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81 desatar
v.1 to untie (nudo, lazo).Elsa desató los zapatos del chico Elsa untied the boy's shoes.2 to unleash.Su mala actitud desató la furia His bad attitude unleashed the fury.* * *1 (soltar - gen) to untie, undo, unfasten; (- perro etc) to let loose■ su dimisión desató la polémica en el seno del partido his resignation sparked off a dispute within the party1 (soltarse) to come untied, come undone, come unfastened2 figurado (desencadenarse) to break, explode\desatarse en to lash out withdesatarse la lengua to loosen one's tongue* * *verb1) to untie, undo2) trigger* * *1. VT1) [+ nudo, cuerda, cordones] to untie, undodesátate los zapatos — untie o undo your shoelaces
desata el paquete y saca el regalo — untie o undo the parcel and take out the present
2) (=desencadenar) [+ guerra, crisis] to trigger, spark (off); [+ sentimiento, pasión] to unleashlas nuevas medidas han desatado una ola de atentados — the new measures have triggered o sparked (off) a wave of attacks
sus palabras desataron una intensa polémica — his words sparked (off) o unleashed a storm of controversy
3) (=disolver) to dissolve4) †2.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) <nudo/lazo> to untie, undo2) ( desencadenar)a) (liter) <cólera/pasiones> to unleashb) <crisis/revuelta> to spark off; < polémica> to provoke, give rise to2.desatarse v pron1)a) nudo/cordones to come undone o untied; perro/caballo to get looseb) (refl) persona to untie oneself; <cordones/zapatos> to untie, undo2) ( desencadenarse)a) (liter) pasiones/ira/furia to be unleashedb) polémica/crisis to erupt, flare up; revuelta to break outc) tormenta/temporal to break* * *= undo, spark, unleash, unwind, set off, untie.Ex. The National Library of Estonia, established in 1918, is undergoing a revolutionary period of undoing the effects of the cultural policies of the communist regime.Ex. The nineteenth century was, quite rightly, fearful of any system of spreading knowledge which might spark the tinder box of unrest.Ex. The economic climate of the 1980s, unleashing competitive forces and threatening the survival of some institutions, has had a major impact on both hospitals and academic health centres.Ex. Short wedges, or quoins, were then put in between the long wedges and the inside of the chase, loosely at first so that the string with which the pages were tied up could be unwound and removed.Ex. The dollar has been losing value, weakening its status as the world's major currency and setting off jitters in the international financial system.Ex. Bridling a horse safely starts with untying the horse.----* desatarse = come + undone, come + loose.* desatar una crisis = precipitate + crisis, precipitate + crisis.* desatar una guerra = precipitate + war.* desatar un nudo = untie + knot.* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) <nudo/lazo> to untie, undo2) ( desencadenar)a) (liter) <cólera/pasiones> to unleashb) <crisis/revuelta> to spark off; < polémica> to provoke, give rise to2.desatarse v pron1)a) nudo/cordones to come undone o untied; perro/caballo to get looseb) (refl) persona to untie oneself; <cordones/zapatos> to untie, undo2) ( desencadenarse)a) (liter) pasiones/ira/furia to be unleashedb) polémica/crisis to erupt, flare up; revuelta to break outc) tormenta/temporal to break* * *= undo, spark, unleash, unwind, set off, untie.Ex: The National Library of Estonia, established in 1918, is undergoing a revolutionary period of undoing the effects of the cultural policies of the communist regime.
Ex: The nineteenth century was, quite rightly, fearful of any system of spreading knowledge which might spark the tinder box of unrest.Ex: The economic climate of the 1980s, unleashing competitive forces and threatening the survival of some institutions, has had a major impact on both hospitals and academic health centres.Ex: Short wedges, or quoins, were then put in between the long wedges and the inside of the chase, loosely at first so that the string with which the pages were tied up could be unwound and removed.Ex: The dollar has been losing value, weakening its status as the world's major currency and setting off jitters in the international financial system.Ex: Bridling a horse safely starts with untying the horse.* desatarse = come + undone, come + loose.* desatar una crisis = precipitate + crisis, precipitate + crisis.* desatar una guerra = precipitate + war.* desatar un nudo = untie + knot.* * *desatar [A1 ]vtA1 ‹nudo/lazo› to untie, undo2 ‹persona› to untie; ‹perro› to let … loose, let … off the leash1 ( liter); ‹cólera/pasiones› to unleash2 ‹crisis› to spark off, trigger, precipitate ( frml); ‹revuelta› to cause, spark off; ‹polémica› to provoke, give rise tohan desatado una campaña de ataques contra ella they have launched a campaign of attacks against herA1 «nudo/lazo/cordones» to come undone o untied; «perro/caballo» to get loose2 ( refl) «persona» to untie oneself3 ( refl) «persona» ‹cordones/zapatos› to untie, undo1 ( liter); ‹pasiones/ira/furia› to be unleashed, be let looselos nervios se desataron tempers flared2«persona»: se desató en insultos contra nosotros he let fly at us with a string of insults3 «polémica/crisis» to erupt, flare up; «revuelta» to break outuna ola de violencia se ha desatado en todo el país a wave of violence has broken out throughout the country4 «tormenta/temporal» to break* * *
desatar ( conjugate desatar) verbo transitivo
‹ perro› to let … loose
desatarse verbo pronominala) [nudo/cordones] to come undone o untied;
[perro/caballo] to get loose
‹cordones/zapatos› to untie, undo
desatar verbo transitivo
1 to untie, undo
2 (provocar, desencadenar) to unleash: la medida desató la indignación de los trabajadores, the measure drove the workers to a state of indignation
' desatar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
soltar
English:
draw out
- loosen
- spark off
- unfasten
- unleash
- untie
- loose
- undo
* * *♦ vt1. [nudo, lazo] to untie;[paquete] to undo2. [animal] to unleash;[persona] to untie3. [tormenta, ira, pasión] to unleash;[entusiasmo] to arouse; [motín, disturbios, protestas] to spark off, to trigger; [lengua] to loosen;la decisión desató una ola de manifestaciones the decision set off o triggered a wave of demonstrations;su dimisión desató la crisis de gobierno his resignation triggered o precipitated the governmental crisis* * *v/t untie; figunleash* * *desatar vt1) : to undo, to untie2) : to unleash3) : to trigger, to precipitate* * *desatar vb1. (persona, cuerda, cordones) to untie -
82 desencadenar
v.1 to unchain (preso, perro).Ricardo desencadenó al perro Richard unchained the dog.2 to give rise to, to spark off.la medida desencadenó fuertes protestas the measure provoked furious protests3 to trigger, to detonate, to activate, to provoke.Su actitud desencadenó un pleito Her attitude triggered the fight.* * *1 (quitar la cadena) to unchain2 (pasiones) to unleash3 figurado (producir) to spark off, give rise to1 (desatarse) to break loose2 (guerra) to break out3 (acontecimientos) to start* * *verb* * *1. VT1) (=quitar las cadenas de) [+ prisionero] to unchain; [+ perro] to unleash2) (=desatar) [+ ira] to unleash; [+ crisis] to trigger, set off2.See:* * *1.verbo transitivoa) <crisis/protesta/reacción> to trigger2.desencadenarse v pron explosión/reacción to be triggered off; guerra to break out; tempestad to break* * *= spark off, trigger, spark, unleash, touch off, set off.Ex. Like the librarians and the bookshop staff, the club members are catalysts who spark off that fission which will spread from child to child an awareness of books and the habit of reading them.Ex. Nevertheless, the fact that these general lists cannot serve for every application has triggered a search for more consistent approaches.Ex. The nineteenth century was, quite rightly, fearful of any system of spreading knowledge which might spark the tinder box of unrest.Ex. The economic climate of the 1980s, unleashing competitive forces and threatening the survival of some institutions, has had a major impact on both hospitals and academic health centres.Ex. This decision touched off a battle of wills between the library and the government as well as a blitz of media publicity.Ex. The dollar has been losing value, weakening its status as the world's major currency and setting off jitters in the international financial system.* * *1.verbo transitivoa) <crisis/protesta/reacción> to trigger2.desencadenarse v pron explosión/reacción to be triggered off; guerra to break out; tempestad to break* * *= spark off, trigger, spark, unleash, touch off, set off.Ex: Like the librarians and the bookshop staff, the club members are catalysts who spark off that fission which will spread from child to child an awareness of books and the habit of reading them.
Ex: Nevertheless, the fact that these general lists cannot serve for every application has triggered a search for more consistent approaches.Ex: The nineteenth century was, quite rightly, fearful of any system of spreading knowledge which might spark the tinder box of unrest.Ex: The economic climate of the 1980s, unleashing competitive forces and threatening the survival of some institutions, has had a major impact on both hospitals and academic health centres.Ex: This decision touched off a battle of wills between the library and the government as well as a blitz of media publicity.Ex: The dollar has been losing value, weakening its status as the world's major currency and setting off jitters in the international financial system.* * *desencadenar [A1 ]vt1 ‹crisis/protesta› to triggerla matanza desencadenó una ola de protestas the killings triggered o unleashed a wave of protest2 ‹explosión/reacción› to trigger3 ‹perro› to unleash, let … off the leash; ‹preso› to unchain, unshackle«explosión/reacción» to be triggered off; «guerra» to break out; «crisis» to breakde repente se desencadenó una violenta tempestad suddenly a violent storm brokese desencadenó una ola de protestas a storm of protests erupted, it provoked a storm of protests* * *
desencadenar ( conjugate desencadenar) verbo transitivo
‹ preso› to unchain
desencadenarse verbo pronominal [explosión/reacción] to be triggered off;
[ guerra] to break out;
[ tempestad] to break
desencadenar verbo transitivo
1 to unchain
2 (producir, dar lugar) to unleash
' desencadenar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
desatar
English:
set off
- start
- touch off
- trigger
- unleash
* * *♦ vt1. [preso, perro] to unchain2. [viento, tormenta] to unleash3. [accidente, polémica] to give rise to;[pasión] to unleash; [conflicto] to trigger, to spark off;la medida desencadenó fuertes protestas the measure triggered furious protests* * *v/t figset off, trigger* * *desencadenar vt1) : to unchain2) : to trigger, to unleash -
83 incitar
v.1 to incite (a la violencia).el hambre le incitó a robar hunger made him steal¿qué le incitó a hacerlo? what made him do it?María incitó a la multitud Mary incited the multitude2 to abet, to instigate.María incitó al policía Mary abetted the cop.* * *1 to incite (a, to)* * *verb1) to incite2) urge, encourage* * *VT to incite* * *verbo transitivo* * *= arouse, fuel, prompt, spur, spur on, abet, exhort, instigate, tease, egg on, emplace, twit, taunt, tantalise [tantalize, -USA], set off, goad, incite.Ex. The appearance of this volume aroused such a furor within and without the British Museum that further publication of the catalog was suspended.Ex. This is in line with recent trends in the historical sciences generally fuelled by the feeling that in the past historians did not pay enough attention to what is, after all, the majority of humanity.Ex. An earlier leakage had prompted library staff to make arrangements with a nearby firm of book conservation specialists in the event of a further disaster.Ex. Spurred by press comments on dumping of withdrawn library books in rubbish skips, Birkerd Library requested the Ministry of Culture's permission to sell withdrawn materials.Ex. The paper-makers, spurred on by the urgent need to increase their supply of raw material, eventually mastered the new technique.Ex. This article questions the pricing policies of some publishers for journals suggesting that librarians have inadvertently aided and abetted them in some cases.Ex. As he began to speak, she exhorted herself to pay close attention, not to let herself be so distracted by the earlier event that her mind would be off in some obscure cavern of her soul.Ex. The first mass removal of material was instigated by the trade unions and although admitted in 1932 to have been a mistake, the purges proved difficult to stop.Ex. I like to be considered one of the team, to joke with and tease the employee but that sure creates a problem when I have to discipline, correct, or fire an employee.Ex. In the novel, residents of the drought-plagued hamlet of Champaner, egged on by a salt-of-the-earth hothead leader, recklessly accept a sporting challenge thrown down by the commander of the local British troops.Ex. For them musical performance emplaces and embodies community identities in very specific ways.Ex. Don't be tempted into twitting me with the past knowledge that you have of me, because it is identical with the past knowledge that I have of you, and in twitting me, you twit yourself.Ex. The writer describes how he spent his school days avoiding bullies who taunted him because he was a dancer.Ex. He may have wished to tease and tantalize his readers by insoluble problems.Ex. The dollar has been losing value, weakening its status as the world's major currency and setting off jitters in the international financial system.Ex. Al Qaeda will goad us into war with Iran because it serves their own interests.Ex. It is illegal to operate websites inciting terrorism under the Terrorism Act.----* incitar a = sting into.* incitar a Alguien a la acción = stir + Nombre + into action.* incitar camorra = rustle up + trouble.* incitar controversia = arouse + controversy.* incitar el odio = incite + hatred.* incitar escándalo = arouse + furor.* incitar hostilidad = arouse + hostility.* incitar la curiosidad = provoke + curiosity, excite + curiosity.* incitar la violencia = incite + violence.* incitar polémica = rattle + Posesivo + cage.* incitar una respuesta = provoke + response.* preguntas para incitar el debate = discussion question.* que incita a la reflexión = provocative of.* * *verbo transitivo* * *= arouse, fuel, prompt, spur, spur on, abet, exhort, instigate, tease, egg on, emplace, twit, taunt, tantalise [tantalize, -USA], set off, goad, incite.Ex: The appearance of this volume aroused such a furor within and without the British Museum that further publication of the catalog was suspended.
