lash

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n. a lash with a whip.

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(bind; batt, bundum; bundinn), v.

1) to bind, tie, fasten, tie up;

binda hest, hund, to tie up a horse, dog;

binda skó, þvengi, to tie shoes, thongs;

binda stein við háls e-m, to fasten a stone to one’s neck;

binda fyrir augu e-m, to blindfold one;

2) to bind in parcels, to pack up (binda varning til skips);

binda hey á hest, to truss hay on a horse’s back;

binda korn, to tie up sheaves of corn;

binda klyf, to tie up a pack;

3) binda e-t um e-t, to bind round;

hann batt silkiræmu um fót sér, he bound a strip of silk round his leg;

binda um e-t, to put a bandage on;

batt Yngvildr um fót honum, bound up his (wounded) leg;

binda um sár, to bind up a wound;

fig., hefir margr hlotit um sárt at binda fyrir mér, many a man has had wounds to tie up by my means (i. e. inflicted by me);

þykkir mér bezt um heilt at binda, to bind a sound limb, to keep safe and sound;

binda sár = binda um sár;

binda hönd e-s, to bind his hand;

4) to make, form, contract, enter into (binda samfélag, vináttu, tengdir, hjúskap);

binda sætt ok frið, to make a reconciliation and peace;

binda ráð, to resolve;

absol. with infin., to fix, engage (bundu þeir Þórir at hittast á ákveðnum stáð);

5) refl., to bind or engage oneself;

em ek þó eigi þess búinn, nema fleiri bindist, unless more persons bind themselves, enter the league;

bindast á hendi (höndum) e-m, to bind oneself to serve another (bindast á hendi konungum);

bindast fyrir e-u, to put oneself at the head of an undertaking;

bindast (= binda sik) í e-u, to engage in a thing (bindast í heitum);

bindast í banns atkvæði, to bring on oneself the sentence of excommunication;

with gen. (bindast e-s = bindast af or frá e-u), to refrain from a thing;

eigi bazt hann ferligra orða, he did not refrain from bad words.

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batt, 2nd pers. bazt, pl. bundu, bundit; pres. bind; 3rd pers. reflex. bizt; imperat. bind, bind þú; 2nd pers. bittú, bitt þú, Fm. 40; battú, Bret. 32; bitzt, Post. 154: [Goth., A. S., Hel. bindan; Engl. bind; Germ. binden; Swed. binda, 2nd pers. bandt; in Icel. by assimilation batt; bant, however, Hb. 20, 32 (1865)]:— to bind:

I. prop. to bind in fetters, (cp. bönd, vincula; bandingi, prisoner), Hom. 119, Fms. xi. 146, Gþl. 179:

1. to tie, fasten, tie up, b. hest, Nj. 83; naut, Ld. 98, Bs. i. 171; b. hund, Grág. ii. 119; b. við e-t, to fasten to; b. stein við háls e-m, 655 xxviii; b. blæju við stöng, Fms. ix. 358; b. skó, þvengi, to tie the shoes, Nj. 143, Þorst. St. 53, Orkn. 430: to bind in parcels, to pack up, b. varning, Fms. iii. 91, ix. 241 (a pun); b. hey, to truss hay for carting, Nj. 74; klyf, Grett. 123; b. at, til, to bind round a sack, parcel, Fms. i. 10; to bind a book, (band, bindi, volume, are mod. phrases), Dipl. i. 5, 9, ii. 13.

β. medic. to bind wounds, to bind up, b. sár, Eg. 33, Bs. i. 639, Fms. i. 46 (cp. Germ. verbinden); b. um, of fomentation, Str. 4. 72: metaph. phrase, eiga um sárt at b., to have a sore wound to bind up, one feeling sore; hefir margr hlotið um sárt at b. fyrir mér, i. e. I have inflicted deep wounds on many, Nj. 54: the proverb, bezt er um heilt at b., or eiga um heilt at b., to bind a sound limb, i. e. to be safe and sound; þykir mér bezt um heilt at b., I think to keep my limbs unhurt, to run no risk, Fms. vii. 263.

2. with a notion of impediment; b. skjöld sinn, to entangle the shield: metaph., bundin (closed, shut) skjaldborg, Sks. 385.

