in+someone

ἀφίημι (Hom.+) pres. act. ind. 2 sg. ἀφεῖς (Rob. 315; W-S. §14, 16; M-M.) and ἀφίεις (ApcSed 12:4 p. 135, 14 Ja.), 3 sg. ἀφίησιν (TestSim 3:2) and ἀφίει (TestJud 18:3); 1 pl. ἀφίομεν (ἀφίεμεν v.l.; B-D-F §94, 3) Lk 11:4; 3 pl. ἀφίουσιν Rv 11:9. Impf. 2 sg. ἠφίεις Sus 53 LXX, 3 sg. ἤφιε (B-D-F §69, 1); ptc. ἀφίοντες Hs 8, 6, 5. Fut. ἀφήσω. 1 aor. ἀφῆκα, 2 sg. ἀφῆκες Rv 2:4 (W-H.; B-D-F §83, 2); impv. ἄφησον ApcEsdr 1:3 p. 24, 8 Tdf.; 2 aor. impv. ἄφες (as אֲפֶס in rabb.), ἄφετε; subj. ἀφῶ, 2 pl. ἀφῆτε; inf. ἀφεῖναι Mt 23:23 v.l.; Lk 5:21; ptc. ἀφείς. Mid. aor. impv. 2 sg. ἄφησαι (TestAbr A 20 p. 102, 29 [Stone p. 52]). Pass.: pres. ἀφίεμαι, 3 pl. ἀφίονται Mt 9:2 D; fut. ἀφεθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἀφέθην, 3 sg. ἀφείθη Just. D. 141, 3; pf. 3 pl. ἀφέωνται Mt 9:2 v.l.; Mk 2:5 v.l.; Lk 5:20, 23; 7:48; J 20:23; 1J 2:12 (B-D-F §97, 3); impv. 3 sg. ἀφείσθω Ath. 2:4. Gener., to cause someone or someth. to undergo separation.

① to dismiss or release someone or someth. from a place or one’s presence

ⓐ w. personal obj. let go, send away (X., Cyr. 1, 2, 8; Polyb. 33, 1, 6; Tob 10:5; Sir 27:19; Jos., Ant. 16, 135 τ. ἐκκλησίαν) crowds Mt 13:36; Mk 4:36; 8:13 (mng. 3a is also prob.).

ⓑ w. impers. obj. give up, emit obj. τὸ πνεῦμα give up one’s spirit Mt 27:50 (cp. ἀ. τ. ψυχήν Hdt. 4, 190 and oft. in Gk. lit.; Gen 35:18; 1 Esdr 4:21; Jos., Ant. 1, 218; 14, 369 al.). φωνὴν μεγάλην utter a loud cry Mk 15:37 (φων. ἀ. Hdt. et al.; Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 68 §279; Epict. 2, 22, 12 al.; Gen 45:2; Philo, Sacr. Abel. 34; Jos., Bell. 4, 170, Ant. 8, 325, Vi. 158).

ⓒ in a legal sense divorce γυναῖκα (Hdt. 5, 39) 1 Cor 7:11ff.—Lit.—LEpstein, Marriage Law in the Bible and the Talmud ’42; MHumbert, Le remariage à Rome ’72; CPréaux, in La Femme I, ’79, 161–65 [Hellen. period]; JMurphy-O’Connor, JBL 100, ’81, ’601–6; JMoiser, JSNT 18, ’83, 103–22.

② to release from legal or moral obligation or consequence, cancel, remit, pardon τὸ δάνειον the loan Mt 18:27 (OGI 90, 12; PGrenf I, 26, 9; Dt 15:2). ὀφειλήν a debt vs. 32 (cp. 1 Macc 15:8 πᾶν ὀφείλημα βασιλικὸν ἀ.). Also of remission of the guilt (debt) of sin (Hdt. 6, 30 ἀπῆκέ τʼ ἂν αὐτῷ τὴν αἰτίην; 8, 140, 2; Lysias 20, 34 ἀφιέντας τ. τῶν πατέρων ἁμαρτίας; Herodas 5, 26 ἄφες μοι τὴν ἁμαρτίην ταύτην; 38, 72f; 1 Macc 13:39.—In another construction Diod S 9, 31, 4 Κῦρος αὐτὸν ἀφίησι τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων=absolves him of his misdeeds), in OT and NT predom. in sense of divine forgiveness. W. dat. of pers. and acc. of thing: ὀφειλήματα remit, forgive debts (Appian, Ital. 9 §1 ἠφίει τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ χρήσταις τὰ ὀφλήματα) Mt 6:12a; cp. b (s. Sir 28:2 and ὡς 3aβ; FFensham, The Legal Background of Mt 6:12: NovT 4, ’60, 1f [Deut 15:2 LXX]; on the text FBurkitt, ‘As we have forgiven’ Mt 6:12: JTS 33, ’32, 253–55); forgive ἁμαρτίας (Ex 32:32; Num 14:19; Job 42:10 al.; Jos., Ant. 6, 92) Lk 11:4; 1J 1:9. παραπτώματα Mt 6:14f; Mk 11:25; vs. 26 v.l. Pass. (Lev 4:20; 19:22; Is 22:14; 33:24 al.) ἁμαρτίαι Lk 5:20, 23; 7:47b; 1J 2:12; 1 Cl 50:5; Hv 2, 2, 4; Hs 7:4; PtK 3 p. 15, 12; ἁμαρτήματα Mk 3:28 (s. GDalman, Jesus-Jeshua [Eng. tr. PLevertoff 1929], 195–97; JWilliams, NTS 12, ’65, 75–77); PtK 3 p. 15, 27; cp. Mt 12:31f. W. dat. of pers. only Mt 18:21, 35; Lk 17:3f; 23:34 (ELohse, Märtyrer u. Gottesknecht, Exkurs: Lk 23:34, ’55). Pass. (Lev 4:26, 31, 35; Num 15:25f al.) Lk 12:10; Js 5:15.—J 20:23b (s. JMantey, JBL 58, ’39, 243–49 and HCadbury ibid. 251–54). W. impers. obj. only Mt 9:6; Mk 2:7, 10; Lk 5:21, 24; 7:49; J 20:23. Pass. Mt 9:2, 5; Mk 2:5, 9 (s. HBranscomb, JBL 53, ’34, 53–60; B-D-F §320); Lk 7:47f. ἀνομίαι Ro 4:7; 1 Cl 50:6 (both Ps 31:1). Abs. ἀφίετε 1 Cl 13:2.

