interprete

* * *

inter-prĕs, ĕtis, com. [inter, and Sanscr. root prath-, to spread abroad; cf. platus, latus].

An agent between two parties, a broker, factor, negotiator (class.):

quod te praesente isti egi, teque interprete,

through your agency, Plaut. Curc. 3, 64:

quasi ego ei rei sim interpres,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 203:

quasi ea res per me interpretem curetur,

id. ib. 3, 3, 36;

4, 1, 6: interpretes corrumpendi judicii,

Cic. Verr. 1, 12:

pacis,

Liv. 21, 12: divūm, the messenger of the gods, i. e. Mercury, Verg. A. 4, 356; 3, 359:

harum curarum,

i. e. Juno, the goddess of marriage, id. ib. 608.—

An explainer, expounder, translator, interpreter (syn. internuntius):

juris,

Cic. Top. 1:

legum,

Juv. 4, 79; 6, 544:

grammatici interpretes poëtarum,

Cic. Div. 1, 18:

caeli,

an astronomer, id. ib. 2, 44:

mentis est oratio,

id. Leg. 1, 10; cf.

lingua,

Hor. A. P. 111:

metus interpres semper in deteriora inclinatus,

Liv. 27, 44: comitiorum, i. e. the Haruspices, who can tell whether or not the comitia are properly held, Cic. N. D. 2, 4:

portentorum,

a soothsayer, id. Div. 2, 28:

nec converti, ut interpres, sed ut orator,

a translator, id. Opt. Gen. Or. 5, 14:

indiserti,

id. Fin. 3, 4:

interpres veridica,

Liv. 1, 7.—

Esp., an interpreter, dragoman:

quotidianis interpretibus remotis, per C. Valerium cum eo (Divitiaco) colloquitur,

Caes. B. G. 1, 19:

appellare aliquem per interpretem,

Plin. 25, 2, 3, § 6:

audire aliquem cum interprete,

Cic. Fin. 5, 29:

litteraeque lectae per interpretem sunt,

Liv. 27, 43 al.

littĕra (less correctly lītĕra), ae, f. [lino, q. v.], a letter, a written sign or mark signifying a sound.

Lit.:

cubitum hercle longis litteris signabo jam usquequaque, si quis, etc.,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 7:

quid hae locuntur litterae?

id. Bacch. 4, 7, 3; cf.: quid istae narrant? Tox. Perconctare ex ipsis;

ipsae tibi narrabunt,

id. Pers. 4, 3, 29:

sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

priscarum litterarum notae,

id. ib. 2, 41, 85:

maximis litteris incisum,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 63, § 154 fin.:

lenis appellatio litterarum,

id. Brut. 74, 159:

suavis appellatio litterarum,

Quint. 11, 3, 35:

quae si nostris litteris scribantur,

id. 12, 10, 28 litterarum ordine, in alphabetical order, Plin. 37, 9, 54, § 138:

verba primis litteris notare, Prob. de Not. Signif. 1 Huschke: digerere in litteram,

to arrange alphabetically, Sen. Ep. 68, 18: scire litteras, [p. 1072] to be able to read and write, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 23; Vitr. 1, 1, 14:

nescire litteras,

not to be able to read and write, id. Clem. 2, 1, 2; Suet. Ner. 10:

scribere aureis litteris,

Gai. Inst. 2, 77:

scientia litterarum,

the art of writing, Dig. 29, 2, 93:

facere litteram or litteras,

to write, Plaut. As. 4, 1, 22; Cic. Ac. 2, 2, 6.—In the language of comedy:

homo trium litterarum, i. e. fur,

a thief, Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 46: litteram ex se longam facere, i. e. to make an I by hanging perpendicularly, to hang one's self:

neque quicquam meliust mihi, ut opinor, quam ex me ut faciam litteram longam, meum laqueo collum quando obstrinxero,

id. ib. 1, 1, 37:

littera salutaris, i. e. A. (absolvo) and tristis, i. e. C. (condemno), which were put on the voting-tablets,

Cic. Mil. 6, 15.—

Transf.

A word, a line:

ad me litteram numquam misit,

Cic. Fam. 2, 17, 6: ad litteram, word for word, literally:

locum ad litteram subjeci,

Quint. 9, 1, 15.—

A handwriting:

Alexidis manum amabam, quod tam prope accedebat ad similitudinem tuae litterae,

Cic. Att. 7, 2, 3; cf.:

arguit ipsorum quos littera,

Juv. 13, 138 (v. also infra B. 1. fin.).—

Usually plur.

