-
121 Niepce, Joseph Nicéphore
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 1765 Franced. 5 July 1833 Chalon, France[br]French inventor who was the first to produce permanent photographic images with the aid of a camera.[br]Coming from a prosperous family, Niepce was educated in a Catholic seminary and destined for the priesthood. The French Revolution intervened and Niepce became an officer in an infantry regiment. An attack of typhoid fever in Italy ended his military career, and he returned to France and was married. Returning to his paternal home in Chalon in 1801, he joined with his brother Claude to construct an ingenious engine called the pyréolophore, which they patented in 1807. The French Government also encouraged the brothers in their attempts to produce large quantities of indigo-blue dye from wood, a venture that was ultimately unsuccessful.Nicéphore began to experiment with lithography, which led him to take an interest in the properties of light-sensitive materials. He pursued this interest after Claude moved to Paris in 1816 and is reported to have made negative images in a camera obscura using paper soaked in silver chloride. Niepce went on to experiment with bitumen of judea, a substance that hardened on exposure to light. In 1822, using bitumen of judea on glass, he produced a heliograph from an engraving. The first images from nature may have been made as early as 1824, but the world's earliest surviving photographic image was made in 1826. A view of the courtyard of Niepce's home in Chalon was captured on a pewter plate coated with bitumen of judea; an exposure of several hours was required, the softer parts of the bitumen being dissolved away by a solvent to reveal the image.In 1827 he took examples of his work to London where he met Francis Bauer, Secretary of the Royal Society. Nothing came of this meeting, but on returning to France Niepce continued his work and in 1829 entered into a formal partnership with L.J.M. Daguerre with a view to developing their mutual interest in capturing images formed by the camera obscura. However, the partnership made only limited progress and was terminated by Niepce's death in 1833. It was another six years before the announcement of the first practicable photographic processes was made.[br]Bibliography1973. Joseph Nicéphore Niepce lettres 1816–7, Pavillon de Photographie du Parc Naturel, Régional de Brotonne.1974, Joseph Nicéphore Niepce correspondences 1825–1829, Pavillon de Photographie du Parc Naturel, Régional de Brotonne.Further ReadingJ.M.Eder, 1945, History of Photography, trans. E. Epstean, New York (provides a full account of Niepce's life and work).H.Gernsheim and A.Gernsheim, 1969, The History of Photography, rev. edn, London (provides a full account of Niepce's life and work).JWBiographical history of technology > Niepce, Joseph Nicéphore
-
122 show
ʃəu
1. past tense - showed; verb1) (to allow or cause to be seen: Show me your new dress; Please show your membership card when you come to the club; His work is showing signs of improvement.) enseñar, mostrar2) (to be able to be seen: The tear in your dress hardly shows; a faint light showing through the curtains.) notarse, verse3) (to offer or display, or to be offered or displayed, for the public to look at: Which picture is showing at the cinema?; They are showing a new film; His paintings are being shown at the art gallery.) exhibir4) (to point out or point to: He showed me the road to take; Show me the man you saw yesterday.) indicar, mostrar5) ((often with (a)round) to guide or conduct: Please show this lady to the door; They showed him (a)round (the factory).) conducir, acompañar6) (to demonstrate to: Will you show me how to do it?; He showed me a clever trick.) enseñar7) (to prove: That just shows / goes to show how stupid he is.) demostrar8) (to give or offer (someone) kindness etc: He showed him no mercy.) mostrar
2. noun1) (an entertainment, public exhibition, performance etc: a horse-show; a flower show; the new show at the theatre; a TV show.) exposición, espectáculo2) (a display or act of showing: a show of strength.) exhibición, demostración, alarde3) (an act of pretending to be, do etc (something): He made a show of working, but he wasn't really concentrating.) ostentación, apariencia4) (appearance, impression: They just did it for show, in order to make themselves seem more important than they are.) ostentación, apariencia5) (an effort or attempt: He put up a good show in the chess competition.) actuación•- showy- showiness
- show-business
- showcase
- showdown
- showground
- show-jumping
- showman
- showroom
- give the show away
- good show!
- on show
- show off
- show up
show1 n1. espectáculo2. programa3. feria / exposiciónshow2 vb1. mostrar / enseñar2. demostrar3. verse / notarse
show /ʃou/, /tʃou/ sustantivo masculino (pl
show sustantivo masculino show Locuciones: fam pey (llamar la atención) montar/dar un show, to make a scene ' show' also found in these entries: Spanish: acusar - acusarse - adorno - alzada - alzado - amable - aparentar - arrojar - boato - charlatán - charlatana - chula - chulo - concurso - dar - decir - delicia - demostrar - demostración - desarrollarse - desfile - despliegue - deterioro - echar - ensañarse - enseñar - espectáculo - estimable - evidencia - evidenciar - exhibir - exhibirse - expuesta - expuesto - exteriorizar - fanfarrón - fanfarrona - fanfarronear - fantasma - fastuosa - fastuoso - gala - guiñol - horterada - indicar - lucir - lucirse - manifestar - mano - marcar English: chat show - colour - delight - door - embarrassing - fashion show - favor - favour - flop - grandiose - guide - hand - mill about - mill around - parody - peep show - puppet show - quiz - rope - sensitivity - show - show in - show off - show out - show round - show up - show-jumper - show-jumping - show-off - show-stopper - shown - sign - sought-after - spectacle - spectacular - steal - talk-show - variety show - all - bear - belie - bristle - chat - comedy - demonstrate - display - dog - editor - entertainment - fashiontr[ʃəʊ]3 (exhibition) exposición nombre femenino4 (display) muestra, demostración nombre femenino■ a show of strength una demostración de fuerza, una exhibición de fuerza5 (outward appearance, pretence) apariencia6 (ostentation, pomp) alarde nombre masculino■ it's all for show es pura fachada, todo es para aparentar7 familiar (organization) negocio, tinglado■ who runs this show? ¿quién manda aquí?1 (display -gen) enseñar; (- things for sale) mostrar, enseñar2 (point out) indicar, señalar■ do you want me to show you the way? ¿quieres que te indique el camino?3 (reveal - feelings) demostrar, expresar; (- interest, enthusiasm, etc) demostrar, mostrar4 (allow to be seen) dejar ver5 (measurement etc) marcar; (profit, loss) indicar, registrar, arrojar■ the clock showed 4.25 el reloj marcaba las 4.25■ the thermometer shows a temperature of 20 degrees el termómetro marca una temperatura de 20 grados■ figures out today show that inflation is up by 2% cifras publicadas hoy indican que la inflación ha subido un 2%■ I'll show him! ¡se va a enterar!7 (prove, demonstrate) demostrar■ research has shown that the common cold can be cured las investigaciones han demostrado que se puede curar el resfriado común8 (depict, present) representar, mostrar9 (guide) llevar, acompañar■ will you show Mr. Smith out please? ¿quieres acompañar al Sr. Smith a la puerta por favor?10 (painting etc) exponer, exhibir; (film) dar, poner, pasar, proyectar; (slides) pasar, proyectar; (on TV) dar, poner■ they're showing "Dracula" at the Rex dan "Drácula" en el Rex■ are they showing the match live? ¿dan el partido en directo?1 (be perceptible) verse, notarse■ I did it quickly - yes, it shows! lo hice deprisa - ¡sí, se nota!2 SMALLCINEMA/SMALL poner, dar, echar, proyectar, exhibir■ what's showing at the Odeon? ¿qué dan en el Odeon?, ¿qué echan en el Odeon?3 familiar (appear, turn up) aparecer, presentarse\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLit just goes to show! ¡hay que ver!let's get this show on the road! ¡manos a la obra!the show must go on el espectáculo debe continuartime will show el tiempo lo diráto be all show ser puro teatro, ser fingido,-ato be on show estar expuesto,-ato have nothing to show for something no reportarle a uno ningún beneficio■ he had nothing to show for a life's work except a stupid watch lo único que tenía como recompensa a una vida dedicada al trabajo era un estúpido relojto have something to show for something tener algo que recompensa■ at least you've got something to show for it al menos tienes algo que recompensa el esfuerzo que has hecho■ and what have you got to show for it? ¿y qué tienes como recompensa?, ¿y qué beneficio te ha reportado?to put on/up a good show hacer un buen papel, estar muy biento show a leg levantarseto show one's age notársele los años a unoto show one's face asomar la carato show one's teeth mostrar los dientes, enseñar los dientesto show somebody the door echar a alguien (a la calle)to show signs of something dar señales de algo, dar muestras de algoto show the way (set an example) dar ejemploto steal the show llevarse la palmaagricultural show feria del campoboat show salón nombre masculino náuticofashion show desfile nombre masculino de modeloshorse show concurso hípicoquiz show programa nombre masculino concursoshow business el mundo del espectáculoshow house casa pilotoshow trial juicio amañado (para influir en la opinión pública)1) display: mostrar, enseñar2) reveal: demostrar, manifestar, revelarhe showed himself to be a coward: se reveló como cobarde3) teach: enseñar4) prove: demostrar, probar5) conduct, direct: llevar, acompañarto show someone the way: indicarle el camino a alguien6) : proyectar (una película), dar (un programa de televisión)show vi1) : notarse, versethe stain doesn't show: la mancha no se ve2) appear: aparecer, dejarse vershow n1) : demostración fa show of force: una demostración de fuerza2) exhibition: exposición f, exhibición fflower show: exposición de floresto be on show: estar expuesto3) : espectáculo m (teatral), programa m (de televisión, etc.)to go to a show: ir al teatron.• actuación s.f.• atuendo s.m.• bambolla s.f.• boato s.m.• celebridad s.f.• demostración s.f.• espectáculo s.m.• exhibición s.f.• función s.f.• lucimiento s.m.• manifestación s.f.• ostensión s.f.• pompa s.f.v.(§ p.,p.p.: showed) or p.p.: shown•) = demostrar v.• denotar v.• enseñar v.• exhibir v.• exponer v.• lucir v.• manifestarse v.• mostrar v.• ostentar v.• presentar v.• probar v.• representar v.• revelar v.• señalar v.
I
1. ʃeʊ1)a) \<\<photograph/passport\>\> mostrar*, enseñarto show somebody something, to show something TO somebody — mostrarle* algo a alguien
to have nothing/something to show for something: they had little/nothing to show for their years of work vieron poco/no vieron recompensados sus años de trabajo; she has something to show for her efforts — sus esfuerzos han dado fruto or le han reportado algo
b) \<\<feelings\>\> demostrar*, exteriorizar*; \<\<interest/enthusiasm/taste\>\> demostrar*, mostrar*; \<\<courage\>\> demostrar* (tener)he shows her no respect — no le tiene ningún respeto, le falta al respeto
could you show me the way? — ¿me podría indicar el camino?
c) ( allow to be seen)2)a) (depict, present)does the map show places of interest? — ¿están señalados or marcados en el mapa los lugares de interés?
as shown in fig. 2 — como se indica or se muestra en la figura 2
b) (record, register) \<\<barometer/dial/indicator\>\> marcar*, señalar, indicar*; \<\<profit/loss\>\> arrojar3)a) ( demonstrate) \<\<truth/importance\>\> demostrar*it just goes to show how wrong you can be about people — eso te demuestra cómo te puedes equivocar con la gente
b) ( teach) enseñarI'll show them! — (colloq) ya van a ver!
