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1 dogovorjen
due, fixed -
2 dolgovan
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3 dolžan
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4 napovedan
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5 pričakovan
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6 zapadel
due, overdue -
7 zaradi
because, due, for, account, owing to, through, with -
8 edìnъ
edìnъ; edьnъ Grammatical information: num. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `one'Page in Trubačev: VI 11-13Old Church Slavic:Russian:odín `one' [num o], odnogó [Gens], odná [Nomsf]Czech:Polish:Old Polish:Slovincian:jȧ̃dĕn `one' [num o]Serbo-Croatian:jèdan `one' [num o], jȅdna [Nomsf];Čak. jedå̃n (Vrgada) `one' [num o], jednȁ [Nomsf], jednȍ [Nomsn];Čak. jedãn (Orbanići) `one, some, a certain, a' [num o], jenȁ [Nomsf], jenȍ [Nomsn]Slovene:edín `only, lonesome' [num o];jedín `only, lonesome' [num o];édǝn `one' [num o];jédǝn `one' [num o];èn `one' [num o]Bulgarian:edín `one' [num. o]Indo-European reconstruction: h₁edʰ-HiH-no-IE meaning: oneCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 284, 286Comments: In view of Ru. odín, Gsg. odnogó etc., the form *jedьnь must be due to analogy. The vowel of the second syllable behaves similarly to a so-called "tense jer": in strong postion we find i (sometimes e), in weak position the vowel is lost. This behaviour might be linked to the j of *jьnъ. Though the j, which before words beginning with a front vowel had arisen as an automatic Hiatustilger, is absent in *jedinъ/jedьnъ, it is conceivable that it conformed to the pattern of *jьnъ. The problem with this hypothesis is that forms with *jn- < *jьn appear to be lacking. Andersen's reconstruction *edeino- next to *edino- (1996: 116) is, in my opinion, an unsatisfactory explanation for the alternation mentioned above. The origin of the element *jed- < *(h₁)edʰ- is unclear. Pokorny's reconstruction *ed- is in conflict with Winter's law.Notes: -
9 edьnъ
edìnъ; edьnъ Grammatical information: num. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `one'Page in Trubačev: VI 11-13Old Church Slavic:Russian:odín `one' [num o], odnogó [Gens], odná [Nomsf]Czech:Polish:Old Polish:Slovincian:jȧ̃dĕn `one' [num o]Serbo-Croatian:jèdan `one' [num o], jȅdna [Nomsf];Čak. jedå̃n (Vrgada) `one' [num o], jednȁ [Nomsf], jednȍ [Nomsn];Čak. jedãn (Orbanići) `one, some, a certain, a' [num o], jenȁ [Nomsf], jenȍ [Nomsn]Slovene:edín `only, lonesome' [num o];jedín `only, lonesome' [num o];édǝn `one' [num o];jédǝn `one' [num o];èn `one' [num o]Bulgarian:edín `one' [num. o]Indo-European reconstruction: h₁edʰ-HiH-no-IE meaning: oneCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 284, 286Comments: In view of Ru. odín, Gsg. odnogó etc., the form *jedьnь must be due to analogy. The vowel of the second syllable behaves similarly to a so-called "tense jer": in strong postion we find i (sometimes e), in weak position the vowel is lost. This behaviour might be linked to the j of *jьnъ. Though the j, which before words beginning with a front vowel had arisen as an automatic Hiatustilger, is absent in *jedinъ/jedьnъ, it is conceivable that it conformed to the pattern of *jьnъ. The problem with this hypothesis is that forms with *jn- < *jьn appear to be lacking. Andersen's reconstruction *edeino- next to *edino- (1996: 116) is, in my opinion, an unsatisfactory explanation for the alternation mentioned above. The origin of the element *jed- < *(h₁)edʰ- is unclear. Pokorny's reconstruction *ed- is in conflict with Winter's law.Notes: -
10 emela
emela; emelo; jьmela; jьmelo Grammatical information: f. ā; n. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `mistletoe'Page in Trubačev: VI 26-27Russian:oméla `mistletoe' [f ā]Old Russian:Czech:jmelí `mistletoe' [n io];melí (dial.) `mistletoe' [n io];Old Czech:jmelé `mistletoe' [n io]Slovak:imelo, jmelo (dial.) `mistletoe' [n o]Polish:Old Polish:Upper Sorbian:Lower Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:ìmela `mistletoe' [f ā];mèla `mistletoe' [f ā];òmela (dial.) `mistletoe' [f ā]Slovene:omę́la `mistletoe' [f ā];imę̑la `mistletoe' [f ā];mę̑la `mistletoe' [f ā];melję̑ `mistletoe' [n jo]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: emel-Lithuanian:ãmalas, ẽmalas `mistletoe' [m o] 3bLatvian:ęmuols (BW);Old Prussian:emelno (EV) `mistletoe'Indo-European reconstruction: emel-o-IE meaning: mistletoeCertainty: -Comments: This plant name is probably a borrowing from a non-Indo-European substratum language. The Slavic forms with *jьm- may be due to popular etymology (the mistletoe's sap is used to produce bird-lime), cf. OCS imati `to take'. An etymological connection with PIE *h₁m- `to take' is doubtful, as is the connection with *H₃eHm- `raw' .Notes:\{1\} The forms with ā- may show the influence of âbuõls `apple, clover'. -
