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1 eftirhermur
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2 eftirlíking
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3 gervi-, óekta-, -líki
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4 EPTIR
prep with dat. and acc.;I. with dat.1) with verbs of motion, after (ríða, róa, fara, ganga, senda e-m);2) denoting the aim and object of many verbs;leita, spyrja, frétta, eptir e-u, to search, ask, inquire after;líta eptir e-u, to look afler, attend to;bíða eptir e-u, to wait for;vaka eptir e-m, to sit up waiting for one;segja eptir e-m, to report behind one’s back;3) following the course of a track, road, etc., along;niðr eptir hálsinum, down the hill;eptir endilongu, from one end to the other;eptir miðju, along the middle;4) after, according to, in accordance with (eptir sið þeirra ok lögum);hann leiddist eptir fortölum hennar, he was led by her persuasion;gekk allt eptir því sem H. hafði sagt, according as H. had said;5) denoting proportion, comparison;fátt manna eptir því sem hann var vanr, few men in comparison to what he was want to have;6) with verbs denoting imitation, indulgence, longing after;láta eptir e-m, to indulge one;breyta eptir e-m, to imitate;7) behind (hann leiddi eptir sér hestinn);fundust eptir þeim írskar bœkr, which they had left behind;II. with acc.1) of time, after, in succession to (vár kom eptir vetr);hvern dag eptir annan, one day after the other;ár eptir ár, dag eptir dag, year by year, day by day;eptir þat, after that, thereafter;2) denoting succession, inheritance;taka e-t í arf eptir e-n, to inherit from one;hann tók konungdóm eptir föður sinn, after his father;vita þá skömm eptir sik, to leave such a bad report;skaði mikill er eptir menn slíka, there is a great loss in such men;III. as adv.1) after;annat sumar eptir, the second summer after;um daginn eptir, the day after;eptir um várit, later during the spring;eptir koma úsvinnum ráð, the fool is wise when too late;2) behind;bíða sitja eptir, to wait, stay behind;vera, standa eptir, to remain behind, be left;halda e-u eptir, to keep back;skammt get ek eptir þinnar æfi, I guess that little is left of thy life;3) before the rel. part., eptir er = eptir þat er, after (ef maðr, andast á þingi eptir er menn eru á braut farnir);4) eptir á, afterwards, later on;* * *better spelt eftir, in common pronunciation ettir, a prep. with dat. and acc. and also used as adv. or ellipt. without a case: an older form ept or eft only occurs in poetry, Skm. 39, 41, Ýt. 2, Edda 91 (in a verse); ept víg, Hkr. i. 349 (in a verse), iii. 50 (Arnór); [cp. Goth. afar; Runic stone in Tune, after; A. S. æft; Engl. after, aft; Swed.-Dan. efter]:—after.A. WITH DAT., LOC.; with verbs denoting following, pursuing, or the like; hann reið e. þeim, Eg. 149; hann bar merkit eptir honum, he bore the standard after him, 297; róa e. þeim, to pull after them, Ld. 118; þegar e. Kara, on the heels of Kari, Nj. 202; varð ekki e. honum gengit, none went after him, 270.β. with the notion to fetch; senda e. e-m, to send after one, Eb. 22, Nj. 78, Fms. i. 2; ríða í Hornafjörð e. fé yðru, ride to H. after your things, Nj. 63.γ. ellipt., viljum vér eigi e. fara, we will not follow after them. Eb. 242; ek mun hlaupa þegar e., Nj. 202.2. metaph.,α. with verbs denoting to look, stara, líta, sjá, gá, horfa, mæna, etc. e. e-u, to stare, look after a thing while departing, Ísl. ii. 261: leita, spyrja, frétta etc. e. e-u, to ask, ‘speer,’ seek after a thing, Nj. 75, Eg. 155, 686, Fms. i. 71, x. 148, etc.β. segja e. e-m, to tell tales, report behind one’s back in a bad sense, 623. 62; þó at ek segða eigi óhapp eptir tengda-mönnum mínum, Sturl. i. 66; sjá e. e-u, to look after, miss a thing, Nj. 75; leggja hug e. e-u, to mind a thing, Ísl. ii. 426; taka e., to mind, mark a thing; ganga e. e-u, to retain a thing, Fms. x. 5.γ. verbs denoting to expect; bíða, vænta e. e-u, to expect, wait for a thing; vaka e. e-m, to sit up waiting for one, but vaka yfir e-m, to sit up nursing or watching one, cp. Fas. ii. 535.II. denoting along, in the direction of a track, road, or the like; niðr e. hálsinum, down the hill, Fms. iii. 192; út e. firði, stood out along the firth, i. 37; innar e. höllinni, Nj. 270; upp e. dal, Eb. 232; ofan e. dalnum, Nj. 34; ofan e. eyrunum, 143; upp e. eyrunum, 85; innar e. búðinni, 165; út e. þvertrénu, 202; ofan e. reykinum, Eb. 230; inn e. Skeiðum, 224; inn e. Álptafirði, id.; innar e. ísum, 236; inn e. ísum, 316; út e. ísnum, 236; út e. Hafsbotnum, Orkn. 1; e. endilöngu, from one end to another, Fms. x. 16; e. miðju, along the middle, vii. 89.2. metaph. after, according to; e. því sem vera ætti, Ld. 66; e. sið þeirra ok lögum, Fms. i. 81; e. þínum fortölum, ii. 32; hann leiddisk e. fortölum hennar, he was led by her persuasion, v. 30; gékk allt e. því sem Hallr hafði sagt, Nj. 256; gékk allt e. því sem honum hafði vitrað verit, all turned out as he had dreamed, Fms. ii. 231; e. minni vísan, i. 71.