4) ( by accompanying) (+ adv compl)he showed us to our seats — nos llevó or nos acompañó hasta nuestros asientos
to show somebody in — hacer* pasar a alguien
to show somebody over a building — mostrarle* or enseñarle a alguien un edificio
5)a) ( screen) \<\<movie\>\> dar*, pasar, proyectar (frml), poner* (Esp); \<\<program\>\> dar*, poner* (Esp), emitir (frml); \<\<slides\>\> pasar, proyectar (frml)b) ( exhibit) \<\<paintings/sculpture\>\> exponer*, exhibir; \<\<horse/dog\>\> presentar, exponer*
2.
vi1) ( be visible) \<\<dirt/stain\>\> verse*, notarse; \<\<emotion/scar\>\> notarseI did it in a hurry - yes, it shows! — lo hice deprisa y corriendo - sí, se nota! or sí, y así quedó!
to show through — verse*
2)a) ( be screened) ( Cin)it's showing at the Trocadero — la están dando en el Trocadero, la ponen en el Trocadero (Esp)
b) ( exhibit) \<\<artist\>\> exponer*, exhibir3) ( turn up) (colloq) aparecer*
3.
v refla) ( become visible) \<\<person\>\> asomarse, dejarse verb) ( prove to be) demostrar* ser; ( turn out to be) resultar serPhrasal Verbs:- show off- show up
II
agricultural show — feria f agrícola y ganadera, exposición f rural (RPl)
to be on show — estar* expuesto or en exhibición
to put something on show — exponer* algo; (before n)
show house — (BrE) casa f piloto
2) ca) ( stage production) espectáculo mto get the show on the road — (colloq) poner* manos a la obra
let's get this show on the road — manos a la obra!
to steal the show — \<\<actor\>\> robarse el espectáculo, llevarse todos los aplausos
b) (on television, radio) programa m3) (no pl)a) ( display) muestra f, demostración fb) ( outward appearance)I made a show of enthusiasm — fingí estar entusiasmado; alarde m
4) (colloq) (no pl)a) (activity, organization) asunto mto run the show — llevar la voz cantante, llevar la batuta (fam), ser* el amo del cotarro (fam)
b) ( performance) (BrE)to put up a good/poor show — hacer* un buen/mal papel, defenderse* bien/mal
[ʃǝʊ] (vb: pt showed) (pp shown)good show! — espléndido!, bravo!
1. N1) (=showing) demostración f, manifestación f2) (=exhibition) exposición f ; [of trade] feria fflower 3., horse 2., Lord Mayor•
to be on show — estar expuesto3) (=sight)4) (Theat)a) (=performance) espectáculo m, función f•
to go to a show — ir al teatro•
the last show starts at 11 — la última función empieza a las 11•
there is no show on Sundays — el domingo no hay función•
to stage a show — montar un espectáculob) (fig)•
bad show! — ¡malo!•
good show! * — ¡muy bien hecho!to put up a good show * — dar buena cuenta de sí, hacer un buen papel
•
on with the show!, the show must go on! — ¡que siga el espectáculo!•
to put up a poor show * — no dar buena cuenta de sí, hacer un mal papel- give the show away- steal the show5) (Rad, TV) programa m6) (=outward appearance) apariencia f•
it's all show with him — en su caso todo es apariencia, todo lo hace para impresionar•
to do sth for show — hacer algo para impresionarit's just for show — (behaviour) es para impresionar nada más; (object) (=for decoration) es solo un adorno; (=not real) es de adorno
•
the party made a show of unity at its conference — el partido presentó una fachada de gran unidad en su congreso7) (=affected display) alarde m8) * (=organization)•
who's in charge of this show? — ¿quién manda aquí?•
this is my show — aquí mando yo•
he runs the show — manda él, él es el amo2. VT1) (gen) enseñar, mostrarto show sb sth, show sth to sb — enseñar or mostrar algo a algn
have I shown you my hat? — ¿te he enseñado or mostrado ya mi sombrero?
he showed me his new car — me enseñó or mostró su nuevo coche
to show o.s.: she won't show herself here again — no volverá a dejarse ver por aquí
come on, show yourself! — vamos, ¡sal de ahí!
it shows itself in his speech — se revela en su forma de hablar, se le nota en el habla
•
don't show your face here again — no te vuelvas a dejar ver por aquí•
he had nothing to show for his trouble — no vió recompensado su esfuerzo, no le lució nada el esfuerzo2) (=exhibit) [+ paintings] exhibir; [+ goods] exponer; [+ film] proyectar, pasar; [+ slides] proyectar; (Theat) representar, dar *3) (=indicate) [dial, gauge, instrument] marcarthe speedometer shows a speed of... — el velocímetro marca...
it shows 200 degrees — marca or indica 200 grados
•
the clock shows two o'clock — el reloj marca las dos•
the figures show a rise — las cifras arrojan un aumento•
to show a loss/ profit — (Comm) arrojar un saldo negativo/positivo4) (=demonstrate) demostrarto show that... — demostrar que..., hacer ver que...
it just goes to show (that)... — queda demostrado (que)...
I showed him that this could not be true — le hice ver or demostré que esto no podía ser cierto
•
this shows him to be a coward — esto deja manifiesto lo cobarde que es, esto demuestra que es un cobarde•
I'll show him! * — ¡ya va a ver!, ¡ese se va a enterar!•
to show what one is made of — demostrar de lo que uno es capaz5) (=express, manifest) demostrar•
to show his disagreement, he... — para mostrar su disconformidad, él...•
he showed no fear — no demostró tener miedo, no mostró ningún miedo•
she showed great intelligence — demostró ser muy inteligente, mostró gran inteligencia•
the choice of dishes shows excellent taste — la selección de platos demuestra or muestra un gusto muy fino6) (=reveal)•
to show o.s. incompetent — descubrir su incompetencia, mostrarse incompetente7) (=direct, conduct)to show sb the door — (fig) echar a algn con cajas destempladas
•
to show sb into a room — hacer que pase algn, hacer entrar a algn en un cuartothey showed us round the garden — nos mostraron or enseñaron el jardín
who is going to show us round? — ¿quién actuará de guía?, ¿quién será nuestro guía?