Ex: This is in line with recent trends in the historical sciences generally fuelled by the feeling that in the past historians did not pay enough attention to what is, after all, the majority of humanity.Ex: An earlier leakage had prompted library staff to make arrangements with a nearby firm of book conservation specialists in the event of a further disaster.Ex: Spurred by press comments on dumping of withdrawn library books in rubbish skips, Birkerd Library requested the Ministry of Culture's permission to sell withdrawn materials.Ex: The paper-makers, spurred on by the urgent need to increase their supply of raw material, eventually mastered the new technique.Ex: This article questions the pricing policies of some publishers for journals suggesting that librarians have inadvertently aided and abetted them in some cases.Ex: As he began to speak, she exhorted herself to pay close attention, not to let herself be so distracted by the earlier event that her mind would be off in some obscure cavern of her soul.Ex: The first mass removal of material was instigated by the trade unions and although admitted in 1932 to have been a mistake, the purges proved difficult to stop.Ex: I like to be considered one of the team, to joke with and tease the employee but that sure creates a problem when I have to discipline, correct, or fire an employee.Ex: In the novel, residents of the drought-plagued hamlet of Champaner, egged on by a salt-of-the-earth hothead leader, recklessly accept a sporting challenge thrown down by the commander of the local British troops.Ex: For them musical performance emplaces and embodies community identities in very specific ways.Ex: Don't be tempted into twitting me with the past knowledge that you have of me, because it is identical with the past knowledge that I have of you, and in twitting me, you twit yourself.Ex: The writer describes how he spent his school days avoiding bullies who taunted him because he was a dancer.Ex: He may have wished to tease and tantalize his readers by insoluble problems.Ex: The dollar has been losing value, weakening its status as the world's major currency and setting off jitters in the international financial system.Ex: Al Qaeda will goad us into war with Iran because it serves their own interests.Ex: It is illegal to operate websites inciting terrorism under the Terrorism Act.* incitar a = sting into.* incitar a Alguien a la acción = stir + Nombre + into action.* incitar camorra = rustle up + trouble.* incitar controversia = arouse + controversy.* incitar el odio = incite + hatred.* incitar escándalo = arouse + furor.* incitar hostilidad = arouse + hostility.* incitar la curiosidad = provoke + curiosity, excite + curiosity.* incitar la violencia = incite + violence.* incitar polémica = rattle + Posesivo + cage.* incitar una respuesta = provoke + response.* preguntas para incitar el debate = discussion question.* que incita a la reflexión = provocative of.* * *incitar [A1 ]vtincitar a algn A algo to incite sb TO sthincitaron al ejército a la rebelión they incited the army to rebellion o to rebelpelículas que incitan a la violencia films which encourage violence o which incite people to violencelo hizo incitado por sus compañeros his friends encouraged him to do it, his friends put him up to it ( colloq)incitar a algn CONTRA algn to incite sb AGAINST sblos incitaba contra sus superiores he was inciting them against their superiors* * *
incitar ( conjugate incitar) verbo transitivo incitar a algn a algo to incite sb to sth;
incitar a algn contra algn to incite sb against sb
incitar verbo transitivo to incite, urge: sus discursos incitaron a la rebelión, his speeches incited them to rebellion
' incitar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
azuzar
- desafiar
- invitar
- picar
- tentar
- empujar
- empujón
English:
egg on
- incite
- put up to
- spur
- sting
- tempt
- egg
- stir
- whip
* * *incitar vtto incite;un discurso que incita a la violencia a speech inciting people to violence;el hambre lo incitó a robar hunger made him steal;¿qué le incitó a hacerlo? what made him do it?;incitar a alguien a la fuga/venganza to urge sb to flee/avenge himself* * *v/t incite* * *incitar vt: to incite, to rouse -
84 mieditis
f. s.&pl.fear.* * *= jitters.Ex. The dollar has been losing value, weakening its status as the world's major currency and setting off jitters in the international financial system.* * *= jitters.Ex: The dollar has been losing value, weakening its status as the world's major currency and setting off jitters in the international financial system.
* * *( fam hum)¿te da mieditis? are you scared?les tengo mieditis a las jeringas I'm terrified of needles, I get the jitters when I see a needle ( colloq)* * *mieditis nf invFam Hum the jitters, the willies;le tiene mieditis al dentista the dentist gives him the willies;le entró mieditis he got the jitters o willies* * *f:tener mieditis fam be scared -
85 nerviosismo
m.1 nervousness, nerves.2 nervosism.* * *1 (excitación) nervousness2 (inquietud) disquiet* * *masculino, nerviosidad femeninoel nerviosismo que producen los exámenes — the feeling of nervousness o nerves that exams produce
* * *= nervousness, jitters, fidgets, the, fidgeting, restlessness.Ex. Self-effacing nervousness causes the epiglottis to tighten, strangling the words in the throat and stiffening the diaphragm so that it is like pulled-out elastic unable to propel anything.Ex. The dollar has been losing value, weakening its status as the world's major currency and setting off jitters in the international financial system.Ex. Surely the fidgets in general are just a sign of nervous energy, and almost all young people fidget.Ex. But fidgeting is a bad sign in adults, and the mental version of the fidgets is practically a defining mark of the age we live in now.Ex. A five- to ten-fold increase of the soporific dose resulted in restlessness and disorientation instead of sleep.----* reírse con nerviosismo = giggle.* superar el nerviosismo = overcome + nervousness.* * *masculino, nerviosidad femeninoel nerviosismo que producen los exámenes — the feeling of nervousness o nerves that exams produce
* * *= nervousness, jitters, fidgets, the, fidgeting, restlessness.Ex: Self-effacing nervousness causes the epiglottis to tighten, strangling the words in the throat and stiffening the diaphragm so that it is like pulled-out elastic unable to propel anything.
Ex: The dollar has been losing value, weakening its status as the world's major currency and setting off jitters in the international financial system.Ex: Surely the fidgets in general are just a sign of nervous energy, and almost all young people fidget.Ex: But fidgeting is a bad sign in adults, and the mental version of the fidgets is practically a defining mark of the age we live in now.Ex: A five- to ten-fold increase of the soporific dose resulted in restlessness and disorientation instead of sleep.* reírse con nerviosismo = giggle.* superar el nerviosismo = overcome + nervousness.* * *me lo dijo con nerviosismo creciente as she told me she got more and more agitatedel nerviosismo que producen los exámenes the feeling of nervousness that examinations producenoté cierto nerviosismo entre los espectadores I noticed some agitation among the spectatorstiene tal nerviosismo que va a llamar hoy mismo she's so nervous o on edge about it that she's going to phone today* * *
nerviosismo sustantivo masculino
nervousness;◊ el nerviosismo que producen los exámenes the feeling of nervousness o nerves that exams produce
nerviosismo sustantivo masculino nerves pl: no podía disimular su nerviosismo, she could barely conceal her nerves
' nerviosismo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
agitación
- delatar
- emoción
- excitación
- sudor
- alboroto
- traicionar
- tranquilidad
English:
excitement
- eye
- nerviness
* * *nerviosismo nmel nerviosismo de los inversores the nervousness of investors;una atmósfera de nerviosismo a nervous atmosphere;tras la quinta vuelta comenzó a mostrar nerviosismo his nerves began to show after the fifth lap;cantó con mucho nerviosismo she sang very nervously* * *m nervousness* * *nerviosismo nf: nervousness, anxiety -
86 provocar
v.1 to provoke.El golpe provocó su muerte The blow brought about her death.Sus comentarios provocaron al borracho His comments provoked the drunk.2 to cause, to bring about (causar) (accidente, muerte).provocar las iras de alguien to anger somebodyprovocó las risas de todos he made everyone laughel polvo me provoca estornudos dust makes me sneeze3 to lead on (excitar sexualmente).* * *1 to provoke\provocar el parto to induce birth* * *verb* * *1. VT1) (=causar) [+ protesta, explosión] to cause, spark off; [+ fuego] to cause, start (deliberately); [+ cambio] to bring about, lead to; [+ proceso] to promote2) [+ parto] to induce, bring on3) [+ persona] [gen] to provoke; (=incitar) to rouse, stir up (to anger); (=tentar) to tempt, invite¡no me provoques! — don't start me!
provocar a algn a cólera o indignación — to rouse sb to fury
4) [sexualmente] to rouse2. VI1) LAm (=gustar, apetecer)¿te provoca un café? — would you like a coffee?, do you fancy a coffee?
¿qué le provoca? — what would you like?, what do you fancy?
no me provoca la idea — the idea doesn't appeal to me, I don't fancy the idea
-¿por qué no vas? -no me provoca — "why aren't you going?" - "I don't feel like it"
no me provoca estudiar hoy — I'm not in the mood for studying today, I don't feel like studying today
2) * (=vomitar) to be sick, throw up ** * *1.verbo transitivo1)b) (Med)provocar el parto — to induce labor*
las pastillas le provocaron una reacción cutánea — the pills caused o brought on a skin reaction
2) < persona> ( al enfado) to provoke; ( sexualmente) to lead... on2.¿le provoca un traguito? — do you want a drink?, do you fancy a drink? (BrE colloq)
* * *= provoke, spark off, trigger, induce, bring on, elicit, instigate, tease, evoke, titillate, ignite, rouse, stir up, spark, twit, taunt, tantalise [tantalize, -USA], touch off, set off, hit + a (raw) nerve, strike + a nerve, bring about, precipitate, incite, touch + a (raw) nerve, give + rise to, give + cause to, give + occasion to.Ex. 3 different kinds of paper were deacidified by different aqueous and nonaqueous methods, and then treated to provoke accelerated attack of air pollutants.Ex. Like the librarians and the bookshop staff, the club members are catalysts who spark off that fission which will spread from child to child an awareness of books and the habit of reading them.Ex. Nevertheless, the fact that these general lists cannot serve for every application has triggered a search for more consistent approaches.Ex. Then, the reference librarian has better justification to buy and perhaps to induce others to contribute to the purchase.Ex. In frequent cases, unionization is brought on by the inept or irresponsible action of management.Ex. This article looks at ways in which librarians in leadership roles can elicit the motivation, commitment, and personal investment of members of the organisation.Ex. The first mass removal of material was instigated by the trade unions and although admitted in 1932 to have been a mistake, the purges proved difficult to stop.Ex. I like to be considered one of the team, to joke with and tease the employee but that sure creates a problem when I have to discipline, correct, or fire an employee.Ex. It is known that in ancient Rome the complexity of the administrative job evoked considerable development of management techniques.Ex. However, some of the central premises of the film are flawed, and the risqué touches, whether racial or erotic innuendo, are primarily there to titillate and make the film seem hot and controversial.Ex. In turn, that change ignited a body of literature that discussed those cataloguers' future roles.Ex. The spirit, if not the content, of Marx can be the joust to rouse the sleepy theory of academic sociology.Ex. The goal of this guidebook is to help writers activate their brains to stir up more and better ideas and details.Ex. The nineteenth century was, quite rightly, fearful of any system of spreading knowledge which might spark the tinder box of unrest.Ex. Don't be tempted into twitting me with the past knowledge that you have of me, because it is identical with the past knowledge that I have of you, and in twitting me, you twit yourself.Ex. The writer describes how he spent his school days avoiding bullies who taunted him because he was a dancer.Ex. He may have wished to tease and tantalize his readers by insoluble problems.Ex. This decision touched off a battle of wills between the library and the government as well as a blitz of media publicity.Ex. The dollar has been losing value, weakening its status as the world's major currency and setting off jitters in the international financial system.Ex. Based on their account, it seems obvious that Beauperthuy hit a raw nerve among some of the medical research leaders of the day.Ex. His plethoric prose produced by a prodigious placement of words struck a nerve.Ex. Untruth brings about ill reputation and indignity.Ex. What precipitated that furor was that Panizzi's volume represented a uncompromising rejection of the comfortable ideology of the finding catalog.Ex. It is illegal to operate websites inciting terrorism under the Terrorism Act.Ex. Obama's election seems to have touched a raw nerve in conservative white America, unleashing a torrent of right-wing rage unseen in this country.Ex. The method of indexing called post-coordinate indexing gives rise to physical forms of indexes which differ from the more 'traditional' catalogues mentioned above.Ex. That crucial evidence was withheld from the final report could give cause to bring charges of criminal negligence.Ex. Many soldiers took advantage of the impoverished conditions giving occasion to assaults, rapes and murders.----* provocar cambios = wreak + changes.* provocar controversia = arouse + controversy.* provocar el debate = prompt + discussion, spark + debate, stir + debate.* provocar escarnio = evoke + response.* provocar estragos = create + havoc, wreak + havoc, cause + havoc.* provocar estragos en = play + havoc with.* provocar la controversia = court + controversy.* provocar la ira de Alguien = incur + Posesivo + wrath.* provocar menosprecio = evoke + scorn.* provocar sospechas = stir + suspicion.* provocar una crisis = precipitate + crisis.* provocar una guerra = ignite + war, precipitate + war.* provocar una protesta = call forth + protest.* provocar una reacción = cause + reaction, provoke + reaction.* provocar un ataque = provoke + attack.* provocar un cambio = bring about + change.* provocar un debate = ignite + debate.* provocar un diálogo = elicit + dialogue.* provocar un gran alboroto = make + a splash.* provocar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.* * *1.verbo transitivo1)b) (Med)provocar el parto — to induce labor*
las pastillas le provocaron una reacción cutánea — the pills caused o brought on a skin reaction
2) < persona> ( al enfado) to provoke; ( sexualmente) to lead... on2.¿le provoca un traguito? — do you want a drink?, do you fancy a drink? (BrE colloq)
* * *= provoke, spark off, trigger, induce, bring on, elicit, instigate, tease, evoke, titillate, ignite, rouse, stir up, spark, twit, taunt, tantalise [tantalize, -USA], touch off, set off, hit + a (raw) nerve, strike + a nerve, bring about, precipitate, incite, touch + a (raw) nerve, give + rise to, give + cause to, give + occasion to.Ex: 3 different kinds of paper were deacidified by different aqueous and nonaqueous methods, and then treated to provoke accelerated attack of air pollutants.
