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  • 61 κατέναντι

    κατέναντι adv. (JWackernagel, Hellenistica 1907, 3–6; JWaldis, Präpositionsadverbien mit d. Bedeutung ‘vor’ in d. LXX 1922; B-D-F §214, 4; Rob. 643) gener. ‘opposite’.
    marker of a position relative to someone who is viewed as having jurisdiction, whether visibly present or not, in the sight of someone, before someone, funct. as prep. w. gen. (Sir 28:26; Jdth 12:15, 19) κ. θεοῦ ἐν Χριστῷ λαλοῦμεν before God (Sir 50:19; SibOr 3, 499) 2 Cor 2:17; 12:19 (both v.l. κατενώπιον). κ. οὗ ἐπίστευσεν θεοῦ (=κ. τοῦ θεοῦ ᾧ ἐπίστευσεν, W-S. §24, 4d; B-D-F §294, 2; Rob. 717) before the God in whom he believed Ro 4:17. GJs 1:2 v.l. (for κατενώπιον).
    marker of position over against someth., opposite
    funct. as adv. εἰς τ. κατέναντι κώμην into the village opposite (us) Lk 19:30 (cp. 2 Ch 4:10; Ezk 11:1; 40:10; AcPh 98: Aa II/2, 38, 23; s. also the formulation κατέναντι πρὸς ἀνατολάς eastward AcPlMart 5 [Aa I 115, 13; for which ἀπέν[αντι … ] AcPl Ha 10, 21, with cod. A of AcPlMart]).
    funct. as prep. w. gen. of place or position (Lucian, Fug. 1; IPriene 37, 170 [II B.C.] κ. τοῦ ὄρευς; UPZ 79, 11 [159 B.C.]; LXX; En 14:5; Test12Patr; JosAs 28:3, 5; ParJer 7:15; Just., D. 62, 5 [for ἐναντίον Josh 5:13]) of place (En 14:15) κ. τοῦ ἱεροῦ opposite the temple Mk 13:3. κ. τοῦ γαζοφυλακείου 12:41. κ. μου opposite or before me Hv 1, 2, 2 (Joly: κατενώπιον); cp. 3, 2, 4; 3, 9, 10. κ. αὐτῶν before them Mk 6:41 D (MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 116). εἰς τὴν κώμην τὴν κ. ὑμῶν into the village lying before you Mt 21:2; Mk 11:2. κ. τοῦ ὄχλου in the presence of the crowd Mt 27:24 v.l. (for ἀπέναντι).—DELG s.v. ἄντα, 2 ἀντί. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > κατέναντι

  • 62 רקק

    רָקַק, רוּק(b. h.) to spit. B. Kam.VIII, 6 ר׳ והגיע בו רוקו if a person spat (at his neighbor), and his spittle touched him. Snh.101a וברוֹקֵק בה … על הרקיקה that is when he spits at it (while reciting a Bible verse as a charm for a wound), for the name of God must not be pronounced in connection with spitting. Y.Ber.III, 6d bot. הרוקק … כרוקקוכ׳ he that spits in the synogogue is considered as if spitting at the pupil of his eye (euphem. for God). Yeb.105a שרָקְקָה דם who (in spitting before the yabam) spat blood; Y. ib. XII, end, 13a רַקָּה (or רָקָה, fr. רוּק). Ḥag.5a (ref. to Koh. 12:14) זה הרָק בפני חבירווכ׳ this refers to one who spits in his neighbors presence and becomes disgusting (v. מָאַס). Tosef.B. Kam. IX, 31, v. טוּש h.; a. fr. Pi. רִקֵּק same. Yalk. Is. 339 (ref. to Ps. 4:3) עד מתי … מְרַקְּקִין בווכ׳ how long will you put to shame the honor of the (ruined) Temple, spitting in it, committing nuisance in it ? Nif. נָרוֹק (cmp. רָקָק) to be miry. Mikv. VII, 1 חטיט הנ׳ soft, miry clay (in the bath reservoir); Zeb.22a Ms. M. (ed. הנדוק); Succ.19b (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 40).

    Jewish literature > רקק

  • 63 רוק

    רָקַק, רוּק(b. h.) to spit. B. Kam.VIII, 6 ר׳ והגיע בו רוקו if a person spat (at his neighbor), and his spittle touched him. Snh.101a וברוֹקֵק בה … על הרקיקה that is when he spits at it (while reciting a Bible verse as a charm for a wound), for the name of God must not be pronounced in connection with spitting. Y.Ber.III, 6d bot. הרוקק … כרוקקוכ׳ he that spits in the synogogue is considered as if spitting at the pupil of his eye (euphem. for God). Yeb.105a שרָקְקָה דם who (in spitting before the yabam) spat blood; Y. ib. XII, end, 13a רַקָּה (or רָקָה, fr. רוּק). Ḥag.5a (ref. to Koh. 12:14) זה הרָק בפני חבירווכ׳ this refers to one who spits in his neighbors presence and becomes disgusting (v. מָאַס). Tosef.B. Kam. IX, 31, v. טוּש h.; a. fr. Pi. רִקֵּק same. Yalk. Is. 339 (ref. to Ps. 4:3) עד מתי … מְרַקְּקִין בווכ׳ how long will you put to shame the honor of the (ruined) Temple, spitting in it, committing nuisance in it ? Nif. נָרוֹק (cmp. רָקָק) to be miry. Mikv. VII, 1 חטיט הנ׳ soft, miry clay (in the bath reservoir); Zeb.22a Ms. M. (ed. הנדוק); Succ.19b (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 40).