11 emelo
emela; emelo; jьmela; jьmelo Grammatical information: f. ā; n. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `mistletoe'Page in Trubačev: VI 26-27Russian:oméla `mistletoe' [f ā]Old Russian:Czech:jmelí `mistletoe' [n io];melí (dial.) `mistletoe' [n io];Old Czech:jmelé `mistletoe' [n io]Slovak:imelo, jmelo (dial.) `mistletoe' [n o]Polish:Old Polish:Upper Sorbian:Lower Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:ìmela `mistletoe' [f ā];mèla `mistletoe' [f ā];òmela (dial.) `mistletoe' [f ā]Slovene:omę́la `mistletoe' [f ā];imę̑la `mistletoe' [f ā];mę̑la `mistletoe' [f ā];melję̑ `mistletoe' [n jo]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: emel-Lithuanian:ãmalas, ẽmalas `mistletoe' [m o] 3bLatvian:ęmuols (BW);Old Prussian:emelno (EV) `mistletoe'Indo-European reconstruction: emel-o-IE meaning: mistletoeCertainty: -Comments: This plant name is probably a borrowing from a non-Indo-European substratum language. The Slavic forms with *jьm- may be due to popular etymology (the mistletoe's sap is used to produce bird-lime), cf. OCS imati `to take'. An etymological connection with PIE *h₁m- `to take' is doubtful, as is the connection with *H₃eHm- `raw' .Notes:\{1\} The forms with ā- may show the influence of âbuõls `apple, clover'. -
12 jьmela
emela; emelo; jьmela; jьmelo Grammatical information: f. ā; n. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `mistletoe'Page in Trubačev: VI 26-27Russian:oméla `mistletoe' [f ā]Old Russian:Czech:jmelí `mistletoe' [n io];melí (dial.) `mistletoe' [n io];Old Czech:jmelé `mistletoe' [n io]Slovak:imelo, jmelo (dial.) `mistletoe' [n o]Polish:Old Polish:Upper Sorbian:Lower Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:ìmela `mistletoe' [f ā];mèla `mistletoe' [f ā];òmela (dial.) `mistletoe' [f ā]Slovene:omę́la `mistletoe' [f ā];imę̑la `mistletoe' [f ā];mę̑la `mistletoe' [f ā];melję̑ `mistletoe' [n jo]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: emel-Lithuanian:ãmalas, ẽmalas `mistletoe' [m o] 3bLatvian:ęmuols (BW);Old Prussian:emelno (EV) `mistletoe'Indo-European reconstruction: emel-o-IE meaning: mistletoeCertainty: -Comments: This plant name is probably a borrowing from a non-Indo-European substratum language. The Slavic forms with *jьm- may be due to popular etymology (the mistletoe's sap is used to produce bird-lime), cf. OCS imati `to take'. An etymological connection with PIE *h₁m- `to take' is doubtful, as is the connection with *H₃eHm- `raw' .Notes:\{1\} The forms with ā- may show the influence of âbuõls `apple, clover'. -
13 jьmelo
emela; emelo; jьmela; jьmelo Grammatical information: f. ā; n. o Proto-Slavic meaning: `mistletoe'Page in Trubačev: VI 26-27Russian:oméla `mistletoe' [f ā]Old Russian:Czech:jmelí `mistletoe' [n io];melí (dial.) `mistletoe' [n io];Old Czech:jmelé `mistletoe' [n io]Slovak:imelo, jmelo (dial.) `mistletoe' [n o]Polish:Old Polish:Upper Sorbian:Lower Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:ìmela `mistletoe' [f ā];mèla `mistletoe' [f ā];òmela (dial.) `mistletoe' [f ā]Slovene:omę́la `mistletoe' [f ā];imę̑la `mistletoe' [f ā];mę̑la `mistletoe' [f ā];melję̑ `mistletoe' [n jo]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: emel-Lithuanian:ãmalas, ẽmalas `mistletoe' [m o] 3bLatvian:ęmuols (BW);Old Prussian:emelno (EV) `mistletoe'Indo-European reconstruction: emel-o-IE meaning: mistletoeCertainty: -Comments: This plant name is probably a borrowing from a non-Indo-European substratum language. The Slavic forms with *jьm- may be due to popular etymology (the mistletoe's sap is used to produce bird-lime), cf. OCS imati `to take'. An etymological connection with PIE *h₁m- `to take' is doubtful, as is the connection with *H₃eHm- `raw' .Notes:\{1\} The forms with ā- may show the influence of âbuõls `apple, clover'. -