③ to move away, w. implication of causing a separation, leave, depart from

ⓐ lit. of pers. or physical things as obj. (PGrenf I, 1, 16; BGU 814, 16; 18) Mt 4:11; 8:15; 26:44; Mk 1:20, 31; 12:12; Lk 4:39. The spirit left the possessed man 9:42 D; abandon (Soph., Phil. 486; Hyperid. 5, 32; X., Hell. 6, 4, 5) Mt 26:56; Mk 14:50.—W. impers. obj. (PFay 112, 13; Jer 12:7; Eccl 10:4; 1 Esdr 4:50): J 10:12; house Mk 13:34; cp. Mt 23:38; Lk 13:35 (Diod S 17, 41, 7: Apollo appears and explains that he would leave Tyre, which is doomed to destruction); Judaea J 4:3 (Jos., Ant. 2, 335 τ. Αἴγυπτον); the way Hv 3, 7, 1; everything Mt 19:27, 29; 10:28f; Lk 5:11; 18:28f.

ⓑ fig. of impers. obj. give up, abandon (Aeschyl., Prom. 317 ὀργάς; Arrian, Anab. 1, 10, 6; Jos., Ant. 9, 264 ἀ. τ. ἄρτι βίον) τὴν πρώτην ἀγάπην Rv 2:4; τ. φυσικὴν χρῆσιν Ro 1:27; leave (behind) to go on to someth. else (in orators; Plut., Mor. 793a; Epict. 4, 1, 15 al.) τὸν τῆς ἀρχῆς τοῦ Χρ. λόγον Hb 6:1; neglect (Diod S 1, 39, 11; POxy 1067, 5) also omit (Diod S 8, 12, 11) τὰ βαρύτερα τοῦ νόμου what is more important in the law Mt 23:23; τὴν ἐντολήν Mk 7:8 (Hyperid. 5, 22 νόμον).

④ to have someth. continue or remain in a place. Leave standing/lying (without concerning oneself further about it as, in a way, Diod S 5, 35, 3 a fire without putting it out) αὐτόν Mt 22:22; τὰ δίκτυα 4:20; Mk 1:18; ἐκεῖ τὸ δῶρον Mt 5:24; cp. 18:12; J 4:28; ἡμιθανῆ half dead Lk 10:30 (cp. Jdth 6:13).— Leave (behind) w. pers. obj. (2 Km 15:16; 3 Km 19:3; Tob 11:2) as orphans J 14:18 (Epict. 3, 24, 14; Jos., Ant. 12, 387). τινὰ μόνον 8:29; 16:32.—τινί τι ἀ. let someone have someth. (cp. Jos., Ant. 7, 274 τ. υἱὸν ἄφες μοι) Mt 5:40. W. acc. only τέκνον, σπέρμα Mk 12:19ff; vs. 21 v.l. τινί τι leave, give (Eccl 2:18; Ps 16:14); Mt 22:25; εἰρήνην ἀφίημι ὑμῖν I leave you peace (cp. Diod S 25, 16 τὸν πόλεμον ἀφίημι=I leave [you] war) J 14:27; leave (over, remaining) (Da 4:15) Hb 2:8.—Pass. be left, remain (Da 4:26) οὐ μὴ ἀφεθῇ λίθος ἐπὶ λίθον not a stone will be left on another Mt 24:2; Mk 13:2; cp. Lk 21:6 (on the hyperbole cp. Reader, Polemo p. 338).

⑤ to convey a sense of distancing through an allowable margin of freedom, leave it to someone to do something, let, let go, allow, tolerate

ⓐ w. acc. (Arrian, Anab. 1, 25, 2; Himerius, Or. [Ecl.] 4, 1; 4 Km 4:27; PsSol 17:9) Mt 15:14; Mk 5:19; 11:6; 14:6; Lk 13:8; Ac 5:38. ἀφεῖς τ. γυναῖκα Ἰεζάβελ you tolerate the woman Jezebel Rv 2:20. ἐὰν ἀφῶμεν αὐτὸν οὕτως if we let him go on like this (i.e. doing miracles) J 11:48.—Related types of usage allow, let, permit, leave w. double acc. οὐκ ἀμάρτυρον αὐτὸν ἀφῆκεν God has not left himself without a witness Ac 14:17 (cp. Soph., Oed. Col. 1279 ἀ. τινὰ ἄτιμον; PFay 112, 13; POxy 494, 5f ἐλεύθερα ἀφίημι δοῦλά μου σώματα; 1 Macc 1:48). W. acc. and inf. (BGU 23, 7; POxy 121, 15; Ex 12:23; Num 22:13; PsSol 17:27) Mt 8:22; 13:30; 19:14; 23:13; Mk 1:34; 7:12, 27; 10:14; Lk 8:51; 9:60; 12:39; 18:16; J 11:44; 18:8; Rv 11:9; Hv 1, 3, 1; 3, 1, 8; Hs 9, 11, 6. W. ἵνα foll. Mk 11:16.

