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101 François
Proper name. Le coup du Père François:a (lit.): Deadly stranglehold involving the breaking of the cervical vertebrae.b (fig.): 'Below-the-belt' blow, unfair attack. -
102 train
n. m.1. 'Arse', 'bum', behind. Botter quelqu'un dans le train: To kick someone up the jacksey. Avoir le feu au train: To 'have ants in one's pants', to be itching to get moving, to be in a great hurry.2. Se magner le train: To 'get one's skates on', to hurry up.3. Filer le train à quelqu'un: To dog someone's footsteps, to follow someone closely. On lui a dit de filer le train au maljrat He was told to tail that suspect.4. Remettre quelqu'un au train (Underworld slang): To 'twist someone's arm', to compel someone to do something (literally to get someone to go along with one's wishes).5. Manquer le train (fig.): To 'miss the boat', to fail to get what one might be entitled to.6. N'être pas en train (also: ne pas se sentir en train): To 'feel out of sorts', to feel below par.7. Etre dans le train: To be 'on the ball', to be 'in the swing of things', to be right-up-to-date with trends, etc.8. Faux train (Cycling and horse-racing slang): Brisk but not exceedingly fast pace set by a group of riders to enable the champion to be in the running for the critical final furlong.9. Sauter du train en marche (joc.): To have coïtus interruptus. -
103 Bleu
the colour blue. The word can cause confusion for non-native speakers, as it is used figuratively to refer to several completely different things. a) Blue cheese (see Bleu d'Auvergne below), b) a bruise, and c) work overalls. Les Bleus is the nickname used to refer to the French national team in a number of sports, notably football. Un bleu, in printing, is a monochrome printer's proof.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Bleu
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104 Bordeaux
1) A major port city in southwest France, on the Gironde, and capital of the Aquitaine region.2) Wine, and wine growing region. With Burgundy and Champagne,the Bordeaux region is one of the three most famous wine-producing regionsin France. Historically, its fame is at least in part due to the fact that of these three big wine-growing areas, the Bordeaux vineyard is the only one with immediate access to the sea, an advantage that has enabled it to be France's major wine exporting region for many centuries.In 1152, when queen Eleanor of Aquitaine married the English king Henry II, the Aquitaine region became economically integrated into the Anglo-Norman world, the Bordeaux region becoming a major supplier of wine for England. This historic wine exporting tradition helped Bordeaux to develop far stronger commercial links in the ensuing centuries, firmly establishing Bordeaux wines, often referred to generically in English as "clarets", on the international market.The Bordeaux vineyard is centered round the port city of Bordeaux, along the estuary of the Gironde, and the rivers Garonne and Dordogne. It is a large vineyard, and the geo-specific appellation "Bordeaux" covers an area stretching some 100 km both north-south and east-west.While the appellation contrôlée covers wines of medium quality from all over this region, many if not most of the top quality clarets grown in the overall area benefit from more specific and distinctive area appellations, such as Médoc, Graves or Saint Emilion, and even more local appellations such as Pauillac, Graves and Saint-Estèphe.Unlike other wine-growing areas, the Bordeaux area operates classifications of many of its top wines, notably those from the Médoc and Saint Emilion vineyards. The best estates in these areas have the right to sell wines designated as grand cru. Below the grand crus come other high quality wines designated as cru bourgeois.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Bordeaux
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105 Canton
A territorial subdivision of France. There are over 4000 cantons in modern France; most of these comprise two or more communes (see below), and serve mainly to define the constituencies used for the election of members of Departmental (county) councils (Conseils généraux). In rare cases, cantons may include just a single commune; and more rarely, the largest communes may be divided into more than one canton.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Canton
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106 CFDT
one of the three big trade unions in France, traditionally less hard-line and more consensual than the CGT (see below).Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > CFDT
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107 Chirac, Jacques
born 1932.(adj. Chiraquien)Former conservative (Gaullist) President of France, from 1995 to 2007. Chirac's reelection in 2002 was an unexpected twist of fortune, caused by the elimination of the front-runner, socialist Lionel Jospin, pipped into third place in the first round of the election by a surge in the vote for the far right wing leader of the French National Front, Jean Marie Le Pen.Facing Le Pen in the second round, Chirac was reelected with a massive majority in what was in essence a contest between the the extreme right and everyone else. Had the second round of the election been a classic left-right contest, Chirac's re-election would not have been guaranteed.Jacques Chirac was a highly ambitious career politician, who worked his way rapidly up the ranks of the Gaullist movement; yet his first steps in politics were actually as a militant for the Communist party, and as a student he sold the communist newspaper l'Humanité on the streets of Paris. After graduating from "Sciences Po", he changed tack, married into Parisian high society, studied at the elite ENA (Ecole Nationale d'Administration), and then began a career in politics, working for the office of the prime minister, Georges Pompidou. In 1976, he was appointed junior minister for employment in the third Pompidou government, and from then after he remained one of the most omnipresent of conservative politicians in France. From Gaullist, he became a supporter of Valéry Giscard d'Estaing during Giscard's 1974 bid for the presidency - against