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  • 61 Whig party

    [wɪgˊpɑ:rtɪ] ист. партия вигов, политическая партия, возникшая в США в 1830-е гг. в качестве оппозиции президенту Э. Джексону и партии демократов. Виги выступали за протекционистские тарифы, национальную банковскую систему, оказание федеральной помощи внутреннему развитию. В числе наиболее известных вигов были сенаторы Генри Клей [*Clay, Henry] и Дэниэл Уэбстер [*Webster, Daniel] и четыре президента: Уильям Гаррисон [*Harrison, William Henry], Джон Тайлер [*Tyler, John], Захария Тейлор [*Taylor, Zachary] и Миллард Филмор [*Fillmore, Millard]. В 1850-х гг. произошёл раскол партии по вопросу о рабовладении, некоторые виги вошли в Респ. партию

    США. Лингвострановедческий англо-русский словарь > Whig party

  • 62 Allen, Fred

    1896-1955
       Montador desde 1914, inicialmente para Mack Sennett y mas tarde para Harry Joe Brown Pro ductions y Charles Rogers Productions, es responsable, como director, de siete peliculas, todas ellas westerns, cinco de las cuales pertenecen a la serie del popular Tom Keene para Radio Pictures.
        Freighters of Destiny (La ultima emboscada). 1931. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tom Keene, Barbara Kent.
        Partners. 1932. 58 min. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tom Keene, Nancy Drexel. The Saddle Buster (El domador de potros). 1932. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tom Keene, Helen Foster.
        Ghost Valley (El valle de los fantasmas). 1932. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tom Keene, Kate Campbell.
        Ride Him, Cowboy. 1932. 55 minutos. Blanco y Negro. WB. John Wayne, Ruth Hall.
        Beyond the Rockies (La amazona de las rocas). 1932. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tom Keene, Rochelle Hudson.
        The Mysterious Rider (El jinete alado). 1933. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. Kent Taylor, Lona Andre, Gail Patrick, Irving Pichel.

    English-Spanish dictionary of western films > Allen, Fred

  • 63 Borzage, Frank

    1893-1962
       Borzage es uno de los indiscutibles reyes del melodrama con una amplia y estimulante obra que, entre 1913 y 1960, cubre igualmente otros generos, incluido el musical. Nacido en Salt Lake City, fue actor de teatro desde 1907; despues, en 1912, se incorpora, tambien como actor, a un naciente Hollywood de la mano de Thomas H. Ince. En 1916, sin abandonar su tarea de actor, empieza a dirigir. En esos comienzos, y hasta 1922, mostrara cierto interes por el western, que perdera de inmediato para consagrarse, preferentemente, al melodrama. El y John M. Stahl son, sin lugar a dudas, los reyes de este genero en los anos 30. Secretos es una pelicula cuya adscripcion al westen no suscita, precisamente, unanimidades. Billy el Nino, por su parte, una de las varias peliculas consagradas a plasmar, de manera mas o menos fiel, la figura del forajido de la frontera, aparece oficialmente dirigida por David Miller.
        Secrets (Secretos). 1933. 90 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Mary Pickford Productions (UA). Mary Pickford, Leslie Howard, C. Aubrey Smith.
        Billy the Kid (Billy el nino) (co-d.: David Miller). 1941. 95 minutos. Technicolor. MGM. Robert Taylor, Brian Donlevy, Ian Hunter.