β. denoting proportion, comparison; þó eigi e. því sem faðir hans var, yet not like his father, Eg. 702; fátt manna e. því sem hann var vanr, few men in comparison to what he used to have, Sturl. ii. 253; þat var orð á, at þar færi aðrar e., people said that the rest was of one piece, Ld. 168.γ. with verbs denoting imitation, indulgence, longing after, etc.; lifa e. holdi sínu, to live after the flesh, Hom. 25; lifa e. Guði, 73; lifit e. mér, follow after me, Blas. 45; láta e. e-m, to indulge one; mæla e. e-m, to take one’s part, Nj. 26: breyta e. e-m, to imitate; dæma e. e-m, to give a sentence for one, 150; fylgja e. e-m, to follow after one, N. T.; herma e. e-m, to mimic one’s voice and gesture, as a juggler; mun ek þar e. gera sem þér gerit fyrir, I will do after just as you do before, Nj. 90; hann mælti e. ( he repeated the words) ok stefndi rangt, 35; leika e. e-m, to follow one’s lead; telja e., to grudge; langa e., to long after, Luke xxii. 15.δ. kalla, heita e. e-m, to name a child after one; kallaði Hákon eptir föður sínum Hákoni, Fms. i. 14; kallaðr e. Mýrkjartani móður-föður sínum, Ld. 108: lcel. now make a distinction, heita í höfuðit á e-m, of a living person, and heita e. e-m, of one deceased.III. denoting behind; fundusk e. þeim Írskar bækr, Irish books were found which they had left behind, Landn. (pref.), Fms. xi. 410; draga þik blindan e. sér, vi. 323; bera e-t e. sér, to drag behind one; hann leiddi e. sér hestinn, he led the horse after him, Eg. 766.β. as an adv., þá er eigi hins verra e. ván er slíkt ferr fyrir, what worse can come after, when such things went before? Nj. 34.2. but chiefly ellipt. or adverb.; láta e., to leave behind, Sturl. i. 60; sitja e., to sit, stay behind, Fms. i. 66; bíða e., to stay behind; vera e., Grett. 36 new Ed., Bs. i. 21; standa e., to stay behind, remain, be left, Fms. ii. 231, vi. 248; dveljask e., to delay, stop, Sturl. ii. 253; leggja e., to lay behind, but liggja e., to lie behind, i. e. be left, Karl. 439; eiga e., to have to do, Nj. 56; ef ekki verðr e., if naught remain behind, Rb. 126; skammt get ek e., þinnar æfi, I guess that little is left of thy life, Nj. 182; þau bjoggu þar e., they remained, stayed there. 25.B. WITH ACC., TEMP, after; vetri e. fall Ólafs, Eb. (fine); sextán vetrum e. dráp Eadmundar konungs …, vetrum e. andlát Gregorii, … e. burð Christi, Íb. 18; e. fall jarls, Eg. 297; e. verk þessi, Nj. 85: esp. immediately after, var kom e. vetr, spring came after winter, Eg. 260; hvern dag e. annan, one day after another, Hom. 158; ár e. ár, year after year, Rb. 292; dag e. dag, day after day, Fms. ii. 231; e. þat, or e. þetta, after that, Lat. deinde, deinceps, Nj. 151, Eb. 58, Bs. i. 5, etc. etc.; e. þingit, after the meeting, Eb. 108; e. sætt Eyrbyggja, 252.2. denoting succession, inheritance, remembrance, etc.; eptir in this sense is frequent on the Runic stones, to the memory of, after; hón á arf allan e. mik, Nj. 3; tekit í arf e. föður þinn, inherited after thy father, Fms. i. 256; ef skapbætendr eru eigi til e. bauga, i. e. to receive the weregild, Grág. ii. 184; þeir er sektar-fé eiga at taka e. þik, Nj. 230; tók konungdóm e. föður sinn, took the kingdom after his father, Fms. i. 2; Þorkell tók lögsögu e. Þórarinn, Thorkel took the speakership after Thorarin, Íb. ch. 5, cp. ch. 8, 10: metaph., vita þá skömm e. sik, to know that shame [ will be] after one, i. e. leave such a bad report, Ld. 222; skaði mikill er e. menn slíka, there is a great loss in such men, Eg. 93; hann fastaði karföstu e. son sinn, he fasted the lenten fast after his son’s death, Sturl. ii. 231; sonr … e. genginn guma, a son to succeed his deceased father, Hm. 71; mæla e. en, or eiga vígsmál (eptir-mál) e. e-n, to conduct the suit after one if slain, Nj. 254 (freq.), hence eptir-mál; eptir víg Arnkels vóru konur til erfðar ok aðildar, Eb. 194; í hefnd e. e-n, to revenge one’s death, Nj. 118; heimta gjöld e. menn sína, to claim weregild, Fms. viii. 199.β. the phrase, vera e. sig, to be weary after great exertion.II. used as adv. after; síðan e. á öðrum degi, on the second day thereafter, Hom. 116: síðan e., Lat. deinceps, Fms. x. 210; um várit e., the spring after, Eb. 125 new Ed.; annat sumar e., the second summer after, Nj. 14; annat haust e., Eb. 184; annan dag e., the second day after, Nj. 3; um daginn e., the day after, Fms. vii. 153, Bs. i. 21; næsta mánuð e., Rb. 126.β. by placing the adverb. prep. at the beginning the sense becomes different, later; e. um várit, later during the spring, Eb. 98.III. used adverb. with the relat. particles er, at; e. er, Lat. postquam, Grág. i. 10; e. at, id., K. Þ. K. 32.β. eptir á, afterward; the proverb, eptir (mod. eptir á) koma ósvinnum ráð í hug, the fool is wise too late, Vápn. 17, Fas. i. 98; eptir á, kvað hinn …, ‘ after a bit,’ quoth the …, (a proverb.) -