14 ě̀to
ě̀to Grammatical information: n. o Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `herd, flock'Page in Trubačev: VIII 182-183Church Slavic:Russian:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:jȁto `flock (of birds), swarm, herd' [n o];Čak. jȁto (Vrgada) `flock (of birds), swarm, herd' [n o]Slovene:játọ `herd, flock' [n o];jȃta `herd, flock' [f ā]Bulgarian:játo `flock (of birds)' [n o]Indo-European reconstruction: ieh₂-tómComments: The fixed root stress of this etymon must be due to Hirt's law.Other cognates:Skt. yātá- `progress, course' [n]Notes:- -
15 jьmàti
jьmàti Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `take'Page in Trubačev: VIII 224-225Old Church Slavic:Russian:imát' (dial.) `catch, try' [verb];imát' (dial.) `have, possess' [verb];ímat' (dial.) `have, possess' [verb]Ukrainian:máty `have, intend, be due' [verb];imáty (dial.) `take, seize' [verb]Czech:jímati `take, seize' [verb]Old Czech:jímati `take, seize' [verb];jmáti `take prisoner' [verb]Slovak:jímat' `have, possess' [verb]Polish:imać (obs.) `take, have' [verb]Slovincian:jĩmăc `seize' [verb]Polabian:jaimăt `catch' [verb], jėmĕ [3sg]Serbo-Croatian:ìmati `have' [verb], ìmām [1sg];Čak. imȁti (Vrgada) `have' [verb], ȉmå̑š [2sg]Bulgarian:ímam `have' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: h₁m-Page in Pokorny: 310Other cognates: -
16 kādìti
kādìti Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `burn incense'Page in Trubačev: IX 109-110Old Church Slavic:Russian:kadít' `burn incense' [verb], kažú [1sg], kadít [3sg]Czech:Slovak:Polish:kadzić `burn incense' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:káditi `smoke, burn incense' [verb], kȃdīm [1sg];Čak. kå̄dȉti (Vrgada) `smoke, burn incense' [verb], kå̃dīš [2sg];Čak. kōdȉt (Hvar) `smoke, burn incense' [verb], kódin [1sg];Čak. kādȉt (Orbanići) `incense' [verb]Slovene:kadíti `smoke, cover with dust' [verb], kadím [1sg]Bulgarian:kadjá `burn incense, smoke' [verb]Comments: The accentuation of the Serbo-Croatian forms points to AP (b), but the evidence of the other languages rather points to (c). Due to the absence of reliable cognates, the reconstruction of the root presents difficulties (-> * čadъ). In the case of *kādìti, we may be dealing with a lengthened grade *ō. -
17 màkъ
màkъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `poppy'Page in Trubačev: XVII 149-151Church Slavic:Russian:Czech:mák `poppy' [m o]Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:mȁk `poppy' [m o], mȁka [Gens], màka [Gens];Čak. mȁk (Vrgada) `poppy' [m o], makȁ [Gens]Slovene:màk `poppy' [m o], máka [Gens]Bulgarian:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: ?Lithuanian:aguonà `poppy' [f ā] 2;mãguonė (dial.) `poppy' [f ē] 1 \{1\}Latvian:Old Prussian:IE meaning: poppyCertainty: -Page in Pokorny: 698Comments: The Germanic forms show grammatischer Wechsel as well as an alternation *ā: a. The vocalism, which could reflect PIE *eh₁: h₁, does not match the ā of the Greek and the Slavic forms, which leads us to assume that the vowel alternation arose when at a comparatively late stage the root māk- was borrowed into Germanic (cf. Kluge 1989, 484). The Lithuanian and Latvian forms are usually considered borrowings from Germanic, whereas OPr. moke may have been borrowed from Polish. The Estonian and Livonian forms must be borrowings from Baltic, probably Latvian. It is generally agreed upon that ultimately we are dealing with a word of non-Indo-European (Mediterranean?) origin.Other cognates:Dor. μά̑κων `poppy' [f];Notes:\{1\} Besides, we find the variants maguona and magūna. The forms with m are restricted to the area around Klaipėda. \{2\} I have found the variants magùona2, magana, magane and magūne. \{3\} The initial m of the word for `poppy' was apparently lost in Lithuanian but not in Latvian. The Lithuanian dialect forms with m- may be due to the influence of the (Latvian) language of the fishermen of the Couronian Isthmus (cf. Būga RR III: 320). Sabaliauskas suggests dissimilatory loss of m, parallel to the loss of r in arotai: rarotai, akrūtas: rakrūtas, Latv. ruodere: uodere, ūk̨eris (1960, 71-72). \{4\} The first element means `sleep', cf. Nw. dial. vale `deep sleep', Sw. dial. valbjörn `Schlafdorn'. -