    Jewish literature > רוק

  • 64 רָקַק

    רָקַק, רוּק(b. h.) to spit. B. Kam.VIII, 6 ר׳ והגיע בו רוקו if a person spat (at his neighbor), and his spittle touched him. Snh.101a וברוֹקֵק בה … על הרקיקה that is when he spits at it (while reciting a Bible verse as a charm for a wound), for the name of God must not be pronounced in connection with spitting. Y.Ber.III, 6d bot. הרוקק … כרוקקוכ׳ he that spits in the synogogue is considered as if spitting at the pupil of his eye (euphem. for God). Yeb.105a שרָקְקָה דם who (in spitting before the yabam) spat blood; Y. ib. XII, end, 13a רַקָּה (or רָקָה, fr. רוּק). Ḥag.5a (ref. to Koh. 12:14) זה הרָק בפני חבירווכ׳ this refers to one who spits in his neighbors presence and becomes disgusting (v. מָאַס). Tosef.B. Kam. IX, 31, v. טוּש h.; a. fr. Pi. רִקֵּק same. Yalk. Is. 339 (ref. to Ps. 4:3) עד מתי … מְרַקְּקִין בווכ׳ how long will you put to shame the honor of the (ruined) Temple, spitting in it, committing nuisance in it ? Nif. נָרוֹק (cmp. רָקָק) to be miry. Mikv. VII, 1 חטיט הנ׳ soft, miry clay (in the bath reservoir); Zeb.22a Ms. M. (ed. הנדוק); Succ.19b (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 40).

    Jewish literature > רָקַק

  • 65 רוּק

    רָקַק, רוּק(b. h.) to spit. B. Kam.VIII, 6 ר׳ והגיע בו רוקו if a person spat (at his neighbor), and his spittle touched him. Snh.101a וברוֹקֵק בה … על הרקיקה that is when he spits at it (while reciting a Bible verse as a charm for a wound), for the name of God must not be pronounced in connection with spitting. Y.Ber.III, 6d bot. הרוקק … כרוקקוכ׳ he that spits in the synogogue is considered as if spitting at the pupil of his eye (euphem. for God). Yeb.105a שרָקְקָה דם who (in spitting before the yabam) spat blood; Y. ib. XII, end, 13a רַקָּה (or רָקָה, fr. רוּק). Ḥag.5a (ref. to Koh. 12:14) זה הרָק בפני חבירווכ׳ this refers to one who spits in his neighbors presence and becomes disgusting (v. מָאַס). Tosef.B. Kam. IX, 31, v. טוּש h.; a. fr. Pi. רִקֵּק same. Yalk. Is. 339 (ref. to Ps. 4:3) עד מתי … מְרַקְּקִין בווכ׳ how long will you put to shame the honor of the (ruined) Temple, spitting in it, committing nuisance in it ? Nif. נָרוֹק (cmp. רָקָק) to be miry. Mikv. VII, 1 חטיט הנ׳ soft, miry clay (in the bath reservoir); Zeb.22a Ms. M. (ed. הנדוק); Succ.19b (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 40).

    Jewish literature > רוּק

  • 66 świadek

    - ka; - kowie; instr sg - kiem; m
    witness (na ślubie: mężczyzna), ≈best man ( kobieta), ≈maid of honour (BRIT) lub honor (US)

    świadek oskarżenia/obrony — witness for the prosecution/defence (BRIT) lub defense (US)

    * * *
    mp
    - dk- pl. - owie
    1. prawn. witness; świadek oskarżenia/obrony witness for the prosecution/defense; powołać l. wezwać na świadka summon l. subpoena as a witness; powołać l. wezwać świadka call a witness; być świadkiem w sprawie ( jako świadek oskarżenia) be a witness for the prosecution; ( jako świadek obrony) be a witness for the defense.
    2. (= obserwator) witness; naoczny świadek eyewitness; Świadkowie Jehowy rel. Jehovah's Witnesses; być świadkiem czegoś witness sth; rozmawiać przy świadkach talk in the presence of witnesses; chcę porozmawiać z tobą bez świadków I want to talk to you in private; Bóg mi świadkiem I swear to God.

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > świadek

  • 67 उपस्थान


    upa-sthā́na
    n. the act of placing one's self near to, going near, approach, access (upa-sthā́naṉ-kṛi, to give access orᅠ scope for ṠBr. I);

    coming into the presence of, going near to (in order to worship), worshipping, waiting on, attendance ṠBr. KātyṠr. ĀṡvṠr. MBh. etc.;
    standing near, presence, proximity, nearness Yājñ. Hcat. ;
    staying upon orᅠ at, abiding, a place of abiding, abode Nir. ;
    assembly MBh. R. BhP. ;
    any object approached with respect, a sanctuary, abode (of a god) PārGṛ. ;
    a particular part of the Saṃdhyā MW.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > उपस्थान

  • 68 وجود

    وُجُود \ being: existence; life: What is the real nature of being?. existence: being; life: Do you believe in the existence of God? That country came into existence in 1927. It has been in existence since 1927. presence: being present: He was married in the presence of (in front of) all his family.

    Arabic-English dictionary > وجود

  • 69 being

    وُجُود \ being: existence; life: What is the real nature of being?. existence: being; life: Do you believe in the existence of God? That country came into existence in 1927. It has been in existence since 1927. presence: being present: He was married in the presence of (in front of) all his family.

