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  • 121 Á

    * * *
    a negative suffix to verbs, not;
    era útmakligt, at it is not unmeet that.
    * * *
    1.
    á, prep., often used elliptically, or even adverbially, [Goth. ana; Engl. on; Germ. an. In the Scandinavian idioms the liquid n is absorbed. In English the same has been supposed to happen in adverbial phrases, e. g. ‘along, away, abroad, afoot, again, agate, ahead, aloft, alone, askew, aside, astray, awry,’ etc. It is indeed true that the Ormulum in its northern dialect freq. uses o, even in common phrases, such as ‘o boke, o land, o life, o slæpe, o strande, o write, o naht, o loft,’ etc., v. the glossary; and we may compare on foot and afoot, on sleep (Engl. Vers. of Bible) and asleep; A. S. a-butan and on-butan (about); agen and ongean (again, against); on bæc, aback; on life, alive; on middan, amid. But it is more than likely that in the expressions quoted above, as well as in numberless others, as well in old as in modern English, the English a- as well as the o- of the Ormulum and the modern Scottish and north of England o- are in reality remains of this very á pronounced au or ow, which was brought by the Scandinavian settlers into the north of England. In the struggle for supremacy between the English dialects after the Conquest, the Scandinavian form á or a won the day in many cases to the exclusion of the Anglo-Saxon on. Some of these adverbs have representatives only in the Scandinavian tongues, not in Anglo-Saxon; see below, with dat. B. II, C. VII; with acc. C. I. and VI. The prep. á denotes the surface or outside; í and ór the inside; at, til, and frá, nearness measured to or from an object: á thus answers to the Gr. επί; the Lat. in includes á and i together.]
    With dat. and acc.: in the first case with the notion of remaining on a place, answering to Lat. in with abl.; in the last with the notion of motion to the place, = Lat. in with acc.
    WITH DAT.
    A. Loc.
    I. generally on, upon; á gólfi, on the floor, Nj. 2; á hendi, on the hand (of a ring), 48, 225; á palli, 50; á steini, 108; á vegg, 115; á sjá ok á landi, on sea and land. In some instances the distinction between d and i is loose and wavering, but in most cases common sense and usage decide; thus ‘á bók’ merely denotes the letters, the penmanship, ‘í’ the contents of a book; mod. usage, however, prefers ‘í,’ lesa í bók, but stafr á bók. Old writers on the other hand; á bókum Enskum, in English books, Landn. 24, but í Aldafars bók, 23 (in the book De Mensurâ Temporum, by Bede), cp. Grág. i. 76, where á is a false reading instead of at; á bréfi, the contents of a letter: of clothing or arms, mítr á höfði, sverð á hlið, mitre on head, sword on side, Fms. i. 266, viii. 404; hafa lykil á sér, on one’s person, 655 xxvii. 22; möttull á tyglum, a mantle hanging on (i. e. fastened by) laces, Fms. vii. 201: á þingi means to be present at a meeting; í þingi, to abide within a jurisdiction; á himni, á jörðu, on (Engl. in) heaven and earth, e. g. in the Lord’s Prayer, but í helviti, in hell; á Gimli, Edda (of a heavenly abode); á báti, á skipi denote crew and cargo, ‘í’ the timber or materials of which a ship is built, Eg. 385; vera í stafni á skipi, 177: á skógi, to be abroad in a wood (of a hunter, robber, deer); but to be situated (a house), at work (to fell timber), í skógi, 573, Fs. 5, Fms. iii. 122, viii. 31, xi. 1, Glúm. 330, Landn. 173; á mörkinni, Fms. i. 8, but í mörk, of a farm; á firðinum means lying in a firth, of ships or islands (on the surface of the water), þær eyjar liggja á Breiðafirði, Ld. 36; but í firði, living in a district named Firth; á landi, Nj. 98, Fms. xi. 386.
    II. á is commonly used in connection with the pr. names or countries terminating in ‘land,’ Engl. in, á Englandi, Írlandi, Skotlandi, Bretlandi, Saxlandi, Vindlandi, Vínlandi, Grænalandi, Íslandi, Hálogalandi, Rogalandi, Jótlandi, Frakklandi, Hjaltlandi, Jamtalandi, Hvítramannalandi, Norðrlöndum, etc., vide Landn. and the index to Fms. xii. In old writers í is here very rare, in modern authors more frequent; taste and the context in many instances decide. An Icelander would now say, speaking of the queen or king, ‘á Englandi,’ ruling over, but to live ‘í Englandi,’ or ‘á Englandi;’ the rule in the last case not being quite fixed.
    2. in connection with other names of countries: á Mæri, Vörs, Ögðum, Fjölum, all districts of Norway, v. Landn.; á Mýrum (in Icel.), á Finnmörk, Landn., á Fjóni (a Danish island); but í Danmörk, Svíþjóð (á Svíþjóðu is poët., Gs. 13).
    3. before Icel. farms denoting open and elevated slopes and spaces (not too high, because then ‘at’ must be used), such as ‘staðr, völlr, ból, hjalli, bakki, heimr, eyri,’ etc.; á Veggjum, Landn. 69; á Hólmlátri, id.: those ending in ‘-staðr,’ á Geirmundarstöðum, Þórisstöðum, Jarðlangsstöðum…, Landn.: ‘-völlr,’ á Möðruvöllum: á Fitjum (the farm) í Storð (the island), í Fenhring (the island) á Aski (the farm), Landn., Eg.: ‘-nes’ sometimes takes á, sometimes í (in mod. usage always ‘í’), á Nesi, Eb. 14, or í Krossnesi, 30; in the last case the notion of island, νησος, prevails: so also, ‘fjörðr,’ as, þeir börðust á Vigrafirði (of a fight o n the ice), Landn. 101, but orusta í Hafrsfirði, 122: with ‘-bær,’ á is used in the sense of a farm or estate, hón sa á e-m bæ mikit hús ok fagrt, Edda 22; ‘í bæ’ means within doors, of the buildings: with ‘Bær’ as pr. name Landn. uses ‘í,’ 71, 160, 257, 309, 332.
    4. denoting on or just above; of the sun, when the time is fixed by regarding the sun in connection with points in the horizon, a standing phrase in Icel.; sól á gjáhamri, when the sun is on the crag of the Rift, Grág. i. 26, cp. Glúm. 387; so, brú á á, a bridge on a river, Fms. viii. 179, Hrafn. 20; taka hús á e-m, to surprise one, to take the house over his head, Fms. i. 11.
    III. á is sometimes used in old writers where we should now expect an acc., esp. in the phrase, leggja sverði (or the like) á e-m, or á e-m miðjum, to stab, Eg. 216, Gísl. 106, Band. 14; þá stakk Starkaðr sprotanum á konungi, then Starkad stabbed the king with the wand, Fas. iii. 34; bíta á kampi (vör), to bite the lips, as a token of pain or emotion, Nj. 209, 68; taka á e-u, to touch a thing, lay hold of it, v. taka; fá á e-u, id. (poët.); leggja hendr á (better at) síðum, in wrestling, Fms. x. 331; koma á úvart á e-m, to come on one unawares, ix. 407 (rare).
    B. TEMP. of a particular point or period of time, at, on, in:
    I. gener. denoting during, in the course of; á nótt, degi, nætrþeli …, Bs. i. 139; or spec. adding a pron. or an adject., á næsta sumri, the next summer; á því ári, þingi, misseri, hausti, vári, sumri …, during, in that year …, Bs. i. 679, etc.; á þrem sumrum, in the course of three summers, Grág. i. 218; á þrem várum, Fms. ii. 114; á hálfs mánaðar fresti, within half a month’s delay, Nj. 99; á tvítugs, sextugs … aldri, á barns, gamals aldri, etc., at the age of …, v. aldr: á dögum e-s, in the days of, in his reign or time, Landn. 24, Hrafn. 3, Fms. ix. 229.
    II. used of a fixed recurrent period or season; á várum, sumrum, haustum, vetrum, á kveldum, every spring, summer …, in the evenings, Eg. 711, Fms. i. 23, 25, vi. 394, Landn. 292: with the numeral adverbs, cp. Lat. ter in anno, um sinn á mánuði, ári, once a month, once a year, where the Engl. a is not the article but the preposition, Grág. i. 89.
    III. of duration; á degi, during a whole day, Fms. v. 48; á sjau nóttum, Bárð. 166; á því meli, during that time, in the meantime, Grág. i. 259.
    IV. connected with the seasons (á vetri, sumri, vári, hausti), ‘á’ denotes the next preceding season, the last winter, summer, autumn, Eb. 40, 238, Ld. 206: in such instances ‘á’ denotes the past, ‘at’ the future, ‘í’ the present; thus í vetri in old writers means this winter; á vetri, last winter; at vetri, next winter, Eb. 68 (in a verse), etc.
    C. In various other relations, more or less metaphorically, on, upon, in, to, with, towards, against:
    I. denoting object, in respect of, against, almost periphrastically; dvelja á náðum e-s, under one’s protection, Fms. i. 74; hafa metnað á e-u, to be proud of, to take pride in a thing, 127.
    2. denoting a personal relation, in; bæta e-t á e-m, to make amends, i. e. to one personally; misgöra e-t á e-m, to inflict wrong on one; hafa elsku (hatr) á e-m, to bear love ( hatred) to one, Fms. ix. 242; hefna sín á e-m, to take revenge on one’s person, on anyone; rjúfa sætt á e-m, to break truce on the person of any one, to offend against his person, Nj. 103; hafa sár á sér, 101; sjá á e-m, to read on or in one’s face; sér hann á hverjum manni hvárt til þín er vel eðr illa, 106; var þat brátt auðséð á hennar högum, at …, it could soon be seen in all her doings, that …, Ld. 22.
    3. also generally to shew signs of a thing; sýna fáleika á sér, to shew marks of displeasure, Nj. 14, Fs. 14; taka vel, illa, lítt, á e-u, to take a thing well, ill, or indifferently, id.; finna á sér, to feel in oneself; fann lítt á honum, hvárt …, it could hardly be seen in his face, whether …, Eb. 42; líkindi eru á, it is likely, Ld. 172; göra kost á e-u, to give a choice, chance of it, 178; eiga vald á e-u, to have power over …, Nj. 10.
    II. denoting encumbrance, duty, liability; er fimtardómsmál á þeim, to be subject to …, Nj. 231; the phrase, hafa e-t á hendi, or vera á hendi e-m, on one’s hands, of work or duty to be done; eindagi á fé, term, pay day, Grág. i. 140; ómagi (skylda, afvinna) á fé, of a burden or encumbrance, D. I. and Grág. in several passages.
    III. with a personal pronoun, sér, mér, honum …, denoting personal appearance, temper, character, look, or the like; vera þungr, léttr … á sér, to be heavy or light, either bodily or mentally; þungr á sér, corpulent, Sturl. i. 112; kátr ok léttr á sér, of a gay and light temper, Fms. x. 152; þat bragð hafði hann á sér, he looked as if, … the expression of his face was as though …, Ld., cp. the mod. phrase, hafa á sér svip, bragð, æði, sið, of one’s manner or personal appearance, to bear oneself as, or the like; skjótr (seinn) á fæti, speedy ( slow) of foot, Nj. 258.
    IV. as a periphrasis of the possessive pronoun connected with the limbs or parts of the body. In common Icel. such phrases as my hands, eyes, head … are hardly ever used, but höfuð, eyru, hár, nef, munnr, hendr, fætr … á mér; so ‘í’ is used of the internal parts, e. g. hjarta, bein … í mér; the eyes are regarded as inside the body, augun í honum: also without the possessive pronoun, or as a periphrasis for a genitive, brjóstið á e-m, one’s breast, Nj. 95, Edda 15; súrnar í augum, it smarts in my eyes, my eyes smart, Nj. 202; kviðinn á sér, its belly, 655 xxx. 5, Fms. vi. 350; hendr á henni, her hands, Gísl. (in a verse); í vörunum á honum, on his lips, Band. 14; ristin á honum, his step, Fms. viii. 141; harðr í tungu, sharp of tongue, Hallfred (Fs. 114); kalt (heitt) á fingrum, höndum, fótum …, cold ( warm) in the fingers, hands, feet …, i. e. with cold fingers, etc.; cp. also the phrase, verða vísa (orð) á munni, of extemporising verses or speeches, freq. in the Sagas; fastr á fótum, fast by the leg, of a bondsman, Nj. 27: of the whole body, díla fundu þeir á honum, 209. The pers. pron. is used only in solemn style (poetry, hymns, the Bible), and perhaps only when influenced by foreign languages, e. g. mitt hjarta hví svo hryggist þú, as a translation of ‘warumb betrübst du dich mein Herz?’ the famous hymn by Hans Sachs; instead of the popular hjartað í mér, Sl. 43, 44: hjartað mitt is only used as a term of endearment, as by a husband to his wife, parents to their child, or the like, in a metaphorical sense; the heart proper is ‘í mér,’ not ‘mitt.’
    2. of other things, and as a periphrasis of a genitive, of a part belonging to the whole, e. g. dyrr á husi = húsdyrr, at the house-doors; turn á kirkju = kirkju turn; stafn, skutr, segl, árar … á skipi, the stem, stern, sail … of a ship, Fms. ix. 135; blöð á lauk, á tré …, leaves of a leek, of a tree …, Fas. i. 469; egg á sverði = sverðs egg; stafr á bók; kjölr á bók, and in endless other instances.
    V. denoting instrumentality, by, on, or a-, by means of; afla fjár á hólmgöngum, to make money a-duelling, by means of duels, Eg. 498; á verkum sínum, to subsist on one’s own work, Njarð. 366: as a law term, sekjast á e-ju, to be convicted upon …, Grág. i. 123; sekst maðr þar á sínu eigini ( a man is guilty in re sua), ef hann tekr af þeim manni er heimild ( possessio) hefir til, ii. 191; falla á verkum sínum, to be killed flagranti delicto, v. above; fella e-n á bragði, by a sleight in wrestling; komast undan á flótta, to escape by flight, Eg. 11; á hlaupi, by one’s feet, by speed, Hkr. ii. 168; lifa á e-u, to feed on; bergja á e-u, to taste of a thing; svala sér á e-u, to quench the thirst on.
    VI. with subst. numerals; á þriðja tigi manna, up to thirty, i. e. from about twenty to thirty, Ld. 194; á öðru hundraði skipa, from one to two hundred sail strong, Fms. x. 126; á níunda tigi, between eighty and ninety years of age, Eg. 764, v. above: used as prep., á hendi, on one’s hand, i. e. bound to do it, v. hönd.
    VII. in more or less adverbial phrases it may often be translated in Engl. by a participle and a- prefixed; á lopti, aloft; á floti, afloat; á lífi, alive; á verðgangi, a-begging; á brautu, away; á baki, a-back, behind, past; á milli, a-tween; á laun, alone, secretly; á launungu, id.; á móti, against; á enda, at an end, gone; á huldu, hidden; fara á hæli, to go a-heel, i. e. backwards, Fms. vii. 70;—but in many cases these phrases are transl. by the Engl. partic. with a, which is then perh. a mere prefix, not a prep., á flugi, a-flying in the air, Nj. 79; vera á gangi, a-going; á ferli, to be about; á leiki, a-playing, Fms. i. 78; á sundi, a-swimming, ii. 27; á verði, a-watching, x. 201; á hrakningi, a-wandering; á reiki, a-wavering; á skjálfi, a-shivering; á-hleri, a-listening; á tali, a-talking, Ísl. ii. 200; á hlaupi, a-running, Hkr. ii. 268; á verki, a-working; á veiðum, a-hunting; á fiski, a-fishing; á beit, grazing: and as a law term it even means in flagranti, N. G. L. i. 348.
    VIII. used absolutely without a case in reference to the air or the weather, where ‘á’ is almost redundant; þoka var á mikil, a thick fog came on, Nj. 267; niðamyrkr var á, pitch darkness came on, Eg. 210; allhvast á norðan, a very strong breeze from the north, Fms. ix. 20; þá var á norðrænt, a north wind came on, 42, Ld. 56; hvaðan sem á er, from whatever point the wind is; var á hríð veðrs, a snow storm came on, Nj. 282; görði á regn, rain came on, Fms. vi. 394, xi. 35, Ld. 156.
    WITH ACC.
    A. Loc.
    I. denoting simple direction towards, esp. connected with verbs of motion, going, or the like; hann gékk á bergsnös, Eg. 389; á hamar, Fas. ii. 517.