3. VI1) [stain, emotion, underskirt] notarse, verseit doesn't show — no se ve, no se nota
fear showed on her face — se le notaba or frm manifestaba el miedo en la cara
don't worry, it won't show — no te preocupes, no se notará
"I've never been riding before" - "it shows" — -nunca había montado a caballo antes -se nota
2) [film]there's a horror film showing at the Odeon — están pasando or (LAm) dando una película de horror en el Odeón
3) (=demonstrate)it just goes to show that...! — ¡hay que ver que...!
4.CPDshow apartment N — (Brit) apartamento m modelo, piso m piloto (Sp), departamento m piloto or modelo (LAm)
showbiz column, showbiz reportershow biz *, show business N — el mundo del espectáculo
show flat N — (Brit) apartamento m modelo, piso m piloto (Sp), departamento m piloto or modelo (LAm)
show home, show house N — (Brit) casa f modelo, casa f piloto
show jumper N — participante mf en concursos de saltos or de hípica
show jumping N — concursos mpl de saltos or de hípica
show trial N — proceso m organizado con fines propagandísticos
show window N — escaparate m
- show in- show off- show out- show up* * *
I
1. [ʃeʊ]1)a) \<\<photograph/passport\>\> mostrar*, enseñarto show somebody something, to show something TO somebody — mostrarle* algo a alguien
to have nothing/something to show for something: they had little/nothing to show for their years of work vieron poco/no vieron recompensados sus años de trabajo; she has something to show for her efforts — sus esfuerzos han dado fruto or le han reportado algo
b) \<\<feelings\>\> demostrar*, exteriorizar*; \<\<interest/enthusiasm/taste\>\> demostrar*, mostrar*; \<\<courage\>\> demostrar* (tener)he shows her no respect — no le tiene ningún respeto, le falta al respeto
could you show me the way? — ¿me podría indicar el camino?
c) ( allow to be seen)2)a) (depict, present)does the map show places of interest? — ¿están señalados or marcados en el mapa los lugares de interés?
as shown in fig. 2 — como se indica or se muestra en la figura 2
b) (record, register) \<\<barometer/dial/indicator\>\> marcar*, señalar, indicar*; \<\<profit/loss\>\> arrojar3)a) ( demonstrate) \<\<truth/importance\>\> demostrar*it just goes to show how wrong you can be about people — eso te demuestra cómo te puedes equivocar con la gente
b) ( teach) enseñarI'll show them! — (colloq) ya van a ver!
4) ( by accompanying) (+ adv compl)he showed us to our seats — nos llevó or nos acompañó hasta nuestros asientos
to show somebody in — hacer* pasar a alguien
to show somebody over a building — mostrarle* or enseñarle a alguien un edificio
5)a) ( screen) \<\<movie\>\> dar*, pasar, proyectar (frml), poner* (Esp); \<\<program\>\> dar*, poner* (Esp), emitir (frml); \<\<slides\>\> pasar, proyectar (frml)b) ( exhibit) \<\<paintings/sculpture\>\> exponer*, exhibir; \<\<horse/dog\>\> presentar, exponer*
2.
vi1) ( be visible) \<\<dirt/stain\>\> verse*, notarse; \<\<emotion/scar\>\> notarseI did it in a hurry - yes, it shows! — lo hice deprisa y corriendo - sí, se nota! or sí, y así quedó!
to show through — verse*
2)a) ( be screened) ( Cin)it's showing at the Trocadero — la están dando en el Trocadero, la ponen en el Trocadero (Esp)
b) ( exhibit) \<\<artist\>\> exponer*, exhibir3) ( turn up) (colloq) aparecer*
3.
v refla) ( become visible) \<\<person\>\> asomarse, dejarse verb) ( prove to be) demostrar* ser; ( turn out to be) resultar serPhrasal Verbs:- show off- show up
II
agricultural show — feria f agrícola y ganadera, exposición f rural (RPl)
to be on show — estar* expuesto or en exhibición
to put something on show — exponer* algo; (before n)
show house — (BrE) casa f piloto
2) ca) ( stage production) espectáculo mto get the show on the road — (colloq) poner* manos a la obra
let's get this show on the road — manos a la obra!
to steal the show — \<\<actor\>\> robarse el espectáculo, llevarse todos los aplausos
b) (on television, radio) programa m3) (no pl)a) ( display) muestra f, demostración fb) ( outward appearance)I made a show of enthusiasm — fingí estar entusiasmado; alarde m
4) (colloq) (no pl)a) (activity, organization) asunto mto run the show — llevar la voz cantante, llevar la batuta (fam), ser* el amo del cotarro (fam)
b) ( performance) (BrE)to put up a good/poor show — hacer* un buen/mal papel, defenderse* bien/mal
good show! — espléndido!, bravo!