5 ÁN
* * ** * *1.prep. [Goth. inuh; Hel. and O. H. G. ano; Germ, ohne; Gr. ανευ], without: the oldest form in MSS. is ón, Eluc. 25, Greg. Dial, (freq.), 655 xxvii. 2, Fms. xi. in, 153; aon, Hom. 19 sqq.; the common form is án; with gen. dat. and acc.; at present only with gen.I. with gen., þess máttu Gautar ilia án vera, Hkr. ii. 70. Ó. H. 49 has ‘þat;’ án manna valda, Fms. iii. 98; á. allra afarkosta, x. 7; mættim vér vel þess án vera, Ísl. ii. 339; in the proverb, án er ills gengis nema heiman hafi, Gísl. 63, but án er illt gengi (acc.), 149, Nj. 27, Ísl. ii. 142, l. c..; án allra klæða, Al. 171; án allrar vægðar, Sks. 229; ón lasta synda, Eluc. 25.II. with dat., esp. in translations or eccles. Writings, perh. in imitation of the Lat., and now quite out of use; esp. In the phrase, án e-s ráði, without (against) one’s will, Nj. 38, Bjarn. 71, Korm. 142, Fms. xi. 153, 111; ón góðum verkum, Greg. 13; án úfláti, incessantly, Bs. i. 97; ón dómi, Eluc. 39; sannr ok on gildingi, 655 xxvii. 2.III. with acc., esp. freq. in the Grág., án er illt gengi, v. above; þá skal hann án vera liðit, Grág. i. 276; án ráð lögráðanda, 334; hann mun þik ekki þykjast mega án vera, Fms. vii. 26; án allan verma, Sks. 210; án alla flærð, 522 B; ón líkamligan breyskleik, ok on dóm, Eluc. 38; án leyfi, without leave, Fms. vii. 141.IV. ellipt. without case, or adverbially, hvatki es betra es at hafa en ón at vera ( to be without), 677. 8; þau er mönnum þykir betr at hafa en án at vera, Gþl. 379; eiga vilja heldr en ón vera þat hit mjallhvíta man, Alvm. 7: acc. with inf., án við löst at lifa, sine culpâ vivere, Hm. 68; used substantively, in the proverb, alls áni ( omnium expers) verðr sá er einskis biðr, Sl. 38: Egilsson also, on Hdl. 23, suggests a form án, n.; but the passage (the poem is only left in the Fb.) is no doubt a corrupt one. Probably ‘ani ómi’ is a corruption from Arngrími (arngmi, the lower part of the g being blotted out: Arngrími | óru bornir | (öflgir ?) synir | ok Eyfuru, or the like).2.and Ön, a mythical king of Sweden, hence ána-sótt, f. painless sickness from age, decrepid old age; þat er síðan kölluð á. ef maðr deyr verklauss af elli, Hkr. i. 35: the word is mentioned in Fél. ix. s. v., but it only occurs l. c. as an απ. λεγ. and seems even there to be a paraphrase of the wording in the poem, knátti endr | at Uppsölum | ánasótt | Ön of standa, Ýt. 13; even in the time of Snorri the word was prob. not in use in Icel.2. the hero of the Án’s Saga, a romance of the 14th or 15th century, Fas. ii. 323–362; hence áni, a, m., means a fool, lubber. -
6 BAUGR
(-s, -ar), m.1) ring, armlet (of gold or silver) worn on the wrist, esp. the sacred ring (stallahringr) on the altar in heathen temples, cf. baugeiðr;2) in olden times, before minted gold or silver came into use, such rings were commonly used as a medium of payment; hence ‘baugr’ simply means money;3) fine of varying amount for manslaughter, weregild;4) gaff-hook?5) in the phrase, eiga (kost) á baugi, to have a (single) chance left; ef sá væri á. baugi, if there were no other chance; þú munt eiga slíkan á baugi brátt, thou wilt soon have the very same chance or lot (viz. death);* * *m. [the root bjúg—baug—bog; A. S. beág; O. H. G. pouc = armilla; lost in N. H. G. and in Engl.]I. a ring, armlet, esp. in olden times to be worn on the wrist plain, without stones:α. the sacred temple ring (stallahringr) on the altar in heathen temples; all oaths were’ to be made by laying the hand upon the temple ring; at sacrificial banquets it was to be dipped in the blood, and was to be worn by the priest at all meetings. The ring was either of gold or silver, open (mótlaus), its weight varying between two, three, and twenty ounces (the last is the reading of Eb. new Ed. p. 6, v. 1., the classical passages in the Sagas are—Eb. l. c. (and cp. 44), Glúm. 388, Landn. (Hb.) 258, Þórð. S. 94 (Ed. 1860); cp. also the note at the end of the new Ed. of Eb., referring to an interesting essay of the Norse Prof. Holmboe upon the matter, Christiania, A. D. 1864.β. baugr is at present in Icel. used of a spiral ring without a stone (e. g. a wedding ring); the third finger is called baugfingr, transl. from Lat. digitus annuli, for the wearing of wedding rings is not in use in Icel. (unless as a Dan. imitation). Icel. also say einbaugr, tvibaugr, a single or double spiral ring.II. metaph. in olden times, before minted gold or silver came into use, the metals were rolled up in spiral-formed rings, and pieces cut off and weighed were used as a medium of payment; hence, in old times, baugr simply means money, used in the poets in numberless compounds; hringum hreytti, hjó sundr baug, Rm. 35; cp. baugbroti, baugskyndir, baugskati, baughati, one who breaks, throws, hates gold, epithets of princes, etc., v. Lex. Poët. A. S. poetry abounds in epithets such as, beaggeafa, dator auri; the Heliand speaks of ‘vunden gold.’ In the law the payment of weregild is particularly called baugr, v. the compounds: baugatal is the Icel. section of law treating of the weregild, Grág. ii. 171–188; höfuôbaugr, lögbaugr ( a legal baug, lawful payment). In the Norse law vide esp. N. G. L. i. 74 sqq., 184 sqq.2. the painted circle on the round shield (clypeus); á fornum skjöldum var títt at skrifa rönd þá er b. var kallaðr, ok er við þann baug skildir kendir, Edda 87, Eg. 699; often embellished with scenes from the mythical age. Some poems arc preserved or on record, describing such shields, two Berudrápur by Egil (bera, a shield), Haustlöng by Thjodolf, Ragnarsdrápa by Bragi Gamli (of the 9th and 10th centuries). Some of these poems were among the chief sources used by Snorri in composing the Edda. The shield is metaph. called baugr, Edda (Gl.)3. a fish-hook; man eigi þú draga Leviathan á öngli eðr bora kiðr hans með baugi (very rare, if not an απ. λεγ.), Post. 686 C. 2.4. the phrase, eiga (kost) á baugi, to have (a single) chance left; þótti þat vera et mesta hætturáð at berjast, en sá mun á baugi, ef eigi er sæzt, there will be no other chance unless we come to terms, Sturl. iii. 244; þú munt eiga slíkan á baugi brátt, thou wilt soon have the very same chance (viz. death), the turn will come to thee, Nj. 58; nú mun ek eiga þann á baugi, at …, there will be no other chance for me, than …, Orkn. 46; cp. einbeygðr kostr, dira necessitas, 58; kvaðst þá heldr vilja liggja hjá henni, ef sá væri á baugi, if there were no other chance, Fas. ii. 150. The explanation of this metaphor is doubtful, cp. Vkv. verses 5 and 7 (?), or is the metaphor taken from the weregild?5. baugr also occurs in mod. usage in many compds, astron. and mathem., spor-baugr, the ecliptic; hádegisbaugr, a meridian.COMPDS: baugabrot, baugamaðr, baugatal, baugshelgi. -
7 breytni
* * *f. change; göra b. á um e-t, to make an alteration in a thing, Fas. iii. 155, Mag. 5, Fs. 98; b. í klæðnaði, fashion, N. G. L. iii. 262: new fashion, Grág. i. 338; ný-breytni, Snót 68; hann kvaðst eigi nenna enn um sinn at hafa þessa b., he said that he was not yet minded to, viz. to be baptized, Fs. 77, Nj. 13 (shape, nature).2. in mod. usage chiefly moral conduct, acting; eptir-breytni, imitation. -
8 drótt-seti
a, m. a steward at the king’s table; this word occurs in various forms throughout the Saxon parts of Germany, Holland, Belgium, Friesland, Brabant, etc. Du Cange records a ‘drossardus Brabantiae;’ it is in mid. Lat. spelt drossatus, Germ. and Saxon drost, land-drost, reichs-drost (drozerus regni), Fris. drusta, vide Grimm; the Dutch prefer the form drossardus: in the court of the king of Norway the office of dróttseti is not heard of before the beginning of the 12th century (the passage Bs. i. 37 is monkish and of late composition), and is there a kind of head-cook or steward at the king’s table, who was to be elected from the king’s skutilsveinar; d. spurði hvat til matar skyldi búa, the d. asked the king what meat they should dress, Fms. vii. 159 (about A. D. 1125), ix. 249, x. 147; d. ok skenkjari, N. G. L. ii. 413, 415; cp. also Hirðskrá (N. G. L. l. c.) ch. 26, Fms. x. 100 refers to the drost of the German emperor. In the 14th century the dróttseti became a high officer in Sweden and Denmark. The derivation from drótt and seti (seti can only mean a sitter, not one who makes to sit, cp. land-seti, a land-sitter, a tenant) is dubious; the Norse word may be an etymologising imitation of the mid. Lat. drossatus. -
9 dæmi
* * *n., usually in pl., [dómr.]1. an example, case; hörð dæmi, a hard fate, Hkv. 2. 2; úlfa d., the case ( doings) of wolves, Hðm. 30; kvenna d., womanish example, behaving like a woman, Þorst. St. 52; at mér verði vargsins d., Band. (MS.) 35: in plur., forn dæmi ok siðu foreldra sinna (cp. the Germ. weisthümer, alterthümer), old tales and customs of their forefathers, Fagrsk. ch. 219; þessi dæmi (i. e. verses) öll eru kveðin um þenna atburð, Mork. 114; þó hafa mörg dæmi orðið í forneskju, many things have happened in olden times, Ó. H. 73 (margs d., Fms. iv. 172, less correctly), cp. dæmi-saga; spekingr at viti ok at öllu fróðr, lögum ok dæmum (old lore, tales), mannfræði ok ættfræði, Fms. vii. 102; Ari prestr hinn Fróði, er mörg d. spakleg hefir saman töld, Bs. i. 145, cp. also Barl. 47, 73, 112; hence fá-dæmi, an unexampled, portentous thing; eins dæmi, in the proverb, eins dæmin eru vest, viz. a singular, unexampled fate is the worst: used even of pictures, a story represented by drawing, Pm. 122: gramm. a citation, proof, nú skal láta heyra dæmin, now let us hear the proofs, Edda 49; þessi dæmi ( those references) ok nóg önnur, Anecd. 6, 15, 18, 21; draga dæmi af bókum, Sks. 468.β. example, generally; djarfari en d. eru til, Fms. iv. 311; vita dæmi til e-s, Róm. 234; umfram d., or dæmum, unexampled, portentous, Stj. 143, Fms. i. 214, viii. 52; svá sem til dæmis at taka, to take an example. Mar. 40, Bs. ii. 116; hence the mod. adverb, til dæmis (commonly written short t.d. = e. g.), for example; sem d. finnask, Fagrsk. ch. 9, Barl. 50; meir en til dæma, beyond example, Stj. 87, 167, 179.γ. example for imitation (eptir-dæmi, example); eptir dæmum Kristinna manna, Fms. v. 319; eptir þínum dæmum, Niðrst. 4; d. dæmi af e-u, to take example by it, Greg. 134.2. judgment, only in compds as, sjálf-dæmi, rétt-dæmi, justice, etc.COMPDS: dæmafátt, dæmafróðr, dæmalauss, dæmamaðr. -