    Arabic-English glossary > being

  • 70 existence

    وُجُود \ being: existence; life: What is the real nature of being?. existence: being; life: Do you believe in the existence of God? That country came into existence in 1927. It has been in existence since 1927. presence: being present: He was married in the presence of (in front of) all his family.

    Arabic-English glossary > existence

  • 71 πρεσβύτερος

    πρεσβύτερος, α, ον (Hom.+; comp. of πρέσβυς)
    pert. to being relatively advanced in age, older, old
    of an individual person older of two ὁ υἱὸς ὁ πρ. (cp. Aelian, VH 9, 42; TestJob 15:2 τῷ ἀδελφῷ τῷ πρεσβυτέρῳ; JosAs; Just., A II, 6, 1) Lk 15:25; of Manasseh (w. Ephraim) B 13:5. In contrast to the younger generation οἱ πρεσβύτεροι the older ones J 8:9. Opp. οἱ νεανίσκοι Ac 2:17 (Jo 3:1). Opp. νεώτεροι (s. νεός 3aβ) 1 Ti 5:1 (similar advice, containing a contrast betw. πρ. and νεώτ., from ins and lit. in MDibelius, Hdb. ad loc.); 1 Pt 5:5 (though here the πρεσβύτεροι are not only the older people, but at the same time, the ‘elders’; s. 2bβ). The same double mng. is found for πρεσβύτεροι in 1 Cl 1:3 beside νέοι, while in 3:3; 21:6, beside the same word, the concept of being old is the dominant one (as Jos., C. Ap. 2, 206). On the disputed pass. Hv 3, 1, 8 (οἱ νεανίσκοι … οἱ πρεσβύτεροι) cp. MDibelius, Hdb. ad loc.—Fem. πρεσβυτέρα old(er) woman (opp. νεωτέρα, as Gen 19:31) 1 Ti 5:2.—With no ref. to younger persons, w. complete disappearance of the comparative aspect: πρεσβύτερος an old man (Jos., Ant. 13, 226; 292 [as a witness of events in the past, as Ps.-Pla., Virt. 3, 377b; 4, 377c]) Hv 3, 12, 2; cp. 3, 11, 3. The personified church is called λίαν πρεσβυτέρα very old 3, 10, 3; cp. 3, 11, 2. She appears as ἡ πρ. the elderly woman 2, 1, 3; 3, 1, 2; 3, 10, 6; 9 and has τὰς τρίχας πρεσβυτέρας the hair of an old woman 3, 10, 4; 5; 3, 12, 1.
    of a period of time (Petosiris, Fgm. 3 and 4 mention οἱ πρεσβύτεροι and οἱ νεώτεροι. In both instances the context shows that the reference is to astrologers from earlier and more recent times) οἱ πρεσβύτεροι the men of old, our ancestors Hb 11:2. ἡ παράδοσις τῶν πρεσβυτέρων the tradition of the ancients (cp. Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 35, 253 τῶν π. συγγράμματα) Mt 15:2; Mk 7:3, 5 (ELohse, D. Ordination im Spätjudentum u. NT, ’51, 50–56: scholars).
    an official (cp. Lat. senator), elder, presbyter
    among the Jews (the congregation of a synagogue in Jerusalem used πρεσβύτεροι to denote its officers before 70 A.D.: SEG VIII, 170, 9; cp. Dssm., LO 378–80 [LAE 439–41]).
    α. for members of local councils in individual cities (cp. Josh 20:4; Ruth 4:2; 2 Esdr 10:14; Jdth 8:10; 10:6) Lk 7:3; 1 Cl 55:4.—Schürer II, 185.
    β. for members of a group in the Sanhedrin (Schürer II, 206–8; JJeremias, Jerusalem z. Zt. Jesu II B 1: Die gesellschaftl. Oberschicht 1929, 88ff). They are mentioned together w. (the) other groups: ἀρχιερεῖς (Ac 4:5 has ἄρχοντες for this), γραμματεῖς, πρεσβύτεροι (the order is not always the same) Mt 16:21; 26:3 v.l.; 27:41; Mk 8:31; 11:27; 14:43, 53; 15:1; Lk 9:22; 20:1.—Only ἀρχιερεῖς (Ac 4:8 has for this ἄρχοντες τοῦ λαοῦ) and πρεσβύτεροι (τοῦ λαοῦ: cp. Ex 19:7; Num 11:16b, 24; 1 Macc 7:33; 12:35; Just., D. 40, 4 al.) Mt 21:23; 26:3, 47, 59 v.l.; 27:1, 3, 12, 20; 28:(11), 12; Lk 22:52 (here, as an exception, οἱ στρατηγοὶ τοῦ ἱεροῦ); Ac 4:23; 23:14; 25:15; cp. 24:1. Also οἱ πρεσβύτεροι καὶ οἱ ἱερεῖς GPt 7:25 (for this combination cp. Jos., Ant. 11, 83; 12, 406).—Only πρεσβύτεροι and γραμματεῖς Mt 26:57; Ac 6:12.—The use of πρεσβύτερος as a title among the Jews of the Diaspora appears quite late, except for the allusions in the LXX (cp. Schürer III/1, 102; MAMA III [Cilicia], 344; 448 [cp. ZNW 31, ’32, 313f]. Whether πρεσβύτερος is to be understood in the older Roman inscriptions [CIJ 378] as a title [so CIJ p. lxxxvi], remains doubtful).