II. metaph. to bind, make obligatory; leysa ok b., of the pope, Fms. x. 11: to make, contract a league, friendship, affinity, wedding, fellowship, oath, or the like; b. ráð, to resolve, Ld. 4, Eg. 30; samfélag, lag, vináttu, eið, tengdir, hjúskap, Fms. i. 53, iv. 15, 20, 108, 210, ix. 52, Stj. 633, K. Á. 110: absol. with a following infin., binda ( fix) þeir Þórir at hittast í ákveðnum stað, Ísl. ii. 147.

III. reflex, to bind, engage oneself, enter a league; leikmenn höfðu saman bundizt at setjast á kirkjueignir, Bs. i. 733; bindask (b. sik) í e-u, to engage in a thing; þótt hann væri bundinn í slíkum hlutum, 655; at b. sik í veraldligu starfi, id.; hann bazt í því, at sýslumenn yðrir skyldu eigi koma á mörkina, Eg. 71; em ek þó eigi þessa búinn, nema fleiri bindist, unless more people bind themselves, enter the league, Fær. 25, Valla L. 216; bindast í banns atkvæði, H. E. i. 465; binda sik undir e-t, with a following infin. to bind oneself to do, Vm. 25; b. sik við e-t, id., N. G. L. i. 89; bindask e-m á hendi, to bind oneself to serve another, esp. of the service of great personages; b. á hendi konungum, Fms. xi. 203, x. 215, Bs. i. 681, Orkn. 422; bindast fyrir e-u, to place oneself at the head of an undertaking, to head, Hkr. iii. 40; Öngull vildi b. fyrir um atför við Gretti, Grett. 147 A.

2. with gen., bindask e-s, to refrain from a thing; eigi bazt harm ferligra orða, i. e. he did not refrain from bad language, 655. 12; b. tára (only negative), to refrain from bursting into tears, Fms. ii. 32; hlátrs, Sks. 118; b. við e-t, id., El. 21; b. af e-u, Stj. 56.

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(eys, jós, jósum, ausinn), v.

1) to sprinkle, pour, with dat.;

þær taka hvern dag vatn í brunninum ok ausa (viz. því) upp yfir askinn, pour it over the ash-tree;

ausa síld ór netjum, to empty the nets of the herrings;

fig., ausa sauri á e-n, to bespatter with abuse;

ausa e-m e-u í augu upp, to throw … in one’s face;

2) ausa e-n (or e-t) e-u, to besprinkle with a thing;

ausa e-n moldu, to sprinkle with earth, to bury;

ausa barn vatni, a sort of baptism in the heathen age (Sigurðr jarl jós sveininn vatni ok kallaði Hákon);

3) with acc., to bale;

ausa skip upp, to bale the ship out;

fig., ausa bát sinn, to make wetter;

4) of a horse, to kick or lash out with the hind legs.

f. ladle;

ekki er enn sopit, þó í ausuna sé komit, there’s many a slip ‘twixt the cup and lip.

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jós, josu (mod. jusu), ausit; pres. ind. eyss; subj. eysi or ysi, mod. jysi (hauriret), cp. Lat. haurio, haus-it; not found in Goth. or in Germ.

I. to sprinkle, with dat. of the liquid, and the object in acc. or with a prep.; þær taka hvern dag vatn í brunninum, ok ausa (viz. Því) upp yfir askinn, …pour it over the ash-boughs, Edda 11; ef maðr eyss eldi (fire, embers,) Grág. ii. 128; a. síld ór netjum, to empty the nets of the herrings, GÞl. 427: a. út, to pour out, fé, Grett. 126.

2. ausa moldu, to sprinkle with mould, bury; hlóðu Þeir at grjóti ok jósu at moldu, Eg. 300; er hann höfðu moldu ausit, Bjarn. II; salr ausinn moldu, his chamber sprinkled with mould (poët.), Hervar. S.; ausinn haugi, Ýt. 26.

