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  • 101 soportar

    v.
    1 to support.
    Ella soporta las columnas She sustains=props the columns.
    2 to stand.
    ¡no lo soporto! I can't stand him/it!
    no sé cómo soportas que te hablen así I don't know how you put up with them talking to you like that
    no soporta que le griten he can't bear being shouted at
    3 to endure, to bear.
    el niño soportó el castigo sin inmutarse the child took his punishment bravely
    Ella soporta el dolor She endures the pain.
    4 to bear to, to withstand, to endure to.
    5 to bear with, to withstand.
    Ella soporta a María She bears with Mary.
    * * *
    1 (aguantar) to support, bear
    2 figurado (sufrir) to stand, bear, endure
    3 figurado (lluvia, tormenta, etc) to weather
    * * *
    verb
    1) to bear, endure
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=resistir) [+ peso] to support; [+ presión] to resist, withstand

    las vigas soportan el peso del techo — the beams bear o carry the weight of the ceiling

    2) (=aguantar) [+ dolor, contratiempo, clima] to bear; [+ persona] to put up with
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    verbo transitivo
    1) <situación/frío/dolor> to put up with, bear, endure (frml); < persona> to put up with

    no soporto este calor/la gente así — I can't stand this heat/people like that

    soportó el dolor sin quejarse — she put up with o bore the pain without complaint

    2) <peso/carga> to support, withstand; < presión> to withstand
    * * *
    = carry, stand up to, withstand, endure, put up with, stomach, bear.
    Nota: Verbo irregular: pasado bore, participio borne.
    Ex. Cable TV systems have now been introduced in the United States that have the technical ability to carry two-way signals.
    Ex. However, he would prefer a binding that will stand up to being stuffed into after-hours book drops and being hauled from one library to another.
    Ex. While the current problems associated with serial economics have driven a wedge between vendors, librarians and publishers, they should be cooperating and communicating in order to withstand the information explosion.
    Ex. On the other hand people passionately devoted to a hobby or sport or their work will endure without complaint conditions which less ardent folk think outrageously insupportable.
    Ex. Have reading foisted on you as a duty, a task to be put up with, from which you expect no delight, and it can appear a drab business gladly to be given up.
    Ex. Early man couldn't stomach milk, according to research.
    Ex. One is tempted to say that the enthusiasts for postcoordinate systems, being forced to admit reluctantly that control was necessary, couldn't bear to use the old-fashioned term 'list of subject headings'.
    ----
    * soportar el peso de Algo = carry + the burden.
    * soportarlo = live with it.
    * soportar un ataque = suffer + attack.
    * soportar un peso = take + load.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo
    1) <situación/frío/dolor> to put up with, bear, endure (frml); < persona> to put up with

    no soporto este calor/la gente así — I can't stand this heat/people like that

    soportó el dolor sin quejarse — she put up with o bore the pain without complaint

    2) <peso/carga> to support, withstand; < presión> to withstand
    * * *
    = carry, stand up to, withstand, endure, put up with, stomach, bear.
    Nota: Verbo irregular: pasado bore, participio borne.

    Ex: Cable TV systems have now been introduced in the United States that have the technical ability to carry two-way signals.

    Ex: However, he would prefer a binding that will stand up to being stuffed into after-hours book drops and being hauled from one library to another.
    Ex: While the current problems associated with serial economics have driven a wedge between vendors, librarians and publishers, they should be cooperating and communicating in order to withstand the information explosion.
    Ex: On the other hand people passionately devoted to a hobby or sport or their work will endure without complaint conditions which less ardent folk think outrageously insupportable.
    Ex: Have reading foisted on you as a duty, a task to be put up with, from which you expect no delight, and it can appear a drab business gladly to be given up.
    Ex: Early man couldn't stomach milk, according to research.
    Ex: One is tempted to say that the enthusiasts for postcoordinate systems, being forced to admit reluctantly that control was necessary, couldn't bear to use the old-fashioned term 'list of subject headings'.
    * soportar el peso de Algo = carry + the burden.
    * soportarlo = live with it.
    * soportar un ataque = suffer + attack.
    * soportar un peso = take + load.