Littĕrae, ārum, f., a letter, epistle: litteras resignare, to unseal or open a letter, Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 65:

ut litterarum ego harum sermonem audio,

id. Ps. 1, 1, 97; Cic. Att. 1, 13, 1:

dare alicui litteras ad aliquem,

id. Cat. 3, 4, 9:

litteras mittere,

id. Att. 5, 21, 2:

reddere alicui,

id. ib. 5, 21, 4:

accipere,

id. ib. 5, 21, 7:

remittere,

id. ib. 11, 16, 4:

nullas iis praeterquam ad te et ad Brutum dedi litteras,

id. Fam. 3, 7, 1:

queri apud aliquem per litteras,

id. Att. 5, 21, 13: invitare aliquem perlitteras id. ib. 13, 2, 2:

civitatum animos litteris temptare,

Caes. B. C. 1, 40, 1: litterae missae, a letter sent by a person: litterae allatae, a letter received: hence, liber litterarum missarum et allatarum, a letter-book:

L. M. (i. e. litterae missae)... L. A. (i. e. litterae allatae), etc.,

Cic. Font. 4, 8; id. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.—In poets also sometimes in sing.:

quam legis a rapta Briseide littera venit,

Ov. H. 3, 1; 5, 2; id. M. 9, 515; Tib. 3, 2, 27; Mart. 10, 73 al.—

A writing, document, paper:

litterae publicae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140; 2, 4, 16, § 35; esp. a written acknowledgment:

littera poscetur,

Ov. A. A. 1, 428.—

An account-book:

ratio omnis et litterae,

Cic. Quint. 11, 37; id. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 27.—

An edict, ordinance:

praetoris litterae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 22, § 56:

litteras revocavit,

letter of appointment, commission, Suet. Vesp. 8. —

Written monuments, records, literature:

abest historia litteris nostris,

is wanting in our literature, Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 5:

Graecae de philosophia litterae,

philosophical literature, id. Div. 2, 2, 5:

genus hoc scriptionis nondum satis Latinis litteris illustratae,

id. Brut. 64, 228; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 1; id. Fin. 1, 2, 4:

Graecis litteris studere,

id. Brut. 20, 78:

damnum Hortensii interitu Latinae litterae fecerunt,

id. ib. 33, 125:

nullam artem litteris sine interprete et sine aliqua exercitatione percipi posse,

merely from books, id. Fam. 7, 19:

quod litteris exstet, Pherecydes primum dixit animos hominum esse sempiternos,

id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38:

parvae et rarae per eadem tempora litterae fuere,

Liv. 6, 1, 2; 7, 3, 6:

Etruscae,

id. 9, 36, 3:

paucissimos adhuc eloquentes litterae Romanae tulerunt,

Quint. 10, 1, 123: amor litterarum, id. prooem. 6.—

History, inasmuch as it is derived from written monuments:

cupidissimus litterarum fuit,

Nep. Cat. 3, 1; id. Pelop. 1:

parvae et rarae per eadem tempora litterae fuere,

Liv. 6, 1.—

Literary labor, composition:

omnis varietas litterarum mearum,

Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 12:

non nihil temporis tribuit litteris,

Nep. Hann. 13, 2.—

An inscription, Ov. M. 11, 706.—

Learning, the sciences, liberal education, scholarship, letters:

sit mihi orator tinctus litteris: audierit aliquid, legerit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 85:

erant in eo plurimae litterae,

id. Brut. 76, 265:

homo communium litterarum, et politioris humanitatis non expers,

id. de Or. 2, 7, 28:

homo sine ingenio, sine litteris,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 98:

fuit in illo ingenium, ratio, memoria, litterae, cura, cogitatio, diligentia,

id. Phil. 2, 45, 116:

mihi nihil libri, nihil litterae, nihil doctrina prodest,

id. Att. 9, 10, 2:

litterarum scientia,

id. Brut. 42, 153:

litterarum coguitio,

id. de Or. 3, 32, 127: nescire litteras, to be without a liberal education, id. Brut. 74, 259:

altiores litterae,

magic, Plin. 14, 4, 5, § 51.—Comically of the art of love: Litteras didicisti;

quando scis, sine alios discere,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 22.

littĕra (less correctly lītĕra), ae, f. [lino, q. v.], a letter, a written sign or mark signifying a sound.