Ex: Like the librarians and the bookshop staff, the club members are catalysts who spark off that fission which will spread from child to child an awareness of books and the habit of reading them.Ex: Nevertheless, the fact that these general lists cannot serve for every application has triggered a search for more consistent approaches.Ex: Then, the reference librarian has better justification to buy and perhaps to induce others to contribute to the purchase.Ex: In frequent cases, unionization is brought on by the inept or irresponsible action of management.Ex: This article looks at ways in which librarians in leadership roles can elicit the motivation, commitment, and personal investment of members of the organisation.Ex: The first mass removal of material was instigated by the trade unions and although admitted in 1932 to have been a mistake, the purges proved difficult to stop.Ex: I like to be considered one of the team, to joke with and tease the employee but that sure creates a problem when I have to discipline, correct, or fire an employee.Ex: It is known that in ancient Rome the complexity of the administrative job evoked considerable development of management techniques.Ex: However, some of the central premises of the film are flawed, and the risqué touches, whether racial or erotic innuendo, are primarily there to titillate and make the film seem hot and controversial.Ex: In turn, that change ignited a body of literature that discussed those cataloguers' future roles.Ex: The spirit, if not the content, of Marx can be the joust to rouse the sleepy theory of academic sociology.Ex: The goal of this guidebook is to help writers activate their brains to stir up more and better ideas and details.Ex: The nineteenth century was, quite rightly, fearful of any system of spreading knowledge which might spark the tinder box of unrest.Ex: Don't be tempted into twitting me with the past knowledge that you have of me, because it is identical with the past knowledge that I have of you, and in twitting me, you twit yourself.Ex: The writer describes how he spent his school days avoiding bullies who taunted him because he was a dancer.Ex: He may have wished to tease and tantalize his readers by insoluble problems.Ex: This decision touched off a battle of wills between the library and the government as well as a blitz of media publicity.Ex: The dollar has been losing value, weakening its status as the world's major currency and setting off jitters in the international financial system.Ex: Based on their account, it seems obvious that Beauperthuy hit a raw nerve among some of the medical research leaders of the day.Ex: His plethoric prose produced by a prodigious placement of words struck a nerve.Ex: Untruth brings about ill reputation and indignity.Ex: What precipitated that furor was that Panizzi's volume represented a uncompromising rejection of the comfortable ideology of the finding catalog.Ex: It is illegal to operate websites inciting terrorism under the Terrorism Act.Ex: Obama's election seems to have touched a raw nerve in conservative white America, unleashing a torrent of right-wing rage unseen in this country.Ex: The method of indexing called post-coordinate indexing gives rise to physical forms of indexes which differ from the more 'traditional' catalogues mentioned above.Ex: That crucial evidence was withheld from the final report could give cause to bring charges of criminal negligence.Ex: Many soldiers took advantage of the impoverished conditions giving occasion to assaults, rapes and murders.* provocar cambios = wreak + changes.* provocar controversia = arouse + controversy.* provocar el debate = prompt + discussion, spark + debate, stir + debate.* provocar escarnio = evoke + response.* provocar estragos = create + havoc, wreak + havoc, cause + havoc.* provocar estragos en = play + havoc with.* provocar la controversia = court + controversy.* provocar la ira de Alguien = incur + Posesivo + wrath.* provocar menosprecio = evoke + scorn.* provocar sospechas = stir + suspicion.* provocar una crisis = precipitate + crisis.* provocar una guerra = ignite + war, precipitate + war.* provocar una protesta = call forth + protest.* provocar una reacción = cause + reaction, provoke + reaction.* provocar un ataque = provoke + attack.* provocar un cambio = bring about + change.* provocar un debate = ignite + debate.* provocar un diálogo = elicit + dialogue.* provocar un gran alboroto = make + a splash.* provocar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.* * *provocar [A2 ]vtA1 (causar, ocasionar) to causeun cigarrillo pudo provocar la explosión the explosion may have been caused by a cigaretteuna decisión que ha provocado violentas polémicas a decision which has sparked off o prompted violent controversyno se sabe qué provocó el incendio it is not known what started the fire2 ( Med):provocar el parto to induce labor*las pastillas le provocaron una reacción cutánea the pills caused o brought on a skin reactionel antígeno provoca la formación de anticuerpos the antigen stimulates the production of antibodiesB ‹persona›1 (al enfado) to provoke2 (en sentido sexual) to lead … on■ provocarvi( Andes) (apetecer): ¿le provoca un traguito? do you want a drink?, do you fancy a drink? ( BrE colloq)( refl):se disparó un tiro provocándose la muerte he shot (and killed) himself* * *
provocar ( conjugate provocar) verbo transitivo
1
‹ incendio› to start;
‹ polémica› to spark off, prompt;
‹ reacción› to cause
2 ‹ persona› ( al enfado) to provoke;
( sexualmente) to lead … on
verbo intransitivo (Andes) ( apetecer):◊ ¿le provoca un traguito? do you want a drink?, do you fancy a drink? (BrE colloq)
provocar verbo transitivo
1 (causar) to cause: su decisión fue provocada por..., his decision was prompted by..., provocar un incendio, to start a fire
2 (un parto, etc) to induce: tuvieron que provocarle el vómito, they had to make her vomit
3 (irritar, enfadar) to provoke: no lo provoques, don't provoke him
4 (la ira, etc) to rouse
(un aplauso) to provoke
5 (excitar el deseo sexual) to arouse, provoke
' provocar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
campanada
- desatar
- engendrar
- hacer
- motivar
- organizar
- pinchar
- chulear
- dar
- meter
- parto
- reclamo
- torear
English:
bait
- bring
- bring about
- bring on
- cause
- excite
- fight
- incur
- induce
- instigate
- invite
- prompt
- provoke
- raise
- rouse
- roust
- short-circuit
- spark off
- start
- stir up
- tease
- trigger
- disturbance
- draw
- elicit
- evoke
- short
- spark
- stir
- taunt
- whip
- wreck
* * *♦ vt1. [incitar] to provoke;¡no me provoques! don't provoke me!2. [causar] [accidente, muerte] to cause;[incendio, rebelión] to start; [sonrisa, burla] to elicit;una placa de hielo provocó el accidente the accident was caused by a sheet of black ice;provocar las iras de alguien to anger sb;provocó las risas de todos he made everyone laugh;el polvo me provoca estornudos dust makes me sneeze;su actitud me provoca más lástima que otra cosa her attitude makes me pity her more than anything else3. [excitar sexualmente] to lead on;le gusta provocar a los chicos con su ropa she likes to tease the boys with her clothes♦ viCarib, Col, Méx Fam [apetecer]¿te provoca ir al cine? would you like to go to the movies?, Br do you fancy going to the cinema?;¿te provoca un vaso de vino? would you like a glass of wine?, Br do you fancy a glass of wine?;¿qué te provoca? what would you like to do?, Br what do you fancy doing?* * *v/t1 cause2 el enfado provoke3 sexualmente lead on4 parto induce5:¿te provoca un café? S.Am. how about a coffee?* * *provocar {72} vt1) causar: to provoke, to cause2) irritar: to provoke, to pique* * *provocar vb1. (en general) to cause2. (incendio) to start3. (una persona) to provoke -
87 получить известность
1) General subject: get oneself a name, make oneself a name, win oneself a name, win renown (e.g. He won international renown with his second film)2) Makarov: acquire currency, gain currency, go abroad, obtain currencyУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > получить известность
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88 Einheitsqualität
Einheitsqualität
standard [quality] grade;
• Einheitsrechnung (Kostenrechnung) job order cost system;
• Einheitssatz flat (standard, uniform) rate, (Feuerversicherung) basis rate;
• Einheitssorte uniform (standard) grade;
• Einheitssteuer specific (unit) tax;
• Einheitsstücklohn standard piece rate;
• internationales Einheitssystem International System of Units;
• Einheitstarif single-schedule (general, flat, unilinear) tariff, blank (block, group) rate, (Lohn) flat (standard wage) rate, (Nahverkehr) flat fare, zone price (US);
• Einheitstarifvertrag standard agreement (form contract);
• Einheitsunterstützungssatz standard benefit;
• Einheitsversicherung all-risks (standard) insurance, (Lagerhaus) omnium policy;
• Einheitsvertrag standard form contract;
• Einheitsvordruck standard form;
• Einheitswährung standard (common, single) currency;
• Einheitswährung einführen to launch the single currency;
• sich für die Einheitswährung qualifizieren to qualify for the single currency;
• Einheitswährungspolitik single monetary policy;
• Einheitswaren utility (standardized) goods, utilities, standard articles. -
89 Europäische Agentur für Gesundheitsschutz und Sicherheit am Arbeitsplatz
Europäische Agentur für Gesundheitsschutz und Sicherheit am Arbeitsplatz
European Agency for Health and Safety at Work;
• Einheitliche Europäisch Akte (EEA) (Europäische Kommission) Single European Act (SEA);
• Europäischer Aktionsplan zur Förderung von Innovationen European action plan to promote innovation;
• Europäisches Amt für Betrugsbekämpfung European Anti-fraud Office (OLAF);
• Europäisches Amt für humanitäre Hilfe European Community Humanitarian Office (ECHO);
• Europäische Arbeitnehmerrechte European employee rights;
• Europäische Atomenergiegesellschaft (EAEG) European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM);
• Europäischer Ausrichtungs- und Garantiefonds für die Landwirtschaft (EAGFL) European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF);
• Europäische Auszeichnungen für Umweltqualität European awards for environmental quality;
• Europäische Bank für Wiederaufbau und Entwicklung (EBWE) European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD);
• Europäische Bankenvereinigung European Bank Federation (EBF);
• Europäische Beschäftigungs- und Sozialpolitik European employment and social policy;
• Europäische Beschäftigungsstrategie European employment strategy;
• Europäischer Betriebsrat European works council;
• Europäische Binnentransportorganisation European Central Inland Transport Organization;
• Europäischer Börsenindex Eurosyndicate index;
• Europäischer Bürgerbeauftragter European Ombudsman;
• Europäische Einigung European integration;
• Europäischer Entwicklungsfonds (EEF) European Development Fund (EDF);
• Europäische Exekutiven European executive bodies;
• Europäischer Fonds European Fund (EF);
• Europäischer Fonds für Regionalentwicklung (regionale Entwicklung) (EFRE) European Regional Development Fund (ERDF);
• Europäische Forschungsinfrastrukturen European research infrastructures;
• Europäisches Forschungsinstitut für Raumordnung und Städteplanung European Research Institute for Regional and Urban Planning;
• Europäische Forschungsprojekte European research projects;
• Europäische Freihandelszone (EFTA) European Free Trade Association (EFTA);
• Europäischer Führerschein European driving licence (Br.) (license, US);
• Europäisches Fürsorgeabkommen European Convention on Social and Medical Assistance;
• Europäischer Gedanke Europeanism;
• Europäische Gemeinschaft European Community (EC);
• Europäische Politische Gemeinschaft (EPG) European Political Community;
• Europäische Gemeinschaft für Kohle und Stahl European Coal and Steel Community;
• aus Kreisen in der Europäisch Gemeinschaft verlautet (EU) Community sources say;
• gegen Anordnungen der Europäischen Gemeinschaft verstoßen (EU) to contravene Community regulations;
• der Europäischen Gemeinschaftsorganisation beitreten to enter into the European Communities;
• Europäische Gemeinschaftsregion Common Market territory;
• Europäisches Gericht erster Instanz European Court of First Instance;
• Europäischer Gerichtshof (EuGH)European Court of Justice (ECJ);
• Europäischer Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte European Court of Human Rights (ECHR);
• Europäischer Gesamtdurchschnitt overall European average;
• Europäische Gesellschaft für Physik European Physical Society (EPS);
• Europäischer Gewerkschaftsbund (EGB) European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC);
• Europäisches Gipfeltreffen des sozialen Dialogs European Social Dialogue Summit;
• Europäisches Gleichstellungsrecht European equal opportunities legislation;
• Europäische Gleichstellungsrechte European equal opportunities rights;
• Europäische Grenzregion Europe’s border region;
• Europäische Identität stärken to reinforce the European identity;
• Europäischer Informationsdienst für den lokalen Verkehr European local transport information service (ELTIS);
• Europäische Integration European integration;
• Europäisch wirtschaftliche Interessenvereinigung European Economic Interest Grouping (EEIG);
• Europäische Investitionsbank (EIB) European Investment Bank (EIB);
• Europäische Kernenergieagentur (EKA) European Nuclear Energy Agency (ENEA);
• Europäisches Komitee für Normung European Committee for Coordination of Standards;
• Europäischer Kommissar European Commissioner;
• Europäisch Kommission für Menschenrechte European Commission of Human Rights;
• Europäische Kommunalkonferenz European Conference of Local Authorities;
• Europäische Konferenz der Verwaltungen für Post und Telekommunikation European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations;
• Europäisches Landwirtschaftsmodell European model of agriculture;
• Europäische Marktordnung European Market Regulations;
• Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention (EMRK) European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), European Rights Convention;
• Europäisches Niederlassungsabkommen European Convention on Establishment;
• Europäische Normung European Standards;
• Europäische Organisation von Marktforschungsinstituten European Society for Opinion and Marketing Research (ESOMAR);
• Europäische Organisation für Raumforschung European Space Research Organization (ESTEC);
• Europäische Organisation für Satellitenübertragungen European Telecommunications Satellite Organization (EUTELSAT);
• Europäische Organisation zur Sicherung der Luftfahrt European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation;
• Europäische Organisation für Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC);
• Europäisches Parlament (EP) European Parliament (EP);
• Europäisches Patentamt European Patent Office;
• Europäische Patentorganisation European Patent Organization;
• Europäische Polizeibehörde European police force;
• Europäische Produktivitätszentrale European Productivity Agency (EPA);
• Europäischer Rat European Council;
• Europäische Raumordnungsministerkonferenz European Conference of Regional Planning Ministers;
• Europäische Rechnungseinheit European Unit of Account;
• Europäische Rechnungs- und Währungseinheit European accounting and currency unit;
• Europäischer Rechnungshof European Court of Auditors;
• Europäisches Referenzlabor für Luftverschmutzung European Reference Laboratory on Atmospheric Pullution (ERLAP);
• Europäisches Rundfunkabkommen European Broadcasting Agreement;
• Europäischer Sozialfonds (ESF) European Social Fund (ESF);
• Europäisches Sozialmodell European social model;
• Europäische Sozialvorschriften European social provisions;
• Europäischer Stabilitätspakt Pact on Stability in Europe;
• Europäischer Stellenvermittlungsservice European job placement agency;
• Europäisches Übereinkommen über die obligatorische Haftpflichtversicherung für Kraftfahrzeuge European Convention on compulsory insurance against civil liability in respect of motor vehicles;
• Europäische Übereinkunft über die internationale Patentklassifikation European Convention on the International Classification of Patents for Invention;
• Europäische Umweltagentur European Environment Agency;
• Europäisches Umweltzeichen European eco-label;
• Europäische Union (EU) European Union (EU);
• Europäische Verbraucherberatung (Wien) European Consumer Centre;
• Europäische Vereinigung der Finanzmaklergesellschaften European Federation of Financial Analysts Societies (EFFAS);
• Europäische Verkehrsministerkonferenz European Conference of Ministers of Transport;
• Europäische Verteidigungsgemeinschaft (EVG) European Defence Community (EDC);
• Europäisches Währungsabkommen European Monetary Agreement (EMA);
• Europäische Währungseinheit European currency unit (ECU);
• Europäisches Währungsinstitut (EWI) European Monetary Institute (EMI);
• Europäisches Währungssystem (EWS) European Monetary System (EMS);
• Europäische Währungsunion (EWU) European Monetary Union (EMU);
• Europäischer Währungsverbund European currency float;
• Europäisches Wiederaufbauprogramm European Recovery Program(me) (ERP);
• Europäische Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft European Economic Community (EEC), Euromarket, European Common Market (Br.);
• der Europäischen Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft beitreten to join the Common Market;
• Europäischer Wirtschaftsraum (EWR) European Economic Area (EEA);
• Europäische Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion European Economic and Monetary Union;
• Europäische Woche für Wissenschaft und Technologie European Science and Technology Week;
• Europäische Zahlungsunion European Payments Union (EPU);
• Europäisches Zentralbankensystem (EZBS) European System of Central Banks (ESCB);
• Europäischr Zentralverband der öffentlichen Wirtschaft European Centre for Public Enterprise (CEEP);
• Europäisches Zentrum für technische und wissenschaftliche Analysen (CSTE) European Technical and Scientific Centre (ETSC);
• Europäische Zollunion European Customs Union;
• Europäisches Zukunftsbild entwerfen to envisage a Europe of the future;
• Europäische Politische Zusammenarbeit (EPZ) European Political Cooperation (EPC);
• Europäische Zusammenarbeit zur Erweiterung des Wissens European cooperation in the pursuit of knowledge.Business german-english dictionary > Europäische Agentur für Gesundheitsschutz und Sicherheit am Arbeitsplatz
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90 actualidad
f.1 current situation (momento presente).la actualidad política the current political situationcuentan en la actualidad con un millón de socios they currently have a million membersestas piezas en la actualidad se fabrican en serie these parts are mass-produced nowadays2 topicality.estar de actualidad to be topicaluna noticia de rabiosa actualidad an extremely topical news itemtemas de actualidad current affairs3 news (noticia).la actualidad deportiva the sports newsser actualidad to be making the news4 relevance to modern society (vigencia).sus libros siguen teniendo gran actualidad her books are still very relevant today5 present time.6 up-to-dateness, modernity, currency, currentness.7 factualness, reality, factuality.* * *1 present (time)■ este programa te da toda la actualidad cinematográfica this programme gives you all the latest cinema news\en la actualidad at presentestar de actualidad to be fashionable* * *noun f.1) present time2) current affairs, news•* * *SF1)• en la actualidad — (=hoy día) nowadays; (=en este momento) currently, at present, presently (EEUU)
hay en la actualidad más de dos millones de parados — there are currently over two million unemployed, there are over two million unemployed at present
2) (=cualidad)las obras de Shakespeare no han perdido actualidad — the works of Shakespeare have not lost their topicality
•
de actualidad — [noticia, tema] topical; [modelo, diseño] up-to-date, up-to-the-minute•
poner algo de actualidad — to focus attention on stheso ha puesto de actualidad un problema olvidado — that has focused attention on a forgotten problem
3) (Periodismo)•
la actualidad — (=asuntos) current affairs pl ; (=noticias) news, current news* * *a) ( tiempo presente)en la actualidad — currently, at present
b) ( situación actual) current situationcon toda la actualidad informativa — (period) with the latest news
c) (de tema, noticia) topicalitylas noticias de actualidad — today's (o this week's etc) news
un tema de palpitante or candente actualidad — (period) a highly topical subject
d) actualidades femenino plural (Period) current affairs (pl)* * *= present day, the, recency, timeliness, up-to-dateness, topicality.Ex. Despite what amounts to undercutting by direct sale publishers calling themselves 'book clubs', the British net book agreement has remained in force until the present day.Ex. The four were: accuracy, content (the breadth or scope), recency (up-to-dateness) and frequency of presentation.Ex. Factors assessed during the comparative study included pricing, timeliness, availability of catalogue copy, and breadth of coverage.Ex. Up-to-dateness is particularly vital since recent and current information is in heaviest usage.Ex. This year, the event is gaining topicality because of the EU enlargement.----* actualidad del contenido = currency.* asunto de actualidad = current issue.* de actualidad = topical.* de plena actualidad = hot [hotter -comp., hottest -sup.].* desde entonces hasta la actualidad = from then to the present day.* en la actualidad = at present, nowadays, presently, today, modern-day, now, these days, at the present time, at the present, in present times, at present time, in modern times, in this day and age, currently.* falta de actualidad = datedness.* hasta la actualidad = to date, up to now, so far.* noticias de actualidad = current events, current news events, current news.* revista de actualidad = popular magazine, house magazine, entertainment magazine.* tema de actualidad = topical theme, current issue, hot topic.* temas de actualidad = current affairs.* * *a) ( tiempo presente)en la actualidad — currently, at present
b) ( situación actual) current situationcon toda la actualidad informativa — (period) with the latest news
c) (de tema, noticia) topicalitylas noticias de actualidad — today's (o this week's etc) news
un tema de palpitante or candente actualidad — (period) a highly topical subject
d) actualidades femenino plural (Period) current affairs (pl)* * *= present day, the, recency, timeliness, up-to-dateness, topicality.Ex: Despite what amounts to undercutting by direct sale publishers calling themselves 'book clubs', the British net book agreement has remained in force until the present day.