10 eptir-breytni
f. imitation, following, (eccl.) -
11 eptir-líking
(- glíking), f.1. imitation, 623. 26, Hom. 44, Fms. vi. 28, Stj. 51, Bs. ii. 157.2. a parable, N. T. -
12 -GI
(or -ki after t or s), a particle suffixed to nouns and adverbs.A. In a positive sense [Lat. - que], ever, Lat. -que, -cunque:1. with the pronoun hverr ( quis) through all cases, answering to the Lat. quis-que: out of the Laws we can nearly make a full paradigm:—nom. hverr-gi or hver-gi, Lat. quis-que, qui-cunque, Grág. Kb. i. 14, 31, 45, 85, 171 (twice), 183, 195, 221, ii. 7, 23, 82, 101: nom. and acc. neut. hvat-ki ( quod-que). i. 34, 155, 162, 183, 244, ii. 77, 140, 154, Jómsv. 15, Íb. 3; also hvárt-ki, id., Grág. Kb. i. 61 (twice): gen. hvers-kis (cujus-que), 238: dat. hverjun-gi (cui-que), 31, 156: acc. masc. hvern-gi (quem-que), 147, 155, 221, 225, 245, ii. 47, 66: abl. hve-gi or hví-gi, however, i. 147, 195, ii. 64, 101, 128, 151, Jómsv. 14:—plur. acc. neut. hver-gi (quae-que): dual dat. sing. hvárun-gi megin, on both sides (of a river), Grág. Kb. ii. 93:—even in historical prose, því at hit næsta sumar gat hvergi ber á Íslandi, the following summer every man gathered berries in Iceland (to make some kind of wine), Bs. i. 135, (or are we to read hvar-gi, everywhere?).2. with adverbs; hvert-ki (quocun-que modo), Grág. ii. 50; nær-gi, whenever ( ubi-cunque), i. 191; hvar-gi, wherever, 25, 166, 240, ii. 128, 212.B. In a negative sense, with a few pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, and rarely in old poems with substantives:1. with nouns, in the pr. name Lopt-ki, an απ. λεγ., Ls. 19: with appellatives, þörf-gi, no need, an απ. λεγ., Hkv. Hjörv. 39; freq. in mann-gi, no man, cp. Lat. nēmo, Íb., which is even used in mod. writers and poets; væt-ki, naught; vettu-gi (dat.) and vetter-gis (gen.), Vsp.: with adjectives, ein-gi (q. v.), none, a common word; otherwise rare, sjálf-gi, ‘self-not,’ i. e. not oneself, Ls. 29, an απ. λεγ.: with a dat. case of langr, þá löngu-gi, then not for a long time, Konr. (MS.): with pronouns, in the dual, hvárr-gi, neither, Lat. neuter, Grág. Kb. i. 46, ii. 93, 151; gen. hvárs-kis ( neutrius), freq.; dat. hvárun-gi ( neutri), i. 215; hvárum-gi, ii. 63: neut. hváru-gi, 216; hitt-ki, ne illud quidem, Hm. 21, 23; þat-ki, Hbl. 6; þat-ki at ek fá ( not even that I get) mála minn falslausan, Mork. 83.2. with adverbs, only in poetry or laws or very old prose; svá-gi, not so, Grág. Kb. ii. 99, Mork. 83; þá-gi, then not; þey-gi, though not, qs. þó-gi; æva-gi, never: again, hver-gi (q. v.), nowhere; ei-gi (q. v.), not; aldri-gi (q. v.), never; hvár-ki (q. v.), neither, are common words in prose and in speech. The negative -gi can never be suffixed to verbs (vide ‘-at,’ p. 2); therefore býð-gi, non jubeo (in Íslands-vaka 61, a poem of the last century, Fél. i. 236), is a spurious imitation of the old idiom; neither can -at be put to nouns; ráð-at hann kunni, Jónas 105, ought therefore to be ráð hann kunni-t, issue be knew not.C. In an indefinite sense; in a few instances -gi seems to be used almost like Latin quidem with a preceding negative: eigi miklo-gi minna, ne multo quidem minus, Heiðar. S., Ísl. ii. 360; eigi stóru-gi meiri, ne multo quidem majora, 386; engi miklo-gi görr …, nemo multo quidem plus …, Grág. i. 209; cp. also the adverbs öllun-gis or öldun-gis, quite, altogether (allr, -gi); einun-gis, only, solely (einn, -gi). both formed from dat. sing.: the obsolete vil-gi (qs. vel-gi) is ambiguous, being used both in a neg. sense = not well, and posit. = well, bene quidem, cp. Bs. i. 393, note; Hm. 66, málun-gi, is doubtful;—prob. þyrftig-at málun-gi mat should be read, -at being taken not as a prep. but as a negative verbal suffix, and -gi as a positive suffix; Icel. now say, hann á ekki málungi matar, he does not know where to look for his next meal.☞ The negative -gi is peculiar to Scandin., and no traces of it are found in any Saxon nor German idioms; whereas, as a positive suffix, it is common to all Teutonic tongues, and remains in the Engl. many and any; ‘many’ being qs. man-y = man-ever, ‘homo-cunque,’ Goth. manags, and ‘any’ qs. ane-y = every-one; so also is the g in Icel. margr and hvárigr, which are remnants—the former of the positive, the latter of the negative -gi. -
13 glíking