Lit.:

cubitum hercle longis litteris signabo jam usquequaque, si quis, etc.,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 7:

quid hae locuntur litterae?

id. Bacch. 4, 7, 3; cf.: quid istae narrant? Tox. Perconctare ex ipsis;

ipsae tibi narrabunt,

id. Pers. 4, 3, 29:

sus rostro si humi A litteram impresserit,

Cic. Div. 1, 13, 23:

priscarum litterarum notae,

id. ib. 2, 41, 85:

maximis litteris incisum,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 63, § 154 fin.:

lenis appellatio litterarum,

id. Brut. 74, 159:

suavis appellatio litterarum,

Quint. 11, 3, 35:

quae si nostris litteris scribantur,

id. 12, 10, 28 litterarum ordine, in alphabetical order, Plin. 37, 9, 54, § 138:

verba primis litteris notare, Prob. de Not. Signif. 1 Huschke: digerere in litteram,

to arrange alphabetically, Sen. Ep. 68, 18: scire litteras, [p. 1072] to be able to read and write, Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 23; Vitr. 1, 1, 14:

nescire litteras,

not to be able to read and write, id. Clem. 2, 1, 2; Suet. Ner. 10:

scribere aureis litteris,

Gai. Inst. 2, 77:

scientia litterarum,

the art of writing, Dig. 29, 2, 93:

facere litteram or litteras,

to write, Plaut. As. 4, 1, 22; Cic. Ac. 2, 2, 6.—In the language of comedy:

homo trium litterarum, i. e. fur,

a thief, Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 46: litteram ex se longam facere, i. e. to make an I by hanging perpendicularly, to hang one's self:

neque quicquam meliust mihi, ut opinor, quam ex me ut faciam litteram longam, meum laqueo collum quando obstrinxero,

id. ib. 1, 1, 37:

littera salutaris, i. e. A. (absolvo) and tristis, i. e. C. (condemno), which were put on the voting-tablets,

Cic. Mil. 6, 15.—

Transf.

A word, a line:

ad me litteram numquam misit,

Cic. Fam. 2, 17, 6: ad litteram, word for word, literally:

locum ad litteram subjeci,

Quint. 9, 1, 15.—

A handwriting:

Alexidis manum amabam, quod tam prope accedebat ad similitudinem tuae litterae,

Cic. Att. 7, 2, 3; cf.:

arguit ipsorum quos littera,

Juv. 13, 138 (v. also infra B. 1. fin.).—

Usually plur.

Littĕrae, ārum, f., a letter, epistle: litteras resignare, to unseal or open a letter, Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 65:

ut litterarum ego harum sermonem audio,

id. Ps. 1, 1, 97; Cic. Att. 1, 13, 1:

dare alicui litteras ad aliquem,

id. Cat. 3, 4, 9:

litteras mittere,

id. Att. 5, 21, 2:

reddere alicui,

id. ib. 5, 21, 4:

accipere,

id. ib. 5, 21, 7:

remittere,

id. ib. 11, 16, 4:

nullas iis praeterquam ad te et ad Brutum dedi litteras,

id. Fam. 3, 7, 1:

queri apud aliquem per litteras,

id. Att. 5, 21, 13: invitare aliquem perlitteras id. ib. 13, 2, 2:

civitatum animos litteris temptare,

Caes. B. C. 1, 40, 1: litterae missae, a letter sent by a person: litterae allatae, a letter received: hence, liber litterarum missarum et allatarum, a letter-book:

L. M. (i. e. litterae missae)... L. A. (i. e. litterae allatae), etc.,

Cic. Font. 4, 8; id. Verr. 2, 3, 71, § 167.—In poets also sometimes in sing.:

quam legis a rapta Briseide littera venit,

Ov. H. 3, 1; 5, 2; id. M. 9, 515; Tib. 3, 2, 27; Mart. 10, 73 al.—

A writing, document, paper:

litterae publicae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 63, § 140; 2, 4, 16, § 35; esp. a written acknowledgment:

littera poscetur,

Ov. A. A. 1, 428.—

An account-book:

ratio omnis et litterae,

Cic. Quint. 11, 37; id. Verr. 2, 4, 12, § 27.—

An edict, ordinance:

praetoris litterae,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 22, § 56:

litteras revocavit,

letter of appointment, commission, Suet. Vesp. 8. —

Written monuments, records, literature:

abest historia litteris nostris,

is wanting in our literature, Cic. Leg. 1, 2, 5:

Graecae de philosophia litterae,

philosophical literature, id. Div. 2, 2, 5:

genus hoc scriptionis nondum satis Latinis litteris illustratae,

id. Brut. 64, 228; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 1; id. Fin. 1, 2, 4:

Graecis litteris studere,

id. Brut. 20, 78:

damnum Hortensii interitu Latinae litterae fecerunt,

id. ib. 33, 125:

nullam artem litteris sine interprete et sine aliqua exercitatione percipi posse,

merely from books, id. Fam. 7, 19:

quod litteris exstet, Pherecydes primum dixit animos hominum esse sempiternos,

id. Tusc. 1, 16, 38:

parvae et rarae per eadem tempora litterae fuere,

Liv. 6, 1, 2; 7, 3, 6:

