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21 AT
I) prep.A. with dative.I. Of motion;1) towards, against;Otkell laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S.;hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge against A.;2) close atup to;Brynjólfr gengr alit at honum, quite up to him;þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters with him;3) to, at;koma at landi, to come to land;ganga at dómi, to go into court;ganga at stræti, to walk along the street;dreki er niðr fór at ánni (went down the river) fyrir strauminum;refr dró hörpu at ísi, on the ice;5) denoting hostility;renna (sœkja) at e-m, to rush at, assault;gerði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog;6) around;vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a veil round one’s head;bera grjót at e-m, to heap stones upon the body;7) denoting business, engagement;ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after horses, watching sheep;fara at landskuldum, to go collecting rents.II. Of position, &c.;1) denoting presence at, near, by, upon;at kirkju, at church;at dómi, in court;at lögbergi, at the hill of laws;2) denoting participation in;vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, wedding;vera at vígi, to be an accessory in man-slaying;3) ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at;kvalararnir, er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him;var þar at kona nökkur at binda (was there busy dressing) sár manna;4) with proper names of places (farms);konungr at Danmörku ok Noregi, king of;biskup at Hólum, bishop of Holar;at Helgafelli, at Bergþórshváli;5) used ellipt. with a genitive, at (a person’s) house;at hans (at his house) gisti fjölmenni mikit;at Marðar, at Mara’s home;at hins beilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church;at Ránar, at Ran’s (abode).III. Of time;1) at, in;at upphafi, at first, in the beginning;at skilnaði, at parting, when they parted;at páskum, at Easter;at kveldi, at eventide;at þinglausnum, at the close of the Assembly;at fjöru, at the ebb;at flœðum, at the floodtide;2) adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr’;at ári komanda, next year;at vári, er kemr, next spring;generally with ‘komanda’ understood;at sumri, hausti, vetri, vári, next summer, &c.;3) used with an absolute dative and present or past part.;at sér lifanda, duing his lifetime;at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all;at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the hearing of the chief;at upprennandi sólu, at sunrise;at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks are past;at honum önduðum, after his death;4) denoting uninterrupted succession, after;hverr at öðrum, annarr at öðrum, one after another;skildu menn at þessu, thereupon, after this;at því (thereafter) kómu aðrar meyjar.IV. fig. and in various uses;1) to, into, with the notion of destruction or change;brenna (borgina) at ösku, to burn to ashes;verða at ormi, to become a snake;2) for, as;gefa e-t at gjöf, as a present;eiga e-n at vin, to have one as friend;3) by;taka sverð at hjöltum, by the hilt;draga út björninn at hlustunum, by the ears;kjósa at afli, álitum, by strength, appearrance;4) as regards as to;auðigr at fé, wealthy in goods;vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face;5) as a law term, on the grounds of, by reason of;ryðja ( to challenge) dóm at mægðum, kvið at frændsemi;6) as a paraphrase of a genitive;faðir, móðir at barni (= barns, of a child);aðili at sök = aðili sakar;7) with adjectives denoting colour, size, age, of;hvítr, svartr, rauðr at lit, while, black, red of colour;mikill, lítill at stœrð, vexti, tall, small of stature;tvítugr at aldri, twenty years of age;kýr at fyrsta, öðrum kálfi, a cow that has calved once, twice;8) determining the source from which anything comes, of, from;Ari nam ok marga frœði at Þuríði (from her);þiggja, kaupa, geta, leigja e-t at e-m, to receive, buy, obtain, borrow a thing from one;hafa veg (virðing) styrk at e-m, to derive honour, power, from one;9) according, to, after (heygðr at fornum sið);at ráði allra vitrustu manna, by the advice of;at landslögum, by the law of the land;at vánum, as was to be expected;at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave;10) in adverbial phrases;gróa (vera grœddr) at heilu, to be quite healed;bíta af allt gras at snøggu, quite bare;at fullu, fully;at vísu, surely;at frjálsu, freely;at eilífu, for ever and ever;at röngu, at réttu, wrongly, rightly;at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same;at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent.B. with acc., after, upon (= eptir);sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, to take the inheritance after his father;eiga féránsdóm at e-n, to hold a court of execution upon a person;at þat (= eptir þat), after that, thereafter;connected with a past part. or a., at Gamla fallinn, after the fall of Gamli;at Hrungni dauðan, upon the death of Hrungnir.1) as the simple mark of the infinitive, to;at ganga, at ríða, at hlaupa, to walk, to ride, to run;2) in an objective sense;hann bauð þeim at fara, sitja, he bade (ordered) them to go, sit;gefa e-m at eta, at drekka, to give one to eat, to drink;3) denoting design or purpose, in order to (hann gekk í borg at kaupa silfr).1) demonstrative particle before a comparative, the, all the, so much the;hón grét at meir, she wept the more;þykkir oss at líkara, all the more likely;þú ert maðr at verri (so much the worse), er þú hefir þetta mælt;2) rel. pron., who, which, that (= er);þeir allir, at þau tíðindi heyrðu, all those who heard;sem þeim er títt, at ( as is the custom of those who) kaupferðir reka.conj., that;1) introducing a subjective or objective clause;þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, it happened once that H.;vilda ek, at þú réðist austr í fjörðu, I should like you to go;svá mikill lagamaðr, at, so great a lawyer, that;3) with subj., denoting end or purpose, in order that (skáru þeir fyrir þá (viz. hestana) melinn, at þeir dœi eigi af sulti);4) since, because, as (= því at);5) connected with þó, því, svá;þó at (with subj.), though, although;því at, because, for;svá at, so that;6) temp., þá at (= þá er), when;þegar at (= þegar er), as soon as;þar til at (= þar til er), until, till;áðr at (= á. en), before;7) used superfluously after an int. pron. or adv.;Ólafr spurði, hvern styrk at hann mundi fá honum, what help he was likely to give him;in a relative sense; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at (which) þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða.V)negative verbal suffix, = ata; var-at, was not.odda at, Yggs at, battle.* * *1.and að, prep., often used ellipt. dropping the case and even merely as an adverb, [Lat. ad; Ulf. at = πρός and παρά, A. S. ät; Engl. at; Hel. ad = apud; O. H. G. az; lost in mod. Germ., and rare in Swed. and Dan.; in more freq. use in Engl. than any other kindred language, Icel. only excepted]:—the mod. pronunciation and spelling is að (aþ); this form is very old, and is found in Icel. vellum MSS. of the 12th century, e. g. aþ, 623. 60; yet in earlier times it was sounded with a tenuis, as we may infer from rhymes, e. g. jöfurr hyggi at | hve ek yrkja fat, Egill: Sighvat also makes it rhyme with a t. The verse by Thorodd—þar vastu at er fjáðr klæðið þvat (Skálda 162)—is hardly intelligible unless we accept the spelling with an aspirate (að), and say that þvað is = þvá = þváði, lavabat; it may be that by the time of Thorodd and Ari the pure old pronunciation was lost, or is ‘þvat’ simply the A. S. þvât, secuit? The Icelanders still, however, keep the tenuis in compounds before a vowel, or before h, v, or the liquids l, r, thus—atyrða, atorka, athöfn, athugi, athvarf, athlægi; atvinna, atvik; atlaga, atlíðanði ( slope), atriði, atreið, atróðr: but aðdjúpr, aðfinsla (critic), aðferð, aðkoma, aðsókn, aðsúgr (crowding), aðgæzla. In some words the pronunciation is irregular, e. g. atkvæði not aðkv-; atburðr, but aðbúnaðr; aðhjúkran not athjúkran; atgörvi not aðgörfi. At, to, towards; into; against; along, by; in regard to; after.Mostly with dat.; rarely with acc.; and sometimes ellipt.—by dropping the words ‘home,’ ‘house,’ or the like—with gen.WITH DAT.A. LOC.I. WITH MOTION; gener. the motion to the borders, limits of an object, and thus opp. to frá:1. towards, against, with or without the notion of arrival, esp. connected with verbs denoting motion (verba movendi et eundi), e. g. fara, ganga, koma, lúta, snúa, rétta at…; Otkell laut at Skamkatli, O. louted (i. e. bowed down) towards S., Nj. 77, Fms. xi. 102; sendimaðrinn sneri ( turned) hjöltum sverðsins at konungi, towards the king, i. 15; hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge towards A., Nj. 220; rétta e-t at e-m, to reach, hand over, Ld. 132; ganga at, to step towards, Ísl. ii. 259.2. denoting proximity, close up to, up to; Brynjólfr gengr … allt at honum, B. goes quite up to him, Nj. 58; Gunnarr kom þangat at þeim örunum, G. reached them even there with his arrows, 115; þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters, id.; reið maðr at þeim (up to them), 274; þeir höfðu rakit sporin allt at ( right up to) gammanum, Fms. i. 9; komu þeir at sjó fram, came down to the sea, Bárð. 180.3. without reference to the space traversed, to or at; koma at landi, to land, Ld. 38, Fms. viii. 358; ríða at dyrum, Boll. 344; hlaupa at e-m, to run up to, run at, Fms. vii. 218, viii. 358; af sjáfarganginum er hann gekk at landinu, of the surf dashing against the shore, xi. 6; vísa ólmum hundi at manni, to set a fierce hound at a man, Grág. ii. 118; leggja e-n at velli, to lay low, Eg. 426, Nj. 117; hníga at jörðu, at grasi, at moldu, to bite the dust, to die, Njarð. 378; ganga at dómi, a law term, to go into court, of a plaintiff, defendant, or bystander, Nj. 87 (freq.)4. denoting a motion along, into, upon; ganga at stræti, to walk along the street, Korm. 228, Fms. vii. 39; at ísi, on the ice, Skálda 198, Fms. vii. 19, 246, viii. 168, Eb. 112 new Ed. (á is perh. wrong); máttu menn ganga bar yfir at skipum einum, of ships alone used as a bridge, Fas. i. 378; at höfðum, at nám, to trample on the slain on the battle-field, Lex. Poët.; at ám, along the rivers; at merkiósum, at the river’s mouth, Grág. ii. 355; at endilöngu baki, all along its back, Sks. 100.5. denoting hostility, to rush at, assault; renna at, hlaupa at, ganga, fara, ríða, sækja, at e-m, (v. those words), whence the nouns atrenna, athlaup, atgangr, atför, atreið, atsókn, etc.β. metaph., kom at þeim svefnhöfgi, deep sleep fell on them, Nj. 104. Esp. of weather, in the impers. phrase, hríð, veðr, vind, storm görir at e-m, to be overtaken by a snow storm, gale, or the like; görði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog, Bárð. 171.6. denoting around, of clothing or the like; bregða skikkju at höfði sér, to wrap his cloak over his head, Ld. 62; vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a snood round her head, 188; sauma at, to stick, cling close, as though sewn on; sauma at höndum sér, of tight gloves, Bs. i. 453; kyrtill svá þröngr sem saumaðr væri at honum, as though it were stitched to him, Nj. 214; vafit at vándum dreglum, tight laced with sorry tags, id.; hosa strengd fast at beini, of tight hose, Eg. 602; hann sveipar at sér iðrunum ok skyrtunni, he gathers up the entrails close to him and the skirt too, Gísl. 71; laz at síðu, a lace on the side, to keep the clothes tight, Eg. 602.β. of burying; bera grjót at einum, to heap stones upon the body, Eg. 719; var gör at þeim dys or grjóti, Ld. 152; gora kistu at líki, to make a coffin for a body, Eb. 264, Landn. 56, Ld. 142.γ. of summoning troops or followers; stefna at sér mönnum, to summon men to him, Nj. 104; stefna at sér liði, Eg. 270; kippa mönnum at sér, to gather men in haste, Ld. 64.7. denoting a business, engagement; ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after after horses, watching sheep, Glúm. 362, Nj. 75; fara at fé, to go to seek for sheep, Ld. 240; fara at heyi, to go a-haymaking, Dropl. 10; at veiðum, a-hunting; at fuglum, a-fowling; at dýrum, a-sbooting; at fiski, a-fishing; at veiðiskap, Landn. 154, Orkn. 416 (in a verse), Nj. 25; fara at landskuldum, to go a-collecling rents, Eg. 516; at Finnkaupum, a-marketing with Finns, 41; at féföngum, a-plundering, Fms. vii. 78; ganga at beina, to wait on guests, Nj. 50; starfa at matseld, to serve at table, Eb. 266; hitta e-n at nauðsynjum, on matters of business; at máli, to speak with one, etc., Fms. xi. 101; rekast at e-m, to pursue one, ix. 404; ganga at liði sér, to go suing for help, Grág. ii. 384.β. of festivals; snúa, fá at blóti, veizlu, brullaupi, to prepare for a sacrificial banquet, wedding, or the like, hence at-fangadagr, Eb. 6, Ld. 70; koma at hendi, to happen, befall; ganga at sínu, to come by one’s own, to take it, Ld. 208; Egill drakk hvert full er at honum kom, drained every horn that came to him, Eg. 210; komast at keyptu, to purchase dearly, Húv. 46.8. denoting imaginary motion, esp. of places, cp. Lat. spectare, vergere ad…, to look or lie towards; horfði botninn at höfðanum, the bight of the bay looked toward the headland, Fms. i. 340, Landn. 35; also, skeiðgata liggr at læknum, leads to the brook, Ísl. ii. 339; á þann arminn er vissi at sjánum, on that wing which looked toward the sea, Fms. viii. 115; sár þau er horft höfðu at Knúti konungi, xi. 309.β. even connected with verbs denoting motion; Gilsáreyrr gengr austan at Fljótinu, G. extends, projects to F. from the east, Hrafh. 25; hjá sundi því, er at gengr þingstöðinni, Fms. xi. 85.II. WITHOUT MOTION; denoting presence at, near, by, at the side of, in, upon; connected with verbs like sitja, standa, vera…; at kirkju, at church, Fms. vii. 251, K. f). K. 16, Ld. 328, Ísl. ii. 270, Sks. 36; vera at skála, at húsi, to be in, at home, Landn. 154; at landi, Fms. i. 82; at skipi, on shipboard, Grág. i. 209, 215; at oldri, at a banquet, inter pocula; at áti, at dinner, at a feast, inter edendum, ii. 169, 170; at samförum ok samvistum, at public meetings, id.; at dómi, in a court; standa (to take one’s stand) norðan, sunnan, austan, vestan at dómi, freq. in the proceedings at trials in lawsuits, Nj.; at þingi, present at the parliament, Grág. i. 142; at lögbergi, o n the hill of laws, 17, Nj.; at baki e-m, at the back of.2. denoting presence, partaking in; sitja at mat, to sit at meat, Fms. i. 241; vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, nuptials, Nj. 51, Ld. 70: a law term, vera at vígi, to be an accessory in manslaying, Nj. 89, 100; vera at e-u simply means to be about, be busy in, Fms. iv. 237; standa at máli, to stand by one in a case, Grág. ii. 165, Nj. 214; vera at fóstri, to be fostered, Fms. i. 2; sitja at hégóma, to listen to nonsense, Ld. 322; vera at smíð, to be at one’s work, Þórð. 62: now absol., vera at, to go on with, be busy at.3. the law term vinna eið at e-u has a double meaning:α. vinna eið at bók, at baugi, to make an oath upon the book by laying the band upon it, Landn. 258, Grág., Nj.; cp. Vkv. 31, Gkv. 3. 3, Hkv. 2. 29, etc.: ‘við’ is now used in this sense.β. to confirm a fact (or the like) by an oath, to swear to, Grág. i. 9, 327.γ. the law phrase, nefna vátta at e-u, of summoning witnesses to a deed, fact, or the like; nefna vátta at benjum, to produce evidence, witnesses as to the wounds, Nj., Grág.; at görð, Eg. 738; at svörum, Grág. i. 19: this summoning of witnesses served in old lawsuits the same purpose as modern pleadings and depositions; every step in a suit to be lawful must be followed by such a summoning or declaration.4. used ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at; kvalararnir er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him; þar varstu at, you were there present, Skálda 162; at várum þar, Gísl. (in a verse): as a law term ‘vera at’ means to be guilty, Glúm. 388; vartattu at þar, Eg. (in a verse); hence the ambiguity of Glum’s oath, vask at þar, I was there present: var þar at kona nokkur ( was there busy) at binda sár manna, Fms. v. 91; hann var at ok smíðaði skot, Rd. 313; voru Varbelgir at ( about) at taka af, þau lög …, Fms. ix. 512; ek var at ok vafk, I was about weaving, xi. 49; þeir höfðu verit at þrjú sumur, they had been busy at it for three summers, x. 186 (now very freq.); koma at, come in, to arrive unexpectedly; Gunnarr kom at í því, G. came in at that moment; hvaðan komtú nú at, whence did you come? Nj. 68, Fms. iii. 200.5. denoting the kingdom or residence of a king or princely person; konungr at Danmörk ok Noregi, king of…, Fms. i. 119, xi. 281; konungr, jarl, at öllum Noregi, king, earl, over all N., íb. 3, 13, Landn. 25; konungr at Dyflinni, king of Dublin, 25; but í or yfir England!, Eg. 263: cp. the phrase, sitja at landi, to reside, of a king when at home, Hkr. i. 34; at Joini, Fms. xi. 74: used of a bishop; biskup at Hólum, bishop of Hólar, Íb. 18, 19; but biskup í Skálaholti, 19: at Rómi, at Rome, Fbr. 198.6. in denoting a man’s abode (vide p. 5, col. 1, l. 27), the prep. ‘at’ is used where the local name implies the notion of by the side of, and is therefore esp. applied to words denoting a river, brook, rock, mountain, grove, or the like, and in some other instances, by, at, e. g. at Hofi (a temple), Landn. 198; at Borg ( a castle), 57; at Helgafelli (a mountain), Eb. constantly so; at Mosfelli, Landn. 190; at Hálsi (a hill), Fms. xi. 22; at Bjargi, Grett. 90; Hálsum, Landn. 143; at Á ( river), 296, 268; at Bægisá, 212; Giljá, 332; Myrká, 211; Vatnsá, id.; þverá, Glúm. 323; at Fossi (a ‘force’ or waterfall), Landn. 73; at Lækjamoti (waters-meeting), 332; at Hlíðarenda ( end of the lithe or hill), at Bergþórshváli, Nj.; at Lundi (a grove), at Melum (sandhill), Landn. 70: the prep. ‘á’ is now used in most of these cases, e. g. á Á, á Hofi, Helgafelli, Felli, Hálsi, etc.β. particularly, and without any regard to etymology, used of the abode of kings or princes, to reside at; at Uppsölum, at Haugi, Alreksstöðum, at Hlöðum, Landn., Fms.