Ex: The four were: accuracy, content (the breadth or scope), recency (up-to-dateness) and frequency of presentation.Ex: Factors assessed during the comparative study included pricing, timeliness, availability of catalogue copy, and breadth of coverage.Ex: Up-to-dateness is particularly vital since recent and current information is in heaviest usage.Ex: This year, the event is gaining topicality because of the EU enlargement.* actualidad del contenido = currency.* asunto de actualidad = current issue.* de actualidad = topical.* de plena actualidad = hot [hotter -comp., hottest -sup.].* desde entonces hasta la actualidad = from then to the present day.* en la actualidad = at present, nowadays, presently, today, modern-day, now, these days, at the present time, at the present, in present times, at present time, in modern times, in this day and age, currently.* falta de actualidad = datedness.* hasta la actualidad = to date, up to now, so far.* noticias de actualidad = current events, current news events, current news.* revista de actualidad = popular magazine, house magazine, entertainment magazine.* tema de actualidad = topical theme, current issue, hot topic.* temas de actualidad = current affairs.* * *1(tiempo presente): profesionales que están en la actualidad exiliados professional people who are currently o at present o presently in exileno se sigue haciendo así en la actualidad nowadays o today it is no longer done that way2( period): la actualidad (sucesos actuales) current events, current affairs; (situación actual) current situationla actualidad cubana the current situation in Cubala actualidad informativa está centrada en los siguientes temas the main points of today's news ( o this evening's news etc) are as follows3 (de un tema, una noticia) topicalitylas noticias de actualidad today's ( o this week's etc) newsun tema de palpitante or candente actualidad ( period); a highly topical subject, a subject that is on everyone's lips* * *
actualidad sustantivo femeninoa) ( tiempo presente):
la actualidad cubana the current situation in Cuba
un tema de actualidad (period) a topical subject;
sucesos de actualidad current affairs
actualidad sustantivo femenino
1 present time: en la actualidad somos más altos, nowadays we are taller
2 (moda) fashion: esa novela está de actualidad, that novel is fashionable
3 (acontencimientos presentes) current affairs pl: sólo habla de temas de actualidad, she only talks about current issues
4 (vigencia) relevance
' actualidad' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
candelero
- historia
- hoy
- pasada
- pasado
- primar
- rabiosa
- rabioso
- sellar
English:
current affairs
- topical
- current
- dated
- hot
* * *actualidad nf1. [momento presente] current situation;la actualidad política the current political situation;cuentan en la actualidad con más de un millón de socios they currently have more than a million members;estas piezas en la actualidad se fabrican en serie these parts are mass-produced nowadays2. [de asunto, noticia] topicality;una noticia de rabiosa actualidad an extremely topical news item;estar de actualidad [ser de interés] to be topical;poner algo de actualidad to make sth topical;una revista de actualidad a current affairs magazine3. [noticia] news [singular];la actualidad informativa the news;la actualidad deportiva the sports news;ser actualidad to be making the news4. [vigencia] relevance to modern society;sus libros siguen teniendo gran actualidad her books are still very relevant today;una obra de teatro que no ha perdido actualidad a play which is still relevant today* * *f1 current situation;2:de gran actualidad very topical3:actualidades pl current affairs* * *actualidad nf1) : present timeen la actualidad: at present2) actualidades nfpl: current affairs* * *1. (tiempo presente) present2. (noticias) news -
91 Chronology
15,000-3,000 BCE Paleolithic cultures in western Portugal.400-200 BCE Greek and Carthaginian trade settlements on coast.202 BCE Roman armies invade ancient Lusitania.137 BCE Intensive Romanization of Lusitania begins.410 CE Germanic tribes — Suevi and Visigoths—begin conquest of Roman Lusitania and Galicia.714—16 Muslims begin conquest of Visigothic Lusitania.1034 Christian Reconquest frontier reaches Mondego River.1064 Christians conquer Coimbra.1139 Burgundian Count Afonso Henriques proclaims himself king of Portugal; birth of Portugal. Battle of Ourique: Afonso Henriques defeats Muslims.1147 With English Crusaders' help, Portuguese seize Lisbon from Muslims.1179 Papacy formally recognizes Portugal's independence (Pope Alexander III).1226 Campaign to reclaim Alentejo from Muslims begins.1249 Last Muslim city (Silves) falls to Portuguese Army.1381 Beginning of third war between Castile and Portugal.1383 Master of Aviz, João, proclaimed regent by Lisbon populace.1385 April: Master of Aviz, João I, proclaimed king of Portugal by Cortes of Coimbra. 14 August: Battle of Aljubarrota, Castilians defeated by royal forces, with assistance of English army.1394 Birth of "Prince Henry the Navigator," son of King João I.1415 Beginning of overseas expansion as Portugal captures Moroccan city of Ceuta.1419 Discovery of Madeira Islands.1425-28 Prince D. Pedro, older brother of Prince Henry, travels in Europe.1427 Discovery (or rediscovery?) of Azores Islands.1434 Prince Henry the Navigator's ships pass beyond Cape Bojador, West Africa.1437 Disaster at Tangier, Morocco, as Portuguese fail to capture city.1441 First African slaves from western Africa reach Portugal.1460 Death of Prince Henry. Portuguese reach what is now Senegal, West Africa.1470s Portuguese explore West African coast and reach what is now Ghana and Nigeria and begin colonizing islands of São Tomé and Príncipe.1479 Treaty of Alcáçovas between kings of Portugal and Spain.1482 Portuguese establish post at São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (now Ghana).1482-83 Portuguese navigator Diogo Cão reaches mouth of Congo River and Angola.1488 Navigator Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and finds route to Indian Ocean.1492-93 Columbus's first voyage to West Indies.1493 Columbus visits Azores and Portugal on return from first voyage; tells of discovery of New World. Treaty of Tordesillas signed between kings of Portugal and Spain: delimits spheres of conquest with line 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands (claimed by Portugal); Portugal's sphere to east of line includes, in effect, Brazil.King Manuel I and Royal Council decide to continue seeking all-water route around Africa to Asia.King Manuel I expels unconverted Jews from Portugal.1497-99 Epic voyage of Vasco da Gama from Portugal around Africa to west India, successful completion of sea route to Asia project; da Gama returns to Portugal with samples of Asian spices.1500 Bound for India, Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral "discovers" coast of Brazil and claims it for Portugal.1506 Anti-Jewish riots in Lisbon.Battle of Diu, India; Portugal's command of Indian Ocean assured for some time with Francisco de Almeida's naval victory over Egyptian and Gujerati fleets.Afonso de Albuquerque conquers Goa, India; beginning of Portuguese hegemony in south Asia.Portuguese conquest of Malacca; commerce in Spice Islands.1519 Magellan begins circumnavigation voyage.1536 Inquisition begins in Portugal.1543 Portuguese merchants reach Japan.1557 Portuguese merchants granted Chinese territory of Macau for trading factory.1572 Luís de Camões publishes epic poem, Os Lusíadas.1578 Battle of Alcácer-Quivir; Moroccan forces defeat army of King Sebastião of Portugal; King Sebastião dies in battle. Portuguese succession crisis.1580 King Phillip II of Spain claims and conquers Portugal; Spanish rule of Portugal, 1580-1640.1607-24 Dutch conquer sections of Asia and Brazil formerly held by Portugal.1640 1 December: Portuguese revolution in Lisbon overthrows Spanish rule, restores independence. Beginning of Portugal's Braganza royal dynasty.1654 Following Dutch invasions and conquest of parts of Brazil and Angola, Dutch expelled by force.1661 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance treaty signed: England pledges to defend Portugal "as if it were England itself." Queen Catherine of Bra-ganza marries England's Charles II.1668 February: In Portuguese-Spanish peace treaty, Spain recognizes independence of Portugal, thus ending 28-year War of Restoration.1703 Methuen Treaties signed, key commercial trade agreement and defense treaty between England and Portugal.1750 Pombal becomes chief minister of King José I.1755 1 November: Massive Lisbon earthquake, tidal wave, and fire.1759 Expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal and colonies.1761 Slavery abolished in continental Portugal.1769 Abandonment of Mazagão, Morocco, last Portuguese outpost.1777 Pombal dismissed as chief minister by Queen Maria I, after death of José I.1791 Portugal and United States establish full diplomatic relations.1807 November: First Napoleonic invasion; French forces under Junot conquer Portugal. Royal family flees to colony of Brazil and remains there until 1821.1809 Second French invasion of Portugal under General Soult.1811 Third French invasion of Portugal under General Masséna.1813 Following British general Wellington's military victories, French forces evacuate Portugal.1817 Liberal, constitutional movements against absolutist monarchist rule break out in Brazil (Pernambuco) and Portugal (Lisbon, under General Gomes Freire); crushed by government. British marshal of Portugal's army, Beresford, rules Portugal.Liberal insurrection in army officer corps breaks out in Cadiz, Spain, and influences similar movement in Portugal's armed forces first in Oporto.King João VI returns from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and early draft of constitution; era of constitutional monarchy begins.1822 7 September: João VI's son Pedro proclaims independence ofBrazil from Portugal and is named emperor. 23 September: Constitution of 1822 ratified.Portugal recognizes sovereign independence of Brazil.King João VI dies; power struggle for throne ensues between his sons, brothers Pedro and Miguel; Pedro, emperor of Brazil, abdicates Portuguese throne in favor of his daughter, D. Maria II, too young to assume crown. By agreement, Miguel, uncle of D. Maria, is to accept constitution and rule in her stead.1828 Miguel takes throne and abolishes constitution. Sections of Portugal rebel against Miguelite rule.1831 Emperor Pedro abdicates throne of Brazil and returns to Portugal to expel King Miguel from Portuguese throne.1832-34 Civil war between absolutist King Miguel and constitutionalist Pedro, who abandons throne of Brazil to restore his young daughter Maria to throne of Portugal; Miguel's armed forces defeated by those of Pedro. Miguel leaves for exile and constitution (1826 Charter) is restored.1834-53 Constitutional monarchy consolidated under rule of Queen Maria II, who dies in 1853.1851-71 Regeneration period of economic development and political stability; public works projects sponsored by Minister Fontes Pereira de Melo.1871-90 Rotativism period of alternating party governments; achieves political stability and less military intervention in politics and government. Expansion of colonial territory in tropical Africa.January: Following territorial dispute in central Africa, Britain delivers "Ultimatum" to Portugal demanding withdrawal of Portugal's forces from what is now Malawi and Zimbabwe. Portugal's government, humiliated in accepting demand under threat of a diplomatic break, falls. Beginning of governmental and political instability; monarchist decline and republicanism's rise.Anglo-Portuguese treaties signed relating to delimitation of frontiers in colonial Africa.1899 Treaty of Windsor; renewal of Anglo-Portuguese defense and friendship alliance.1903 Triumphal visit of King Edward VII to Portugal.1906 Politician João Franco supported by King Carlos I in dictatorship to restore order and reform.1908 1 February: Murder in Lisbon of King Carlos I and his heir apparent, Prince Dom Luís, by Portuguese anarchists. Eighteen-year-old King Manuel II assumes throne.1910 3-5 October: Following republican-led military insurrection in armed forces, monarchy falls and first Portuguese republic is proclaimed. Beginning of unstable, economically troubled, parliamentary republic form of government.May: Violent insurrection in Lisbon overturns government of General Pimenta de Castro; nearly a thousand casualties from several days of armed combat in capital.March: Following Portugal's honoring ally Britain's request to confiscate German shipping in Portuguese harbors, Germany declares war on Portugal; Portugal enters World War I on Allied side.Portugal organizes and dispatches Portuguese Expeditionary Corps to fight on the Western Front. 9 April: Portuguese forces mauled by German offensive in Battle of Lys. Food rationing and riots in Lisbon. Portuguese military operations in Mozambique against German expedition's invasion from German East Africa. 5 December: Authoritarian, presidentialist government under Major Sidónio Pais takes power in Lisbon, following a successful military coup.1918 11 November: Armistice brings cessation of hostilities on Western Front in World War I. Portuguese expeditionary forces stationed in Angola, Mozambique, and Flanders begin return trip to Portugal. 14 December: President Sidónio Pais assassinated. Chaotic period of ephemeral civil war ensues.1919-21 Excessively unstable political period, including January1919 abortive effort of Portuguese monarchists to restore Braganza dynasty to power. Republican forces prevail, but level of public violence, economic distress, and deprivation remains high.1921 October: Political violence attains peak with murder of former prime minister and other prominent political figures in Lisbon. Sectors of armed forces and Guarda Nacional Republicana are mutinous. Year of financial and corruption scandals, including Portuguese bank note (fraud) case; military court acquits guilty military insurrectionists, and one military judge declares "the country is sick."28 May: Republic overthrown by military coup or pronunciamento and conspiracy among officer corps. Parliament's doors locked and parliament closed for nearly nine years to January 1935. End of parliamentary republic, Western Europe's most unstable political system in this century, beginning of the Portuguese dictatorship, after 1930 known as the Estado Novo. Officer corps assumes reins of government, initiates military censorship of the press, and suppresses opposition.February: Military dictatorship under General Óscar Carmona crushes failed republican armed insurrection in Oporto and Lisbon.April: Military dictatorship names Professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar minister of finance, with dictatorial powers over budget, to stabilize finances and rebuild economy. Insurrectionism among military elements continues into 1931.1930 Dr. Salazar named minister for colonies and announces balanced budgets. Salazar consolidates support by various means, including creation of official regime "movement," the National Union. Salazar engineers Colonial Act to ensure Lisbon's control of bankrupt African colonies by means of new fiscal controls and centralization of authority. July: Military dictatorship names Salazar prime minister for first time, and cabinet composition undergoes civilianization; academic colleagues and protégés plan conservative reform and rejuvenation of society, polity, and economy. Regime comes to be called the Estado Novo (New State). New State's constitution ratified by new parliament, the National Assembly; Portugal described in document as "unitary, corporative Republic" and governance influenced by Salazar's stern personality and doctrines such as integralism, Catholicism, and fiscal conservatism.1936 Violent instability and ensuing civil war in neighboring Spain, soon internationalized by fascist and communist intervention, shake Estado Novo regime. Pseudofascist period of regime features creation of imitation Fascist institutions to defend regime from leftist threats; Portugal institutes "Portuguese Youth" and "Portuguese Legion."1939 3 September: Prime Minister Salazar declares Portugal's neutrality in World War II. October: Anglo-Portuguese agreement grants naval and air base facilities to Britain and later to United States for Battle of the Atlantic and Normandy invasion support. Third Reich protests breach of Portugal's neutrality.6 June: On day of Allies' Normandy invasion, Portugal suspends mining and export of wolfram ore to both sides in war.8 May: Popular celebrations of Allied victory and Fascist defeat in Lisbon and Oporto coincide with Victory in Europe Day. Following managed elections for Estado Novo's National Assembly in November, regime police, renamed PIDE, with increased powers, represses opposition.1947 Abortive military coup in central Portugal easily crushed by regime. Independence of India and initiation of Indian protests against Portuguese colonial rule in Goa and other enclaves.1949 Portugal becomes founding member of NATO.1951 Portugal alters constitution and renames overseas colonies "Overseas Provinces." Portugal and United States sign military base agreements for use of air and naval facilities in Azores Islands and military aid to Lisbon. President Carmona dies in office, succeeded by General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58). July: Indians occupy enclave of Portuguese India (dependency of Damão) by means of passive resistance movement. August: Indian passive resistance movement in Portuguese India repelled by Portuguese forces with loss of life. December: With U.S. backing, Portugal admitted as member of United Nations (along with Spain). Air force general Humberto Delgado, in opposition, challenges Estado Novo's hand-picked successor to Craveiro Lopes, Admiral Américo Tomás. Delgado rallies coalition of democratic, liberal, and communist opposition but loses rigged election and later flees to exile in Brazil. Portugal joins European Free Trade Association (EFTA).January and February: Estado Novo rocked by armed African insurrection in northern Angola, crushed by armed forces. Hijacking of Portuguese ocean liner by ally of Delgado, Captain Henrique Galvão. April: Salazar defeats attempted military coup and reshuffles cabinet with group of younger figures who seek to reform colonial rule and strengthen the regime's image abroad. 