    2. in phrases denoting direction; liggja á útborða, lying on the outside of the ship, Eg. 354; á annat borð skipinu, Fms. vii. 260; á bæði borð, on both sides of the ship, Nj. 124, Ld. 56; á tvær hliðar, on both sides, Fms. v. 73. Ísl. ii. 159; á hlið, sidewards; út á hlið, Nj. 262, Edda 44; á aðra hönd henni, Nj. 50, Ld. 46; höggva á tvær hendr, to hew or strike right and left, Ísl. ii. 368, Fas. i. 384, Fms. viii. 363, x. 383.
    3. upp á, upon; hann tók augu Þjaza ok kastaði upp á himin, Edda 47: with verbs denoting to look, see, horfa, sjá, líta, etc.; hann rak skygnur á land, he cast glances towards the land, Ld. 154.
    II. denoting direction with or without the idea of arriving:
    1. with verbs denoting to aim at; of a blow or thrust, stefna á fótinn, Nj. 84; spjótið stefnir á hann miðjan, 205: of the wind, gékk veðrit á vestr, the wind veered to west, Fms. ix. 28; sigla á haf, to stand out to sea, Hkr. i. 146, Fms. i. 39: with ‘út’ added, Eg. 390, Fms. x. 349.
    2. conveying the notion of arriving, or the intervening space being traversed; spjótið kom á miðjan skjöldinn, Eg. 379, Nj. 96, 97; langt upp á land, far up inland, Hkr. i. 146: to reach, taka ofan á belti, of the long locks of a woman, to reach down to the belt, Nj. 2; ofan á bringu, 48; á þa ofan, 91.
    III. without reference to the space traversed, connected with verbs denoting to go, turn, come, ride, sail, throw, or the like, motion of every kind; hann kastar honum á völlinn, he flings him down, Nj. 91; hlaupa á skip sitt, to leap on board his ship, 43; á hest, to mount quickly, Edda 75; á lend hestinum, Nj. 91; hann gengr á sáðland sitt, he walks on to his fields, 82: on, upon, komast á fætr, to get upon one’s legs, 92; ganga á land, to go a-shore, Fms. i. 40; ganga á þing, vii. 242, Grág. (often); á skóg, á merkr ok skóga, into a wood, Fb. i. 134, 257, Fms. xi. 118, Eg. 577, Nj. 130; fara á Finnmörk, to go travelling in Finmark, Fms. i. 8; koma, fara á bæ, to arrive at the farm-house; koma á veginn, Eg. 578; stíga á bát, skip, to go on board, 158; hann gékk upp á borg, he went up to the burg (castle), 717; en er þeir komu á loptriðið, 236; hrinda skipum á vatn, to float the ships down into the water, Fms. i. 58; reka austr á haf, to drift eastwards on the sea, x. 145; ríða ofan á, to ride down or over, Nj. 82.
    IV. in some cases the acc. is used where the dat. would be used, esp. with verbs denoting to see or hear, in such phrases as, þeir sá boða mikinn inn á fjörðinn, they saw great breakers away up in the bight of the firth, the acc. being due perhaps to a motion or direction of the eye or ear towards the object, Nj. 124; sá þeir fólkit á land, they saw the people in the direction of land, Fas. ii. 517: in phrases denoting to be placed, to sit, to be seated, the seat or bench is freq. in the acc. where the dat. would now be used; konungr var þar á land upp, the king was then up the country, the spectator or narrator is conceived as looking from the shore or sea-side, Nj. 46; sitja á miðjan bekk, to be seated on the middle bench, 50; skyldi konungs sæti vera á þann bekk … annat öndvegi var á hinn úæðra pall; hann setti konungs hásæti á miðjan þverpall, Fms. vi. 439, 440, cp. Fagrsk. l. c., Sturl. iii. 182; eru víða fjallbygðir upp á mörkina, in the mark or forest, Eg. 58; var þar mörk mikil á land upp, 229; mannsafnaðr er á land upp (viewed from the sea), Ld. 76; stóll var settr á mótið, Fas. i. 58; beiða fars á skip, to beg a passage, Grág. i. 90.
    V. denoting parts of the body; bíta e-n á barka, to bite one in the throat, Ísl. ii. 447; skera á háls, to cut the throat of any one, Nj. 156; brjóta e-n á háls, to break any one’s neck; brjóta e-n á bak, to break any one’s back, Fms. vii. 119; kalinn á kné, frozen to the knees with cold, Hm. 3.
    VI. denoting round; láta reipi á háls hesti, round his horse’s neck, 623. 33; leggja söðul á hest, Nj. 83; and ellipt., leggja á, to saddle; breiða feld á hofuð sér, to wrap a cloak over his head, 164; reyta á sik mosa, to gather moss to cover oneself with, 267; spenna hring á hönd, á fingr, Eg. 300.
    VII. denoting a burden; stela mat á tvá hesta, hey á fimtán hesta, i. e. a two, a fifteen horse load, Nj. 74: metaph., kjósa feigð á menn, to choose death upon them, i. e. doom them to death, Edda 22.
    B. TEMP.
    I. of a period of time, at, to; á morgun, to-morrow (í morgun now means the past morning, the morning of to-day), Ísl. ii. 333.
    II. if connected with the word day, ‘á’ is now used before a fixed or marked day, a day of the week, a feast day, or the like; á Laugardag, á Sunnudag …, on Saturday, Sunday, the Old Engl. a-Sunday, a-Monday, etc.; á Jóladaginn, Páskadaginn, on Yule and Easter-day; but in old writers more often used ellipt. Sunnudaginn, Jóladaginn …, by dropping the prep. ‘á,’ Fms. viii. 397, Grág. i. 18.
    III. connected with ‘dagr’ with the definite article suffixed, ‘á’ denotes a fixed, recurring period or season, in; á daginn, during the day-time, every day in turn, Grett. 91 A.
    IV. connected with ‘evening, morning, the seasons,’ with the article; á kveldit, every evening, Ld. 14; á sumarit, every summer, Vd. 128, where the new Ed. Fs. 51 reads sumrum; á haust, every autumn, Eg. 741 (perh. a misprint instead of á haustin or á haustum); á vetrinn, in the winter time, 710; á várit, every spring, Gþl. 347; the sing., however, is very rare in such cases, the old as well as mod. usage prefers the plur.; á nætrnar, by night, Nj. 210; á várin, Eg. 710; á sumrin, haustin, á morgnana, in the morning (á morgin, sing., means to-morrow); á kveldin, in the evening, only ‘dagr’ is used in sing., v. above (á daginn, not á dagana); but elliptically and by dropping the article, Icelanders say, kveld og morgna, nótt og dag, vetr sumar vor og haust, in the same sense as those above mentioned.
    V. denoting duration, the article is dropped in the negative phrase, aldri á sinn dag, never during one’s life; aldri á mína daga, never in my life, Bjarn. 8, where a possess. pron. is put between noun and prep., but this phrase is very rare. Such phrases as, á þann dag, that day, and á þenna dag, Stj. 12, 655 xxx. 2. 20, are unclassical.
    VI. á dag without article can only be used in a distributive sense, e. g. tvisvar á dag, twice a-day; this use is at present freq. in Icel., yet instances from old writers are not on record.
    VII. denoting a movement onward in time, such as, liðið á nótt, dag, kveld, morgun, sumar, vetr, vár, haust (or nóttina, daginn …), jól, páska, föstu, or the like, far on in the night, day …, Edda 33; er á leið vetrinn, when the winter was well on, as the winter wore on, Nj. 126; cp. áliðinn: also in the phrase, hniginn á inn efra aldr, well stricken in years, Ld. 68.
    C. Metaph. and in various relations:
    I. somewhat metaphorically, denoting an act only (not the place); fara á fund, á vit e-s, to call for one, Eg. 140; koma á ræðu við e-n, to come to a parley with, to speak, 173; ganga á tal, Nj. 103; skora á hólm, to challenge to a duel on an island; koma á grið, to enter into a service, to be domiciled, Grág. i. 151; fara á veiðar, to go a-hunting, Fms. i. 8.
    β. generally denoting on, upon, in, to; bjóða vöxtu á féit, to offer interest on the money, Grág. i. 198; ganga á berhögg, to come to blows, v. berhögg; fá á e-n, to make an impression upon one, Nj. 79; ganga á vápn e-s, to throw oneself on an enemy’s weapon, meet him face to face, Rd. 310; ganga á lagið, to press on up the spear-shaft after it has passed through one so as to get near one’s foe, i. e. to avail oneself of the last chance; bera fé á e-n, to bribe, Nj. 62; bera öl á e-n, to make drunk, Fas. i. 13; snúinn á e-t, inclined to, Fms. x. 142; sammælast á e-t, to agree upon, Nj. 86; sættast, verða sáttr á e-t, in the same sense, to come to an agreement, settlement, or atonement, 78, Edda 15, Eb. 288, Ld. 50, Fms. i. 279; ganga á mála, to serve for pay as a soldier, Nj. 121; ganga á vald e-s, to put oneself in his power, 267; ganga á sætt, to break an agreement; vega á veittar trygðir, to break truce, Grág. ii. 169.
    II. denoting in regard to, in respect to:
    1. of colour, complexion, the hue of the hair, or the like; hvítr, jarpr, dökkr … á hár, having white, brown, or dark … hair, Ísl. ii. 190, Nj. 39; svartr á brún ok brá, dark of brow and eyebrow; dökkr á hörund, id., etc.
    2. denoting skill, dexterity; hagr á tré, a good carpenter; hagr á járn, málm, smíðar …, an expert worker in iron, metals …, Eg. 4; fimr á boga, good at the bow: also used of mastership in science or arts, meistari á hörpuslátt, a master in striking the harp, Fas. iii. 220; fræðimaðr á kvæði, knowing many poems by heart, Fms. vi. 391; fræðimaðr á landnámssögur ok forna fræði, a learned scholar in histories and antiquities (of Are Frode), Ísl. ii. 189; mikill á íþrótt, skilful in an art, Edda (pref.) 148; but dat. in the phrase, kunna (vel) á skíðum, to be a cunning skater, Fms. i. 9, vii. 120.
    3. denoting dimensions; á hæð, lengd, breidd, dýpt …, in the heighth, length, breadth, depth …, Eg. 277; á hvern veg, on each side, Edda 41 (square miles); á annan veg, on the one side, Grág. i. 89.
    β. the phrase, á sik, in regard to oneself, vel (illa) á sik kominn, of a fine ( ugly) appearance, Ld. 100, Fas. iii. 74.
    III. denoting instrumentality; bjargast á sínar hendr, to live on the work of one’s own hands, (á sínar spýtur is a mod. phrase in the same sense); (vega) á skálir, pundara, to weigh in scales, Grág. ii. 370; at hann hefði tvá pundara, ok hefði á hinn meira keypt en á hinn minna selt, of a man using two scales, a big one for buying and a little one for selling, Sturl. i. 91; á sinn kostnað, at one’s own expense; nefna e-n á nafn, by name, Grág. i. 17, etc. The Icel. also say, spinna á rokk, snældu, to spin on or with a rock or distaff; mala á kvern, to grind in a ‘querne,’ where Edda 73 uses dat.; esp. of musical instruments, syngja, leika á hljóðfæri, hörpu, gígju …; in the old usage, leika hörpu …, Stj. 458.
    IV. denoting the manner or way of doing:
    1. á þessa lund, in this wise, Grág. ii. 22; á marga vega, á alla, ymsa vega, in many, all, respects, Fms. i. 114; á sitt hóf, in its turn, respectively, Ld. 136, where the context shews that the expression answers to the Lat. mutatis mutandis; á Þýðersku, after German fashion, Sks. 288.
    2. esp. of language; mæla, rita á e-a tungu, to speak, write in a tongue; á Írsku, in Irish, Ld. 76; Norrænu, in Norse, Eb. 330, Vm. 35; a Danska tungu, in Danish, i. e. Scandinavian, Norse, or Icelandic, Grág. i. 18; á Vára tungu, i. e. in Icelandic, 181; rita á Norræna tungu, to write in Norse, Hkr. (pref.), Bs. i. 59:—at present, dat. is sometimes used.
    3. in some phrases the acc. is used instead of the dat.; hann sýndi á sik mikit gaman, Fms. x. 329; hann lét ekki á sik finna, he shewed no sign of motion, Nj. 111; skaltú önga fáleika á þik gera (Cod. Kalf.), 14.
    V. used in a distributive sense; skal mörk kaupa gæzlu á kú, eðr oxa fim vetra gamlan, a mark for every cow, Grág. i. 147; alin á hvert hross, 442; á mann, per man (now freq.): cp. also á dag above, lit. B.
    VI. connected with nouns,
    1. prepositional; á hendr (with dat.), against; á hæla, at heel, close behind; á bak, at back, i. e. past, after; á vit (with gen.), towards.
    2. adverbially; á braut, away, abroad; á víxl, in turns; á mis, amiss; á víð ok dreif, a-wide and a-drift, i. e. dispersedly.
    3. used almost redundantly before the following prep.; á eptir, after, behind; á undan, in front of; á meðal, á milli, among; á mót, against; á við, about, alike; á frá (cp. Swed. ifrån), from (rare); á fyrir = fyrir, Haustl. 1; á hjá, beside (rare); á fram, a-head, forwards; á samt, together; ávalt = of allt, always: following a prep., upp á, upon; niðr á, down upon; ofan á, eptir á, post eventum, (temp.) á eptir is loc., id., etc.
    VII. connected with many transitive verbs, answering to the Lat. ad- or in-, in composition, in many cases periphrastically for an objective case. The prep. generally follows after the verb, instead of being prefixed to it as in Lat., and answers to the Engl. on, to; heita kalla, hrópa á, to call on; heyra, hlusta, hlyða á, to hearken to, listen to; hyggja, hugsa á, to think on; minna á, to remind; sjá, líta, horfa, stara, mæna, glápa, koma auga … á, to look on; girnast á, to wish for; trúa á, to believe on; skora á, to call on any one to come out, challenge; kæra á, to accuse; heilsa á, to greet; herja, ganga, ríða, hlaupa, ráða … á, to fall on, attack, cp. ágangr, áreið, áhlaup; ljúga á, to tell lies of, to slander; telja á, to carp at; ausa, tala, hella, kasta, verpa … á, to pour, throw on; ríða, bera, dreifa á, to sprinkle on; vanta, skorta á, to fall short of; ala á, to plead, beg; leggja á, to throw a spell on, lay a saddle on; hætta á, to venture on; gizka á, to guess at; kveða á, to fix on, etc.: in a reciprocal sense, haldast á, of mutual strife; sendast á, to exchange presents; skrifast á, to correspond (mod.); kallast á, to shout mutually; standast á, to coincide, so as to be just opposite one another, etc.
    2.
    f. [Lat. aqua; Goth. ahva; Hel. aha; A. S. eâ; O. H. G. aha, owa; cp. Germ. ach and aue; Fr. eau, eaux; Engl. Ax-, Ex-, etc., in names of places; Swed.-Dan. å; the Scandinavians absorb the hu, so that only a single vowel or diphthong remains of the whole word]:—a river. The old form in nom. dat. acc. sing. is , v. the introduction to A, page 1, Bs. i. 333 sq., where ́n, ́ (acc.), and ́na; so also Greg. 677; the old fragm. of Grág. ii. 222, 223, new Ed. In the Kb. of the Edda the old form occurs twice, viz. page 75, ́na (acc.), (but two lines below, ána), í ́nni (dat.) The old form also repeatedly occurs in the Kb. and Sb. of the Grág., e. g. ii. 266, 267: gen. sing. ár; nom. pl. ár, gen. á contracted, dat. ám, obsolete form ́m; Edda 43, Eg. 80, 99, 133, 185: proverbs, at ósi skal á stemma, answering to the Lat. principiis obsta, Edda 60; hér kemr á til sæfar, here the river runs into the sea, metaph. = this is the very end, seems to have been a favourite ending of old poems; it is recorded in the Húsdrápa and the Norðsetadrápa, v. Edda 96, Skálda 198; cp. the common saying, oil vötn renna til sævar, ‘all waters run into the sea.’ Rivers with glacier water are in Icel. called Hvítá, White river, or Jökulsá: Hitá, Hot river, from a hot spring, opp. to Kaldá, v. Landn.: others take a name from the fish in them, as Laxá, Lax or Salmon river (freq.); Örriða á, etc.: a tributary river is þverá, etc.: ár in the Njála often means the great rivers Ölfusá and Þjórsá in the south of Iceland. Áin helga, a river in Sweden, Hkr. ii: á is also suffixed to the names of foreign rivers, Tempsá = Thames; Dóná, Danube (Germ. Don-au), (mod.), etc. Vide Edda (Gl.) 116, 117, containing the names of over a hundred North-English and Scottish rivers.
    COMPDS: áráll, árbakki, árbrot, ardjúp, árfarvegr, árfors, árgljúfr, árhlutr, ármegin, árminni, ármót, áróss, árreki, árstraumr, árströnd, árvað, árvegr, árvöxtr.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > Á