= líking.* * *and líking, f. likeness, image; glíking Guðs, Eluc. 18; glíking góðs verks, 655 xxvi. 4: liking, imitation, í líking Tróju, Bret. 98; líking djöfuls, Best. 54; til þeirrar sömu líkingar, Fms. ii. 89; ok af þeirra líkingu mun hann fremjast, v. 345; gerðú þó í líking annarra manna, after the liking of other people, Edda 37; svá sem með nokkurri skynsemdar líking, with some shade of reason, Stj. 143:—eptir-líking, a parable. -
14 HAMARR
(gen. -s, dat. hamri, pl. hamrar), m.1) hammer; hann gerði hamar yfir, he made the sign of the hammer over it;2) back of an axe;3) crag, precipice (þar stendr hamarr mikill fyrir þeim); þrítugur hamarr, a crag thirty fathoms high.* * *m., dat. hamri, pl. hamrar, [A. S. hamor; Engl. hammer; O. H. G. hamar; Germ. and Dan. hammer; Swed. hammare]:—a hammer; h. töng, steði, Edda 9, Vkv. 18, Landn. 212 (in a verse); the thunderbolt was in the northern mythology represented as a hammer,—the hammer Mjölnir, Edda (Sksm.) 15, 26, 28–30, 58, 70, passim, Þkv. passim, Hbl. 47; hann (the idol) var merkðr eptir Þór ok hefir hamar í hendi, Ó. H. 108, O. T. 44; Þrúð-hamarr, the mighty hammer, Ls. 57, 59, 61, 63: the hammer was the holy sign with the heathens, answering to the cross of the Christians, hann görði hamar yfir, he made the sign of the hammer over it, Fms. i. 35; Þórr tók hamarinn Mjölni ok brá upp ok vígði hafr-stökurnar, Edda 28, cp. also Þkv. 30, where the bride and bridegroom were to be marked with the holy sign; hence Þórs-hamarr = the character RUNE which occurs on a few of the earliest heathen Runic stones (e. g. Thorsen, pp. 17, 329), cp. also Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 446; this RUNE is evidently an imitation of the thunderbolt.β. the back of an axe, Eg. 769.COMPDS: hamargangr, hamarshögg, hamarsmuðr, hamarskalli, hamarskapt, hamarspor.II. metaph. a hammer-shaped crag, a crag standing out like an anvil; þar stendr hamarr mikill fyrir þeim, Bs. i. 601; þeir leggja skip sín millum hamra tveggja, Grett. 83, Fas. iii. 257; þrítugr, fertugr … hamarr, a crag thirty, forty … fathoms high, i. 159: so in the saying, kljúfa þrítugan hamarinn til e-s, to split a thirty fathoms’ rock, to make great efforts, to make Herculean efforts in a thing, metaph. from cutting roads through rocks: in pl. hamrar, crags; fluga-hamrar, sjávar-hamrar, sea-crags; ogres were believed to live in crags, hence the phrase, sem genginn út úr hömrum, i. e. looking as wild as a crag-ogre, svá ílliligr sem genginn sé út ór sjávar-hömrum, Nj. 182.COMPDS: ( hamar- and hamra-), hamar-tröll, n. a crag-ogre, Grett. (in a verse). hamar-dalr, m. a ravine, Karl. 292. hamar-gnípa, u, f. the peak of a crag, Stj. 134, Fms. v. 323, Þorf. Karl. 414. hamar-klettr, m. a crag (isolated), Fms. ii. 92, Nj. 264, v. l. hamar-klif, n. a craggy cliff, Gísl. 137. hamar-rifa, u, f. a rift in a crag, Fb. iii. 447. hamar-skarð and hamra-skarð, n. a scaur, cleft or ravine, Grett. 132, Gísl. 51, Grág. i. 17. hamar-skúti, a, m. a jutting crag, Nj. 264; gjá-h., q. v.: esp. freq. in local names in Icel. and Norway, Hamarr, Hamrar, Hamra-endar, Hamars-á: in compds, Smá-hamrar, Ein-hamarr, a single crag, Gísl., etc., vide Landn., Fms. xii, Fb. iii.2. a kind of mark on sheeps’ ears, prob. of heathen origin, denoting the holy mark of the hammer of Thor: cutting the top of the ear thus UNCERTAIN is called hamar, whence hamar-skora, u, f. a cleft hamar UNCERTAIN; cp. the ditty of Stef. Ól., Hamarinn mér í greipar gékk | það gæfu-markið fína, and hamar-skoru og gloppu-gat | görðu í hægra eyra.3. a kind of fish, Edda (Gl.): prop. a false reading for humarr (q. v.), a lobster. -
15 KORN
* * *n. corn, grain (þar var hallæri á korni); oats (gefa hestum korn); in pl. stores of grain (hann flutti með sér mikil korn).* * *n. [Goth. kaurn = σιτος and kaurnô = κόκκος; A. S. and Engl. corn; O. H. G. chorn; Germ. and Dan. korn]:—corn, grain; ellefu korn, ok ellefu pipar-korn, 655 xxx. 8; leynisk í litlu korni afl trésins, Greg. 14; hleifr er görr af mörgum kornum, 625. 90: seed, grain, korn eðr malt, Ó. H. 113; hann skal honum greiða kýr ok korn, smjör ok vöru, Gþl. 305; sumir skáru korn, sumir bundu, sumir óku heim korninu, Ó. H. 30; þar var hallæri á korni ( a bad crop) en gott korn ( a good crop) austr í land, 102; korn ( crop) var heldr úárvænt, 113; færa menn niðr korn sín, Nj. 169; hann sár þar niðr korninu, 82; er ok íllu komi til sáð, enda mun íllt af gróa, a saying, 174; sá himnesku korni í hjörtu manna, H. E. 500: flour, tak rúgbrauð, eigi blandat við annat korn, Lækn.:—in plur. stores of grain, hann flutti með sér mikil korn, Fms. vii. 173; þar vóru forn korn, Ó. H. 102, 113:—oats, corn, (Swed. hesta-korn, cp. ‘a feed of corn’), gefa hestum korn, 31; hann var Gauzkr hlaupari ok alinn á korni vetr ok sumar, Gullþ. 