-
123 income
n1) доход; заработок, доходы; поступления2) амер. прибыль
- accounting income
- accrued income
- accrued coupon income
- accumulated income
- accumulated taxable income
- active income
- actual income
- additional income
- adjusted income
- adjusted gross income
- after-tax income
- agency income
- aggregate income
- alternative minimum taxable income
- annual income
- assessable income
- average income
- average annual income
- before-tax income
- blocked income
- book income
- business income
- capital income
- cash income
- casual income
- combined income
- commission income
- community property income
- consolidated taxable income
- constant income
- consumer income
- cumulative taxable income
- current income
- declared income
- deferred income
- derivative income
- determinable income
- discretionary income
- disposable income
- disposable personal income
- dividend income
- earned income
- excessive income
- expected income
- export income
- extra income
- extraordinary income
- factor income
- family income
- farm income
- fiduciary accounting income
- financial income
- financial services income
- fixed income
- foregone income
- foreign earned income
- foreign exchange trading income
- foreign source income
- franked income
- gambling income
- gift income
- gross income
- gross national income
- gross operating income
- guaranteed minimum income
- habitual income
- hidden income
- household income
- illegal income
- imputed income
- individual income
- interest income
- interest income on advances to customers
- interest income on commercial loans
- interest income on loans
- investment income
- invisible income
- irregular income
- labour income
- large income
- licensing income
- life income
- low income
- manufacturing income
- marginal income
- minimum income
- miscellaneous income
- money income
- national income
- negative income
- net income
- net income before exemptions
- net income of society
- net income per share
- net capital income
- net interest income
- net operating income
- net operating income before provisions for losses
- nominal income
- noninterest income
- noninterest operating income
- nonoperating income
- nontaxable income
- nontrading income
- notional income
- operating income
- operational income
- ordinary income
- ordinary gross income
- original income
- other income
- ownership incomes
- passive income
- passive activity income
- passive investment income
- per capita income
- per head income
- periodical income
- permanent income
- personal income
- portfolio income
- premium income
- pretax income
- primary income
- private income
- professional income
- projected income
- property income
- psychic income
- real income
- regular income
- relative income
- rent income
- rental income
- rentier income
- residual income
- retained income
- retained taxable income
- retirement income
- sales income
- self-employment income
- separate taxable income
- service income
- settled income
- sheltered income
- social income
- spendable income
- steady income
- supplementary income
- take home income
- taxable income
- tax-exempt income
- tax-exempt interest income
- tax-free income
- total income
- trading income
- transitory income
- undistributed income
- unearned income
- unexpected income
- unreported income
- wage and salary income
- yearly income
- income for the year
- income from affiliates
- income from business
- income from capital
- income from commercial activities
- income from currency transactions
- income from customer transactions
- income from entrepreneurship
- income from finance leases
- income from investment of capital
- income from investments
- income from off-balance-sheet transactions
- income from operations
- income from property
- income from rentals
- income from sales
- income from self-employment
- income from treasury and interbank transactions
- income from work
- income in foreign currency
- income in kind
- income of an enterprise
- income of investment
- incomes of the population
- income on currency operations
- income on securities transactions
- income on trust activities
- income per head
- income and expenditure
- income and expense
- income attributable to gross receipts from foreign trade
- income exempt from taxes
- income generated by
- income liable to tax
- income subject to tax
- accumulate income beyond the reasonable needs of business
- assign income to another person for tax purposes
- boost income
- bring in an income
- compute taxable income
- conceal income from taxation
- declare income
- defer income
- derive income from activities
- detect illegal income
- draw income
- earn income
- ensure income
- exclude income
- gain income
- generate an income
- redistribute the income
- reflect taxable income inaccurately
- report income
- split the income
- tax income
- underreport incomeEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > income
-
124 payment
[ˈpeɪmənt]accommodation payment плата за жилье additional payment дополнительный платеж additional payment последующий платеж advance payment авансовый платеж advance payment внесение аванса advance payment досрочная выплата (долга) advance payment досрочный платеж advance payment of salary досрочная выдача заработной платы after tax payment платеж за вычетом налога after tax payment платеж после уплаты налога against payment после оплаты against payment после получения денег all-inclusive payment оплата всех услуг annual payment годовая плата annual payment ежегодная плата annual payment ежегодный платеж annuity payment выплата аннуитета annuity payment ежегодная выплата anticipated payment досрочный платеж anticipated payment оплата, сделанная раньше срока balloon payment погашение кредита один раз полной суммой balloon payment последний платеж в погашение кредита, который значительно больше предыдущих bonus payment выплата премии book payment оплата по книгам capital payment выплата по инвестициям capital payment платеж капитала care payment выплаты по уходу carry-over payment отсроченный платеж cashless payment безналичная оплата child maintenance payment сем.право плата на содержание ребенка claim corrective payment требовать изменения платежа compensatory payment компенсаторная выплата compensatory payment компенсационный платеж corrective payment дополнительный платеж corruptive payment взятка currency used for payment валюта, используемая для платежа customary mode of payment обычный способ платежа deferred payment отсроченный платеж deficiency payment покрытие дефицита delivery against payment доставка за плату direct pension payment непосредственная выплата пенсии discharge payment выплаты по увольнению, выходное пособие dividend payment выплата дивидендов dividend payment дивиденд к оплате early payment предварительная оплата effect payment осуществлять платеж energy payment плата за энергию equalization payment уравнивающий платеж erroneous payment неверный платеж ex gratia payment добровольный платеж ex-gratia payment добровольный платеж exact payment требовать плату excess payment дополнительный платеж excess payment переплата failing payment просроченный платеж fictitious payment фиктивный платеж final payment окончательный платеж foreign interest payment уплата процентов за рубежом golden parachute payment большое выходное пособие graduated mortgage payment закладная с возрастающей суммой выплат в счет погашения holiday payment отпускное вознаграждение