  • 122 ὡς

    ὡς (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.) relative adv. of the relative pron. ὅς. It is used as
    ① a comparative particle, marking the manner in which someth. proceeds, as, like
    ⓐ corresponding to οὕτως=‘so, in such a way’: σωθήσεται, οὕτως ὡς διὰ πυρός he will be saved, (but only) in such a way as (one, in an attempt to save oneself, must go) through fire (and therefore suffer fr. burns) 1 Cor 3:15. τὴν ἑαυτοῦ γυναῖκα οὕτως ἀγαπάτω ὡς ἑαυτόν Eph 5:33; cp. vs. 28. ἡμέρα κυρίου ὡς κλέπτης οὕτως ἔρχεται 1 Th 5:2. The word οὕτως can also be omitted ἀσφαλίσασθε ὡς οἴδατε make it as secure as you know how = as you can Mt 27:65. ὡς οὐκ οἶδεν αὐτός (in such a way) as he himself does not know = he himself does not know how, without his knowing (just) how Mk 4:27. ὡς ἀνῆκεν (in such a way) as is fitting Col 3:18. Cp. 4:4; Eph 6:20; Tit 1:5 (cp. Just., A I, 3, 1 ὡς πρέπον ἐστίν). ὡς πᾶσα γυνὴ γεννᾷ GJs 11:2; ὡς ἀπεκαλύφθη AcPlCor 1:8.
    ⓑ special uses
    α. in ellipses (TestAbr A 12 p. 90, 22 [Stone p. 28] θρόνος … ἐξαστράπτων ὡς πῦρ; TestJob 20:3 χρήσασθαι … ὡς ἐβούλετο; JosAs 12:7 πρὸς σὲ κατέφυγον ὡς παιδίον ἐπὶ τὸν πατέρα) ἐλάλουν ὡς νήπιος I used to speak as a child (is accustomed to speak) 1 Cor 13:11a; cp. bc; Mk 10:15; Eph 6:6a; Phil 2:22; Col 3:22. ὡς τέκνα φωτὸς περιπατεῖτε walk as (is appropriate for) children of light Eph 5:8; cp. 6:6b. ὡς ἐν ἡμέρᾳ as (it is one’s duty to walk) in the daylight Ro 13:13. The Israelites went through the Red Sea ὡς διὰ ξηρᾶς γῆς as (one travels) over dry land Hb 11:29. οὐ λέγει ὡς ἐπὶ πολλῶν ἀλλʼ ὡς ἐφʼ ἑνός he speaks not as one would of a plurality (s. ἐπί 8), but as of a single thing Gal 3:16.—Ro 15:15; 1 Pt 5:3. Also referring back to οὕτως (GrBar 6:16 ὡς γὰρ τὰ δίστομα οὕτως καὶ ὁ ἀλέκτωρ μηνύει τοῖς ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ like articulate beings the rooster informs earth’s inhabitants) οὕτως τρέχω ὡς οὐκ ἀδήλως I run as (a person) with a fixed goal 1 Cor 9:26a. Cp. ibid. b; Js 2:12.
    β. ὡς and the words that go w. it can be the subj. or obj., of a clause: γενηθήτω σοι ὡς θέλεις let it be done (= it will be done) for you as you wish Mt 15:28. Cp. 8:13; Lk 14:22 v.l. (for ὅ; cp. ὡς τὸ θέλημά σου OdeSol 11:21). The predicate belonging to such a subj. is to be supplied in οὐχ ὡς ἐγὼ θέλω (γενηθήτω) Mt 26:39a.—ἐποίησεν ὡς προσέταξεν αὐτῷ ὁ ἄγγελος he did as (= that which) the angel commanded him (to do) Mt 1:24; cp. 26:19 (on the structure s. RPesch, BZ 10, ’66, 220–45; 11, ’67, 79–95; cp. the formula Job 42:9 and the contrasting negation Ex 1:17; s. also Ex 3:21f); 28:15.—Practically equivalent to ὅ, which is a v.l. for it Mk 14:72 (JBirdsall, NovT 2, ’58, 272–75; cp. Lk 14:22 above).
    γ. ἕκαστος ὡς each one as or according to what Ro 12:3; 1 Cor 3:5; 7:17ab; Rv 22:12. ὡς ἦν δυνατὸς ἕκαστος each person interpreted them as best each could Papias (2:16).
    δ. in indirect questions (X., Cyr. 1, 5, 11 ἀπαίδευτοι ὡς χρὴ συμμάχοις χρῆσθαι) ἐξηγοῦντο ὡς ἐγνώσθη αὐτοῖς ἐν τῇ κλάσει τοῦ ἄρτου they told how he had made himself known to them when they broke bread together Lk 24:35. Cp. Mk 12:26 v.l. (for πῶς); Lk 8:47; 23:55; Ac 10:38; 20:20; Ro 11:2; 2 Cor 7:15.
    ② a conjunction marking a point of comparison, as. This ‘as’ can have a ‘so’ expressly corresponding to it or not, as the case may be; further, both sides of the comparison can be expressed in complete clauses, or one or even both may be abbreviated.
    ⓐ ὡς is correlative w. οὕτως=so. οὕτως … ὡς (so, in such a way) … as: οὐδέποτε ἐλάλησεν οὕτως ἄνθρωπος ὡς οὗτος λαλεῖ ὁ ἄνθρωπος J 7:46. ὡς … οὕτως Ac 8:32 (Is 53:7); 23:11; Ro 5:15 (ὡς τὸ παράπτωμα, οὕτως καὶ τὸ χάρισμα, both halves to be completed), 18. ὡς κοινωνοί ἐστε τῶν παθημάτων, οὕτως καὶ τῆς παρακλήσεως as you are comrades in suffering, so (shall you be) in comfort as well 2 Cor 1:7. Cp. 7:14; 11:3 v.l.—ὡς … καί as … so (Plut., Mor. 39e; Ath. 15, 2) Mt 6:10; Ac 7:51; 2 Cor 13:2; Gal 1:9; Phil 1:20.
    ⓑ The clause beginning w. ὡς can easily be understood and supplied in many cases; when this occurs, the noun upon which the comparison depends can often stand alone, and in these cases ὡς acts as a particle denoting comparison. οἱ δίκαιοι ἐκλάμψουσιν ὡς ὁ ἥλιος the righteous will shine out as the sun (shines) Mt 13:43. ὡς ἐπὶ λῃστὴν ἐξήλθατε συλλαβεῖν με as (one goes out) against a robber, (so) you have gone out to arrest me 26:55 (Mel., P. 79, 574 ὡς ἐπὶ φόνιον λῄστην). γίνεσθε φρόνιμοι ὡς οἱ ὄφεις be (as) wise as serpents (are) 10:16b. Cp. Lk 12:27; 21:35; 22:31; J 15:6; 2 Ti 2:17; 1 Pt 5:8.
    ⓒ Semitic infl. is felt in the manner in which ὡς, combined w. a subst., takes the place of a subst. or an adj.
    α. a substantive
    א. as subj. (cp. Da 7:13 ὡς υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἤρχετο; cp. 10:16, 18) ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου (ἦν) ὡς θάλασσα ὑαλίνη before the throne there was something like a sea of glass Rv 4:6. Cp. 8:8; 9:7a. ἀφʼ ἑνὸς ἐγενήθησαν ὡς ἡ ἄμμος from one man they have come into being as the sand, i.e. countless descendants Hb 11:12.
    ב. as obj. (JosAs 17:6 εἶδεν Ἀσενὲθ ὡς ἅρμα πυρός) ᾂδουσιν ὡς ᾠδὴν καινήν they were singing, as it were, a new song Rv 14:3. ἤκουσα ὡς φωνήν I heard what sounded like a shout 19:1, 6abc; cp. 6:1.
    β. as adjective, pred. (mostly εἶναι, γίνεσθαι ὡς; the latter also in rendering of ךְּ to express the basic reality of something: GDelling, Jüd. Lehre u. Frömmigkeit ’67, p. 58, on ParJer 9:7) ἐὰν μὴ γένησθε ὡς τὰ παιδία if you do not become child-like Mt 18:3. ὡς ἄγγελοί εἰσιν they are similar to angels 22:30. πᾶσα σὰρξ ὡς χόρτος 1 Pt 1:24. Cp. Mk 6:34; 12:25; Lk 22:26ab; Ro 9:27 (Is 10:22); 29a (Is 1:9a); 1 Cor 4:13; 7:7f, 29–31; 9:20f; 2 Pt 3:8ab (Ps 89:4); Rv 6:12ab al. (cp. GrBar 14:1 ἐγένετο φωνὴ ὡς βροντή). Sim. also ποίησόν με ὡς ἕνα τῶν μισθίων σου treat me like one of your day laborers Lk 15:19.—The adj. or adjectival expr. for which this form stands may be used as an attribute πίστιν ὡς κόκκον σινάπεως faith like a mustard seed=faith no greater than a tiny mustard seed Mt 17:20; Lk 17:6. προφήτης ὡς εἷς τῶν προφητῶν Mk 6:15. Cp. Ac 3:22; 7:37 (both Dt 18:15); 10:11; 11:5. ἐγένετο ὡς εἷς τῶν φευγόντων AcPl Ha 5, 18. ἀρνίον ὡς ἐσφαγμένον a lamb that appeared to have been slaughtered Rv 5:6.—In expressions like τρίχας ὡς τρίχας γυναικῶν 9:8a the second τρίχας can be omitted as self-evident (Ps 54:7 v.l.): ἡ φωνὴ ὡς σάλπιγγος 4:1; cp. 1:10; 9:8b; 13:2a; 14:2c; 16:3.
    ⓓ other noteworthy uses
    α. ὡς as can introduce an example ὡς καὶ Ἠλίας ἐποίησεν Lk 9:54 v.l.; cp. 1 Pt 3:6; or, in the combination ὡς γέγραπται, a scripture quotation Mk 1:2 v.l.; 7:6; Lk 3:4; Ac 13:33; cp. Ro 9:25; or even an authoritative human opinion Ac 17:28; 22:5; 25:10; or any other decisive reason Mt 5:48; 6:12 (ὡς καί).
    β. ὡς introduces short clauses: ὡς εἰώθει as his custom was Mk 10:1. Cp. Hs 5, 1, 2. ὡς λογίζομαι as I think 1 Pt 5:12. ὡς ἐνομίζετο as was supposed Lk 3:23 (Diog. L. 3, 2 ὡς Ἀθήνησιν ἦν λόγος [about Plato’s origin]; TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 32 [Stone p. 12] ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ; Just., A I, 6, 2 ὡς ἐδιδάχθημεν). ὡς ἦν as he was Mk 4:36. ὡς ἔφην Papias (2:15) (ApcMos 42; cp. Just., A I, 21, 6 ὡς προέφημεν).
    γ. The expr. οὕτως ἐστὶν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ ὡς ἄνθρωπος βάλῃ τὸν σπόρον Mk 4:26 may well exhibit colloquial syntax; but some think that ἄν (so one v.l. [=ἐάν, which is read by many mss.]) once stood before ἄνθρωπος and was lost inadvertently. S. the comm., e.g. EKlostermann, Hdb. z. NT4 ’50 ad loc.; s. also Jülicher, Gleichn. 539; B-D-F §380, 4; Mlt. 185 w. notes; Rdm.2 154; Rob. 928; 968.
    ③ marker introducing the perspective from which a pers., thing, or activity is viewed or understood as to character, function, or role, as
    ⓐ w. focus on quality, circumstance, or role
    α. as (JosAs 26:7 ἔγνω … Λευὶς … ταῦτα πάντα ὡς προφήτης; Just., A I, 7, 4 ἵνα ὡς ἄδικος κολάζηται) τί ἔτι κἀγὼ ὡς ἁμαρτωλὸς κρίνομαι; why am I still being condemned as a sinner? Ro 3:7. ὡς σοφὸς ἀρχιτέκτων 1 Cor 3:10. ὡς ἀρτιγέννητα βρέφη as newborn children (in reference to desire for maternal milk) 1 Pt 2:2. μή τις ὑμῶν πασχέτω ὡς φονεύς 4:15a; cp. b, 16.—1:14; 1 Cor 7:25; 2 Cor 6:4; Eph 5:1; Col 3:12; 1 Th 2:4, 7a.—In the oblique cases, genitive (ApcSed 16:2 ὡς νέου αὐτοῦ ἐπαράβλεπον τὰ πταίσματα αὐτοῦ; Just., A I, 14, 4 ὑμέτερον ἔστω ὡς δυνατῶν βασιλέων): τιμίῳ αἵματι ὡς ἀμνοῦ ἀμώμου Χριστοῦ with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish 1 Pt 1:19. δόξαν ὡς μονογενοῦς παρὰ πατρός glory as of an only-begotten son, coming from the Father J 1:14. Cp. Hb 12:27. Dative (Ath. 14, 2 θύουσιν ὡς θεοῖς; 28, 3 πιστεύειν ὡς μυθοποιῷ; Stephan. Byz. s.v. Κυνόσαργες: Ἡρακλεῖ ὡς θεῷ θύων): λαλῆσαι ὑμῖν ὡς πνευματικοῖς 1 Cor 3:1a; cp. bc; 10:15; 2 Cor 6:13; Hb 12:5; 1 Pt 2:13f; 3:7ab; 2 Pt 1:19. Accusative (JosAs 22:8 ἠγάπα αὐτὸν ὡς ἄνδρα προφήτην; Just., A I, 4, 4 τὸ ὄνομα ὡς ἔλεγχον λαμβάνετε; Tat. 27, 1 ὡς ἀθεωτάτους ἡμᾶς ἐκκηρύσσετε; Ath. 16, 4 οὐ προσκυνῶ αὐτὰ ὡς θεοὺς): οὐχ ὡς θεὸν ἐδόξασαν Ro 1:21; 1 Cor 4:14; 8:7; Tit 1:7; Phlm 16; Hb 6:19; 11:9. παρακαλῶ ὡς παροίκους καὶ παρεπιδήμους 1 Pt 2:11 (from the perspective of their conversion experience the recipients of the letter are compared to temporary residents and disenfranchised foreigners, cp. the imagery 1 Pt 1:19 above and s. παρεπίδημος and πάροικος 2).—This is prob. also the place for ὸ̔ ἐὰν ποιῆτε, ἐργάζεσθε ὡς τῷ κυρίῳ whatever you have to do, do it as work for the Lord Col 3:23. Cp. Eph 5:22. εἴ τις λαλεῖ ὡς λόγια θεοῦ if anyone preaches, (let the pers. do so) as if (engaged in proclaiming the) words of God 1 Pt 4:11a; cp. ibid. b; 2 Cor 2:17bc; Eph 6:5, 7.
    β. ὡς w. ptc. gives the reason for an action as one who, because (X., Cyr. 7, 5, 13 κατεγέλων τῆς πολιορκίας ὡς ἔχοντες τὰ ἐπιτήδεια; Appian, Liby. 56 §244 μέμφεσθαι τοῖς θεοῖς ὡς ἐπιβουλεύουσι=as being hostile; Polyaenus 2, 1, 1; 3, 10, 3 ὡς ἔχων=just as if he had; TestAbr B 8 p. 112, 17 [Stone p. 72] ὡς αὐτῷ ὄντι φίλῳ μου (do it for) him [Abraham] as a friend of mine; TestJob 17:5 καθʼ ἡμῶν ὡς τυραννούντων against us as though we were tyrants; ApcMos 23 ὡς νομίζοντες on the assumption that (we would not be discovered); Jos., Ant. 1, 251; Ath. 16, 1 ὁ δὲ κόσμος οὐχ ὡς δεομένου τοῦ θεοῦ γέγονεν; SIG 1168, 35); Paul says: I appealed to the Emperor οὐχ ὡς τοῦ ἔθνους μου ἔχων τι κατηγορεῖν not that I had any charge to bring against my (own) people Ac 28:19 (PCairZen 44, 23 [257 B.C.] οὐχ ὡς μενῶν=not as if it were my purpose to remain there). ὡς foll. by the gen. abs. ὡς τὰ πάντα ἡμῖν τῆς θείας δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ δεδωρημένης because his divine power has granted us everything 2 Pt 1:3. Cp. Dg. 5:16.—Only in isolated instances does ὡς show causal force when used w. a finite verb for, seeing that (PLeid 16, 1, 20; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 17, 2, end, Vit. Auct. 25; Aesop, Fab. 109 P.=148 H.; 111 H-H.: ὡς εὐθέως ἐξελεύσομαι=because; Tetrast. Iamb. 1, 6, 3; Nicetas Eugen. 6, 131 H. Cp. Herodas 10, 3: ὡς=because [with the copula ‘is’ to be supplied]) Mt 6:12 (ὡς καί as Mk 7:37 v.l.; TestDan 3:1 v.l.; the parallel Lk 11:4 has γάρ). AcPlCor 1:6 ὡς οὖν ὁ κύριος ἠλέησεν ἡμᾶς inasmuch as the Lord has shown us mercy (by permitting us). So, more oft., καθώς (q.v. 3).
    γ. ὡς before the predicate acc. or nom. w. certain verbs functions pleonastically and further contributes to the aspect of perspective ὡς προφήτην ἔχουσιν τὸν Ἰωάννην Mt 21:26. Cp. Lk 16:1. λογίζεσθαί τινα ὡς foll. by acc. look upon someone as 1 Cor 4:1; 2 Cor 10:2 (for this pass. s. also c below). Cp. 2 Th 3:15ab; Phil 2:7; Js 2:9.
    ⓑ w. focus on a conclusion existing only in someone’s imagination or based solely on someone’s assertion (PsSol 8:30; Jos., Bell. 3, 346; Just., A I, 27, 5; Mel., P. 58, 422) προσηνέγκατέ μοι τὸν ἄνθρωπον τοῦτον ὡς ἀποστρέφοντα τὸν λαόν, καὶ ἰδοὺ … you have brought this fellow before me as one who (as you claim) is misleading the people, and now … Lk 23:14. τί καυχᾶσαι ὡς μὴ λαβών; why do you boast, as though you (as you think) had not received? 1 Cor 4:7. Cp. Ac 3:12; 23:15, 20; 27:30. ὡς μὴ ἐρχομένου μου as though I were not coming (acc. to their mistaken idea) 1 Cor 4:18. ὡς μελλούσης τῆς πόλεως αἴρεσθαι assuming that the city was being destroyed AcPl Ha 5, 16.
    ⓒ w. focus on what is objectively false or erroneous ἐπιστολὴ ὡς διʼ ἡμῶν a letter (falsely) alleged to be from us 2 Th 2:2a (Diod S 33, 5, 5 ἔπεμψαν ὡς παρὰ τῶν πρεσβευτῶν ἐπιστολήν they sent a letter which purported to come from the emissaries; Diog. L. 10:3 falsified ἐπιστολαὶ ὡς Ἐπικούρου; Just., A, II, 5, 5 ὡς ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ σπορᾷ γενομένους υἱούς). τοὺς λογιζομένους ἡμᾶς ὡς κατὰ σάρκα περιπατοῦντας 2 Cor 10:2 (s. also aγ above). Cp. 11:17; 13:7. Israel wishes to become righteous οὐκ ἐκ πίστεως ἀλλʼ ὡς ἐξ ἔργων not through faith but through deeds (the latter way being objectively wrong) Ro 9:32 (Rdm.2 26f). ὡς ἐκ παραδόσεως ἀγράφου εἰς αὐτὸν ἥκοντα (other matters he recounts) as having reached him through unwritten tradition (Eus. about Papias) Papias (2:11).
    ④ conj., marker of result in connection with indication of purpose=ὥστε so that (Trag., Hdt.+, though nearly always w. the inf.; so also POxy 1040, 11; PFlor 370, 10; Wsd 5:12; TestJob 39:7; ApcMos 38; Jos., Ant. 12, 229; Just., A I, 56, 2; Tat. 12, 2. W. the indic. X., Cyr. 5, 4, 11 οὕτω μοι ἐβοήθησας ὡς σέσῳσμαι; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 8, 7 p. 324, 25f; Jos., Bell. 3, 343; Ath. 15, 3; 22, 2) Hb 3:11; 4:3 (both Ps 94:11). ὡς αὐτὸν καθόλου τὸ φῶς μὴ βλέπειν Papias (3:2) (s. φῶς 1a). ὡς πάντας ἄχθεσθαι (s. ἄχθομαι) AcPl Ha 4, 14. ὡς πάντας … ἀγαλλιᾶσθαι 6, 31 al.
    ⑤ marker of discourse content, that, the fact that after verbs of knowing, saying (even introducing direct discourse: Maximus Tyr. 5:4f), hearing, etc.=ὅτι that (X., An. 1, 3, 5; Menand., Sam. 590 S. [245 Kö.]; Aeneas Tact. 402; 1342; PTebt 10, 6 [119 B.C.]; 1 Km 13:11; EpArist; Philo, Op. M. 9; Jos., Ant. 7, 39; 9, 162; 15, 249 al.; Just., A I, 60, 2; Tat. 39, 2; 41, 1; Ath. 30, 4.—ORiemann, RevPhilol n.s. 6, 1882, 73–75; HKallenberg, RhM n.s. 68, 1913, 465–76; B-D-F §396) ἀναγινώσκειν Mk 12:26 v.l. (for πῶς); Lk 6:4 (w. πῶς as v.l.). μνησθῆναι Lk 24:6 (D ὅσα); cp. 22:61 (=Lat. quomodo, as in ms. c of the Old Itala; cp. Plautus, Poen. 3, 1, 54–56). ἐπίστασθαι (Jos., Ant. 7, 372) Ac 10:28; 20:18b v.l. (for πῶς). εἰδέναι (MAI 37, 1912, 183 [= Kl. T. 110, 81, 10] ἴστε ὡς [131/132 A.D.]) 1 Th 2:11a. μάρτυς ὡς Ro 1:9; Phil 1:8; 1 Th 2:10.—ὡς ὅτι s. ὅτι 5b.
    ⑥ w. numerals, a degree that approximates a point on a scale of extent, about, approximately, nearly (Hdt., Thu. et al.; PAmh 72, 12; PTebt 381, 4 [VSchuman, ClW 28, ’34/35, 95f: pap]; Jos., Ant. 6, 95; Ruth 1:4; 1 Km 14:2; TestJob 31:2; JosAs 1:6) ὡς δισχίλιοι Mk 5:13. Cp. 8:9; Lk 1:56; 8:42; J 1:39; 4:6; 6:10, 19; 19:14, 39; 21:8; Ac 4:4; 5:7, 36; 13:18, 20; 27:37 v.l. (Hemer, Acts 149 n. 140); Rv 8:1.
    ⑦ a relatively high point on a scale involving exclamation, how! (X., Cyr. 1, 3, 2 ὦ μῆτερ, ὡς καλός μοι ὁ πάππος! Himerius, Or. 54 [=Or. 15], 1 ὡς ἡδύ μοι τὸ θέατρον=how pleasant … ! Ps 8:2; 72:1; TestJob 7:12) ὡς ὡραῖοι οἱ πόδες τῶν εὐαγγελιζομένων ἀγαθά Ro 10:15 (cp. Is 52:7). Cp. 11:33. ὡς μεγάλη μοι ἡ σήμερον ἡμέρα GJs 19:2.
    ⑧ temporal conjunction (B-D-F §455, 2; 3; Harnack, SBBerlAk 1908, 392).
    ⓐ w. the aor. when, after (Hom., Hdt. et al.; Diod S 14, 80, 1; pap [POxy 1489, 4 al.]; LXX; TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 6 [Stone p. 62]; JosAs 3:2; ParJer 3:1; ApcMos 22; Jos., Bell. 1, 445b; Just., D. 2, 4; 3, 1) ὡς ἐπλήσθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι Lk 1:23. ὡς ἐγεύσατο ὁ ἀρχιτρίκλινος J 2:9.—Lk 1:41, 44; 2:15, 39; 4:25; 5:4; 7:12; 15:25; 19:5; 22:66; 23:26; J 4:1, 40; 6:12, 16; 7:10; 11:6, 20, 29, 32f; 18:6; 19:33; 21:9; Ac 5:24; 10:7, 25; 13:29; 14:5; 16:10, 15; 17:13; 18:5; 19:21; 21:1, 12; 22:25; 27:1, 27; 28:4. AcPl Ha 3, 20.
    ⓑ w. pres. or impf. while, when, as long as (Menand., Fgm. 538, 2 K. ὡς ὁδοιπορεῖς; Cyrill. Scyth. [VI A.D.] ed. ESchwartz ’39 p. 143, 1; 207, 22 ὡς ἔτι εἰμί=as long as I live) ὡς ὑπάγεις μετὰ τοῦ ἀντιδίκου σου while you are going with your opponent Lk 12:58. ὡς ἐλάλει ἡμῖν, ὡς διήνοιγεν ἡμῖν τὰς γραφάς while he was talking, while he was opening the scriptures to us 24:32.—J 2:23; 8:7; 12:35f ( as long as; cp. ἕως 2a); Ac 1:10; 7:23; 9:23; 10:17; 13:25; 19:9; 21:27; 25:14; Gal 6:10 ( as long as); 2 Cl 8:1; 9:7; IRo 2:2; ISm 9:1 (all four as long as).—ὡς w. impf., and in the next clause the aor. ind. w. the same subject (Diod S 15, 45, 4 ὡς ἐθεώρουν …, συνεστήσαντο ‘when [or ‘as soon as’] they noticed …, they put together [a fleet]’; SIG 1169, 58 ὡς ἐνεκάθευδε, εἶδε ‘while he was sleeping [or ‘when he went to sleep’] [in the temple] he saw [a dream or vision]’) Mt 28:9 v.l.; J 20:11; Ac 8:36; 16:4; 22:11.— Since (Soph., Oed. R. 115; Thu. 4, 90, 3) ὡς τοῦτο γέγονεν Mk 9:21.
    ⓒ ὡς ἄν or ὡς ἐάν w. subjunctive of the time of an event in the future when, as soon as.
    α. ὡς ἄν (Hyperid. 2, 43, 4; Herodas 5, 50; Lucian, Cronosolon 11; PHib 59, 1 [c. 245 B.C.] ὡς ἂν λάβῃς; UPZ 71, 18 [152 B.C.]; PTebt 26, 2. Cp. Witkowski 87; Gen 12:12; Josh 2:14; Is 8:21; Da 3:15 Theod.; Ath. 31, 3 [ἐάν Schwartz]) Ro 15:24; 1 Cor 11:34; Phil 2:23.
    β. ὡς ἐάν (PFay 111, 16 [95/96 A.D.] ὡς ἐὰν βλέπῃς) 1 Cl 12:5f; Hv 3, 8, 9; 3, 13, 2.
    ⓓ w. the superlative ὡς τάχιστα (a bookish usage; s. B-D-F §244, 1; Rob. 669) as quickly as possible Ac 17:15 (s. ταχέως 1c).
    ⑨ a final particle, expressing intention/purpose, with a view to, in order to
    ⓐ w. subjunctive (Hom.+; TestAbr A 4 p. 80, 33 [Stone p. 8]; SibOr 3, 130; Synes., Hymni 3, 44 [NTerzaghi ’39]) ὡς τελειώσω in order that I might finish Ac 20:24 v.l. (s. Mlt. 249).
    ⓑ w. inf. (X.; Arrian [very oft.: ABoehner, De Arriani dicendi genere, diss. Erlangen 1885 p. 56]; PGen 28, 12 [II A.D.]; ZPE 8, ’71, 177: letter of M. Ant. 57, cp. 44–46; 3 Macc 1:2; Joseph.; cp. the use of the opt. Just., D. 2, 3) Lk 9:52. ὡς τελειῶσαι Ac 20:24. ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν Hb 7:9 (s. ἔπος).
    ⓒ used w. prepositions to indicate the direction intended (Soph., Thu., X. [Kühner-G. I 472 note 1]; Polyb. 1, 29, 1; LRadermacher, Philol 60, 1901, 495f) πορεύεσθαι ὡς ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν Ac 17:14 v.l.—WStählin, Symbolon, ’58, 99–104. S. also ὡσάν, ὡσαύτως, ὡσεί 2, ὥσπερ b, ὡσπερεί, ὥστε 2b. DELG. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὡς

  • 123 quello

    1. adj that, pl those
    2. pron that (one), pl those (ones)
    quello che the one that
    tutto quello che all (that), everything (that)
    * * *
    quello agg.dimostr.
    1 that; pl. those: quel ragazzo, quella ragazza, that boy, that girl; quei ragazzi, quelle ragazze, those boys, those girls; con quell'abito non potevo certo andare a teatro, I certainly couldn't go to the theatre in that dress; dammi quei giornali (là), give me those papers (there); chi ha mandato quei bellissimi fiori?, who sent those beautiful flowers?; che cosa fa tutta quella gente?, what are all those people doing?; vedete quella casa laggiù?, can you see that house down there?; quella sera rincasai molto tardi, that evening I got home very late; ha telefonato quel tuo amico, that friend of yours phoned; ho conosciuto quel simpaticone di tuo fratello, I met that nice brother of yours // avevi poi letto quel tal libro?, did you read that book, then? // in quello stesso giorno, on that very day; in quello stesso istante, at that very moment // in quel mentre, ( nel frattempo) meanwhile (o in the meantime) // ehi, quell'uomo!, hey there! // Con uso enfatico: ho preso uno di quegli spaventi, uno spavento di quelli!, I got such a fright!; ha detto tante di quelle sciocchezze!, he talked such rubbish!
    2 ( in espressioni ellittiche): ne ho sentite di quelle!, the things I've heard! // in quel di..., ( nel territorio di) in; ( nelle vicinanze di) in the neighbourhood of (o near); che novità ci sono in quel di Genova?, what's the latest (news) in Genoa?; abita in un paesino in quel di Pavia, he lives in a small village near Pavia
    3 (in funzione di art. det.) the: mi basta quel poco che ho, I'm satisfied with the little I have; non tornò più in quella casa dove aveva passato l'infanzia, he never came back to the house where he had spent his childhood; non era più quello stesso uomo che avevo conosciuto tanti anni prima, he was no longer the same man I had known all those years before
    ◆ pron.dimostr.
    1 that (one): pl. those: ''Chi è quello?'' ''é il nuovo direttore'', ''Who's that?'' ''He's the new manager''; quelle sono le mie amiche, those are my friends; che cos'è quello?, what's that?; non è quello il giornale che volevo, that's not the paper I wanted; dammi questa valigia e prendi quella, give me this suitcase and take that one; qual è la tua penna, questa o quella?, which is your pen, this one or that one?; non mi piacciono questi pantaloni, preferisco quelli, I don't like these trousers, I prefer those // Con uso enfatico: è sempre quello, he's always the same!; buono quello!, (iron.) he's a fine one!; quello ( sì che) è vino!, that's what you call wine; quello ( sì che) sapeva parlare!, ah, there was a man who knew how to speak!; gran giorno fu quello!, that was a great day!
    2 (seguito da un agg. qualificativo, da un'espressione attributiva o da una frase relativa) the one; ( riferito a persona) the person; pl. the ones: ''Qual è il tuo cappotto?'' ''Quello verde'', ''Which is your coat?'' ''The green one''; quello a destra è il preside, the one on the right is the headmaster; quella con gli occhiali è la mia insegnante di matematica, the one with the glasses is my maths teacher; preferisco i vini italiani a quelli francesi, I prefer Italian wines to French ones; portate il libro di storia e quello di geografia, bring your history books and your geography ones as well; questo è proprio quello che cercavo, this is just the one I was looking for; scegliete quelli che vi sembrano migliori, choose the ones that look best // non è più quello di una volta, he is no longer the man he was // quello del latte, the milkman; è venuto quello dell'assicurazione, the insurance man came; quelli del piano di sotto, the people downstairs
    3 (in presenza di un caso poss., in inglese non si traduce): non è la mia casa, è quella di mio fratello, it isn't my house, it's my brother's; non usare la mia auto, usa quella di Giorgio, don't use my car, take George's
    4 (come antecedente di pron. rel.) ( con valore di colui) the man, the one; ( colei) the woman, the one; pl. those, the people; ( con valore di chiunque) whoever, anyone: quello che ha rotto il vetro, dovrà pagarlo, the person who (o whoever) broke the glass will have to pay for it; quelli che desiderano parlare, parlino pure, those who want to speak can do so; quella con cui hai parlato è la direttrice, the woman (o the one) you spoke to is the headmistress
    5 (con valore di pron. pers.) ( egli) he; ( ella) she; ( essi, esse) they: io parlavo, ma quello non mi ascoltava, I was speaking but he wasn't listening to me; e quelli risposero..., and they answered...
    6 ( con valore di ciò) that: quello dimostra che hai torto, that proves you're wrong; in quello non eravamo d'accordo, we didn't agree about that; per quello ho rifiutato, that's why I refused
    7 quello che, ( ciò che) what; tutto quello che, everything (o all) that: quello che ha detto è falso, what he said isn't true; è tutto quello che volevo dirti, that's all I wanted to tell you; dimmi tutto quello che sai, tell me everything you know // per quel che ne so io, for all I know
    8 quello... questo ( per indicare la prima e la seconda di cose o persone già menzionate) the former... the latter: Anna e Sara sono entrambe laureate in lettere; quella è giornalista, questa è insegnante, Anne and Sarah both have arts degrees; the former is a journalist and the latter a teacher
    9 questo... quello (l'uno... l'altro) one... one (o one... the other); (alcuni... altri) some... some (o some... others)
    10 (in frasi comparative, nel significato di quanto): è più tardi di quello che pensassi, it's later than I thought.
    * * *
    ['kwello] quello (-a) davanti a sm quel + consonante, quell'+ vocale, quello + s impura, gn, pn, ps, x, z; pl quei + consonante, quegli + vocale o s impura, gn, pn, ps, x, z; davanti a sf quella + consonante, quell' + vocale; pl quelle
    1. agg dimostr
    1) that, those pl

    mi passi quel libro? — could you pass me that book?

    dove hai comprato quei quadri? — where did you buy those paintings?

    dove metto quello scatolone? — where shall I put that box?

    chi sono quegli uomini? — who are those men?