Etruscae,

id. 9, 36, 3:

paucissimos adhuc eloquentes litterae Romanae tulerunt,

Quint. 10, 1, 123: amor litterarum, id. prooem. 6.—

History, inasmuch as it is derived from written monuments:

cupidissimus litterarum fuit,

Nep. Cat. 3, 1; id. Pelop. 1:

parvae et rarae per eadem tempora litterae fuere,

Liv. 6, 1.—

Literary labor, composition:

omnis varietas litterarum mearum,

Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 12:

non nihil temporis tribuit litteris,

Nep. Hann. 13, 2.—

An inscription, Ov. M. 11, 706.—

Learning, the sciences, liberal education, scholarship, letters:

sit mihi orator tinctus litteris: audierit aliquid, legerit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 85:

erant in eo plurimae litterae,

id. Brut. 76, 265:

homo communium litterarum, et politioris humanitatis non expers,

id. de Or. 2, 7, 28:

homo sine ingenio, sine litteris,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 98:

fuit in illo ingenium, ratio, memoria, litterae, cura, cogitatio, diligentia,

id. Phil. 2, 45, 116:

mihi nihil libri, nihil litterae, nihil doctrina prodest,

id. Att. 9, 10, 2:

litterarum scientia,

id. Brut. 42, 153:

litterarum coguitio,

id. de Or. 3, 32, 127: nescire litteras, to be without a liberal education, id. Brut. 74, 259:

altiores litterae,

magic, Plin. 14, 4, 5, § 51.—Comically of the art of love: Litteras didicisti;

quando scis, sine alios discere,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 22.

sors, tis (nom. sortis, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 28; abl. sorti. C. I. L. 198, 54; 200, 16; Plaut. Cas. 2, 7, 5; Liv. 4, 37, 6; 28, 45, 11; 29, 20, 4; cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 241; but sorti is dat., Verg. G. 4, 165 Forbig. ad loc.; Sil. 7, 3, 65), f. [2. sero; cf.: fors, fero], any thing used to determine chances.

Lit., a lot:

aut populna sors aut abiegna,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 32:

coniciam sortes in sitellam,

id. ib. 2, 5, 34 sq.:

tot in hydriam sortes conicerentur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 51, § 127:

ponere in sitellam,

Liv. 41, 18, 8;

and simply conicere,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 34 sq.; Cic. Lig. 7, 21:

deicere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 6 fin.; Verg. A. 5, 490; cf.:

cum dejecta in id sors esset,

lots were cast for it, Liv. 21, 42:

miscere,

Cic. Div. 2, 41, 86:

ducere,

id. ib. 2, 41, 86; id. Verr. 2, 4, 64, § 143:

cum de consularibus mea prima sors exisset,

id. Att. 1, 19, 3:

ut cujusque sors exciderat,

Liv. 21, 42, 3:

sortem in sitellam latam,

id. 41, 18, 8 Weissenb.:

et Caere sortes extenuatas (creditum est), as an omen of ill,

id. 21, 62, 5 and 8:

sortes suā sponte adtenuatas,

id. 22, 1, 11.—Of chances or tickets in a lottery, Suet. Aug. 75 fin.; Lampr. Heliog. 21 fin. —

Transf.

Abstr., a casting or drawing of lots, decision by lot, lot:

quaestor quem sors dedit,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3, § 11:

res revocatur ad sortem,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 51, § 127:

sorti sum victus,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 7, 5:

ei sorte provincia Sicilia obvenit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17; cf.:

cui Sicilia provincia sorte evenisset,

Liv. 29, 20;

for which: cui ea provincia sorti evenit,

id. 4, 37, 6:

Q. Caecilio sorte evenit, ut in Bruttiis adversum Hannibalem bellum gereret,

id. 28, 45, 11:

sorte ductus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 51; Sall. Fragm. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 2, 201:

sorte ducti e primoribus civitatis unus et viginti,

Tac. A. 1, 54; 13, 29: sorte in provinciam proficisci, S. C. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 8:

sorte agros legionibus assignare, Brut. ib., 11, 20, 3 et saep.: de se ter sortibus consultum dicebat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 53 fin.:

jubet extra sortem Theomnastum renuntiari,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 51, § 127:

extra sortem agrum Campanum dividere,

Suet. Caes. 20. —

A lot, share, the duty assigned by lot, esp. of the prætors, who divided by lot the duties of their office:

praetores, Q. Fulvius Flaccus urbanam, M. Valerius Laevinus peregrinam sortem in juris dictione habuit,

