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1 Braun
Braun -
2 Braun
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3 Braun
(Surnames) Braun /brɔ:n/ -
4 Braun
Математика: Браун -
5 braun
Математика: Браун -
6 braun
தசைபலம் -
7 Braun-Blanquet method
Braun-Blanquetova metoda -
8 Braun tube
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9 Braun oscillograph
English-German dictionary of Electrical Engineering and Electronics > Braun oscillograph
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10 Braun tube
English-German dictionary of Electrical Engineering and Electronics > Braun tube
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11 Braun, Wernher Manfred von
[br]b. 23 March 1912 Wirsitz, Germanyd. 16 June 1977 Alexandria, Virginia, USA[br]German pioneer in rocket development.[br]Von Braun's mother was an amateur astronomer who introduced him to the futuristic books of Jules Verne and H.G.Wells and gave him an astronomical telescope. He was a rather slack and undisciplined schoolboy until he came across Herman Oberth's book By Rocket to Interplanetary Space. He discovered that he required a good deal of mathematics to follow this exhilarating subject and immediately became an enthusiastic student.The Head of the Ballistics and Armaments branch of the German Army, Professor Karl Becker, had asked the engineer Walter Dornberger to develop a solid-fuel rocket system for short-range attack, and one using liquid-fuel rockets to carry bigger loads of explosives beyond the range of any known gun. Von Braun joined the Verein für Raumschiffsfahrt (the German Space Society) as a young man and soon became a leading member. He was asked by Rudolf Nebel, VfR's chief, to persuade the army of the value of rockets as weapons. Von Braun wisely avoided all mention of the possibility of space flight and some financial backing was assured. Dornberger in 1932 built a small test stand for liquid-fuel rockets and von Braun built a small rocket to test it; the success of this trial won over Dornberger to space rocketry.Initially research was carried out at Kummersdorf, a suburb of Berlin, but it was decided that this was not a suitable site. Von Braun recalled holidays as a boy at a resort on the Baltic, Peenemünde, which was ideally suited to rocket testing. Work started there but was not completed until August 1939, when the group of eighty engineers and scientists moved in. A great fillip to rocket research was received when Hitler was shown a film and was persuaded of the efficacy of rockets as weapons of war. A factory was set up in excavated tunnels at Mittelwerk in the Harz mountains. Around 6,000 "vengeance" weapons were built, some 3,000 of which were fired on targets in Britain and 2,000 of which were still in storage at the end of the Second World War.Peenemünde was taken by the Russians on 5 May 1945, but by then von Braun was lodging with many of his colleagues at an inn, Haus Ingeburg, near Oberjoch. They gave themselves up to the Americans, and von Braun presented a "prospectus" to the Americans, pointing out how useful the German rocket team could be. In "Operation Paperclip" some 100 of the team were moved to the United States, together with tons of drawings and a number of rocket missiles. Von Braun worked from 1946 at the White Sands Proving Ground, New Mexico, and in 1950 moved to Redstone Arsenal, Huntsville, Alabama. In 1953 he produced the Redstone missile, in effect a V2 adapted to carry a nuclear warhead a distance of 320 km (199 miles). The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was formed in 1958 and recruited von Braun and his team. He was responsible for the design of the Redstone launch vehicles which launched the first US satellite, Explorer 1, in 1958, and the Mercury capsules of the US manned spaceflight programme which carried Alan Shepard briefly into space in 1961 and John Glenn into earth orbit in 1962. He was also responsible for the Saturn series of large, staged launch vehicles, which culminated in the Saturn V rocket which launched the Apollo missions taking US astronauts for the first human landing on the moon in 1969. Von Braun announced his resignation from NASA in 1972 and died five years later.[br]Bibliography1981, with F.L.Ordway, History of Rocketry and Space TravelFurther ReadingP.Marsh, 1985, The Space Business, Penguin. J.Trux, 1985, The Space Race, New English Library. T.Osman, 1983, Space History, Michael Joseph.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Braun, Wernher Manfred von
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12 Braun's frame
s.armazón de Braun, tablilla de Braun. -
13 Braun's splint
s.armazón de Braun, tablilla de Braun. -
14 Braun, Karl Ferdinand
