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1 Konstantin
Общая лексика: Константин -
2 Konstantin Stanislavsky
s.Constantin Stanislavski, Constantin Stanislavsky, Konstantin Stanislavsky. -
3 Konstantin Balmont
Имена и фамилии: Константин Бальмонт -
4 Konstantin Batyushkov
Имена и фамилии: Константин Батюшков -
5 Konstantin Korovin
Имена и фамилии: Константин Коровин -
6 Konstantin Makovsky
Имена и фамилии: Константин Маковский -
7 Konstantin Balmont
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8 Konstantin Batyushkov
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9 Konstantin Korovin
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10 Konstantin Makovsky
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11 Ziolkowski, Konstantin Eduardovich
See: Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin EduardovichBiographical history of technology > Ziolkowski, Konstantin Eduardovich
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12 Tsiolkovsky (Ziolkowski), Konstantin Eduardovich
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 17 September 1857 (5 September 1857, Old Style) Izhevskoye, Russiad. 19 September 1935 Kaluga, Russia.[br]Russian pioneer space theorist.[br]The son of a Polish lumberjack who had settled in Russia, Tsiolkovsky was a largely self-educated schoolteacher who was practically deaf from childhood. In spite of this handicap, he studied the problems of space and spaceflight and arrived at most of the correct theoretical solutions. In 1883 he noted that the gas escaping from a vehicle moving into space would drive the containing vehicle away from it. He wrote a remarkable series of technical articles and papers including, in 1903, a seminal article, "Exploration of Space with Reactive Devices". His aerodynamic experiments did not receive any significant recognition from the Academy of Sciences, and his design for an all-metal dirigible was largely ignored at the 1914 Aeronautics Congress in St Petersburg. However, from the inception of the Soviet Union until his death, Tsiolkovsky continued his research with state support, and on 9 November 1921 he was granted a pension for life by the Council of the People's Commissars. He has rightly been described as the "Grandfather of Spaceflight" and as a fine theoretical engineer who established most of the principles upon which rocket technology is based.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsElected to the Socialist Academy (later the Academy of Sciences of the USSR) 1919.Further ReadingT.Osman, 1983, Space History, London: Michael Joseph.R.Spangenburg and D.Moser, 1990, Space People, New York: Facts on File.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Tsiolkovsky (Ziolkowski), Konstantin Eduardovich
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13 Constantinus Magnus
Konstantin den store (romersk kejsare) -
14 farmer
['fɑːmə]1) Общая лексика: арендатор, болван, земледелец, крестьянин, простофиля, фермер, хозяева, хозяин, арендатор (земли), откупщик2) История: помещик (As Konstantin Levin, the virtuous farmer of Anna Karenina, whom Tolstoy put perhaps most of himself into, finds, it was almost impossible to bridge the gap between the nobility and the peasantry.)3) Юридический термин: лицо, берущее детей на воспитание (за плату), лицо, берущее за плату детей на воспитание, лицо, берущее на воспитание детей (за плату)4) Бухгалтерия: землевладелец5) Сленг: неумный, плохо воспитанный6) Нефть: арендодатель7) Деловая лексика: сельский хозяин -
15 Constantine
[kɔnstəntain]proper nameKonstantin -
16 St Constantinus-Cyril and Methodius
sv Konstantin-Ćiril i MetodEnglish-Croatian dictionary > St Constantinus-Cyril and Methodius
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17 Aerospace
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Caproni, Giovanni BattistaDassault, MarcelGiffard, Baptiste Henry JacquesJohnson, Clarence LeonardKorolov, Sergei PavlovichSopwith, Sir Thomas Octave MurdochTsiolkovsky, Konstantin Eduardovich -
18 Korolov (Korolyev), Sergei Pavlovich
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 12 January 1907 (30 December 1906 Old Style) Zhitomir, Ukrained. 14 January 1966 Moscow, Russia[br]Russian engineer and designer of air-and spacecraft.[br]His early life was spent in the Ukraine and he then studied at Tupolev's aeroplane institute in Moscow. In the mid-1930s, just before his thirtieth birthday, he joined the GIRD (Group Studying Rocket Propulsion) under Frederick Zander, a Latvian engineer, while earning a living designing aircraft in Tupolev's bureau. In 1934 he visited Konstantin Tsiolovsky. Soon after this, under the Soviet Armaments Minister, Mikhail N.Tukhachevsky, who was in favour of rocket weapons, financial support was available for the GIRD and Korolov was appointed General-Engineer (1-star) in the Soviet Army. In June 1937 the Armaments Minister and his whole staff were arrested under Stalin, but Korolov was saved by Tupolev and sent to a sharaska, or prison, near Moscow where he worked for four years on rocket-and jet-propelled aircraft, among other things. In 1946 he went with his superior, Valentin Glushko, to Germany where he watched the British test-firing of possibly three V-2s at Altenwaide, near Cuxhaven, in "Operation Backfire". They were not allowed within the wire enclosure. He remained in Germany to supervise the shipment of V-2 equipment and staff to Russia (it is possible that he underwent a second term of imprisonment from 1948), the Germans having been arrested in October 1946. He kept working in Russia until 1950 or the following year. He supervised the first Russian ballistic missile, R-1, in late 1947. Stalin died in 1953 and Korolov was rehabilitated, but freedom under Nikita Kruschev was almost as restrictive as imprisonment under