immediate payment немедленная уплата immediate payment срочный платеж indemnity payment гарантийный платеж initial margin payment бирж. первоначальная выплата маржи instalment payment очередной платеж при покупке в рассрочку instalment payment платеж в рассрочку instalment payment plan график платежей при покупке в рассрочку insurance payment страховой платеж payment уплата, платеж, плата; взнос; interest payment выплата процентов interest payment выплата процентов interim payment предварительный платеж internal payment внутренний платеж intragroup payment внутрифирменный платеж lease payment плата за аренду life annuity payment выплата пожизненной ренты, пожизненной пенсии lump sum payment единовременная выплата lump sum payment погашение нескольких платежей единовременной выплатой lump-sum payment крупная выплата maintenance payment выплата алиментов make a payment производить платеж merchandise payment оплата товаров minimum payment минимальная выплата minimum payment минимальный платеж money payment денежный платеж monthly payment ежемесячный платеж net payment чистая сумма платежей once-only payment разовый платеж one-off payment разовый платеж one-time payment разовый платеж outstanding payment просроченный платеж overall payment полный платеж overdue payment просроченный платеж overtime payment плата за сверхурочную работу part payment частичный платеж partial payment частичный платеж payment возмездие payment вознаграждение; возмездие payment вознаграждение payment наказание payment оплата payment плата payment платеж payment погашение долга payment получение денег payment уплата, платеж, плата; взнос; interest payment выплата процентов payment уплата payment at settling period платеж в расчетном периоде payment buy result оплата по результатам работы payment by cheque оплата чеком payment by instalments платеж в рассрочку payment by instalments платеж частями payment by merit поощрительная оплата труда payment by results оплата по результатам payment by users оплата потребителями payment for commodities оплата товаров payment for honour supra protest оплата третьим лицом опротестованного векселя payment for merchandise оплата товаров payment in advance оплата авансом payment in arrears остаточный платеж payment in arrears просроченный платеж payment in cash оплата наличными payment in full полный платеж payment in kind оплата натурой payment in kind оплата товарами и услугами payment of benefit выплата пособия payment of bill погашение векселя payment of cheque оплата чеком payment of claim платеж по иску payment of company taxes уплата налогов с доходов компании payment of damages возмещение убытков payment of dividend выплата дивиденда payment of excise duties уплата акцизных сборов payment of instalment and interest выплата очередного взноса и процентов payment of interim dividend выплата предварительного дивиденда payment of interim dividend выплата промежуточного дивиденда payment of margin выплата маржи payment of pension contribution выплата взноса в пенсионный фонд payment of principal and interest выплата основной суммы и процентов payment of refunds in advance возврат переплат авансом payment of salary in advance выплата заработной платы авансом payment of salary in arrears выплата заработной платы под расчет payment of taxes for prior years уплата налогов за предыдущие годы payment of wages выплата заработной платы payment on account for goods оплата товаров по безналичному расчету payment on quantum meruit оплата по справедливой оценке payment on sight оплата после предъявления payment to owner платеж владельцу penalty payment уплата штрафа pension payment выплата пенсии pension payment пенсионная выплата piecework payment сдельная оплата post-tax payment платеж после удержания налогов premium payment выплата премий premium payment выплата страховой премии premium payment уплата страховых взносов principal payment основной платеж progress payment промежуточная выплата progress payment увеличение кредита по мере строительства объекта prompt payment немедленный платеж provisional payment предварительный платеж punctual payment платеж в срок recorded payment зарегистрированный платеж redundancy payment выходное пособие redundancy payment пособие по безработице refuse payment отказываться от уплаты registered payment зарегистрированный платеж royalty payment уплата роялти running payment текущий платеж salary payment выдача заработной платы service payment оплата услуг stop payment остановка оплаты чека лицом, которое его выписало stop payment приостановленный платеж по чеку stop: payment прекращать(ся); кончать(ся); stop grumbling! перестаньте ворчать!; to stop payment прекратить платежи, обанкротиться supplementary payment дополнительный платеж supplementary payment последующий платеж tax payment выплата налоговых сумм tax payment уплата налогов time payment повременная оплата trade payment плата за товары transfer payment передаточный платеж transfer payment трансфертный платеж wage payment выплата заработной платы welfare payment государственное пособие -
125 stake
1. noun1) (pointed stick) Pfahl, der2) (wager) Einsatz, der2. transitive verbbe at stake — auf dem Spiel stehen
1) (secure) [an einem Pfahl/an Pfählen] anbinden2) (wager) setzen (on auf + Akk.)3) (risk) aufs Spiel setzen (on für)Phrasal Verbs:- academic.ru/92027/stake_out">stake out* * *[steik] I noun(a strong stick or post, especially a pointed one used as a support or as part of a fence.) der PfahlII 1. noun(a sum of money risked in betting: He and his friends enjoy playing cards for high stakes.) der Einsatz2. verb(to bet or risk (money or something of value): I'm going to stake $5 on that horse.) setzen- at stake* * *stake1[steɪk]I. nwooden \stake Holzpfahl mto be burnt at the \stake auf dem Scheiterhaufen verbrannt werdento go to the \stake auf den Scheiterhaufen kommenII. vt▶ to pull up \stakes AM seine Zelte abbrechenstake2[steɪk]I. nhigh/low \stakes hoher/geringer Einsatzto play for high \stakes um einen hohen Einsatz spielento double one's \stakes seinen Einsatz verdoppelnhe holds a 40% \stake in the company ihm gehören anteilsmäßig 40 % der Firmamajority/minority \stake Mehrheits-/Minderheitsanteil mto have a \stake in sth einen Anteil an etw dat haben [o nehmen3. (prize money)▪ \stakes pl Preis m4. (horse race)▪ \stakes pl Pferderennen ntto be high in the popularity \stakes weit oben auf der Beliebtheitsskala stehenthis will give her a definite advantage in the management \stakes dies wird ihr im Management einen definitiven Vorteil verschaffen6.everything was at \stake es ging um alles oder nichtsthe real issue at \stake is not... die eigentliche Frage lautet nicht,...II. vt1. (wager)to \stake money Geld setzenshe has \staked everything on her friend's good faith sie verlässt sich voll und ganz auf die Treue ihres Freundesto \stake one's name on sth sein Wort auf etw akk geben* * *[steɪk]1. n1) (= post) Pfosten m, Pfahl m; (for vampires) Pfahl m; (for plant) Stange f; (for animal) Pflock m → pull upSee:→ pull up2) (= place of execution) Scheiterhaufen mto die at the stake —
he was ready to go to the stake or be burned at the stake for his principles — er war bereit, sich für seine Prinzipien ans Kreuz nageln zu lassen
he has a lot at stake — er hat viel zu verlieren
to have a stake in sth (in business) — einen Anteil an etw (dat) haben; in the future von etw betroffen werden
the issue at stake is not... — es steht nicht zur Debatte, ob...