ⓑ The imperatives ἄφες, ἄφετε are used w. the subjunctive esp. in the first pers. (this is the source of Mod. Gk. ἄς; B-D-F §364, 1 and 2; Rob. 931f) ἄφες ἐκβάλω τὸ κάρφος let me take out the speck Mt 7:4; Lk 6:42 (cp. Epict. 4, 1, 132 ἄφες σκέψωμαι; POxy 413, 184 [II 1d] ἄφες ἐγὼ αὐτὸν θρηνήσω). ἄφες (ἄφετε) ἴδωμεν let us see Mt 27:49; Mk 15:36 (cp. Epict. 3, 12, 15 ἄφες ἴδω). It is also used w. the third pers. (Epict. 1, 15, 7 ἄφες ἀνθήσῃ). And w. ἵνα in a colloquially expressed sentence ἄφες αὐτήν, ἵνα τηρήσῃ αὐτό let her be, so that she can keep it for the day of my burial J 12:7. (The usage Epict. 4, 13, 19 ἄφες οὖν, ἵνα κἀγὼ ταὐτὰ ὑπολάβω is not strictly parallel, for the impv. is not followed by a pronoun. The rendering let her keep it [s. Mlt. 175f] treats ἄφες as an auxiliary. NRSV’s addition, ‘She bought it’, is unnecessary.) The second pers. is rare ἄφες ἴδῃς Hs 8, 1, 4 acc. to PMich. Abs. let it be so, let it go (Chariton 4, 3, 6) Mt 3:15; GEb 18, 40 (w. ὅτι foll.=‘for’).—B. 768; 839; 1174. DELG s.v. ἵημι. M-M. TW. Sv.

ἁρπάζω fut. ἁρπάσω J 10:28; 1 aor. ἥρπασα; pf. 3 sg. ἥρπακεν Hos 6:1. Mid.: fut. ἁρπῶμαι LXX. Pass.: 2 fut. ἁρπαγήσομαι 1 Th 4:17; 1 aor. ἡρπάσθην Rv 12:5 (cp. Jos., Bell. 2, 69); 2 aor. ἡρπάγην 2 Cor 12:2, 4; Wsd 4:11 (Jos., Ant. 6, 14; 12, 144; B-D-F §71, 2) (s. ἁρπαγή; Hom.+) ‘snatch, seize’, i.e. take suddenly and vehemently, or take away in the sense of

① to make off w. someone’s property by attacking or seizing, steal, carry off, drag away (so mostly LXX; En 102:9) τὶ someth. of wild animals (Gen 37:33; Ps 7:3; JosAs 12:10) J 10:12 (X., Mem. 2, 7, 14); 1 Cl 35:11 (Ps 49:22). Of thieving people (SIG 1168, 111 [IV B.C.]; TestJob 18:1; Jos., Ant. 20, 214) τὰ σκεύη his property Mt 12:29. τὰ ἀλλότρια other people’s property B 10:4.

② to grab or seize suddenly so as to remove or gain control, snatch/take away

ⓐ forcefully τινά someone (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 113 §474; Polyaenus 8, 34; Ps.-Apollod. 1, 5, 1, 1 of Persephone; Ps.-Callisth. 1, 24, 3; Judg 21:21; TestJob 39:1) ἁ. αὐτόν take him away J 6:15 (cp. Jos., Bell. 4, 259, Ant. 19, 162; Philogonius, who ἐκ μέσης τ. ἀγορᾶς ἁρπασθείς was made a bishop [Chrysost. I p. 495d Montf.]; AcThom 165 [Aa II/2, 278, 5]); Ac 23:25 v.l. Of an arrest ἁ. τινὰ ἐκ μέσου αὐτῶν take someone away fr. among them Ac 23:10. Of seed already sown tear out Mt 13:19. ἁ. ἐκ τ. χειρός snatch fr. the hand (cp. 2 Km 23:21) J 10:28f; Hv 2, 1, 4. Of rescue from threatening danger (JosAs 12:8): ἐκ τοῦ πυρὸς ἁ. snatch fr. the fire Jd 23.