β. ausa vatni is a standing phrase for a sort of baptism used in the last centuries, at least, of the heathen age. The child when born was sprinkled with water and named, yet without the intervention of a priest; this rite is mentioned as early as in the Hávamál, one of the very oldest mythological didactic poems on record, where it is attributed even to Odin; ef ek skal Þegn ungan verpa vatni á, if I am to throw water on a young thane, 159; Jósu vatni Jarl létu heita, Jóð ól Edda jósu vatni, hörvi svartan, hétu Þræl, Rm. 7, 31; sá var siðr göfigra manna, at vanda menn mjök til at ausa vatni ok gefa nafn; …Sigurðr jarl jós sveininn vatni ok kallaði Hákon, Hkr. i. 118; Eiríkr ok Gunnhildr áttu son er Haraldr konungr jós vatni ok gaf nafn sitt, 122; eptir um daginn jós Hákon konungr Þann svein vatni ok gaf nafn sitt, 135, Fms. i. 66, xi. 2; fæddi Þóra sveinbarn ok var Grimr nefndr er vatni var ausinn, Eb. 26; enn áttu Þau Skallagrímr son, sá var vatni ausinn ok nafn gefit ok kallaðr Egill, Eg. 146, 147, 166, Ld. 108, Gísl. 32 (of Snorre Gode); and so in many instances from Icel., Norway, and the Orkneys, all of them of the heathen age. The Christian term is skíra, q. v. 3. metaph. of scolding or abuse; hrópi ok rógi ef Þú eyss á holl regin, Ls. 4; ausa sauri á e-n, to bespatter with foul language, ausask sauri á (recipr.), Bjarn. 33; a. e-m e-u í augu upp, to throw in one’s face, Eg. 576; hann jós upp ( poured out) Þar fyrir alÞýðu öllum glæpum föður síns, Mart. 80; um verka Þann er hverr jós á annan, Bjarn. 42.

II. of a horse, to kick or lash out with his hinder feet, opp. to prjóna, to rear up and strike with the fore feet; hestrinn tók at frýsa, blása ok ausa, Greg. 49; at merrin eysi, Sturl. ii. 40 C.

III. to pump, esp. a ship, with the ship in acc.; Hallfreðr jós at sínum hlut, Fs. 113, Grett. 95 A, Fbr. 173, N. G. L. i. 102: a. bát sinn, to make water, Fms. vii. 331.

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(-ða, -ðr), v.

1) to whip, lash, prick on (hann keyrði þá hest sinn); keyra hest sporum, to put spurs to a horse;

2) to ride (keyrir síðan sem harðast til sinna manna);

3) to fling (S. bregðr honum á loft ok keyrir hann út á Rangá); keyra e-n útbyrðis, to fling overboard;

4) to drive, thrust (keyra nagla, keyra sverð í höfuð e-m); Jórunn tók sokkana ok keyrði um höfuð henni, J. struck her about the head with the stockings;

5) impers., e-n keyrir, one is driven, tossed, by the wind, waves (fundu þeir eigi fyrr en þá keyrði á land upp); e-t keyrir ór hófi, it exceeds all measure.

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ð, [Dan. kjöre], to whip, lash, prick on; hann keyrði þá hest sinn, Nj. 55; villt þú at ek keyra hest þinn? 91; k. hest sporum, Edda 38; k. jóa oddum, Hkv. 2. 38; ok hörðum mik höggum keyrði, Gkv. 1; látið þá keyra upp (whip up, raise) fólkit, Fms. vii. 182; hann hafði svipu í hendi ok keyrði hana, Sd. 185; hann stígr á stafinn ok keyrir sem börn eru vön at göra, Fms. iii. 176.

2. to drive, ride; keyrir siðan sem harðest til sinna manna, Karl. 241; keyra plóg, to drive a plough, Rm. 10.

II. to drive; höggit ok leggit til þeirra ok keyrit þá í brott héðan, Nj. 247.

2. to fling; þá greip bæjar-maðrinn Kjartan, ok keyrði í kaf, Fms. ii. 28; bregðr honum á lopt ok keyrir hann út á Rangá, Nj. 108; keyra e-n útbyrðis, to fling overboard, Fms. vi. 16: Grímr greip upp Þórð ok keyrir niðr svá hart, at hann lamdisk allr, Eg. 192.