    among the Christians (for their use of the word as a title one must bear in mind not only the Jewish custom, but also its use as a t.t. among the ἔθνη, in connection w. associations of the ‘old ones’ [FPoland, Geschichte des griech. Vereinswesens 1909, 98ff] and to designate civic as well as religious officials [Dssm., B 153ff=BS 154–57, NB 60ff=BS 233–35, also LO 315, 5; HHausschildt, ZNW 4, 1903, 235ff; MStrack, ibid. 213ff; HLietzmann, ZWT 55, 1914, 116–32 [=Kl. Schr. I ’58, 156–69]; MDibelius, exc. on 1 Ti 5:17ff; RAlastair-Campbell, The Elders, Seniority within Earliest Christianity ’94.].—BGU 16, 6 [159 A.D.] πρεσβύτεροι ἱερεῖς θεοῦ Σοκνοπαίου; 347, 6; PVindBosw 1, 31 [87 A.D.].—As honorary title: Iren. 4, 26, 5 [Harv. II 238, 3]. The Engl. word ‘priest’ comes fr. πρεσβύτερος via Lat. presbyter; later Christian usage is largely, if not entirely, responsible for this development; s. OED s.v. ‘priest’ B).
    α. Ac 11:30; 14:23; 15:2, 4, 6, 22f; 16:4 (in all the places in Ac 15 and 16 mention is made of οἱ ἀπόστολοι καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι in the Jerusalem church); 20:17; 21:18; 1 Ti 5:17, 19 (Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 103a Jac. νεωτέρῳ πρεσβυτέρου καταμαρτυρεῖν οὐκ ἔξεστι); Tit 1:5; Js 5:14; 1 Pt 5:1, 5 (s. 1a above); 1 Cl 44:5; 47:6; 54:2; 57:1. WWrede, Untersuchungen zum 1 Cl 1891, 8ff.—Acc. to 2 Cl 17:3, 5 exhortation and preaching in the church services were among their duties.—In Ign. the πρεσβύτεροι come after the bishop, to whom they are subordinate IMg 2; 3:1; 6:1, or betw. the bishop and the deacons IPhld inscr.; 10:2; IPol 6:1, or the higher rank of the bishop in comparison to them is made plain in some other way ITr 3:1; 12:2 (s. πρεσβυτέριον b; cp. Hippol., Ref. 9, 12, 22).—Polycarp—an ἐπίσκοπος, accord. to the title of the Ep. bearing his name—groups himself w. πρεσβύτεροι in Pol inscr., and further takes the presence of presbyters in Philippi for granted (beside deacons, though no ἐπίσκοπος is mentioned; cp. Hdb. on Pol inscr.) Pol 5:3.
    β. Just how we are to understand the words ὁ πρεσβύτερος, applied to himself by the author of the two smallest Johannine letters 2J 1; 3J 1, remains in doubt. But in any case it is meant to indicate a position of great dignity the elder.—HWindisch, exc. on 3J, end; ESchwartz, Über den Tod der Söhne Zebedaei 1904, 47; 51; HWendt, ZNW 23, 1924, 19; EKäsemann, ZTK 48, ’51, 292–311; DWatson, NTS 35, ’89, 104–30, rhetorical analysis of 2J.—ὁ πρ. and οἱ πρ. are mentioned by Papias in these much-discussed passages: 2:3, 4, 5, 7, 14, 15. For some of the lit. s. the note on JKleist’s transl. ’48, p. 207 n. 18.
    γ. In Rv there are 24 elders sitting on thrones about the throne of God; they form a heavenly council of elders (cp. Is 24:23) 4:4, 10; 5:5–14; 7:11, 13; 11:16; 14:3; 19:4. The elders have been understood as glorified human beings of some kind or astral deities (or angels) (for the var. views s. RCharles, ICC Rv I 128–33; JMichl, D. 24 Ältesten in d. Apk. d. hl. J. ’38); the number 24 has been referred to the following: the 24 priestly classes of the Jews (1 Ch 24:7–18; Jos., Ant. 7, 365–67) whose heads were called ‘elders’ (Yoma 1, 5; Tamid 1, 1; Middoth 1, 8); the 24 stars which, according to Babylonian belief, stood half on the north and half on the south of the zodiac (Diod S 2, 31, 4; POsl 4, 19: HGunkel, Z. religionsgesch. Verständnis des NT 1903, 42f; Boll 35f); the 24 hours of the day, represented as old men w. shining garments and w. crowns (acc. to the Test. of Adam [ed. CBezold, TNöldeke Festschr. 1906, 893–912]: JWellhausen, Analyse der Offb. Joh. 1907, p. 9, 1; NMorosof, Offb. Joh. 1912, 32); the 24 Yazatas in the state of the gods in heaven, acc. to Persian thought (Bousset). It is certainly an open question whether, or how far, the writer of Rv had any of these things in mind.—On the presbyters, and esp. on the question how ἐπίσκοπος and πρεσβύτερος were originally related to each other (a question which is raised particularly in the pastorals; cp. MDibelius, Hdb. exc. after 1 Ti 3:7 section 2 [w. lit.] and before 5:17), s. the lit. s.v. ἐπίσκοπος.—BEaston, Pastoral Epistles ’47, 188–97; WMichaelis, Das Ältestenamt ’53; GBornkamm, πρεσβύτερος; RCampbell, The Elders ’94.—B. 1472. DELG s.v. πρέσβυς. M-M. EDNT. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πρεσβύτερος