ⓑ in such a way that no resistance is offered (Herodian 1, 11, 5; Quint. Smyrn. 11, 291 [Aphrodite ‘snatches away’ Aeneas, who is in danger]; Wsd 4:11; ApcEsdr 5:7; ApcMos 37 εἰς τὴν Ἀχερουσίαν λίμνην; cp. ViEzk 15 [p. 75, 14 Sch.]; cp. Jos., Ant. 7, 113), esp. of the πνεῦμα κυρίου, which carries someone away Ac 8:39 (v.l. has ἄγγελος κυρίου.—On the word πνεῦμα, which can signify either ‘spirit’ or ‘wind’, cp. Apollon. Rhod. 3, 1114, where ἀναρπάζειν is used of winds which transport a person from one place to another far away). Pass. ἁρπαγῆναι ἕως τρίτου οὐρανοῦ be caught up to the third heaven 2 Cor 12:2 (Hesych. Miles. [VI A.D.], Vir. Ill. c. 66 JFlach [1880]: Tribonian, a polytheist, says of Emperor Justinian ὅτι οὐκ ἀποθανεῖται, ἀλλὰ μετὰ σαρκὸς εἰς οὐρανοὺς ἁρπαγήσεται); ἁ. εἰς τ. παράδεισον vs. 4; ἁ. ἐν νεφέλαις εἰς ἀέρα 1 Th 4:17; ἁ. πρὸς τ. θεόν Rv 12:5.—The mng. of ἁ. τὴν βασιλείαν τ. οὐρανῶν Mt 11:12 is difficult to determine; ἁ. beside βιάζειν (as Plut., Mor. 203c et al.; s. HAlmqvist, Plut. u. d. NT, ’46, 38; 117f; s. βιάζω 1a) prob. means someth. like seize or claim for oneself (cp. X., An. 6, 5, 18; 6, 6, 6; Epict. 4, 7, 22; Plut., Mor. 81c; Iren. 1, 16, 2 [Harv. I 161, 9]; s. WKnox, HTR 41, ’48, 237). Another possibility is plunder (Libanius, Or. 1 p. 147, 4 F. κώμας ἁ.; Polyaenus 8, 11 τ. πόλεως ἁρπαγή=plundering of the city).—Finally ἁ. τι grasp something quickly, eagerly, with desire (Musonius in Stob. 3, 7, 23 [III 315, 4 H.] ἅρπαζε τὸ καλῶς ἀποθνῄσκειν; Aelian, NA 2, 50; Libanius, Declam. 4, 81 vol. V 281, 16 F. ἁ. τὴν δωρεάν).—B. 744. DELG. EDNT. M-M. TW. Sv.

ἐκβάλλω fut. ἐκβαλῶ; 2 aor. ἐξέβαλον; plpf. ἐκβεβλήκειν Mk 16:9. Pass.: 1 fut. ἐκβληθήσομαι; aor. ἐξεβλήθην; pf. 3 sg. ἐκβέβληται (Just.), ptc. ἐκβεβλημένος (Hom.+) gener. ‘to throw out’, then

① force to leave, drive out, expel, τινά (SIG 1109, 95; PTebt 105, 31; Gen 3:24 al.; Jos., Bell. 1, 31, Ant. 1, 58) Mt 21:12 (Chariton 3, 2, 12 πάντας ἐ. fr. the temple of Aphrodite; Lysimachus: 621 Fgm. 1, 306 Jac. [in Jos., C. Ap. 1, 306] God demands that the Egyptian king ἐκβάλλειν ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν those who are unclean; CRoth, Cleansing of the Temple and Zech 14:21: NovTest 4, ’60, 174–81; for lit. on Jesus’ action s. DSeeley, CBQ 55, ’93, 263 n. 1); Mk 1:12 is perh. to be understood in this sense, cp. Gen 3:24, but s. 2 below; Mk 5:40; 11:15; Lk 19:45; 20:12. Pass. Mt 9:25; Hs 1, 4; 9, 14, 2. τινὰ or τὶ ἔκ τινος (Dio Chrys. 49 [66], 3; SIG 317, 12; PLond III, 887, 6 p. 1 [III B.C.]; PMagd 12, 11=PEnteux 54, 11; Ex 6:1; Num 22:6 al.; Philo, Cher. 10) J 2:15; Hs 8, 7, 5. ἀπό τινος (Ex 23:31; Num 22:11; 2 Ch 11:16; Philo, Det. Pot. Ins. 163; Jos., Ant. 13, 352; Just., D. 92, 2 ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰερουσαλήμ) Ac 13:50. ἔξω τινός out of someth. (Lev 14:40; 1 Macc 13:47 v.l.): a city (Hyperid. 5:31) Lk 4:29; Ac 7:58; cp. Hs 1:6; ἐ. ἔξω (without amplification as 2 Ch 29:16) J 6:37; 9:34f (s. below); Ac 9:40. Pass. Lk 13:28; J 12:31 (βάλλω P⁶⁶ et al.). W. the destination given ἐ. εἴς τι drive someone out into someth. (Dt 29:27; 2 Ch 29:16; Jer 22:28; Mel., P. 48): into the darkness outside (cp. En 10:4) Mt 8:12; 22:13; 25:30.—From a vineyard Mt 21:39; Mk 12:8; Lk 20:15; in these three passages throw out, toss out is prob. meant.—Mid., throw someth. overboard to save oneself: Ac 27:38 grain (the act. in this sense Diod S 3, 40, 5; τὰ ὑπάρχοντα En 101:5; Jos., Bell. 1, 280).—Used esp. of the expulsion of spirits who have taken possession of a pers. (Jos., Ant. 6, 211; Just. A II, 10, 6 δαίμονας … ἐκβαλὼν τῆς πολιτείας; PGM 4, 1227 πρᾶξις γενναία ἐκβάλλουσα δαίμονας; 1252; 1254) Mt 8:31; 9:33f; 10:1, 8; 12:26; 17:19; Mk 1:34, 39, 43; 3:15, 23; 6:13; 7:26 (ἔκ τινος); 9:18, 28; 16:9 (παρά τινος); Lk 9:40; 11:14; 13:32. W. the means given (Lucian-Epigr. in Anth. Pal. 11, 427 δαίμονα ἐ. δυνάμει) τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι by your name Mt 7:22. λόγῳ with a word 8:16. For this ἔν τινι by someone or someth. by the ruler of the evil spirits 9:34; Mk 3:22; by Beelzebul Mt 12:24, 27; Lk 11:15, 18f; by the name of Jesus Mk 9:38; 16:17; Lk 9:49; by the finger of God Lk 11:20; cp. vs. 19; ἐν πνεύματι θεοῦ Mt 12:28.—GSterling, Jesus as Exorcist: CBQ 55, ’93, 467–93.— Expel someone fr. a group, repudiate someone (Pherecyd. 83 Zeus expels insolent deities) a servant girl Gal 4:30 (Gen 21:10); a wife (Demosth. 59, 63; 83; Diod S 12, 18, 1; BGU 1050, 15; PGiss 2, 23; Lev 21:7; Pr 18:22a; Sir 7:26; Jos., Ant. 16, 215; 17, 78) Agr 18; ἐκ τ. ἐκκλησίας ἐ. 3J 10 (cp. POxy 104, 17; Jos., Bell. 2, 143). Vss. J 9:34f, referred to above, prob. belong here too, since the Johannine love of multiple meaning has combined the mngs. drive out of the audience-room and expel from the synagogue.—Idiom: λόγους ἐ. εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω cast words behind oneself=pay no attention to them 1 Cl 35:8 (Ps 49:17); ἐ. τὸ ὄνομα disdain, spurn the name Lk 6:22 (cp. Pla., Crito 46b and Rep. 2, 377c; Soph., Oed. Col. 636; 646); difft., Wlh. ad loc.; s. Black, An Aramaic Approach³, ’67, 135f, w. special ref. to Dt 22:14, 19.