    * * *
    soportar [A1 ]
    vt
    A
    1 ‹situación/frío/dolor›
    deberá soportar temperaturas de 500° it will have to withstand o endure temperatures of 500°
    no soporto este calor I can't stand this heat
    soportó el dolor sin quejarse she put up with o endured o bore the pain without complaint
    no pienso soportar que me traten así I will not stand for o tolerate them treating me like that
    no soportaba más esa situación she could no longer endure o bear o tolerate that situation
    2 ‹persona› to put up with
    lo soporté durante muchos años I put up with him for many years
    no soporto la gente así I can't stand o bear people like that
    B
    1 ‹peso/carga› to support, withstand
    2 ‹presión› to withstand
    * * *

     

    soportar ( conjugate soportar) verbo transitivo
    1 ‹situación/frío/dolor› to put up with, bear, endure (frml);
    ‹ persona› to put up with;
    ◊ no soporto este calor/la gente así I can't stand this heat/people like that

    2 ‹peso/carga› to support, withstand;
    ‹ presión› to withstand
    soportar verbo transitivo
    1 (una carga, un peso) to support, bear, carry
    2 fig (sufrir, tolerar) to bear: no podía soportar el dolor, he couldn't stand the pain
    no nos soportamos, we can't stand each other ➣ Ver nota en bear y stand
    ' soportar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    aguantar
    - cañón
    - cargar
    - condescendencia
    - difícil
    - onerosa
    - oneroso
    - padecer
    - pasar
    - resistir
    - sufrir
    - sustentar
    - tensión
    - tragarse
    - tragar
    English:
    abide
    - barrage
    - bear
    - endure
    - folly
    - hardship
    - hold
    - put up with
    - rejection
    - stand
    - stomach
    - suffer
    - take
    - wastefulness
    - carry
    - stick
    - tolerate
    - withstand
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [sostener] to support
    2. [resistir, tolerar] to stand;
    ¡no lo soporto! I can't stand him/it!;
    no sé cómo soportas que te hablen así I don't know how you put up with them talking to you like that;
    no soporta que le griten he can't bear being shouted at
    3. [sobrellevar] to endure, to bear;
    el niño soportó el castigo sin inmutarse the child took his punishment without turning a hair
    4. Informát to support
    * * *
    v/t fig
    put up with, bear;
    no puedo soportar a José I can’t stand José
    * * *
    1) sostener: to support, to hold up
    2) resistir: to withstand, to resist
    3) aguantar: to bear, to tolerate
    * * *
    1. (aguantar) to put up with [pt. & pp. put]
    ¿cómo lo soportas? how do you put up with it?
    2. (tolerar) to stand [pt. & pp. stood]
    3. (sostener) to support