18 December: Indian army rapidly defeats Portugal's defense force in Goa, Damão, and Diu and incorporates Portugal's Indian possessions into Indian Union. January: Abortive military coup in Beja, Portugal.1965 February: General Delgado and his Brazilian secretary murdered and secretly buried near Spanish frontier by political police, PIDE.1968 August and September: Prime Minister Salazar, aged 79, suffers crippling stoke. President Tomás names former cabinet officer Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor. Caetano institutes modest reforms in Portugal and overseas.1971 Caetano government ratifies amended constitution that allows slight devolution and autonomy to overseas provinces in Africa and Asia. Right-wing loyalists oppose reforms in Portugal. 25 April: Military coup engineered by Armed Forces Movement overthrows Estado Novo and establishes provisional government emphasizing democratization, development, and decolonization. Limited resistance by loyalists. President Tomás and Premier Caetano flown to exile first in Madeira and then in Brazil. General Spínola appointed president. September: Revolution moves to left, as President Spínola, thwarted in his program, resigns.March: Military coup by conservative forces fails, and leftist response includes nationalization of major portion of economy. Polarization between forces and parties of left and right. 25 November: Military coup by moderate military elements thwarts leftist forces. Constituent Assembly prepares constitution. Revolution moves from left to center and then right.March: Constitution ratified by Assembly of the Republic. 25 April: Second general legislative election gives largest share of seats to Socialist Party (PS). Former oppositionist lawyer, Mário Soares, elected deputy and named prime minister.1977-85 Political pendulum of democratic Portugal moves from center-left to center-right, as Social Democratic Party (PSD) increases hold on assembly and take office under Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. July1985 elections give edge to PSD who advocate strong free-enterprise measures and revision of leftist-generated 1976 Constitution, amended modestly in 1982.1986 January: Portugal joins European Economic Community (EEC).1987 July: General, legislative elections for assembly give more than 50 percent to PSD led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. For first time, since 1974, Portugal has a working majority government.1989 June: Following revisions of 1976 Constitution, reprivatization of economy begins, under PS government.January: Presidential elections, Mário Soares reelected for second term. July: General, legislative elections for assembly result in new PSD victory and majority government.January-July: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Economic Community (EEC). December: Tariff barriers fall as fully integrated Common Market established in the EEC.November: Treaty of Maastricht comes into force. The EEC officially becomes the European Union (EU). Portugal is signatory with 11 other member-nations.October: General, legislative elections for assembly result in PS victory and naming of Prime Minister Guterres. PS replace PSD as leading political party. November: Excavations for Lisbon bank uncover ancient Phoenician, Roman, and Christian ruins.January: General, presidential elections; socialist Jorge Sampaio defeats PSD's Cavaco Silva and assumes presidency from Dr. Mário Soares. July: Community of Portuguese Languages Countries (CPLP) cofounded by Portugal and Brazil.May-September: Expo '98 held in Lisbon. Opening of Vasco da Gama Bridge across Tagus River, Europe's longest (17 kilometers/ 11 miles). June: National referendum on abortion law change defeated after low voter turnout. November: National referendum on regionaliza-tion and devolution of power defeated after another low voter turnout.October: General, legislative elections: PS victory over PSD lacks clear majority in parliament. Following East Timor referendum, which votes for independence and withdrawal of Indonesia, outburst of popular outrage in streets, media, and communications of Portugal approves armed intervention and administration of United Nations (and withdrawal of Indonesia) in East Timor. Portugal and Indonesia restore diplomatic relations. December: A Special Territory since 1975, Colony of Macau transferred to sovereignty of People's Republic of China.January-June: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the EU; end of Discoveries Historical Commemoration Cycle (1988-2000).United Nations forces continue to occupy and administer former colony of East Timor, with Portugal's approval.January: General, presidential elections; PS president Sampaio reelected for second term. City of Oporto, "European City of Culture" for the year, hosts arts festival. December: Municipal elections: PSD defeats PS; socialist prime minister Guterres resigns; President Sampaio calls March parliamentary elections.1 January: Portugal enters single European Currency system. Euro currency adopted and ceases use of former national currency, the escudo. March: Parliamentary elections; PSD defeats PS and José Durão Barroso becomes prime minister. Military modernization law passed. Portugal holds chairmanship of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).May: Municipal law passed permitting municipalities to reorganize in new ways.June: Prime Minister Durão Barroso, invited to succeed Romano Prodi as president of EU Commission, resigns. Pedro Santana Lopes becomes prime minister. European Parliament elections held. Conscription for national service in army and navy ended. Mass grave uncovered at Academy of Sciences Museum, Lisbon, revealing remains of several thousand victims of Lisbon earthquake, 1755.February: Parliamentary elections; PS defeats PSD, socialists win first absolute majority in parliament since 1975. José Sócrates becomes prime minister.January: Presidential elections; PSD candidate Aníbal Cavaco Silva elected and assumes presidency from Jorge Sampaio. Portugal's national soccer team ranked 7th out of 205 countries by international soccer association. European Union's Bologna Process in educational reform initiated in Portugal.July-December: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Union. For reasons of economy, Portugal announces closure of many consulates, especially in France and the eastern US. Government begins official inspections of private institutions of higher education, following scandals.2008 January: Prime Minister Sócrates announces location of new Lisbon area airport as Alcochete, on south bank of Tagus River, site of air force shooting range. February: Portuguese Army begins to receive new modern battle tanks (Leopard 2 A6). March: Mass protest of 85,000 public school (primary and secondary levels) teachers in Lisbon schools dispute recent educational policies of minister of education and prime minister. -
92 fondo
m.1 bottom.doble fondo false bottomsin fondo bottomlesssu popularidad ha tocado fondo their popularity has reached an all-time low o rock bottom2 back.3 depth.tener un metro de fondo to be one meter deep4 background.sobre fondo negro on a black backgroundal fondo in the background5 heart, bottom.llegar al fondo de to get to the heart o bottom ofel problema de fondo the underlying problemla cuestión de fondo the fundamental issue6 fund (finance) (de dinero).a fondo perdido non-returnablerecaudar fondos to raise fundsfondo de amortización sinking fundfondo de comercio goodwillfondo común kittyfondo de garantía de depósito deposit guarantee fundfondo de inversión investment fundfondo Monetario Internacional International Monetary Fundfondo de pensiones pension fundfondos reservados = contingency funds available to ministries, for which they do not have to account publicly7 catalog, collection.fondo editorial backlist8 reason, basis (fundamento).9 substance.10 stamina (sport) (resistencia).de fondo long-distancede medio fondo middle-distance11 petticoat (combinación). (Colombian Spanish, Mexican Spanish)12 core, root, bottom.13 bed, lowest part.* * *1 (parte más baja) bottom2 (parte más lejana) end, back3 (segundo término) background4 (profundidad) depth5 (aguante) stamina6 FINANZAS fund7 (de libros etc) stock\a fondo perdido nonrecoverable, nonreturnablede... en fondo... abreasten el fondo figurado deep down, at heartreunir fondos to raise fundsfondo común kittyfondo de inversión investment fundfondo de pensiones pension fundFondo Monetario Internacional International Monetary Fundfondo del mar sea bedfondo y forma form and substancefondos bloqueados frozen assetsfondos disponibles available funds, liquid assetsfondos públicos public funds* * *noun m.1) bottom2) back, rear3) background4) fund* * *SM1) [parte inferior] [de caja, botella, lago, mar] bottom; [de río] bed•
los bajos fondos — the underworld•
una maletín con doble fondo — a case with a false bottom, a false-bottomed case•
irse al fondo — to sink to the bottom•
sin fondo — bottomlessla economía tocó fondo y el gobierno tuvo que devaluar la moneda — the economy reached o hit rock bottom and the government had to devalue the currency
hemos tocado fondo y todo indica que la recuperación está muy próxima — the market has bottomed out and all the indications are that a recovery is just around the corner
2) [parte posterior] [de pasillo, calle, nave] end; [de habitación, armario] back•
al fondo, su oficina está al fondo a la izquierda — her office is at the end on the left3) (=profundidad) [de cajón, edificio, bañera] depth¿cuánto tiene de fondo el armario? — how deep is the wardrobe?
•
tener mucho fondo — to be deep4) (=lo fundamental)en el fondo de esta polémica late el miedo al cambio — at the heart o bottom of this controversy lies a fear of change
•
la cuestión de fondo — the basic o fundamental issueel problema de fondo — the basic o fundamental o underlying problem
•
la forma y el fondo — form and contentartículo 2)•
llegar al fondo de la cuestión — to get to the bottom of the matter5) (=segundo plano) backgroundla historia transcurre sobre un fondo de creciente inquietud social — the story takes place against a background of growing social unrest
•
música de fondo — background music•
ruido de fondo — background noisefondo de escritorio, fondo de pantalla — (Inform) (desktop) wallpaper
6)•
a fondo —a) [como adj]•
una limpieza a fondo — a thorough cleanb) [como adv]no conoce a fondo la situación del país — he does not have a thorough o an in-depth knowledge of the country's situation
la policía investigará a fondo lo ocurrido — the police will conduct a thorough investigation of what happened
he estudiado a fondo a los escritores del Siglo de Oro — I have studied Golden Age writers in great depth
•
emplearse a fondo, tuvo que emplearse a fondo para disuadirlos — he had to use all his skill to dissuade themel equipo deberá emplearse a fondo para derrotar a sus adversarios — the team will have to draw on all its resources to beat their opponents
7)•
en el fondo —a) (=en nuestro interior) deep downen el fondo, es buena persona — deep down he's a good person, he's a good person at heart
•
en el fondo de su corazón — in his heart of hearts, deep downb) (=en realidad) reallylo que se debatirá en la reunión, en el fondo, es el futuro de la empresa — what is actually o really going to be debated in the meeting is the future of the company
la verdad es que en el fondo, no tengo ganas — to be honest, I really don't feel like it
en el fondo no quiere irse — when it comes down to it, he doesn't want to leave
c) (=en lo fundamental) fundamentally, essentiallyen el fondo ambos sistemas son muy parecidos — fundamentally o essentially, both systems are very similar
8) (Dep)•
carrera de fondo — long-distance race•
esquí de fondo — cross-country skiing•
corredor de medio fondo — middle-distance runner•
pruebas de medio fondo — middle-distance events9) (=dinero) (Com, Econ) fund; [en póker, entre amigos] pot, kittycontamos con un fondo de 150.000 euros para becas — we have at our disposal a budget of 150,000 euros for grants
su padre le ha prestado bastante dinero a fondo perdido — his father has given him quite a lot of money on permanent loan
Fondo de Compensación Interterritorial — system of financial redistribution between the autonomous regions of Spain
fondo ético — (Econ) ethical investment fund
10) pl fondos (=dinero) funds•
recaudar fondos — to raise funds•
estar sin fondos — to be out of funds, be broke *cheque o talón sin fondos — bounced cheque, rubber check (EEUU)
11) (=reserva) [de biblioteca, archivo, museo] collection12) (=carácter) nature, dispositionde fondo jovial — of cheery o cheerful disposition, cheerful-natured
13) (Dep) (=resistencia) stamina15) Méx•
con o de fondo — serious•
medio fondo — slip17) And (=finca) country estate18) Chile (Culin) large pot ( to feed a large number of people)* * *1)a) ( parte más baja) bottomb) (parte de atrás - de pasillo, calle) end; (- de habitación) backestaban al or en el fondo de la sala — they were at the back of the room
c) ( profundidad)d) ( de edificio) depthe) (en cuadro, fotografía) background2)a) (Lit) ( contenido) contentb) (Der)3) (Fin)a) ( de dinero) fundhacer un fondo común — to start a joint fund o (colloq) a kitty
un cheque sin fondos — a dud o (AmE) rubber check (colloq)
estoy mal de fondos — (fam) I'm short of cash (colloq)
c)a fondo perdido — <inversión/préstamo> non-refundable, non-recoverable
4) (Dep) ( en atletismo)de fondo — <corredor/carrera/prueba> long-distance
5) (de biblioteca, museo) collection6) (Méx) (Indum) slip, underskirt7) (en locs)a fondo — (loc adj) <estudio/investigación> in-depth; (loc adv) <prepararse/entrenar> thoroughly
conoce el área/tema a fondo — she knows the area/subject really well
de fondo — <ruido/música> background (before n); <error/discrepancia> fundamental
en el fondo: en el fondo no es malo deep down he's not a bad person; en el fondo nos llevamos bien we get on all right, really; fondo blanco! (AmL fam) bottoms up! (colloq); tener buen fondo to be a good person at heart; tocar fondo to bottom out; su credibilidad ha tocado fondo — his credibility has hit o reached rock bottom
* * *1)a) ( parte más baja) bottomb) (parte de atrás - de pasillo, calle) end; (- de habitación) backestaban al or en el fondo de la sala — they were at the back of the room
c) ( profundidad)d) ( de edificio) depthe) (en cuadro, fotografía) background2)a) (Lit) ( contenido) contentb) (Der)3) (Fin)a) ( de dinero) fundhacer un fondo común — to start a joint fund o (colloq) a kitty
un cheque sin fondos — a dud o (AmE) rubber check (colloq)
estoy mal de fondos — (fam) I'm short of cash (colloq)
c)a fondo perdido — <inversión/préstamo> non-refundable, non-recoverable
4) (Dep) ( en atletismo)de fondo — <corredor/carrera/prueba> long-distance
5) (de biblioteca, museo) collection6) (Méx) (Indum) slip, underskirt7) (en locs)a fondo — (loc adj) <estudio/investigación> in-depth; (loc adv) <prepararse/entrenar> thoroughly
conoce el área/tema a fondo — she knows the area/subject really well
de fondo — <ruido/música> background (before n); <error/discrepancia> fundamental
en el fondo: en el fondo no es malo deep down he's not a bad person; en el fondo nos llevamos bien we get on all right, really; fondo blanco! (AmL fam) bottoms up! (colloq); tener buen fondo to be a good person at heart; tocar fondo to bottom out; su credibilidad ha tocado fondo — his credibility has hit o reached rock bottom
* * *fondo11 = background, backing, quid, crux, fundus.Ex: In the background has often been the need, at a time of declining financial resources, to demonstrate the relevance of the library to all sectors of society and there can sometimes be detected an element of patronization.