γ. konungr lét kalla at stofudyrum, the king made a call at the hall door, Eg. 88; þeir kölluðu at herberginu, they called at the inn, Fms. ix. 475.7. used ellipt. with a gen., esp. if connected with such words as gista, to be a guest, lodge, dine, sup (of festivals or the like) at one’s home; at Marðar, Nj. 4; at hans, 74; þingfesti at þess bóanda, Grág. i. 152; at sín, at one’s own home, Eg. 371, K. Þ. K. 62; hafa náttstað at Freyju, at the abode of goddess Freyja, Eg. 603; at Ránar, at Ran’s, i. e. at Ran’s house, of drowned men who belong to the queen of the sea, Ran, Eb. 274; at hins heilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church, Fms. vi. 63: cp. ad Veneris, εις Κίμωνος.B. TEMP.I. at, denoting a point or period of time; at upphafi, at first, in the beginning, Ld. 104; at lyktum, at síðustu, at lokum, at last; at lesti, at last, Lex. Poët., more freq. á lesti; at skilnaði, at parting, at last, Band. 3; at fornu, in times of yore, formerly, Eg. 267, D. I. i. 635; at sinni, as yet, at present; at nýju, anew, of present time; at eilífu, for ever and ever; at skömmu, soon, shortly, Ísl. ii. 272, v. l.II. of the very moment when anything happens, the beginning of a term; denoting the seasons of the year, months, weeks, the hours of the day; at Jólum, at Yule, Nj. 46; at Pálmadegi, on Palm Sunday, 273; at Páskum, at Easter; at Ólafsvöku, on St. Olave’s eve, 29th of July, Fms.; at vetri, at the beginning of the winter, on the day when winter sets in, Grág. 1. 151; at sumarmálum, at vetrnáttum; at Tvímánaði, when the Double month (August) begins, Ld. 256, Grág. i. 152; at kveldi, at eventide, Eg. 3; at því meli, at that time; at eindaga, at the term, 395; at eykð, at 4 o’clock p. m., 198; at öndverðri æfi Abra hams, Ver. II; at sinni, now at once, Fms. vi. 71; at öðruhverju, every now and then.β. where the point of time is marked by some event; at þingi, at the meeting of parliament (18th to the 24th of June), Ld. 182; at féránsdómi, at the court of execution, Grág. i. 132, 133; at þinglausnum, at the close of the parliament (beginning of July), 140; at festarmálum, eðr at eiginorði, at betrothal or nuptials, 174; at skilnaði, when they parted, Nj. 106 (above); at öllum minnum, at the general drinking of the toasts, Eg. 253; at fjöru, at the ebb; at flæðum, at flood tide, Fms. viii. 306, Orkn. 428; at hrörum, at an inquest, Grág. i. 50 (cp. ii. 141, 389); at sökum, at prosecutions, 30; at sinni, now, as yet, v. that word.III. ellipt., or adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr,’ of the future time:1. ellipt., komanda or the like being understood, with reference to the seasons of the year; at sumri, at vetri, at hausti, at vári, next summer, winter…, Ísl. ii. 242; at miðju sumri, at ári, at Midsummer, next year, Fas. i. 516; at miðjum vetri, Fms. iv. 237,2. adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr;’ at ári komanda, Bárð. 177; at vári er kemr, Dipl. iii. 6.IV. used with an absolute dat. and with a pres. part.:1. with pres. part.; at morni komanda, on the coming morrow, Fms. i. 263; at sér lifanda, in vivo, in his life time, Grág. ii. 202; at þeim sofundum, illis dormientibus, Hkr. i. 234; at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all, Fms. x. 329; at úvitanda konungi, illo nesciente, without his knowledge, 227; at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the chief’s bearing, 235.2. of past time with a past part. (Lat. abl. absol.); at hræjum fundnum, on the bodies being found, Grág. ii. 87; at háðum dómum ok föstu þingi, during the session, the courts being set, i. 484; at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks past, Band. 13; at svá búnu, so goru, svá komnu, svá mæltu (Lat. quibus rebus gestis, dictis, quo facto, dicto, etc.), v. those words; at úreyndu, without trial, without put ting one to the test, Ld. 76; at honum önduðum, illo mortuo.3. ellipt. without ‘at;’ en þessum hlutum fram komnum, when all this has been done, Eb. 132.V. in some phrases with a slight temp, notion; at görðum gildum, the fences being strong, Gþl. 387; at vörmu spori, at once, whilst the trail is warm; at úvörum, unawares, suddenly, Nj. 95, Ld. 132; at þessu, at this cost, on that condition, Eb. 38, Nj. 55; at illum leiki, to have a narrow escape, now við illan leik, Fms. ix. 473; at því, that granted, Grág. ii. 33: at því, at pessu, thereafter, thereupon, Nj. 76.2. denoting succession, without interruption, one after another; hverr at öðrum, annarr maðr at öðrum, aðrir at öðrum; eina konu at annarri, Eg. 91, Fms. ii. 236, vi. 25, Bs. i. 22, 625. 80, H. E. i. 522.C. METAPH. and in various cases:I. denoting a transformation or change into, to, with the notion of destruction; brenna at ösku, at köldum kolum, to burn to ashes, to be quite destroyed, Fms. i. 105, Edda 3, Sturl. ii. 51: with the notion of transformation or transfiguration, in such phrases as, verða at e-u, göra e-t at e-u, to turn it into:α. by a spell; verða at ormi, to become a snake, Fms. xi. 158; at flugdrekum, Gullþ. 7; urðu þau bönd at járni, Edda 40.β. by a natural process it can often be translated by an acc. or by as; göra e-n at urðarmanni, to make him an outlaw, Eg. 728; græða e-n at orkumlamanni, to heal him so as to maim him for life, of bad treatment by a leech, Eb. 244: in the law terms, sár görist at ben, a wound turning into a ben, proving to be mortal, Grág., Nj.; verða at ljúgvætti, to prove to be a false evidence, Grág. i. 44; verða at sætt, to turn into reconciliation, Fms. i. 13; göra e-t at reiði málum, to take offence at, Fs. 20; at nýjum tíðindum, to tell as news, Nj. 14; verða fátt at orðum, to be sparing of words, 18; kveðr (svá) at orði, to speak, utter, 10; verða at þrifnaði, to geton well, Fms. vii. 196: at liði, at skaða, to be a help or hurt to one; at bana, to cause one’s death, Nj. 223, Eg. 21, Grág. ii. 29: at undrum, at hlátri, to become a wonder, a laughing-stock, 623. 35, Eg. 553.II. denoting capacity, where it may be translated merely by as or for; gefa at Jólagjöf, to give for a Christmas-box, Eg. 516; at gjöf, for a present; at erfð, at láni, launum, as an inheritance, a loan; at kaupum ok sökum, for buying and selling, Ísl. ii. 223, Grág. i. 423; at solum, ii. 204; at herfangi, as spoil or plunder; at sakbótum, at niðgjöldum, as a compensation, weregeld, i. 339, ii. 171, Hkr. ii. 168; taka at gíslingu, to take as an hostage, Edda 15; eiga e-n at vin, at óvin, to have one as friend or foe, illt er at eiga þræl at eingavin, ‘tis ill to have a thrall for one’s bosom friend (a proverb), Nj. 77; fæða, eiga, at sonum (syni), to beget a son, Edda 8, Bs. i. 60 (but eiga at dóttur cannot be said); hafa möttul at yfirhöfn, Fms. vii. 201; verða nökkut at manni (mönnum), to turn out to be a worthy man; verða ekki at manni, to turn out a worthless person, xi. 79, 268.2. in such phrases as, verða at orðum, to come towards, Nj. 26; var þat at erindum, Eg. 148; hafa at veizlum, to draw veizlur ( dues) from, Fms. iv. 275, Eg. 647; gora e-t at álitum, to take it into consideration, Nj. 3.III. denoting belonging to, fitting, of parts of the whole or the like; vóru at honum (viz. the sword) hjölt gullbúin, the sword was ornamented with a hilt of gold, Ld. 330; umgörð at ( belonging to) sverði, Fs. 97 (Hs.) in a verse; en ef mór er eigi at landinu, if there be no turf moor belonging to the land, Grág. ii. 338; svá at eigi brotnaði nokkuð at Orminum, so that no harm happened to the ship Worm, Fms. x. 356; hvatki er meiðir at skipinu eðr at reiðinu eðr at viðum, damage done t o …, Grág. ii. 403; lesta ( to injure) hús at lásum, við eðr torfi, 110; ef land hefir batnað at húsum, if the land has been bettered as to its buildings, 210; cp. the phrase, göra at e-u, to repair: hamlaðr at höndum eðr fótum, maimed as to hands or feet, Eg. 14; heill at höndum en hrumr at fótum, sound in band, palsied in foot, Fms. vii. 12; lykill at skrá, a key belonging, fitting, to the latch; hurð at húsi; a key ‘gengr at’ ( fits) skrá; and many other phrases. 2. denoting the part by which a thing is held or to which it belongs, by; fá, taka at…, to grasp by …; þú tókt við sverði hans at hjöltunum, you took it by the bill, Fms. i. 15; draga út björninn at hlustum, to pull out the bear by the ears, Fas. ii. 237; at fótum, by the feet, Fms. viii. 363; mæla ( to measure) at hrygg ok at jaðri, by the edge or middle of the stuff, Grág. i. 498; kasta e-m at höfði, head foremost, Nj. 84; kjósa e-n at fótum, by the feet alone, Edda 46; hefja frændsemi at bræðrum, eða at systkynum, to reckon kinship by the brother’s or the sister’s side, Grág. i. 28; kjósa at afli, at álitum, by strength, sight, Gs. 8, belongs rather to the following.IV. in respect of, as regards, in regard to, as to; auðigr at fé, wealthy of goods, Nj. 16, 30, 51; beztir hestar at reið, the best racehorses, 186; spekingr at viti, a man of great intellect, Ld. 124; vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face, Nj. 30, Bs. i. 61; kvenna vænst at ásjónu ok vits munum, of surpassing beauty and intellect, Ld. 122; fullkominn at hyggju, 18; um fram aðra menn at vinsældum ok harðfengi, of surpassing popularity and hardihood, Eb. 30.2. a law term, of challenging jurors, judges, or the like, on account of, by reason of; ryðja ( to challenge) at mægðum, guðsifjum, frændsemi, hrörum …; at leiðarlengd, on account of distance, Grág. i. 30, 50, Nj. (freq.)3. in arithm. denoting proportion; at helmingi, þriðjungi, fjórðungi, tíunda hluta, cp. Lat. ex asse, quadrante, for the half, third… part; máttr skal at magni (a proverb), might and main go together, Hkr. ii. 236; þú munt vera at því mikill fræðimaðr á kvæði, in the same proportion, as great, Fms. vi. 391, iii. 41; at e-s hluta, at… leiti, for one’s part, in turn, as far as one is con cerned, Grág. i. 322, Eg. 309, Fms. iii. 26 (freq.): at öðrum kosti, in the other case, otherwise (freq.) More gener., at öllu, öngu, in all (no) respects; at sumu, einhverju, nokkru, partly; at flestu, mestu, chiefly.4. as a paraphrase of a genitive; faðir, móðir at barni (= barns); aðili at sök (= sakar a.); morðingi at barni (= barns), faðerni at barni (barns); illvirki at fé manna (cp. Lat. felo de se), niðrfall at sökum (saka), land gangr at fiskum (fiska), Fms. iv. 274, Grág. i. 277, 416, N. G. L. i. 340, K. Þ. K. 112, Nj. 21.5. the phrase ‘at sér,’ of himself or in himself, either ellipt. or by adding the participle görr, and with the adverbs vel, ilia, or the like; denoting breeding, bearing, endowments, character …; væn kona, kurteis ok vel at sér, an accomplished, well-bred, gifted lady, Nj. I; vitr maðr ok vel at sér, a wise man and thoroughly good in feeling and bearing, 5; þú ert maðr vaskr ok vel at þér, 49; gerr at sér, accomplished, 51; bezt at sér görr, the finest, best bred man, 39, Ld. 124; en þó er hann svá vel at sér, so generous, Nj. 77; þeir höfðingjar er svá vóru vel at sér, so noble-minded, 198, Fms. i. 160: the phrase ‘at sér’ is now only used of knowledge, thus maðr vel að sér means clever, a man of great knowledge; illa að sér, a blockhead.6. denoting relations to colour, size, value, age, and the like; hvitr, svartr, grár, rauðr … at lit, white, swarthy, gray, red … of colour, Bjarn. 55, 28, Ísl. ii. 213, etc.; mikill, lítill, at stærð, vexti, tall, small of size, etc.; ungr, gamall, barn, at aldri, young, old, a child of age; tvítugr, þrítugr … at aldri, twenty, thirty … years of age (freq.): of animals; kyr at fyrsta, öðrum … kálfi, a cow having calved once, twice…, Jb. 346: value, amount, currency of money, kaupa e-t at mörk, at a mark, N. G. L. 1. 352; ok er eyririnn at mörk, amounts to a mark, of the value of money, Grág. i. 392; verðr þá at hálfri murk vaðmála eyrir, amounts to a half a mark, 500.β. metaph. of value, connected with verbs denoting to esteem, hold; meta, hafa, halda at miklu, litlu, vettugi, engu, or the like, to hold in high or low esteem, to care or not to care for (freq.): geta e-s at góðu, illu, öngu, to mention one favourably, unfavourably, indifferently … (freq.), prop. in connection with. In many cases it may be translated by in; ekki er mark at draumum, there is no meaning in dreams, no heed is to be paid to dreams, Sturl. ii. 217; bragð er at þá barnið finnr, it goes too far, when even a child takes offence (a proverb): hvat er at því, what does it mean? Nj. 11; hvert þat skip er vöxtr er at, any ship of mark, i. e. however small, Fms. xi. 20.V. denoting the source of a thing:1. source of infor mation, to learn, perceive, get information from; Ari nam ok marga fræði at Þuríði, learnt as her pupil, at her hands, as St. Paul at the feet of Gamaliel, (just as the Scotch say to speer or ask at a person); Ari nam at Þorgeiri afraðskoll, Hkr. (pref.); nema kunnáttu at e-m, used of a pupil, Fms. i. 8; nema fræði at e-m, xi. 396.2. of receiving, acquiring, buying, from; þiggja e-t at e-m, to receive a thing at his hands, Nj. 51; líf, to be pardoned, Fms. x. 173; kaupa land at e-m, to buy it from, Landn. 72, Íb. II, (now af is more freq. in this sense); geta e-t at e-m, to obtain, procure at one’s hands, impetrare; þeirra manna er þeir megu þat geta at, who are willing to do that, Grág. i. I; heimta e-t at e-m (now af), to call in, demand (a debt, money), 279; fala e-t at e-m (now af), to chaffer for or cheapen anything, Nj. 73; sækja e-t at e-m, to ask, seek for; sækja heilræði ok traust at e-m, 98; leiga e-t at e-m (now af), to borrow, Grág. ii. 334; eiga e-t (fé, skuld) at e-m, to be owed money by any one, i. 399: metaph. to deserve of one, Nj. 113; eiga mikit at e-m, to have much to do with, 138; hafa veg, virðing, styrk, at, to derive honour, power from, Fms. vi. 71, Eg. 44, Bárð. 174; gagn, to be of use, Ld. 216; mein, tálma, mischief, disadvantage, 158, 216, cp. Eg. 546; ótta, awe, Nj. 68.VI. denoting conformity, according to, Lat. secundum, ex, after; at fornum sið, Fms. i. 112; at sögn Ara prests, as Ari relates, on his authority, 55; at ráði allra vitrustu manna, at the advice of, Ísl. ii. 259, Ld. 62; at lögum, at landslögum, by the law of the land, Grág., Nj.; at líkindum, in all likelihood, Ld. 272; at sköpum, in due course (poet.); at hinum sama hætti, in the very same manner, Grág. i. 90; at vánum, as was to be expected, Nj. 255; at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave, Eg. 35; úlofi, Grág. ii. 215; at ósk, vilja e-s, as one likes…; at mun, id. (poet.); at sólu, happily (following the course of the sun), Bs. i. 70, 137; at því sem …, as to infer from …, Nj. 124: ‘fara, láta, ganga at’ denotes to yield, agree to, to comply with, give in, Ld. 168, Eg. 18, Fms. x. 368.VII. in phrases nearly or quite adverbial; gróa, vera græddr, at heilu, to be quite healed, Bárð. 167, Eb. 148; bíta at snöggu, to bite it bare, Fms. xi. 6; at þurru, till it becomes dry, Eb. 276; at endilöngu, all along, Fas. ii; vinnast at litlu, to avail little, 655 x. 14; at fullu, fully, Nj. 257, Hkr. i. 171; at vísu, of a surety, surely, Ld. 40; at frjálsu, freely, 308; at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same, Hom. 80, Nj. 267; at röngu, wrongly, 686 B. 2; at hófi, temperately, Lex. Poët.; at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent; at hringum, utterly, all round, (rare), Fms. x. 389; at einu, yet, Orkn. 358; svá at einu, því at einu, allt at einu, yet, however, nevertheless.VIII. connected with comparatives of adverbs and adjectives, and strengthening the sense, as in Engl. ‘the,’ so much the more, all the more; ‘at’ heldr tveimr, at ek munda gjarna veita yðr öllum, where it may be translated by so much the more to two, as I would willingly grant it to all of you; hon grét at meir, she grat (wept) the more, Eg. 483; þykir oss at líkara, all the more likely, Fms. viii. 6; þess at harðari, all the harder, Sturl. iii. 202 C; svá at hinn sé bana at nær, Grág. ii. 117; at auðnara, at hólpnara, the more happy, Al. 19, Grett. 116 B; þess at meiri, Fms. v. 64; auvirðismaðr at meiri, Sturl. ii. 139; maðr at vaskari, id.; at feigri, any the more fey, Km. 22; maðr at verri, all the worse, Nj. 168; ok er ‘at’ firr…, at ek vil miklu heldr, cp. Lat. tantum abest… ut, Eg. 60.β. following after a negation; eigi at síðr, no less, Nj. 160, Ld. 146; eigi… at meiri maðr, any better, Eg. 425, 489; erat héra at borgnara, any the better off for that, Fms. vii. 116; eigi at minni, no less for that, Edda (pref.) 146; eigi at minna, Ld. 216, Fms. ix. 50; ekki at verri drengr, not a bit worse for that, Ld. 42; er mér ekki son minn at bættari, þótt…, 216; at eigi vissi at nær, any more, Fas. iii. 74.IX. following many words:1. verbs, esp. those denoting, a. to ask, enquire, attend, seek, e. g. spyrja at, to speer (ask) for; leita at, to seek for; gæta, geyma at, to pay attention to; huga, hyggja at; hence atspurn, to enquire, aðgæzla, athugi, attention, etc.β. verbs denoting laughter, play, joy, game, cp. the Engl. to play at …, to laugh at …; hlæja, brosa at e-u, to laugh, smile at it; leika (sér) at e-u, to play at; þykja gaman at, to enjoy; hæða, göra gys at …, to make sport at …γ. verbs denoting assistance, help; standa, veita, vinna, hjálpa at; hence atstoð, atvinna, atverk:—mode, proceeding; fara at, to proceed, hence atför and atferli:—compliance; láta, fara at e-u, v. above:— fault; e-t er at e-u, there is some fault in it, Fms. x. 418; skorta at e-u, to fall short of, xi. 98:—care, attendance; hjúkra at, hlýja at, v. these words:—gathering, collecting; draga, reiða, flytja, fá at, congerere:—engagement, arrival, etc.; sækja at, to attack; ganga at, vera at, to be about; koma at, ellipt. to arrive: göra at, to repair: lesta at, to impair (v. above); finna at, to criticise (mod.); telja at, id.: bera at, to happen; kveða at e-m, to address one, 625. 15, (kveða at (ellipt.) now means to pronounce, and of a child to utter (read) whole syllables); falla at, of the flood-tide (ellipt.): metaph. of pains or straits surrounding one; þreyngja, herða at, to press hard: of frost and cold, with regard to the seasons; frjósa at, kólna at, to get really cold (SI. 44), as it were from the cold stiffening all things: also of the seasons themselves; hausta, vetra að, when the season really sets in; esp. the cold seasons, ‘sumra at’ cannot be used, yet we may say ‘vára að’ when the spring sets in, and the air gets mild.δ. in numberless other cases which may partly be seen below.2. connected ellipt. with adverbs denoting motion from a place; norðan, austan, sunnan, vestan at, those from the north, east…; utan at, innan at, from the outside or inside.3. with adjectives (but rarely), e. g. kærr, elskr, virkr (affectionate), vandr (zealous), at e-m; v. these words.WITH ACC.TEMP.: Lat. post, after, upon, esp. freq. in poetry, but rare in prose writers, who use eptir; nema reisi niðr at nið (= maðr eptir mann), in succession, of erecting a monument, Hm. 71; in prose, at þat. posthac, deinde, Fms. x. 323, cp. Rm., where it occurs several times, 2, 6, 9, 14, 18, 24, 28, 30, 35; sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, has to take the inheritance after his father, Grág. i. 170 new Ed.; eiga féránsdóm at e-n, Grág. i. 89; at Gamla fallinn, after the death of G., Fms. x. 382; in Edda (Gl.) 113 ought to be restored, grét ok at Oð, gulli Freyja, she grat (wept) tears of gold for her lost husband Od. It is doubtful if it is ever used in a purely loc. sense; at land, Grág. (Sb.)ii. 211, is probably corrupt; at hönd = á hönd, Grág. (Sb.) i. 135; at mót = at móti, v. this word.