    Spanish-English dictionary > soportar

  • 102 viel

    I Adj. a lot of, lots of umg.; viele many; nicht viel not much; nicht viele not many; sehr viel a great deal (of); sehr viele very many, a lot ( oder lots umg) (of), a great many; noch einmal so viel as much again; ziemlich viel(e) quite a lot (of); viel verdienen earn a lot of money; viele sind dafür etc. many people are in favo(u)r of it etc.; einer zu viel one too many; einer unter vielen one among(st) many; ein bisschen viel a bit ( oder little) (too) much; siehe auch bisschen II; viel zu viel far too much; das viele Geld all that money; in vielem in many ways; viel Erfreuliches etc. lots of nice things etc.; das letzte Jahr hat nicht viel Erfreuliches gebracht the past year hasn’t brought much joy; um vieles besser far ( oder much) better; das will viel / nicht viel heißen that’s saying a lot / that’s not saying much; Dank, Glück 1, so I 8; Spaß 2 etc.
    II Adv.
    1. a lot, lots umg.; viel reisen / krank sein etc. travel / be ill etc. a lot; die Straße wird viel befahren the road is used a lot, a lot of traffic uses the road; viel besser much better; was gibt es da noch viel zu bereden? what is there to discuss?, I thought we’d settled things; was soll ich dir noch viel erzählen? there’s no point in my going into (any great) detail about it
    2. mit P.P.: viel beachtet well regarded; viel befahren very busy; eine viel befahrene Straße auch a road with heavy traffic; viel begehrt Künstler, Junggeselle etc.: much ( oder highly) sought-after; viel benutzt well-used; viel beschäftigt very busy; viel besucht much-frequented; viel besungen lit. oder hum. präd. frequently celebrated in song, attr. auch oft-sung lit.; viel bewundert much-admired; viel diskutiert much-discussed, widely discussed; viel gebraucht much-used; viel gefragt very popular; viel gefragt sein auch be in great demand; viel gehasst much-hated; viel gekauft frequently bought; viel gelesen much-read; viel geliebt much-loved; viel gelobt much-praised; viel genannt often-mentioned, lit. oft-mentioned; Buch: much-cited, oft-cited; (berühmt) noted, distinguished; viel gepriesen much-praised; viel geprüft sorely tried; viel gereist widely- ( oder much-)travel(l)ed; er ist ein viel gereister Mann he’s done a lot of travel(l)ing (in his time); viel gerühmt much-praised; viel geschmäht oder gescholten much-maligned, much-reviled; viel kritisiert much-criticized; viel umjubelt highly acclaimed; viel umstritten highly controversial; viel umworben much sought-after; viel zitiert much-cited, oft-cited
    3. mit Part. Präs.: viel sagend Blick: meaningful; sie sah mich viel sagend an she gave me a meaningful look; viel sagend schweigen fall into a meaningful silence; viel verheißend oder viel versprechend (very) promising
    * * *
    a great deal (Adv.); much (Adj.); much (Adv.); a lot (Adv.); a lot of (Pron.); lots of (Pron.)
    * * *
    [fiːl]
    indef pron, adj comp mehr
    [meːɐ] superl meiste(r, s) or adv am meisten ['maistə]
    1) sing (adjektivisch) a lot of, a great deal of; (substantivisch) a lot, a great deal; (esp fragend, verneint) much

    víéles — a lot of things

    víél(es), was..., víél(es) von dem, was... — a lot or great deal of what...

    in víélem, in víéler Hinsicht or Beziehung — in many respects

    mit víélem — with a lot of things

    um víéles besser etc — a lot or much or a great deal better etc

    sehr víél (Geld etc) — a lot or a great deal (of money etc)

    nicht sehr víél (Geld etc) — not very much (money etc)

    so víél — so much

    halb/doppelt so víél — half/twice as much

    so víél als or wie... — as much as...

    nimm dir so víél du willst — take as much as you like

    noch einmal so víél — the same again

    das ist so víél wie eine Zusage — that is tantamount to a promise, that amounts to a promise

    so víél für heute! — that's all for today

    so víél, was ihn betrifft — so much for him

    so víél (Arbeit etc) — so much or such a lot (of work etc)

    noch (ein)mal so víél (Zeit etc) — as much (time etc) again

    zweimal so víél (Arbeit etc) — twice as much (work etc)

    gleich víél (Gewinn etc) — the same amount (of profit etc)

    wie víél — how much; (bei Mehrzahl) how many

    (um) wie víél größer — how much bigger

    ziemlich víél (Schmutz etc) — rather a lot (of dirt etc)

    zu víél — too much; (inf

    víél zu víél — much or far too much

    besser zu víél als zu wenig — better too much than too little

    wenns dir zu víél wird, sag Bescheid — say if it gets too much for you

    ihm ist alles zu víél (inf) — it's all too much for him

    da krieg ich zu víél (inf) — I blow my top (inf)

    einer/zwei etc zu víél — one/two etc too many

    einen/ein paar zu víél trinken (inf) — to drink or have (inf) one/a few too many

    was zu víél ist, ist zu víél — that's just too much, there's a limit to everything

    ein bisschen víél (Regen etc) — a bit too much (rain etc)

    furchtbar víél (Regen etc) — an awful lot (of rain etc)

    víél Erfolg! — good luck!, I wish you every success!

    víél Spaß! — have fun!, enjoy yourself/yourselves!