4) pl (= prize) Gewinn m2. vt1) animal anpflockento stake one's life on sth — seine Hand für etw ins Feuer legen
* * *stake1 [steık]A spull up stakes bes US umg seine Zelte abbrechen2. HIST Brandpfahl m:be burnt at the stake auf dem Scheiterhaufen verbrannt werden;be sentenced to the stake zum Tod auf dem Scheiterhaufen verurteilt werden;I wouldn’t go to the stake for it fig ich würde mich dafür nicht kreuzigen lassen3. Pflock m (zum Anbinden von Tieren)4. AGR, AUTO, BAHN Runge f5. Absteckpfahl m, -pflock m6. kleiner (Hand)AmbossB v/tstake off durch Pfähle abtrennen2. eine Pflanze mit einem Pfahl stützen3. ein Tier anpflocken4. a) (mit einem Pfahl) durchbohrenstake2 [steık]A s1. (Wett-, Spiel)Einsatz m:place one’s stakes on setzen auf (akk);be at stake fig auf dem Spiel stehen;a) um hohe Einsätze spielen,b) fig ein hohes Spiel spielen, allerhand riskieren;a) den Einsatz oder die Einsätze erhöhen,b) fig das Risiko erhöhen;sweep the stakes den ganzen Gewinn einstreichenhave a stake in the country am Wohlergehen des Staates interessiert sein3. pl Pferderennsport:b) Rennen, dessen Dotierung von den Pferdeeigentümern bestritten wirdB v/t2. fig aufs Spiel setzen, riskieren:I’d stake my life on that darauf gehe ich jede Wette ein3. fig sein Wort etc verpfänden (on für)5. stake sb to sth jemandem etwas spendieren* * *1. noun1) (pointed stick) Pfahl, der2) (wager) Einsatz, der2. transitive verb1) (secure) [an einem Pfahl/an Pfählen] anbinden2) (wager) setzen (on auf + Akk.)3) (risk) aufs Spiel setzen (on für)Phrasal Verbs:* * *(gambling, betting) n.Spieleinsatz m. (torture) n.Marterpfahl m. n.Anteil -e m.Beteiligung f.Einsatz -ë m.Pfahl ¨-e m.Pflock -¨e m. -
126 amortization
Fin1. a method of recovering (deducting or writing off) the capital costs of intangible assets over a fixed period of time.EXAMPLEFor tax purposes, the distinction is not always made between amortization and depreciation, yet amortization remains a viable financial accounting concept in its own right.It is computed using the straight-line method of depreciation: divide the initial cost of the intangible asset by the estimated useful life of that asset.Initial cost/useful life = amortization per yearFor example, if it costs $10,000 to acquire a patent and it has an estimated useful life of 10 years, the amortized amount per year is $1,000.$10,000/10 = $1,000 per yearThe amount of amortization accumulated since the asset was acquired appears on the organization’s balance sheet as a deduction under the amortized asset.While that formula is straightforward, amortization can also incorporate a variety of noncash charges to net earnings and/or asset values, such as depletion, write-offs, prepaid expenses, and deferred charges. Accordingly, there are many rules to regulate how these charges appear on financial statements. The rules are different in each country, and are occasionally changed, so it is necessary to stay abreast of them and rely on expert advice.For financial reporting purposes, an intangible asset is amortized over a period of years. The amortizable life—“useful life”—of an intangible asset is the period over which it gives economic benefit.Intangibles that can be amortized can include:Copyrights, based on the amount paid either to purchase them or to develop them internally, plus the costs incurred in producing the work (wages or materials, for example). At present, a copyright is granted to a corporation for 75 years, and to an individual for the life of the author plus 50 years. However, the estimated useful life of a copyright is usually far less than its legal life, and it is generally amortized over a fairly short period;Cost of a franchise, including any fees paid to the franchiser, as well legal costs or expenses incurred in the acquisition. A franchise granted for a limited period should be amortized over its life. If the franchise has an indefinite life, it should be amortized over a reasonable period not to exceed 40 years;Covenants not to compete: an agreement by the seller of a business not to engage in a competing business in a certain area for a specific period of time. The cost of the not-tocompete covenant should be amortized over the period covered by the covenant unless its estimated economic life is expected to be less;Easement costs that grant a right of way may be amortized if there is a limited and specified life; Organization costs incurred when forming a corporation or a partnership, including legal fees, accounting services, incorporation fees, and other related services.Organization costs are usually amortized over 60 months;Patents, both those developed internally and those purchased. If developed internally, a patent’s “amortizable basis” includes legal fees incurred during the application process. A patent should be amortized over its legal life or its economic life, whichever is the shorter;Trademarks, brands, and trade names, which should be written off over a period not to exceed 40 years;Other types of property that may be amortized include certain intangible drilling costs, circulation costs, mine development costs, pollution control facilities, and reforestation expenditures;Certain intangibles cannot be amortized, but may be depreciated using a straight-line approach if they have “determinable” useful life. Because the rules are different in each country and are subject to change, it is essential to rely on specialist advice.2. the repayment of the principal and interest on a loan in equal amounts over a period of time -
127 lively
adjective (active; full of life, high spirits or movement: She took a lively interest in us; The music is bright and lively.) alegre, vivo, lleno de vidalively adj vivo / animadotr['laɪvlɪ]1 vivo,-a, animado,-a (interest) entusiasmado,-a2 (colour) vivo,-a3 familiar (difficult) difícil, interesante\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLat a lively pace con un ritmo aceleradoadj.• agudo, -a adj.• airoso, -a adj.• alegre adj.• animado, -a adj.• avispado, -a adj.• bullicioso, -a adj.• despabilado, -a adj.• gallardo, -a adj.• pizpereta adj.• resalado, -a adj.• saleroso, -a adj.• vivaracho, -a adj.• vivaz adj.• vivo (Animado) adj.• zafado, -a adj.n.• torbellino s.m.'laɪvliadjective -lier, -liest <place/atmosphere/debate> animado; < music> alegre; <description/account> vívidothey take a lively interest in developments — toman un vivo interés en el desarrollo de los acontecimientos
['laɪvlɪ]ADJ (compar livelier) (superl liveliest)1) (gen) [person, personality] vivaz, alegre; [atmosphere, conversation, party, town] animado; [bar, street, market] animado, bullicioso; [dog] juguetón; [tune] alegre; [performance] enérgico2) (=heated) [debate, discussion] animado3) (=fast) [pace, speed] rápidolook lively! — ¡espabila!