3. to drive, thrust, of a weapon; hann keyrði til spörðu, Ó. H. 95; hann skal taka kníf þann ok keyra í gegnum hönd þess er lagði, Gþl. 165; keyra nagla, to drive a nail, Líkn. 16; prestr keyrði hæl á bjarginu ( drove a peg into the rock) ok bar á grjót, Grett. 141 A; k. sverð í höfuð e-m, Gísl. 51; fundu þeir reyði nýdauða, keyrðu í festar ( forced ropes through it) ok sigldu með, Glúm. 391; eða ek keyri öxina í höfuð þér ok klýf þik í herðar niðr, Nj. 185; Jórunn tók sokkana ok keyrði um höfuð henni, J. struck her about the head, Ld. 36.

III. impers. it drives one, i. e. one is driven, tossed by the wind, waves; lýstr vindinum í holit verplanna, ok keyrir (þá) út at virkinu, Fms. xi. 34; veðr stóð at landi, keyrir þar at skipit (acc.), Finnb. 242; keyrir skipit vestr fyrir Skálmarnes, Ld. 142; fundu þeir eigi fyrr en þá keyrði á land upp, Nj. 267: the phrase, e-ð keyrir úr hófi, it exceeds all measure, Fb. i. 417; veðrit keyrði úr hófi, it blew a violent gale: part., hreggi keyrðr, storm-beaten, Jd. 32; þjósti keyrðr, driven by anger, Glúm. (in a verse).

(pl. -ar), f. lash, thong.

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f., pl. reimar, [Germ. rieme], a lash, thong, Bjarn. 19 (of a garter = hosnareim).

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(gen. pl. augna), n.

1) eye;

lúka (bregða) upp augum, bregða augum í sundr, to open (lift up) the eyes;

lúka aptr augum, to shift the eyes;

renna (bregða, leiða) augum til e-s, to turn the eyes to;

leiða e-n augum, to measure one with the eyes;

berja augum í e-t, to take into consideration;

koma augum á e-t, to set eyes on, become aware of;

hafa auga á e-u, t have, keep, an eye upon;

segja e-t í augu upp, to one’s face, right in the face;

unna e-m sem augum í höfði sér, as one’s own eye-balls;

e-m vex e-t í augu, one has scruples about;

náit er nef augum, the nose is neighbor to the eyes;

gløggt er gests augat, a guest’s eye is sharp;

mörg eru dags augu, the day has many eyes;

eigi leyna augu, ef ann kona manni, the eyes cannot hide it if a woman loves a man;

2) hole, aperture in a needle (nálarauga), in a millstone (kvarnarauga) or an axe-head;

3) pit full of water.

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n., gen. pl. augna, [Lat. oculus, a dimin. of an obsolete ocus; Gr. οφθαλμός (Boeot. οκταλμός); Sanskr. aksha: the word is common to Sanskrit with the Slavonic, Greek, Roman, and Teutonic idioms: Goth. augo; Germ, auge; A. S. eâge; Engl. eye; Scot. ee; Swed. öga; Dan. öje, etc. Grimm s. v. suggests a relationship to Lat. acies, acutus, etc. The letter n appears in the plur. of the mod. northern languages; the Swedes say ‘ögon,’ oculi, the Danes ‘öjne;’ with the article ‘ögonen’ and ‘öjnene;’ Old Engl. ‘eyne;’ Scot. ‘een’]