    víél Neues/Schönes etc — a lot of or many new/beautiful etc things

    víél Volk — a lot of people

    das víéle Geld — all that money

    sein víéles Geld — all his money

    das víéle Geld/Lesen etc — all this money/reading etc

    víél zu tun haben — to have a lot to do

    er hält víél von ihm/davon — he thinks a lot or a great deal of him/it

    er hält nicht víél von ihm/davon — he doesn't think much of him/it

    das will víél/nicht víél heißen or sagen — that's saying a lot or a great deal/not saying much

    2)

    víéle pl (adjektivisch) — many, a lot of, a great number of; (substantivisch) many, a lot

    es waren nicht víéle auf der Party — there weren't many (people) or a lot (of people) at the party

    es waren nicht víéle in der Schule — there weren't many (children) or a lot (of children) at school

    da wir so víéle sind — since there are so many or such a lot of us

    davon gibt es nicht víéle — there aren't many or a lot about

    davon gibt es nicht mehr víéle — there aren't many or a lot left

    furchtbar víéle (Kinder/Bewerbungen etc) — a tremendous number or an awful lot (of children/applications etc)

    gleich víéle (Angestellte/Anteile etc) — the same number (of employees/shares etc)

    so/zu víéle (Menschen/Fehler etc) — so/too many (people/mistakes etc)

    er hat víél(e) Sorgen/Probleme etc — he has a lot of worries/problems etc

    víéle hundert or Hundert Menschen — many hundreds of people

    die/seine víélen Fehler etc — the/his many mistakes etc

    die víélen Leute/Bücher! — all these people/books!

    víéle glauben,... — many (people) or a lot of people believe...

    und víéle andere —

    es waren derer or ihrer víéle (liter) — there were many of them

    3) (adverbial: mit vb) a lot, a great deal; (esp fragend, verneint) much

    er arbeitet víél — he works a lot

    er arbeitet nicht víél — he doesn't work much

    er arbeitet zu víél — he works too much

    er arbeitet so víél — he works so much or such a lot

    sie ist víél krank/von zu Hause weg — she's ill/away a lot

    die Straße wird (sehr/nicht) víél befahren — this street is (very/not very) busy

    dieses Thema wird víél diskutiert — this subject is much debated

    sich víél einbilden — to think a lot of oneself

    4) (adverbial: mit adj, adv) much, a lot

    víél größer etc — much or a lot bigger etc

    víél beschäftigt — very busy

    víél diskutiert — much discussed

    víél erörtert — much discussed

    víél gehasst — much-hated

    víél gekauft — frequently bought, much-purchased

    víél geliebt — much-loved

    víél genannt — much-cited, frequently mentioned

    víél geprüft (hum) — sorely tried

    víél gereist — much-travelled (Brit), much-traveled (US)

    víél geschmäht — much-maligned

    víél umworben — much-sought-after; Frau much-courted

    víél verheißend — promising, full of promise; anfangen promisingly

    sich víél verheißend anhören — to sound promising

    nicht víél anders — not very or much or a lot different

    víél zu... — much too...

    víél zu víél — much or far too much

    víél zu víéle — far too many

    ich würde víél lieber auf eine Party gehen — I'd much rather go to a party, I'd much prefer to go to a party