② to cause to go or remove from a position (without force), send out/away, release, bring out (PRyl 80, 1 [I A.D.] ἐκβάλετε … ὑδροφύλακας; 1 Macc 12:27) workers Mt 9:38; Lk 10:2 (cp. PMich 618, 15f [II A.D.]); send away Js 2:25; release Ac 16:37; lead out (Μαρτύριον τῆς ἁγ. Αἰκατερίνας 18 p. 17 Viteau: ἐκέλευσεν ὁ βας. ἐκβληθῆναι αὐτὴν ἐκ τ. φυλακῆς; Theophanes, Chron. 388, 28) Mk 1:12 (but s. 1 above); bring out of sheep J 10:4 (cp. Hs 6, 2, 6; Longus 3, 33, 2 προσέβαλλε ταῖς μητράσι τοὺς ἄρνας; BGU 597, 4 ἵνα βάλῃ τὸν μόσχον πρὸ τ. προβάτων).

③ to cause someth. to be removed from someth., take out, remove (1 Macc 13:48; Diosc. 1, 50; s. Rydbeck 155–58; 184) a beam or splinter ἐκ τ. ὀφθαλμοῦ Mt 7:4f; Lk 6:42; Ox 1 verso, 2 (ASyn. 68, 44) (cp. GTh 26; Aesop. p. 28 Ursing ἐκβάλλεις ἄκανθα[ν] ἐκ ποδῶν μου); bring out τὶ someth. (Horapollo 2, 105; TestAbr A 6, p. 83, 23 [Stone p. 14] ἐκ τοῦ κόλπου ‘[pearls] out of the purse’) ἐκ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ θησαυροῦ ἐ. τὰ ἀγαθά out of the good treasure (=the tr. of the good) that which is good Mt 12:35; 13:52; take out a sum of money Lk 10:35. Of an eye, tear out and throw away Mk 9:47 (Syntipas p. 101, 2; cp. La 3:16 ἐ. ὀδόντας). Of material in the body (Ps.-Plut., Hom. 205; schol. on Nicander, Alexiph. 485; cp. Ps.-Aristot., Mirabilia 6 οἱ κυνηγοὶ εἰς ἀγγεῖον αὐτὴν [=τὴν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου κόπρον] ἐμβάλοντες=the hunters let their excrement fall into a pot.—ἐκβ. τι=let someth. fall Diog. L. 6, 35) evacuate Mt 15:17.

④ to pay no attention to, disregard τὴν αὐλὴν τὴν ἔξωθεν τοῦ ναοῦ ἔκβαλε ἔξωθεν leave out (of consideration) the outer court of the temple Rv 11:2 (Epicurus in Diog. L. 10, 147 ἐ. τι=disregard someth.; M. Ant. 12, 25 βάλε ἔξω τὴν ὑπόληψιν=do not concern yourself about … ; Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 372 VI, 22f [II A.D.] τὸ ἀναγνωσθὲν δάνειον ἐκβάλλω=I pass over, omit. On the belief of Jerusalem’s inhabitants that the temple could be saved, while the beleagured city was ruined, s. Jos., Bell. 5, 459).

⑤ to bring someth. about, cause to happen, bring ἐ. εἰς νῖκος τὴν κρίσιν lead justice on to victory Mt 12:20 (s. κρίσις 3).—B. 713. M-M. TW.

ἐκλέγομαι impf. ἐξελεγόμην; fut. ἐκλέξομαι LXX; 1 aor. ἐξελεξάμην. Pass. 2 aor. ἐξελέγην; pf. pass. ἐκλέλεγμαι, ptc. ἐκλελεγμένος Lk 9:35 (Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX; En 6:2; 7:1; TestJob 9:4; Test12Patr; JosAs cod. A [p. 68, 20 and 71:15 Bat.]; EpArist; Joseph., Just.; Mel., P. 83, 622 ; the act. does not occur in our lit.)