I. an eye. It is used in Icel. in a great many proverbs, e. g. betr sjá augu en auga, ‘two eyes see better than one,’ i. e. it is good to yield to advice: referring to love, unir auga meðan á sér, the eye is pleased whilst it can behold (viz. the object of its affection), Fas. i. 125, cp. Völs. rím. 4. 189; eigi leyna augu, ef ann kona manni, the eyes cannot bide it, if a woman love a man, i. e. they tell their own tale, Ísl. ii. 251. This pretty proverb is an απ. λεγ. l. c. and is now out of use; it is no doubt taken from a poem in a dróttkvætt metre, (old proverbs have alliteration, but neither rhymes nor assonance, rhyming proverbs are of a comparatively late date): medic., eigi er sá heill er í augun verkir, Fbr. 75; sá drepr opt fæti ( slips) er augnanna missir, Bs. i. 742; hætt er einu auganu nema vel fari, he who has only one eye to lose will take care of it (comm.); húsbóndans auga sér bezt, the master’s eye sees best; glögt er gests augat, a guest’s eye is sharp; mörg eru dags augu, the day has many eyes, i. e. what is to be hidden must not be done in broad daylight, Hm. 81; náið er nef augum, the nose is near akin to the eyes (tua res agitur paries quum proximus ardet), Nj. 21; opt verðr slíkt á sæ, kvað selr, var skotinn í auga, this often happens at sea, quoth the seal, when he was shot in the eye, of one who is in a scrape, Fms. viii. 402. In many phrases, at unna ( to love) e-m sem augum í höfði sér, as one’s own eye-balls, Nj. 217; þótti mér slökt it sætasta ljós augna minna, by his death the sweetest light of my eyes was quenched, 187: hvert grætr þú nú Skarphéðinn? eigi er þat segir Skarphéðinn, en hitt er satt at súrnar í augum, the eyes smart from smoke, 200: renna, líta augum, to seek with the eyes, to look upon: it is used in various connections, renna, líta ástaraugum, vánaraugum, vinaraugum, trúaraugum, öfundaraugum, girndarauga, with eyes of love, hope, friendship, faith, envy, desire: mæna a. denotes an upward or praying look; stara, fixed; horfa, attentive; lygna, blundskaka, stupid or slow; blína, glápa, góna, vacant or silly; skima, wandering; hvessa augu, a threatening look; leiða e-n a., to measure one with the eyes; gjóta, or skjóta hornauga, or skjóta a. í skjálg, to throw a side glance of dislike or ill-will; gjóta augum is always in a bad sense; renna, líta mostly in a good sense: gefa e-u auga, oculum adjicere alicui; hafa auga á e-u, to keep an eye on it; segja e-m e-t í augu upp, to one’s face, Orkn. 454; at augum, adverb. with open eyes, Hervar. S. (in a verse), etc. As regards various movements of the eyes; ljúka upp augum, to open the eyes; láta aptr augun, to shut the eyes; draga auga í pung, to draw the eye into a purse, i. e. shut one eye; depla augum, to blink; at drepa titlinga (Germ. äugeln, blinzen), to wink, to kill tits with the suppressed glances of the eye; glóðarauga, a suffusion on the eye, hyposphagma; kýrauga. proptosis; vagl á auga, a beam in the eye; skjálgr, Lat. limus; ský, albugo; tekinn til augnanna, with sunken eyes, etc., Fél. ix. 192; a. bresta, in death: hafa stýrur í augum, to have prickles in the eyes, when the eyes ache for want of sleep: vatna músum, ‘to water mice,’ used esp. of children weeping silently and trying to hide their tears. As to the look or expression of the eyes there are sundry metaph. phrases, e. g. hafa fékróka í augum, to have wrinkles at the corners of the eyes, of a shrewd money getting fellow, Fms. ii. 84, cp. Orkn. 330, 188, where krókauga is a cognom.; kvenna-króka, one insinuating with the fair sex; hafa ægishjalm í augum is a metaphor of one with a piercing, commanding eye, an old mythical term for the magical power of the eye, v. Grimm’s D. Mythol. under Ægishjalmr: vera mjótt á milli augnanna, the distance between the eyes being short, is a popular saying, denoting a close, stingy man, hence mjóeygr means close: e-m vex e-t í augu (now augum), to shrink back from, of a thing waxing and growing before one’s eyes so that one dares not face it. As to the shape, colour, etc. of the eye, vide the adj. ‘eygr’ or ‘eygðr’ in its many compds. Lastly we may mention the belief, that when the water in baptism touches the eyes, the child is thereby in future life prevented from seeing ghosts or goblins, vide the words úfreskr and skygn. No spell can touch the human eye; en er harm sá augu hans (that of Loki in the shape of a bird), þá grunaði hann (the giant) at maðr mundi vera, Edda 60; í bessum birni þykist hón kenna augu Bjarnar konungs sonar, Fas. i. 51, vide Ísl. Þjóðs.