    * * *
    1) (a large quantity or number: What a lot of letters!) a lot
    2) (a (great) amount or quantity of: This job won't take much effort; I found it without much difficulty; How much sugar is there left?; There's far too much salt in my soup; He ate so much ice-cream that he was sick; Take as much money as you need; After much discussion they decided to go.) much
    3) (a large amount; a great deal: He didn't say much about it; Much of this trouble could have been prevented; Did you eat much?; not much; too much; as much as I wanted; How much did you eat?; Only this/that / so much; How much is (= What is the price of) that fish?; Please tidy your room - it isn't much to ask.) much
    4) ((by) a great deal; (by) far: She's much prettier than I am; He isn't much older than you; How much further must we walk?; much more easily; He's much the best person to ask.) much
    5) (to have a good, or bad, opinion of: She thought highly of him and his poetry.) think highly
    6) (to have a good, or bad, opinion of: She thought highly of him and his poetry.) well
    7) (to have a good, or bad, opinion of: She thought highly of him and his poetry.) badly etc of
    * * *
    [fi:l]
    ▪ \vieles a lot, a great deal, much/many
    sie weiß \vieles she knows a lot [or a great deal]
    ich habe meiner Frau \vieles zu verdanken I have to thank my wife for a lot
    \vieles, was du da sagst, trifft zu a lot [or much] of what you say is correct
    in \vielem hast du Recht in many respects you're right
    in \vielem gebe ich Ihnen Recht I agree with you in much of what you say
    mit \vielem, was er vorschlägt, bin ich einverstanden I agree with many of the things he suggests
    mein Mann ist um \vieles jünger als ich my husband is much younger than me
    es ist \vieles neu an diesem Modell this model has many [or a lot of] new features
    schöner ist dieser Lederkoffer natürlich, aber auch um \vieles teurer this leather suitcase is nicer, of course, but a lot more expensive
    sie kam mit \vielem alten Zeug she came with a lot of old stuff
    in \vieler Beziehung in many respects
    \vieles Ermutigende/Faszinierende/Schreckliche much encouragement/fascination/horror
    \vieles Interessante gab es zu sehen there was much of interest [or were many interesting things] to see
    III. adj
    <mehr, meiste>
    1. sing, attr, inv
    \viel Arbeit/Geduld/Geld a lot [or great deal] of work/patience/money
    \viel Erfolg! good luck!, I wish you every success!
    \viel Glück! all the best!, I wish you luck!
    \viel Spaß! enjoy yourself/yourselves!, have fun!
    \viel Vergnügen! enjoy yourself/yourselves!
    2. sing, attr
    ▪ \viele/ \vieler/ \vieles... many/much..., a lot of...
    ihre Augen waren rot von \vielem Weinen her eyes were red from much crying
    \vielen Dank! thank you very much!
    3. sing, attr
    ▪ der/die/das \viele... all this/that
    das \viele Essen über die Weihnachtstage ist mir nicht bekommen all that food over Christmas hasn't done me any good
    der \viele Ärger lässt mich nicht mehr schlafen I can't get to sleep with all this trouble
    ▪ sein \vieler/sein \vieles/seine \viele... all one's...
    4. sing, allein stehend, inv a lot, a great deal, much/many
    ich habe zu \viel zu tun I have too much to do
    sechs Kinder sind heute \viel six children today are many [or a lot]
    das ist sehr/unendlich \viel that's a huge/an endless amount/number
    viel wurde getan a lot [or a great deal] [or much] was done
    ihr Blick sagte \viel her look spoke volumes