    English-Spanish dictionary of western films > Borzage, Frank

  • 64 Brooks, Richard

    1912-1992
       Procedente del periodismo, especialmente radiofonico, llega a Hollywood en los anos 40 como guionista de peliculas de serie B. La primera en que figura acreditado es, precisamente, un western, Men of Texas (Ray Enright, 1942). Algo mas tarde escribe alguna de prestigio, como Key Largo (Cayo Largo, John Huston, 1948), antes de debutar como director en 1950 con Crisis, un drama politico situado en un pais centroamericano supuesto. Realizador de prestigio, se especializo en adaptaciones literarias (F. Scott Fitzgerald, Tennessee Williams, Fiodor Dos toievski, Truman Capote, Joseph Conrad…), mostrando siempre buen pulso narrativo. Sus tres westerns son especiales por el fondo y por la forma; tres estimables peliculas, llenas de interesantes sugerencias, que, como los buenos vinos, mejoran con el tiempo. Separadas cada una de ellas de la anterior por una decada, sorprende su unidad conceptual. En todas ellas nos topamos con un irreversible desen canto existencial, que les imprime cierto toque poetico. Se anoran viejos tiempos, aquellos en que eramos mas jovenes y creiamos en nuestra capacidad para transformar el mundo. Tres westerns modelicos, muy actuales, llenos de sugerencias y, sobre todo, radicalmente iconoclastas.
        The Last Hunt. 1956. 108 minutos. Eastmancolor. CinemaScope. MGM. Stewart Granger, Robert Taylor, Lloyd Nolan, Debra Paget.
        The Professionals (Los profesionales). 1966. 116 minutos. Technicolor. Panavision. Pax Enterprises (Columbia). Burt Lancaster, Lee Marvin, Robert Ryan, Claudia Cardinale, Jack Palance.
        Bite the Bullet (Muerde la bala). 1975. 131 minutos. Metrocolor. Persky- Bright/Vista Feature (Columbia). Gene Hackman, James Coburn, Candice Bergen.

    English-Spanish dictionary of western films > Brooks, Richard

  • 65 Curtiz, Michael

    1886-1962
       Michael Curtiz siempre sera el director de Casablanca, pero es mucho mas que eso. Es un director que asociamos a Warner Bros, que se atrevio con todo y que raramente defraudo, ni en peliculas musicales ni en filmes de aventuras ni en melodramas romanticos ni en largometrajes de accion. Tampoco, desde luego, en sus westerns, un punado de selectas realizaciones por las que parece no pasar el tiempo. Este hungaro perspicaz y concienzudo fue, con toda seguridad, el director, junto a Raoul Walsh, que mejor partido supo sacar del discutible actor Errol Flynn. Con el como protagonista, realiza su famosa trilogia, impropiamente llamada “de las ciudades”, compuesta por Dodge, ciudad sin ley, Oro, amor y sangre y Camino de Santa Fe, pero tal vez el mejor de sus westerns es el itinerante Los comancheros, que sera tambien su ultima pelicula, realizada poco antes de morir. Nacido en Budapest como Kertesz Mihaly, trabajo en su pais, alternando tareas directoriales con las de actor, entre 1912 y 1918. A partir de esa fecha, que coincide con el final de la industria cinematografica hungara, dirige en Austria y otros paises de Europa occidental hasta que Jack Warner, impresionado por alguna de las peliculas que habia visto de Curtiz, lo lleva a los Estados Unidos donde, pasado el tiempo, se convertiria en el director mas emblematico de Warner Bros, para quien realizo pelicula tras pelicula sin descanso hasta llegar al centenar. Lo sorprendente es que rara vez el producto que salia de sus manos era una mediocridad y con frecuencia resultaba notable, independientemente del genero o la clave narrativa que utilizara.
        Under a Texas Moon (Tantas veo...). 1930. 82 minutos. Blanco y Negro. WB. Frank Fay, Raquel Torres, Myrna Loy.
        The River’s End. 1930. 75 minutos. Blanco y Negro. WB. Charles Bickford, Evelyn Knapp, ZaSu Pitts.
        Gold Is Where You Find It. 1938. 94 minutos. Technicolor. WB. George Brent, Olivia de Havilland, Claude Rains.
        Dodge City (Dodge, ciudad sin ley). 1939. 104 minutos. Technicolor. WB. Errol Flynn, Olivia de Havilland, Ann Sheridan, Bruce Cabot.
        Virginia City (Oro, amor y sangre). 1940. 121 minutos. Blanco y Negro. WB. Errol Flynn, Miriam Hopkins, Randolph Scott, Humphrey Bogart.
        Santa Fe Trail (Camino de Santa Fe). 1940. 110 minutos. Blanco y Negro. WB. Errol Flynn, Olivia de Havilland, Raymond Massey, Ronald Reagan.
        The Boy from Oklahoma. 1954. 87 minutos. Warnercolor. WB. Will Rogers, Jr., Nancy Olson, Lon Chaney, Jr.
        The Proud Rebel (El rebelde orgulloso). 1958. 103 min. Technicolor. For mosa Prod.-Buena Vista. Alan Ladd, Olivia de Havilland, Dean Jagger.
        The Hangman. 1959. 87 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. Robert Taylor, Tina Louise, Fess Parker.
        The Comancheros (Los comancheros). 1961. 107 minutos. Color DeLuxe. CinemaScope. Fox. John Wayne, Stuart Whitman, Ina Balin, Nehemiah Persoff.