Ex: A picture is a two-dimensional visual representation accessible to the naked eye and generally on an opaque backing.Ex: The important moral crux at the heart of the novel 'The debt collector' is that the odds are stacked against the rehabilitation of violent criminals.Ex: The crux of the process is the development of multiple models.Ex: This is an extremely valuable clinical test that provides information about the circulatory system of the ocular fundus (the back of the eye) not attainable by routine examination.* a fondo = fully, thoroughly, full-scale.* al fondo (de) = at the bottom (of).* artículo de fondo = feature article.* corredor de fondo = long-distance runner.* en el fondo = at heart, deep down, in the back of + Posesivo + mind, in the back of + Posesivo + head, at the back of + Posesivo + head, bottom line, the, in the bottom.* en el fondo de = at the root of.* esquiador de fondo = cross-country skier.* esquí de fondo = cross-country skiing.* fondo del mar = sea bottom, seafloor [sea floor], ocean floor, seabed [sea bed].* fondo del océano = ocean bed, ocean floor.* fondo marino = deep-sea floor.* forma de doble fondo = double-faced mould.* forma de un solo fondo = single-faced mould.* forma de un solo fondo para papel verjurado = single-faced laid mould.* limpiar a fondo = spring-clean, clear out.* limpieza a fondo = spring cleaning.* llegar al fondo de la cuestión = see to the + bottom of things.* llegar al fondo de una Cuestión = get to + the bottom of, get to + the root of.* mar de fondo = groundswell.* material de fondo = backing.* movimiento de fondo = groundswell.* negro sobre fondo blanco = black on white.* pez de fondo = groundfish, bottom fish.* pozo sin fondo = bottomless pit.* ruido de fondo = background noise.* servir de telón de fondo = set + the backdrop.* sin fondo = bottomless.* telón de fondo = background, backdrop.* teniendo como telón de fondo = against + background of.* teniendo esto como telón de fondo = against this background.* tocar fondo = bottom out, hit + rock-bottom, reach + rock-bottom, touch + rock bottom, strike + bottom.fondo33 = backlist, stock, collection, stocking.Ex: They not only provide detailed information about new books and those soon to be published, but also continue to list all of their books still in print (frequently called a ' backlist').
Ex: Consider, for example, the work of the shoe shop manager and the way he arranges his stock of shoes.Ex: While there are a profusion of techniques in existence to gain access to the collections, there is no uniform system.Ex: Because of the lack of stocking space, there are many products that we can order for next day pick-up.* colección de fondos electrónicos = e-collection [electronic collection].* colección de fondos locales = local history collection, local collection.* con suficientes fondos = properly stocked.* consultar los fondos = search + holdings.* dotar de fondos a una biblioteca = stock + library.* exceso de fondos = overstock.* expurgo de fondos bibliográficos = collection weeding, stock weeding.* fondo antiguo = antiquarian materials.* fondo bibliográfico = bookstock [book stock].* fondo circulante = circulating collection.* fondo de acceso restringido = reserve collection.* fondo de consulta en sala = reserve reading collection, reserve collection, reserve shelves, special reserve, reserve book room.* fondo de lectura "formativo-recreativa" = browser collection.* fondo de préstamo por horas = short-loan collection.* fondo de recursos electrónicos de acceso restringido = electronic reserve.* fondo de registros bibliográficos = bibliographic pool, bibliographic record pool.* fondo de revistas = periodical holdings.* fondo documental = document collection.* fondo local = local material.* fondos bibliográficos = holdings, stock.* fondos de acceso libre = open stacks.* fondos de acceso restringido = closed access collection, closed stacks, closed access stacks.* fondos de la biblioteca = library's stock, library materials.* fondos de libre acceso = open access stacks.* fondos de material audiovisual = AV holdings.* fondos de publicaciones periódicas = serial holdings.* fondos de revistas = journal holdings.* fondos indioamericanos = American Indian materials.* fondos integrados = integrated stock.* fondos locales = local history material.* fondos patrimoniales = heritage collection.* ingresar en los fondos = accession.* mención de fondos = holdings statement.* provisto de buenos fondos = stockholding.* renovación de fondos = turnover, stock turnover, turnover of stock.* renovar fondos = turn over.* replanteamiento de los fondos = stock revision.* sección de fondos locales = local studies department, local studies library, local studies collection.* sección para el fondo de consulta en sala = reserve room.* selección de fondos = stock selection.* * *A1 (parte más baja) bottomel fondo del mar the bottom of the seael fondo de la cacerola/bolsa the bottom of the saucepan/bages muy profundo, no consigo tocar fondo it's very deep, I can't touch the bottomen el fondo de su corazón deep down (in his heart)tenemos que llegar al fondo de esta cuestión we must get to the bottom of this matterhay un fondo de verdad en esa historia there is an element of truth in that storyhay en él un fondo de maldad there's a streak of maliciousness in him2 (de un pasillo, una calle) end; (de una habitación) backal fondo, a la derecha at the end, on the rightsiga hasta el fondo del pasillo go to the end of the corridoryo vivo justo al fondo de la calle I live right at the end of the streetencontró la carta al fondo del cajón he found the letter at the back of the drawerestaban sentados al or en el fondo de la sala they were sitting at the back of the room3(profundidad): esta piscina tiene poco fondo this pool is not very deep o is quite shallownecesito un cajón con más fondo I need a deeper drawer4 (de un edificio) depthel edificio tiene poca fachada pero mucho fondo the building has a narrow frontage but it goes back a long way5 (en un cuadro, una fotografía) backgroundestampado blanco sobre fondo gris white print on gray backgroundCompuesto:( Inf) wallpaperB1 ( Lit) (contenido) contentel fondo y la forma de una novela the form and content of a novel2 ( Der):una cuestión de fondo a question of lawC ( Fin)1 (de dinero) fundun fondo para las víctimas del siniestro a fund for the disaster victimstenemos un fondo común para estas cosas we have a joint fund o ( colloq) a kitty for these thingsrecaudar fondos to raise moneyreunió los fondos para la operación he raised the funds o money for the operationno dispone de fondos suficientes en la cuenta he does not have sufficient funds o money in his accountme dio un cheque sin fondos the check he gave me bounced, he gave me a dud check, the bank would not honor the check he gave me ( frml)el departamento no dispone de fondos para este fin the department does not have funds o money available for this purposelos fondos están bloqueados the funds have been frozen3a fondo perdido ‹inversión/préstamo› non-refundable, non-recoverablelo que pagas de alquiler es dinero a fondo perdido the money you spend on rent is money wasted o ( colloq) money down the drainCompuestos:sinking fundventure capital fundventure capital fundgoodwill( Fin) fund of fundsdeposit guarantee fundstrike fundinvestment fundReal Estate Investment Trust, REIThedge fundresearch fundpension fundprovident fundslush fundfighting fundtracker fund(UE) Cohesion Fund(UE) European Development Fund(UE) European Regional Development Fund(UE) European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee FundInternational Monetary Fund, IMF(UE) European Social Fundmpl public funds (pl)mpl secret funds (pl)D ( Dep)1(en atletismo): de fondo ‹corredor/carrera/prueba› long-distance2 (en gimnasia) push-up, press-up ( BrE)E (de una biblioteca, un museo) collectionCompuesto:list (of titles)F (de una alcachofa) heartH ( en locs):( loc adv) ‹prepararse/entrenar› thoroughlyesto necesita una limpieza a fondo this needs a thorough cleanuna reforma a fondo de las instituciones a sweeping reform of the institutionsestudiar a fondo un problema to study a problem in depthlos próximos días deben ser aprovechados a fondo you/we must make full use of the next few days, you/we must use the next few days to the full‹error/discrepancia› fundamental maquillajede cuatro en fondo four abreasten el fondo: en el fondo no es malo deep down he's not a bad persondiscutimos mucho, pero en el fondo nos llevamos bien we quarrel a lot but basically we get on all right o but we get on all right, reallytener buen fondoor no tener mal fondo to be a good person at heart, to have one's heart in the right placetocar fondo: en el mes de abril el precio tocó fondo in April the price bottomed outya hemos tocado fondo y las cosas empiezan a ir mejor we seem to be past the worst now and things are beginning to go bettersu credibilidad ha tocado fondo his credibility has hit o reached rock bottomme voy a tener que volver porque ya estoy tocando fondo I'm going to have to go back because I'm down to my last few dollars ( o pesos etc)I ( Chi) (olla grande) cauldron, large pot* * *
fondo sustantivo masculino
1
llegaré al fondo de esta cuestión I'll get to the bottom of this matter
(— de habitación) back;
c) ( profundidad):
2 (Lit) ( contenido) content
3 (Fin)
◊ hacer un fondo común to start a joint fund o (colloq) a kittyb)
recaudar fondos to raise money;
un cheque sin fondos a dud o (AmE) rubber check (colloq)
4 (Dep) ( en atletismo):
5 (Méx) (Indum) slip, underskirt
6 ( en locs)
‹ limpieza› thorough;
( loc adv) ‹prepararse/entrenar› thoroughly;
de fondo ‹ruido/música› background ( before n);
en el fondo: en el fondo nos llevamos bien we get on all right, really;
en el fondo no es malo deep down he's not a bad person
fondo sustantivo masculino
1 (parte más profunda) bottom
un doble fondo, a false bottom
2 (interior de una persona) en el fondo es muy tierno, deep down he's very gentle
3 (extremo opuesto) (de una habitación) back
(de un pasillo) end
4 (segundo plano) background
música de fondo, background music
mujer sobre fondo rojo, woman on a red background
5 (núcleo, meollo) essence, core
el fondo del asunto, the core of the matter
6 Prensa artículo de fondo, leading article
7 Dep corredor de fondo, long-distance runner
esquí de fondo, cross-country skiing
8 Fin fund: nos dio un cheque sin fondos, he gave us a bad cheque
familiar fondo común, kitty 9 bajos fondos, underworld
10 (conjunto de documentos, libros etc.) batch: los fondos documentales están en el sótano, the batches of documents are in the basement
♦ Locuciones: tocar fondo, Náut to touch bottom
figurado to reach rock bottom
a fondo, thoroughly
a fondo perdido, non-recoverable funds
' fondo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
esquí
- F.M.I.