Liv. 23, 30, 18; 22, 35, 5; cf.:

urbana, peregrina (sc. sors),

id. 27, 36, 10; 28, 10, 9 al.:

urbana et peregrina (provinciae), quae duorum ante sors fuerat,

id. 25, 3, 2; 24, 44, 2; [p. 1733] cf. id. 35, 41, 6:

comitia suae sortis esse,

i.e. had by lot been assigned to him, id. 35, 6, 2;

hence, numquam ex urbe afuit nisi sorte,

i.e. on official duty, Cic. Planc. 27, 67.—

In gen., an oracular response (which was often written on a little tablet or lot), a prophecy (cf. responsum):

cum (Spartiatae) oraculum ab Jove Dodonaeo petivissent legatique illud, in quo inerant sortes, collocavissent: simia et sortis ipsas et cetera quae erant ad sortem parata, disturbavit,

Cic. Div. 1, 34, 76:

ut interpres egeat interprete et sors ipsa ad sortis referenda sit,

id. ib. 2, 56, 115:

Italiam Lyciae jussere capessere sortes,

i.e. the oracles of the Lycian Apollo, Verg. A. 4, 346; 4, 377; so,

Phoebeae,

Ov. M. 3, 130:

faticinae,

id. ib. 15, 436:

sacrae,

id. ib. 1, 368;

11, 412: edita oraculo,

Curt. 3, 1, 16; 5, 4, 11; 6, 9, 18; Val. Max. 1, 6, 3:

neque responsa sortium ulli alii committere ausus,

Liv. 1, 56: conjecturam postulat, ut se edoceret, Quo sese vertant tantae sortes somniūm, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 21, 42 (Trag. v. 64 Vahl.).—

In partic., oracular sayings, verses, or sentences at the opening of a book, selected for the purpose:

sortes Vergilii or Vergilianae,

Lampr. Alex. Sev. 14, 5; Spart. Had. 2, 8:

sacrae,

Tib. 1, 3, 11:

sanctorum,

Isid. Orig. 8, 9, 28:

sortes tollere,

Tib. 1. 1.:

ducere,

Juv. 6, 583:

de paginis poëtae cujusdam sortem consulere,

Aug. Conf. 4, 3:

de paginis evangelicis sortes legere,

id. Ep. 119.—

In gen., like the Engl. lot, for fate, destiny, chance, fortune, condition, share, part (esp. freq. after the Aug. per.; cf.

fors, casus, fortuna): nescia mens hominum fati sortisque futurae,

Verg. A. 10, 501:

ferrea sors vitae,

Ov. Tr. 5, 3, 28:

vires ultra sortemque senectae,

Verg. A. 6, 114:

iniqua,

id. ib. 6, 332; Liv. 38, 23:

qui fit, ut nemo, quam sibi sortem Seu ratio dederit seu fors objecerit, illa Contentus vivat,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 1:

sperat infestis, metuit secundis Alteram sortem,

id. C. 2, 10, 14:

sors mea fuit irrequieta,

Ov. M. 2, 386:

sors querenda, Non celanda foret,

id. ib. 3, 551:

aliena,

Liv. 21, 43, 2:

sunt quibus ad portas cecidit custodia sorti,

to whose lot, Verg. G. 4, 165; Sil. 7, 368:

homines ultimae sortis,

Suet. Aug. 19; cf.: non tuae sortis juvenem, of your rank or condition, Hor. C. 4, 11, 22:

sors tua mortalis,

Ov. M. 2, 56:

nec cedit nisi sorte mihi,

id. ib. 5, 529:

dilectos inter sors prima sodales,

id. Tr. 4, 5, 1:

huic sortem concede priorem,

id. A. A. 1, 581:

quattuor ille quidem juvenes totidemque crearat Femineae sortis,

i. e. of the female sex, id. M. 6, 680; so,

feminea,

id. ib. 13, 651:

altera,

id. ib. 9, 676; cf. id. ib. 3, 329:

Saturni sors ego prima fui,

i. e. the first child, id. F. 6, 30:

suae sortis oblitus,

Curt. 3, 2, 11:

ultima,

id. 9, 2, 6:

nec pars nec sors in sermone isto,

Vulg. Act. 8, 21.—With gen.:

cujus mali sors incidit Remis,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 12, 3:

incommodi,

id. ib. 8, 1 fin.:

nobis quoniam prima animi ingenique negata sors est, secundam ac mediam teneamus,

Liv. 22, 29, 9:

puer post avi mortem in nullam sortem bonorum natus (opp. omnium heredi bonorum),

to no share of the property, id. 1, 34, 3:

praedae mala sors,

Ov. M. 13, 485:

utrius vitae sortem legant,

Just. 1, 6, 6:

servitutis,

id. 6, 5, 1.—

In partic., in mercant. lang. (prop. fortune, money; hence), capital bearing interest, principal:

et sors et fenus,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 122; 5, 2, 38; 3, 1, 34; 3, 1, 64; 3, 1, 70; 3, 1, 84; Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 35; Cic. Att. 6, 1, 3; Liv. 6, 14; 6, 15; Plin. praef. § 23; Mart. 5, 42, 3; Dig. 33, 2, 24; Inscr. Orell. 4405; cf. Varr. L. L. 6, § 65, and id. ib. 5, § 183 Müll.—

A rank, class, order (late Lat.):

ex turbā imae sortis,

Amm. 14, 6, 25.