  • 72 παρρησία

    παρρησία, ας, ἡ (πᾶς, ῥῆσις; Eur., Pla.+; Stob., Flor. III 13 p. 453 H. [a collection of sayings περὶ παρρησίας]; ins, pap, LXX; TestReub 4:2; JosAs 23:10 cod. A [Bat. p. 75, 2] and Pal. 364; EpArist, Philo, Joseph.; Ath. 11, 2; loanw. in rabb.—On the spelling s. B-D-F §11, 1; Mlt-H. 101; s. also Schwyzer I 469).
    a use of speech that conceals nothing and passes over nothing, outspokenness, frankness, plainness (Demosth. 6, 31 τἀληθῆ μετὰ παρρησίας ἐρῶ πρὸς ὑμᾶς καὶ οὐκ ἀποκρύψομαι; Diod S 4, 74, 2; 12, 63, 2; Pr 1:20; a slave does not have such a privilege: Eur., Phoen. 390–92) παρρησίᾳ plainly, openly (EpArist 125) Mk 8:32; J 7:13; 10:24; 11:14; 16:25 (opp. ἐν παροιμίαις.—On the subject matter cp. Artem. 4, 71 οἱ θεοὶ πάντως μὲν ἀληθῆ λέγουσιν, ἀλλὰ ποτὲ μὲν ἁπλῶς λέγουσι, ποτὲ δὲ αἰνίσσονται=the gods always speak the truth, but sometimes directly, sometimes indirectly), 29 v.l. (opp. παροιμία); Dg 11:2. Also ἐν παρρησίᾳ J 16:29. μετὰ παρρησίας (s. Demosth. above; Ael. Aristid. 30 p. 571 D.; Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, §15 λέγω μετὰ π.; 3 Macc 4:1; 7:12; JosAs 23:10 [s. above]; Philo; Jos., Ant 6, 256) plainly, confidently Ac 2:29; μετὰ παρρησίας ἄκουε MPol 10:1. This is also the place for πολλῇ παρρησίᾳ χρώμεθα (opp. Moses’ veiling of his face) 2 Cor 3:12 (παρρησίᾳ χράομαι as Appian, Maced. 11 §3; Cass. Dio 62, 13; Philo, De Jos. 107; Jos., Ant. 2, 116).—RPope, ET 21, 1910, 236–38; HWindisch, exc. on 2 Cor 3:12.
    ‘Openness’ somet. develops into openness to the public, before whom speaking and actions take place (Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 321 τοῖς τὰ κοινωφελῆ δρῶσιν ἔστω παρρησία) παρρησίᾳ in public, publicly J 7:26; 11:54; 18:20. δειγματίζειν ἐν παρρησίᾳ make a public example of Col 2:15. ἐν παρρησίᾳ εἶναι to be known publicly J 7:4 (opp. ἐν κρυπτῷ). This is prob. also the place for παρρησίᾳ Ac 14:19 v.l. and μετὰ πάσης παρρησίας ἀκωλύτως quite openly and unhindered 28:31. Also ἐν πάσῃ παρρησίᾳ Phil 1:20. This is prob. the place also for 2 Cor 7:4 (but sense 3 is preferred by some): I am speaking to you with great frankness (REB; i.e. without weighing every word).
    a state of boldness and confidence, courage, confidence, boldness, fearlessness, esp. in the presence of persons of high rank.
    in association with humans (Socrat., Ep. 1, 12; Cass. Dio 62, 13; EpArist 125 παρρησίᾳ; Philo, De Jos. 107; 222, Rer. Div. Her. 5f; Jos., Ant. 9, 226; 15, 37; TestReub 4:2f. Cp. also OGI 323, 10; POxy 1100, 15; PGM 12, 187; OEger, Rechtsgeschichtliches zum NT: Rektoratsprogr. Basel 1919, 41f) Ac 4:13. Some would put πολλή μοι παρρησία πρὸς ὑμᾶς (sc. ἐστίν and cp. Diod S 14, 65, 4 πρὸς τύραννον π.) 2 Cor 7:4 here, but the context appears to favor 2 above. πολλὴν παρρησίαν ἔχων ἐπιτάσσειν σοι Phlm 8 (π. ἔχω as Dio Chrys. 26 [43], 7). ἐν παρρησίᾳ fearlessly Eph 6:19 (DSmolders, L’audace de l’apôtre: Collectanea Mechlinensia 43, ’58, 16–30; 117–33; RWild, CBQ 46, ’84, 284–98; the verb w. ἅλυσις vs. 20, cp. Paul’s situation Ac 28:30f). μετὰ παρρησίας (Aristoxenus, Fgm. 32; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 42 §178; Jos., Ant. 6, 256; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 1, 11; 5, 18; μετὰ π. καὶ οὐ κρύβδην Orig., C. Cels. 3, 57, 20) Ac 2:29 (cp. Chion 16, 7 H. ἀνέξῃ γὰρ μετὰ παρρησίας μοῦ λέγοντος); 4:31; 1 Cl 34:1. μετὰ παρρησίας πάσης (Jos., Ant. 16, 379) Ac 4:29; 6:10 D; 16:4 D.
    in relation to God (Job 27:10; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 5–7; Jos., Ant. 5, 38) w. προσαγωγή Eph 3:12. Here joyousness, confidence is the result or the accompaniment of faith, as 1 Ti 3:13; Hb 10:35. W. καύχημα 3:6; 1 Cl 34:5. παρρησίαν ἔχειν πρὸς τὸν θεόν (Jos., Ant. 2, 52) 1J 3:21; cp. 5:14. μετὰ παρρησίας with joyful heart Hb 4:16; 2 Cl 15:3. ἀλήθεια ἐν παρρησίᾳ 1 Cl 35:2. ἔχοντες παρρησίαν εἰς τὴν εἴσοδον τῶν ἁγίων since we have confidence to enter the sanctuary Hb 10:19.—W. expressly forensic and eschatological coloring (as Wsd 5:1) παρρησίαν ἔχειν 1J 2:28 (opp. αἰσχύνεσθαι); 4:17.—EPeterson, Z. Bedeutungsgesch. v. π.: RSeeberg Festschr. I 1929, 283–97; WvUnnik, The Christian’s Freedom of Speech: BJRL ’62, 466–88; HCombrink, Parresia in Handelinge: GereformTT ’75, 56–63; WBeilner, ΠΑΡΡΗΣΙΑ ’79 (lit.); SMarrow, CBQ 44, ’82, 431–46; PMiguel, Parrhēsia: Dictionnaire de spiritualité 12, ’83, 260–67; also articles by DFredrickson, SWinter, AMitchell, WKlassen, in Friendship, Flattery, and Frankness of Speech ’96, 163–254; RAC VII 839–77.—DELG s.v. 2 εἴρω. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > παρρησία

