infirm

con-sĕnesco, nŭi, 3, v. inch., to grow old together, to grow or become old or gray (class. in prose and poetry).

Lit.:

(Baucis et Philemon) illā consenuere casā,

Ov. M. 8, 634: socerorum in armis, * Hor. C. 3, 5, 8; cf.:

in patriā meā,

Ov. Tr. 4, 8, 12:

alieno in agro (exercitus),

Liv. 9, 19, 6:

in exilio,

id. 35, 34, 7:

in ultimo terrarum orbis angulo,

Vell. 2, 102, 3:

circa Casilinum Cumasque,

Liv. 30, 20, 9:

Smyrnae,

Suet. Gram. 6.—

Meton.

In Quint., to grow old or gray in an occupation, to follow it too long:

in commentariis rhetorum,

Quint. 3, 8, 67 in quā umbrā, id. 10, 5, 17; and:

in unā ejus specie,

id. 12, 11, 16.—

In a more general sense (causa pro effectu), to become weak, infirm, powerless, to waste away, fall into disuse, decay, fade, lose force, etc.

With living subjects:

prae maerore atque aegritudine,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 63; cf. id. Capt. 1, 2, 25:

in manibus alicujus et gremio maerore et lacrimis,

Cic. Clu. 5, 13; Liv. 35, 34, 7:

(columbae) si inclusae consenescunt,

Varr. R. R. 3, 7, 6; so id. ib. 3, 9, 14:

veturno,

Col. 7, 5, 3.—

Trop., to lose consideration or respect: omnes illius partis auctores ac socios nullo adversario consenescere. Cic. Att. 2, 23, 2.—

With inanimate subjects: ova consenescunt, Varr R. R. 3, 9, 8; cf.:

vinea soli vitio consenuit,

Col. 4, 22, 8:

veru in manibus,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 2, 15; cf.:

consenuit haec tabula carie,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 91: haut ulla carina Consenuit, not one has grown old, i. e. all have perished, Prop. 3, 7 (4, 6), 36: (nobis) viget aetas, animus valet; contra illis annis atque divitiis omnia consenuerunt, Sall. C. 20, 10 Kritz and Fabri:

quamvis consenuerint vires atque defecerint,

Cic. Sen. 9, 29;

with vires,

Liv. 6, 23, 7:

animum quoque patris consenuisse in adfecto corpore,

id. 9, 3, 8: noster amicus Magnus, cujus cognomen unā cum Crassi Divitis cognomine consenescit. Cic. Att. 2, 13, 2:

veteres leges aut. ipsā suā vetustate consenuisse aut novis legibus esse sublatas,

id. de Or. 1, 58, 247;

so of laws,

Liv. 3, 31, 7:

invidia,

Cic. Clu. 2, 5:

rabies et impetus,

Flor. 3, 3, 5:

oratio dimetiendis pedibus,

Quint. 9, 4, 112.

dēbĭlis (old shortened form debil, v. Ritschl, Opusc. Phil. 2, 331), e, adj. [de-habilis; cf. Dig. 49, 16, 4, § 12: lit. unmanageable, wanting in flexibility or activity; hence], lame, disabled, crippled, infirm, debilitated, feeble, frail, weak, etc. For syn. cf.: imbecillus, infirmus, invalidus (freq. and class.).

Lit.

Of personal subjects:

debiles fieri,

Cato R. R. 157, 10:

si gladium imbecillo seni aut debili dederis,

Cic. Sest. 10, 24; cf. id. Phil. 8, 10, 31; Phaedr. 4, 2, 10:

confectus senectute, mancus et membris omnibus captus ac debilis,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 21; cf.: debilis manu, pede, coxa, Maecen. ap. Sen. Ep. 101, 11; ille humero, hic lumbis, hic coxa debilis, * Juv. 10, 227:

plurimis stipendiis debilis miles,

Plin. 7, 28, 29, § 104:

integris debiles implicabantur,

Curt. 4, 16, 11:

amissis remis atque ordine debilis uno Sergestus,

Verg. A. 5, 271:

claudi ac debiles equi,

Liv. 21, 40.—

Of inanimate subjects: membra metu, * Ter. Ad. 4, 4, 3; Sen. Contr. 5, 33; cf.