☞ In compounds (v. below) at- or að- answers in turn to Lat. ad- or in- or con-; atdráttr e. g. denotes collecting; atkoma is adventus: it may also answer to Lat. ob-, in atburðr = accidence, but might also be compared with Lat. occurrere.2.and að, the mark of the infinitive [cp. Goth. du; A. S. and Engl. to; Germ. zu]. Except in the case of a few verbs ‘at’ is always placed immediately before the infinitive, so as to be almost an inseparable part of the verb.I. it is used either,1. as, a simple mark of the infinitive, only denoting an action and independent of the subject, e. g. at ganga, at hlaupa, at vita, to go, to run, to know; or,2. in an objective sense when following such verbs as bjóða segja…, to invite, command …; hann bauð þeim at ganga, at sitja, be bade, ordered them to go, sit, or the like; or as gefa and fá; gefa e-m at drekka, at eta, to give one to drink or to eat, etc. etc.β. with the additional notion of intention, esp. when following verba cogitandi; hann ætlaði, hafði í hyggju at fara, he had it in his mind to go (where ‘to go’ is the real object to ætlaði and hafði í hyggju).3. answering to the Gr. ινα, denoting intention, design, in order to; hann gékk í borg at kaupa silfr, in order to buy, Nj. 280; hann sendi riddara sína með þeim at varðveita þær, 623. 45: in order to make the phrase more plain, ‘svá’ and ‘til’ are frequently added, esp. in mod. writers, ‘svá at’ and contr. ‘svát’ (the last however is rare), ‘til at’ and ‘til þess at,’ etc.II. in the earlier times the infin., as in Greek and Lat., had no such mark; and some verbs remain that cannot be followed by ‘at;’ these verbs are almost the same in Icel. as in Engl.:α. the auxiliary verbs vil, mun ( μέλλω), skal; as in Engl. to is never used after the auxiliaries shall, will, must; ek vil ganga, I will go; ek mun fara, (as in North. E.) I mun go; ek skal göra þat, I shall do that, etc.β. the verbs kunna, mega, as in Engl. I can or may do, I dare say; svá hygginn at hann kunni fyrir sökum ráða, Grág. ii. 75; í öllu er prýða má góðan höfðingja, Nj. 90; vera má, it may be; vera kann þat, id.: kunnu, however, takes ‘at’ whenever it means to know, and esp. in common language in phrases such as, það kann að vera, but vera kann þat, v. above.γ. lata, biðja, as in Engl. to let, to bid; hann lét (bað) þá fara, he let (bade) them go.δ. þykkja, þykjast, to seem; hann þykir vera, he is thought to be: reflex., hann þykist vera, sibi videtur: impers., mér þykir vera, mibi videtur, in all cases without ‘at.’ So also freq. the verbs hugsa, hyggja, ætla, halda, to think, when denoting merely the act of thinking; but if there be any notion of intention or purpose, they assume the ‘at;’ thus hann ætlaði, hugði, þá vera góða menn, he thought them to be, acc. c. inf.; but ætlaði at fara, meant to go, etc.ε. the verbs denoting to see, bear; sjá, líta, horfa á … ( videre); heyra, audire, as in Engl. I saw them come, I heard him tell, ek sá þá koma, ek heyrði hann tala.ζ. sometimes after the verbs eiga and ganga; hann gékk steikja, be went to roast, Vkv. 9; eiga, esp. when a mere periphrasis instead of skal, móður sína á maðr fyrst fram færa (better at færa), Grág. i. 232; á þann kvið einskis meta, 59; but at meta, id. l. 24; ráða, nema, göra …, freq. in poetry, when they are used as simple auxiliary verbs, e. g. nam hann sér Högna hvetja at rúnum, Skv. 3. 43.η. hljóta and verða, when used in the sense of must (as in Engl. he must go), and when placed after the infin.of another verb; hér muntu vera hljóta, Nj. 129; but hljóta at vera: fara hlýtr þú, Fms. 1. 159; but þú hlýtr at fara: verða vita, ii. 146; but verða at vita: hann man verða sækja, þó verðr (= skal) maðr eptir mann lifa, Fms. viii. 19, Fas. ii. 552, are exceptional cases.θ. in poetry, verbs with the verbal neg. suffix ‘-at,’ freq. for the case of euphony, take no mark of the infinitive, where it would be indispensable with the simple verb, vide Lex. Poët. Exceptional cases; hvárt sem hann vill ‘at’ verja þá sök, eða, whatever he chooses, either, Grág. i. 64; fyrr viljum vér enga kórónu at bera, en nokkut ófrelsi á oss at taka, we would rather bear no crown than …, Fms. x. 12; the context is peculiar, and the ‘at’ purposely added. It may be left out ellipt.; e. g. þá er guð gefr oss finnast (= at finnast), Dipl. ii. 14; gef honum drekka (= at drekka), Pr. 470; but mostly in unclassical writers, in deeds, or the like, written nastily and in an abrupt style.3.and að, conj. [Goth. þatei = οτι; A. S. þät; Engl. that; Germ, dass; the Ormul. and Scot. at, see the quotations sub voce in Jamieson; in all South-Teutonic idioms with an initial dental: the Scandinavian idioms form an exception, having all dropped this consonant; Swed. åt, Dan. at]. In Icel. the Bible translation (of the 16th century) was chiefly based upon that of Luther; the hymns and the great bulk of theol. translations of that time were also derived from Germany; therefore the germanised form það frequently appears in the Bible, and was often employed by theol. authors in sermons since the time of the Reformation. Jón Vidalin, the greatest modern Icel. preacher, who died in 1720, in spite of his thoroughly classical style, abounds in the use of this form; but it never took root in the language, and has never passed into the spoken dialect. After a relative or demonstr. pronoun, it freq. in mod. writers assumes the form eð, hver eð, hverir eð, hvað eð, þar eð. Before the prep. þú (tu), þ changes into t, and is spelt in a single word attú, which is freq. in some MS.;—now, however, pronounced aððú, aððeir, aððið …, = að þú…, with the soft Engl. th sound. It gener. answers to Lat. ut, or to the relat. pron. qui.I. that, relative to svá, to denote proportion, degree, so…, that, Lat. tam, tantus, tot…, ut; svá mikill lagamaðr, at…, so great a lawyer, that…, Nj. 1; hárið svá mikit, at þat…, 2; svá kom um síðir því máli, at Sigvaldi, it came so far, that…, Fms. xi. 95, Edda 33. Rarely and unclass., ellipt. without svá; Bæringr var til seinn eptir honum, at hann … (= svá at), Bær. 15; hlífði honum, at hann sakaði ekki, Fas. iii. 441.II. it is used,1. with indic, in a narrative sense, answering partly to Gr. οτι, Lat. quod, ut, in such phrases as, it came to pass, happened that …; þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, Nj. 2; þat var á palmdrottinsdag, at Ólafr konungr gékk út um stræti, Fms. ii. 244.2. with subj. answering to Lat. acc. with infin., to mark the relation of an object to the chief verb, e. g. vilda ek at þú réðist, I wished that you would, Nj. 57.β. or in an oblique sentence, answering to ita ut…; ef svá kann verða at þeir láti…, if it may be so that they might…, Fms. xi. 94.γ. with a subj. denoting design, answering to ϊνα or Lat. ut with subj., in order that; at öll veraldar bygðin viti, ut sciat totus orbis, Stj.; þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, at þeir dæi eigi af sulti, ut ne fame perirent, Nj. 265; fyrsti hlutr bókarinnar er Kristindómsbálkr, at menn skili, in order that men may understand, Gþl. p. viii.III. used in connection with conjunctions,1. esp. þó, því, svá; þó at freq. contr. þótt; svát is rare and obsolete.α. þóat, þótt (North. E. ‘thof’), followed by a subjunctive, though, although, Lat. etsi, quamquam (very freq.); þóat nokkurum mönnum sýnist þetta með freku sett… þá viljum vér, Fms. vi. 21: phrases as, gef þú mér þó at úverðugri, etsi indignae (dat.), Stj. MS. col. 315, are unclass., and influenced by the Latin: sometimes ellipt. without ‘þó,’ eigi mundi hón þá meir hvata göngu sinni, at (= þóat) hon hraeddist bana sinn, Edda 7, Nj. 64: ‘þó’ and ‘at’ separated, svarar hann þó rétt, at hann svari svá, Grág. i. 23; þó er rétt at nýta, at hann sé fyrr skorinn, answering to Engl. yet—though, Lat. attamen —etsi, K. Þ. K.β. því at, because, Lat. nam, quia, with indic.; því at allir vóru gerfiligir synir hans, Ld. 68; því at af íþróttum verðr maðr fróðr, Sks. 16: separated, því þegi ek, at ek undrumst, Fms. iii. 201; því er þessa getið, at þat þótti, it i s mentioned because …, Ld. 68.γ. svá at, so that, Lat. ut, ita ut; grátrinn kom upp, svá at eingi mátti öðrum segja, Edda 37: separated, so … that, svá úsvúst at …, so bad weather, that, Bs. i. 339, etc.2. it is freq. used superfluously, esp. after relatives; hver at = hverr, quis; því at = því, igitur; hverr at þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða, Fms. v. 159; hvern stvrk at hann mundi fá, 44; ek undrumst hvé mikil ógnarraust at liggr í þér, iii. 201; því at ek mátti eigi þar vera elligar, því at þar var kristni vel haldin, Fas. i. 340.IV. as a relat. conj.:1. temp, when, Lat. quum; jafnan er ( est) mér þá verra er ( quum) ek fer á braut þaðan, en þá at ( quum) ek kem, Grett. 150 A; þar til at vér vitum, till we know, Fms. v. 52; þá at ek lýsta (= þá er), when, Nj. 233.2. since, because; ek færi yðr (hann), at þér eruð í einum hrepp allir, because of your being all of the same Rape, Grág. i. 260; eigi er kynlegt at ( though) Skarphéðinn sé hraustr, at þat er mælt at…, because (since) it is a saying that…, Nj. 64.V. in mod. writers it is also freq. superfluously joined to the conjunctions, ef að = ef, si, (Lv. 45 is from a paper MS.), meðan að = meðan, dum; nema að, nisi; fyrst að = fyrst, quoniam; eptir að, síðan að, postquam; hvárt að = hvárt, Lat. an. In the law we find passages such as, þá er um er dæmt eina sök, at þá eigu þeir aptr at ganga í dóminn, Grág. i. 79; ef þing ber á hina helgu viku, at þat á eigi fyrir þeim málum at standa, 106; þat er ok, at þeir skulu reifa mál manna, 64; at þeir skulu með váttorð þá sök sækja, 65: in all these cases ‘at’ is either superfluous or, which is more likely, of an ellipt. nature, ‘the law decrees’ or ‘it is decreed’ being understood. The passages Sks. 551, 552, 568, 718 B, at lokit (= at ek hefi lokit), at hugleitt (= at ek hefi h.), at sent (= at ek hefi sent) are quite exceptional.4.and að, an indecl. relat. pronoun [Ulf. þatei = ος, ος αν, οστις, οσπερ, οιος, etc.; Engl. that, Ormul. at], with the initial letter dropped, as in the conj. at, (cp. also the Old Engl. at, which is both a conj. and a pronoun, e. g. Barbour vi. 24 in Jamieson: ‘I drede that his gret wassalage, | And his travail may bring till end, | That at men quhilc full litil wend.’ | ‘His mestyr speryt quhat tithings a t he saw.’—Wyntoun v. 3. 89.) In Icel. ‘er’ (the relat. pronoun) and ‘at’ are used indifferently, so that where one MS. reads ‘er,’ another reads ‘at,’ and vice versâ; this may easily be seen by looking at the MSS.; yet as a rule ‘er’ is much more freq. used. In mod. writers ‘at’ is freq. turned into ‘eð,’ esp. as a superfluous particle after the relative pron. hverr (hver eð, hvað eð, hverir eð, etc.), or the demonstr. sá (sá eð, þeir eð, hinir eð, etc.):—who, which, that, enn bezta grip at ( which) hafði til Íslands komið, Ld. 202; en engi mun sá at ( cui) minnisamara mun vera, 242; sem blótnaut at ( quae) stærst verða, Fms. iii. 214; þau tiðendi, at mér þætti verri, Nj. 64, etc. etc.5.n. collision (poët.); odda at, crossing of spears, crash of spears, Höfuðl. 8.6.the negative verbal suffix, v. -a. -
22 esercizio
m (pl -zi) exercise( pratica) practicedi impianti operation, use( anno finanziario) financial year, AE fiscal yearnegozio shopesercizio pubblico commercial premises* * *esercizio s.m.1 exercise: esercizi a cinque dita per pianoforte, five-finger exercises for the piano; esercizi di grammatica, grammar exercises; esercizi ginnici, gymnastic exercises; fare un esercizio, to do an exercise; fare esercizi al piano, to do piano exercises // essere fuori esercizio, to be out of practice // fare dell'esercizio, to get (o take) some exercise; sei ingrassato, fai esercizio in palestra, you have put on weight, get (o take) some exercise in the gym // tenersi in esercizio, to keep in practice; è meglio tenersi in esercizio per non dimenticare la lingua, it's better to keep practising (o to keep your practise up) in order not to forget a language // esercizi spirituali, religious exercises2 ( uso, pratica) use, practice, employment, exercise: esercizio delle facoltà mentali, exercise of the mental faculties; esercizio di autorità, exertion of authority; esercizio di una professione, practice of a profession; esercizio dell'avvocatura, law practice; nell'esercizio delle proprie funzioni, in the exercise of one's duties; entrare in esercizio, ( di impianti) to go into operation (o to begin operating); porre in esercizio, to put into service // (dir.) esercizio di un diritto, assertion of a right4 ( negozio) shop, store; ( azienda) business concern, firm: licenza d'esercizio, trading licence; pubblico esercizio, public (commercial) concern5 ( gestione) management, running; ( periodo di gestione) financial period, financial year; business year, trading year: esercizio contabile, accounting period; esercizio finanziario, budgetary (o accounting o financial) year; costi d'esercizio, operating costs; l'esercizio 1985 si è chiuso in deficit, the balance of the 1985 financial year showed a deficit; esercizio provvisorio, provisional budget.* * *1) exercise, practicefare un po' di esercizio — to take o get some exercise
2) scol. univ. exercise3) (attuazione) discharge, dispatch; (di potere, diritto, virtù) exercise4) (attività commerciale) (negozio) shop, business; (azienda) business, company, firm5) (attività professionale) practice6) econ. (periodo)esercizio finanziario — fiscal year, financial year BE
•esercizio di culto — worship, practice of religious rites
* * *eserciziopl. -zi /ezer't∫ittsjo, tsi/sostantivo m.1 exercise, practice; esercizio fisico physical exercise; fare un po' di esercizio to take o get some exercise; esercizio al trapezio trapeze act; essere fuori esercizio to be out of practice2 scol. univ. exercise; esercizio di pronuncia pronunciation drill3 (attuazione) discharge, dispatch; (di potere, diritto, virtù) exercise; nell'esercizio delle sue funzioni in the execution of his duty4 (attività commerciale) (negozio) shop, business; (azienda) business, company, firm; aprire un esercizio commerciale to start up a business5 (attività professionale) practiceesercizio di culto worship, practice of religious rites. -
23 ἀπάγω
ἀπάγω fut. ἀπάξω LXX; 2 aor. ἀπήγαγον. Pass.: fut. ἀπαχθήσομαι LXX; 1 aor. ἀπήχθην Ac 12:19; pf. ptc. ἀπηγμένος; plupf. 3 sg. ἀπῆκτο Gen 40:3 (Hom.+).① to lead or move someone or someth. from a place, lead off, take away, to water Lk 13:15. W. acc. of pers. and indication of goal (Ps 59:11; 3 Km 1:38) με εἰς τὴν Ἀρκαδίαν Hs 9, 1, 4 (Diod S 5, 51, 4 Διόνυσος ἀπήγαγε τὴν Ἀριάδνην εἰς τὸ ὄρος). σὲ ἀ. ἐν τῷ ναῷ Κυρίου GJs 6:1. ποῦ σε ἀπάξω καὶ σκεπάσω σου τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην; where shall I take you to hide your shame? 17:3. Abs. Ac 24:6(7) v.l. (cp. next).② to conduct a pers. from one point to another in a legal process, legal t.t.ⓐ bring before πρὸς Καϊάφαν Mt 26:57; πρὸς τὸν ἀρχιερέα Mk 14:53. ἐπὶ βασιλεῖς Lk 21:12. εἰς τὸ συνέδριον Lk 22:66. εἰς τὸ ἱερόν GJs 15:2.—Mt 27:2. Of a witness Ac 23:17.ⓑ lead away a prisoner or condemned man (cp. Andoc. 4, 181; Demosth. 23, 80; PPetr II, 10 [2], 7; PLille 7, 12f οὗτος ἀπήγαγέν με εἰς τὸ δεσμοτήριον; OGI 90, 14; Gen 39:22; Philo, De Jos. 154) Mk 14:44; 15:16; AcPl Ha 4, 13. Cp. intr. Rv 13:10 v.l.ⓒ lead away to execution (Diod S 13, 102, 3; POxy 33, I 8, al.; Sus 45 Theod.; EpJer 17; En 10:13 εἰς τὸ χάος τοῦ πυρός; Jos., Bell. 6, 155, Ant. 19, 269; Just., A I, 31, 6 al.) ἀ. εἰς τὸ σταυρῶσαι to crucify ( him) Mt 27:31. With no addition (Aesop., Fab. 56 P. [for this Halm 112 and H-H. 56 ὑπάγω]; Esth 1:1o) Lk 23:26; J 19:16 v.l., but s. also P66 Supplement v.l., ’58, 38. Pass. ἐκέλευσεν ἀπαχθῆναι he ordered that they be led away (Polyaenus 5, 2, 16 ἀπαχθῆναι προσέταξεν) to execution Ac 12:19. εἰς ʼΡώμην IEph 21:2.③ intr. to mark an extension along a route. Of a road lead, run (like Lat. ducere) εἴς τι (Vita Aesopi W 4 ἀπάγουσα ὁδὸς εἰς τὴν πόλιν; Stephanus Byzantius [VI A.D.], Ethnica ed. Meineke I p. 287 Εὔτρησις, κώμη … κεῖται παρὰ τ. ὁδὸν τὴν ἐκ Θεσπιῶν εἰς Πλαταιὰς ἀπάγουσαν): εἰς τ. ἀπώλειαν to destruction Mt 7:13 (TestAbr A 11 p. 90, 7 [Stone p. 28]; B 8 p. 113, 2 [Stone p. 74]). εἰς τ. ζωήν vs. 14. Of pers. leave (s. ἄγω 5) ἀπά̣γ̣ει ἀπὸ τῶν ἀδελφῶν AcPl Ha 7, 18.④ to cause to depart from correct behavior, pass. be misled, carried away (Lucian, Catapl. 26 πρὸς ὕβριν) πρὸς τὰ εἴδωλα led astray to idols 1 Cor 12:2. ἡδοναῖς καὶ ἐπιθυμίαις ἀπαγόμενοι carried away by pleasures and desires Dg 9:1 ἀπα̣γ̣ο̣μ̣έ̣ν̣ο̣υ̣ς κ̣α̣[ὶ κα]τ̣ανδραπ̣οδ̣ι̣ζ̣ομένο̣υ̣ς led off and enslaved AcPl Ha 1, 10.—M-M. -
24 самосуд
1) General subject: lynch law, lynch-law, mob law, rough justice, take the law into your own hands (Ты не должен совершать самосуд - You shouldn't take the law into your own hands), vigilante justice, lynch, mob rule, vigilantism, summary execution2) Law: Halifax law, frontier justice, gibbet law, mob punishment3) Diplomatic term: kangaroo court, kangarooed court -
25 Einstellung
Einstellung f 1. BANK suspension; 2. COMP set-up, setting; 3. GEN cessation, closure, stoppage, frame of mind; adjustment (eines Geräts); stance (Haltung); 4. MGT attitude; 5. PERS recruitment, engagement, hiring; 6. V&M attitude; 7. RECHT closing (Verfahren); stay (vorläufige) • welche Einstellung haben Sie zu dieser Frage? GEN what is your stance on this issue?, how do you stand with regard to this issue?* * *f 1. < Bank> suspension; 2. < Comp> set-up, setting; 3. < Geschäft> cessation, closure, stoppage, frame of mind, eines Geräts adjustment, Haltung stance; 4. < Mgmnt> attitude; 5. < Person> recruitment, engagement, hiring; 6. <V&M> attitude; 7. < Recht> Verfahren closing vorläufige stay ■ welche Einstellung haben Sie zu dieser Frage? < Geschäft> what is your stance on this issue?, how do you stand with regard to this issue?* * *Einstellung
(Arbeitskräfte) engagement, enlistment, employment, placement, signing on, hire, hiring, recruitment, recruiting, (Beendigung) cessation, stoppage, discontinuance, (Betrieb) shutdown, discontinuance, suspension of operations, (Meinung) reaction, approach, (inneres Verhältnis) attitude, behavio(u)r, (Verkauf, Verkehr) discontinuance;
• arbeitsfeindliche Einstellung anti-jobs attitude;
• bevorzugte Einstellung preferential hiring (US);
• bürokratische Einstellung bureaucratism, red-tapism;
• gewerkschaftsfeindliche Einstellung anti-union attitude, blackleggery (Br.);
• industriefeindliche Einstellung anti-industry stance;
• kapitalistische Einstellung capitalistic spirit;
• persönliche Einstellung personal attitude;
• rückschrittliche Einstellung unprogressiveness;
• verweigerte Einstellung refusal to employ;
• vorläufige Einstellung suspension;
• Einstellung eines leitenden Angestellten senior appointment;