    sie hat \viel von ihrem Mutter she has a lot of her mother
    das ist ein bisschen \viel [auf einmal]! that's a little too much [all at once]!
    nicht/recht \viel not much [or a lot]/quite a lot
    von dem Plan halte ich nicht \viel I don't think much of the plan
    das hat nicht \viel zu bedeuten that doesn't mean much
    er kann nicht \viel vertragen he can't hold his drink
    sie ist nicht \viel über dreißig she's not much over thirty
    was kann dabei schon \viel passieren? (fam) nothing's going to happen!
    \viel verheißend/versprechend highly promising
    was zu \viel ist, ist zu \viel enough is enough
    5. pl, attr
    ▪ \viele... a lot of..., a great number of..., many...
    unglaublich \viele Heuschrecken an unbelievable number of grasshoppers
    ein Geschenk von \vielen hundert Blumen a present of many hundreds of flowers
    und \viele andere and many others
    ▪ die \vielen... the great many [or number of]...
    6. pl, allein stehend
    ▪ \viele many; von Dingen a. a lot
    diese Ansicht wird immer noch von \vielen vertreten this view is still held by many [people]
    es sind noch einige Fehler, aber \viele haben wir verbessert there are still some errors, but we've corrected many [or a lot] [of them]
    \viele deiner Bücher kenne ich schon I know many [or a lot] of your books already
    es waren \viele von ihnen [o (geh) ihrer \viele] da there were many of them there
    einer unter \vielen one among many
    so \viel ist gewiss one thing is for certain
    ebenso \viel equally many/as much
    genauso \viel exactly as many/much
    gleich \viel just as much/many, the same
    gleich \viel Sand/Wasser the same amount of sand/water
    wir haben gleich \viele Dienstjahre we've been working here for the same number of years
    nicht \viel nützen (fam) to be not much use
    wie \viel/ \viele? how much/many?
    8. sing, allein stehend, inv DIAL (fam: nichts)
    ich weiß \viel, was du willst I haven't a clue what you want fam
    IV. adv
    <mehr, am meisten>
    im Sommer halten wir uns \viel im Garten auf we spend a lot of time in the garden in summer
    früher hat sie ihre Mutter immer \viel besucht she always used to visit her mother a lot
    man redet \viel von Frieden there's much [or a lot of] talk about peace
    eine \viel befahrene Straße a [very] busy street
    ein \viel beschäftigter Mann a very busy man
    \viel diskutiert much discussed
    einmal zu \viel once too often
    ein \viel erfahrener Pilot a pilot with a lot of experience
    ein \viel gefragtes Model a model that is in great demand
    \viel gekauft popular
    \viel gelesen widely read
    \viel geliebt much loved
    \viel gepriesen highly acclaimed
    ein \viel gereister Mann a man who has travelled a great deal
    \viel geschmäht much maligned [or abused]
    eine \viel gestellte Frage a question that comes up frequently
    \viel ins Kino/Theater gehen to go to the cinema/theatre frequently [or a lot], to be a regular cinema-goer/theatre-goer
    \viel umstritten highly controversial
    woanders ist es nicht \viel anders als bei uns there's not much [or a lot of] difference between where we live and somewhere else
    ich weiß \viel mehr, als du denkst I know far [or much] [or a lot] more than you think
    \viel kürzer/schwerer/weiter far [or much] [or a lot] shorter/heavier/more distant
    \viel zu groß/lang/teuer far [or much] too big/long/expensive
    \viel zu viel far [or much] too much
    * * *
    1.
    Indefinitpronomen und unbestimmtes Zahlwort
    1) Sg. a great deal of; a lot of (coll.)