12:—Mikkjals-korn, Ólafs-korn, Michael’s corn, St. Olave’s corn, a kind of tithe paid to the church in Norway, Fr.II. metaph. a bit, grain; ok þar kemr lítið korn niðr af þeim bita, of a bit of meat, Fas. i. 54; hákarls-korn, Snót 226; sand-korn, a grain of sand.2. in mod. usage freq. as a diminutive suffix to a noun; það var máltak hans við hvern mann, bróðir! karl-korn mitt! of bishop Sweyn, who died A. D. 1476. Esp. Árb. 1475; barn-korn, a bit of a bairn = τεκνίον; stundar-korn, a little while; hús-korn, a scrap of a house; bú-korn, a small household; orð-korn, a little word: this use, however, scarcely occurs before the 15th century (unless it be in the passage Fas. l. c., which, however, is only found in a paper MS.), and it may be a kind of imitation of the Germ. -chen.COMPDS: kornamstr, kornár, kornbingr, korndeild, kornfeitr, kornfrjó, korngarðr, korngildr, korngyðja, korngörð, kornhjálmr, kornhlaða, kornhús, kornjörð, kornkaup, kornkippa, kornkýrlag, kornsala, kornsáð, kornskreppa, kornskurðr, kornskurðarmaðr, kornskurðarmánuðr, kornskurðartími, kornslátta, korntíund, kornungr, kornvirki, kornvist, kornvín. -
16 VETR
(gen. vetrar, pl. vetr), m.1) winter; miðr v., midwinter; í v., this winter; v. verðr mikill, the winter becomes cold, severe; á vetri, í vetri, last winter;2) year (sextán vetra gamall); tíu vetrum síðarr, ten years later.* * *m., gen. vetrar, dat. vetri; pl., nom. and acc. vetr, gen. vetra, dat. vetrum: it was an assimilated form anciently written vettr or vittr, qs. vintr; vitrar or vittrar (gen.), Post. (Unger) 233; vettr is freq., esp. in N. G. L.; double consonants are in vellums difficult to distinguish from single, and so tt may well have been the current form, although the Edd. give the mod. form (vetr): in poets we find, m itt sextigu v ittra, Glúm, (in a verse): vintr occurs in Icel. ballads of the 15th century, see Þryml., Völs. R., Skáld H.R., but here it is merely an imitation of Danish originals, for the word in Icel. always took the assimilated form: [Ulf. wintrus = χειμών and ἔτος; A. S., Engl., and Germ. winter; Dan.-Swed. vinter, for the assimilation of nt into tt did not prevail in the south of Scandinavia, see Gramm. p. xxx, col. 1.]A. A winter; winter, like summer (see sumar), is a calendary period, containing 180 days, or six months of thirty days; the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke’s day (old style), or on St. Luke’s day, if a Saturday. In the Gregorian style, for 1872 and 1873, vetrar-dagr fyrsti, the first winter day = Saturday, the 26th of Oct.; miðr vetr, mid-winter, the 24th of Jan.; síðasti vetrar dagr, the last winter day = Wednesday, the 23rd of April; Laugardagr skal fyrstr vera í vetri, en þaðan skal vera sex mánuðr þrjátigi nátta til sumars, K. Þ. K. 166; vetr kemr laugardaginn er næstr er fyrir Lúkas-messu, en hana sjálfa ef hlaupár ferr eptir, Rb. 490; Drottins-dagr inn fyrsti í vetri skal vera inn þriði frá messu-degi Cosmi ok Damiani, Rb. 434: as a general term, í vetr, this winter, Nj. 4; hafa blót hvern vetr, Ó. H.; Miðr vetr, Mid-winter, see above; miðs vetrar skeið, mid-winter time, Fb. i. 204; miðs vetrar blót, a sacrificial feast at mid-winter, see miðr B; á vetri, or í vetri, see prepp. á and í; mikill vetr, a cold winter, Bs. i. 873; harðr, kaldr, Kominn er kaldr vetr, initial words of a hymn.II. = a year; as in A. S. days were reckoned by nights (see nótt), so years were counted by winters; in Ulfilas (Matt. ix. 20, Luke ii. 42, viii. 42) ἔτος is rendered by wintrus; and so at present in Icel., a person is so many ‘winters’ old; tólf vetra gamall, K. Þ. K. 134; sextán vetra gamall, Grág. i. 197; and ellipt. leaving out gamall, tólf vetra, Fms. i. 8; tíu vetrum síðarr, 61; sex tigi vetra konungr, Eg. 367; sjau vetr ena ársömu, Ver. 17 (of king Pharaoh’s dream); þeirra var vetrar-munr, difference in age of one year, Dropl. 7; for more references, see tigr B.III. mythol., Vetr, a giant, the son of Vindsvalr or Vindlóni, Vþm., Edda i. 82.COMPDS: vetrarblót, vetrarbók, vetrarbraut.2. astron. the milky way, in Icel. called vetrar-braut, undoubtedly from old heathen times, although the word happens not to occur in old writers; Icel. weather-prophets use in the autumn to forecast the course of the winter, by the appearance of the milky-way; this is evidently a very old custom, whence probably the name, for in old times fortune-telling used to take place at the great autumnal feasts and sacrifices, see the references s. v. völva. vetrar-dagr, m. a winter day, N. G. L. i. 348; á vetrardag, in the winter, Fms. viii. 50, Bs. i. 324, v. l.; fyrsti vetrardagr, D. N. vi. 143, Icel. Almanack. vetrar-far, n. the course of winter; sagði hón (the Sibyl) mönnum forlög sín ok vetrar-far ok aðra hluti, Fas. ii. 506; blótuðu þeir þá til friðar ok vetrarfars góðs, Fms. iv. 235. vetrar-höll, f. the winter hall, D. N. ii. 409. vetrar-langt, n. adj. the winter long, Fms. vii. 25. vetrar-megn, n. the depth of winter;þá var vetrarmegn ok treystisk hann eigi á haf at halda, Eb. 6. vetrar-messa, u, f. ‘winter-mass’ = Oct. 14, D. N. vetrar-myki, f. winter-muck, manure, Gþl. 342. vetrar-nauð, f. ‘winter-need,’ a severe winter, Ísl. ii. 155, Lv. 206. vetrar-nótt, f. a winter’s night; þar skaltú sofa í ina fyrstu v., Fms. xi. 4. vetrar-ríki, n. = vetrarnauð, a severe winter, Eb. 290, Fbr. 41, v. l. vetrar-rúgr, m. winter rye, Gþl. 343. vetra-stefna, u, f. a winter term; nú vill hann til vetrar-stefnu jörð selja, fimmtán vetr, N. G. L. i. 92. vetra-tal, n. a number of winters, Rb. 508: years, fyrr rosknir at afli en vetra tali, Fms. i. 30, x. 230, 419. vetrar-tíð, f. winter-tide, Bb. 3. 