[b]① to pick out someone or someth., choose (for oneself) τινά (τί) someone (someth.) w. indication of that from which the selection is made τινὰ ἔκ τινος (Isocr. 9, 58; 2 Km 24:12; 2 Ch 33:7; Sir 45:4; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 16 and18 Jac.; ἐκ τῶν γραφῶν Iren. 1, 19, 1 [Harv. I 175, 9; of the ‘eclecticism’ of dissidents]) choose someone fr. among a number πάντων 1 Cl 59:3; of two Ac 1:24. ὑμᾶς ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου J 15:19. ἐξ αὐτῶν Hs 9, 9, 3. ἐκλεξαμένους ἄνδρας ἐξ αὐτῶν πέμψαι to choose men fr. among them and to send them Ac 15:22, cp. 25. For this τινὰ ἀπό τινος (Dt 14:2; Sir 45:16; Just. D. 27, 1 ἀπὸ τῶν προφητικῶν λόγων): ἀπʼ αὐτῶν δώδεκα twelve of them Lk 6:13.

② to make a choice in accordance with significant preference, select someone/someth. for oneself, w. simple acc.

ⓐ w. acc. of pers. (Jo 2:16; Bar 3:27; 1 Macc 10:32; Jos., Ant. 7, 372 God chooses Solomon; Just., D. 17, 1 ἄνδρας; Mel., P. 83 [Bodm.] σέ): Mk 13:20; J 13:18; 15:16; GEb 19, 85 and 34, 60. Jesus 1 Cl 64. The twelve J 6:70; PtK 3 p. 15, 17. The apostles Ac 1:2; B 5:9. Stephen Ac 6:5. A faithful slave Hs 5, 2, 2. Of God: the ancestors (as God’s own) Ac 13:17 (oft. LXX, cp. Dt 4:37; 10:15).

ⓑ w. acc. of thing (X., Mem. 1, 6, 14; Pla., Leg. 2, 670d, Tim. p. 24c; Demosth. 18, 261 et al.; PMagd 29, 4 [III B.C.]=PEnteux 66, 4 τ. βέλτιστον τόπον; Is 40:20; 1 Macc 7:37; 2 Ch 35:19d; Jos., Bell. 2, 149 τόπους; Just., A I, 43, 7 τὰ καλά; Hippol., Ref. 5, 9, 20): B 21:1; good part Lk 10:42; places of honor 14:7; a good place Hv 3, 1, 3; a fast B 3:1, 3 (Is 58:5f).

ⓒ w. indication of the purpose for which the choice is made:

α. εἴς τι for someth. (Ps 32:12; Just., D. 67, 2 ἐκλεγήναι εἰς Χριστόν) eternal life Hv 4, 3, 5. εἰς τὸ ἱερατεύειν to be priest 1 Cl 43:4.

β. w. ἵνα foll. 1 Cor 1:27f.

γ. w. inf. foll. (1 Ch 15:2; 28:5; 1 Esdr 5:1) ἐξελέξατο ἡμᾶς εἶναι ἡμᾶς ἁγίους he has chosen us that we might be holy Eph 1:4. Without obj. ἐν ὑμῖν ἐξελέξατο ὁ θεὸς διὰ τοῦ στόματός μου ἀκοῦσαι in your presence God chose that (they) were to hear through my mouth Ac 15:7. W. ellipsis of the inf. ἐξελέξατο τοὺς πτωχοὺς (sc. εἶναι) πλουσίους (God) chose the poor that they might be rich Js 2:5.

δ. abs.: ἐκλελεγμένος chosen of Jesus, as God’s child Lk 9:35 (cp. ὸ̔ν ὁ πατὴρ … ἐξελέξατο διὰ λόγου εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν αὐτοῦ Iren. 1, 15, 3 [Harv. I 150, 6]; ἀγαπητός is found in the parallels Mt 17:5; Mk 9:7, and in Lk as v.l.; it = ἐκλελεγμένος also Vett. Val. 17, 2). Of Christians 1 Cl 50:7; cp. Pol 1:1. Of the church IEph ins.

③ gather in a crop, gather ἐξ ἀκανθῶν ἐκλέγονται σῦκα Lk 6:44 D; s. συλλέγω.—HRowley, The Biblical Doctrine of Election, ’50.—DELG s.v. λέγω. M-M s.v. ἐκλέγω. TW.

ἐκτείνω fut. ἐκτενῶ; 1 aor. ἐξέτεινα; pf. ἐκτέτακα 1 Km 1:16. Pass.: 1 fut. 3 sg. ἐκταθήσεται Zech 1:16; 1 aor. 3 sg. ἐξετάθη 1 Macc 6:40; pf. ptc. ἐκτεταμένος LXX (τείνω ‘stretch’; Aeschyl., Hdt.+)

① to cause an object to extend to its full length in space, stretch out ἐ. ἑαυτό stretch itself out Hv 4, 1, 9. Of nets spread out B 5:4 (Pr 1:17). ἀγκύρας ἐκτείνειν put out or lay out anchors Ac 27:30; s. ἄγκυρα.—Esp. in the expr. ἐ. τὴν χεῖρα (τὰς χεῖρας) hold out or extend the hand(s) (class.; Diod S 13, 15, 1; oft. LXX; JosAs 8:4 al.; Jos., Ant. 8, 233, cp. 13, 14; Just., D. 111, 1) of a man w. a disabled hand: Mt 12:13; Mk 3:5; Lk 6:10. To grasp someth. (Gen 22:10 al.) Mt 26:51; D 4:5; B 19:9. To take hold of someone Mt 14:31. To heal someone (by touch; s. OWeinreich, Antike Heilungswunder 1909, 15ff; 51ff; JBehm, D. Handauflegung 1911, 102ff) Mt 8:3; Mk 1:41; Lk 5:13. W. εἰς to indicate purpose Ac 4:30. ἐ. τὴν χεῖρα lay a hand on someone (Diog. L. 6, 29 τὰς χεῖρας ἐπὶ τοὺς φίλους ἐ.) w. hostile intent (Jer 6:12; 1 Macc 6:25; 12:42; 2 Macc 15:32; cp. Jos., Ant. 7, 327) Lk 22:53. To point at someone Mt 12:49. As a gesture in prayer (1 Esdr 8:70; 4 Macc 4:11; Agatharchides: 86 Fgm. 20, 209 Jac. [in Jos., C. Ap. 1, 209].—Earlier writers would have said ἀνατείνω τὰς χεῖρας: Pind., O. 7, 65; [Ps.-]Plut., Mor. 774b) 1 Cl 2:3; B 12:2. Gesture of a speaker Ac 26:1 (cp. Quintilian 9, 3, 84ff; Apuleius, Metam. 2, 21; KSittl, D. Gebärden d. Griechen u. Römer 1890, 350ff). Of one who is crucified (Epict. 3, 26, 22 ἐκτείνας σεαυτὸν ὡς οἱ ἐσταυρωμένοι; Jos., Ant. 19, 94) J 21:18; B 12:2 (Just., A I, 35, 6 ἐξετάθη τὰς χεῖρας).