II. meton. and metaph. auga is used in a great many connections:

α. astron.; þjaza augu, the eyes of the giant Thiazi, is a constellation, probably the Dioscuri, Castor and Pollux; the story is told in the Edda 47, cp. Harbarðsljóð 19; (Snorri attributes it to Odin, the poem to Thor.)

β. botan., auga = Lat. gemma, Hjalt. 38; kattarauga, cat’s eye, is the flower forget-me-not.

γ. the spots that form the numbers on dice, Magn. 530.

δ. the hole in a millstone; kvarnarauga, Edda 79, 221, Hkr. i. 121: the opening into which an axe handle is fastened, Sturl. ii. 91: a pit full of water, Fs. 45: nálarauga, a needle’s eye: vindauga, wind’s eye or window (which orig. had no glass in it), A. S. eag-dura (eye-door); also gluggi, q. v.: gleraugu, spectacles.

ε. anatom., the pan of the hip joint, v. augnakarl, Fms. iii. 392: gagnaugu, temples.

ζ. hafsauga, the bottom of the ocean, in the popular phrase, fara út í hafsauga, descendere ad tartara.

η. poët. the sun is called heimsauga, dagsauga, Jónas 119.

COMPDS either with sing. auga or pl. augna; in the latter case mod. usage sometimes drops the connecting vowel a, e. g. augn-dapr, augn-depra, augn-fagr, etc. auga-bragð (augna-), n. the twinkling of an eye, Hm. 77; á einu a., in the twinkling of an eye, Ver. 32, Edda (pref.) 146, Sks. 559, Rb. 568: a glance, look, snart a., Fms. ii. 174; mikit a., v. 335; úfagrligt a., Fs. 43; hafa a. af e-u, to cast a look at, Fbr. 49, Fms. xi. 424: in the phrase, at hafa e-n (or verða) at augabragði, metaph. to make sport of, to mock, deride, gaze at, Stj. 627, 567, Hm. 5, 29. auga-brun, f. the eye-brow. auga-staðr, m. an eye-mark; hafa a. á e-u, to mark with the eye. auga-steinn (augna-), m. the eye-ball, Hkr. iii. 365, Fms. v. 152. augna-bending, f. a warning glance, Pr. 452. augna-blik, n. mod. = augnabragð, s. augna-bólga, u, f. ophthalmia. augna-brá, f. the eye-lid, D. N. i. 216. augna-fagr and aug-fagr, adj. fair-eyed, Fas. ii. 365, Fms. v. 200. augna-fró, f. a plant, eye-bright, euphrasia, also augna-gras, Hjalt. 231. augna-fræ, n. lychnis alpina. augna-gaman, n. a sport, delight for the eyes to gaze at, Ld. 202, Bær. 17, Fsm. 5 (love, sweetheart). augna-gróm, n. (medic.) a spot in the eye; metaph., ekki a., no mere speck, of whatever can easily be seen. augna-hár, n. an eye-lash. augna-hvannr, m. the eye-lid. augna-hvita, u, f. albugo. augna-karl, n. the pan of the hip joint; slíta or slitna or augnaköllunum, Fas. iii. 392. augna-kast, n. a wild glance, Barl. 167. augna-kláði, a, m. psorophthalmi. augna-krókr, n. the corner of the eye. augna-lag, n. a look, Ld. 154. augna-lok, n. ‘eye-covers,’ eye-lids. augna-mein, n. a disease of the eye. augna-mjörkvi, a, m. dimness of the eye, Pr. 471. augna-ráð, n. expression of the eye. augna-skot, n. a look askance, Gþl. 286, Fs. 44 (of cats). augna-slím, n. glaucoma. augna-staðr, m. the socket of the eye, Magn. 532. augna-sveinn, m. a lad leading a blind man, Str. 46. augn-tepra, u, f. hippus. augna-topt, f. the socket of the eye. augna-verkr, m. pain in the eye, Hkr. ii. 257, Bs. i. 451, Pr. 471, Bjarn. 58. augna-vik, n. pl. = augnakrókr. augna-þungi, a, m. heaviness of the eye, Hkr. ii. 257.