34. vetrar-tími, a, m. winter-time, Stj. 69, 97, Bs. i. 324. vetrar-tungl, n. the winter moon, the moon when winter sets in, Icel. Almanack (Nov. 1, 1872).B. REAL COMPDS: vetrbeit, vetrbjörg, vetrgamall, vetrgata, vetrgemlingr, vetrgestr, vetrgrið, vetrhagi, vetrhluti, vetrhringr, vetrhús, vetrliði, vetrligr, vetrlægr, vetrmessa, vetrnætr, vetrrúgr, vetrseta, vetrseti, vetrtaka, vetrtökumaðr, vetrvist. -
17 viðr-líking
f. a comparison, imitation, Stj. 55. -
18 Ægisif
f. a Norse popular name for the Αγία Σοφία in Constantinople, Rb., Symb., being an imitation of the word as spoken by the Greeks of the 11th century; the Norsemen on hearing the word from the mouth of the Greeks seem to have thought of their own heathen goddess Sif. -
19 dœmi
n.1) proof, reason; draga þeir eigi sízt til dœmis þar um, at, in proof of this they specially adduce the fact, that;2) incident, fact; þó hafa mörg dœmi orðit, í forneskju, yet many things have happened in elden times; hörð dœmi, hard fate; at eigi verði oss Adams dœmi, that the same shall not happen to us as to A.;3) tale, story (Ari prestr fróði, er mörg dœmisparklig hefir saman sett);4) poem, verses (þessi dœmi öll eru kveðin um þenna atburð);5) quotation (draga fram dœmi af bókum);6) example for imitation, model (eptir dœmum kristinna manna); taka dœmi af e-m, to take an example by one;7) example, instance, precedent (djarfari en dœmi munu til vera); umfram dœmi, ór dœmum, unexampled, unprecedented (kom þá svá mikill snjór, at þat var ór dœmum); meirr en til dœmis or til dœma at taka (draga), to take an example. -
20 eptirganga
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См. также в других словарях:
Imitation — Imitation … Deutsch Wörterbuch
IMITATION — Ouvert par la critique platonicienne de la mimesis (République , Liv. III, 393 398 et X, 595 608), le débat sur l’imitation a constamment été enrichi d’exemples destinés à comparer et à opposer les esprits créateurs, vraiment originaux, d’un côté … Encyclopédie Universelle
imitation — Imitation. s. f. v. L Action, ou l effet de celuy qui imite. Parfaite imitation. heureuse imitation. l imitation de la vie, des vertus, des actions de &c. l imitation d un ouvrage, d un tableau, d un poëme &c. cette piece est une imitation de… … Dictionnaire de l'Académie française
Imitation — Im i*ta tion, n. [L. imitatio: cf. F. imitation.] 1. The act of imitating. [1913 Webster] Poesy is an art of imitation, . . . that is to say, a representing, counterfeiting, or figuring forth. Sir P. Sidney. [1913 Webster] 2. That which is made… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Imitation — (von lat. imitatio ‚Nachahmung‘ oder ‚Nachbildung‘) steht für Nachahmung einer anderen Person, siehe Imitator Attrappe, eine Nachbildung eines Originals zu dessen Ersatz oder seiner Vortäuschung Fälschung, allgemein das Ausgeben einer Nachahmung… … Deutsch Wikipedia
imitation — ► NOUN 1) the action of imitating. 2) a copy. ● imitation is the sincerest form of flattery Cf. ↑imitation is the sincerest form of flattery … English terms dictionary
imitation — (n.) c.1400, emulation; act of copying, from O.Fr. imitacion, from L. imitationem (nom. imitatio) a copying, imitation, from pp. stem of imitari to copy, portray, imitate, from PIE *im eto , from root *aim copy. Meaning an artificial likeness is… … Etymology dictionary
imitation — [im΄i tā′shən] n. [L imitatio] 1. the act of imitating 2. a) the result or product of imitating; artificial likeness; copy b) a counterfeit 3. Biol. MIMICRY (sense 2) … English World dictionary
Imitation — (lat.), Nachahmung; auch etwas Nachgeahmtes, besonders auf dem Gebiete der Kunstindustrie, der Juwelierkunst. Vgl. Lehner, Die Imitationen. Anleitung zur Nachahmung von Natur und Kunstprodukten (2. Aufl., Wien 1892). – Über I. in der Musik s.… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Imitation — Imitation, s.v.w. Nachahmung. Im Gebiete des Bauwesens ist die Nachahmung echter und teurer Stoffe durch Malerei oder durch minder kostbare Stoffe ein oft gebrauchtes Mittel, um Wirkungen für den Augenblick oder für vorübergehende Zwecke zu… … Lexikon der gesamten Technik
Imitation — (lat.), Nachahmung; Imitātor, Nachahmer, Nachäffer; imitatōrisch, nachahmend; imitieren, nachahmen … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