the Gaullist Chaban-Delmas - and was appointed Prime Minister when Giscard won. Two years later, he resigned, complaining that Giscard was cramping his style.This was the start of his rise to the top. No longer prime minister, in 1977 he set about building his own power base, or rather his own two power bases, firstly as leader of a new political party, the RPR, created out of the old Gaullist UDR, and secondly by becoming elected Mayor of Paris. In 1981, he challenged Giscard for the presidency, but came third in the first round of the election, which was won by François Mitterrand. By 1986 he was clear leader of the conservative opposition. When the conservatives won the general election of that year, he was appointed prime minister, ushering in the first period of cohabitation (see below) between a president and a government of different political persuasions.In 1988, he was again a candidate in the presidential election, and again lost; but with his power base in Paris and in the RPR, he then had seven years in which to prepare his third, and first successful, challenge for the presidency.He served two terms as president, the first of seven years, the second of five - though as already stated, his reelection in 2002 was more due to the failure of the Socialist campaign and the surprise presence of Le Pen in the second round, than in his own popularity. It is still rather early to judge the Chirac presidency in a historic perspective, but early appraisals suggest that it will not be remembered as a great period in French history. It was a time during which France dramatically failed to adapt to the changes in the modern world - the end of the Cold War and the challenge of globalisation - and failed to push through the social and economic reforms that were allowing other developed nations such as France, Germany or Spain, to find their place in the new world order.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Chirac, Jacques
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108 Cité
a complex of buildings, but not usually in the sense of the English word "city". By itself the word most commonly means a housing development, usually but not always social housing. The term is used in a number of common compound expresions. See below.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Cité
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109 DEA
The pure research equivalent of the former DESS (see below), a former prerequisite for postgraduate students wishing to embark on a doctoral thesis. See Higher education in France -
110 France Télécom
Trading as Orange, France Télécom, is the former state telecommunications company in France, responsible for the upkeep of the national telephone and telecommunications network. Privatised in 1998 by Lionel Jospin's socialist government, it remains by far the largest fixed and mobile telecoms operator in France, and the largest ISP, with over 7 million broadband customers, well ahead of its biggest rival Free.fr (see below). FT is also one of the world's biggest telecoms corporations, operating phone services in over thirty countries, and is the leading Internet service provider in Europe.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > France Télécom
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111 Midi
Litterally speaking, Midi means midday, but the word has come also to designate the south of France, i.e. the part over which the sun stands at midday, when seen from a northern perspective. As a spatial concept, the word Midi is very vague, and there is no specific point at which a traveller from the north enters the Midi. For some it is a small area, just including the Mediterranean coastal plain and its direct hinterland, a region characterised by mediterranean climate and vegetation. For others it is anywhere south of the level of Valence, or even south of a line betwenLyon and Bordeaux. The word is included in the name of the region Midi Pyrénées (see below), which thus has a strong claim to be considered as part of the Midi. Alternatively, the Midi is perceived as equivalent to the historic area of Occitania, the southern half of France where people spoke dialects of Occitanian French rather than dialects of the standard French of the Ile de France.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Midi
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112 Oc
the language traditionally spoken in the south of France, notably in the Languedoc (meaning Language of Oc region). Occitanian languages, the family of Oc languages (for it is more than just a single tongue), were historically spoken in "Occitania"(see below) from the Atlantic to the southern Alps, from parts of Spain to the Val d'Aosta in Italy. Oc languages include Provençal. Linguistically they are close to Catalan, the traditional language of Catalonia in Spain and the Pyrénées Orientales department of France. -
113 Poivre d'Arvor, Patrick
See PPDA below.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Poivre d'Arvor, Patrick
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114 image composite
Image sur un écran formée par la juxtaposition de scènes venant de plusieurs sources.A technique which allows the viewing of two or more video images, side by side or above and below, on-screen simultaneously.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais (UEFA Football) > image composite
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115 mollet
mollet mThe fleshy back part of the leg below the knee. -
116 pied
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117 sacrum
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118 sternum
sternum mOs plat situé à la partie antérieure et médiane du thorax, s'articulant avec les vraies côtes et avec les clavicules.A flat bone, extending from the base of the neck to just below the diaphragm and forming the front part of the skeleton of the thorax.Syn. sternum -
119 décote
[d'un titre] below par ratingDictionnaire juridique, politique, économique et financier > décote
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120 vendre à perte
Dictionnaire juridique, politique, économique et financier > vendre à perte
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