Stalin. Kruschev would only refer to him as "the Chief Designer", never naming him, and would not let him go abroad or correspond with other rocket experts in the USA or Germany. Anything he published could only be under the name "Sergeyev". He continued to work on his R-7 without the approval that he sought for a satellite project. This was known as semyorka, or "old number seven". In January 1959 he added a booster stage to semyorka. He may have suffered confinement in the infamous Kolyma Gulag around this time. He designed all the Sputnik, Vostok and some of the Voshkod units and worked on the Proton space booster. In 1966 he underwent surgery performed by Dr Boris Petrovsky, then Soviet Minister of Health, for the removal, it is said, of tumours of the colon. In spite of the assistance of Dr Aleksandr Vishaevsky he bled to death on the operating table. The first moon landing (by robot) took place three weeks after his death and the first flight of the new Soyuz spacecraft a little later.[br]Further ReadingY.Golanov, 1975, Sergey Korolev. The Appren-ticeship of a Space Pioneer, Moscow: Mir.A.Romanov, 1976, Spacecraft Designers, Moscow: Novosti Press Agency. J.E.Oberg, 1981, Red Star in Orbit, New York: Random House.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Korolov (Korolyev), Sergei Pavlovich
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19 Oberth, Hermann Julius
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 25 June 1894 Nagyszeben, Transylvania (now Sibiu, Romania)d. 29 December 1989 Nuremberg, Germany[br]Austro-Hungarian lecturer who is usually regarded, with Robert Goddard, as one of the "fathers" of modern astronautics.[br]The son of a physician, Oberth originally studied medicine in Munich, but his education was interrupted by the First World War and service in the Austro-Hungarian Army. Wounded, he passed the time by studying astronautics. He apparently simulated weightlessness and worked out the design for a long-range liquid-propelled rocket, but his ideas were rejected by the War Office; after the war he submitted them as a dissertation for a PhD at Heidelberg University, but this was also rejected. Consequently, in 1923, whilst still an unknown mathematics teacher, he published his ideas at his own expense in the book The Rocket into Interplanetary Space. These included a description of how rockets could achieve a sufficient velocity to escape the gravitational field of the earth. As a result he gained international prestige almost overnight and learned of the work of Robert Goddard and Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. After correspondence with the Goddard and Tsiolkovsky, Oberth published a further work in 1929, The Road to Space Travel, in which he acknowledged the priority of Goddard's and Tsiolkovski's calculations relating to space travel; he went on to anticipate by more than thirty years the development of electric and ionic propulsion and to propose the use of giant mirrors to control the weather. For this he was awarded the annual Hirsch Prize of 10,000 francs. From 1925 to 1938 he taught at a college in Mediasch, Transylvania, where he carried out experiments with petroleum and liquid-air rockets. He then obtained a lecturing post at Vienna Technical University, moving two years later to Dresden University and becoming a German citizen. In 1941 he became assistant to the German rocket engineer Werner von Braun at the rocket development centre at Peenemünde, and in 1943 he began work on solid propellants. After the Second World War he spent a year in Switzerland as a consultant, then in 1950 he moved to Italy to develop solid-propellant anti-aircraft rockets for the Italian Navy. Five years later he moved to the USA to carry out advanced rocket research for the US Army at Huntsville, Alabama, and in 1958 he retired to Feucht, near Nuremberg, Germany, where he wrote his autobiography.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFrench Astronautical Society REP-Hirsch Prize 1929. German Society for Space Research Medal 1950. Diesel German Inventors Medal 1954. American Astronautical Society Award 1955. German Federal Republic Award 1961. Institute of Aviation and Astronautics Medal 1969.Bibliography1923, Die Rakete zu den Planetenraumen; repub. 1934 as The Rocket into Interplanetary Space (autobiography).1929, Wege zur Raumschiffahrt [Road to Space Travel].1959, Stoff und Leben [Material and Life].Further ReadingR.Spangenburg and D.Moser, 1990, Space People from A to Z, New York: Facts on File. H.Wulforst, 1991, The Rocketmakers: The Dreamers who made Spaceflight a Reality, New York: Crown Publishers.KF / IMcN
См. также в других словарях:
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Konstantin I. — Konstantin I. bezeichnet folgende Personen: Konstantin der Große (* zwischen 272 und 285; † 337), römischer Kaiser Konstantin I. (Patriarch), Patriarch von Konstantinopel Konstantin I. (Papst) († 715), Papst Konstantin I. (Schottland) (836–877),… … Deutsch Wikipedia
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Konstantin — Konstàntin DEFINICIJA 1. v. 2. ime dvanaestorice bizantskih careva (3 15. st.), dva grčka kralja (19 20. st.), dvojice papa (8 9. st.), tri škotska kralja (9 10. st.), jednog ruskog kneza (18 19. st.) 3. v. Ćiril (3) 4. I Veliki (o.285 337),… … Hrvatski jezični portal
Konstantin — (Konstantinos), s. Constantin … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Konstantin — Konstantin, Kronprinz von Griechenland, Herzog von Sparta, geb. 2. Aug. 1868 zu Athen, ältester Sohn des Königs Georg, führte im Griech. Türk. Kriege 1897 den Oberbefehl, seitdem mit der Reorganisation des Heers beschäftigt, vermählt 27. Okt.… … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
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