debile fit corpus,

Lucr. 4, 952; 5, 830:

manus,

Ov. M. 12, 106: crus, * Suet. Vesp. 7:

ferrum,

Verg. A. 12, 50:

pennae,

Ov. R. Am. 198:

jugum,

id. Pont. 3, 1, 68:

umbra,

id. Tr. 3, 4, 20.— Poet.:

iter,

i.e. of a wounded man, Stat. Th. 12, 144.

Trop., disabled, weak, in mind, character, authority, etc.

Of personal subjects:

eos qui restitissent infirmos sine illo (sc. Catilina) ac debiles fore putabam,

Cic. Cat. 3, 2:

qui hac parte animi (sc. memoria) tam debilis esset, ut, etc.,

id. Brut. 61, 219:

ingenio debilior,

Tac. H. 4, 62; cf.: sine animo anima est debilis, Att. ap. Non. 426, 48 (v. 296 Ribbeck).—

Of inanimate subjects:

duo corpora esse reipublicae, unum debile, infirmo capite: alterum firmum sine capite,

Cic. Mur. 25, 51:

manca ac debilis praetura,

id. Mil. 9, 25; id. Tusc. 2, 5, 13:

manus, sine quibus trunca esset actio ac debilis,

Quint. 11, 3, 85: inscitia, * Pers. 5, 99.— Comp. v. supra.— Sup. appears not to occur.—

* Adv., dēbĭlĭter, infirmly, lamely, feebly: lacrimis lingua debiliter stupet, Pac. ap. Non. 98, 18 (v. 355 Ribbeck).

fessus, a, um, P. a. [cf. Sanscr. hā-, gahāmi, relinquo; Gr. chiros, chêra, chôris; Lat. ad-fatim, fatigo], wearied, tired, fatigued; worn out, weak, feeble, infirm (class.; esp. freq. in poets; syn.: fatigatus, defessus, lassus, languidus).

Prop., of living beings:

Romani quamquam itinere atque opere castrorum et proelio fessi lassique erant, tamen, etc.,

Sall. J. 53, 5:

de via fessus,

Cic. Ac. 1, 1, 1:

fessum inedia fluctibusque recreare,

id. Planc. 10, 26:

Veientes bello fessi,

id. Div. 1, 44, 100:

militiā fessae cohortes,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 38:

plorando fessus sum,

Cic. Att. 15, 9, 1:

satiate videndi,

Lucr. 2, 1038:

curāque viāque,

Ov. M. 11, 274:

somno,

Tib. 1, 3, 88:

malis,

Ov. M. 9, 293:

aetate,

Verg. A. 2, 596; cf.

annis,

Ov. M. 9, 440:

valetudinibus,

Tac. H. 3, 2:

fessi vomere tauri,

Hor. C. 3, 13, 11:

elephanti fessi aegritudine,

Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 3:

exercito corpore fessus,

Sall. J. 71, 1; 70, 2:

cum tibi librum Sollicito damus aut fesso,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 221:

inde Rubos fessi pervenimus,

id. S. 1, 5, 94; so,

viator,

id. ib. 1, 5, 17:

pastor,

id. C. 3, 29, 22:

Graii (sc. bello),

id. ib. 2, 4, 11:

boves,

id. Epod. 2, 63.—

With gen. ( poet.):

fessi rerum,

exhausted with events, misfortunes, Verg. A. 1, 178:

fessus bellique viaeque,

Stat. Th. 3, 395:

trepidi rerum fessique salutis,

despairing of safety, Sil. 2, 234.—With acc.:

agmina fessa gradum,

Sil. 4, 40.—

Transf., of inanim. and abstr. things (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

alter fessum vulnere, fessum cursu trahens corpus,

Liv. 1, 25, 11; cf. Hor. C. 2, 7, 18; Lucr. 4, 848:

(Phoebus) qui salutari levat arte fessos Corporis artus,

i. e. sick, diseased, Hor. Carm. Sec. 63:

vox fessa loquendo,

Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 85:

fessa aetas,

i. e. the weakness of age, Tac. A. 14, 33:

fessa aetate Galbae,

id. H. 1, 12:

domus aetatis spatio ne fessa vetusto Obruat,

worn out, decayed, Lucr. 3, 774; cf. id. 5, 308:

cardines fessi et turbati,

Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 120:

(amnes) In mare deducunt fessas erroribus undas,

Ov. M. 1, 582:

naves,

Verg. A. 1, 168; 5, 29:

puppes,

Ov. M. 6, 519; Tib. 2, 5, 46:

carinae,

Ov. M. 11, 393; id. A. A. 3, 748:

vela,

Prop. 3 (4), 21, 19: fessa dies, spent, i. e. drawing to a close, Stat. S. 2, 2, 48:

fessae res,

critical, precarious, Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 18;

also,

misfortunes, calamities, Verg. A. 3, 145:

rebus succurite fessis,

id. ib. 11, 335:

deligendum esse qui fessis rebus succurreret,

Tac. A. 15, 50.

in-firmus, a, um (post-class. infir-mis, e, Amm. 20, 6), adj., not strong, weak, feeble.

Lit.:

viribus infirmis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 95:

valetudo,

id. Brut. 48, 180:

classis inops et infirma,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 33, § 86:

valetudo infirmissima,

id. de Or. 1, 45. —Hence, infirm, indisposed, sick:

sum admodum infirmus,

Cic. Ac. 1, 4, 14; Plin. Ep. 7, 26:

pecus,

i. e. sheep, Ov. Ib. 44:

lumen solis,

weak, feeble, Luc. 5, 545:

infirmior est panis ex polline,

less nourishing, Cels. 2, 18:

infirmissimus cibarius panis,

id. ib.:

saporis vinum,

Col. 3, 7:

infirmissimae arbores,

Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 217:

nervi,

weak, id. 23, 2, 28, § 59:

civitas exigua et infirma,

Caes. B. G. 7, 17.—With ad:

infirmi ad resistendum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 9, 3:

infirmior ad haec omnia,

Plin. 36, 20, 37, § 145.—With adversus:

fama, infirmissimum adversus viros fortes telum,

Curt. 4, 14.— In neutr. pl. subst.: infirma, ōrum, the weak parts:

lineae,

Plin. 9, 43, 67, § 145.—

Trop., weak in mind or character, superstitious, pusillanimous, inconstant, light-minded:

tenuis atque infirmi haec animi videri,

Caes. B. C. 1, 32:

quippe minuti Semper et infirmi est animi voluptas ultio,

Juv. 13, 190:

sum paulo infirmior,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 71:

quorum concursu terrentur infirmiores,

Caes. B. C. 1, 3, 5:

homines infirmissimi,

very uncertain, not to be depended on, Col. 3, 10, 6.—Of things, of no weight or consequence, weak, trivial, inconclusive:

omnino ad probandum utraque res infirma et nugatoria est,

Cic. Caecin. 23, 64:

quod apud omnes leve et infirmum est,

id. Rosc. Com. 2, 6:

cautiones,

id. Fam. 7, 18:

infirmiore vinculo (amicitiae) contrahi,

Liv. 7, 30, 2. —Hence, advv.

Form infirmē.

Weakly, faintly, not strongly, not very:

infirme animatus,

Cic. Fam. 15, 1, 3. — Of speech, feebly, without vigor of expression:

jejune et infirme,

Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 21.—

Weak-mindedly, superstitiously:

tonitrua et fulgura paulo infirmius expavescebat,

Suet. Aug. 9. —

Form infirmĭter, weakly, feebly, without energy:

infirmiter invalideque dicere,

Arn. 7, 250.

in-firmus, a, um (post-class. infir-mis, e, Amm. 20, 6), adj., not strong, weak, feeble.