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(eys, jós, jósum, ausinn), v.

1) to sprinkle, pour, with dat.;

þær taka hvern dag vatn í brunninum ok ausa (viz. því) upp yfir askinn, pour it over the ash-tree;

ausa síld ór netjum, to empty the nets of the herrings;

fig., ausa sauri á e-n, to bespatter with abuse;

ausa e-m e-u í augu upp, to throw … in one’s face;

2) ausa e-n (or e-t) e-u, to besprinkle with a thing;

ausa e-n moldu, to sprinkle with earth, to bury;

ausa barn vatni, a sort of baptism in the heathen age (Sigurðr jarl jós sveininn vatni ok kallaði Hákon);

3) with acc., to bale;

ausa skip upp, to bale the ship out;

fig., ausa bát sinn, to make wetter;

4) of a horse, to kick or lash out with the hind legs.

f. ladle;

ekki er enn sopit, þó í ausuna sé komit, there’s many a slip ‘twixt the cup and lip.

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u, f. a ladle, ekki er sopið kálið Þó í ausuna sé komit (a proverb), many a slip ‘twixt the cup and the lip, Grett. 132, Þórð. 51.

1) sharp, keen (h. knífr, hvössøxi, hvasst vápn); pointed, tapering (h. hjálmr);

2) fig., of the intellect, keen (hvasst næmi); of the eyes or sight (hvöss augu, hvöss sjón);

3) sharp, acute; hvasst hljód, a sharp sound;

4) of wind, sharp, fresh (h. byrr, hvasst veðr, andviðri).

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adj., hvöss, hvasst, gen. pl. hvassa, Sdm. 20; [the Goth. form is supposed to be hwass, cp. hivassaba, Tit. i. 13, and hwassei = ἀποτομία, Rom. xi. 22; cp. hvessa, hvetja, hvatr, as well as O. H. G. hwassi, which seem to be kindred words]:—pointed, tapering; hvass hjálmr eða kuml, Sks. 167; hvasst niðr sem hæll, id.; með hvössu enni, 170; hvöss vörr, Sturl. ii. (in a verse); hvass hringr, Fms. v. 343; hvass þyrnir, sharp thorns.

2. sharp, keen, whetted, of edged tools; öngull sá enn hvassi, Niðrst. 3; hvasst vápn, Grett. 137; hvassan kníf, 91; hvasst sverð, Barl. 155; h. hjörr, Fm. 6; odd-hvass, pointed; egg-hvass, q. v.

II. metaph. of intellect, keen; hvasst næmi, Bs. i. 235; hvass í skilningi, 681; hvass í hugskoti. Hom.; hygginn ok hvass, id.

2. of the eyes or sight; hvöss augu, Sks. 170, Skáld 160, Ó. H. 109, Hkv. 2. 2; hvöss sjón, a keen sight; hvassar sjónir, piercing eyes, Sighvat; hvassir geislar, sharp beams of light, MS. 732. 17.

3. sharp, acute; hvöss hljóðs grein, a sharp sound, Skálda 175, 179; hvasst hljóð, 160, 169; hvöss samstafa, 175.

4. of wind, sharp, fresh; hvasst veðr, Eg. 99; veðr var miklu hvassara, 196; hvöss sunnan veðr, Fms. vii. 310; hvasst andviðri, Eg. 87; hvass byrr, Fms. i. 165; h. útnyrðingr, hann er hvass á sunnan, það er hvasst, hann (the wind) er hvass, etc., passim; hvassir straumar, Sks. 14 new Ed.: neut. hvasst, blowing hard; þeir höfðu hvasst mjök á firðinum, Háv. 26, 42 new Ed.: freq. in mod. usage, æði-hvass, blowing very hard; bál-hvass, blowing a gale (so as to lash the sea into tongues like flame).

5. sharp fighting, Korm., Hkv. 2. 10, Lex. Poët.; hvassir menn, Fms. v. 137; kveðsk mundu fá honum annan hest, ef nokkurir væri hvassari en sjá, Rd. 298, of a horse.