    2)

    (seguito da proposizione relativa) con quel poco che abbiamo — with what o the little we have

    dov'è quel maglione che mi dicevi? — where's the o that jumper you were telling me about?

    3)

    (enfatico) ho una di quelle paure! — I'm scared stiff!

    ne ha fatte di quelle! — (sciocchezze) he did some really stupid things!

    una di quelle — (euf : prostituta) a working girl

    2. pron dimostr
    1) that (one), those (ones) pl

    quale vuoi? — quello bianco — which do you want? — the white one

    il tuo nome e quello di Roberta — your name and Roberta's

    quello di Giovanna è il voto migliore — Giovanna's is the best mark, Giovanna has the best mark

    chi è quello lì? — who is that (person)?

    2) (egli) he, (ella) she, (essi, esse) they
    3)

    (in proposizione relativa) quello(a) che — (persona) the one (who), (cosa) the one (which) o (that)

    quelli(e) che — (persone) those who, (cose) those which o that

    quello che hai comprato tu è più bello — the one (which) you bought is nicer

    quello che hai visto è il padre — the person o the one you saw is the father

    quella che hai incontrato è la seconda moglie — the one o woman you met is his second wife

    chiedi a quelli che l'hanno conosciuto — ask those who knew him

    4)

    (ciò) quello che — what, (tutto) all (that), everything

    ho detto quello che sapevo — I've told you all I know

    ho fatto quello che potevo — I did what I could

    nega, e quel che è peggio, ci scherza sopra — he denies it, and what is worse, jokes about it

    da quello che ho sentito — from what I've heard

    5)

    (fraseologia) in quel di Milano — in the Milan area o region

    * * *
    ['kwello] 1. aggettivo dimostrativo
    ( quel, quell' [kwel]; pl. quegli ['kweʎʎi], quei ['kwei], quelle ['kwelle]; the form quell' is used only before a vowel; the masculine plural form is quei before a consonant followed by a vowel and before f, p, t, c, v, b, d, g followed by l or r; in all other cases quelli or quegli; today, the plural form quelli is used only when it follows a noun or does not immediately precede it)
    1) that, pl. those

    quel ragazzo, quell'uomo that boy, man; -a finestra that window; -e ragazze those girls; quello stesso giorno that same day; preferisco quel colore a questo I prefer that colour to this one; (seguito da proposizione relativa) chi è quell'uomo che abbiamo incontrato? — who's that man (that) we met?

    2.
    1) that (one), pl. those (ones)

    che cos'è, chi è quello? — what's, who's that?

    "quale delle due?" - "-a (là)" — "which one of the two?" - "that one (over there)"

    sta esagerando, quello lì! — that guy is pushing it a bit!

    i tuoi occhi sono azzurri, -i di tuo fratello sono neri — your eyes are blue, your brother's are dark

    quello del gas — colloq. the gas man

    "quale disco?" - "quello di cui parlavo" — "which record?" - "the one I was talking about"

    7) (ciò) what

    per quel che ne so io — as far as I can tell, for all I know

    io parlavo e quello non mi ascoltava — I was talking and he wasn't listening to me; (lo stesso)

    in quel di Torino — in o around o near Turin

    * * *
    quello
    /'kwello/ ( quel, quell' /kwel/; pl. quegli /'kweλλi/, quei /'kwei/, quelle /'kwelle/
    ; the form quell' is used only before a vowel; the masculine plural form is quei before a consonant followed by a vowel and before f, p, t, c, v, b, d, g followed by l or r; in all other cases quelli or quegli; today, the plural form quelli is used only when it follows a noun or does not immediately precede it)
    v. la nota della voce  questo.
     1 that, pl. those; quel ragazzo, quell'uomo that boy, man; - a finestra that window; - e ragazze those girls; quello stesso giorno that same day; preferisco quel colore a questo I prefer that colour to this one; (seguito da proposizione relativa) chi è quell'uomo che abbiamo incontrato? who's that man (that) we met?
     2 (con valore enfatico) ho uno di quei raffreddori! I've got such a cold! quel pigro di tuo figlio that lazy son of yours
     3 (seguito da possessivo) quel suo modo di fare that manner of his; quel tuo amico that friend of yours
     1 that (one), pl. those (ones); che cos'è, chi è quello? what's, who's that? lo vedi quello? è mio fratello (do you) see that man over there? he o that is my brother; "quale delle due?" - "-a (là)" "which one of the two?" - "that one (over there)"; questo è per noi e quello nell'angolo è per voi this is for us and the one in the corner is for you
     2 colloq. (con valore enfatico) sta esagerando, quello lì! that guy is pushing it a bit! ma guarda -a lì! get her!
     3 (seguito da preposizione) i tuoi occhi sono azzurri, -i di tuo fratello sono neri your eyes are blue, your brother's are dark; il treno del mattino o quello delle 17? the morning train or the 5 o'clock one? le persone che abitano di fianco o -i del primo piano? the people next door or the ones on the first floor? quello del gas colloq. the gas man; - i di Roma the people in Rome
     4 (seguito da proposizione relativa) quale vicina? -a che abita di fronte? which neighbour? the one who lives opposite? tutti -i che sono muniti di tessera all those who have a card; questi libri non sono -i che avevo scelto these books are not the ones I chose; "quale disco?" - "quello di cui parlavo" "which record?" - "the one I was talking about"
     5 (seguito da aggettivo qualificativo) quale vuoi? quello verde? which do you want? the green one? compra -i più piccoli buy the smallest ones
     6 (in un comparativo) è più intelligente di quello che pensavo he's more intelligent than I thought
     7 (ciò) what; fai quello che vuoi do what you want o like; hai tutto quello che ti occorre? do you have everything you need? per quel che mi riguarda as far as I'm concerned; per quel che ne so io as far as I can tell, for all I know
     8 (in espressioni ellittiche) la sai -a del pescatore? have you heard the one about the fisherman?
     9 (con valore di pronome personale) io parlavo e quello non mi ascoltava I was talking and he wasn't listening to me; (lo stesso) è sempre quello he's always the same
     10 in quel di in quel di Torino in o around o near Turin.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > quello

  • 124 normal

    adj.
    normal.
    lleva una vida normal she leads a fairly normal o ordinary life
    este hermano tuyo no es normal there must be something wrong with that brother of yours
    es normal que estés cansado it's hardly surprising that you're tired
    normal y corriente run-of-the-mill
    es una persona normal y corriente he's a perfectly ordinary person
    * * *
    1 (corriente, habitual) normal, usual, average; (lógico) normal, natural
    1 (escuela) teacher training college
    2 (gasolina) two-star petrol, US regular gasoline
    3 (en geometría) perpendicular, normal
    * * *
    adj.
    * * *
    ADJ
    1) (=usual) normal

    -¿es guapo? -no, normal y corriente — "is he handsome?" - "no, just ordinary"

    2) [gasolina] three-star, regular (EEUU)
    3) (Téc) standard; (Mat, Quím) normal
    4)

    Escuela Normal — esp LAm teacher training college

    * * *
    I
    a) (común, usual) normal

    no es normal que haga tanto frío — it's unusual o it isn't normal for it to be so cold

    b) ( sin graves defectos) normal

    esa chica no es normal — (fam) there's something wrong with that girl (colloq)

    II
    adverbio (fam) normally
    III
    a) ( escuela)
    b) ( gasolina) regular gas (AmE), two-star petrol (BrE)
    * * *
    = average, commonplace, common [commoner -comp., commonest -sup.], normal, ordinary, run-of-the-mill, standard, usual, middle-of-the-range, unsophisticated, line + Profesión, received, regular, commonly seen, indistinctive.
    Ex. The average family does have very real information needs, even though these may not be immediately recognized as such.
    Ex. Microfilm and microfiche formats are now commonplace in most libraries.
    Ex. When the cataloguer turns to the description of a piece of music a common problem will be the absence of a title page to be used as the chief source of information.
    Ex. It is normal to make added entries in respect of important editors.
    Ex. Control is exercised over which terms are used, but otherwise the terms are ordinary words.
    Ex. Guides are almost always worth thinking of as the first type of bibliography to search when it is a quick check of run-of-the-mill bibliographical facts which is required.
    Ex. Photographs are normally kept in drawers of standard filing cabinets, with folders or pockets, or both.
    Ex. It had three novel features: relative location, instead of the more usual fixed location.
    Ex. In effect, the book started its life rather more as a light entertainment middle-of-the-range hardback autobiography but popular acclaim turned it into a huge mass-market paperback success.
    Ex. Here is a clear indication of the extent, during the eighteenth century, to which the unsophisticated reader lagged behind his middle class compatriots = Aquí tenemos una clara indicación del grado en el que, durante el siglo dieciocho, el lector normal iba por detrás de sus compatriotas de clase media.
    Ex. In larger libraries, line librarians are also likely to be MLS graduates.
    Ex. It was interesting, in view of the received opinion that 'We don't have many problems round here'.
    Ex. The article 'Filtering software: regular or decaf?' explains that most vendors define filtering software as that which blocks, filters, or monitors Internet use.
    Ex. This typology divides humor comics into commonly seen subject areas, such as teen, kiddie, horror, military, and so on = Esta tipología divide los comics de humor en áreas temáticas conocidas como adolescentes, infantil, terror, militar, etc.
    Ex. This research suggests that people are threatened by categorizations that portray them as too distinctive or too indistinctive.
    ----
    * agua normal = still water.
    * a su precio normal = at full price.
    * ciudadano normal = ordinary citizen, member of the public.
    * como algo normal = as a matter of course.
    * como es normal = as always.
    * convertirse en algo normal = become + standard practice.
    * convertirse en + Nombre + normal = become + standard + Nombre.
    * de extensión normal = standard-length.
    * de la manera normal = in the normal manner.
    * de tamaño normal = full-sized, ordinary sized.
    * día normal = ordinary day.
    * en circunstancias normales = in the course of events, during the course of events, under normal circumstances, in the normal run of things, in the normal run of events.
    * en el curso normal de = in the mainstream of.
    * en el curso normal de las cosas = in the normal run of things, in the normal run of events.
    * en el curso normal de los acontecimientos = in the normal run of events, in the normal run of things.
    * en el transcurso normal de + Posesivo + vida(s) = in the normal course of + Posesivo + life/lives.
    * en situaciones normales = under normal circumstances.
    * fuera del horario normal = out of hours, at odd times.
    * fuera de lo normal = abnormally + Adjetivo, with a difference, unordinary, out of the ordinary.
    * gente normal = ordinary men and women, straight people.
    * gente normal, la = ordinary people, hoi polloi, the.
    * lejía normal = household bleach.
    * lenguaje normal = plain language.
    * letra normal = light type, light face type.
    * lo normal + ser + que = there + be + a tendency (to/for).
    * material de tamaño mayor de lo normal = outsize material.
    * normal, lo = standard practice, the, the normal run of.
    * normal y corriente = unremarkable.
    * parto normal = vaginal delivery.
    * permanecer normal = remain + normal.
    * persona normales = ordinary person.
    * poco normal = unnatural, unordinary, out of the ordinary.
    * por debajo de lo normal = below-normal.
    * por debajo del peso normal = underweight.
    * precio normal = full price.
    * prensa normal, la = broadsheet press, the.
    * sábana normal = flat sheet.
    * seguir con + Posesivo + vida normal = get on with + Posesivo + life.
    * ser algo normal = be a fact of life, become + a common feature, be a part of life.
    * ser lo normal = be the order of the day.
    * ser normal = be the case (with).
    * trabajar a horas fuera de lo normal = work + unsocial hours.
    * un día normal = on a typical day.
    * volver a la vida normal = get (back) into + the swings of things.
    * * *
    I
    a) (común, usual) normal

    no es normal que haga tanto frío — it's unusual o it isn't normal for it to be so cold

    b) ( sin graves defectos) normal

    esa chica no es normal — (fam) there's something wrong with that girl (colloq)

    II
    adverbio (fam) normally
    III
    a) ( escuela)
    b) ( gasolina) regular gas (AmE), two-star petrol (BrE)
    * * *
    = average, commonplace, common [commoner -comp., commonest -sup.], normal, ordinary, run-of-the-mill, standard, usual, middle-of-the-range, unsophisticated, line + Profesión, received, regular, commonly seen, indistinctive.

    Ex: The average family does have very real information needs, even though these may not be immediately recognized as such.

    Ex: Microfilm and microfiche formats are now commonplace in most libraries.
    Ex: When the cataloguer turns to the description of a piece of music a common problem will be the absence of a title page to be used as the chief source of information.
    Ex: It is normal to make added entries in respect of important editors.
    Ex: Control is exercised over which terms are used, but otherwise the terms are ordinary words.
    Ex: Guides are almost always worth thinking of as the first type of bibliography to search when it is a quick check of run-of-the-mill bibliographical facts which is required.
    Ex: Photographs are normally kept in drawers of standard filing cabinets, with folders or pockets, or both.
    Ex: It had three novel features: relative location, instead of the more usual fixed location.
    Ex: In effect, the book started its life rather more as a light entertainment middle-of-the-range hardback autobiography but popular acclaim turned it into a huge mass-market paperback success.
    Ex: Here is a clear indication of the extent, during the eighteenth century, to which the unsophisticated reader lagged behind his middle class compatriots = Aquí tenemos una clara indicación del grado en el que, durante el siglo dieciocho, el lector normal iba por detrás de sus compatriotas de clase media.
    Ex: In larger libraries, line librarians are also likely to be MLS graduates.
    Ex: It was interesting, in view of the received opinion that 'We don't have many problems round here'.
    Ex: The article 'Filtering software: regular or decaf?' explains that most vendors define filtering software as that which blocks, filters, or monitors Internet use.
    Ex: This typology divides humor comics into commonly seen subject areas, such as teen, kiddie, horror, military, and so on = Esta tipología divide los comics de humor en áreas temáticas conocidas como adolescentes, infantil, terror, militar, etc.
    Ex: This research suggests that people are threatened by categorizations that portray them as too distinctive or too indistinctive.
    * agua normal = still water.
    * a su precio normal = at full price.
    * ciudadano normal = ordinary citizen, member of the public.
    * como algo normal = as a matter of course.
    * como es normal = as always.
    * convertirse en algo normal = become + standard practice.
    * convertirse en + Nombre + normal = become + standard + Nombre.
    * de extensión normal = standard-length.
    * de la manera normal = in the normal manner.
    * de tamaño normal = full-sized, ordinary sized.
    * día normal = ordinary day.
    * en circunstancias normales = in the course of events, during the course of events, under normal circumstances, in the normal run of things, in the normal run of events.
    * en el curso normal de = in the mainstream of.
    * en el curso normal de las cosas = in the normal run of things, in the normal run of events.
    * en el curso normal de los acontecimientos = in the normal run of events, in the normal run of things.
    * en el transcurso normal de + Posesivo + vida(s) = in the normal course of + Posesivo + life/lives.
    * en situaciones normales = under normal circumstances.
    * fuera del horario normal = out of hours, at odd times.
    * fuera de lo normal = abnormally + Adjetivo, with a difference, unordinary, out of the ordinary.
    * gente normal = ordinary men and women, straight people.
    * gente normal, la = ordinary people, hoi polloi, the.
    * lejía normal = household bleach.
    * lenguaje normal = plain language.
    * letra normal = light type, light face type.
    * lo normal + ser + que = there + be + a tendency (to/for).
    * material de tamaño mayor de lo normal = outsize material.
    * normal, lo = standard practice, the, the normal run of.
    * normal y corriente = unremarkable.
    * parto normal = vaginal delivery.
    * permanecer normal = remain + normal.
    * persona normales = ordinary person.
    * poco normal = unnatural, unordinary, out of the ordinary.
    * por debajo de lo normal = below-normal.
    * por debajo del peso normal = underweight.
    * precio normal = full price.
    * prensa normal, la = broadsheet press, the.
    * sábana normal = flat sheet.
    * seguir con + Posesivo + vida normal = get on with + Posesivo + life.
    * ser algo normal = be a fact of life, become + a common feature, be a part of life.
    * ser lo normal = be the order of the day.
    * ser normal = be the case (with).
    * trabajar a horas fuera de lo normal = work + unsocial hours.
    * un día normal = on a typical day.
    * volver a la vida normal = get (back) into + the swings of things.