ūtor (old form oetor, oesus, etc., from oitor, oisus, Lex. Thor. lin. 11; inf. parag. oetier, Rogat. Tribun. ap. Fest. p. 246 Müll.; Cic. Leg. 3, 4), ūsus ( inf. utier, Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 4; Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 13), 3, v. dep. [etym. dub.].

Prop., to use.

With abl.

To make use of, employ: cave... ne tibi hoc scipione malum magnum dem. Paeg. Jam utere eo, Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 36: Th. Oh Epidicumne ego conspicor? Ep. Certe oculis utere, Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 4:

hoc oculo,

id. Mil. 4, 7, 25:

sola potest animi per se natura... durare et sensibus uti,

Lucr. 3, 560:

de rebus ipsis utere tuo judicio,

Cic. Off. 1, 1, 2:

utinam, quem ad modum oratione sum usurus alienā, sic mihi ore uti liceret alieno,

id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:

utor neque perantiquis neque inhumanis ac feris testibus,

cite, appeal to, id. ib. 1, 37, 58:

neque enim accusatore muto neque teste quisquam utitur eo, qui de accusatoris subsellio surgit,

id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104:

num argumentis utendum in re ejus modi?

id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11:

mancipium, quo et omnes utimur, et non praebetur a populo,

id. ib. 2, 4, 5, §

9: quo interprete non ad linguam Graecam, sed ad furta et flagitia uti solebat,

id. ib. 2, 3, 37, §

84: ut postea numquam dextro (oculo) aeque bene usus sit,

Nep. Hann. 4, 3:

si licet exemplis in parvo grandibus uti,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 25:

viribus utendum est, quas fecimus,

Luc. 1, 347.—With ad: ad eam rem usus est tuā mihi operā Sa. Utere, ut vis, Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 27:

earum (navium) materiā atque aere ad reliquas reficiendas utebatur,

Caes. B. G. 4, 31:

administris ad ea sacrificia Druidibus,

id. ib. 6, 16:

ut eā potestate ad quaestum uteretur,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3, § 11:

ad quam rem (deus) motu mentis ac ratione utatur,

id. N. D. 1, 37, 104.—With pro:

utuntur aut aere aut taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis pro nummo,

Caes. B. G. 5, 12.—

Esp.

To manage, control, wield:

bene ut armis, optime ut equis uteretur,

Cic. Deiot. 10, 28:

nemo est quin eo ipso (equo), quo consuevit, libentius utatur quam intractato,

id. Lael. 19, 68.—

To spend, use:

velim cum illā videas ut sit qui utamur (sc. pecunia),

Cic. Att. 11, 11, 2:

tantis vectigalibus ad liberalitatem utens,

id. Fin. 2, 26, 84:

cum horis nostris nos essemus usi,

spent, exhausted, id. Verr. 2, 1, 11, § 30.— Absol.:

notum et quaerere et uti,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 57.—

To wear:

pellibus aut parvis renonum tegimentis utuntur, magnā corporis parte nudā,

Caes. B. G. 6, 21 fin.:

ne insignibus quidem regiis Tullus nisi jussu populi est ausus uti,

Cic. Rep. 2, 17, 31.—

To accept, adopt:

eā condicione, quae a Caesare ferretur, se usuros ostendebant,

Caes. B. G. 4, 11:

praeposteris enim utimur consiliis et acta agimus,

Cic. Lael. 22, 85.—

To resort to, consult:

neque Vectium ad se arcessit, quaestorem suum, cujus consilio uteretur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 114:

oraculo,

Tac. A. 2, 54.—

Of a form or style of speech, sentiment, etc., to make, adopt, employ:

sermonibus morologis utier,

Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 21:

si provincia loqui posset, hac voce uteretur,

Cic. Div. in Caecin. 5, 19:

hac unā defensione,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 4, § 8:

haec oratio, quā me uti res publica coëgit,

id. Rosc. Am. 49, 143:

cum hortatione non egeas, non utar eā pluribus verbis,

id. Fam. 11, 5, 3:

illa criminatio, quā in me absentem usus est,

id. Agr. 3, 1, 3.—

To perform, exercise, practise, etc.:

crucior, patrem... nunc inprobi viri officio uti,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 14:

eādem nos disciplinā utimur,

id. As. 1, 3, 49; cf.:

nec vero habere virtutem satis est quasi artem aliquam, nisi utare: etsi ars quidem, cum eā non utare, scientiā ipsā teneri potest,

Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 2:

diuturni silentii, quo eram his temporibus usus, finem hodiernus dies attulit,

observed, kept, id. Marcell. 1, 1:

eos (senes) ego fortasse nunc imitor et utor aetatis vitio,

id. Fam. 2, 16, 6:

ratione utuntur,

exercise moderation, Plaut. Cas. prol. 27:

ut anteponantur... ratione utentia rationis expertibus,

Cic. Top. 18, 69:

ne tu, leno, postules Te hic fide lenoniā uti: non potis,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 30:

viribus uteris per clivos,

Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 10.—With adverb. acc.:

ut hoc utimur maxime more moro multum,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 1:

ita aperte ipsam rem locutus nil circuitione usus es,

Ter. And. 1, 2, 31.—

In gen., to use, enjoy, profit by, take advantage of, etc.: otio qui nescit uti plus negoti habet, quam, etc., Enn. ap. Gell. 19, 20, 12 (Trag. Rel. v. 252 Vahl.): sinite... eodem ut jure uti senem Liceat, quo jure sum usus adulescentior, i. e. enjoy, exercise, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 2:

commodius esse opinor duplici spe utier,

id. Phorm. 4, 2, 13:

serius a terrā provectae naves neque usae nocturnā aurā in redeundo offenderunt,

Caes. B. C. 3, 8:

commoda quibus utimur lucemque quā fruimur ab eo nobis dari,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 45, 131:

in maximo meo dolore hoc solacio utor, quod, etc.,

id. Fam. 11, 26 init.: usus est hoc cupidine, tamdiu, dum, etc., had the use of, i. e. borrowed, id. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 6; cf.

I. B. 2. infra: utatur suis bonis oportet et fruatur, qui beatus futurus est,

id. N. D. 1, 37, 103:

propter nauticarum rerum scientiam plurimisque maritimis rebus fruimur atque utimur,

id. ib. 2, 60, 152:

si fortunā permittitis uti,

to try, take advantage of, Verg. A. 9, 240:

nostrā utere amicitiā, ut voles,

Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 38; cf.:

decet hunc ordinem... bene utier amicitiā,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 24:

libertate modice utantur,

Liv. 34, 49, 8:

deorum Muneribus sapienter uti,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 48:

Ofellam Integris opibus novi non latius usum Quam nunc accisis,

id. S. 2, 2, 113:

quia parvo nesciet uti,

id. Ep. 1, 10, 41:

temporibus sapienter utens,

taking advantage of, Nep. Epam. 3, 1.—Prov.: foro uti, to make one's market, i. e. accommodate one's prices, actions, etc., to circumstances, take advantage of events:

scisti uti foro,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29.— Absol.:

opportunae sunt divitiae ut utare (sc. eis),

Cic. Lael. 6, 22.— With adverb. acc.:

ne Silius quidem quicquam utitur (sc. suis hortis),

Cic. Att. 12, 22, 3. —

Of passions, traits of character, etc., to indulge, practise, exercise, yield to, etc.:

inter nos amore utemur semper subrepticio?

Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 49:

alacritate ac studio,

Caes. B. G. 4, 24:

severitas, quā tu in iis rebus usus es,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 6, § 19:

usus est ipse incredibili patientiā,

id. Phil. 1, 4, 9: ego pervicaciam (esse hanc) aio, et eā me uti volo, Att. ap. Non. 433, 1 (Trag. Rel. v. 5 Rib.):

dementer amoribus usa,

Ov. M. 4, 259.—With in and acc.:

ut suā clementiā ac mansuetudine in eos utatur,

Caes. B. G. 2, 14.—

To experience, undergo, receive, enjoy, etc., ne simili utamur fortunā atque usi sumus, Quom, etc., Ter. Phorm. prol. 31:

hoc honore usi togati solent esse,

Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 32:

homines amplissimis usos honoribus,

id. Fl. 19, 45:

nobiles amplis honoribus usi,

Sall. J. 25, 4:

neminem curuli honore usum praeterierunt,

Liv. 34, 44, 4:

primus externorum usus illo honore quem majores Latio quoque negaverint,

Plin. 7, 43, 44, § 136: quoniam semel est odio civiliter usus, Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 41.—