  • 73 προσφορά

    προσφορά, ᾶς, ἡ (προσφέρω; Soph.+; pap, LXX; TestLevi 3:6; 14:5; EpArist 170; Joseph., Just.; Hippol., Ref. 6, 16, 2)
    the act of bringing as a voluntary expression (‘presenting, offering’: Pla., Aristot., Polyb.; Did., Gen. 125, 8), in our lit. in the literal as well as fig. sense of sacrificing, offering (Sir 46:16 προσφορὰ ἀρνός) foll. by the obj. gen. διὰ τῆς προσφορᾶς τοῦ σώματος Ἰησοῦ through the offering of Jesus’ body in sacrifice Hb 10:10. Cp. vss. 14, 18 (s. Windisch, Hdb., exc. on Hb 10:18). προσφορὰς ποιεῖν have sacrifices made Ac 24:17; 1 Cl 40:4 (Just., D. 29, 8; 67, 8). W. λειτουργίαι vs. 2. ἀνθρωποποίητος πρ. an offering made by man B 2:6 (mng. 2 is also prob.). προσφορᾶς γενομένης ὑπὸ τοῦ Παύλου when a sacrifice had been made by Paul AcPl Ha 6, 37.
    that which is brought as a voluntary expression (‘present, gift’: Theophr., Char. 30, 19) in our lit. in fig. and literal use offering (Sir 14:11; 34:18, 19 al.; TestLevi 14:5) w. ὁλοκαύτωμα MPol 14:1. W. θυσία Eph 5:2; Hb 10:5 (Ps 39:7). W. θυσίαι, ὁλοκαυτώματα κτλ. (s. Da 3:38; Jos., Ant. 11, 77) vs. 8 (Ps 39:7); B 2:4; ἀνθρωποποίητος προσφορά a sacrifice made by a human being vs. 6 (mng. 1 is also prob.; s. above). προσηνέχθη ἡ προσφορά Ac 21:26 (προσφέρω 2a). Jesus is called ὁ ἀρχιερεὺς τῶν προσφορῶν ἡμῶν the High Priest of our offerings in that he brings the prayers of the Christians into God’s presence 1 Cl 36:1. ἡ προσφορὰ τῶν ἐθνῶν the offering that consists of the gentiles (i.e. those from ‘the nations’ who have become Christian) Ro 15:16. For the interpretation of ἐθνῶν as subjective, the offering that the Gentiles make s. A-MDenis, RSPT 42, ’58, 405f.—DELG s.v. φέρω D. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > προσφορά

  • 74 צלם

    צֶלֶםm. (b. h.; denom. of צֵל; v. Del. Proleg., p. 141 note) shadow, picture, image. Gen. R. s. 8 העליונים נבראו בצ׳ ובדמותוכ׳ the celestials are created in the (divine) image and likeness ; הריני בורא אותו בצ׳ ובדמותוכ׳ I will create him (man) in an image and likeness that he may partake of the nature of the celestials Ib. (ref. to Gen. 1:26; 28) את שהוא בצַלְמֵינוּ כדמותינו ורדווכ׳ of him who is in our image and likeness (who imitates the Creator) it is said, urdu (rule); of him who is not, it is said yerʾdu (they shall go down); Yalk. ib. 14. Ab. III, 14 שנברא בצ׳ that he was created in the image (of God). Tanḥ. Mishp. 19 תנו כבוד לצַלְמוֹוכ׳ pay honor to the image of the ‘Lord! Gen. R. s. 89 (Daniel divined) חלמא … חלום הצ׳ וחלום האילן the dream and its interpretation, the dream of the shadow (imagination) and the dream of the tree (reality). Midr. Till, to Ps. 25:8 על כל … צ׳ והיתה וכ׳ every mile was a station, and at every station was a figure with a curved hand which pointed towards the places of refuge ; a. fr.Esp. idol. Ex. R. s. 24 צלמו של מיכה; Esth. R. to III, 7, v. מִיכָה I. Taan.IV, 6 (26b) והועמד צ׳ בהיכל Ms. M. (ed. והעמיד) and an idol was placed in the temple. Ruth R. to II, 14 אדם שהעמיד צ׳וכ׳ wilt thou receive in repentance the man (Manasseh) that put an idol in the Temple? Lam. R. to I, 9 צ׳ חלול a hollow idol. Ib. introd. (R. Josh. 1), v. לוֹכְסָן; a. fr.Pl. צְלָמִים, צְלָמִין. Meg.15b כיון שהגיעה לבית הצ׳וכ׳ when she (Esther) reached the room of the idols (in the palace), the Divine Presence left her; a. e.Kil. IV, 9, v. צַלְמוֹן.