• Einstellung der Arbeit suspension of (cessation from) work, stoppage, (Streik) strike, walkout (US);
• Einstellung zur Arbeit work attitude, attitude towards work;
• Einstellung ungelernter Arbeiter dilution of labo(u)r;
• Einstellung von Arbeitskräften hire of labo(u)r, recruitment;
• Einstellung der Auslandshilfe cutoff of foreign aid;
• Einstellung der Bautätigkeit construction work stoppage;
• Einstellung des Buchungsverkehrs für Revisionszwecke cutoff;
• Einstellung einer Fertigung (bestimmter Fertigungszweige) line shutup;
• Einstellung des Flugverkehrs suspension of air service;
• Einstellung eines Gerichtsverfahrens abatement of action;
• Einstellung wegen Geringfügigkeit (Verfahren) prosequi;
• Einstellung des Geschäftsbetriebes (der Geschäftstätigkeit) suspension (discontinuance) of business, cessation of trade;
• bevorzugte Einstellung von Gewerkschaftsmitgliedern preferential hiring of union members;
• Einstellung aus dem Jahresüberschuss allocation from the net earnings;
• Einstellung des Konkursverfahrens closing of bankruptcy proceedings;
• Einstellung des Konsumenten consumer attitude;
• Einstellung der Lieferung cessation of delivery, disconnection of service;
• Einstellung von Minderheitsangehörigen minority hiring;
• Einstellung der Öffentlichkeit public attitude;
• Einstellung einer Buslinie discontinuance of a bus line;
• Einstellung in die Pauschalwertberichtigung von Forderungen general reserves for accounts receivables (US);
• Einstellung auf Probe probationary appointment;
• Einstellung eines Prozesses abatement of an action;
• Einstellung des Reiseverkehrs discontinuance of travel;
• Einstellung in freie Rücklagen allocation to reserve fund;
• Einstellung in die offenen Rücklagen (Bilanz) allocation to declared (published) reserves, transfers to surplus reserves;
• Einstellungen in Sonderposten mit Rücklageanteil transfer to special reserves;
• Einstellung der Tätigkeit aller öffentlichen Dienste total suspension of all public services;
• Einstellung eines Teilbetriebes cessation of a branch;
• Einstellung des Verbrauchers consumer attitude;
• Einstellung des Verfahrens stay of proceedings, abatement of action;
• Einstellung des Verkehrs abandonment of lines;
• Einstellung der Zahlungen stoppage, suspension of payments, failure;
• Einstellung der Zwangsvollstreckung stay of execution;
• Einstellung des Zwangsvollstreckungsverfahrens stay of foreclosure;
• jds. Einstellung für eine Stelle durchsetzen to obtain s. one’s appointment for a post. -
26 saca
f.1 sack.2 big sack, mailbag.3 taking out.pres.indicat.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: sacar.imperat.2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: sacar.* * *1 large sack\saca de correos mailbag* * *ISF1) (=saco) big sacksaca de correo, saca de correos — mailbag
2) LAm [de ganado] herd of cattle, moving herd of cattleIISF (=acción) [gen] taking out, withdrawal; (Com) exportestar de saca — (Com) to be on sale; [mujer] to be of marriageable age
* * *femenino sack* * *femenino sack* * *sackCompuesto:( Esp) mailbag* * *
Del verbo sacar: ( conjugate sacar)
saca es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
saca
sacar
sacar ( conjugate sacar) verbo transitivo
1 ( extraer)
‹pistola/espada› to draw;
saca algo DE algo to take o get sth out of sth;◊ lo saqué del cajón I took o got it out of the drawer
‹riñón/cálculo› to remove;
2 (poner, llevar fuera)
tuvimos que sacalo por la ventana we had to get it out through the window;
saca el perro a pasear to take the dog out for a walk;
saca el coche del garaje to get the car out of the garageb) ( invitar):
saca a algn a bailar to ask sb to dance
◊ me sacó la lengua he stuck o put his tongue out at me
3 ( retirar) to take out;◊ saca dinero del banco to take out o withdraw money from the bank
4 ( de una situación difícil) saca a algn DE algo ‹de apuro/atolladero› to get sb out of sth
5 (Esp) ‹ dobladillo› to let down;
‹pantalón/falda› ( alargar) to let down;
( ensanchar) to let out
( obtener)
1 ‹pasaporte/permiso› to get;
‹entrada/billete› to get, buy
2
3 ‹ beneficio› to get;
‹ ganancia› to make;◊ ¿qué sacas con eso? what do you gain by doing that?;
no sacó ningún provecho del curso she didn't get anything out of the course
4 saca algo DE algo ‹idea/información› to get sth from sth;
‹porciones/unidades› to get sth out of sth;
sacale algo A algn ‹dinero/información› to get sth out of sb
5 ‹ brillo› to bring out;
1
‹ disco› to bring out, release;
‹modelo/producto› to bring out
‹ copia› to make, take;
‹ apuntes› to make, take;
2
( salvar de la crisis) to keep sth going;◊ luché tanto para saca adelante a mis hijos I fought so hard to give my children a good start in life
3 (Dep) ‹tiro libre/falta› to take
( quitar) (esp AmL)a) sacale algo A algn ‹botas/gorro› to take sth off sbb) sacale algo a algo ‹tapa/cubierta› to take sth off sthc) ( retirar):
saquen los libros de la mesa take the books off the table
verbo intransitivo (Dep) (en tenis, vóleibol) to serve;
( en fútbol) to kick off
sacarse verbo pronominal ( refl)
1 ( extraer) ‹astilla/púa› to take … out;
‹ ojo› to poke … out;
sacase algo DE algo to take sth out of sth;
sácate las manos de los bolsillos take your hands out of your pockets
2 (AmL) ( quitarse) ‹ropa/zapatos› to take off;
‹ maquillaje› to remove, take off
3
saca sustantivo femenino
1 (acción) extraction
2 (bolsa) sack, large bag
sacar
I verbo transitivo
1 (de un sitio) to take out
sacar la cabeza por la ventana, to stick one's head out of the window
sacar dinero del banco, to withdraw money from the bank
2 (un beneficio, etc) to get
3 (extraer una cosa de otra) to extract, get: de la uva se saca vino, you get wine from grapes
4 (una solución) to work out
sacar conclusiones, to draw conclusions
5 (descubrir, resolver) no consigo sacar esta ecuación, I can't resolve this equation
6 (un documento) to get
7 (una entrada, un billete) to buy, get
8 (de una mala situación) sacar a alguien de algo, to get sb out of sthg
sacar de la pobreza, to save from poverty
9 (manifestar, dar a conocer) de repente, sacó su malhumor, he got into a strop all of a sudden
10 (una novedad) han sacado un nuevo modelo de televisor, they've brought out a new television model again
11 (poner en circulación) to bring out, release
12 familiar (producir) esa máquina saca más de 2.500 piezas a la hora, this machine can produce more than 2,500 parts an hour
(una fotografía, una copia) to take
13 familiar (aparecer alguien o algo en un medio de comunicación) lo sacaron por la tele, it was on television
14 familiar (superar a alguien en algo) ha crecido mucho, ya le saca la cabeza a su padre, he's grown a lot o he's already taller than his father
15 (un jugador una carta o una ficha) to draw
16 (una mancha) to get out
17 Cost (de largo) to let down
(de ancho) to let out
II vi Dep (en tenis) to serve
(en fútbol, baloncesto, etc) to kick off
♦ Locuciones: sacar a alguien a bailar, to ask sb to dance
sacar a relucir, to point out
sacar adelante, to keep going
sacar en claro o limpio, to make sense of
sacar la lengua, to stick one's tongue out
sacar pecho, to thrust one's chest out
' saca' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
media
- pezuña
- sacar
- valija
- cabeza
- conclusión
- cuenta
- limpio
English:
bug
- clingy
- distraction
- exasperate
- from
- suck up
- drive
- make
- wild
* * *saca nf1. [bolsa, saco] sacksaca de correo Br postbag, US mailbag2. Carib, Col [de ganado] herd* * *f sack -
27 attente
attente [atɑ̃t]feminine nouna. ( = expectative) waitb. ( = espoir) expectation• répondre à l'attente or aux attentes de qn to come up to sb's expectations* * *atɑ̃ten attente — [passager] waiting; [dossier, affaire] pending (jamais épith); Télécommunications [appel, demandeur] on hold (épith, après n)
commandes en attente — Commerce back orders
2) ( espoir) expectations (pl)* * *atɑ̃t nf1) (de qn, d'un train, d'un événement) waitdeux heures d'attente — two hours' wait, a two-hour wait
en attente (dossier) — pending, (projet) on hold
2) (= espérance) expectation* * *attente nf1 ( processus) waiting ¢; ( période) wait; l'attente du verdict est angoissante waiting for the verdict is agonizing; l'attente n'en finissait pas the wait was interminable; il y a deux heures d'attente there's a two-hour wait; mon attente a été vaine I waited in vain ou for nothing; vivre dans l'attente du facteur to spend one's life waiting for the postman GB ou mailman US; vivre dans l'attente des repas to live in anticipation of the next meal; dans l'attente de notre rencontre/de vous lire looking forward to our meeting/to hearing from you; en attente [passager] waiting; [dossier, demande, affaire] pending ( jamais épith); Télécom [appel, demandeur] on hold ( épith, après n); commandes en attente Comm back orders; le dossier est resté en attente the file is pending ou is being held over; employé en attente de mutation employee awaiting transfer; commande en attente d'exécution order waiting to be filled; en attente de la décision du juge pending a decision from the judge; mettre un avion en attente to stack a plane; laisser 23 mailles en attente ( au tricot) to leave 23 stitches on a holder;2 ( espoir) expectations (pl); répondre à/dépasser l'attente de qn to come up to/to exceed sb's expectations; contrairement à/contre toute attente contrary to/against all expectations.[atɑ̃t] nom féminin1. [fait d'attendre, moment] waitle plus dur, c'est l'attente the toughest part is the waitingpendant l'attente du verdict/des résultats while awaiting the sentence/results2. [espérance] expectation————————dans l'attente de locution prépositionnelle1. [dans le temps]2. [dans la correspondance]dans l'attente de vous lire/de votre réponse/de vous rencontrer looking forward to hearing from you/to your reply/to meeting youen attente locution adverbialeen attente locution adjectivale -
28 procedere
carry onfig ( agire) proceedlaw procedere contro qualcuno take legal proceedings against s.o.* * *procedere v. intr.1 to proceed, to advance, to go* on, to continue advancing: le automobili procedevano lentamente, cars procedeed slowly; procedete!, go on (o proceed)!; procedevano in silenzio, they went on in silence; dopo una breve pausa l'oratore procedette, after a short pause the orator went on; il lavoro non procede, the work isn't proceeding (o going on); i lavori di restauro procedono lentamente, the restoration work is proceeding slowly; come procedono gli affari?, how's business going?; i miei studi procedono bene, my studies are going well // prima di procedere oltre, before we proceed any further; procedi oltre, questo non m'interessa, go on, this does not interest me // procedere cautamente, to proceed cautiously // procedere con ordine, to proceed in an orderly manner // procedere di buon passo, to walk briskly2 ( agire, comportarsi) to act, to behave; ( trattare) to deal*: dovresti procedere con più tatto con quell'uomo, you should deal more tactfully with that man; non mi piace il tuo modo di procedere, I don't like the way you behave3 (dir.) to proceed: procedere contro qlcu., to proceed against s.o.; procedere per vie legali contro qlcu., to take legal action against s.o. // procedere a un'inchiesta, to institute an inquiry // procedere a un'esecuzione forzata, to levy execution // non luogo a procedere, nonsuit (o no case): sentenza di non luogo a procedere, nonsuit judgement4 (non com.) ( derivare, aver origine) to proceed, to originate: tutti i suoi guai procedono dalla sua avventatezza, all his troubles proceed from (o are due to) his rashness // il Figlio procede dal Padre, the Son proceeds from the Father5 ( accingersi) to start, to proceed: decisero di procedere alla perforazione del pozzo, they decided to start the drilling of the well; procediamo alla votazione, let's proceed to the voting.procedere s.m.1 ( il progredire) process, passing, progress: lamentarsi per il lento procedere dei lavori, to complain about the slow progress of the work; il procedere del tempo, the passing of time; col procedere del tempo, as time passes2 ( condotta, comportamento) conduct, behaviour, way of dealing: non approvo il suo procedere verso quell'uomo, I do not approve of his behaviour towards that man.* * *[pro'tʃɛdere]1) (aus. essere) [persona, veicolo] to proceed, to move (along)procedere a fatica — [ persona] to plough through, to struggle along (anche fig.)
2) (aus. essere) [lavoro, progetto, studi] to come* along, to get* along, to proceed, to progresscome procede la tua tesi? — how's your thesis coming o getting along?
tutto procede secondo i piani — everything is proceeding o going according to plan
3) (aus. avere) (continuare) to go* on, to carry on, to proceed4) (aus. avere) (passare, dare avvio) to proceed, to pass on, to go* on (a to)procedere alla votazione di qcs. — to put sth. to the vote
5) (aus. avere) dir.procedere contro qcn. — to proceed against sb.
procedere per via legale contro qcn. — to bring a o take legal action against sb.
* * *procedere/pro't∫εdere/ [2]1 (aus. essere) [persona, veicolo] to proceed, to move (along); procedere con prudenza to proceed with caution o care; procedere velocemente to rush along; procedere a fatica [ persona] to plough through, to struggle along (anche fig.)2 (aus. essere) [lavoro, progetto, studi] to come* along, to get* along, to proceed, to progress; come procede la tua tesi? how's your thesis coming o getting along? tutto procede secondo i piani everything is proceeding o going according to plan4 (aus. avere) (passare, dare avvio) to proceed, to pass on, to go* on (a to); procedere al ballottaggio to proceed with the ballot; procedere alla votazione di qcs. to put sth. to the vote5 (aus. avere) dir. procedere contro qcn. to proceed against sb.; procedere per via legale contro qcn. to bring a o take legal action against sb.; non luogo a procedere nonsuit -
29 Т-187
В ТОЧНОСТИ PrepP Invar adv or modif) (to do sth.) with complete accuracy, (to be like s.o. or sth.) with regard to every detailexactlyprecisely to the letter to a hair to a T.Она (белая олениха) была в точности такая, как Рогатая мать-олениха (Айтматов 1). She (the white doe) was exactly like the Horned Mother Deer (1a).«Я предложил господину градоначальнику обратиться за помощью в Санкт-Петербург, к часовых и органных дел мастеру Винтергальтеру, что и было ими выполнено в точности» (Салтыков-Щедрин 1). "...(I proposed) to Mr. Town Governor that he turn to St. Petersburg for help, to Winterhalter, master craftsman of clockworks and music boxes, which is precisely what he did" (1a).«Я счастлив, что имею в настоящий момент возможность сообщить вам, что это поручение я в точности исполнил...»(Федин 1). UI am happy that I am now able to inform you that I carried out your mission to the letter..." (1a).Десятого октября, в тот самый день, как Дохтуров прошёл половину дороги до Фоминского и остановился в деревне Аристове, приготавливаясь в точности исполнить отданное приказание, всё французское войско... вдруг без причины повернуло влево на новую Калужскую дорогу... (Толстой 7). ( context transl) On the tenth of October, the same day on which Dokhturov had covered half the distance to Fominskoe and stopped at the village of Aristovo in preparation for the scrupulous execution of the orders he had been given, the entire French army...for no apparent reason, turned off to the left onto the new Kaluga road... (7a). -
30 в точности
[PrepP; Invar; adv or modif]=====⇒ (to do sth.) with complete accuracy, (to be like s.o. or sth.) with regard to every detail:- exactly;- precisely;- to a hair;- to a T.♦ Она [белая олениха] была в точности такая, как Рогатая мать-олениха (Айтматов 1). She [the white doe] was exactly like the Horned Mother Deer (1a).♦ "Я предложил господину градоначальнику обратиться за помощью в Санкт-Петербург, к часовых и органных дел мастеру Винтергальтеру, что и было ими выполнено в точности" (Салтыков-Щедрин 1). "...[I proposed] to Mr. Town Governor that he turn to St. Petersburg for help, to Winterhalter, master craftsman of clockworks and music boxes; which is precisely what he did" (1a).♦ "Я счастлив, что имею в настоящий момент возможность сообщить вам, что это поручение я в точности исполнил..."(Федин 1). "I am happy that I am now able to inform you that I carried out your mission to the letter..." (1a).♦ Десятого октября, в тот самый день, как Дохтуров прошёл половину дороги до Фоминского и остановился в деревне Аристове, приготавливаясь в точности исполнить отданное приказание, все французское войско... вдруг без причины повернуло влево на новую Калужскую дорогу... (Толстой 7). [context transl] On the tenth of October, the same day on which Dokhturov had covered half the distance to Fominskoe and stopped at the village of Aristovo in preparation for the scrupulous execution of the orders he had been given, the entire French army...for no apparent reason, turned off to the left onto the new Kaluga road... (7a).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > в точности
-
31 trabajo
m.1 work.una casa tan grande da mucho trabajo a big house like that is a lot of workhacer un buen trabajo to do a good jobtrabajo de campo field worktrabajo en o de equipo teamworktrabajo físico physical efforttrabajo intelectual mental efforttrabajo manual manual labortrabajos forzados o forzosos hard labortrabajo de oficina office worktrabajo social social worktrabajo sucio dirty worktrabajo temporal temporary work2 job (empleo).buscar/encontrar trabajo to look for/find work o a jobno tener trabajo to be out of work3 work (place).en el trabajo at workir al trabajo to go to work4 essay (escrito) (por estudiante).5 labor (economics & politics).6 effort (esfuerzo).costar mucho trabajo to take a lot of efforttomarse el trabajo de hacer algo to go to o take the trouble of doing something7 work place, job, workplace.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: trabajar.* * *1 (ocupación) work2 (tarea) task, job3 (empleo) job, employment4 (esfuerzo) effort5 EDUCACIÓN report, paper1 figurado (penalidades) hardships\ahorrarse el trabajo to save oneself the troublecon gran trabajo / con mucho trabajo with great effortcuesta trabajo... it's hard to...estar sin trabajo to be out of workir al trabajo to go to worksin trabajo (fácilmente) easilytomarse el trabajo de to take the trouble totrabajo a destajo pieceworktrabajo de chinos familiar very intricate work, time-consuming worktrabajo de equipo teamworktrabajo de media jornada part-time jobtrabajo eventual casual labour (US labor)trabajo intelectual brainworktrabajo por turno / trabajo por turnos shiftworktrabajos forzados / trabajos forzosos hard labour (US labor) singtrabajos manuales arts and crafts, handicrafts* * *noun m.1) work, job2) labor3) effort* * *SM1) (=labor) work¡buen trabajo! — good work!