    English-Spanish dictionary of western films > Curtiz, Michael

  • 66 Fregonese, Hugo

    1908-1987
       Argentino de Mendoza, es medico y, despues, periodista deportivo. Se traslada a Nueva York en 1935 y en 1937 es consejero tecnico en Hollywood. De vuelta a Argentina, dirige cuatro filmes, a partir de 1945, alguno de los cuales podria calificarse de “western a la argentina”. En 1950 dirige su pri mera pelicula norteamericana, Murallas de silencio (One Way Street). Buen especialista de cine de genero, su pelicula mas importante y conocida es, probablemente, Soplo salvaje (Blowing Wild, 1953), cuya atmosfera recuerda bastante a la de un western. Western es, aunque austral, Pampa salvaje, remake de la primera pelicula de Fregonese. Por entonces, el director habia abandonado practicamente Holly wood para seguir, como tantos otros en su decadencia, la aventura europea. Debe prestarse especial atencion a Apache Drums, una pequena joya.
        Saddle Tramp. 1950. 77 minutos. Technicolor. Universal. Joel McCrea, Wanda Hendrix, John Russell.
        Apache Drums. 1951. 75 minutos. Technicolor. Universal. Stephen McNally, Colleen Gray.
        Mark of the Renegade (El signo del renegado). 1951. 81 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Ricardo Montalban, Cyd Charisse, J. Carroll Naish.
        Untamed Frontier. 1952. 75 minutos. Technicolor. Universal. Joseph Cotten, Shelley Winters, Scott Brady.
        The Raid. 1954. 83 minutos. Technicolor. Fox. Van Heflin, Anne Bancroft, Richard Boone.
        Old Shatterhand (La ultima batalla de los apaches). 1964. 122 minutos. Eastmancolor. Superpanorama 70. CCC/Avala Film/Criterion/Serena. Lex Barker, Pierre Brice, Guy Madison, Dahlia Lavi.
        Pampa salvaje (Savage Pampas). 1966. 112 minutos. Eastmancolor. Superpanorama 70. Comet/Prados/Dasa Films/Samuel Bronston Int. Robert Taylor, Ron Randell, Rosenda Monteros.

    English-Spanish dictionary of western films > Fregonese, Hugo

  • 67 Miner, Allen H.

    1917-2004
       Nacido en Filadelfia, estudio en la Universidad de Yale. La filmografia de Allen H. Miner la forman siete largometrajes, mas un amplio numero de realizaciones para la television. De los siete largometrajes, tres son westerns, rodados al principio de su carrera y razonablemente bien construidos. La pelicula mas personal de Miner es, sin ningun genero de dudas, el documental The Naked Sea (1955), que produjo, dirigio, monto y fotografio.
        Ghost Town. 1956. 75 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Bel-Air (UA). Kent Taylor, John Smith, Marian Carr.
        The Ride Back (El retorno del forajido). 1957. 79 minutos. Blanco y Negro. The Associates and Aldrich Company (UA). William Conrad, Anthony Quinn, Lita Milan.
        Black Patch. 1957. 83 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Montgomery Productions (WB). George Montgomery, Diane Brewster.

    English-Spanish dictionary of western films > Miner, Allen H.