② to extend in time beyond normal expectation, draw out at length. fig. ext. of 1 λόγους ἐ. (Pla., Leg. 10, 887a ὁ λόγος ἐκταθείς, others sim.) speak at length, be long-winded (Polyb. 12, 26b, 4) 1 Cl 57:4 (Pr 1:24).—M-M. TW.

ἐλέγχω fut. ἐλέγξω; 1 aor. ἤλεγξα LXX, impv. ἔλεγξον, inf. ἐλέγξαι; pass. ἠλέγχθην (Hom.+)

① to scrutinize or examine carefully, bring to light, expose, set forth (Aristoph., Eccl. 485; Herodian 3, 12, 4; PHib 55, 3 [250 B.C.] τὸν ποιμένα τ. ἐλέγξοντα περὶ ὧν μοι εἶπας) J 3:20; Eph 5:11, 13 (the darkness-light theme suggests exposure, with implication of censure); Dg 2:8. τὰ κρυπτά (Artem. 1, 68) IPhld 7:1. ταῦτα ἔλεγχε declare this Tit 2:15 (but s. 3 below); τ. ἁμαρτίας τινὸς πρὸς τὸν κύριον expose someone’s sins before the Lord Hv 1, 1, 5 (Jos., Vi. 339 τὰς πονηρίας ἐ.); demonstrate, prove (POxy 237 VIII, 40; Wsd 2:11; Ath. 30, 4) τὶ someth. Dg 9:6; οὐκ ἐλέγχετε= disprove 2:9.

② to bring a pers. to the point of recognizing wrongdoing, convict, convince someone of someth., point someth. out to someone (PAmh 33, 34 [157 B.C.]; BGU 1138, 13=Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 100, 13 [19/18 B.C.]; POxy 1032, 30; PStras 41, 31; Jos., Ant. 4, 219; SibOr 5, 34; Just., A I, 4, 6 αὐτὸν … ἁμαρτάνοντα; Ath. 2, 1 ἡμᾶς … ἀδικοῦντας; Just., D. 67, 2 ὅπως μήτε … μωραίνειν ἐλέγχησθε) τινά Tit 1:9, 13; Jd 22 v.l. (COsburn, ZNW 63, ’72, 139–44 [text]); 23 v.l.; περί w. gen. introduces the thing of which one is convicted or convinced (Aristoph., Plut. 574; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 5; PLips 43, 11 μάρτυρας τοὺς ἐλέγχοντας Θαῆσιν περὶ ἀφαιρέσεως βιβλίων χρειστιακῶν) J 8:46; 16:8 (s. δικαιοσύνη 3a end); Jd 15 (En 1:9). Pass. ἐ. ὑπό τινος Ac 6:10 v.l.; 1 Cor 14:24; ὑπὸ τ. συνειδήσεως ἐλεγχόμενοι J 8:9 v.l. (cp. Philo, De Jos. 48 ὑπὸ τοῦ συνειδότος ἐλεγχόμενος, Spec. Leg. 3, 54 al.); ἀπὸ τῆς ὀσμῆς ἐλέγχεσθαι be convicted (perh. tested) by the odor IMg 10:2. ἐλεγχόμενοι ὡς παραβάται convicted as transgressors Js 2:9; ἳνα … ὁ πόνηρὸς … ἐλεγχθῇ[το] μὴ ὤν θεός AcPlCor 2:15.

③ to express strong disapproval of someone’s action, reprove, correct (Aelian, VH 13, 25; Sir 20:2; 31:31; Pr 9:7f al.; Just. D. 107, 3) 2 Ti 4:2; τινά 1 Ti 5:20; D 2:7. W. the connotation of refuting (Diod S 13, 90, 4; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 28, end; PGM 4, 2620; Just., A I, 64, 6 al.; Ath. 18, 1 τὰ εἴδωλα; Tat. 8, 4 τὴν μαντικήν) πᾶσαν αἵρεσιν Epil Mosq 2.—τινὰ περί τινος Lk 3:19. τινὰ ἐπί τινι B 19:4. ἔλεγξον αὐτὸν μεταξὺ σοῦ καὶ αὐτοῦ μόνου show him his fault while you are alone w. him Mt 18:15 (cp. CD 9, 6–8 and s. Lev 19:17). Perh. Tit 2:15 belongs here (s. 1 above).