18 màti
màti Grammatical information: f. r Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `mother'Page in Trubačev: XVII 254-259Old Church Slavic:Russian:Old Russian:Old Czech:máti `mother' [f r], mateře [Gens]Old Polish:Serbo-Croatian:mȁti `mother' [f r], mȁterē [Gens];Čak. mȁti (Vrgada) `mother' [f r], mȁterē [Gens];Čak. mȁt (Novi, Orbanići) `mother' [f r], mȁteri [Gens]Slovene:máti `mother' [f r], mátere [Gens]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: máʔter-Lithuanian:mótė (OLith, dial.) `wife, mother' [f r] 1 \{1\}Latvian:mãte `mother' [f ē] \{2\}Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: meh₂ter-IE meaning: motherCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 700ffComments: The root stress in this word may be due to Hirt's law, cf. Skt. mātā́, but there is a distinct possibility that it is old, cf. Gk. μήτηρ.Other cognates:Skt. mātár- `mother' [f];OIr. máthir `mother' [f];Alb. mótrë `sister' [f]Notes:\{1\} The oldest form of the genitive is móteres, which occurs, for instance, in DP and in dialects. The most important Standard Lithuanian derivatives are móteris `wife, mother' and mótina `mother'. The form motė̃, which frequently occurs in the older scholarly literature, does not exist. \{2\} The accentuation mâte (Pokorny) is incorrect. -
19 mogti
mogti Grammatical information: v. Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `be able'Page in Trubačev: XIX 107-111Old Church Slavic:Russian:Czech:Slovak:Polish:móc `be able' [verb], mogę [1sg], może [3sg]Serbo-Croatian:mòći `be able' [verb], mògu [1sg], mȍžē [3sg];Čak. mȍći (Vrgada) `be able' [verb], mȏgu [1sg], mȍže [3sg];Čak. mȍć (Orbanići) `can, be able (to), be allowed (to)' [verb], mȍren [1sg]Slovene:móči `be able, must' [verb], mǫ́rem [1sg], mórem [1sg]Bulgarian:móga `be able, be allowed' [verb]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: mog-Lithuanian:magė́ti `please, interest' \{1\} [verb], mãga [3sg]Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: mogʰ-IE meaning: be able, capablePage in Pokorny: 695Comments: The generally accepted apophonic relationship between Slavic *mogti, Lith. magė́ti etc. on the one hand and mė́gti `love, like', Latv. mêgt `be able, be accustomed to' on the other cannot be maintained if one adheres to the view that the lengthened grade yielded a Balto-Slavic circumflex. The acute of the latter verbs may be due to Winter's law (*h₁meǵ- if cognate with Gk. περιημεκτέω `be aggrieved, chafe'). The o-vocalism of magė́ti and the Slavic and the Germanic forms points to an old perfect. For the semantic development `to be able' -> `to like', cf. Go. mag vs. MoHG mögen. As Pokorny remarks himself, his reconstruction *magʰ-, māgʰ- is entirely based on the presumed connection of the aforementioned forms with Gk. μηχανή `means, instrument', μη̃χος `instrument, apparatus', Dor. μᾱχᾱνα, μα̃ χος, which was rejected by Endzelīns (1931: 183), Fraenkel (1951, 168), Stang (1972, 37) a.o. for various reasons (cf. ESSJa X: 110) but nevertheless reappears in Lehmann 1986 (239).Other cognates:Skt. maghá- `power, wealth, gift';Notes:\{1\} The verb usually occurs in impersonal constructions. \{2\} The scholarly community is divided with respect to the question whether massi is a borrowing from Slavic (viz. Polish może) or a genuine Prussian form (see Mažiulis III: 114 for the relevant literature). -
20 polvъ
polvъ Grammatical information: adj. oOld Church Slavic:Church Slavic:Russian:polóvyj `pale yellow, sandy' [adj o];polovój `pale yellow, sandy' [adj o]Czech:plavý `faded, dun, light yellow' [adj o]Slovak:plavý `faded, dun, light yellow' [adj o]Polish:Serbo-Croatian:plȃv `blue, blond' [adj o] \{1\}Slovene:plàv `blue, pale, blond' [adj o], pláva [Nomsf] \{2\}Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: polu̯osLithuanian:pal̃vas `light yellow, straw-coloured' [adj o]Indo-European reconstruction: pol-uo-Other cognates:OIc. fǫlr `faded' [adj];Notes:\{1\} Only in John 4:35. \{2\} The meaning `blue' may be due to German influence.
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