    Jewish literature > צלם

  • 75 צֶלֶם

    צֶלֶםm. (b. h.; denom. of צֵל; v. Del. Proleg., p. 141 note) shadow, picture, image. Gen. R. s. 8 העליונים נבראו בצ׳ ובדמותוכ׳ the celestials are created in the (divine) image and likeness ; הריני בורא אותו בצ׳ ובדמותוכ׳ I will create him (man) in an image and likeness that he may partake of the nature of the celestials Ib. (ref. to Gen. 1:26; 28) את שהוא בצַלְמֵינוּ כדמותינו ורדווכ׳ of him who is in our image and likeness (who imitates the Creator) it is said, urdu (rule); of him who is not, it is said yerʾdu (they shall go down); Yalk. ib. 14. Ab. III, 14 שנברא בצ׳ that he was created in the image (of God). Tanḥ. Mishp. 19 תנו כבוד לצַלְמוֹוכ׳ pay honor to the image of the ‘Lord! Gen. R. s. 89 (Daniel divined) חלמא … חלום הצ׳ וחלום האילן the dream and its interpretation, the dream of the shadow (imagination) and the dream of the tree (reality). Midr. Till, to Ps. 25:8 על כל … צ׳ והיתה וכ׳ every mile was a station, and at every station was a figure with a curved hand which pointed towards the places of refuge ; a. fr.Esp. idol. Ex. R. s. 24 צלמו של מיכה; Esth. R. to III, 7, v. מִיכָה I. Taan.IV, 6 (26b) והועמד צ׳ בהיכל Ms. M. (ed. והעמיד) and an idol was placed in the temple. Ruth R. to II, 14 אדם שהעמיד צ׳וכ׳ wilt thou receive in repentance the man (Manasseh) that put an idol in the Temple? Lam. R. to I, 9 צ׳ חלול a hollow idol. Ib. introd. (R. Josh. 1), v. לוֹכְסָן; a. fr.Pl. צְלָמִים, צְלָמִין. Meg.15b כיון שהגיעה לבית הצ׳וכ׳ when she (Esther) reached the room of the idols (in the palace), the Divine Presence left her; a. e.Kil. IV, 9, v. צַלְמוֹן.

    Jewish literature > צֶלֶם

  • 76 geest

    [datgene in de mens wat denkt, voelt en wil] mind consciousness
    [ziel] soul
    [verstand; zetel van de gedachte] mind
    [aard, karakter] spirit character
    [God] ghost, spirit
    [bezieling, stemming] spirit atmosphere van een plaats
    [strekking] spirit vein, intention
    [schim, verschijning] ghost spirit
    voorbeelden:
    2   schertsendzijn auto gaf de geest his car gave up the ghost
    3   de tegenwoordigheid van geest hebben om have the presence of mind to
         een scherpe geest a vigorous/sharp mind
         daar speelt mij iets door/voor de geest I have something in mind
         voor de geest staan be in one's mind bijvoorbeeld herinnering
         iets voor de geest halen/roepen call something to mind
         voedsel voor/van de geest food for thought
    4   jong van geest zijn be young in spirit/at heart
         spreekwoord de geest is gewillig, maar het vlees is zwak the spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak
    5   de Heilige Geest the Holy Ghost/Spirit
         de geest krijgen be moved by the spirit; figuurlijk get inspiration
    6   er heerst een goede geest in het team there's a great spirit in the team
    7   naar letter en geest in letter and spirit
         dit stuk is in de geest van Vondel geschreven this play is written in a Vondelian vein
    8   een boze/kwade geest an evil spirit, a demon
         aan geesten geloven believe in ghosts/spirits
    ¶   zij zei iets in de geest van: … she said something to the effect that …

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > geest

  • 77 סתר

    סֵתֶרm. (b. h.; סָתַר I) secrecy. Sot.I, 2 (2a) נכנסה עמו לבית הס׳ (not בס׳) if she went with him to a closeted place, v. סְתִירָה. Gen. R. s. 45 סִיתְרָהּ, v. גָּלוּי.בַּסֵּ׳ in secret. B. Bath.9b גדול העושה צדקה בס׳וכ׳ he that dispenses charity in secret, is greater than Moses. Ḥag.16a העובר עבירה בס׳וכ׳ he who selects a secret place for committing a sin, is considered as though he pushed away the feet of the Divine Presence (denying the omniscience of God). Ab. IV, 4; a. fr.Pl. סְתָרִים, constr. סִתְרֵי, סִי׳. Mikv. IX, 3; Lev. R. s. 15, a. fr. בית הס׳ covered parts of the body, posteriors Meg.3a מי הוא זה שגילה סְתָרַייוכ׳ who is he that revealed my secrets to men? Ib. אני … סְתָרֶיךָ I did reveal thy secrets. Ḥag.11b סתרי עריות the secrets of the laws of incest, i. e. the laws not explicitly stated (cmp. סְתָם). Y.Keth.V, 29d bot. סיתרי תורה the secrets of the Law, i. e. logical deductions; a. fr.