④ to penalize for wrongdoing, punish, discipline (Wsd 1:8; 12:2; Job 5:17 al.) Hb 12:5 (Pr 3:11); (w. παιδεύειν, as Sir 18:13) Rv 3:19.—LLutkemeyer, CBQ 8, ’46, 221–23.—B. 1442. DELG. M-M. TW.

ἐμφανίζω fut. ἐμφανίσω; 1 aor. ἐνεφάνισα; 1 aor. pass. ἐνεφανίσθην (s. ἐμφαίνω; Eur., Pla., X., et. al.; ins, pap, LXX, En; TestSol 3:7; TestAbr B 4 p. 109, 1 [Stone p. 66]; Philo, Joseph.) ‘make apparent’

① to lay open to view, make visible ἐ. σεαυτόν τινι J 14:22 (cp. Ex 33:13, [18] ἐμφάνισόν μοι σεαυτόν). Pass. w. act. sense become visible, appear τινί to someone (Diog. L., Prooem. 7 αὐτοῖς θεοὺς ἐμφανίζεσθαι λέγοντες; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 101; Jos., Bell. 6, 47, Ant. 1, 223; Wsd 17:4; τοῖς μὴ ἀπιστοῦσιν αὐτῷ Did., Gen. 248, 19) πολλοῖς Mt 27:53. σοί Hv 3, 1, 2; cp. 3, 10, 2. τῷ προσώπῳ τοῦ θεοῦ before God’s face (of Christ’s appearance before God in heaven) Hb 9:24.

② to provide information, make clear, explain, inform, make a report (Hippol., Ref. 8, 9, 8) esp. of an official report to the authorities (as PMagd 11, 9 [= PEnteux 27, 9; 221 B.C.]; UPZ 42, 18 [162 B.C.]; PEleph 8, 3; 2 Macc 11:29) τὶ πρός τινα someth. to someone: inform Ac 23:22; w. ὅτι foll. (X., Cyr. 8, 1, 26) make clear Hb 11:14.—τινί w. ὅπως foll. 23:15 (cp. PSI 442, 23 [III B.C.] ταῦτα δὲ ἐνεφάνισά σοι, ὅπως ἂν μηδείς σε παρακρούηται). Fig. extension: of matters that transcend physical sight or mere verbal statement reveal, make known (cp. Wsd 1:2; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 27) ἐμφανίσω αὐτῷ ἐμαυτόν I will reveal myself to that person J 14:21.

③ to convey a formal report about a judicial matter, present evidence, bring charges τινί τι (X., Mem. 4, 3, 4; Diod S 14, 11, 2; Esth 2:22; Jos., Ant. 4, 43) GPt 11:43. ἐ. τινὶ κατά τινος bring formal charges against someone (Jos., Ant. 10, 166) Ac 24:1; 25:2; ἐ. περί τινος concerning someone 25:15 (cp. PHib 72, 4 [III B.C.]; PSI 400, 2; 2 Macc 3:7; En 22:12; Jos., Ant. 14, 226).—DELG s.v. φαίνω B. M-M. TW.

ἐναντίος, α, ον (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; PsSol 8:8; Test12Patr, EpArist, Philo, Joseph.; apolog. except Ar.)

① pert. to being opposite in terms of direction, opposite, against, contrary of the wind (X., An. 4, 5, 3; Dio Chrys. 17 [34], 19; Jos., Bell. 3, 421) Mt 14:24; Mk 6:48; Ac 27:4.—ἐξ ἐναντίας (earlier Gk. [Hdt., Thuc.], oft. LXX; B-D-F §241, 1) ἐξ ἐ. τινός opposite someone παρεστηκέναι Mk 15:39 (cp. Sir 37:9).

② pert. to being in opposition, opposed, contrary τινί to someone (Pr 14:7) Ἰουδαίων … πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ἐναντίων who oppose all people 1 Th 2:15. ἐναντίον εἶναί τινι be opposed to someone τῷ θεῷ B 16:7; ISm 6:2. ἐναντίον ποιεῖν τί τινι (PSI 282, 13 [183 A.D.] μηδὲ ποιῆσαι ἐναντίον τι τῇ αὐτῇ ὑπογραφῇ; Jos., Ant. 2, 43; 5, 169; Just., A II, 4, 3) Ac 28:17. ἐναντία πράσσειν πρὸς τὸ ὄνομά τινος 26:9 (ἐν. πράσσειν as Jos., Ant. 18, 279; 19, 305). ἐν τούτοις τοῖς ἔργοις … καὶ μὴ ἐν τοῖς ἐναντίοις in the contrary (evil) works 2 Cl 4:3 (cp. TestLevi 14:4 ἐναντίας ἐντολὰς διδάσκοντες τοῖς τοῦ θεοῦ δικαιώμασιν).—τὰ ἐναντία the opposite, ἀπολαμβάνειν τὰ ἐναντία παρά τινος receive the opposite fr. someone Hv 5:7 (cp. POxy 1258, 10f [45 A.D.] εὐορκοῦντι μέν μοι εὖ εἴη, ἐπιορκοῦντι δὲ τὰ ἐναντία. Likew. SIG 914, 45; 921, 113; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 37; Just. A I, 43, 5ff; Ath. 3, 2).—ὁ ἐξ ἐναντίας (s. 1 above) the opponent Tit 2:8 (cp. Sext. Emp., Phys. 1, 66 οἱ ἐξ ἐ.; 2, 69, Eth. 125 ; Diog. L. 1, 84; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 461, 1 πρὸς τὸν ἐξ ἐναντίας; Philo, Aet. M. 7).—DELG s.v. ἄντα. M-M. Sv.