    * * *
    A
    1 (común, usual) normal
    no es normal que siempre estén discutiendo it isn't normal the way they argue all the time
    es una situación muy normal hoy en día it's a very common situation nowadays
    no es normal que haga tanto frío en octubre it's unusual o it isn't normal for it to be so cold in October
    me parece lo más normal del mundo to me it seems the most normal o natural thing in the world
    inteligencia superior a la normal above-average intelligence
    es una chica normalita she's nothing out of the ordinary
    normal y corriente ‹mujer/chico› ordinary;
    ‹jugador› ordinary, run-of-the-mill; ‹libro/vestido› ordinary
    el miedo de una embarazada a que la criatura no sea normal a pregnant woman's fear that her baby will be abnormal
    esa chica no es normal ( fam); there's something wrong with that girl ( colloq)
    B (en geometría) perpendicular, normal
    ( fam); normally
    habla/anda normal he talks/walks quite normally
    cocina normal as a cook she's about average, she cooks averagely well
    A (en geometría) perpendicular, normal
    B
    (escuela): la N normal teacher training college
    C (gasolina) regular grade gasoline ( AmE), regular gas ( AmE), two-star petrol ( BrE)
    * * *

     

    normal adjetivo
    normal;

    hoy en día es muy normal it's very common nowadays;
    no es normal que haga tanto frío it's unusual o it isn't normal for it to be so cold;
    superior a lo normal above-average;
    normal y corriente ordinary
    ■ sustantivo femenino
    a) ( escuela):



    normal adjetivo
    1 normal, usual: no es normal que llueva tanto, it's unusual for it to rain so much
    2 Geom perpendicular
    ' normal' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    conchabarse
    - contrapelo
    - cualquier
    - deterioro
    - extemporánea
    - extemporáneo
    - fenomenal
    - frecuente
    - gasolina
    - larga
    - largo
    - mestizaje
    - natural
    - normalizar
    - normalizarse
    - residencia
    - retener
    - usual
    - cauce
    - común
    - corriente
    - debajo
    - lógico
    - mundo
    - normalidad
    - ordinario
    - seguir
    - top-less
    English:
    bed
    - below
    - dare
    - deviation
    - diet
    - excuse
    - fuck
    - general
    - high
    - late
    - must
    - natural
    - need
    - norm
    - normal
    - ordinary
    - outside
    - par
    - procedure
    - regular
    - saint
    - self
    - shall
    - should
    - standard
    - still
    - two-star petrol
    - unexceptional
    - usual
    - average
    - class
    - common
    - course
    - early
    - herself
    - himself
    - long
    - myself
    - pattern
    - run
    - subnormal
    - teacher
    - themselves
    - under
    - unnatural
    - unusual
    - yourself
    - yourselves
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    1. [natural, regular] normal;
    lleva una vida normal she leads a fairly normal o ordinary life;
    el paciente tiene una temperatura/un pulso normal the patient's temperature/pulse is normal;
    cuando se lo dije se enfadó mucho – ¡normal! he was really cross when I told him – that's hardly surprising!;
    este hermano tuyo no es normal there must be something wrong with that brother of yours;
    es normal que estés cansado it's hardly surprising that you're tired;
    no es normal que llore por una tontería así it's not normal for him to cry over a silly thing like that;
    contiene todo lo que un usuario normal y corriente necesita it contains everything the average user needs;
    es una persona normal y corriente he's a perfectly ordinary person
    2. [gasolina] Br three-star, US regular
    3. Mat perpendicular
    ♦ nf
    [gasolina] Br three-star petrol, US regular gasoline
    ♦ adv
    Fam normally;
    me cuesta mucho caminar normal I find it really hard to walk normally
    * * *
    adj normal
    * * *
    normal adj
    1) : normal, usual
    2) : standard
    3)
    escuela normal : teacher-training college
    * * *
    normal adj
    1. (común, usual) normal
    2. (corriente) ordinary

    Spanish-English dictionary > normal

  • 125 según

    prep.
    1 according to, as per, in accordance with, in pursuance of.
    2 after the fashion of.
    * * *
    1 (conforme) according to
    2 (dependiendo) depending on
    ■ según lo que digan, tomaremos una decisión depending on what they say, we'll make a decision
    3 (como) just as
    5 (tal vez) it depends
    ■ iré o me quedaré, según I'll either go or I'll stay, it depends
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. PREP
    1) (=de acuerdo con) according to

    según lo que dice — from what he says, going by what he says

    según parece — seemingly, apparently

    2) (=depende de) depending on
    2. CONJ
    1) (=depende de) depending on
    2) [indicando manera] as

    según están las cosas, es mejor no intervenir — the way things are, it's better not to get involved

    según se entra, a la izquierda — to the left as you go in

    3) [indicando simultaneidad] as
    3.
    ADV *

    -¿lo vas a comprar? -según — "are you going to buy it?" - "it all depends"

    según y como, según y conforme — it all depends

    * * *
    I
    1) ( de acuerdo con) according to

    según parece... — it would appear o seem (that)...

    según me dijo, piensa quedarse — from what he told me, he intends to stay

    según + subj: según te parezca as you think best; obtendrás distintos resultados según cómo lo hagas you will get different results depending (on) how you do it; ¿me llevas a casa? - según dónde vivas — will you take me home? - (it) depends where you live

    II
    adverbio it depends

    este método puede resultar o no, según — this method may or may not work, it depends

    III
    a) ( a medida que) as
    b) ( en cuanto)

    según llegamos a la ventanilla, pusieron el cartel de cerrado — just as we reached the window they put up the closed sign

    * * *
    = as, as, in the form that, in terms of, in the manner, by, based on, in the words of, along the lines of, judging by, to judge by, in the opinion of, judging from, according to.
    Ex. As the quantity of knowledge expands the need to organise it becomes more pressing.
    Ex. This scheme aims for a more helpful order than the major schemes, by following the groupings of subjects as they are taught in schools.
    Ex. The edition statement is given if stated in the document, in the form that is given in the document.
    Ex. And we have all of the ingredients for the creation of an atmosphere in which the proponents of expediency could couch their arguments in terms of cost effectiveness.
    Ex. One might, for example, speak to a microphone, in the manner described in connection with the speech-controlled typewriter, and thus make his selections.
    Ex. The name to be chosen for the author must be, by rule 40, 'the name by which he is commonly identified, whether it is his real name, or an assumed name, nickname, title of nobility, or other appellation'.
    Ex. Libraries will make judgements based on criteria such as better information resources, quicker answers, and more cost-effective services = Las bibliotecas tomarán decisiones de acuerdo con criterios tales como mejores recursos informativos, rapidez de respuesta y servicios más rentables.
    Ex. The general opinion of Edward Wood seemed to be summed up in the words of one staff member, who said, 'Ed Wood's a prince of a guy'.
    Ex. The author considers the possibility of a shift from libraries to personal information service along the lines of the shift that has occured from public to private transport.
    Ex. The number of titles is expected to double within a relatively short period, judging by the enthusiasm expressed by the publishers.
    Ex. To judge by some of the comments presented here, weeding may function as a homogenizing agent in many public libraries, creating a situation where the product lines (books) offered show little variation from library to library.
    Ex. These bureaucratic organisations contribute to a social malaise, symptomatic, in the opinion of many workers, of a general social crisis which will accelerate in the decades ahead.
    Ex. Judging from the history of warfare and skirmish between the British and the French, I am surprised you are so civil towards each other.
    Ex. The headings will be arranged according to the filing sequence of the notation (for example, alphabetically for letters or numerically for numbers).
    ----
    * actuar según = act on/upon.
    * de pago según el uso = on a pay as you go basis.
    * edificio construido según un plan cúbico = deep building.
    * grupo según edad = age group [age-group].
    * ordenación topográfica según los intereses del lector = reader interest arrangement.
    * salir según lo planeado = go off + as planned.
    * salir según lo previsto = go off + as planned.
    * según cabe suponer = presumably, presumably, supposedly, allegedly.
    * según convenga = as appropriate.
    * según corresponda = as appropriate.
    * según cuenta la leyenda = legend has it that, as legend goes.
    * según el color del cristal con que se mire = in the eye of the beholder.
    * según el contexto = contextually.
    * según el huso horario de Europa Central = CET (Central European Time).
    * según el testimonio de = on the evidence of.
    * según la aplicación de reglas = rule-governed.
    * según la costumbre = according to normal practice.
    * según la estación del año = seasonally.
    * según la información obtenida = output-oriented.
    * según la leyenda = as legend goes, legend has it that.
    * según la opinión de = in the opinion of.
    * según las palabras de = to quote + Nombre de Persona, in the words of.
    * según lo cual = where.
    * según lo planeado = as planned.
    * según lo previsto = on schedule, as planned.
    * según lo que + Pronombre Personal + saber = to + Posesivo + knowledge.
    * según los ingresos = means-tested.
    * según los intereses personales de cada uno = interest-based.
    * según lo ve + Nombre = as seen through the eyes of + Nombre.
    * según mi opinión = to the best of my knowledge.
    * según + Nombre = as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, as per + Nombre, going on + Nombre.
    * según nuestro entender = as far as we know.
    * según parece = apparently, apparently, by the looks of it.
    * según + Posesivo + bolsillo = according to + Posesivo + pocket.
    * según + Posesivo + opinión = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.
    * según + Posesivo + parecer = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.
    * según + Pronombre = Pronombre + understanding + be, in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.
    * según + Pronombre + entender = it + be + Posesivo + understanding, Pronombre + understanding + be.
    * según + Pronombre Personal = in + Posesivo + eyes.
    * según quedó indicado en = as was pointed out in.
    * según sea conveniente = to suit.
    * según sea necesario = as required.
    * según sea pertinente = as applicable.
    * según se cree = reputedly.
    * según se desee = at will.
    * según se dice = reportedly, so the argument goes, reputedly.
    * según se necesite = on demand, on request, at need, as required, as the occasion arises, pro re nata.
    * según surja la ocasión = as the occasion arises.
    * según sus propias condiciones = on + Posesivo + own terms, in + Posesivo + own terms.
    * según sus propias palabras = in + Posesivo + own terms.
    * según una secuencia ordinal = ordinally.
    * según un método prescrito = clerically.
    * según vayan llegando = on a first come first served basis.
    * según yo = in my books.
    * según yo sé = to the best of my knowledge, AFAIK (as far as I know), to my knowledge.
    * * *
    I
    1) ( de acuerdo con) according to

    según parece... — it would appear o seem (that)...

    según me dijo, piensa quedarse — from what he told me, he intends to stay

    según + subj: según te parezca as you think best; obtendrás distintos resultados según cómo lo hagas you will get different results depending (on) how you do it; ¿me llevas a casa? - según dónde vivas — will you take me home? - (it) depends where you live

    II
    adverbio it depends

    este método puede resultar o no, según — this method may or may not work, it depends

    III
    a) ( a medida que) as
    b) ( en cuanto)

    según llegamos a la ventanilla, pusieron el cartel de cerrado — just as we reached the window they put up the closed sign

    * * *
    = as, as, in the form that, in terms of, in the manner, by, based on, in the words of, along the lines of, judging by, to judge by, in the opinion of, judging from, according to.

    Ex: As the quantity of knowledge expands the need to organise it becomes more pressing.

    Ex: This scheme aims for a more helpful order than the major schemes, by following the groupings of subjects as they are taught in schools.
    Ex: The edition statement is given if stated in the document, in the form that is given in the document.
    Ex: And we have all of the ingredients for the creation of an atmosphere in which the proponents of expediency could couch their arguments in terms of cost effectiveness.
    Ex: One might, for example, speak to a microphone, in the manner described in connection with the speech-controlled typewriter, and thus make his selections.
    Ex: The name to be chosen for the author must be, by rule 40, 'the name by which he is commonly identified, whether it is his real name, or an assumed name, nickname, title of nobility, or other appellation'.
    Ex: Libraries will make judgements based on criteria such as better information resources, quicker answers, and more cost-effective services = Las bibliotecas tomarán decisiones de acuerdo con criterios tales como mejores recursos informativos, rapidez de respuesta y servicios más rentables.
    Ex: The general opinion of Edward Wood seemed to be summed up in the words of one staff member, who said, 'Ed Wood's a prince of a guy'.
    Ex: The author considers the possibility of a shift from libraries to personal information service along the lines of the shift that has occured from public to private transport.
    Ex: The number of titles is expected to double within a relatively short period, judging by the enthusiasm expressed by the publishers.
    Ex: To judge by some of the comments presented here, weeding may function as a homogenizing agent in many public libraries, creating a situation where the product lines (books) offered show little variation from library to library.
    Ex: These bureaucratic organisations contribute to a social malaise, symptomatic, in the opinion of many workers, of a general social crisis which will accelerate in the decades ahead.
    Ex: Judging from the history of warfare and skirmish between the British and the French, I am surprised you are so civil towards each other.
    Ex: The headings will be arranged according to the filing sequence of the notation (for example, alphabetically for letters or numerically for numbers).
    * actuar según = act on/upon.
    * de pago según el uso = on a pay as you go basis.
    * edificio construido según un plan cúbico = deep building.
    * grupo según edad = age group [age-group].
    * ordenación topográfica según los intereses del lector = reader interest arrangement.
    * salir según lo planeado = go off + as planned.
    * salir según lo previsto = go off + as planned.
    * según cabe suponer = presumably, presumably, supposedly, allegedly.
    * según convenga = as appropriate.
    * según corresponda = as appropriate.
    * según cuenta la leyenda = legend has it that, as legend goes.
    * según el color del cristal con que se mire = in the eye of the beholder.
    * según el contexto = contextually.
    * según el huso horario de Europa Central = CET (Central European Time).
    * según el testimonio de = on the evidence of.
    * según la aplicación de reglas = rule-governed.
    * según la costumbre = according to normal practice.
    * según la estación del año = seasonally.
    * según la información obtenida = output-oriented.
    * según la leyenda = as legend goes, legend has it that.
    * según la opinión de = in the opinion of.
    * según las palabras de = to quote + Nombre de Persona, in the words of.
    * según lo cual = where.
    * según lo planeado = as planned.
    * según lo previsto = on schedule, as planned.
    * según lo que + Pronombre Personal + saber = to + Posesivo + knowledge.
    * según los ingresos = means-tested.
    * según los intereses personales de cada uno = interest-based.
    * según lo ve + Nombre = as seen through the eyes of + Nombre.
    * según mi opinión = to the best of my knowledge.
    * según + Nombre = as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, as per + Nombre, going on + Nombre.
    * según nuestro entender = as far as we know.
    * según parece = apparently, apparently, by the looks of it.
    * según + Posesivo + bolsillo = according to + Posesivo + pocket.
    * según + Posesivo + opinión = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.
    * según + Posesivo + parecer = in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.
    * según + Pronombre = Pronombre + understanding + be, in + Posesivo + view, in + Posesivo + opinion.
    * según + Pronombre + entender = it + be + Posesivo + understanding, Pronombre + understanding + be.
    * según + Pronombre Personal = in + Posesivo + eyes.
    * según quedó indicado en = as was pointed out in.
    * según sea conveniente = to suit.
    * según sea necesario = as required.
    * según sea pertinente = as applicable.
    * según se cree = reputedly.
    * según se desee = at will.
    * según se dice = reportedly, so the argument goes, reputedly.
    * según se necesite = on demand, on request, at need, as required, as the occasion arises, pro re nata.
    * según surja la ocasión = as the occasion arises.
    * según sus propias condiciones = on + Posesivo + own terms, in + Posesivo + own terms.
    * según sus propias palabras = in + Posesivo + own terms.
    * según una secuencia ordinal = ordinally.
    * según un método prescrito = clerically.
    * según vayan llegando = on a first come first served basis.
    * según yo = in my books.
    * según yo sé = to the best of my knowledge, AFAIK (as far as I know), to my knowledge.