•
ropa de trabajo — work clothes•
estar sin trabajo — to be unemployedquedarse sin trabajo — to find o.s. out of work, lose one's job
trabajo de campo, trabajo en el terreno — fieldwork
trabajo manual — manual labour, manual labor (EEUU)
trabajos forzados — hard labour sing, hard labor (EEUU) sing
trabajos manuales — (Escol) handicrafts
2) (tb: puesto de trabajo) jobno encuentro trabajo — I can't find work o a job
3) (tb: lugar de trabajo) workvivo cerca de mi trabajo — I live near work o near my workplace
4) (=esfuerzo)han sido muchos años de trabajo para ganar el pleito — it has taken many years' hard work to win the lawsuit
•
ahorrarse el trabajo — to save o.s. the trouble•
costar trabajo, le cuesta trabajo hacerlo — he finds it hard to do•
dar trabajo, reparar la casa nos ha dado mucho trabajo — it was hard work o a real job repairing the house•
tomarse el trabajo de hacer algo — to take the trouble to do sth5) (=obra) (Arte, Literat) work; (Educ) essay; [de investigación] study6) (Econ)a) (=mano de obra) labour, labor (EEUU)b) (tb: Ministerio de Trabajo) ≈ Department of Employment, ≈ Department of Labor (EEUU)* * *1)a) ( empleo) jobconseguir trabajo — to get o find work, to get o find a job
buscar trabajo — to look for work o for a job
un trabajo de media jornada or (AmL) de medio tiempo or (Esp) a tiempo parcial — a part-time job
trabajo de jornada completa or de or a tiempo completo — full-time work o job
b) ( lugar) work2) (actividad, labor) workfue premiado por su trabajo en esa película — he was given an award for his performance in that movie
3)a) ( tarea) joblimpiar el horno es un trabajo que odio — cleaning the oven is a job o chore I hate
b) ( obra escrita) piece of work4) ( esfuerzo)se tomó/dio el trabajo de venir — she took the trouble to come
5) (Econ) labor** * *1)a) ( empleo) jobconseguir trabajo — to get o find work, to get o find a job
buscar trabajo — to look for work o for a job
un trabajo de media jornada or (AmL) de medio tiempo or (Esp) a tiempo parcial — a part-time job
trabajo de jornada completa or de or a tiempo completo — full-time work o job
b) ( lugar) work2) (actividad, labor) workfue premiado por su trabajo en esa película — he was given an award for his performance in that movie
3)a) ( tarea) joblimpiar el horno es un trabajo que odio — cleaning the oven is a job o chore I hate
b) ( obra escrita) piece of work4) ( esfuerzo)se tomó/dio el trabajo de venir — she took the trouble to come
5) (Econ) labor** * *trabajo11 = employment, endeavour [endeavor, -USA], job, labour [labor, -USA], leg work, occupation, task, work, working environment, workload [work load], pursuit, workmanship, footwork, handwork, professional position, working practice, pursuit in life, handiwork, lifework, line of business, toil, industry.Ex: Under WOMEN -- EMPLOYMENT, for instance, are listed works on the health and safety hazards of employment, the wages of employment, the problems of mothers, married and/or single women and employment, and so on.
Ex: Eventually, it came to be recognized that the Classification Research Group's endeavours might be pertinent to the problem of alphabetical indexing.Ex: To ease the cataloguer's job and save him the trouble of counting characters, DOBIS/LIBIS uses a special function.Ex: An editor is a person who prepares for publication an item not his own and whose labour may be limited to the preparation of the item for the manufacturer.Ex: DOBIS/LIBIS may replace the typewriter, the catalog card, and much leg work, but it cannot replace the decision-making capabilities of the library staff.Ex: Headings such as SALESMEN AND SALESMANSHIP and FIREMEN, since they are assigned to works covering the activities of both men and women in these occupations, are not specific.Ex: Further, menu screens will be necessary until the user has specified the task that he wishes executed or the information that he wishes to retrieve sufficiently for execution or retrieval to be effected.Ex: The Classification Research Group (CRG) has been a major force in the development of classification theory, and has made a major contribution towards work on a new general classification scheme.Ex: This article examines the various features now available on copiers and comments on the usefulness in a working environment.Ex: Each of these changes, if we were to deal with them in an adequate manner, create severe workload problems for the cataloging department.Ex: What is more arguable is whether or not it is a bibliographical pursuit at all since it bears little relationship to the physical nature of the book.Ex: William R Lethaby, the architect who had Westminster Abbey in his charge for over twenty years, once said 'Art is thoughtful workmanship'.Ex: If we decide to take on making up a subject file there'd be a lot of footwork even if we use that list as a basis = Si decidimos aceptar crear un fichero ordenado por materias habría mucho trabajo incluso si usamos esta lista como base.Ex: The newspaper's suppression after the first issue was not, as some historians have declared, the handwork of Massachusetts' Puritan clergy = La supresión del periódico después de su primer número no fue, como algunos historiadores han declarado, por la intervención del clero puritano de Massachussetts.Ex: In virtually all of her professional positions she has been involved with the handling of documents.Ex: While many believe that print on paper will never die, new formats are already changing working practice in many spheres.Ex: People who are blind, regardless of their pursuit in life, will not have access to current information, books, learning, or education opportunities unless all libraries and blindness organizations agree to work together.Ex: Rather than bringing in butchers to do the handiwork of his dissections, Vesalius himself worked on the human cadavers and said that students of medicine should do the same.Ex: This is an eloquent, moving testament to the lifework of a major artist of unimpeachable technique and passion.Ex: The computer people are muscling in on our line of business and we can't stop them.Ex: Furthermore, the computer can be used, and is already being used, to eliminate drudgery, busywork, and useless toil in library systems.Ex: In fact, the terms of the contrast are highly ambivalent: order vs. anarchy, liberty vs. despotism, or industry vs. sloth, and also dissimulation vs. honesty.* acoso en el trabajo = workplace mobbing.* agenda de trabajo = work agenda.* agobiado de trabajo = up to + Posesivo + eyeballs in work.* ahorrar el trabajo de = save + effort in.* almuerzo de trabajo = work luncheon.* ámbito de trabajo = field of endeavour.* amor al trabajo = love of work.* ansiedad en el trabajo = job anxiety, work anxiety.* anterior al trabajo = pre-service.* anuncio de trabajo = help wanted ad, help wanted notice.* anuncios de trabajo = help-wanted advertising.* año de trabajo = man year.* ascender en el trabajo = step up + the career ladder.* ascenso en el trabajo = job promotion.* aspirar a un puesto de trabajo = aspire to + position.* asunto relacionado con el trabajo = work-related issue.* avanzar en + Posesivo + trabajo = advance + Posesivo + work, advance + Posesivo + work.* basado en el trabajo en equipo = team-based.* bibliografía de trabajo = working bibliography.* biblioteconomía especializada en el trabajo de referencia = reference librarianship.* bolsa de trabajo = labour exchange, job opportunities, employment bureau, employment centre, employment opportunity, job centre, job pool.* borrador de trabajo = working paper.* buscador de trabajo = job applicant, job seeker.* buscar trabajo = seek + employment.* buscar trabajo en la calle = work + the streets.* campo de trabajo = field of endeavour.* campo de trabajos forzados = labour camp, forced labour camp.* cantidad de trabajo = workload [work load].* carga de trabajo = workload [work load].* centro de trabajo = workplace.* cobrar en un trabajo = job + pay.* comenzar el turno de trabajo = go on + duty.* comida de trabajo = business meal, professional meal.* compañero de trabajo = co-worker [coworker], male colleague, work colleague, fellow worker.* complementos del trabajo = fringe benefits, fringes.* conciliación del trabajo y la familia = reconciliation of work and family.* con demasiado trabajo = overworked.* condiciones del contrato de trabajo = terms of employment.* condiciones de trabajo = working conditions.* con mucho trabajo = painfully.* conseguir un puesto de trabajo = obtain + position.* conseguir un trabajo = enter + job, land + job.* con trabajo = in post.* contratar al primero que solicita el trabajo = hire on a first-come, first-take basis.* contrato de trabajo = contract position.* conversación de trabajo = shop talk.* costar mucho trabajo = have + a tough time, have + a hard time.* costar trabajo = have + Posesivo + work cut out for + Pronombre, have + Posesivo + job cut out for + Pronombre.* cualquier trabajo temporal = casual job.* cubrir un puesto de trabajo = fill + position.* cuestión relacionada con el trabajo = work-related issue.* dar permiso en el trabajo = give + time off work.* dar trabajo = present + burden.* dedicar trabajo = expend + effort.* definición de trabajo = working definition.* dejar a Alguien sin trabajo = put + Nombre + out of work.* dejar el puesto de trabajo = resign from + Posesivo + post.* dejar el trabajo = resign from + Posesivo + post, quit + Posesivo + job, jump + ship.* dejar sin trabajo = put + Nombre + out of work.* dejar un puesto de trabajo = resign from + Posesivo + position.* dejar un trabajo = quit, resign + Posesivo + post.* denominación del puesto de trabajo = job title, occupational title.* dentro del mismo trabajo = intraoccupational.* derecho del trabajo = employment law.* desarrollar + Posesivo + trabajo = advance + Posesivo + work.* desarrollar un plan de trabajo = develop + agenda.* descripción del puesto de trabajo = job description, position description, job profile.* desempeñar un trabajo = exercise + work.* despedir del trabajo = make + redundant.* después del horario de trabajo = after hours [after-hours].* de trabajo = working.* día del trabajo = Labour Day.* día de trabajo = working day.* día internacional del trabajo = Labour Day.* diario automático de trabajo = time log.* dignidad del trabajo = dignity of work.* dinámica de trabajo = workflow [work flow].* distribución del trabajo = workflow [work flow].* distribuir el trabajo = spread + the load.* división del trabajo = division of labour.* documento de trabajo = working document, working draft.* eficacia en el trabajo = quality of service.* elaborar un plan de trabajo = develop + agenda.* eliminar puestos de trabajo = shed + jobs, axe + jobs, cut + jobs.* empresa de trabajo = industrial affiliation.* encomendar un trabajo a Alguien = assign + job.* encontrar trabajo = find + a job.* encontrar trabajo en una biblioteca = join + library.* en el horario de trabajo = on company time.* en el trabajo = on-the-job, at work.* enseñanza antes de empezar el trabajo = pre-service education.* enseñanza en el trabajo = in-service education.* entorno de trabajo = working environment, work environment.* entrevista de trabajo = job interview.* equipo de trabajo = study team, project team, work team.* esclavo del trabajo = workaholic.* escribir un trabajo = write + essay.* espacio de trabajo = workspace.* específico de un trabajo concreto = job-specific.* estación de trabajo = workstation [work station], desktop workstation.* estación de trabajo remota = outstation.* estadía de trabajo = work visit.* estar mareado de tanto trabajo = be reeling.* estar relacionado con el trabajo = be work related.* estar saturado de trabajo = work to + capacity.* estar sin trabajo = stay out of + work.* estrategia que ahorra trabajo = labour saver.* estrés en el trabajo = job stress.* evaluar el rendimiento en el trabajo = evaluate + work performance.* excedencia en el trabajo = leave of absence.* ficha de trabajo = worksheet, project worksheet.* formación continua en el trabajo = workplace training, workplace learning.* formación en el trabajo = in-service training, in-service education, in-service, on-the-job training, in-service support.* funciones del puesto de trabajo = position + entail + duty.* grupo de trabajo = study group, study team, task force, working party, task group, research group, working group, project team.* grupo de trabajo por tema de interés = breakout group.* guía de trabajo = working guide.* hábito de trabajo = work habit, working habit.* hablar del trabajo = talk + shop.* hacer + Posesivo + trabajo = get on with + Posesivo + work.* hacer (todo) el trabajo pesado = do (all) + the donkey work.* hacer un buen trabajo = do + a good job.* hacer un trabajo = do + work, do + job.* hacer un trabajo sobre = do + a project about.* hasta aquí de trabajo = up to + Posesivo + eyeballs in work.* hasta el cuello de trabajo = up to + Posesivo + eyeballs in work.* herramienta de trabajo = tool, tool.* hora de trabajo = man-hour.* horario de trabajo = hours of operation, working hours, work hours.* horario intenso de trabajo = long hours, the.* horarios de trabajo demasiado cargados = over-long hours.* igualdad de oportunidad en el trabajo = equal employment opportunity.* igualdad de retribución por un trabajo de valor comparable = equal pay for comparable work.* igualdad de retribución por un trabajo de igual valor = equal pay for equal work.* incentivo en el trabajo = work incentive, labour incentive.* indicador del trabajo realizado = workload indicator.* intercambio de puestos de trabajo = job exchange.* jornada de trabajo = workshop.* liberar del exceso de trabajo = relieve + overload.* liberar de trabajo = relieve + pressure.* línea de trabajo = line of work.* llamar al trabajo para excusarse por enfermedad = call in + sick.* llegar tarde al trabajo = be late for work.* lugar de trabajo = affiliation, institutional affiliation, working environment, workplace, place of work, worksite [work site], home institution.* lugar de trabajo del autor = author affiliation.* magistratura del trabajo = industrial tribunal.* marco de trabajo = framework.* medida de seguridad e higiene en el trabajo = health and safety standard.* memoria de trabajo = working memory.* mercado de trabajo = labour market, job market.* mercado de trabajo, el = employment market, the.* mesa de trabajo = desk, study table.* método de trabajo = working method.* Ministerio de Trabajo = Department of Labor.* modelo de trabajo = working model, business model.* mucho trabajo = hard graft.* negligente en el trabajo = malpractitioner.* neurosis producida por el trabajo = occupational neurosis.* NISTF (Grupo de Trabajo sobre los Sistemas Nacionales de Información de la A = NISTF (Society of American Archivists National Information Systems Task Force).* no perder el trabajo = stay in + work.* norma de trabajo = working rule.* no tener trabajo = be unemployed.* obtener un puesto de trabajo = obtain + position.* ocupar un puesto de trabajo = assume + position, take up + post, hold + post.* oferta de trabajo = job advertisement, job offer, help wanted ad, help wanted notice.* ofertas de trabajo = help-wanted advertising.* oportunidad de trabajo = career opportunity.* organización del trabajo = workflow [work flow], working arrangement.* paquete de trabajo = workpackage.* para trabajos pesados = heavy-duty.* pérdida de puestos de trabajo = squeeze on jobs.* permiso de trabajo = work permit.* permuta de trabajo = job exchange.* persona encargada de hacer los trabajos sucios = hatchetman.* persona obsesiva con el trabajo = workoholic [workholic], workaholic.* persona que asigna el trabajo = assigner.* persona que deja un trabajo = leaver.* persona que reparte el trabajo = assigner.* personas sin trabajo remunerado, los = unwaged, the.* plan de trabajo = research agenda, work plan, working plan, work schedule.* política de trabajo = policy.* postura exigida por el trabajo = work posture.* proceso de trabajo = work process.* programa de formación en el trabajo = in-service training program(me).* programa de trabajo = work schedule.* programa de trabajo como interno residente = residency.* promoción en el trabajo = job promotion.* propuesta de trabajo = project proposal.* proyecto de trabajo = work project.* puente de trabajo = catwalk.* puesto de trabajo = appointment, position, post, opening, career path, professional position, position held.* puesto de trabajo de libre designación = line position.* puesto de trabajo ocupado = position held.* puestos de trabajo ocupados = positions held.* quitar puestos de trabajo = shed + jobs, axe + jobs, cut + jobs.* realizar el trabajo = get + Posesivo + work done.* realizar + Posesivo + trabajo = advance + Posesivo + work.* realizar un trabajo = perform + work, undertake + work.* realizar un trabajo monótono = have + Posesivo + nose to the grindstone.* red de trabajo = peer-to-peer network.* relacionado con el trabajo = job-related, work-related.* relación de trabajo = working relation, working relationship, work relationship, work relation.* relativo al trabajo = occupational.* rendimiento en el trabajo = work performance.* reunión de trabajo = business meeting, business session.* ropa de trabajo = work clothes.* rutina de trabajo = work process.* sala de trabajo = workroom.* salir del trabajo = clock off + work.* salud en el trabajo = occupational health.* satisfacción en el trabajo = job satisfaction, work satisfaction.* segregación en el trabajo = job segregation, employment segregation.* seguridad en el trabajo = safety at work, occupational safety.* sesión de trabajo = work session, working session.* sicología del trabajo = occupational psychology.* sin trabajo = jobless.* sobrecargado de trabajo = overworked.* sociología del trabajo = sociology of work.* soliciante de trabajo = job applicant.* solicitud de trabajo = job application.* superficie de trabajo = working surface, work surface.* taller de trabajo = workshop, study school.* taller de trabajo esclavo = sweatshop.* taller de trabajo sobre composición = writing workshop.* tener trabajo para rato = have + Posesivo + work cut out for + Pronombre, have + Posesivo + job cut out for + Pronombre.* tener un segundo trabajo = moonlight, work + a second job.* tener un trabajo = hold down + job.* tener un trabajo remunerado = be gainfully employed.* tener un trabajo retribuido = be gainfully employed.* tensión en el trabajo = job stress.* tensión producida por el trabajo = occupational stress.* terminar turno de trabajo = come off + duty.* toda una vida de trabajo = a lifetime of work.* tomarse excedencia en el trabajo = take + leave from + employment.* tomarse + Expresión Temporal + de permiso en el trabajo = take + Expresión Temporal + off, have + Expresión Temporal + off work.* tomarse unos días de permiso en el trabajo = take + time off work.* tomarse unos días de permiso en el trabajo = take + time off, take + time out.* trabajo académico = academic work.* trabajo a destajo = piecework.* trabajo a distancia = telecommuting, teleworking, telework.* trabajo administrativo de apoyo = clerical work.* trabajo a medias = job share.* trabajo artesanal = craftsmanship.* trabajo a tiempo parcial = part-time work, part-time employment, part-time job.* trabajo atípico = atypical work.* trabajo autónomo = self-employment.* trabajo bibliográfico = bibliographic work.* trabajo bibliotecario = library work.* trabajo burocrático = paper-keeping.* trabajo científico = scientific work, scholarly work.* trabajo compartido = job sharing.* trabajo complicado = major exercise.* trabajo con documentación automatizada = computer-based information work.* trabajo conjunto = interworking.* trabajo con ordenador = computer work.* trabajo cotidiano = daily work.* trabajo creativo = creative work.* trabajo de alfabetización = literacy work.* trabajo de apoyo = escort work.* trabajo de calidad = best practices, lessons learned [lessons learnt].* trabajo de campo = fieldwork [field work].* trabajo de catalogación = cataloguing work.* trabajo de chinos = fiddly [fiddlier -comp., fiddliest -sup.].* trabajo de clase = term paper, coursework [course work], term project, homework.* trabajo de detective = sleuthing.* trabajo de escolta = escort work.* trabajo de impresión = bookwork.* trabajo de impresión de material efímero = ephemeral jobbing.* trabajo de información y de las bibliotecas = library and information work.* trabajo de investigación = investigative work, research paper, research work.* trabajo de la casa = housework.* trabajo de menores = child labour.* trabajo de poca monta = odd-job.* trabajo de préstamo de servicios = service job.* trabajo de referencia = reference work.* trabajo desinteresado = labour of love.* trabajo detectivesco = sleuthing.* trabajo de toda una vida = life's work, lifework.* trabajo diario = day's work, daily work.* trabajo doméstico = domestic duty, domestic work, domestic task.* trabajo duro = hard labour, thirsty work, hard work.* trabajo duro, mucho trabajo = hard graft.* trabajo editorial = editorship.* trabajo en archivística = archives work.* trabajo en colaboración = interworking.* trabajo en común = interworking.* trabajo en curso = work in progress.* trabajo en equipo = teamwork, collaborative teamwork, team management.* trabajo en red = networking.* trabajo en sucio = rough work.* trabajo entre manos, el = work at hand, the.* trabajo eventual = jobbing.* trabajo físico = physical work.* trabajo improductivo = busywork.* trabajo individual = independent study, self-study.* trabajo infantil = child labour, child work.* trabajo ininterrumpido = continuous work.* trabajo manual = craft, craft activity, handiwork, manual labour.* trabajo monótono = drudge work, drudgery.* trabajo + no faltar = have + Posesivo + work cut out for + Pronombre, have + Posesivo + job cut out for + Pronombre.* trabajo no remunerado = unpaid work, unremunerated work.* trabajo pesado = grind, grinding, donkey work.* trabajo por cuenta propia = self-employment.* trabajo por libre = freelance [free-lance].* trabajo por + Posesivo + cuenta = freelance [free-lance].* trabajo por turnos = shift work.* trabajo práctico = fieldwork [field work], practical work.* trabajo preliminar = groundwork, legwork, spadework [spade work].* trabajo previo = groundwork, spadework [spade work].* trabajo remunerado = work-for-hire, paid work, paid labour.* trabajo rutinario = chore, routine work, mundane task.* trabajos = life's work.* trabajos de impresión de material efímero = jobbing work.* trabajos de rescate = rescue work.* trabajos forzados = forced labour, hard labour.* trabajo social = social work.* trabajo sucio = dirty work.* trabajo sumergido = informal work.* trabajo temporal = temporary job, casual job.* trabajo urgente = hurried work, rush job.* trabajo y esfuerzo = toil and trouble.* turno de trabajo de atención al usuario = desk duty.* un trabajo bien hecho = a job well done.* uso compartido de mesas de trabajo = hot desking.* útil de trabajo = tool.* vida en el trabajo = job life.* visita de trabajo = field trip.trabajo22 = assignment, student paper, work, project work, term project.Ex: The problems and assignments presented are real problems and assignments, and the people involved are real people, all suitably disguised to protect their identity.