4) (=keen) [mind] vivaz, inquieto; [imagination] vivo; [sense of humour] agudo5) (=vivid) [description, account, style] vivo, vívido* * *['laɪvli] -
128 revive
1) (to come, or bring, back to consciousness, strength, health etc: They attempted to revive the woman who had fainted; She soon revived; The flowers revived in water; to revive someone's hopes.) reanimar2) (to come or bring back to use etc: This old custom has recently (been) revived.) resurgir, volver•- revivalrevive vb reanimar / reanimarsetr[rɪ'vaɪv]1 reanimar, reavivar, despertar2 (economy) reactivar3 (play) reestrenar4 SMALLMEDICINE/SMALL reanimar, hacer volver en sí1 SMALLMEDICINE/SMALL volver en sí1) reawaken: reavivar, reanimar, reactivar (la economía), resucitar (a un paciente)2) reestablish: restablecerrevive vi1) : renacer, reanimarse, reactivarse2) come to: recobrar el sentido, volver en sív.• animar v.• avigorar v.• avivar v.• despertar v.• reanimar v.• reavivar v.• renacer v.• reponer v.(§pres: -pongo, -pones...) pret: -pus-pp: -puestofut/c: -pondr-•)• restablecer v.• resucitar v.• resurgir v.• reverdecer v.• volver en sí v.rɪ'vaɪv
1.
a) ( Med) reanimar, resucitarb) ( revitalize) \<\<economy\>\> reactivar, estimular; \<\<hope/interest/friendship\>\> hacer* renacer, reavivar; \<\<conversation\>\> reanimarc) (reintroduce, restore) \<\<custom/practice\>\> restablecer*d) ( Theat) \<\<play\>\> reestrenar, reponer*
2.
vi \<\<industryade\>\> reactivarse, repuntar; \<\<hope/interest/spirits\>\> renacer*, resurgir*; \<\<patient\>\> reanimarse; ( come to) recobrar el sentido, volver* en sí; \<\<flowers/plant\>\> revivir[rɪ'vaɪv]1. VT1) [+ person] (to life, spirits) reanimar2) [+ fire] avivar; [+ old customs] restablecer, recuperar; [+ hopes, suspicions] despertar; [+ accusation] volver a, volver a hacer3) (Theat) [+ play] reponer2. VI1) [person] (from faint) reanimarse, volver en sí; (from tiredness, shock etc) reponerse, recuperarse; (from apparent death) revivir2) [hope, emotions] renacer; [business, trade] reactivarse* * *[rɪ'vaɪv]
1.
a) ( Med) reanimar, resucitarb) ( revitalize) \<\<economy\>\> reactivar, estimular; \<\<hope/interest/friendship\>\> hacer* renacer, reavivar; \<\<conversation\>\> reanimarc) (reintroduce, restore) \<\<custom/practice\>\> restablecer*d) ( Theat) \<\<play\>\> reestrenar, reponer*
2.
vi \<\<industry/trade\>\> reactivarse, repuntar; \<\<hope/interest/spirits\>\> renacer*, resurgir*; \<\<patient\>\> reanimarse; ( come to) recobrar el sentido, volver* en sí; \<\<flowers/plant\>\> revivir
См. также в других словарях:
life interest — see interest 1 Merriam Webster’s Dictionary of Law. Merriam Webster. 1996. life interest n … Law dictionary
Life interest — Life Life (l[imac]f), n.; pl. {Lives} (l[imac]vz). [AS. l[imac]f; akin to D. lijf body, G. leib body, MHG. l[imac]p life, body, OHG. l[imac]b life, Icel. l[imac]f, life, body, Sw. lif, Dan. liv, and E. live, v. [root]119. See {Live}, and cf.… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
life interest — n. interest (in property) that is payable during a person s lifetime, but which cannot be passed on to another at death … English World dictionary
Life interest — A life interest (or life rent in Scotland) is some form of right under a trust which lasts only for the lifetime of the person benefiting from that right. A person with a life interest is known as a life tenant.A life interest ends when the life… … Wikipedia
life interest trust — A type of private trust where the life tenant is entitled to receive for life or a fixed period all or a fixed share of the income generated by the trust fund. On his death, the right to trust income will pass to another or the trust may come to… … Law dictionary
life-interest — lifeˈ inˈterest noun An interest lasting during a life • • • Main Entry: ↑life … Useful english dictionary
life interest — interest on property that is payable during the owner s lifetime but cannot be passed on to another or others after his or her death. * * * … Universalium
life interest — An interest in property which is to terminate upon the death of the holder of the interest, or upon the death of some other designated person. See life estate … Ballentine's law dictionary
life interest — /laɪf ˈɪntrəst/ (say luyf intruhst) noun an entitlement, lasting for one s lifetime only, to benefits, dividends or interest from an investment, property, etc …
life interest — noun Law a right to property that a person holds for life but cannot dispose of further … English new terms dictionary
life interest — noun see life estate … Useful english dictionary