Lit.:

viribus infirmis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 95:

valetudo,

id. Brut. 48, 180:

classis inops et infirma,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 33, § 86:

valetudo infirmissima,

id. de Or. 1, 45. —Hence, infirm, indisposed, sick:

sum admodum infirmus,

Cic. Ac. 1, 4, 14; Plin. Ep. 7, 26:

pecus,

i. e. sheep, Ov. Ib. 44:

lumen solis,

weak, feeble, Luc. 5, 545:

infirmior est panis ex polline,

less nourishing, Cels. 2, 18:

infirmissimus cibarius panis,

id. ib.:

saporis vinum,

Col. 3, 7:

infirmissimae arbores,

Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 217:

nervi,

weak, id. 23, 2, 28, § 59:

civitas exigua et infirma,

Caes. B. G. 7, 17.—With ad:

infirmi ad resistendum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 9, 3:

infirmior ad haec omnia,

Plin. 36, 20, 37, § 145.—With adversus:

fama, infirmissimum adversus viros fortes telum,

Curt. 4, 14.— In neutr. pl. subst.: infirma, ōrum, the weak parts:

lineae,

Plin. 9, 43, 67, § 145.—

Trop., weak in mind or character, superstitious, pusillanimous, inconstant, light-minded:

tenuis atque infirmi haec animi videri,

Caes. B. C. 1, 32:

quippe minuti Semper et infirmi est animi voluptas ultio,

Juv. 13, 190:

sum paulo infirmior,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 71:

quorum concursu terrentur infirmiores,

Caes. B. C. 1, 3, 5:

homines infirmissimi,

very uncertain, not to be depended on, Col. 3, 10, 6.—Of things, of no weight or consequence, weak, trivial, inconclusive:

omnino ad probandum utraque res infirma et nugatoria est,

Cic. Caecin. 23, 64:

quod apud omnes leve et infirmum est,

id. Rosc. Com. 2, 6:

cautiones,

id. Fam. 7, 18:

infirmiore vinculo (amicitiae) contrahi,

Liv. 7, 30, 2. —Hence, advv.

Form infirmē.

Weakly, faintly, not strongly, not very:

infirme animatus,

Cic. Fam. 15, 1, 3. — Of speech, feebly, without vigor of expression:

jejune et infirme,

Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 21.—

Weak-mindedly, superstitiously:

tonitrua et fulgura paulo infirmius expavescebat,

Suet. Aug. 9. —

Form infirmĭter, weakly, feebly, without energy:

infirmiter invalideque dicere,

Arn. 7, 250.

in-vălĭdus, a, um, adj., not strong, infirm, impotent, weak, feeble (not in Cic. or Cæs.).

Lit.:

Camillus, jam ad munera corporis senectā invalidus,

Liv. 6, 8:

milites,

id. 23, 16:

paucos graves aetate aut invalidos inveniunt,

id. 10, 34 fin.:

ad ingrediendum,

Gell. 20, 1, 11:

corpus laborum impatiens invalidumque,

Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 4:

manus,

Luc. 5, 275:

quidquid tecum invalidum metuensque pericli est,

Verg. A. 5, 716:

pueri,

Val. Fl. 5, 24;

(with inermis),

Tac. A. 1, 46:

corpus,

Ov. H. 21, 297:

artus,

id. ib. 21, 245.— Comp.:

invalidiores Parthi,

Just. 41, 6, 3.— Sup.:

invalidissimum urso caput,

Plin. 8, 36, 54, § 130.—

Transf., weak, inefficient, inadequate, unsuitable:

stationes pro castris,

Liv. 41, 2:

invalida moenia adversum irrumpentes,

Tac. A. 12, 16:

invalidae ad hoc monstrum sugillandum litterae,

Val. Max. 5, 3, 4:

defensionis praesidia,

id. 8, 1, 3:

venenum,

Claud. Cons. Mall. Theod. 170:

causa,

Luc. 7, 67:

argumentum,

Dig. 48, 18, 1:

ignes,

low, Tac. A. 1, 65:

fama,

inadequate, depreciating, Amm. 16, 10, 17.— Adv.: invălĭdē, weakly, feebly, Arn. 7, 250.

ob-noxĭus, a, um, adj.