Ex: 5 data collection instruments were used: printouts of data base searches executed by students; a questionnaire; bibliographies from student papers; serial holdings of the university library; and interviews with instructors.Ex: An authority entry is an entry for which the initial element is the uniform heading for a person, corporate body, or work, as established by the cataloguing agency responsible.Ex: For instance, if children are doing a project work on dogs, they will hunt out anything and everything that so much as mentions them and the bits thus mined are assiduously transcribed into project folders.Ex: In 1994, 21 students on an introductory course on communication processes completed analyses of 14 different electronic lists or newsgroups as their term projects.* impresor de pequeños trabajos = jobbing house, jobbing office, jobbing printer.* mesa de trabajo = writing desk, work desk.* preparar un trabajo de clase = research + paper.* trabajo de clase = essay assignment, class assignment, course assignment, student assignment, written assignment.* trabajo de lectura obligatoria = a must-read.* trabajo de restauración = restoration work.* trabajo editado = published work.* trabajo escolar = school work [schoolwork].* trabajo impreso = printed work.* trabajo publicado = published work.* trabajos de clase = classroom asignment.* un trabajo cuqlquiera = casual job.* * *A1(empleo): conseguir trabajo to get o find workconsiguió un trabajo muy bien pagado he got himself a very well-paid jobhay dos trabajos interesantes en el periódico de hoy there are two interesting vacancies o jobs in today's paperse fue a la capital a buscar trabajo he went to the capital to look for work o for a jobla pérdida de 200 puestos de trabajo the loss of 200 jobsse quedó sin trabajo she lost her job, she was made redundant, she was let go ( AmE)no tiene trabajo fijo he doesn't have a steady jobun trabajo de media jornada a part-time jobbuscaba trabajo de jornada completa or a tiempo completo or de tiempo completo I was looking for full-time work o for a full-time job2 (lugar) workestá en el trabajo she's at workir al trabajo to go to workllámame al trabajo give me a call at workla estación queda cerca de mi trabajo the station's close to where I workCompuesto:work-sharingB (actividad, labor) worktrabajo intelectual intellectual work o brainworksu capacidad de trabajo es enorme he has an enormous capacity for workla máquina hace el trabajo de cinco personas the machine does the work of five peoplerequiere años de trabajo it takes years of worktodo nuestro trabajo ha sido en vano all our work has been in vainel trabajo en equipo teamworkel trabajo de la casa houseworkes un trabajo especializado/de precisión it's specialized/precision workme tocó a mí hacer todo el trabajo I ended up doing all the work, I got stuck o ( BrE) landed with all the work ( colloq)hoy no puedo, tengo mucho trabajo I can't today, I have o I've got a lot of work to dotengo mucho trabajo acumulado I have a huge backlog of work to doeste bordado tiene mucho trabajo a lot of work has gone into this embroidery¡buen trabajo! te felicito nice work! well donefue premiado por su trabajo en esa película he was given an award for his performance in that moviehacer un trabajo de zapa to work o scheme behind the scenesle he estado haciendo un trabajo de trabajo y ya lo tengo en el bote I've been quietly working on him o softening him up and now I've got him right where I want himCompuestos:piece workagricultural work(CS) work to rulefieldworkfiddly o laborious joblabor*work experienceassembly-line workmpl hard labor*mpl handicrafts (pl)social workvoluntary o ( AmE) volunteer workC1 (tarea, obra) jobes un trabajo que no lo puede hacer cualquiera it's not a job that just anyone can dolimpiar el horno es un trabajo que odio cleaning the oven is a job o chore I hatela satisfacción de un trabajo bien hecho the satisfaction of a job well doneme cobró un dineral por un par de trabajos he charged me a fortune for doing a couple of little jobs o tasks2 (obra escrita) piece of workun trabajo bien documentado a well-documented piece of workestoy haciendo un trabajo sobre Lorca I'm doing a paper/an essay on LorcaD(esfuerzo): con mucho trabajo consiguió levantarse with great effort she managed to get upnos dio mucho trabajo pintarlo painting it was hard work o took a lot of worklos niños dan mucho trabajo children are hard work o a lot of workme cuesta trabajo creerlo I find it hard to believenos costó trabajo convencerla de que viniera we had a hard time persuading her to comese tomó/dio el trabajo de venir a buscarme she took the trouble to come and pick me uppuedes ahorrarte el trabajo de ir hasta allá you can save yourself the trouble o bother of going all the way over thereE ( Econ) labor*el capital y el trabajo capital and laborF ( Fís) work* * *
Del verbo trabajar: ( conjugate trabajar)
trabajo es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
trabajó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
trabajar
trabajo
trabajar ( conjugate trabajar) verbo intransitivo
1 ( en general) to work;
trabajo jornada completa or a tiempo completo to work full-time;
trabajo media jornada to work part-time;
trabajo mucho to work hard;
¿en qué trabajas? what do you do (for a living)?;
estoy trabajando en una novela I'm working on a novel;
trabajo DE or COMO algo to work as sth
2 ( actuar) to act, perform;◊ ¿quién trabaja en la película who's in the movie?
verbo transitivo
1
2 (perfeccionar, pulir) to work on
trabajo sustantivo masculino
1
◊ buscar trabajo to look for work o for a job;
quedarse sin trabajo to lose one's job;
un trabajo fijo a steady job;
un trabajo de media jornada a part-time job;
un trabajo de jornada completa or a tiempo completo a full-time job
ir al trabajo to go to work
2 (actividad, labor) work;
el trabajo de la casa housework;
los niños dan mucho trabajo children are hard work;
¡buen trabajo! well done!;
trabajo de campo fieldwork;
trabajos forzados hard labor( conjugate labor);
trabajos manuales handicrafts (pl);
trabajo voluntario voluntary o (AmE) volunteer work
3
(en universidad, escuela) essay
4 ( esfuerzo):
me cuesta trabajo creerlo I find it hard to believe
trabajar
I verbo intransitivo
1 to work: trabaja de secretaria, she works as a secretary
trabaja en los astilleros, she works in the shipyard
trabaja bien, he's a good worker
2 Cine (actuar) to act: en esta película trabaja mi actriz favorita, my favourite actress is in this movie
II verbo transitivo
1 (pulir, ejercitar, estudiar) to work on: tienes que trabajar más el estilo, you have to work on your style
2 (la madera) to work
(un metal) to work
(la tierra) to work, till
(cuero) to emboss
2 (comerciar) to trade, sell: nosotros no trabajamos ese artículo, we don't stock that item
trabajo sustantivo masculino
1 work: hoy tengo poco trabajo, I have little work today
2 (empleo) job: no tiene trabajo, he is unemployed
3 (esfuerzo) work, effort: nos costó mucho trabajo hacerlo, it was hard to do it
4 Educ (sobre un tema) paper
(de manualidades) craft work
5 (tarea) task
un trabajo de chinos, a laborious job
' trabajo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abarcar
- abundancia
- actual
- adicta
- adicto
- afanosa
- afanoso
- agencia
- agobiada
- agobiado
- agobiante
- antigüedad
- ascender
- asquerosidad
- aterrizar
- balde
- bestialidad
- bicoca
- bolsa
- bordar
- buscar
- cadena
- calendario
- calle
- cambiar
- campo
- capear
- cara
- cargada
- cargado
- caterva
- chapucera
- chapucero
- chapuza
- chollo
- colocarse
- como
- condición
- condicionamiento
- construcción
- cuanta
- cuanto
- cubierta
- cubierto
- dar
- dejar
- desbandada
- descansada
- descansado
- descargar
English:
abandon
- acclaim
- actual
- allocation
- ambivalent
- anxiety
- apathetic
- application
- apply
- apply for
- apprentice
- arm-twisting
- artwork
- assignment
- at
- attack
- backlog
- backup
- barrel
- be-all and end-all
- begrudge
- better
- blouse
- blue
- board
- bog down
- boiler suit
- book
- botch
- bother
- bread-and-butter
- bulk
- burn out
- bury
- busywork
- by
- capacity
- careless
- carry over
- casual
- catch up
- chapter
- choose
- chuck in
- clerical
- collaboration
- colleague
- comedown
- commute
- commuter
* * *trabajo nm1. [tarea, actividad, práctica] work;tengo mucho trabajo que hacer I've got a lot of work to do;una casa tan grande da mucho trabajo a big house like that is a lot of work;uno de los últimos trabajos de Diego Rivera one of Diego Rivera's last works;recibió un Óscar por su trabajo en “Cabaret” she received an Oscar for (her performance in) “Cabaret”;¡buen trabajo! good work!;hacer un buen trabajo to do a good job;[pesado] to be hard work trabajo de campo fieldwork;trabajo físico physical work, manual labour;trabajo intelectual intellectual work;trabajo de investigación research work;trabajo manual manual labour;trabajos manuales [en el colegio] arts and crafts;trabajo de oficina office job;trabajo remunerado paid work;trabajo social social work;trabajo sucio dirty work;trabajo temporal temporary work;trabajo por turnos shiftwork;trabajo voluntario voluntary work2. [empleo] job;buscar/encontrar trabajo to look for/find work o a job;no tener trabajo, estar sin trabajo to be out of work;me he quedado sin trabajo I've been left without a job, I'm out of work;tener un trabajo fijo to have a permanent job3. [lugar] work;en el trabajo at work;ir al trabajo to go to work;¿quieres que pase a recogerte al trabajo? do you want me to pick you up from work?4. [escrito] [por estudiante] essay, paper;hacer un trabajo sobre algo/alguien to write an essay on sth/sb5. [esfuerzo] effort;lograron sacar el armario con mucho trabajo they managed to remove the wardrobe, but not without a lot of effort o but it was no easy task;costar mucho trabajo (a alguien) to take (sb) a lot of effort;me cuesta mucho trabajo levantarme por las mañanas I find it a real struggle getting up in the morning;cuesta trabajo admitir que uno se ha equivocado it's not easy to admit that you're wrong;tomarse el trabajo de hacer algo to go to o take the trouble of doing sth6. Econ & Pol labour7. Fís workpasar trabajos to suffer hardships* * *buscar trabajo be looking for work, be looking for a job;tengo un buen trabajo I have a good job;costar trabajo be hard o difficult;tomarse el trabajo de take the trouble to* * *trabajo nm1) : work, job2) labor: labor, worktengo mucho trabajo: I have a lot of work to do3) tarea: task4) esfuerza: effort5)costar trabajo : to be difficult6)tomarse el trabajo : to take the trouble7)trabajo en equipo : teamwork8) trabajos nmpl: hardships, difficulties* * *trabajo n1. (actividad, esfuerzo) work2. (empleo, tarea) job3. (lugar) work4. (redacción) essay / project -
32 accomplissement
accomplissement [akɔ̃plismɑ̃]masculine noun* * *akɔ̃plismɑ̃* * *akɔ̃plismɑ̃ nm1) [tâche, mission] accomplishment2) [rêve, souhait] fulfilment Grande-Bretagne fulfillment USA3) (individuel, spirituel) fulfilment Grande-Bretagne fulfillment USA* * *accomplissement nm (d'activité, de mission) accomplishment, fulfilmentGB; ( réalisation) realization, achievement; ( épanouissement) (self-)fulfilmentGB.[akɔ̃plismɑ̃] nom masculin1. [exécution]2. [concrétisation]l'accomplissement d'un exploit sportif/d'un miracle the performance of an athletic feat/of a miracle -
33 pratiquer
pratiquer [pʀatike]➭ TABLE 11. transitive verba. ( = mettre en pratique) [+ philosophie, politique] to put into practice ; [+ charité, religion] to practise (Brit), to practice (US)b. ( = exercer) [+ profession, art] to practise (Brit), to practice (US) ; [+ football, golf] to playc. ( = faire) [+ ouverture, trou] to make ; [+ intervention] to carry outd. ( = utiliser) [+ méthode, système] to use2. intransitive verba. [croyant] to practise (Brit) or practice (US) one's religion ; ( = aller à l'église) to go to churchb. [médecin] to be in practice3. reflexive verb━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━+1! pratiquer ne se traduit pas toujours par to practise.* * *pʀatike
1.
1) ( exercer régulièrement) to play [tennis, basket]; to do [athlétisme, canoë, yoga]; to take part in [activité, discipline]; to practise [BrE] [langue]pratiquer l'équitation/l'aviron/le ski — to ride/to row/to ski
pratiquer la médecine — to practise [BrE] medicine
il est croyant mais ne pratique pas — he believes in God but doesn't practise [BrE] his religion
2) ( recourir à) to use [méthode, chantage]; to pursue [politique]; to charge [taux d'intérêt]3) ( effectuer) to carry out [examen, greffe]; to administer [soins]; to make [trou]; to clear [chemin]; to carry out [expulsion]
2.
se pratiquer verbe pronominal [tennis, billard] to be played; [technique, politique] to be used; [prix] to be charged* * *pʀatike1. vt1) (= s'exercer à) to practise Grande-Bretagne to practice USAJe dois pratiquer mon espagnol. — I need to practise my Spanish.
2) [football, rugby, tennis] to play, [course à pied] to do3) (= appliquer) [méthode, théorie] to apply4) [intervention, opération] to carry out5) [ouverture, abri] to make2. viRELIGION to be a churchgoer* * *pratiquer verb table: aimerA vtr1 ( exercer régulièrement) to play [tennis, squash, basket]; to do [athlétisme, canoë, tir à l'arc, yoga]; pratiquer l'équitation/l'aviron/le ski/l'escalade to ride/row/ski/climb; to take part in [activité, discipline]; to practiseGB [langue]; pratiquer la médecine to practiseGB medicine; il ne pratique plus he doesn't practiseGB any more; il est croyant mais ne pratique pas he believes in God but doesn't practiseGB his faith;2 ( mettre à exécution) to use [méthode, chantage]; to pursue [politique]; to charge [taux d'intérêt]; toutes les entreprises pratiquent cette stratégie all companies use ou follow this strategy; pratiquer la concertation/l'ouverture to pursue a policy of consultation/openness; ils pratiquent des tarifs très compétitifs they offer very competitive rates;3 ( effectuer) to carry out [examen, greffe, transfusion]; to administer [soins]; to make [passage, trou]; to clear [chemin]; to carry out [expulsion]; pratiquer un sentier dans un taillis to clear a path through a thicket;B se pratiquer vpr ( être en usage) [tennis, football, billard] to be played; [technique, politique, stratégie] to be used; [prix, tarif] to be charged; c'est un sport qui se pratique beaucoup it's a very popular sport; le volley-ball se pratique essentiellement en salle volley-ball is mainly played indoors; ici le ski/l'équitation/l'aviron se pratique toute l'année here people can go skiing/riding/rowing throughout the year.[pratike] verbe transitif1. [faire - entaille] to make, to cut ; [ - ouverture] to make ; [ - passage] to open up ; [ - intervention chirurgicale] to carry out (separable), to performa. [à la vrille] to bore ou to drill a holeb. [aux ciseaux] to cut (out) a hole2. [appliquer - préceptes, politique] to practise ; [ - autocritique, vertu] to practise, to exercise ; [ - technique] to use, to apply ; [ - censure] to apply ; [ - sélection] to makela vivisection est encore pratiquée dans certains laboratoires vivisection is still carried out ou practised in some laboratories3. [s'adonner à - jeu de ballon] to play ; [ - art martial, athlétisme] to do ; [ - art, médecine, religion] to practise ; [ - langue] to speak ; [ - humour, ironie] to usepratiquer un sport to do ou practise a sport4. [fréquenter]ce sont les prix pratiqués dans tous nos supermarchés these are the current prices in all our supermarkets————————[pratike] verbe intransitifil est catholique, mais il ne pratique pas he is not a practising Catholic————————se pratiquer verbe pronominal -
34 suspendre
suspendre [syspɑ̃dʀ]➭ TABLE 411. transitive verb• suspendre qch à [+ clou, crochet, portemanteau] to hang sth onb. ( = interrompre) to suspend ; [+ récit, négociations, relations diplomatiques] to break off ; [+ audience, séance] to adjourn ; [+ décision] to postponec. ( = destituer) to suspend• suspendre qn de ses fonctions ( = mettre à pied) to suspend sb from office2. reflexive verb• se suspendre à [+ branche, barre] to hang from* * *syspɑ̃dʀ
1.