  • 68 Wood, Sam

    1883-1949
       Desde 1920 hasta su fallecimiento, dirige un buen punado de peliculas de genero que hicieron de el un realizador razonablemente popular y con algunos exitos en su haber. Fue el director de algunos de los mejores filmes de los inefables Hermanos Marx, como Una noche en la opera (A Night at the Opera, 1935) y Un dia en las carreras (A Day at the Races, 1937), pero tambien se deben a el peliculas como Adios, mister Chips (Goodby, Mr. Chips, 1939) o Espejismo de amor (Kitty Foyle, 1940), por el que Ginger Rogers conquisto un Oscar. Wood, cuyas opiniones politicas lo acercan a la extrema derecha, no fue, sin embargo, un hombre especialmente creativo, ni sus westerns merecen una atencion singularizada. Ambush, postuma, es su ultima pelicula. Se movio en la orbita de Paramount y, sobre todo, de MGM.
        Rangers of Fortune. 1940. 80 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Paramount. Fred MacMurray, Patricia Morison.
        Ambush. 1950. 90 minutos. Blanco y Negro. MGM. Robert Taylor, John Hodiak, Arlene Dahl.

    English-Spanish dictionary of western films > Wood, Sam

  • 69 Brearley, Harry

    SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy
    [br]
    b. 18 February 1871 Sheffield, England
    d. 14 July 1948 Torquay, Devon, England
    [br]
    English inventor of stainless steel.
    [br]
    Brearley was born in poor circumstances. He received little formal education and was nurtured rather in and around the works of Thomas Firth \& Sons, where his father worked in the crucible steel-melting shop. One of his first jobs was to help in their chemical laboratory where the chief chemist, James Taylor, encouraged him and helped him fit himself for a career as a steelworks chemist.
    In 1901 Brearley left Firth's to set up a laboratory at Kayser Ellison \& Co., but he returned to Firth's in 1904, when he was appointed Chief Chemist at their Riga works, and Works Manager the following year. In 1907 he returned to Sheffield to design and equip a research laboratory to serve both Firth's and John Brown \& Co. It was during his time as head of this laboratory that he made his celebrated discovery. In 1913, while seeking improved steels for rifle barrels, he used one containing 12.68 per cent chromium and 0.24 per cent carbon, in the hope that it would resist fouling and erosion. He tried to etch a specimen for microscopic examination but failed, from which he concluded that it would resist corrosion by, for example, the acids encountered in foods and cooking. The first knives made of this new steel were unsatisfactory and the 1914–18 war interrupted further research. But eventually the problems were overcome and Brearley's discovery led to a range of stainless steels with various compositions for domestic, medical and industrial uses, including the well-known "18–8" steel, with 18 per cent chromium and 8 per cent nickel.
    In 1915 Brearley left the laboratory to become Works Manager, then Technical Director, at Brown Bayley's steelworks until his retirement in 1925.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Iron and Steel Institute Bessemer Gold Medal 1920.
    Bibliography
    Brearley wrote several books, including: 1915 (?), with F.Ibbotson, The Analysis of Steelworks Materials, London.
    The Heat Treatment of Tool Steels. Ingots and Ingot Moulds.
    Later books include autobiographical details: 1946, Talks on Steelmaking, American Society for Metals.
    1941, Knotted String: Autobiography of a Steelmaker, London: Longmans, Green.
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 1948, Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute: 428–9.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Brearley, Harry

  • 70 Broadcasting

    [br]