- FMI
- FSE
- lecho
- revolverse
- sentar
- telón
- artículo
- barril
- bien
- carrera
- corredor
- crear
- cuestión
- doble
- maquillaje
- mar
English:
back
- backdrop
- background
- bed
- blunder
- board
- bottom
- bottom out
- bottomless
- clean out
- clear out
- cross-country
- dappled
- depth
- end
- extensive
- floor
- fund
- going-over
- groundswell
- heart
- IMF
- inch
- International Monetary Fund
- kitty
- long-distance
- mutual fund
- pool
- scrub down
- seabed
- sink
- spring-clean
- stuff away
- thoroughly
- thrash out
- underneath
- unit trust
- abreast
- clean
- closely
- deep
- deeply
- disaster
- float
- full
- further
- good
- heavy
- in-depth
- international
* * *fondo nm1. [parte inferior] bottom;el fondo del mar the bottom of the sea;fondos [de embarcación] bottom;dar fondo [embarcación] to drop anchor;echar a fondo [embarcación] to sink;irse a fondo [embarcación] to sink, to founder;sin fondo bottomless;RP Fam¡fondo blanco! bottoms up!;tocar fondo [embarcación] to hit the bottom (of the sea/river);[crisis] to bottom out;su popularidad ha tocado fondo their popularity has reached an all-time low o rock bottom;mi paciencia ha tocado fondo my patience has reached its limit2. [de habitación, escenario] back;al fondo de [calle, pasillo] at the end of;[sala] at the back of;el fondo de la pista the back of the court;los baños están al fondo del pasillo, a la derecha the toilets are at the end of the corridor, on the right3. [dimensión] depth;un río de poco fondo a shallow river;tener un metro de fondo to be one metre deep4. [de cuadro, foto, tela] background;quiero una tela de flores sobre fondo negro I'd like some material with a pattern of flowers on a black background;al fondo in the background5. [de alcachofa] heart6. [de asunto, problema] heart, bottom;el problema de fondo the underlying problem;la cuestión de fondo the fundamental issue;llegar al fondo de to get to the heart o bottom of;el gobierno quiere llegar al fondo de la cuestión the government wants to get to the bottom of the matter;en el fondo [en lo más íntimo] deep down;[en lo esencial] basically;en el fondo está enamorada de él deep down, she loves him;en el fondo, no es mala persona deep down, she's not a bad person;en el fondo tus problemas son los mismos basically, you have the same problems8. [de obra literaria] substance9. [de dinero] fund;a fondo perdido [préstamo] non-returnable;no estamos dispuestos a invertir a fondo perdido we're not prepared to pour money down the drain;fondos [capital] funds;nos hemos quedado sin fondos our funds have run out;un cheque sin fondos a bad cheque;estar mal de fondos [persona] to be badly off;[empresa] to be short of funds;recaudar fondos to raise fundsEcon fondo de amortización sinking fund;fondos bloqueados frozen funds;fondo de cohesión cohesion fund;Fin fondo de comercio goodwill;fondo de compensación interterritorial interterritorial compensation fund;fondo común kitty;poner un fondo (común) to set up a kitty;Fin fondo de crédito permanente evergreen fund;fondo de emergencia contingency fund;UE fondos estructurales structural funds; Fin fondo ético ethical fund; UE Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo European Development Fund; UE Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional European Regional Development Fund;fondo de fideicomiso trust fund;Fin fondo de garantía de depósitos deposit guarantee fund; Fin fondo de inversión investment fund; Fin fondo de inversión ético ethical investment fund;fondo de inversión inmobiliaria real estate investment fund;Fondo Monetario Internacional International Monetary Fund;Fondo Mundial para la Naturaleza World Wildlife Fund;Econ fondo de pensiones pension fund;fondos públicos public funds;Fin fondo de renta fija non-equity fund, bond fund; Fin fondo de renta variable equity fund;fondos reservados = contingency funds available to ministries, for which they do not have to account publicly;Fin fondo rotativo revolving fund; UE Fondo Social Europeo European Social Fund;fondo vitalicio life annuity10. [fundamento] reason, basis;sus acciones tienen siempre un fondo humanitario everything she does is for humanitarian reasons11.hacer algo a fondo [en profundidad] to do sth thoroughly;hicimos una lectura a fondo we read it through carefully;hacer una limpieza a fondo to have a thorough clean;el juez ha ordenado una investigación a fondo the judge has ordered a full enquiry o an in-depth investigation;emplearse a fondo to do one's utmost12. [de biblioteca, archivo] catalogue, collectionfondo editorial backlistmedio fondo middle-distance running;carrera de fondo long-distance race;esquí de fondo cross-country skiing;de medio fondo middle-distancefondo en carretera [ciclismo] road racing16. Carib, Méx [prenda] petticoat18. RP [patio] back patio* * *m1 bottom;doble fondo false bottom;fondo marino seabed;tocar fondo fig reach bottom;los bajos fondos the underworld sg2 ( profundidad) depth;hacer una limpieza a fondo de algo give sth a thorough clean, clean sth thoroughly;emplearse a fondo fig give one’s all;ir al fondo de algo look at sth in depth;en el fondo deep down4 PINT, FOT background;música de fondo background music6 COM fund;fondos pl money sg, funds;a fondo perdido non-refundable;sin fondos cheque dud7 DEP:de medio fondo middle distance atr8 ( disposición):tiene buen fondo he’s got a good heart* * *fondo nm1) : bottom2) : rear, back, end3) : depth4) : background5) : sea bed6) : fundfondo de inversiones: investment fund8) fondos nmpl: funds, resourcescheque sin fondos: bounced check9)a fondo : thoroughly, in depthen fondo : abreast* * *fondo n1. (en general) bottom2. (de calle, pasillo) end3. (de habitación) back4. (segundo término) background -
93 система систем·а
1) systemпривести в систему свои наблюдения — to systematize / to classify one's observations
административно-командная система, командно-административная система — administrative-command system, command-administrative system
аналогичная / подобная система — similar system
всеобъемлющая система международного мира и безопасности — comprehensive system of international peace and security
создание всеобъемлющей системы международной безопасности — setting up / establishment of a comprehensive system of international security
двухпартийная система — bypartisan / biparty / two-party / bicameral system
избирательная система — election / electoral system
капиталистическая система, система капитализма — capitalist system
установление в законодательном порядке многопартийной политической системы — institutionalization of pluralist political system
стабильная / устойчивая система — stable system
2) эк. (форма организации чего-л.) systemЕвропейская валютная система — European Monetary System, EMS
"чистая" валютная система (основанная на ключевых валютах без участия золота) — pure key-currency system
застывшая система — ossified / unchanging system
потогонная система — speed up / sweating / sweat-shop system
рыночная система, система свободного рынка — market / free-market system
финансовая система — system of finance, financial system
системы льгот / преференций — preference schemes
система национальных счетов, СНС — System of National Accounts, SNA
система оплаты труда — system of labour payments, wage system
система отчисления взносов — dues "check-off" system
3) (совокупность принципов) systemсистема "промывания мозгов" — brainwashing system
4) (совокупность организаций, учреждений или предприятий) system, networkФедеральная резервная система (США) — Federal Reserve System, FRS
система всеобщего бесплатного больничного и медицинского обслуживания — system of universal free hospital and medical care
5) воен. systemпротиворакетная система с элементами космического базирования — space-based antiballistic missile system
противоспутниковая система, система противоспутниковой обороны — antisatellite system
развёртывание системы МИРВ (ракет с разделяющимися головными частями индивидуального наведения на цель) — mirving
система дальнего обнаружения баллистических ракет — ballistic missile early warning system, BMEWS
система передового базирования — forward-based systems, FBS
система противолодочной обороны, ПЛО — antisubmarine system
системы противоракетной обороны, ПРО — antiballistic missile / ABM systems
системы управления и связи — control and communications centres / systems
-
94 соглашение соглашени·е
1) (договор) agreement, accord, covenantаннулировать соглашение — to annul / to cancel / to rescind / to nullify an agreement
внести изменения в соглашение, изменить соглашение — to alter / to modify an agreement
выполнять соглашение — to implement / to abide by an agreement, to adhere / to accede to a convention
выработать соглашение — to work out an agreement / a convention, to hammer out an agreement
заключить соглашение — to conclude / to enter into / to make an agreement, to make an arrangement
нарушать соглашение — to transgress / to break an agreement
одобрить соглашение — to endorse an agreement, to approve a contract
отказаться от соглашения — to repudiate an agreement / an accord
подпадать под соглашение — to fall within an agreement, to be covered by an agreement
подрывать соглашение — to undermine an / agreement
придерживаться соглашения — to adhere to / to stand by an agreement
признать соглашение недействительным — to declare an agreement invalid / (mull and) void
присоединиться к соглашению — to accede to an agreement / a covenant
ратифицировать соглашение — to ratify an agreement / a covenant
соблюдать соглашение / условия соглашения — to honour / to observe an agreement
сорвать соглашение — to wreck / to frustrate an agreement
все эти соглашения лишены силы и не могут быть приведены в исполнение / выполнены — all such agreements are void and unenforceable
бессрочное соглашение — agreement of unlimited duration, open-ended agreement
взаимоприемлемое соглашение — mutually acceptable / concerted agreement
временное соглашение — interim / temporary agreement / contract
всеобъемлющее соглашение — comprehensive agreement, across-the-board agreement
всеобъемлющее соглашение о неприменении и ликвидации ядерного оружия — all-embracing agreement on the non-use and elimination of nuclear arms
Генеральное соглашение по таможенным тарифам и торговле — General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, GATT
кабальное соглашение — fettering / enslaving agreement
компенсационное соглашение — compensation / offsetting agreement
контролируемое должным образом соглашение — adequately supervised / verified agreement
международное соглашение — international agreement / covenant
письменное соглашение — agreement in writing / in written form
предварительное соглашение — preliminary / tentative agreement
рабочее соглашение — implementing / working agreement
справедливое, поддающееся контролю соглашение — equitable, verifiable agreement
товарное соглашение, соглашение по сырьевым товарам — commodity agreement
торговые соглашения — commercial / trade agreements
торговое и платёжное соглашение, соглашение о торговле и платежах — trade-and-payment agreement
трёхстороннее соглашение — triangular / tripartite agreement
устное соглашение — oral / parol agreement
выполнение соглашения — execution of the convention, implementation of an agreement
действенность / жизнеспособность соглашения — viability / force of an agreement
нарушение соглашения — violation of an agreement, breach of a contract
несоблюдение соглашения — noncompliance with / nonobservance of an agreement
положения / статьи соглашения, регулирующие торговлю — enactments for the regulation of trade
соглашение, в основе которого лежит тайный сговор (например, монополистических фирм) — collusive agreement
соглашение, выполнение которого поддаётся проверке — verifiable agreement
соглашение, достигнутое на основе консенсуса — consensus agreement
соглашение, заключаемое путём обмена нотами или письмами — agreement by exchange of notes or letters
соглашение, касающееся существа вопроса — substantive agreement
соглашение, не требующее ратификации — agreement without the requirement of ratification
соглашение об аннулировании долгов, моратории, сроков погашения или субсидировании процентов юр. — agreement on debt cancellation, moratorium, rescheduling or interest subsidigation
соглашение о взаимном предоставлении государственных кредитов — arrangements for the reciprocal availability of government credits
соглашение о глубоководной разработке полезных ископаемых на дне морей и океанов — agreement on deep seabed mining
соглашение "о двойном глобальном нуле" — a global double zero agreement
соглашение о мерах по уменьшению риска ядерной войны — agreement on measures to reduce the risk of the outbreak of nuclear war
соглашение о механизме разрешения торговых споров в арбитраже — agreement establishing an arbitration mechanism for settling commercial disputes
соглашение о проходе войск через... — agreement on the passage of troops through...
соглашение о 50-процентном сокращении стратегических наступательных вооружений, СНВ — agreement on 50 percent reductions in strategic offensive forces
соглашение об установлении дипломатических отношений и обмене дипломатическими представительствами — agreement on the establishment of diplomatic relations and exchange of diplomatic representatives
соглашение по вопросам наследования, наследственное соглашение — inheritance agreement
соглашение, подлежащее обнародованию — public convention
соглашение, устанавливающее модус вивенди — agreement providing for a modus vivendi
истечение / прекращение срока действия соглашения — expiration / termination of an agreement
страны, участвующие в данном соглашении — affected countries
выработать текст соглашения — to draft / to draw up the text of an agreement
2) (взаимное согласие) agreement, arrangement, understandingдостигнуть соглашения — to reach an agreement, to come to an agreement / arrangement (on, about)
достигнуть соглашения (по какому-л.) вопросу — to agree on / as to (smth.)
прийти к соглашению — to come to an agreement / understanding, to arrive at an agreement / understanding
джентльменское соглашение — gentlemen's agreement, honourable understanding
дружеское / полюбовное соглашение — amicable arrangement
мирное соглашение — peace / peaceful agreement
специальное соглашение — specific / ad hoc arrangement
устное соглашение — oral / parol / verbal agreement
частное соглашение — private understanding, special agreement
вопросы, по которым возможно или достигнуто соглашение — areas of agreement
соглашение между государственными / министерскими канцеляриями — chancellery agreement
соглашение об условиях проведения конференции / совещания / заседания — conference agreement
по взаимному соглашению — by mutual agreement / consent
Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > соглашение соглашени·е
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95 droit
I.droit1, e1 [dʀwa, dʀwat]1. adjective2. masculine noun3. feminine noun• le tiroir/chemin de droite the right-hand drawer/path• garder or tenir sa droite to keep to the right• candidat/idées de droite right-wing candidate/ideasII.droit2, e2 [dʀwa, dʀwat]1. adjectivea. ( = sans déviation, non courbe) [barre, ligne, route, nez] straightb. ( = vertical, non penché) [arbre, mur] straight• être or se tenir droit comme un i to stand bolt uprightc. ( = honnête, loyal) [personne] upright2. feminine noundroite ( = ligne) straight line3. adverb[viser, couper, marcher] straight• aller/marcher droit devant soi to go/walk straight ahead• aller droit au but or au fait to go straight to the pointIII.droit3 [dʀwa]1. masculine nouna. ( = prérogative) right• droit de pêche/chasse fishing/hunting rights• droit du sang/du sol right to nationality based on parentage/on place of birth• avoir le droit de faire qch (simple permission, possibilité) to be allowed to do sth ; (autorisation juridique) to have the right to do sth• avoir droit à [+ allocation] to be entitled to• avoir droit de regard sur [+ documents] to have the right to examine ; [+ affaires, décision] to have a say in• de quel droit est-il entré ? what right did he have to come in?• droit civil/pénal civil/criminal lawc. ( = taxe) droit d'entrée entrance fee• droits d'inscription/d'enregistrement enrolment/registration fee2. compounds► droit d'auteur ( = propriété artistique, littéraire) copyright• « tous droits (de reproduction) réservés » "all rights reserved" ► droits de succession inheritance tax* * *
1.
droite dʀwɑ, ɑt adjectif1) (pas courbe, pas tordu) [ligne, route, barre, cheveux, mur, nez] straight; ( pas penché) [écriture] up-and-downse tenir droit — ( debout) to stand up straight; ( assis) to sit up straight
s'écarter du droit chemin — fig to stray from the straight and narrow
2) ( contraire de gauche) right3) ( honnête) [personne] straight, upright; [vie] blameless4) ( sensé) [jugement] sound5) ( en couture) [jupe] straight; [veste] single-breasted6) Mathématique [cône, angle, prisme] right
2.
adverbe [aller, rouler] straightaller droit au but or fait — fig to go straight to the point
ça m'est allé droit au cœur — fig it really touched me
marcher or filer (colloq) droit — fig to toe the line
venir tout droit de — [expression, citation] to come straight out of [auteur, œuvre]
3.
nom masculin1) ( prérogative) rightavoir des droits sur quelqu'un/quelque chose — to have rights over somebody/something
avoir droit à — to have the right to [liberté, nationalité]; to be entitled to [bourse, indemnité]
il a eu droit à une amende — iron he got a fine
avoir le droit de faire — ( la permission) to be allowed to do; (selon la morale, la justice) to have the right to do
avoir le droit de vie ou de mort sur quelqu'un — to have (the) power of life and death over somebody
à bon droit — [se plaindre] with good reason
‘à qui de droit’ — ‘to whom it may concern’
j'en parlerai à qui de droit — (colloq) I'll speak to the appropriate person
faire droit à — to grant [requête]
2) Droit ( ensemble de lois) law3) ( redevance) fee4) ( en boxe) rightcrochet/uppercut du droit — right hook/uppercut
•Phrasal Verbs:••se tenir droit comme un i or un piquet — to hold oneself very erect
* * *dʀwa droit, -e1. adj1) (= non courbe) straight2) (= loyal, franc) upright, straight3) (= opposé à gauche) right2. adv3. nm1) (= prérogative) rightOn n'a pas le droit de fumer à l'école. — We're not allowed to smoke at school.