1) ( pendre) to hang upsuspendre quelque chose/quelqu'un par — to hang something/somebody by
2) ( interrompre) to suspend [émission, publication, relations, paiement]; to end [grève]; to adjourn [séance, réunion, enquête, procès]; to stop [diffusion]3) ( destituer) to suspend [fonctionnaire, médecin, sportif] (de from)
2.
se suspendre verbe pronominal [personne, animal] to hang* * *syspɑ̃dʀ vt1) (= accrocher) [vêtement] to hang up2) (= fixer) [lustre, rideaux] to hang3) (= interrompre) to suspend4) (= destituer) to suspend* * *suspendre verb table: rendreA vtr1 ( pendre) to hang up; suspendre des vêtements/un jambon/un tableau to hang up clothes/a ham/a picture; suspendre qch à qch to hang sth on sth; suspendre un objet à un clou/au mur to hang an object on a nail/on the wall; suspendre qch/qn par to hang sth/sb by;2 ( interrompre) to suspend [émission, publication, relations, paiement]; to end [grève]; to adjourn [séance, réunion, enquête, procès]; to stop [diffusion]; suspendre toute aide économique/l'exécution des travaux/les livraisons de pétrole to suspend all economic aid/work/oil deliveries; la séance est suspendue the meeting is adjourned; suspendre un ordre de grève to suspend strike action; suspendre son souffle to hold one's breath; suspendre la cotation d'une action Fin to suspend a share;3 ( destituer) to suspend [fonctionnaire, médecin, sportif] (de from); l'athlète est suspendu de toutes les épreuves the athlete has been suspended from all events; suspendre qn pour six mois to suspend sb for six months; on m'a suspendu mon permis de conduire○ my licence was suspended.B se suspendre vpr [personne, animal] to hang; se suspendre à une corde/branche to hang from a rope/branch; se suspendre par les bras/pieds to hang by one's arms/feet.[syspɑ̃dr] verbe transitif1. [accrocher - lustre, vêtement] to hang2. [dépendre de]être suspendu à to depend ou to be dependent on3. [interrompre - hostilités] to suspend ; [ - négociations] to break off (separable) ; [ - séance, audience] to adjourn ; [ - récit] to interrupt5. [interdire - émission, journal] to ban[révoquer - fonctionnaire, prêtre, juge] to suspend————————se suspendre à verbe pronominal plus préposition -
35 massa
f masselectronics earthcolloq una massa di cose da fare masses of things to do colloq* * *massa s.f.1 (quantità di materia) mass, body: una massa d'acqua, a body of water; massa d'aria, air mass; una massa di argilla, a mass of clay; si staccò una massa di neve, a mass of snow broke away; una massa di metallo fuso, a mass of molten metal // (pitt.) massa di luce, di ombra, mass of light, of shadow2 (grande quantità, mucchio) heap, load, pile: una massa di libri, a heap of books; una massa di pietre, a heap of stones; una massa di sciocchezze, a load (o a lot of) nonsense; nel tuo compito c'era una massa di errori, there were lots (o a lot) of mistakes in your homework; ha una massa di lavoro arretrato, he has a load of work piled up; avere una massa di cose da fare, to have a load (o pile o lot) of things to do; la massa dei creditori, the general body of creditors // in massa, in bulk; produzione in massa, mass production; vendere in massa, to sell in bulk3 (folla, popolo), mass; crowd, load: allo spettacolo accorse una gran massa, a huge crowd (o a mass of people) attended the show; la gran massa del pubblico, the great mass of the public; nella massa l'individuo tende a scomparire, in the mass the individual tends to disappear; le masse (popolari), the masses; le masse operaie, rurali, the working, rural masses; parlare alle masse, to speak to the masses // far massa, to crowd together // di massa, mass (attr.): cultura di massa, mass culture; scolarizzazione di massa, mass education; partito di massa, mass party; mezzi di comunicazione di massa, mass media // in massa, en masse; i manifestanti si sono riuniti in massa davanti al municipio, the demonstrators assembled en masse in front of the town hall; eravamo presenti in massa, we turned out en masse; si sollevarono in massa, they rose in a body; adunanza in massa, mass-meeting; accorrere in massa, to rush altogether; giudicare in massa, to sentence en masse; esecuzione in massa, mass-execution // (mil.): attacco in massa, mass-attack; leva in massa, general conscription4 (fin., dir.) (fondi, sostanze): massa attiva, liquid assets; massa passiva, liabilities; massa monetaria, money supply (o stock); massa circolante, money in circulation // (dir.): massa fallimentare, bankruptcy assets; massa ereditaria, hereditament (o hereditary estate o legal assets) // (assicurazioni) massa debitoria (nell'avaria generale), contributory values5 (fis.) mass: massa atomica, atomic mass; massa critica, critical mass; massa di riposo, rest mass; massa inerziale, inertial mass; massa isotopica, isotopic mass; centro di massa, centre of mass; difetto di massa, mass defect6 (elettr.) earth, ground.* * *['massa]sostantivo femminile1) (insieme) mass; (di acqua) bodyuna massa di capelli — fig. a bush o mop of hair
2) (grande quantità) masscultura, turismo di massa — mass culture, tourism
scena di massa — cinem. teatr. crowd o mob scene
seguire la massa — to follow the crowd, to go o move with the crowd
4) fis. mass5) el. earth BE, ground AEmettere a massa — to earth BE, to ground AE
* * *massa/'massa/sostantivo f.1 (insieme) mass; (di acqua) body; massa continentale landmass; massa d'aria air mass; una massa di capelli fig. a bush o mop of hair2 (grande quantità) mass; la gente accorse in massa people came in crowds; cultura, turismo di massa mass culture, tourism; scena di massa cinem. teatr. crowd o mob scene3 (popolazione) le -e operaie the labouring masses; seguire la massa to follow the crowd, to go o move with the crowd4 fis. mass -
36 Erledigung
Er·le·di·gung <-, -en> f1) ( Ausführung) execution, carrying out, conducting, dealing with;die \Erledigung der Korrespondenz dealing with the correspondence;in \Erledigung Ihrer Anfrage vom 17. Mai... further to your inquiry dated 17th May...2) ( Besorgung) purchase;ich habe noch ein paar \Erledigungen zu machen I still have to buy a few things -
37 выполнение
с1) (обязанностей и т.п.) executionот вас ждут то́лько выполне́ния свои́х обя́занностей — you are only expected to do your duty
2) (решения, плана и т.п.) implementation; realization -
38 отвечать головой
отвечать (ручаться) головой (за кого, за что)stake one's life on smb., smth.; answer with one's life (head) for smth.; vouch for smb. with one's life- Я за него, за Акима Семёныча, головой готов поручиться - ну, право! (И. Тургенев, Постоялый двор) — 'I'm willing to vouch for him with my life, for Akim Semyonich, honestly!'
Обращаясь к начальнику штаба, Жуков сказал: - Приказ о перегруппировке отдать немедленно. Предупредить командующих армиями, что за точное исполнение отвечают головой. (А. Чаковский, Блокада) — Addressing the Chief of Staff, Zhukov said, 'Pass on the order to regroup at once. Warn the Army Commanders that they answer with their lives for its exact execution.'
Генри направился к двери и... бросил: - За успех отвечаете головой! (В. Черняк, Час пробил) — Henry started for the door, and... said casually, 'It'll be your head if the operation fails!'
Русско-английский фразеологический словарь > отвечать головой
-
39 data
1.do, dĕdi, dătum, dăre (also in a longer form, dănunt = dant, Pac., Naev., and Caecil. ap. Non. 97, 14 sq.; Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 48; id. Ps. 3, 1, 1 et saep.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 68, 12 Müll.— Subj.:I.duim = dem,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 6; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 38:duis,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 81; id. Men. 2, 1, 42:duas = des,
id. Merc. 2, 3, 67; id. Rud. 5, 3, 12; an old formula in Liv. 10, 19:duit,
Plaut. As. 2, 4, 54; id. Aul. 1, 1, 23; an old formula in Liv. 22, 10 init.:duint,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 126; id. Ps. 4, 1, 25; id. Trin. 2, 4, 35; Ter. And. 4, 1, 43; id. Phorm. 3, 2, 34 al.— Imper.: DVITOR, XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 21, 3, 5 ex conject.—Inf.: DASI = dari, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 68, 13 Müll.:dane = dasne,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 22.—The pres. pass., first pers., dor, does not occur), v. a. [Sanscr. dā, da-dā-mi, give; Gr. di-dô-mi, dôtêr, dosis; cf.: dos, donum, damnum], to give; and hence, with the greatest variety of application, passing over into the senses of its compounds, derivatives, and synonyms (edere, tradere, dedere; reddere, donare, largiri, concedere, exhibere, porrigere, praestare, impertire, suppeditare, ministrare, subministrare, praebere, tribuere, offerre, etc.), as, to give away, grant, concede, allow, permit; give up, yield, resign; bestow, present, confer, furnish, afford; offer, etc. (very freq.).In gen.:(β).eam carnem victoribus danunt, Naev. ap. Non. l. l.: ea dona, quae illic Amphitruoni sunt data,
Plaut. Am. prol. 138; cf.:patera, quae dono mi illic data'st,
id. ib. 1, 3, 36:dandis recipiendisque meritis,
Cic. Lael. 8; cf.:ut par sit ratio acceptorum et datorum,
id. ib. 16, 58: ut obsides accipere non dare consuerint, Caes. B. G. 1, 4 fin.:obsides,
id. ib. 1, 19, 1;1, 31, 7 et saep.: patriam (sc. mundum) dii nobis communem secum dederunt,
Cic. Rep. 1, 13:hominibus animus datus est ex illis sempiternis ignibus,
id. ib. 6, 15; cf. ib. 6, 17:ea dant magistratus magis, quae etiamsi nolint, danda sint,
id. ib. 1, 31; cf.imperia,
id. ib. 1, 44:centuria, ad summum usum urbis fabris tignariis data,
id. ib. 2, 22:Lycurgus agros locupletium plebi, ut servitio, colendos dedit,
id. ib. 3, 9 fin.:ei filiam suam in matrimonium dat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 5:litteras ad te numquam habui cui darem, quin dederim,
Cic. Fam. 12, 19: litteras (ad aliquem), to write to one, saep.; cf. id. Att. 5, 11;and in the same signif.: aliquid ad aliquem,
id. ib. 10, 8 fin.:litteras alicui, said of the writer,
to give one a letter to deliver, id. ib. 5, 15 fin.;of the bearer, rarely,
to deliver a letter to one, id. ib. 5, 4 init.: colloquium dare, to join in a conference, converse ( poet.), Lucr. 4, 598 (Lachm.;al. videmus): colloquiumque sua fretus ab urbe dedit,
parley, challenge, Prop. 5, 10, 32:dare poenas,
to give satisfaction, to suffer punishment, Sall. C. 18:alicui poenas dare,
to make atonement to any one; to suffer for any thing, Ov. M. 6, 544; Sall. C. 51, 31;v. poena: decus sibi datum esse justitia regis existimabant,
Cic. Rep. 1, 41:quoniam me quodammodo invitas et tui spem das,
id. ib. 1, 10:dabant hae feriae tibi opportunam sane facultatem ad explicandas tuas litteras,
id. ib. 1, 9; cf.:ansas alicui ad reprehendendum,
id. Lael. 16, 59:multas causas suspicionum offensionumque,
id. ib. 24:facultatem per provinciam itineris faciundi,
Caes. B. G. 1, 7, 5;for which: iter alicui per provinciam,
id. ib. 1, 8, 3; Liv. 8, 5; 21, 20 al.:modicam libertatem populo,
Cic. Rep. 2, 31:consilium,
id. Lael. 13:praecepta,
id. ib. 4 fin.:tempus alicui, ut, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 3:inter se fidem et jusjurandum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3 fin.:operam,
to bestow labor and pains on any thing, Cic. de Or. 1, 55:operam virtuti,
id. Lael. 22, 84;also: operam, ne,
id. ib. 21, 78:veniam amicitiae,
id. ib. 17:vela (ventis),
to set sail, id. de Or. 2, 44, 187:dextra vela dare,
to steer towards the right, Ov. 3, 640:me librum L. Cossinio ad te perferendum dedisse,
Cic. Att. 2, 1:sin homo amens diripiendam urbem daturus est,
id. Fam. 14, 14 et saep.: ita dat se res, so it is circumstanced, so it is, Poëta ap. Cic. N. D. 2, 26; cf.:prout tempus ac res se daret,
Liv. 28, 5 et saep.— Impers.: sic datur, so it goes, such is fate, i. e. you have your reward, Plaut. Truc. 4, 8, 4; id. Ps. 1, 2, 22; id. Men. 4, 2, 40; 64; id. Stich. 5, 6, 5.— Part. perf. sometimes (mostly in poets) subst.: dăta, ōrum, n., gifts, presents, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 72; Prop. 3, 15, 6 (4, 14, 6 M.); Ov. M. 6, 363 (but not in Cic. Clu. 24, 66, where dona data belong together, as in the archaic formula in Liv. 22, 10 init.:DATVM DONVM DVIT, P. R. Q.).— Prov.: dantur opes nulli nunc nisi divitibus,
Mart. 5, 81, 2; cf.:dat census honores,
Ov. F. 1, 217.—Poet. with inf.:(γ).da mihi frui perpetuā virginitate,
allow me, Ov. M. 1, 486; id. ib. 8, 350:di tibi dent captā classem reducere Trojā,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 191; so id. ib. 1, 4, 39; id. Ep. 1, 16, 61; id. A. P. 323 et saep.—With ne:II.da, femina ne sim,
Ov. M. 12, 202.In partic.A.In milit. lang.1.Nomina, to enroll one's self for military service, to enlist, Cic. Phil. 7, 4, 13; Liv. 2, 24; 5, 10; cf.2.transf. beyond the military sphere,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 38.—Manus (lit., as a prisoner of war, to stretch forth the hands to be fettered; cf. Cic. Lael. 26, 99;3.hence),
to yield, surrender, Nep. Ham. 1, 4;and more freq. transf. beyond the milit. sphere,
to yield, acquiesce, Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 72; Cic. Lael. 26, 99; id. Att. 2, 22, 2; Caes. B. G. 5, 31, 3; Ov. H. 4, 14; id. F. 3, 688; Verg. A. 11, 568; Hor. Epod. 17, 1 al.—Terga, for the usual vertere terga; v. tergum.—B. 1.Esp. in jurid. lang.: DO, DICO, ADDICO, the words employed by the praetor in the execution of his office; viz. DO in the granting of judges, actions, exceptions, etc.; DICO in pronouncing sentence of judgment; ADDICO in adjudging the property in dispute to one or the other party; cf. Varr. L. L. 6, § 30 Müll.;2.hence called tria verba,
Ov. F. 1, 47.—Datur, it is permitted, allowed, granted; with subj. clause: quaesitis diu terris, ubi sistere detur, Ov. M. 1, 307:C.interim tamen recedere sensim datur,
Quint. 11, 3, 127:ex quo intellegi datur, etc.,
Lact. 5, 20, 11.—In philos. lang., to grant a proposition:D.in geometria prima si dederis, danda sunt omnia: dato hoc, dandum erit illud (followed by concede, etc.),
Cic. Fin. 5, 28, 83; id. Tusc. 1, 11, 25; id. Inv. 1, 31 fin. —Designating the limit, to put, place, carry somewhere; and with se, to betake one's self somewhere:E.tum genu ad terram dabo,
to throw, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 17; cf.:aliquem ad terram,
Liv. 31, 37; Flor. 4, 2 fin.:me haec deambulatio ad languorem dedit!
has fatigued me, Ter. Heaut. 4, 6, 3:hanc mihi in manum dat,
id. And. 1, 5, 62:praecipitem me in pistrinum dabit,
id. ib. 1, 3, 9:hostes in fugam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 51 fin.:hostem in conspectum,
to bring to view, Liv. 3, 69 fin.:aliquem in vincula,
to cast into prison, Flor. 3, 10, 18; cf.:arma in profluentes,
id. 4, 12, 9:aliquem usque Sicanium fretum,
Val. Fl. 2, 28:aliquem leto,
to put to death, to kill, Phaedr. 1, 22, 9:se in viam,
to set out on a journey, Cic. Fam. 14, 12:sese in fugam,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 43 fin.; cf.:se fugae,
id. Att. 7, 23, 2:Socrates, quam se cumque in partem dedisset, omnium fuit facile princeps,
id. de Or. 3, 16, 60 et saep.—Designating the effect, to cause, make, bring about, inflict, impose:F.qui dederit damnum aut malum,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 116:nec consulto alteri damnum dari sine dolo malo potest,
Cic. Tull. 14, 34; 16, 39; cf.:malum dare,
id. N. D. 1, 44, 122:hoc quī occultari facilius credas dabo,
Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 29:inania duro vulnera dat ferro,
Ov. M. 3, 84:morsus,
Prop. 5, 5, 39; cf.:motus dare,
to impart motion, Lucr. 1, 819 al. (but motus dare, to make motion, to move, be moved, id. 2, 311):stragem,
id. 1, 288:equitum ruinas,
to overthrow, id. 5, 1329.—With part. fut. pass.:pectora tristitiae dissolvenda dedit,
caused to be delivered from sadness, Tib. 1, 7, 40.—Prov.: dant animos vina,
Ov. M. 12, 242. —Aliquid alicui, to do any thing for the sake of another; to please or humor another; to give up, sacrifice any thing to another (for the more usual condonare): da hoc illi mortuae, da ceteris amicis ac familiaribus, da patriae, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5 fin.: aliquid auribus alicujus, Trebon. ib. 12, 16:b.Caere hospitio Vestalium cultisque diis,
Liv. 7, 20:plus stomacho quam consilio,
Quint. 10, 1, 117 et saep.:ut concessisti illum senatui, sic da hunc populo,
i. e. forgive him, for the sake of the people, Cic. Lig. 12, 37:dabat et famae, ut, etc.,
Tac. A. 1, 7.—Hence,Se alicui, to give one's self up wholly, to devote, dedicate one's self to a person or thing, to serve:G.dedit se etiam regibus,
Cic. Rab. Post. 2, 4; so Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 10; id. Heaut. 4, 3, 10; Poëta ap. Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; Cic. Att. 7, 12, 3; Nep. Att. 9; Tac. A. 1, 31:mihi si large volantis ungula se det equi,
Stat. Silv, 2, 2, 38; 1, 1, 42; 5, 3, 71 al.; Aus. Mosel. 5, 448; cf. Ov. H. 16, 161:se et hominibus Pythagoreis et studiis illis,
Cic. Rep. 1, 111:se sermonibus vulgi,
id. ib. 6, 23:se jucunditati,
id. Off. 1, 34 al.:se populo ac coronae,
to present one's self, appear, id. Verr. 2, 3, 19; cf.:se convivio,
Suet. Caes. 31 et saep.:si se dant (judices) et sua sponte quo impellimus inclinant,
Cic. de Or. 2, 44, 187.—Of discourse, to announce, tell, relate, communicate (like accipere, for to learn, to hear, v. accipio, II.; mostly ante-class. and poet.):H.erili filio hanc fabricam dabo,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 132:quam ob rem has partes didicerim, paucis dabo,
Ter. Heaut. prol. 10; cf. Verg. E. 1, 19:imo etiam dabo, quo magis credas,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 37:da mihi nunc, satisne probas?