    Jewish literature > סתר

  • 78 סֵתֶר

    סֵתֶרm. (b. h.; סָתַר I) secrecy. Sot.I, 2 (2a) נכנסה עמו לבית הס׳ (not בס׳) if she went with him to a closeted place, v. סְתִירָה. Gen. R. s. 45 סִיתְרָהּ, v. גָּלוּי.בַּסֵּ׳ in secret. B. Bath.9b גדול העושה צדקה בס׳וכ׳ he that dispenses charity in secret, is greater than Moses. Ḥag.16a העובר עבירה בס׳וכ׳ he who selects a secret place for committing a sin, is considered as though he pushed away the feet of the Divine Presence (denying the omniscience of God). Ab. IV, 4; a. fr.Pl. סְתָרִים, constr. סִתְרֵי, סִי׳. Mikv. IX, 3; Lev. R. s. 15, a. fr. בית הס׳ covered parts of the body, posteriors Meg.3a מי הוא זה שגילה סְתָרַייוכ׳ who is he that revealed my secrets to men? Ib. אני … סְתָרֶיךָ I did reveal thy secrets. Ḥag.11b סתרי עריות the secrets of the laws of incest, i. e. the laws not explicitly stated (cmp. סְתָם). Y.Keth.V, 29d bot. סיתרי תורה the secrets of the Law, i. e. logical deductions; a. fr.

    Jewish literature > סֵתֶר

  • 79 अन्ति _anti

    अन्ति ind. [अन्त-इ] Ved.
    1 Near, before, in the presence of; न ही नु वो मरुतो अन्त्यस्मे Rv.1.167.9; 1.79. 11.
    -2 (Prep.) To, in the vicinity of (with gen.); मुग्धप्रभीतवदुपेयतुरन्ति मात्रोः Bhāg.1.8.22.
    -तिः f. An elder sister (in dramas).
    -Comp. -ऊति a. ready with help. (
    -तिः f.) protection of what is near (आसन्नरक्षण); अर्चामि सुम्नयन्नहमन्त्यूतिं मयाभुवम् Rv.1.138.1.
    -गृहम् a house near one's own dwelling, the neighbourhood of the house.
    -देव a. being near the god; an adversary (at dice); पाथो हि ष्मा वृषणा अन्तिदवम् Rv.1.18.7.
    -मित्र, -वाम, -षुम्ण a. near or at hand with help, wealth, or kindness; अन्तिवामा दूरे Rv.7.77.4 (निकटस्थधना).

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > अन्ति _anti

  • 80 ἴχνος

    A track, footstep, Od.17.317, Hes.Op. 680, Hdt.4.82; of the spoor of game, X.Cyn.6.15, etc.: metaph., track, trace,

    κατ' ἴχνος πλατᾶν ἄφαντον A.Ag. 695

    (lyr.); ἐς ταὐτὸν ἐλθὼν.. λόγων ἴ. Id.Pr. 845;

    ἴ. κακῶν ῥινηλατούσῃ Id.Ag. 1184

    ;

    ἴ. παλαιᾶς δυστέκμαρτον αἰτίας S. OT 109

    ;

    ἴ. τειχέων E.Hel. 108

    ;

    ἴχνη τῶν πληγῶν Pl.Grg. 524c

    ;

    τὰ τῶν κονδύλων ἴ. Aeschin.3.212

    : with neg., not a trace,

    μαζῶν οὐδὲ ἴχνη Aret.SD1.8

    ; ἴ. ποδὸς θεῖναι, Lat. vestigia ponere, E.IT 752, cf. Or. 234;

    θέσθαι AP7.464

    (Antip.); λεπτὸν ἴ. ἀρβύλης τίθετε step softly, E.Or. 140 (lyr.);

    ἴ. ἐπαντέλλειν ποδός Id.Ph. 105

    (lyr.);

    ἴ. ἐρείδειν AP5.300

    (Paul. Sil.); ἐν ἴχνεσί τινος πόδα νέμειν (metaph.) Pi.N.6.15;

    ἰχνῶν τινος ἔχεσθαι Lib.Or.64.4

    ;

    τοῖς στοιχοῦσι τοῖς ἴχνεσι τῆς πίστεως Ep.Rom.4.12

    ; κατ' ἴχνος ᾄσσειν, κατ' ἴχνη διώκειν, S.Aj.32, Pl.R. 410b, cf. E.Hec. 1059 (lyr.);

    εἰς ἴχνος τινὸς ἰέναι Pl.Ep. 330e

    ; ἴ. μετιέναι, μετελθεῖν, Id.Phdr. 276d, Tht. 187e; ἴχνους προσάπτεσθαι hit upon a trail, Id.Plt. 290d;

    τοῖς ἀρχαίοις ἴ. ἐς τὰ θεμέλια χρωμένους Jul.Or.2.66b

    ;

    ἴχνη ὑποψίας εἴς τινα φέρει Antipho 2.3.10

    ;

    μήτ' ἴ. μήτ' αἴθυγμα.. παραδιδόντων Phld.Sign.29

    , cf. Rh.1.91 S.
    2 poet., foot, E.Ba. 1134, Herod.7.20.
    3 hard sole of the foot, LXX De.11.24,al., Gal.10.876, Orib.47.9.7; sole of a shoe, Hp.Art.62,Arr.Ind.16.5; sandal, POxy.1449.51 (pl., iii A.D.).
    4 τὰ ἴ. τῶν χειρῶν the palms of the hands, LXX 1 Ki.5.4.
    5 ἴ. ἀνθρώπινον, as a measure of length, Ruf.Anat.31.
    6 track, route in the desert, PRyl.197.8 (ii A.D.).
    7 pl., representations of footprints as votive offerings indicating the presence of a God,

    ἀνέθηκαν.. κατὰ τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ ἐνέργιαν ἴχνη αὐτοῦ χρύσεα τέσσερα BCH51.106

    ([place name] Panamara), etc.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἴχνος

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