être en droit de — to have a right to, to have the right to
à bon droit (= justement) — with good reason
avoir droit de cité fig — to belong
See:2) (= lois, sujet)See:3) (= poing)4) (= taxe) duty, tax, [inscription] fee4. droits nmpl1) (= prérogatives) rightsSee:2) (= somme d'argent)See:5. nf1) (= ligne) straight line2) BOXE (= coup) right3) (= opposé à gauche) rightà droite (position) — on the right, (direction) right, to the right
4) POLITIQUE right, right wing* * *A adj1 (pas courbe, pas tordu) [ligne, route, barre, cheveux, mur, tour, nez] straight; ( pas penché) [cône, cylindre, prisme] right; [écriture] up-and-down; le tableau n'est pas droit the picture isn't straight; se tenir droit ( debout) to stand up straight; ( assis) to sit up straight; tenir qch droit to hold sth straight; le droit chemin fig the straight and narrow; s'écarter du droit chemin to stray from the straight and narrow; descendre en droite ligne de to be a direct descendant of;2 ( contraire de gauche) right; le côté droit the right side; du côté droit on the right(-hand) side;4 ( sensé) [jugement] sound;6 Math right.B adv [aller, rouler] straight; droit devant straight ahead; se diriger droit vers to make straight for, to make a beeline for○; la voiture venait droit sur nous the car was coming straight at us; continuez tout droit carry straight on; file tout droit à la maison go straight home; aller droit au but or fait fig to go straight to the point; aller droit à la catastrophe to be heading straight for disaster; ça m'est allé droit au cœur fig it really touched me; marcher droit lit to walk straight; marcher or filer○ droit to toe the line; regarder qn droit dans les yeux to look sb straight in the eye; venir tout droit de [expression, citation] to come straight out of [auteur, œuvre]; je reviens tout droit de chez elle/de l'exposition I've come straight from her place/the exhibition.C nm1 ( prérogative) right; connaître/faire valoir ses droits to know/assert one's rights; avoir des droits sur qn/qch to have rights over sb/sth; de quel droit est-ce que tu me juges? what gives you the right to judge me?; être dans son (bon) droit, avoir le droit pour soi or de son côté to be within one's rights; de (plein) droit by right(s); de droit divin [monarque, monarchie] by divine right; cela leur revient de droit it's theirs by right; c'est tout à fait ton droit you have every right to do so, you're perfectly entitled to do so; avoir droit à to have the right to [liberté, nationalité]; to be entitled to, to be eligible for [bourse, indemnité]; vous avez droit à une boisson chacun you're allowed one drink each; les spectateurs ont eu droit à un beau match the spectators were treated to a fine game; on a eu droit à ses souvenirs de régiment iron he treated us to stories about his army days; il a eu droit à une amende iron he got a fine; avoir le droit de faire ( la permission) to be allowed to do; (selon la morale, la justice) to have the right to do; elle n'a pas le droit de sortir le soir she isn't allowed to go out at night; j'ai quand même le droit de poser une question! iron I suppose I am allowed to ask a question?; j'ai le droit de savoir I've got a right to know; elle n'a pas le droit de me juger/d'exiger ça de moi she has no right to judge me/to demand that of me; avoir le droit de vie ou de mort sur qn to have (the) power of life and death over sb; il s'imagine qu'il a tous les droits he thinks he can do whatever he likes; être en droit de to be entitled to; on est en droit de se demander si… we are entitled ou we have every right to wonder if…; ça te donne droit à… it entitles you to…; à bon droit [se plaindre, protester] with good reason; ‘à qui de droit’ ‘to whom it may concern’; j'en parlerai à qui de droit○ I'll speak to the appropriate person; faire droit à to grant [demande, requête];2 Jur ( ensemble de lois) law; le droit français/anglais French/English law; faire son droit to study law; étudiant en droit law student;3 ( redevance) fee; acquitter/percevoir un droit to pay/receive a fee; droit d'inscription registration fee; passible de droit dutiable;D droite nf1 ( opposé à gauche) la droite the right; la porte de droite the door on the right; être/rouler à droite to be/to drive on the right; tourner à droite to turn right; tenir sa droite Aut to keep (to the) right; à ta droite, sur ta droite on your right; à droite de to the right of; deuxième couloir à droite second corridor on the right; il ne connaît pas sa droite de sa gauche he can't tell (his) right from (his) left; demander à droite et à gauche ( partout) to ask everywhere ou all over the place; ( à tous) to ask everybody; être critiqué de droite et de gauche to be criticized from all sides ou by everybody;2 Pol right; voter à droite to vote for the right; de droite [parti, personne, gouvernement] right-wing; être à or de droite to be right-wing;3 Math straight line.droit administratif administrative law; droit aérien Jur air law; droit des affaires Jur company law GB, corporate law US; droit d'aînesse Jur birthright, primogeniture; droit d'antenne broadcasting right; droit d'asile Pol right of asylum; droit au bail right to the lease; droit canon Jur canon law; droit de cité Jur (right of) citizenship; fig acceptance; acquérir droit de cité fig to gain acceptance; avoir droit de cité to be accepted; donner droit de cité à to accept; droit civil Jur civil law; droit commercial commercial law; droit commun ( prisonnier) nonpolitical; de droit commun [prisonnier] nonpolitical, ordinary; [[taux, régime] ordinary; droit constitutionnel Jur constitutional law; droit coutumier Jur common law; droit écrit Jur statute law; droit d'entrée Comm, Fisc import duty; ( pour une personne) entrance fee; droit d'étalage Comm, Fisc stallage; droit fil Cout straight grain; fig main line; dans le droit fil de fig in line with; droit fiscal Jur tax law; droit de grâce Jur right of reprieve; droit de grève Pol right to strike; droit immobilier Jur property law; droit international Jur international law; droit maritime Jur maritime law; droit de passage Jur right of way GB, easement US; droit pénal Jur criminal law; droit de port Fisc port dues; droit de poursuite Jur right of action; droit de préemption right of preemption; droit privé Jur private law; droit de propriété right of possession; droit public Jur public law; droit de recours Jur right of appeal; droit de regard Fin right of inspection; gén avoir droit de regard sur to have a say in; droit de réponse right of reply; droit de rétention lien; droit du sang right to citizenship by virtue of kinship; droit social Jur labourGB law; droit du sol right to citizenship by virtue of birth in a country; droit de timbre Fisc stamp duty; droit du travail Jur labourGB law; droit d'usage Jur customary right; droit de veto right of veto; droit de visite Jur right of access; droit de vote Pol right to vote; droits d'auteur Édition royalties; droits civiques Pol civil rights; droits de douane Comm, Fisc customs duties; les droits de l'homme human rights; droits de quai Fisc wharfage; droits de reproduction reproduction rights; tous droits de reproduction réservés all rights reserved; droits de succession Fisc inheritance tax; droits de tirage spéciaux, DTS Fisc special drawing rights, SDR.se tenir droit comme un i or un piquet to hold oneself very erect ou upright.I1. [rectiligne - allée, bâton, nez] straight2. [vertical, non penché - mur] upright, straight, plumb (terme spécialisé) ; [ - dossier, poteau] upright, straightêtre ou se tenir droita. [assis] to sit up straightb. [debout] to stand up straightdroit comme un cierge ou un i ou un piquet (as) stiff as a poker ou a ramrod ou a post3. [d'aplomb] straight6. [vêtement]manteau/veston droit single-breasted coat/jacket————————adverbe[écrire] in a straight line[couper, rouler] straight (adverbe)après le carrefour, c'est toujours tout droit after the crossroads, keep going straight on ou aheadaller droit à la catastrophe/l'échec to be heading straight for disaster/a failure————————droite nom fémininII[ailier, jambe, œil] right————————nom masculin————————droite nom féminin1. [côté droit]la droite the right (side), the right-hand sidede droite et de gauche from all quarters ou sides2. POLITIQUE————————à droite locution adverbiale1. [du côté droit]à droite et à gauche (figuré) here and there, hither and thither (littéraire & humoristique), all over the place2. MILITAIREà droite, droite! right wheel!3. POLITIQUEêtre à droite to be right-wing ou on the right————————à droite de locution prépositionnelleto ou on the right of————————de droite locution adjectivale1. [du côté droit]la porte de droite the door on the right, the right-hand door2. POLITIQUEles gens de droite rightwingers, people on the right[drwa] nom masculin1. DROITavoir le droit pour soi to have right ou the law on one's sidedroit civil/commercial/constitutionnel civil/commercial/constitutional lawdroit commun ou coutumier common lawdroit privé/public private/public law2. [prérogative particulière] rightdans cette entreprise, le droit de cuissage est monnaie courante sexual harassment is very common in this companydroit de voirietax paid by businesses who wish to place displays, signs etc. on the public highwayle droit de vote (the) franchise, the right to voteavoir droit de cité [idéologie] to be established, to have currencyils se croient tous les droits, ces gens-là! these people think they can do what they like!3. [autorisation sociale ou morale] rightde quel droit l'a-t-il lue? what gave him the right to read it?, what right had he to read it?donner droit à: le billet donne droit à une consommation gratuite the ticket entitles you to one free drinkdonner le droit à quelqu'un de faire quelque chose to give somebody the right to ou to entitle somebody to do somethingêtre en droit de faire to be entitled ou to have the right to doreprendre ses droits [idée, habitude, nature] to reassert itselfa. [explications] to be entitled tob. [bourse, indemnité] to be entitled to, to be eligible forc. [reconnaissance, respect] to deservea. [comptabilité, dossier] to have the right to examine ou to inspectb. [activités] to have the right to controla. [généralement] to be allowed ou to have the right to dob. [officiellement] to have the right ou to be entitled to doj'ai bien le droit de me reposer! I'm entitled to some rest, aren't I?5. [frais] feedroits d'inscription registration fee ou fees6. (locution)dans mon/son (bon) droit within my/his rightsde (plein) droit by rights, as a right————————droits nom masculin pluriel1. droita. [prérogative] rights, copyrightb. [somme] royaltiestous droits (de reproduction) réservés copyright ou all rights reserved2. INFORMATIQUE -
96 контроль контрол·ь
(проверка, наблюдение с целью проверки) control, inspection; (за выполнением договора и т.п.) тех. verification; monitoringбыть / находиться под контроль ем — to be under control
ввести контроль — to adopt / impose control (over)
взять под контроль — to bring / to put (smth.) under control
держать под контролем — to have control (over), to hold the key (of)
обеспечить контроль — to ensure / to provide for verification
ослабить контроль — to loosen / to slacken control (over)
осуществлять контроль — to exercise / have control (over), to carry out verification
передать под чей-л. контроль — to place under smb.'s control
получить контроль — to gain control (over)
потерять контроль — to lose control (of)
сократить количество ядерного оружия при (надлежащем) контроле — to reduce verifiably the quantity of nuclear weapons
сохранить контроль — to retain control (over)
ужесточить контроль — to tighten control (over)
усилить контроль — to strengthen control (over)
установить контроль — to set up / to establish control (over)
адекватный / надлежащий / соответствующий контроль — adequate / appropriate control / verification
под адекватным / надлежащим / соответствующим контролем — adequately verified
валютный контроль — currency / exchange control; (сдача государству валюты и покупка её по установленному курсу) rationing of foreign exchange
форма государственного экономического контроля (юридически одобренная, но применяемая при определённых условиях) — stand-by control
действенный / эффективный контроль — effective / efficient control (over)
дистанционный контроль — remote control / monitoring / verification; extraterritorial monitoring
инструментальный контроль, контроль с помощью приборов — instrumental control / verification / monitoring
народный контроль — public control, voluntary public inspection
непрерывный контроль с помощью установленных на месте приборов — continuous monitoring with on-site instruments
открытый контроль (за уничтожением запасов оружия и т.п.) — demonstrative verification
паспортный контроль — passport control / inspection
поэтапный контроль — stage-by-stage control, control by stages
правительственный контроль, контроль правительства — government control / inspection
радиационный контроль — radiation / radiological monitoring
строгий контроль — strict control, stringent monitoring / verification
под строгим и эффективным международным контролем — under strict and effective international control
финансовый контроль — financial control (over)
контроль деятельности администрации — control of the work of administration / managerial staff
контроль за атмосферой / состоянием атмосферы — atmospheric monitoring
контроль за непроизводством (химического оружия и т.п.) — nonproduction control, monitoring of the nonproduction
контроль запасов (химического оружия и т.п.) — inspection of stocks
контроль за соблюдением (договора, соглашения и т.п.) — control of / over the observance (of), verification / monitoring of compliance (with)
контроль за соблюдением запрещения испытаний ядерного оружия — test-ban control / verification
контроль за соблюдением положений договора — verification of compliance with the provisions of a treaty
контроль за состоянием окружающей среды — environmental control / monitoring of the state of the environment
контроль за уничтожением (запасов определённого вида оружия) — destruction control, verification of stockpiles destruction
контроль над вооружениями — arms control, control of arms
контроль над ядерными вооружениями — control of nuclear weapons, nuclear-arms control
контроль над органами массовой информации — control over mass / news media
контроль над химическим оружием — chemical-weapons control / verification
контроль с использованием национальных технических средств — verification by national technical means
меры по контролю — verification measures, measures of verification
методы контроля — verification methods / technique
методы контроля, которые не выходят за предусмотренные / согласованные рамки, методы контроля, которые не носят характера вмешательства — nonintrusive (methods of) verification
персонал, проводящий контроль — verification personnel
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97 правило правил·о
1) rule; (положения для руководства) regulationsнарушать правила — to contravene / to violate regulations, to break rules
не прибегать к правилу, не применять правила — to waive a rule
определять / устанавливать правила — to lay down / to make the rules
подпадать под действие правила — to be subject to / to come under a rule
подчиняться правилам — to comply with / to conform to the rules
придерживаться правил, соблюдать правила — to adhere to / to comply with / to conform to / to observe / to obey the rules
работа по правилам (вид забастовки, при которой умышленно замедляется темп производства) — work-to-rule
устанавливать правила старшинства дипломатических представительств — to fix the rules of procedure among diplomatic missions
единообразные / единые правила — uniform rules
незыблемые / установленные правила — set rules
основные правила — fundamental rules, fundamentals
постоянно действующие / постоянные правила — standing rules
процедурные правила, правила процедуры — см. процедура
строгое правило — rigid / rigorous / stringent rule
по всем правилам — properly, according to all rules
в нарушение / против правил — contrary to / against regulations
правила внутреннего распорядка — internal regulations, rules and regulations; (компании, общества) by-law
правило "Д" (регулирующее операции банков — членов Федеральной резервной системы США) — regulation D
правила о неприятии (судом) доказательств, полученных незаконным путём — expulsionary rules
правила, определённо признанные спорящими государствами — rules expressly recognized by the contesting states
правила, остающиеся в силе в течение одной сессии парл. — sessional orders
2) (образ мыслей, нормы поведения) principle, maximправила поведения (в обществе) — etiquette, protocol rules of conduct
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98 взаимный валютный счёт МВФ
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > взаимный валютный счёт МВФ
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99 Intershop
m; -s, -s; ehem. DDR: Intershop (shop in the former GDR that sold quality or foreign goods for hard currency)* * *In|ter|shop ['ɪntɐʃɔp]m -s, -s (DDR)international shop* * * -
100 handel
commerce, deal, trade, business* * *subst. commerce, business subst. trade subst. [ det å handle] trading subst. [ detaljhandel] retail trade, retail distribution, retailing subst. [ eksporthandel] export trade subst. [ kommisjonshandel] commission business subst. [ utenrikshandel] foreign/external trade [ med aksjer] share trading, dealings in shares, share dealings, stock trading [ egen-] own-account trading/transactions, trading on one's own account [ engros-] wholesale trade, wholesaling [ fri-] free trade (innenlandsk handel) internal/domestic/inland/home trade [ innside-] insider trading/dealing [ valuta-] currency dealing [ valuta-] foreign exchange trading, foreign currency trading, foreign exchange operations [ verdens-] world/global/international trade
См. также в других словарях:
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