Cic. Ac. 1, 3, 10:Thessalici da bella ducis,
Val. Fl. 5, 219:is datus erat locus colloquio,
appointed, Liv. 33, 13:fixa canens... Saepe dedit sedem notas mutantibus urbes,
i. e. foretold, promised, Luc. 5, 107.—In pass., poet. i. q.: narratur, dicitur, fertur, etc., is said:seu pius Aeneas eripuisse datur,
Ov. F. 6, 434; Stat. Th. 7, 315; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 337.—Fabulam, to exhibit, produce a play (said of the author; cf.:I.docere fabulam, agere fabulam),
Cic. Brut. 18 fin.; id. Tusc. 1, 1 fin.; Ter. Eun. prol. 9; 23; id. Heaut. prol. 33; id. Hec. prol. 1 Don.;and transf.,
Cic. Clu. 31, 84; cf.also: dare foras librum = edere,
Cic. Att. 13, 22, 3.—Verba (alicui), to give [p. 605] empty words, i. e. to deceive, cheat, Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 25; id. Ps. 4, 5, 7; id. Rud. 2, 2, 19; Ter. And. 1, 3, 6 Ruhnk.; Quadrig. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 24; Cic. Phil. 13, 16 fin.; id. Att. 15, 16 A.; Hor. S. 1, 3, 22; Pers. 4, 45; Mart. 2, 76 et saep.—K.Alicui aliquid (laudi, crimini, vitio, etc.), to impute, assign, ascribe, attribute a thing to any one, as a merit, a crime, a fault, etc.:L.nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso animum attendite,
Ter. And. prol. 8:hoc vitio datur,
id. Ad. 3, 3, 64:inopiā criminum summam laudem Sex. Roscio vitio et culpae dedisse,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 21, 71; 2, 17, 58; id. Div. in Caecil. 10; id. Brut. 80, 277 et saep.—Alicui cenam, epulas, etc., to give one a dinner, entertain at table (freq.):M.qui cenam parasitis dabit,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 2; 3, 1, 35; id. Stich. 4, 1, 8; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 45; Cic. Fam. 9, 20, 2; id. Mur. 36, 75:prandium dare,
id. ib. 32, 67; cf. Sen. Ben. 1, 14, 1; Tac. A. 2, 57 al.—To grant, allow, in gen. (rare, but freq. as impers.; v. B. 2. supra):2.dari sibi diem postulabat,
a respite, Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 32.- do, -dāre ( obsol., found only in the compounds, abdo, condo, abscondo, indo, etc.), 1, v. a. [Sanscr. root dhā-, da-dhāmi, set, put, place; Gr. the-, tithêmi; Ger. thun, thue, that; Eng. do, deed, etc.]. This root is distinct from 1. do, Sanscr. dā, in most of the Arian langg.; cf. Pott. Etym. Forsch. 2, 484; Corss. Ausspr. 2, 410;3.but in Italy the two seem to have been confounded, at least in compounds,
Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 254 sq.; cf. Max Müller, Science of Lang. Ser. 2, p. 220, N. Y. ed.; Fick, Vergl. Wört. p. 100.do, acc. of domus, v. domus init. -
40 do
1.do, dĕdi, dătum, dăre (also in a longer form, dănunt = dant, Pac., Naev., and Caecil. ap. Non. 97, 14 sq.; Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 48; id. Ps. 3, 1, 1 et saep.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 68, 12 Müll.— Subj.:I.duim = dem,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 6; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 38:duis,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 81; id. Men. 2, 1, 42:duas = des,
id. Merc. 2, 3, 67; id. Rud. 5, 3, 12; an old formula in Liv. 10, 19:duit,
Plaut. As. 2, 4, 54; id. Aul. 1, 1, 23; an old formula in Liv. 22, 10 init.:duint,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 126; id. Ps. 4, 1, 25; id. Trin. 2, 4, 35; Ter. And. 4, 1, 43; id. Phorm. 3, 2, 34 al.— Imper.: DVITOR, XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 21, 3, 5 ex conject.—Inf.: DASI = dari, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 68, 13 Müll.:dane = dasne,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 22.—The pres. pass., first pers., dor, does not occur), v. a. [Sanscr. dā, da-dā-mi, give; Gr. di-dô-mi, dôtêr, dosis; cf.: dos, donum, damnum], to give; and hence, with the greatest variety of application, passing over into the senses of its compounds, derivatives, and synonyms (edere, tradere, dedere; reddere, donare, largiri, concedere, exhibere, porrigere, praestare, impertire, suppeditare, ministrare, subministrare, praebere, tribuere, offerre, etc.), as, to give away, grant, concede, allow, permit; give up, yield, resign; bestow, present, confer, furnish, afford; offer, etc. (very freq.).In gen.:(β).eam carnem victoribus danunt, Naev. ap. Non. l. l.: ea dona, quae illic Amphitruoni sunt data,
Plaut. Am. prol. 138; cf.:patera, quae dono mi illic data'st,
id. ib. 1, 3, 36:dandis recipiendisque meritis,
Cic. Lael. 8; cf.:ut par sit ratio acceptorum et datorum,
id. ib. 16, 58: ut obsides accipere non dare consuerint, Caes. B. G. 1, 4 fin.:obsides,
id. ib. 1, 19, 1;1, 31, 7 et saep.: patriam (sc. mundum) dii nobis communem secum dederunt,
Cic. Rep. 1, 13:hominibus animus datus est ex illis sempiternis ignibus,
id. ib. 6, 15; cf. ib. 6, 17:ea dant magistratus magis, quae etiamsi nolint, danda sint,
id. ib. 1, 31; cf.imperia,
id. ib. 1, 44:centuria, ad summum usum urbis fabris tignariis data,
id. ib. 2, 22:Lycurgus agros locupletium plebi, ut servitio, colendos dedit,
id. ib. 3, 9 fin.:ei filiam suam in matrimonium dat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 5:litteras ad te numquam habui cui darem, quin dederim,
Cic. Fam. 12, 19: litteras (ad aliquem), to write to one, saep.; cf. id. Att. 5, 11;and in the same signif.: aliquid ad aliquem,
id. ib. 10, 8 fin.:litteras alicui, said of the writer,
to give one a letter to deliver, id. ib. 5, 15 fin.;of the bearer, rarely,
to deliver a letter to one, id. ib. 5, 4 init.: colloquium dare, to join in a conference, converse ( poet.), Lucr. 4, 598 (Lachm.;al. videmus): colloquiumque sua fretus ab urbe dedit,
parley, challenge, Prop. 5, 10, 32:dare poenas,
to give satisfaction, to suffer punishment, Sall. C. 18:alicui poenas dare,
to make atonement to any one; to suffer for any thing, Ov. M. 6, 544; Sall. C. 51, 31;v. poena: decus sibi datum esse justitia regis existimabant,
Cic. Rep. 1, 41:quoniam me quodammodo invitas et tui spem das,
id. ib. 1, 10:dabant hae feriae tibi opportunam sane facultatem ad explicandas tuas litteras,
id. ib. 1, 9; cf.:ansas alicui ad reprehendendum,
id. Lael. 16, 59:multas causas suspicionum offensionumque,
id. ib. 24:facultatem per provinciam itineris faciundi,
Caes. B. G. 1, 7, 5;for which: iter alicui per provinciam,
id. ib. 1, 8, 3; Liv. 8, 5; 21, 20 al.:modicam libertatem populo,
Cic. Rep. 2, 31:consilium,
id. Lael. 13:praecepta,
id. ib. 4 fin.:tempus alicui, ut, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 3:inter se fidem et jusjurandum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3 fin.:operam,
to bestow labor and pains on any thing, Cic. de Or. 1, 55:operam virtuti,
id. Lael. 22, 84;also: operam, ne,
id. ib. 21, 78:veniam amicitiae,
id. ib. 17:vela (ventis),
to set sail, id. de Or. 2, 44, 187:dextra vela dare,
to steer towards the right, Ov. 3, 640:me librum L. Cossinio ad te perferendum dedisse,
Cic. Att. 2, 1:sin homo amens diripiendam urbem daturus est,
id. Fam. 14, 14 et saep.: ita dat se res, so it is circumstanced, so it is, Poëta ap. Cic. N. D. 2, 26; cf.:prout tempus ac res se daret,
Liv. 28, 5 et saep.— Impers.: sic datur, so it goes, such is fate, i. e. you have your reward, Plaut. Truc. 4, 8, 4; id. Ps. 1, 2, 22; id. Men. 4, 2, 40; 64; id. Stich. 5, 6, 5.— Part. perf. sometimes (mostly in poets) subst.: dăta, ōrum, n., gifts, presents, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 72; Prop. 3, 15, 6 (4, 14, 6 M.); Ov. M. 6, 363 (but not in Cic. Clu. 24, 66, where dona data belong together, as in the archaic formula in Liv. 22, 10 init.:DATVM DONVM DVIT, P. R. Q.).— Prov.: dantur opes nulli nunc nisi divitibus,
Mart. 5, 81, 2; cf.:dat census honores,
Ov. F. 1, 217.—Poet. with inf.:(γ).da mihi frui perpetuā virginitate,
allow me, Ov. M. 1, 486; id. ib. 8, 350:di tibi dent captā classem reducere Trojā,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 191; so id. ib. 1, 4, 39; id. Ep. 1, 16, 61; id. A. P. 323 et saep.—With ne:II.da, femina ne sim,
Ov. M. 12, 202.In partic.A.In milit. lang.1.Nomina, to enroll one's self for military service, to enlist, Cic. Phil. 7, 4, 13; Liv. 2, 24; 5, 10; cf.2.transf. beyond the military sphere,
Plaut. Ps. 4, 6, 38.—Manus (lit., as a prisoner of war, to stretch forth the hands to be fettered; cf. Cic. Lael. 26, 99;3.hence),
to yield, surrender, Nep. Ham. 1, 4;and more freq. transf. beyond the milit. sphere,
to yield, acquiesce, Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 72; Cic. Lael. 26, 99; id. Att. 2, 22, 2; Caes. B. G. 5, 31, 3; Ov. H. 4, 14; id. F. 3, 688; Verg. A. 11, 568; Hor. Epod. 17, 1 al.—Terga, for the usual vertere terga; v. tergum.—B. 1.Esp. in jurid. lang.: DO, DICO, ADDICO, the words employed by the praetor in the execution of his office; viz. DO in the granting of judges, actions, exceptions, etc.; DICO in pronouncing sentence of judgment; ADDICO in adjudging the property in dispute to one or the other party; cf. Varr. L. L. 6, § 30 Müll.;2.hence called tria verba,
Ov. F. 1, 47.—Datur, it is permitted, allowed, granted; with subj. clause: quaesitis diu terris, ubi sistere detur, Ov. M. 1, 307:C.interim tamen recedere sensim datur,
Quint. 11, 3, 127:ex quo intellegi datur, etc.,
Lact. 5, 20, 11.—In philos. lang., to grant a proposition:D.in geometria prima si dederis, danda sunt omnia: dato hoc, dandum erit illud (followed by concede, etc.),
Cic. Fin. 5, 28, 83; id. Tusc. 1, 11, 25; id. Inv. 1, 31 fin. —Designating the limit, to put, place, carry somewhere; and with se, to betake one's self somewhere:E.tum genu ad terram dabo,
to throw, Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 17; cf.:aliquem ad terram,
Liv. 31, 37; Flor. 4, 2 fin.:me haec deambulatio ad languorem dedit!
has fatigued me, Ter. Heaut. 4, 6, 3:hanc mihi in manum dat,
id. And. 1, 5, 62:praecipitem me in pistrinum dabit,
id. ib. 1, 3, 9:hostes in fugam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 51 fin.:hostem in conspectum,
to bring to view, Liv. 3, 69 fin.:aliquem in vincula,
to cast into prison, Flor. 3, 10, 18; cf.:arma in profluentes,
id. 4, 12, 9:aliquem usque Sicanium fretum,
Val. Fl. 2, 28:aliquem leto,
to put to death, to kill, Phaedr. 1, 22, 9:se in viam,
to set out on a journey, Cic. Fam. 14, 12:sese in fugam,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 43 fin.; cf.:se fugae,
id. Att. 7, 23, 2:Socrates, quam se cumque in partem dedisset, omnium fuit facile princeps,
id. de Or. 3, 16, 60 et saep.—Designating the effect, to cause, make, bring about, inflict, impose:F.qui dederit damnum aut malum,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 116:nec consulto alteri damnum dari sine dolo malo potest,
Cic. Tull. 14, 34; 16, 39; cf.:malum dare,
id. N. D. 1, 44, 122:hoc quī occultari facilius credas dabo,
Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 29:inania duro vulnera dat ferro,
Ov. M. 3, 84:morsus,
Prop. 5, 5, 39; cf.:motus dare,
to impart motion, Lucr. 1, 819 al. (but motus dare, to make motion, to move, be moved, id. 2, 311):stragem,
id. 1, 288:equitum ruinas,
to overthrow, id. 5, 1329.—With part. fut. pass.:pectora tristitiae dissolvenda dedit,
caused to be delivered from sadness, Tib. 1, 7, 40.—Prov.: dant animos vina,
Ov. M. 12, 242. —Aliquid alicui, to do any thing for the sake of another; to please or humor another; to give up, sacrifice any thing to another (for the more usual condonare): da hoc illi mortuae, da ceteris amicis ac familiaribus, da patriae, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5 fin.: aliquid auribus alicujus, Trebon. ib. 12, 16:b.Caere hospitio Vestalium cultisque diis,
Liv. 7, 20:plus stomacho quam consilio,
Quint. 10, 1, 117 et saep.:ut concessisti illum senatui, sic da hunc populo,
i. e. forgive him, for the sake of the people, Cic. Lig. 12, 37:dabat et famae, ut, etc.,
Tac. A. 1, 7.—Hence,Se alicui, to give one's self up wholly, to devote, dedicate one's self to a person or thing, to serve:G.dedit se etiam regibus,
Cic. Rab. Post. 2, 4; so Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 10; id. Heaut. 4, 3, 10; Poëta ap. Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; Cic. Att. 7, 12, 3; Nep. Att. 9; Tac. A. 1, 31:mihi si large volantis ungula se det equi,
Stat. Silv, 2, 2, 38; 1, 1, 42; 5, 3, 71 al.; Aus. Mosel. 5, 448; cf. Ov. H. 16, 161:se et hominibus Pythagoreis et studiis illis,
Cic. Rep. 1, 111:se sermonibus vulgi,
id. ib. 6, 23:se jucunditati,
id. Off. 1, 34 al.:se populo ac coronae,
to present one's self, appear, id. Verr. 2, 3, 19; cf.:se convivio,
Suet. Caes. 31 et saep.:si se dant (judices) et sua sponte quo impellimus inclinant,
Cic. de Or. 2, 44, 187.—Of discourse, to announce, tell, relate, communicate (like accipere, for to learn, to hear, v. accipio, II.; mostly ante-class. and poet.):H.erili filio hanc fabricam dabo,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 132:quam ob rem has partes didicerim, paucis dabo,
Ter. Heaut. prol. 10; cf. Verg. E. 1, 19:imo etiam dabo, quo magis credas,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 37:da mihi nunc, satisne probas?
Cic. Ac. 1, 3, 10:Thessalici da bella ducis,
Val. Fl. 5, 219:is datus erat locus colloquio,
appointed, Liv. 33, 13:fixa canens... Saepe dedit sedem notas mutantibus urbes,
i. e. foretold, promised, Luc. 5, 107.—In pass., poet. i. q.: narratur, dicitur, fertur, etc., is said:seu pius Aeneas eripuisse datur,
Ov. F. 6, 434; Stat. Th. 7, 315; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 337.—Fabulam, to exhibit, produce a play (said of the author; cf.:I.docere fabulam, agere fabulam),
Cic. Brut. 18 fin.; id. Tusc. 1, 1 fin.; Ter. Eun. prol. 9; 23; id. Heaut. prol. 33; id. Hec. prol. 1 Don.;and transf.,
Cic. Clu. 31, 84; cf.also: dare foras librum = edere,
Cic. Att. 13, 22, 3.—Verba (alicui), to give [p. 605] empty words, i. e. to deceive, cheat, Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 25; id. Ps. 4, 5, 7; id. Rud. 2, 2, 19; Ter. And. 1, 3, 6 Ruhnk.; Quadrig. ap. Gell. 17, 2, 24; Cic. Phil. 13, 16 fin.; id. Att. 15, 16 A.; Hor. S. 1, 3, 22; Pers. 4, 45; Mart. 2, 76 et saep.—K.Alicui aliquid (laudi, crimini, vitio, etc.), to impute, assign, ascribe, attribute a thing to any one, as a merit, a crime, a fault, etc.:L.nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso animum attendite,
Ter. And. prol. 8:hoc vitio datur,
id. Ad. 3, 3, 64:inopiā criminum summam laudem Sex. Roscio vitio et culpae dedisse,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 21, 71; 2, 17, 58; id. Div. in Caecil. 10; id. Brut. 80, 277 et saep.—Alicui cenam, epulas, etc., to give one a dinner, entertain at table (freq.):M.qui cenam parasitis dabit,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 4, 2; 3, 1, 35; id. Stich. 4, 1, 8; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 45; Cic. Fam. 9, 20, 2; id. Mur. 36, 75:prandium dare,
id. ib. 32, 67; cf. Sen. Ben. 1, 14, 1; Tac. A. 2, 57 al.—To grant, allow, in gen. (rare, but freq. as impers.; v. B. 2. supra):2.dari sibi diem postulabat,
a respite, Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 32.- do, -dāre ( obsol., found only in the compounds, abdo, condo, abscondo, indo, etc.), 1, v. a. [Sanscr. root dhā-, da-dhāmi, set, put, place; Gr. the-, tithêmi; Ger. thun, thue, that; Eng. do, deed, etc.]. This root is distinct from 1. do, Sanscr. dā, in most of the Arian langg.; cf. Pott. Etym. Forsch. 2, 484; Corss. Ausspr. 2, 410;3.but in Italy the two seem to have been confounded, at least in compounds,
Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 254 sq.; cf. Max Müller, Science of Lang. Ser. 2, p. 220, N. Y. ed.; Fick, Vergl. Wört. p. 100.do, acc. of domus, v. domus init.
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