To use as food or medicine, to take, drink, etc.:

lacte mero veteres usi memorantur et herbis,

Ov. F. 4, 369:

aquis frigidis,

Cels. 1, 1:

antidoto,

Scrib. Comp. 171:

medicamento,

id. ib. 228:

vino modice,

Cels. 8, 11:

ex altero (loco, i. e. ex lacu) ut pecus uti possit (sc. aquā),

Varr. R. R. 1, 11, 2.—

With the thing used, etc., as direct obj. (class. only in gerund. constr.; v. infra): nuptias abjeci, amicos utor primoris viros, Turp. ap. Non. p. 497, 15 (Com. Rel. v. 164 Rib.):

facilitatem vulgariam,

Nov. ib. 481, 21 (Com. Rel. v. 98 ib.):

res pulchras, quas uti solet,

id. ib. 500, 16 (Com. Rel. v. 69 ib.):

ita uti eum oportet libertatem,

Titin. ib. 481, 19 (Com. Rel. v. 98 ib.):

cetera quae volumus uti Graecā mercamur fide,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 47:

dic mihi, an boni quid usquam'st, quod quisquam uti possiet,

id. Merc. 1, 2, 37:

diutine uti bene licet partum bene,

id. Rud. 4, 7, 15:

profecto uteris ut voles operam meam,

id. Poen. 5, 2, 128:

mea, quae praeter spem evenere, utantur sine,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 29:

BALINEVM... QVOD VSI FVERANT AMPLIVS ANNIS XXXX.,

Inscr. Orell. 202: si quid est, quod utar, utor: si non est, egeo, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 23, 1:

oleam albam, quam voles uti, condito,

id. R. R. 118:

quam rem etiam nomine eodem medici utuntur,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 23:

ferrum,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 17, 4.—

Hence, esp. gerund. in phrases dare utendum, to lend; recipere or rogare or petere utendum, to borrow, etc. (class.;

freq. in Plaut.): quod datum utendum'st,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 7:

quae utenda vasa semper vicini rogant,

id. Aul. 1, 2, 18; 2, 4, 32; 2, 9, 4; id. Pers. 1, 3, 47 sq.; id. Mil. 2, 3, 76; id. Rud. 3, 1, 10: auris tibi contra utendas dabo, Enn. ap. Non. 506, 1 (Trag. Rel. v. 364 Vahl.); Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 81:

quae bona is Heraclio omnia utenda ac possidenda tradiderat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 18, § 46:

te, quod utendum acceperis, reddidisse,

id. Tusc. 3, 17, 36:

multa rogant utenda dari, data reddere nolunt,

Ov. A. A. 1, 433.—

Transf. (through the intermediate idea of having and using).

Pregn., to enjoy the friendship of any one; to be familiar or intimate with, to associate with a person.

With abl:

his Fabriciis semper est usus Oppianicus familiarissime,

Cic. Clu. 16, 46:

quā (Caeciliā) pater usus erat plurimum,

id. Rosc. Am. 11, 27:

Trebonio multos annos utor valde familiariter,

id. Fam. 1, 3, 1:

Lucceius qui multum utitur Bruto,

id. Att. 16, 5, 3:

utere Pompeio Grospho,

Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 22:

quo pacto deceat majoribus uti,

id. ib. 1, 17, 2:

si sciret regibus uti,

ib. ib. 14:

ita me verebatur ut me formatore morum, me quasi magistro uteretur,

Plin. Ep. 8, 23, 2.—

With acc.:

vilica vicinas aliasque mulieres quam minimum utatur,

Cato, R. R. 143, 1.—

To be in possession of a thing, esp. to have, hold, or find a thing in some particular mode or character; with abl.:

mihi si unquam filius erit, ne ille facili me utetur patre,

he shall find an indulgent father in me, Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 5; cf.:

patre usus est diligente et diti,

Nep. Att. 1, 2:

bonis justisque regibus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 33, 50:

quae (sc. libertas) non in eo est, ut justo utamur domino, sed ut nullo,

id. ib. 2, 23, 43; cf. id. Fin. 1, 1, 2:

hic vide quam me sis usurus aequo,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 59, § 154:

ut is illis benignis usus est ad commodandum,

id. ib. 2, 4, 3, §

6: ne bestiis quoque immanioribus uteremur,

id. Rosc. Am. 26, 71:

me Capitolinus convictore usus amicoque A puero est,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 95:

uteris monitoribus isdem,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 154:

valetudine non bonā,

Caes. B. C. 3, 49:

quo (sc. Philoctete) successore sagittae Herculis utuntur,

Ov. M. 13, 52.— Absol.:

nam pol placidum te et clementem eo usque modo ut volui usus sum in alto (= placidum te esse ut volui, sic te usus sum),

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 8.—Hence, P. a.: ūtens, ntis, m., possessing, that possesses:

utentior sane sit,

i. e. a larger possessor, richer, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.