    Biographical history of technology > Broadcasting

  • 71 Byron, Ada Augusta, Countess of Lovelace

    [br]
    b. 12 December 1815 Piccadilly Terrace, London, England
    d. 23 November 1852 East Horsley, Surrey, England
    [br]
    English mathematician, active in the early development of the calculating machine.
    [br]
    Educated by a number of governesses in a number of houses from Yorkshire to Ealing, she was the daughter of a hypochondriac mother and her absent, separated, husband, the poet George Gordon, Lord Byron. As a child a mysterious and undiagnosed illness deprived her "of the use of her limbs" and she was "obliged to use crutches". The complaint was probably psychosomatic as it cleared up when she was 17 and was about to attend her first court ball. On 8 July 1835 she was married to William King, 1st Earl of Lovelace. She later bore two sons and a daughter. She was an avid student of science and in particular mathematics, in the course of which Charles Babbage encouraged her. In 1840 Babbage was invited to Turin to present a paper on his analytical engine. In the audience was a young Italian military engineer, L.F.Menabrea, who was later to become a general in Garibaldi's army. The paper was written in French and published in 1842 in the Bibliothèque Universelle de Genève. This text was translated into English and published with extensive annotations by the Countess of Lovelace, appearing in Taylor's Scientific Memoirs. The Countess thoroughly understood and appreciated Babbage's machine and the clarity of her description was so great that it is undoubtedly the best contemporary account of the engine: even Babbage recognized the Countess's description as superior to his own. Ada often visited Babbage in his workshop and listened to his explanations of the structure and use of his engines. She shared with her husband a love of horse-racing and, with Babbage, tried to develop a system for backing horses. Babbage and the Earl apparently stopped their efforts in time, but the Countess lost so heavily that she had to pawn all her family jewels. Her losses at the 1851 Derby alone amounted to £3,200, while borrow-ing a further £1,800 from her husband. This situation involved her in being blackmailed. She became an opium addict due to persistent pain from gastritis, intermittent anorexia and paroxys-mal tachycardia. Charles Babbage was always a great comfort to her, not only for their shared mathematical interests but also as a friend helping in all manner of small services such as taking her dead parrot to the taxidermist. She died after a protracted illness, thought to be cancer, at East Horsley Towers.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    D.Langley Moore, 1977, Ada, Countess of Lovelace: Byron's Legitimate Daughter, John Murray.
    P.Morrison and E.Morrison, 1961, Charles Babbage and His Calculating Engine, Dover Publications.