[br]b. 6 June 1850 Fulda, Hesse, Germanyd. 20 April 1918 New York City, New York, USA[br]German physicist who shared with Marconi the 1909 Nobel Prize for Physics for developments in wireless telegraphy; inventor of the cathode ray oscilloscope.[br]After obtaining degrees from the universities of Marburg and Berlin (PhD) and spending a short time as Headmaster of the Thomas School in Berlin, Braun successively held professorships in theoretical physics at the universities of Marburg (1876), Strasbourg (1880) and Karlsruhe (1883) before becoming Professor of Experimental Physics at Tübingen in 1885 and Director and Professor of Physics at Strasbourg in 1895.During this time he devised experimental apparatus to determine the dielectric constant of rock salt and developed the Braun high-tension electrometer. He also discovered that certain mineral sulphide crystals would only conduct electricity in one direction, a rectification effect that made it possible to detect and demodulate radio signals in a more reliable manner than was possible with the coherer. Primarily, however, he was concerned with improving Marconi's radio transmitter to increase its broadcasting range. By using a transmitter circuit comprising a capacitor and a spark-gap, coupled to an aerial without a spark-gap, he was able to obtain much greater oscillatory currents in the latter, and by tuning the transmitter so that the oscillations occupied only a narrow frequency band he reduced the interference with other transmitters. Other achievements include the development of a directional aerial and the first practical wavemeter, and the measurement in Strasbourg of the strength of radio waves received from the Eiffel Tower transmitter in Paris. For all this work he subsequently shared with Marconi the 1909 Nobel Prize for Physics.Around 1895 he carried out experiments using a torsion balance in order to measure the universal gravitational constant, g, but the work for which he is probably best known is the addition of deflecting plates and a fluorescent screen to the Crooke's tube in 1897 in order to study the characteristics of high-frequency currents. The oscilloscope, as it was called, was not only the basis of a now widely used and highly versatile test instrument but was the forerunner of the cathode ray tube, or CRT, used for the display of radar and television images.At the beginning of the First World War, while in New York to testify in a patent suit, he was trapped by the entry of the USA into the war and remained in Brooklyn with his son until his death.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Physics (jointly with Marconi) 1909.Bibliography1874, "Assymetrical conduction of certain metal sulphides", Pogg. Annal. 153:556 (provides an account of the discovery of the crystal rectifier).1897, "On a method for the demonstration and study of currents varying with time", Wiedemann's Annalen 60:552 (his description of the cathode ray oscilloscope as a measuring tool).Further ReadingK.Schlesinger \& E.G.Ramberg, 1962, "Beamdeflection and photo-devices", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 50, 991.KF -
15 Braun's canal
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16 Braun-Fernwald sign
s.signo de Braun-Fernwald. -
17 Braun-Husler test
s.prueba de Braun-Husler. -
18 Braun's anastomosis
s.anastomosis de Braun. -
19 Braun's canal
s.conducto de Braun. -
20 Braun's hook
s.gancho de Braun.
См. также в других словарях:
Braun — is a common surname, originating from the German word for the color brown. The name is the 22nd most common family name in Germany. Many German emigrants to the United States also changed their name to Brown ( see Brown (surname) ).In German,… … Wikipedia
Braun — GmbH Год основания … Википедия
braun — [brau̮n] <Adj.>: a) von der Farbe feuchter Erde: braunes Haar haben; das Kleid ist braun. Syn.: ↑ bräunlich. Zus.: dunkelbraun, hellbraun, nussbraun, rotbraun. b) von der Sonne gebräunt: im Urlaub ganz braun werden; braun gebrannt kam sie… … Universal-Lexikon
Braun — Braun, er, ste, nicht, wie oft im gemeinen Leben, bräuner, bräunste, adj. et adv. welches der Nahme einer dunkeln Farbe ist, die oft aus der Vermischung von schwarz und roth entstehet. Ein braunes Pferd; im gemeinen Leben ein Brauner. Braune… … Grammatisch-kritisches Wörterbuch der Hochdeutschen Mundart
BRAUN (M. B.) — BRAUN MATHIAS BERNARD (1684 1738) Mathias Bernard Braun est, avec Brokoff, dont il se trouve pratiquement le contemporain, le plus important sculpteur tchèque du premier tiers du XVIIIe siècle. Tyrolien d’origine, il s’installe à Prague autour de … Encyclopédie Universelle
Braun — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda El nombre Braun puede tener los siguientes significados: Personas Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Braun, botánico Wernher von Braun, ingeniero espacial Empresas Braun GmbH, empresa alemana de pequeños electrodomésticos B.… … Wikipedia Español
Braun — Braun, Karl Ferdinand Braun, Wernher von Braun, tubo de * * * (as used in expressions) Braun, Eva Braun, Wernher von Sanford Braun … Enciclopedia Universal
braun — Adj std. (9. Jh., wormbrun 8. Jh.), mhd. brūn, ahd. brūn, as. brūn Stammwort. Aus g. * brūna Adj. braun , auch in anord. brúnn, ae. brūn, afr. brūn; dieses aus ig. (eur.) * bhrūno braun , auch in gr. phrỹnos m., phrýnē f. Kröte, Frosch (wenn nach … Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen sprache
braun — braun, brauner / bräuner, braunst / bräunst ; Adj; 1 von der Farbe, die Schokolade und Erde haben: braune Augen haben || K: dunkelbraun, kakaobraun, rotbraun, schwarzbraun 2 von relativ dunkler Hautfarbe (weil man lange in der Sonne war) ↔ blass … Langenscheidt Großwörterbuch Deutsch als Fremdsprache
Braun FK — (E 154) ist ein gelblich braunes Gemisch von sechs verschiedenen Azofarbstoffen. Es darf ausschließlich für die Färbung von geräucherten Heringen eingesetzt werden, wie es traditionell in Großbritannien geschieht. In Tierversuchen wurden… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Braun [2] — Braun, 1) Heinrich, bayr. Schulreformator, geb. 17. März 1732 in Trostberg (Oberbayern), gest. 8. Nov. 1792 in München, besuchte Schule und Universität zu Salzburg und trat 1750 in das Benediktinerkloster Tegernsee, wo er, wie in Kloster Rott,… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