6. neut. precisely; ekki hvasst umhyggju-laust, Fms. vi. 204; þat verðr hvasst ( precisely) tveir hlutir átjándu álnar, N. G. L. i. 78; þá taka hvárir eigi hvasst ( not quite) sjau penninga, 107: in poets, ríða, ganga, sigla, líða, skjóta hvasst, to ride, walk, sail, shoot fast, Lex. Poët.; bita hvassara, to eat heartily, Þkv. 25.

7. coarse; hvassar hosur, Karl. 363, (rare.)

COMPDS: hvasseygr, hvassfleygr, hvasskömbóttr, hvassleikr, hvassleitr, hvassliga, hvassligr, hvassnefjaðr, hvassoddaðr, hvassorðr, hvasstenntr, hvassviðri, hvassögnóttr.

u, f. an iron lash, Clem. 57, 656 C. 36.

(-s, -ar), m.

1) knob (staf íhendi ok knapp á); ríða knapp á, to furnish a thing with a knob;

2) stud, button (með knappi ok nezlu).

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m., mod. hnappr, [A. S. cnæp; Engl. knop (Chaucer), later knob; Germ. knopf; Dutch knop]:—a knob; staf í hendi ok knapp á, Þorf. Karl. 374; the knob or head of a pole or the like, Fms. viii. 428; þá skýfðu þegar knappinn or hrips-grindinni. Lv. 65; stöng mikil upp ór ok knappr á ór gulli, Fb. ii. 128; upp af hornstöfunum vóru stórir knappar af eiri görvir, 297; á ofanverðri þeirri stöng er einn mikill gullknappr, Þiðr, 189; stöng gulli búin upp at knöppunum, id.; hringr eða knappr, Grág. ii. 232: the phrase, gefa frelsi frá horni ok knappi, from the clasp and neck-collar being a badge of servitude, N. G. L. i. 228; ríða knapp á e-t, to furnish a thing with the knob, i. e. finish it, Ísl. ii. 102.

2. a stud, button; kjafal kneppt saman milli fóta með knappi ok nezlu, Þorf. Karl. 412. knappa-svipa, u, f. a kind of lash = Russ. knut, Bs. ii. 10.

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(að), v.

1) to move swiftly, of a sudden but noiseless motion (fugl einn fló inn um glugginn ok svipaði um húsit);

2) refl., svipast at e-u or eptir e-u, to look after (s. at hrossum); s. um, to look around (svipuðust menn um ok fannst hann eigi í liðinu).

(að), v. to whip, horsewhip.

f. whip (hann hafði svipu í hendi ok keyrði hana).

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u, f. a whip; berja með svipum, Stj. 578, MS. 623. 12; hann hafði svipu í hendi ok keyrði hana, Sd. 185: esp. a horse-whip, svipu-ól, svipu-skapt, the lash, handle of a whip. svipu-leikr, m. a play, ‘swoop-game,’ perh. it should be sviðu-leikr (sviþu-leikr, p having crept in for þ), Fms. iii. 193, 196.

II. gramm. a polysyndeton; svipa heitir þat ef fleiri sann-kenningar heyra einum hlut, Skálda 193.

(hrøkk; hrökk, hrukkum; hrokkinn), v.

1) to fall back, recoil, be repelled;

hrøkkva frá, to shrink back;

hrøkkva fyrir e-m, to give way before one (gekk konungr svá hart fram, at allt hrökk fyrir honum);

hrøkkva undan, to give way, draw back, retreat (hrukku Baglar þá undan);

hrøkkva við, to stand at bay, make a stand (verðr Sigvaldi nú við at hrøkkva);

2) to curl, of hair (hann hafði gult hár, ok hrökk mjök);

3) to suffice.

(-ta, -tr), v.

1) hrøkkva e-u um e-t, to lash (switch) with a thing;

beit eigi heldr á en tálknskíði (a piece of whalebone) væri hrøkt um;

2) to spur or whip a horse (eptir þat hrøkti hann hestinn);

3) refl., hrøkkvast, to coil, wriggle, of a snake (undan honum hrøktist ein naðra at Oddi);

hrøkkvast aptr, to turn back (G. reið síðastr ok skyldi geyma, at engir hrøktist aptr).

n. lash.