    Biographical history of technology > Byron, Ada Augusta, Countess of Lovelace

  • 72 Ford, Henry

    [br]
    b. 30 July 1863 Dearborn, Michigan, USA
    d. 7 April 1947 Dearborn, Michigan, USA
    [br]
    American pioneer motor-car maker and developer of mass-production methods.
    [br]
    He was the son of an Irish immigrant farmer, William Ford, and the oldest son to survive of Mary Litogot; his mother died in 1876 with the birth of her sixth child. He went to the village school, and at the age of 16 he was apprenticed to Flower brothers' machine shop and then at the Drydock \& Engineering Works in Detroit. In 1882 he left to return to the family farm and spent some time working with a 1 1/2 hp steam engine doing odd jobs for the farming community at $3 per day. He was then employed as a demonstrator for Westinghouse steam engines. He met Clara Jane Bryant at New Year 1885 and they were married on 11 April 1888. Their only child, Edsel Bryant Ford, was born on 6 November 1893.
    At that time Henry worked on steam engine repairs for the Edison Illuminating Company, where he became Chief Engineer. He became one of a group working to develop a "horseless carriage" in 1896 and in June completed his first vehicle, a "quadri cycle" with a two-cylinder engine. It was built in a brick shed, which had to be partially demolished to get the carriage out.
    Ford became involved in motor racing, at which he was more successful than he was in starting a car-manufacturing company. Several early ventures failed, until the Ford Motor Company of 1903. By October 1908 they had started with production of the Model T. The first, of which over 15 million were built up to the end of its production in May 1927, came out with bought-out steel stampings and a planetary gearbox, and had a one-piece four-cylinder block with a bolt-on head. This was one of the most successful models built by Ford or any other motor manufacturer in the life of the motor car.
    Interchangeability of components was an important element in Ford's philosophy. Ford was a pioneer in the use of vanadium steel for engine components. He adopted the principles of Frederick Taylor, the pioneer of time-and-motion study, and installed the world's first moving assembly line for the production of magnetos, started in 1913. He installed blast furnaces at the factory to make his own steel, and he also promoted research and the cultivation of the soya bean, from which a plastic was derived.
    In October 1913 he introduced the "Five Dollar Day", almost doubling the normal rate of pay. This was a profit-sharing scheme for his employees and contained an element of a reward for good behaviour. About this time he initiated work on an agricultural tractor, the "Fordson" made by a separate company, the directors of which were Henry and his son Edsel.
    In 1915 he chartered the Oscar II, a "peace ship", and with fifty-five delegates sailed for Europe a week before Christmas, docking at Oslo. Their objective was to appeal to all European Heads of State to stop the war. He had hoped to persuade manufacturers to replace armaments with tractors in their production programmes. In the event, Ford took to his bed in the hotel with a chill, stayed there for five days and then sailed for New York and home. He did, however, continue to finance the peace activists who remained in Europe. Back in America, he stood for election to the US Senate but was defeated. He was probably the father of John Dahlinger, illegitimate son of Evangeline Dahlinger, a stenographer employed by the firm and on whom he lavished gifts of cars, clothes and properties. He became the owner of a weekly newspaper, the Dearborn Independent, which became the medium for the expression of many of his more unorthodox ideas. He was involved in a lawsuit with the Chicago Tribune in 1919, during which he was cross-examined on his knowledge of American history: he is reputed to have said "History is bunk". What he actually said was, "History is bunk as it is taught in schools", a very different comment. The lawyers who thus made a fool of him would have been surprised if they could have foreseen the force and energy that their actions were to release. For years Ford employed a team of specialists to scour America and Europe for furniture, artefacts and relics of all kinds, illustrating various aspects of history. Starting with the Wayside Inn from South Sudbury, Massachusetts, buildings were bought, dismantled and moved, to be reconstructed in Greenfield Village, near Dearborn. The courthouse where Abraham Lincoln had practised law and the Ohio bicycle shop where the Wright brothers built their first primitive aeroplane were added to the farmhouse where the proprietor, Henry Ford, had been born. Replicas were made of Independence Hall, Congress Hall and the old City Hall in Philadelphia, and even a reconstruction of Edison's Menlo Park laboratory was installed. The Henry Ford museum was officially opened on 21 October 1929, on the fiftieth anniversary of Edison's invention of the incandescent bulb, but it continued to be a primary preoccupation of the great American car maker until his death.
    Henry Ford was also responsible for a number of aeronautical developments at the Ford Airport at Dearborn. He introduced the first use of radio to guide a commercial aircraft, the first regular airmail service in the United States. He also manufactured the country's first all-metal multi-engined plane, the Ford Tri-Motor.
    Edsel became President of the Ford Motor Company on his father's resignation from that position on 30 December 1918. Following the end of production in May 1927 of the Model T, the replacement Model A was not in production for another six months. During this period Henry Ford, though officially retired from the presidency of the company, repeatedly interfered and countermanded the orders of his son, ostensibly the man in charge. Edsel, who died of stomach cancer at his home at Grosse Point, Detroit, on 26 May 1943, was the father of Henry Ford II. Henry Ford died at his home, "Fair Lane", four years after his son's death.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1922, with S.Crowther, My Life and Work, London: Heinemann.
    Further Reading
    R.Lacey, 1986, Ford, the Men and the Machine, London: Heinemann. W.C.Richards, 1948, The Last Billionaire, Henry Ford, New York: Charles Scribner.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Ford, Henry