Lit.

Subject, liable to punishment, obnoxious to punishment, punishable: obnoxius poenae obligatus ob delictum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 191 Müll.:

ego tibi me obnoxium esse fateor culpae compotem,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 61; Dig. 48, 15, 1:

ego lege Aquiliā obnoxius sum,

ib. 11, 3, 14.—

Liable or addicted to a fault or failing, guilty of it (cf.: deditus, addictus); constr.

With dat.:

animus neque delicto neque lubidini obnoxius,

not addicted to vice or to sensual pleasures, Sall. C. 52, 21:

communi culpae,

Ov. A. A. 1, 395:

facto,

Tib. 3, 4, 15.—

With gen.:

obnoxios criminum, digno supplicio subjectos, sepulturae tradi non vetamus,

for, on account of, Cod. Just. 3, 44, 11.—

Transf., in gen.

Subject, submissive, obedient, complying:

dum illos obnoxios fidosque sibi faceret,

Sall. C. 14, 6:

obnoxium atque subjectum esse alicui,

Liv. 7, 30, 2; 6, 28, 7; 23, 12, 9; 37, 53, 4; 42, 46, 3; Flor. 4, 4, 2. —

Obliged, under obligation, beholden, indebted, responsible, answerable:

uxori obnoxius sum,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 22:

totam Graeciam beneficio libertatis obnoxiam Romanis esse,

Liv. 35, 31:

fratris radiis obnoxia Luna,

Verg. G. 1, 396:

facies nullis obnoxia gemmis,

not indebted to any jewels, Prop. 1, 2, 21:

tantum in eo obnoxius est, si quid ipse dolo fecerit,

Gai. Inst. 3, 207.—

Exposed to a person, humbled before one:

ne obnoxius filio sim et servo,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 80.—

Submissive, abject, servile, slavish, mean-spirited, timid, cowardly, etc.:

non quibus ego essem obnoxius,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 150:

summissaeque manus, faciesque obnoxia mansit,

Ov. M. 5, 235:

si aut superbus, aut obnoxius videar,

Liv. 23, 12:

pax,

servile, dishonorable, id. 9, 10.—

Subject, liable, exposed, obnoxious to any thing; with dat., ad, or in and acc.

With dat.:

infidis consiliis obnoxius,

Tac. H. 3, 55:

insidiis,

id. A. 14, 40:

infelici fecunditate fortunae,

exposed, id. ib. 2, 75:

aemulationi, odio, privatis affectionibus,

id. ib. 3, 58:

morbo,

Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 221:

contumeliis,

Suet. Tib. 63:

bello,

Ov. P. 1, 8, 73:

plerique Crasso ex negotiis privatis obnoxii,

Sall. C. 48, 5:

urbs artis itineribus (sc. incendiis),

Tac. A. 15, 38.—

With ad: terra solida ad tales casus obnoxia, exposed to such accidents (viz. earthquakes), Plin. 2, 82, 84, § 197.—

With in and acc.:

in omnia obnoxius,

exposed to every thing, Flor. 3, 20, 1. —

In gen., exposed or liable to injury, danger, or misfortune, weak, infirm, frail:

in hoc obnoxio domicilio animus liber habitat,

Sen. Ep. 65, 21:

supplex et obnoxius,

Cic. ad Brut. 1, 17, 6:

corpora,

sickly, weakly, Plin. 31, 6, 32, § 60:

flos,

which soon falls off, soon suffers injury, frail, delicate, id. 14, 2, 4, § 27.—

Obnoxium est, it is hazardous, dangerous, Tac. Or. 10.— Comp.:

obnoxior (al. noxior),

Sen. Clem. 1, 13.—Hence, adv.: obnoxĭē (only in Plaut. and Liv.).

Guiltily, culpably:

nihil obnoxie perire,

quite innocently, Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 41.—

Submissively, slavishly, timidly:

sententias dicere,

Liv. 3, 39, 1.