    * * *
    A (de acuerdo con) according to
    según Elena/él according to Elena/him
    el evangelio según San Mateo the Gospel according to St Matthew
    según fuentes autorizadas/nuestros cálculos according to official sources/our calculations
    lo hice según tus indicaciones I did it according to o following your instructions, I followed your instructions
    según parece sus días están contados apparently, its days are numbered o it would appear o seem its days are numbered
    así que está en la India … — según parece … so he's in India … — so it seems o apparently
    según las órdenes que me dieron in accordance with the orders I was given
    según me dijo, piensa quedarse from what he told me, he intends to stay
    B (dependiendo de) según + SUBJ:
    según te parezca as you think best
    obtendrás distintos resultados según cómo lo hagas you will get different results depending (on) how you do it
    ¿me llevas a casa? — según dónde vivas will you take me home? — (it) depends where you live
    iré según y cómo or según y conforme me sienta whether I go or not depends on how I feel
    it depends
    este método puede resultar o no, según this method may or may not work, it depends
    según van entrando as they come in
    2
    (en cuanto): según llegamos a la ventanilla, pusieron el cartel de cerrado just as we reached the window they put up the closed sign
    según llegues sube a verme come up and see me as soon as you arrive
    * * *

     

    según preposición
    1 ( de acuerdo con) according to;

    según parece apparently
    2 ( dependiendo de):

    ¿me llevas a casa? — según dónde vivas will you take me home? — (it) depends where you live
    ■ adverbio
    it depends;
    ◊ puede resultar o no, según it may or may not work, it depends

    ■ conjunción ( a medida que) as;
    según van entrando as they come in
    según
    I preposición
    1 (de acuerdo con) according to
    según mis cálculos, according to my calculations
    2 (en la opinión de) según los metodistas, according to the Methodists
    según tú, María es la mejor, according to you, Maria is the best
    3 (dependiendo de) depending on: el precio varía según el peso, the price varies according to the weight
    4 (por el modo en que) según lo dijo, parecía preocupada, by the way she was speaking, she seemed worried
    II adverbio
    1 (tal como) just as: cóselo según indica el patrón, sew it just as the pattern shows
    2 (a medida que) as: según nos íbamos acercando..., as we were coming closer...

    ' según' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acuerdo
    - cálculo
    - conforme
    - cuchara
    - dispuesta
    - dispuesto
    - previsión
    - tesis
    - última
    - último
    - caso
    - corresponder
    - cual
    - desarrollo
    - dizque
    - entendido
    English:
    according
    - account
    - by
    - customize
    - depend
    - eye
    - from
    - Greenwich Mean Time
    - law
    - merit
    - on
    - performance-related pay
    - plan
    - point
    - pursuant
    - reportedly
    - reputedly
    - seasonally
    - to
    - under
    - wear on
    - accordance
    - apparently
    - comprehensive
    - custom
    - evidently
    - halal
    - record
    - stream
    - whereby
    * * *
    ♦ prep
    1. [de acuerdo con] according to;
    según el ministro, fue un accidente according to the minister, it was an accident;
    según su opinión, ha sido un éxito in her opinion o according to her, it was a success;
    según pone aquí, ahora hay que apretar la tecla de retorno according to what it says here, now you have to press the return key;
    según Nietzsche,… according to Nietzsche,…;
    el Evangelio según San Juan the Gospel according to St John
    2. [dependiendo de] depending on;
    según la hora que sea depending on the time;
    según el tiempo que haga iremos a la montaña depending on what the weather's like, we may go to the mountains;
    según como te vaya en el examen, podemos ir a celebrarlo depending on how you do in the exam, we could go out for a celebration
    ♦ adv
    1. [como] (just) as;
    todo permanecía según lo recordaba everything was just as she remembered it;
    actuó según se le recomendó he did as he had been advised;
    hazlo según creas do as you see fit;
    lo hice según y como o [m5] según y conforme me dijiste I did it exactly o just like you told me;
    según parece, no van a poder venir apparently, they're not going to be able to come
    2. [a medida que] as;
    entrarás en forma según vayas entrenando you'll get fit as you train
    3. [dependiendo]
    según se mire depending on how you look at it;
    ¿te gusta la pasta? – según do you like pasta? – it depends;
    lo intentaré según esté de tiempo I'll try to do it, depending on how much time I have;
    según qué días la clase es muy aburrida some days the class is really boring
    * * *
    I prp according to;
    según él according to him;
    según eso which means;
    según el tiempo depending on the weather;
    según y como, según y conforme vaya depending on how things pan out
    II adv
    1 it depends;
    aceptaré o no, según I might accept, it all depends
    III conj (a medida que)
    :
    la tensión crecía según se acercaba el final the tension mounted as the end approached
    * * *
    según adv
    : it depends
    según y como: it all depends on
    según conj
    1) como, conforme: as, just as
    según lo dejé: just as I left it
    2) : depending on how
    según se vea: depending on how one sees it
    según prep
    1) : according to
    según los rumores: according to the rumors
    2) : depending on
    según los resultados: depending on the results
    * * *
    según1 adv
    1. (dependiendo de) depending on
    2. it depends
    no sé si iré o me quedaré, según I don't know if I'll go or stay, it depends
    según iban entrando, se les daba una copa de cava as they came in, they were given a glass of cava
    según2 prep according to
    según lo previsto according to plan / just as planned

    Spanish-English dictionary > según

  • 126 simple

    adj.
    2 simple (sencillo, tonto).
    3 simple, easy.
    es muy simple, metes la moneda y ya está it's quite simple, all you have to do is insert the coin
    4 mere (mero).
    por simple estupidez through sheer stupidity
    nos basta con su simple palabra his word is enough for us by itself
    no le pedí más que un simple favor all I asked him for was a favor
    5 prime (Mat).
    f. & m.
    simpleton (person).
    * * *
    1 (gen) simple
    2 (único) single, just one
    3 (mero) mere
    4 (persona) simple, simple-minded
    1 simpleton
    1 (tenis) singles plural
    \
    por simple descuido through sheer carelessness
    * * *
    adj.
    1) mere
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=sin adornos) [peinado, objeto] simple; [vestido, decoración] plain
    2) [método] simple, easy, straightforward
    3) [antes de sustantivo] (=mero) mere
    4) [antes de sustantivo] (=corriente) ordinary

    es un simple abogado — he's only o just a solicitor

    5) [persona] (=sin complicaciones) simple; (=crédulo) gullible; pey (=de pocas luces) simple-minded
    6) (Ling, Quím) simple
    7) (Bot) single
    2.
    SMF (=persona) simpleton
    3.
    SMPL pl simples (Tenis) singles; (Bot) simples
    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) (sencillo, fácil) <sistema/procedimiento> simple
    b) (Quím) < sustancia> simple
    c) (Ling) < tiempo> simple
    2) (delante del n) ( mero) simple
    3) ( tonto) simple, simple-minded
    II
    masculino y femenino simpleton
    * * *
    = mere, non-intellectual, pure [pure -comp., purest -sup.], sheer [sheerer -comp., sheerest -sup.], simple [simpler -comp., simplest -sup.], single, straight [straighter -comp., straightest -sup.], straightforward, unadorned, low-key [low key], schematic, simple-minded, uncluttered, unsophisticated, naked, unfussy, uncomplicated, uncomplicatedly, low-keyed, hassle-free, no-brainer.
    Ex. Contextual logic or proximity operators: these are a useful means of searching for more than the mere occurrence of a term; they also permit the searcher to specify the context in which the term should appear in some sense or other.
    Ex. The picture of the self-improvement-oriented readers contrasts sharply with the typical adult user who asks quite non-intellectual questions at the reference desk.
    Ex. The notation used in DC is pure, and numbers.
    Ex. The sheer bulk of the headings and the complexity of references structures is sufficient to confirm that a more systematic approach might prove fruitful.
    Ex. Some simple measures of index effectiveness are introduced here so that it is possible to consider different indexing methods critically.
    Ex. Equally important was the desire to achieve a single text.
    Ex. Thus these indexes contain more entries than a straight KWIC index and are inclined to be relatively bulky.
    Ex. Even in this apparently straightforward situation, complications can arise.
    Ex. Concrete illustrations are always better than unadorned abstract description.
    Ex. Activity is still low key, but will increase when the British Library puts up data bases on its own computer in 1977.
    Ex. None of this is ever as schematic and neatly arranged, step-by-step, as my discussion of it here makes it seem = Nunca nada de esto es tan simple, bien ordenado y secuencial como lo hago parecer.
    Ex. Granted the seemingly simple-minded examples that have been used, such as changing NEGROES to AFRO-AMERICANS and BLACKS, appear fairly straightforward.
    Ex. Google, the search engine, became popular because of its efficiency, simple structure uncluttered by advertising and its non-commercial look and feel.
    Ex. Here is a clear indication of the extent, during the eighteenth century, to which the unsophisticated reader lagged behind his middle class compatriots = Aquí tenemos una clara indicación del grado en el que, durante el siglo dieciocho, el lector normal iba por detrás de sus compatriotas de clase media.
    Ex. Everything in this book is set down without reference to context, or author's intention, or the naked facts and figures, or the difference between one kind of writing and reading and another.
    Ex. Above all the journal wishes to provide research and comment in a form that is easily and quickly understood: a fresh, rigorous, but unfussy, writing style is what is aimed for.
    Ex. It is an example of an uncomplicated but practical and successful artificial intelligence application.
    Ex. Children which lack reading experience should be presented with a sequence of shorter, very directly told, and uncomplicatedly structured books, rather than with denser and more subtle texts.
    Ex. Overall, he provides a low-keyed, lucid account that, with its many-leveled approach, does more than justice to the complex themes it studies.
    Ex. Cooking dry beans in the crockpot makes them relatively hassle-free.
    Ex. Recycling is a no-brainer since it conserves our natural resources and reduces air pollution.
    ----
    * a simple vista = by the naked eye, superficially, on first thought.
    * búsqueda simple = simple search.
    * de una forma simple = in a simple manner.
    * de una manera simple = in a simple manner.
    * hacerle la vida más simple a todos = simplify + life for everyone.
    * interés simple = simple interest.
    * las cosas no son tan simples como parecen = there's more to it than meets the eye.
    * por simple curiosidad = (just) as a mater of interest, just out of interest.
    * simple ciudadano, el = man-on-the-street, man in the street, the.
    * simple mortal = lesser mortal.
    * simple y llanamente = just plain, plainly and simply.
    * tan simple como = with as little ado as.
    * unidad simple = singleton.
    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) (sencillo, fácil) <sistema/procedimiento> simple
    b) (Quím) < sustancia> simple
    c) (Ling) < tiempo> simple
    2) (delante del n) ( mero) simple
    3) ( tonto) simple, simple-minded
    II
    masculino y femenino simpleton
    * * *
    = mere, non-intellectual, pure [pure -comp., purest -sup.], sheer [sheerer -comp., sheerest -sup.], simple [simpler -comp., simplest -sup.], single, straight [straighter -comp., straightest -sup.], straightforward, unadorned, low-key [low key], schematic, simple-minded, uncluttered, unsophisticated, naked, unfussy, uncomplicated, uncomplicatedly, low-keyed, hassle-free, no-brainer.

    Ex: Contextual logic or proximity operators: these are a useful means of searching for more than the mere occurrence of a term; they also permit the searcher to specify the context in which the term should appear in some sense or other.

    Ex: The picture of the self-improvement-oriented readers contrasts sharply with the typical adult user who asks quite non-intellectual questions at the reference desk.
    Ex: The notation used in DC is pure, and numbers.
    Ex: The sheer bulk of the headings and the complexity of references structures is sufficient to confirm that a more systematic approach might prove fruitful.
    Ex: Some simple measures of index effectiveness are introduced here so that it is possible to consider different indexing methods critically.
    Ex: Equally important was the desire to achieve a single text.
    Ex: Thus these indexes contain more entries than a straight KWIC index and are inclined to be relatively bulky.
    Ex: Even in this apparently straightforward situation, complications can arise.
    Ex: Concrete illustrations are always better than unadorned abstract description.
    Ex: Activity is still low key, but will increase when the British Library puts up data bases on its own computer in 1977.
    Ex: None of this is ever as schematic and neatly arranged, step-by-step, as my discussion of it here makes it seem = Nunca nada de esto es tan simple, bien ordenado y secuencial como lo hago parecer.
    Ex: Granted the seemingly simple-minded examples that have been used, such as changing NEGROES to AFRO-AMERICANS and BLACKS, appear fairly straightforward.
    Ex: Google, the search engine, became popular because of its efficiency, simple structure uncluttered by advertising and its non-commercial look and feel.
    Ex: Here is a clear indication of the extent, during the eighteenth century, to which the unsophisticated reader lagged behind his middle class compatriots = Aquí tenemos una clara indicación del grado en el que, durante el siglo dieciocho, el lector normal iba por detrás de sus compatriotas de clase media.
    Ex: Everything in this book is set down without reference to context, or author's intention, or the naked facts and figures, or the difference between one kind of writing and reading and another.
    Ex: Above all the journal wishes to provide research and comment in a form that is easily and quickly understood: a fresh, rigorous, but unfussy, writing style is what is aimed for.
    Ex: It is an example of an uncomplicated but practical and successful artificial intelligence application.
    Ex: Children which lack reading experience should be presented with a sequence of shorter, very directly told, and uncomplicatedly structured books, rather than with denser and more subtle texts.
    Ex: Overall, he provides a low-keyed, lucid account that, with its many-leveled approach, does more than justice to the complex themes it studies.
    Ex: Cooking dry beans in the crockpot makes them relatively hassle-free.
    Ex: Recycling is a no-brainer since it conserves our natural resources and reduces air pollution.
    * a simple vista = by the naked eye, superficially, on first thought.
    * búsqueda simple = simple search.
    * de una forma simple = in a simple manner.
    * de una manera simple = in a simple manner.
    * hacerle la vida más simple a todos = simplify + life for everyone.
    * interés simple = simple interest.
    * las cosas no son tan simples como parecen = there's more to it than meets the eye.
    * por simple curiosidad = (just) as a mater of interest, just out of interest.
    * simple ciudadano, el = man-on-the-street, man in the street, the.
    * simple mortal = lesser mortal.
    * simple y llanamente = just plain, plainly and simply.
    * tan simple como = with as little ado as.
    * unidad simple = singleton.