  • 73 Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma

    [br]
    b. 30 July 1889 Mourum (near Moscow), Russia
    d. 29 July 1982 New York City, New York, USA
    [br]
    Russian (naturalized American 1924) television pioneer who invented the iconoscope and kinescope television camera and display tubes.
    [br]
    Zworykin studied engineering at the Institute of Technology in St Petersburg under Boris Rosing, assisting the latter with his early experiments with television. After graduating in 1912, he spent a time doing X-ray research at the Collège de France in Paris before returning to join the Russian Marconi Company, initially in St Petersburg and then in Moscow. On the outbreak of war in 1917, he joined the Russian Army Signal Corps, but when the war ended in the chaos of the Revolution he set off on his travels, ending up in the USA, where he joined the Westinghouse Corporation. There, in 1923, he filed the first of many patents for a complete system of electronic television, including one for an all-electronic scanning pick-up tube that he called the iconoscope. In 1924 he became a US citizen and invented the kinescope, a hard-vacuum cathode ray tube (CRT) for the display of television pictures, and the following year he patented a camera tube with a mosaic of photoelectric elements and gave a demonstration of still-picture TV. In 1926 he was awarded a PhD by the University of Pittsburgh and in 1928 he was granted a patent for a colour TV system.
    In 1929 he embarked on a tour of Europe to study TV developments; on his return he joined the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) as Director of the Electronics Research Group, first at Camden and then Princeton, New Jersey. Securing a budget to develop an improved CRT picture tube, he soon produced a kinescope with a hard vacuum, an indirectly heated cathode, a signal-modulation grid and electrostatic focusing. In 1933 an improved iconoscope camera tube was produced, and under his direction RCA went on to produce other improved types of camera tube, including the image iconoscope, the orthicon and image orthicon and the vidicon. The secondary-emission effect used in many of these tubes was also used in a scintillation radiation counter. In 1941 he was responsible for the development of the first industrial electron microscope, but for most of the Second World War he directed work concerned with radar, aircraft fire-control and TV-guided missiles.
    After the war he worked for a time on high-speed memories and medical electronics, becoming Vice-President and Technical Consultant in 1947. He "retired" from RCA and was made an honorary vice-president in 1954, but he retained an office and continued to work there almost up until his death; he also served as Director of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research from 1954 until 1962.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Zworykin received some twenty-seven awards and honours for his contributions to television engineering and medical electronics, including the Institution of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1965; US Medal of Science 1966; and the US National Hall of Fame 1977.
    Bibliography
    29 December 1923, US patent no. 2,141, 059 (the original iconoscope patent; finally granted in December 1938!).
    13 July 1925, US patent no. 1,691, 324 (colour television system).
    1930, with D.E.Wilson, Photocells and Their Applications, New York: Wiley. 1934, "The iconoscope. A modern version of the electric eye". Proceedings of the
    Institute of Radio Engineers 22:16.
    1946, Electron Optics and the Electron Microscope.
    1940, with G.A.Morton, Television; revised 1954.
    Further Reading
    J.H.Udelson, 1982, The Great Television Race: History of the Television Industry 1925– 41: University of Alabama Press.
    KF

    Biographical history of technology > Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma

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  • John taylor (mormonisme) — Pour les articles homonymes, voir John Taylor. John Taylor (1808 1887) est le 3e président de l Église de Jésus Christ des saints des derniers jours (1880 1887). Sommaire …   Wikipédia en Français

  • John Taylor (homonymie) — John Taylor Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. John Taylor est le nom de plusieurs personnes : John Taylor (XVIIIe siècle), pirate. John Taylor (1704 1766), érudit anglais. John Taylor …   Wikipédia en Français

  • John Taylor (1752–1833) — John Taylor (1752 1833) was a pioneer Baptist preacher and frontier historian in Kentucky.Taylor was born in Fauquier County, Virginia. He united with the Baptists when he was 20 years old, and began preaching while in Virginia where he organized …   Wikipedia

  • John Taylor (jazz) — John Taylor (born in Manchester 25 September 1942) is a British jazz pianist; he has occasionally performed on the organ and the synthesizer. He is one of Europe s most celebrated jazz pianists and composersFact|date=July 2007.Performing… …   Wikipedia

  • John Taylor (1781–1864) — John Taylor (1781 1864) was a publisher, essayist, and writer born in East Retford, Nottinghamshire, the son of James Taylor and Sarah Drury. Although in pyramidical circles, he may be remembered for his contributions to Pyramidology and his use… …   Wikipedia

  • John Taylor of Caroline — John Taylor (December 19, 1753 ndash; August 21, 1824) of Caroline County, Virginia was a politician and writer. He served in the Virginia House of Delegates (1779–81, 1783–85, 1796–1800) and in the United States Senate (1792–94, 1803, 1822–24).… …   Wikipedia

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