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61 typographique
typographique [tipɔgʀafik]adjective[opérations, art] typographical• erreur or faute typographique typographical error* * *tipɔgʀafikadjectif typographicalerreur typographique — typographical ou printer's error, misprint
* * *tipɔɡʀafik adj(caractère, signe) typographical, (qualité, innovation) typographical* * *[tipɔgrafik] adjectif[procédé] letterpress (modificateur)[caractère] typographic -
62 FCPI
сокр. -
63 préparation
сущ.1) общ. подготовка, препарат, подготовка к анализу текста (для работы в классе), я... подготовка к..., предварительная обработка, разделка (туши), подготовительные работы, приготовление, продукт, подготовка к переводу текста (для работы в классе)2) тех. проходка подготовительных выработок, обогащение, подготовительные (горные) работы, препарирование, сортировка, заряжание (скважин или шпуров)3) стр. (действие) подготовка, (подготовка) заготовка4) иск. набросок пастелью5) метал. изготовление, производство6) муз. приготовление (диссонанса)7) текст. ровница8) выч. формирование, составление (напр. программы)9) произв. техническая подготовка (activité englobant tout le processus d'innovation de l'entreprise)10) час. "повестка к бою" (механизм боя) -
64 Autoentrepreneur
New business structure introduced in 2009, to encourage entrepreneurship in France. The system has proved even more successful than predicted, and hundreds of thousands of people signed up for the new status in the first six months. The great attraction and innovation of this system is its simplicity. In the past, setting up as a sole trader or self-employed in France was a very complex formality, involving registration with at least three different organisations (depending on the nature of the work), for tax, social security and health service benefits; it was also fiscally heavy, with high contributions to the various "caisses", bearing no relation at all to actual earnings during the first two years.The new "statut de l'autoentrepreneur" has done away with all this; signing up is a simple process, done on line, and those choosing this status have one single periodic payment to make, covering all their social security and health contribution charges, and even income tax. Payments are strictly based on actual earnings, so a self employed person who earned only 10 Euros in a poor month now pays his social security charge as a proportion of the sum actually earned. There are three contribution rates, depending on the nature of the activity, sales, services or professional consultancy.Anyone can sign up for this new status, which covers not only the self employed, but also those who have a job with an employer, but also wish to undertake entrepreneurial activities as a sideline.A secondary advantage of this new system has been to bring into the system people who previously did the odd job on the side here and there, but never declared these earnings, on account of the complexity and expense of the previous systems..Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Autoentrepreneur
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65 Baccalauréat
The classic school leaving certificate, taken by pupils reaching the end of secondary education. The traditional baccalauréat is caélled the Baccalauréat Général; a more recent innovation is the Baccalauréat professionnel (see above). The general baccalauréat is divided into three "series"; letters, science, and economic and social studies. for more detail see education in France.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Baccalauréat
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66 coutume
f. (lat. pop. °cosetudine, class. consuetudo, inis "habitude") 1. обичай, традиция; 2. ост., лит. навик; avoir coutume de имам навик да; 3. loc. adv. de coutume обикновено; comme de coutume както обикновено. Ќ une fois n'est pas coutume погов. веднъж не е правило; us et coutumes нрави и обичаи. Ќ Ant. exception, innovation, nouveauté. -
67 routine
f. (de route) 1. обиграност, навик, сръчност, придобита от дълга практика, рутина; enquête de routine рутинно, обичайно следствие; 2. рутина, шаблон, стар навик, привичка, стара традиция, изостаналост; 3. комп. компютърна програма, която повтаря често определени операции. Ќ Ant. initiative, innovation. -
68 nouveauté
f1. (caractère) новизна́;la nouveauté d'une invention (d'une mode, d'un style) — новизна́ изобрете́ния (мо́ды, сти́ля)
2. absolt. но́вое ◄-ого►, новизна́;l'attrait de la nouveauté — притяга́тельность новизны́; en voilà une nouveauté! — вот э́то < так> но́вость!adorer la nouveauté — обожа́ть ipf. всё но́вое;
3. (innovation) но́вшество, нововведе́ние, но́вое;hostile aux nouveautés — враг но́вого <но́вшеств>
4. (souvent pl.) ( production) нови́нка ◄о►, но́вый това́р;un magasin de nouveautés — магази́н нови́нок; les articles de haute nouveauté — това́ры са́мой после́дней мо́ды; les nouveautés annoncées sous la rubrique:sur ce rayon il y a toutes les nouveautés ∑ — на э́той по́лке лежа́т все нови́нки;
«vient de paraître» кни́жные нови́нки в ру́брике «вы́шли из печа́ти», «вы́шли в свет» -
69 renouvellement
noun mfornyelsexxx mfornyelseinnovation
См. также в других словарях:
INNOVATION — Dans son sens le plus large, innovation peut désigner tout changement introduit sciemment dans l’économie par un agent quelconque et ayant pour but et résultat une utilisation plus efficiente ou plus satisfaisante des ressources. Cette acception… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Innovation — heißt wörtlich „Neuerung“ oder „Erneuerung“. Das Wort ist vom lateinischen Verb innovare (erneuern) abgeleitet. Im allgemeinen Sprachgebrauch wird der Begriff unspezifisch im Sinne von neuen Ideen und Erfindungen und für deren wirtschaftliche… … Deutsch Wikipedia
innovation — in‧no‧va‧tion [ˌɪnəˈveɪʆn] noun 1. [countable] a new idea, method, or invention: • It is a fairly recent innovation for rent to be paid in advance. • the technical innovations which research could deliver to the economy 2. [uncountable] the… … Financial and business terms
Innovation — Sf Neuheit per. Wortschatz fremd. Erkennbar fremd (19. Jh.) Entlehnung. Entlehnt aus l. innovatio Erneuerung, Veränderung , Abstraktum zu l. innovāre erneuern , zu l. novus neu . Der neuere Gebrauch unter englischem Einfluß. Ebenso nndl.… … Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen sprache
Innovation — In no*va tion, n. [L. innovatio; cf. F. innovation.] 1. The act of innovating; introduction of something new, in customs, rites, commercial products, etc. Dryden. [1913 Webster] 2. A change effected by innovating; a change in customs; something… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
innovation — Innovation. s. f. Introduction de quelque nouveauté dans une coustume, dans un usage desja receu. Il ne faut point faire d innovation. ces innovations sont dangereuses … Dictionnaire de l'Académie française
Innovation — (v. lat.), 1) Erneuerung; 2) Handlungen im Proceß, wodurch eine Partei über eine in Streit befangene Sache willkürlich disponirt u. Veränderungen damit getroffen hat, s.u. Litigiosität; 3) für die Appellationsinstanz, so v.w. Attentat 3); 4) (Bot … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Innovation — (lat., »Verjüngung«), die im Pflanzenreich überaus verbreitete Erscheinung, daß die vegetative Tätigkeit von ältern Teilen fortgesetzt auf neue Ausgliederungen, z. B. von absterbenden Sprossen auf junge, übergeht … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Innovation — (lat.), Erneuerung; das Treiben frischer Triebe aus neuen Adventiv oder ruhenden Axillarknospen … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
innovation — I noun adaptation, alteration, breaking of precedent, change, change in method, departure, digression, divergence, diversification, exchange of obligations, invention, modernization, modification, mutare, neoterism, new device, new idea, new… … Law dictionary
innovation — INNOVATION: Toujours dangereuse … Dictionnaire des idées reçues