    * * *
    A
    1 (sencillo, fácil) ‹sistema/procedimiento› simple
    el mecanismo no puede ser más simple the mechanism couldn't be (any) simpler o more straightforward
    la solución es muy simple the solution is very simple
    es una dieta simple pero completa it's a simple but complete diet
    2 ( Quím) ‹sustancia› simple
    3 ( Ling) ‹tiempo› simple
    B ( delante del n) (mero) simple
    un simple error puede causar un accidente a simple mistake can cause an accident
    no es más que un simple resfriado it's just a common cold
    era un simple soldado he was an ordinary soldier
    vista2 (↑ vista (2))
    C (tonto, bobo) simple, simple-minded
    es muy simple, pero buena persona he's rather simple o simple-minded, but he's a nice person
    no seas simple ¿no ves que así no haces nada? don't be silly o ( BrE colloq) daft, can't you see you won't get anywhere like that?
    simpleton
    * * *

     

    simple adjetivo
    1 (sencillo, fácil) simple;
    See also→ llanamente
    2 ( delante del n) ( mero) simple;
    ◊ el simple hecho de … the simple fact of …;

    es un simple resfriado it's just a common cold;
    un simple soldado an ordinary soldier
    3 ( tonto) simple, simple-minded
    ■ sustantivo masculino y femenino
    simpleton
    simple
    I adjetivo
    1 (sencillo) simple: estos ejercicios son muy simples, these exercises are very easy
    una cámara de simple manejo, an easy-to-use camera
    2 Ling Quím (no complejo, no compuesto) simple
    oración simple, simple sentence
    3 (mero, tan solo) mere, pure: somos simples espectadores, we are mere observers
    fue simple casualidad, it was pure coincidence
    pey es un simple secretario, he's just a secretary
    4 (cándido, sin malicia) naive, innocent
    pey (tonto) simple-minded, half-witted, foolish
    II m (ingenuo, inocente) innocent, naive person
    pey (simplón, tonto) simpleton, half-wit
    ' simple' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    babosa
    - baboso
    - bendita
    - bendito
    - boba
    - bobalicón
    - bobalicona
    - bobo
    - borrica
    - borrico
    - clavar
    - compuesta
    - compuesto
    - hincapié
    - idea
    - lila
    - llaneza
    - mayoría
    - pánfila
    - pánfilo
    - pardilla
    - pardillo
    - preferir
    - sencilla
    - sencillo
    - simpleza
    - triste
    - vista
    - hechura
    - llanamente
    - mero
    - pretérito
    - puro
    - ya
    English:
    ago
    - arithmetic
    - dowdy
    - gravestone
    - mere
    - naked
    - plain
    - simple
    - simple interest
    - simple-minded
    - simple-mindedness
    - single-spacing
    - basic
    - simply
    - unsophisticated
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    1. [sencillo, tonto] simple
    2. [fácil] easy, simple;
    es muy simple, metes la moneda y ya está it's quite simple, all you have to do is insert the coin
    3. [sin complicación] simple;
    una decoración simple a simple decoration
    4. [único, sin componentes] single;
    dame una simple razón give me one single reason
    5. [mero]
    es un simple trabajador he's a simple o an ordinary worker;
    no le pedí más que un simple favor I merely asked her a favour;
    nos basta con su simple palabra his word is enough for us by itself;
    por simple estupidez through sheer stupidity
    6. Mat prime
    7. Quím simple
    8. Ling [verbo] simple
    ♦ nmf
    [persona] simpleton
    * * *
    I adj
    1 ( fácil) simple
    2 ( mero) ordinary
    II m/f simpleton
    * * *
    simple adj
    1) sencillo: plain, simple, easy
    2) : pure, mere
    por simple vanidad: out of pure vanity
    3) : simpleminded, foolish
    : fool, simpleton
    * * *
    simple adj
    1. (sencillo) simple
    2. (solamente) just

    Spanish-English dictionary > simple

  • 127 maniera

    f ( modo) way, manner
    ( stile) manner
    maniere pl manners
    * * *
    maniera s.f.
    1 way, manner, fashion: in questa maniera, thus (o in this way); la sua maniera di parlare, the way he speaks; ciascuno lo fa alla sua maniera, everyone does it his own way; è felice alla sua maniera, he is happy in his own way; lasciatemi fare alla mia maniera, let me do it my own way; parlare in maniera sgarbata, to speak rudely; che maniera è questa di rispondere?!, is that the way to answer?!; non è questa la maniera di comportarsi!, that's no way to behave! // è una maniera come un'altra per farti sapere cosa vuole, it's as good a way as any of letting you know what he wants // è una maniera di dire tipica degli abitanti di quella zona, it's a typical expression of the people of that area // in maniera che, so that: fallo in maniera che nessuno se ne accorga, do it so that nobody notices // in una maniera o nell'altra, somehow or other (o by some means or other o by hook or by crook) // in nessuna maniera, on no account (o by no means o in no way) // in ogni maniera, (comunque) anyhow, (a qualunque costo) at any cost // complemento, avverbio di modo o maniera, adverbial phrase, adverb of manner // c'è modo e maniera di trattare una persona, there are better ways to treat a person; non c'è modo o maniera di convincerlo, there is no way to convince him // le celebrazioni del bicentenario sono state davvero fuor di maniera, the bicentennial celebrations were really over the top (o overlavish); la sua reazione è stata senz'altro fuor di maniera, his reaction was certainly over the top (o excessive) // alla maniera veneta, in the Venetian style; vivono alla maniera degli zingari, they live in gipsy fashion (o like gipsies)
    2 pl. (modi, comportamento) manners; manner (sing.), bearing (sing.): persona di buone, cattive maniere, well-mannered, ill-mannered person; che maniere!, what manners!; quell'uomo aveva maniere così dignitose, that man had such a dignified bearing (o manner)
    3 (stile artistico) style, fashion, manner: alla maniera di qlcu., after the fashion (o in the manner) of s.o.; quadro dipinto alla maniera di Raffaello, picture painted in the manner of Raphael; assomiglia al Verdi della prima maniera, it sounds rather like Verdi in his early style // di maniera, mannered, affected: scrittore di maniera, mannered (o affected) writer // maniera grande, Grand Manner.
    * * *
    [ma'njɛra] 1.
    sostantivo femminile
    1) (modo) way, manner

    in una maniera o nell'altra — in one way or another, somehow or other

    usare le -e forti con qcn. — to get tough with sb.

    3) art. style

    è un Picasso ultima maniera — this is a late Picasso, an example of Picasso's later work

    2.
    sostantivo femminile plurale maniere manners

    buone -e — good o nice manners, (good) breeding

    * * *
    maniera
    /ma'njεra/
    I sostantivo f.
     1 (modo) way, manner; in una maniera o nell'altra in one way or another, somehow or other; alla propria maniera in one's own way; in maniera (tale) che so that; in nessuna maniera in no wise
     2 (metodo) - e forti strong-arm tactics; usare le -e forti con qcn. to get tough with sb.; usare le -e dolci to use kid gloves
     3 art. style; alla maniera di Raffaello after (the manner of) Raphael; poesia di maniera mannered poetry; è un Picasso ultima maniera this is a late Picasso, an example of Picasso's later work
    II maniere f.pl.
     manners; buone -e good o nice manners, (good) breeding; non conosce le buone -e he has no manners; che -e! what a way to behave! che cosa sono queste maniera! what manners!

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > maniera

  • 128 ita

    ĭta, adv. [pronom. stem i-; cf. is; Sanscr. itthā; Zend, itha], in the manner specified, in this manner, in this wise, in such a way, so, thus.
    I.
    In gen.
    A.
    Referring to what precedes, as has been said, thus, so:

    des operam ut investiges sitne ita,

    Cic. Att. 12, 17: vidi ego nequam homines, verum te nullum deteriorem. Phil. Ita sum, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 60:

    ita aiunt,

    Ter. And. 1, 2, 21; 3, 3, 18; id. Ad. 5, 5, 7:

    et hercule ita fecit,

    Cic. Cael. 11, 37:

    factum est ita,

    id. Att. 7, 8, 4:

    aiunt enim te ita dictitare,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 64, § 151;

    frequent in phrase: quae cum ita sint,

    since what has been said is true, id. Rosc. Com. 6, 17 init.; so,

    quod cum ita sit,

    id. Caecin. 12, 33:

    quae cum ita essent,

    id. Clu. 34, 94 fin. —
    B.
    To introduce the thought which follows, thus, in the following manner, as follows, in this way:

    in tertio de oratore ita scriptum est, in perpetua, etc.,

    Quint. 9, 1, 25:

    haec ita digerunt: primum... secundum, etc.,

    id. 11, 2, 20:

    ita sciunt procuratores... nullius apud te auctoritatem valere plus quam meam,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 42, 4; id. Tusc. 3, 18, 41:

    ita constitui, fortiter esse agendum,

    id. Clu. 19, 51. —
    C.
    In affirmations, esp. in replies, yes, it is so, just so, true: quid istic tibi negoti est? Dav. Mihin'? Si. Ita, Ter. And. 5, 2, 8:

    an laudationes? ita, inquit Antonius,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 44:

    Davusne? ita,

    Hor. S. 2, 7, 2; so in solemn affirmation: est ita: est, judices, ita, ut dicitur, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 52, § 117:

    et certe ita est,

    id. Att. 9, 13, 2:

    ita est,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 51; Ter. And. 1, 1, 27;

    and in negations: non est ita,

    Cic. Off. 1, 44, § 158; strengthened by other particles of affirmation: as vero, profecto, prorsus, plane;

    ita vero,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 37:

    ita profecto,

    id. Am. 1, 1, 214:

    non est profecto ita, judices,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 121:

    ita prorsus,

    id. Tusc. 2, 27, 67:

    prorsus ita,

    id. Leg. 3, 12, 26:

    ita plane,

    id. Tusc. 1, 7, 13; id. Ac. 2, 35, 113.—
    D.
    In interrogations, esp.
    a.
    Jeeringly, implying an affirmative, = alêthes: itane? really? truly? is it so? itane credis? Ter. And. 2, 3, 25; id. Eun. 5, 8, 28; Cic. Div. 2, 40, 83:

    itane est?

    id. Rosc. Am. 39, 113;

    so with vero or tandem: itane vero? ego non justus?

    Cic. N. D. 2, 4, 11; id. Verr. 2, 5, 30, § 77; id. Div. 1, 13, 23:

    itane tandem?

    id. Clu. 65, 182. —
    b.
    Where surprise or reproach is implied: quid ita? (Gr. ti dai), why so? how is that? what do you mean? accusatis Sex. Roscium. Quid ita? Cic. Rosc. Am. 12, 34; id. N. D. 1, 35, 99; id. Off. 2, 23, 83:

    quid ita passus est Eretriam capi? quid ita tot Thessaliae urbes? Quid ita, etc.,

    Liv. 32, 21, 13; 27, 34, 13; Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 42.
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    In comparisons, so.
    1.
    To point out the resemblance, usually corresponding to ut; sometimes to quasi, quomodo, quemadmodum, quam, tamquam, veluti, qualis, etc., as, like, in the same way as:

    non ita amo ut sani solent homines,

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 38:

    ita ut res sese habet,

    Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 24:

    ita vero, Quirites, ut precamini, eveniat,

    Cic. Phil. 4, 4, 10:

    omnis enim pecunia ita tractatur, ut praeda, a praefectis,

    id. Fam. 2, 17, 7:

    an ita tu's animata, ut qui expers matris imperiis sies?

    Plaut. As. 3, 1, 2:

    ut homost, ita morem geras,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 77:

    ut hirundines... ita falsi amici, etc.,

    Auct. Her. 4, 48, 61:

    tametsi ita de meo facto loquor, quasi ego illud mea voluntate fecerim,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 11, § 29:

    sed prorsus ita, quasi aut reus numquam esset futurus, aut, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 22, § 49; Quint. 9, 4, 87:

    me consulem ita fecistis, quomodo pauci facti sunt,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 1, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 92:

    quemadmodum dicimus non feci furtum, ita, non est hoc furtum,

    Quint. 7, 3, 1:

    non ita variant undae... quam facile mutantur amantes,

    Prop. 3, 5, 11:

    castra in hostico incuriose ita posita, tamquam procul abesset hostis,

    Liv. 8, 38, 2:

    neque enim ita se gessit tamquam rationem aliquando esset redditurus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 22, § 49:

    Alexander ita cupide profectus fuerat, veluti, etc.,

    Just. 12, 2, 1:

    sane ita se habet sacrum, quale apud Homerum quoque est,

    Quint. 1, 5, 67.—
    2.
    Following or followed by ut, to denote that two things are in the same condition or category.
    (α).
    Ut... ita, as... so, just as... so also, alike... and, as well... as: Dolabellam ut Tarsenses, ita Laodiceni multo amentiores ultro arcessierunt, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13, 10:

    Hercules cum ut Eurysthei filios, ita suos configebat sagittis,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89; id. Leg. 2, 2, 5. —
    (β).
    Ut... ita, although... yet:

    ut errare potuisti, sic decipi te non potuisse quis non videt?

    Cic. Fam. 10, 20, 2:

    haec omnia ut invitis, ita non adversantibus patriciis transacta,

    Liv. 3, 55, 15; cf.;

    pleraque Alpium sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt,

    id. 21, 35, 11. —
    (γ).
    Ita ut, just as:

    ita ut occoepi dicere,

    Plaut. Poen. 2, 24; id. Trin. 4, 2, 52:

    ita ut antea demonstravimus,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 76; Cato, R. R. 144, 2.—
    3.
    In oaths, emphatic wishes, solemn assertions, etc., expressed by a comparison:

    ita ille faxit Juppiter,

    Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 51: ita me di ament, non nil timeo, i.e. may they so love me as it is true that, etc., Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 1; 3, 2, 21:

    ita sim felix,

    Prop. 1, 7, 3:

    sollicitat, ita vivam, me tua valetudo,

    Cic. Fam. 16, 20, 1; Verg. A. 9, 208; so, followed by ut, with indic.:

    ita mihi salvā re publicā vobiscum perfrui liceat, ut ego non moveor, etc.,

    Cic. Cat. 4, 6, 11:

    ita me Venus amet, ut ego te numquam sinam, etc.,

    Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 52:

    ita me amabit sancta Saturitas, itaque suo me condecoret cognomine, ut ego vidi,

    id. Capt. 4, 2, 97; by ut, with subj., adding a second wish:

    nam tecum esse, ita mihi omnia quae opto contingant, ut vehementer velim,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 21, 1; for which the abl. absol.: ita incolumi Caesare moriar, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B, 3; for the subj. with ita, the fut. indic.:

    ita te amabit Juppiter, ut tu nescis?

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 31; id. Merc. 4, 4, 22.—
    B.
    To denote a kind or quality, so, such, of this nature, of this kind:

    nam ita est ingenium muliebre,

    Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 3:

    ita est amor: balista ut jacitur,

    id. Trin. 3, 2, 42:

    ita sunt res nostrae,

    Cic. Att. 4, 1, 8:

    ita sunt Persarum mores,

    Plaut. Pers. 4, 2, 25:

    si ita sum, non tam est admirandum regem esse me,

    Cic. Sull. 7, 22; id. Dom. 27, 71:

    ita inquam = hoc dico,

    id. Phil. 14, 5, 12.—
    C.
    To denote an expected or natural consequence, so, thus, accordingly, under these circumstances, in this manner, therefore:

    ita praetorium missum,

    Liv. 21, 54, 3:

    ita Jovis illud sacerdotium per hanc rationem Theomnasto datur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 51 fin.; esp.: ita fit, thus it comes to pass, hence it follows:

    ita fit ut animus de se ipse tum judicet, cum id ipsum, quo judicatur, aegrotet,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 1, 1; id. Off. 1, 28, 101; 1, 45, 160:

    ita fit ut deus ille nusquam prorsus appareat,

    id. N. D. 1, 14, 37; id. Leg. 1, 15, 42; so in an inference, therefore: et deus vester nihil agens; expers virtutis igitur;

    ita ne beatus quidem,

    id. N. D. 1, 40, 110; Suet. Caes. 60; so,

    itaque (= et ita), crassum (caelum) Thebis, itaque pingues Thebani,

    Cic. Fat. 4, 7; id. N. D. 3, 17, 44.—
    D.
    Introducing a limitation or restriction, on the condition, on the assumption, in so far, to such an extent, only in so far, etc., commonly followed by ut:

    et tamen ita probanda est mansuetudo, ut adhibeatur rei publicae causa severitas,

    Cic. Off. 1, 25, 88:

    pax ita convenerat, ut Etruscis Latinisque fluvius Albula finis esset,

    Liv. 1, 3; 24, 29 fin.:

    sed ante omnia ita vos irae indulgere oportet, ut potiorem irā salutem habeatis,

    id. 23, 3; so with tamen:

    longiorem dicturis periodum colligendus est spiritus, ita tamen ut id neque diu neque cum sono faciamus,

    Quint. 11, 3, 53:

    haec ita praetereamus, ut tamen intuentes ac respectantes relinquamus,

    Cic. Sest. 5, 13. —
    E.
    To denote degree, so, to such a degree, so very, so much:

    quod quid ita placuerit iis, non video,

    Quint. 9, 4, 10:

    hoc tibi ita mando, ut dubitem an etiam te rogem, ut pugnes ne intercaletur,

    Cic. Att. 5, 9, 2:

    ita fugavit Samnites, ut, etc.,

    Liv. 8, 36; esp. with adjj.:

    judices ita fortes tamen fuerunt, ut... vel perire maluerint, quam,

    Cic. Att. 1, 16, 5:

    ita sordidus ut se Non umquam servo melius vestiret,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 96:

    ita sunt omnia debilitata,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 5, 2; so with negatives: non (haud, nec, etc.) ita, not very, not especially:

    non ita magna mercede,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 3:

    non ita lato interjecto mari,

    id. Or. 8, 25:

    non ita antiqua,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 109:

    accessione utuntur non ita probabili,

    id. Fin. 2, 13, 42:

    haec nunc enucleare non ita necesse est,

    id. Tusc. 5, 8, 23:

    non ita multum provectus,

    id. Phil. 1, 3, 7:

    post, neque ita multo,

    Nep. Cim. 3, 4; id. Pel. 2, 4; id. Phoc. 2, 5.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ita

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