    so/wie/nicht/zu viel — that/how/not/too much

    viel[es] — (viele Dinge, vielerlei) much

    viel sagend — (fig.) meaningful

    viel versprechend — [very] promising

    2) Plural many

    gleich viel[e] — the same number of

    wie viel[e] — how many

    zu viel[e] — too many

    2.
    1) (oft, lange) a great deal; a lot (coll.)
    2) (wesentlich) much; a great deal; a lot (coll.)

    viel mehr/weniger — much more/less

    viel zu viel — far or much to much

    * * *
    A. adj a lot of, lots of umg;
    viele many;
    nicht viel not much;
    nicht viele not many;
    sehr viel a great deal (of);
    sehr viele very many, a lot ( oder lots umg) (of), a great many;
    noch einmal so viel as much again;
    ziemlich viel(e) quite a lot (of);
    viel verdienen earn a lot of money;
    viele sind dafür etc many people are in favo(u)r of it etc;
    einer zu viel one too many;
    einer unter vielen one among(st) many;
    ein bisschen viel a bit ( oder little) (too) much; → auch bisschen B;
    viel zu viel far too much;
    das viele Geld all that money;
    in vielem in many ways;
    viel Erfreuliches etc lots of nice things etc;
    das letzte Jahr hat nicht viel Erfreuliches gebracht the past year hasn’t brought much joy;
    um vieles besser far ( oder much) better;
    das will viel/nicht viel heißen that’s saying a lot/that’s not saying much; → Dank, Glück 1, so A 8; Spaß 2 etc
    B. adv
    1. a lot, lots umg;
    viel reisen/krank sein etc travel/be ill etc a lot;
    die Straße wird viel befahren the road is used a lot, a lot of traffic uses the road;
    viel besser much better;
    was gibt es da noch viel zu bereden? what is there to discuss?, I thought we’d settled things;
    was soll ich dir noch viel erzählen? there’s no point in my going into (any great) detail about it
    2. mit pperf:
    viel beachtet well regarded;
    viel befahren very busy;
    eine viel befahrene Straße auch a road with heavy traffic;
    viel begehrt Künstler, Junggeselle etc: much ( oder highly) sought-after;
    viel benutzt well-used;
    viel beschäftigt very busy;
    viel besucht much-frequented;
    viel besungen liter oder hum präd frequently celebrated in song, attr auch oft-sung liter;
    viel bewundert much-admired;
    viel diskutiert much-discussed, widely discussed;
    viel gebraucht much-used;
    viel gefragt very popular;
    viel gefragt sein auch be in great demand;
    viel gehasst much-hated;
    viel gekauft frequently bought;
    viel gelesen much-read;
    viel geliebt much-loved;
    viel gelobt much-praised;
    viel genannt often-mentioned, liter oft-mentioned; Buch: much-cited, oft-cited; (berühmt) noted, distinguished;
    viel gepriesen much-praised;
    viel geprüft sorely tried;
    viel gereist widely- ( oder much-)travel(l)ed;
    er ist ein viel gereister Mann he’s done a lot of travel(l)ing (in his time);
    viel gerühmt much-praised;
    gescholten much-maligned, much-reviled;
    viel kritisiert much-criticized;
    viel umjubelt highly acclaimed;
    viel umstritten highly controversial;
    viel umworben much sought-after;
    viel zitiert much-cited, oft-cited
    3. mit ppr:
    viel versprechend (very) promising
    * * *
    1.
    Indefinitpronomen und unbestimmtes Zahlwort
    1) Sg. a great deal of; a lot of (coll.)

    so/wie/nicht/zu viel — that/how/not/too much

    viel[es] — (viele Dinge, vielerlei) much

    viel sagend — (fig.) meaningful

    viel versprechend — [very] promising

    2) Plural many

    gleich viel[e] — the same number of

    wie viel[e] — how many

    zu viel[e] — too many

    2.
    1) (oft, lange) a great deal; a lot (coll.)
    2) (wesentlich) much; a great deal; a lot (coll.)

    viel mehr/weniger — much more/less

    viel zu viel — far or much to much

    * * *
    (wenig) zu wünschen übriglassen ausdr.
    to leave much (little)
    to be desired expr. adj.
    many adj.
    much adj.
    much n.
    umpteen adj.
    various adj.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > viel

  • 103 ahí

    adv.
    there.
    * * *
    1 there, in that place
    \
    de ahí que hence, therefore
    por ahí (lugar) round there 2 (aproximadamente) more or less
    * * *
    adv.
    * * *
    ADV
    1) [en un lugar] there

    ¿Nina, estás ahí? — Nina, are you there?

    • ahí abajo — down there

    • ahí arriba — up there

    • ahí dentro — in there, inside

    • ahí fuera — out there, outside

    • ahí mero Méx —

    • ahí mismo — right there

    • ahí no más — LAm right (near) here

    • por ahí — [indicando dirección] that way; [indicando posición] over there

    hoy podemos ir a cenar por ahí — we can go out for dinner tonight, we can eat out tonight

    ¿no dicen por ahí que vivimos en un país libre? — don't they say we live in a free country?

    por ahí se le ocurre llamar — Cono Sur he might think to phone

    • ahí tiene — there you are

    • ¡ahí va!, ahí va el balón, ¡cógelo! — there goes the ball, catch it!

    ¡ahí va, qué bonito! — wow, it's lovely!

    ¡ahí va, no me había dado cuenta de que eras tú! — well well! I didn't realise it was you

    ahí donde lo ves, come más que tú y yo juntos — believe it or not he eats more than you and me put together

    2) [en una situación]

    ¡ahí está el problema! — that's the problem!

    ahí está, por ejemplo, el caso de Luis — there's the case of Luis, for example

    ahí estaba yo, con casi cincuenta años, y todavía soltero — there was I, about to turn fifty, and still a bachelor

    -¿está mejor tu mujer? -ahí anda o LAm ahí va — "is your wife better?" - "she's doing all right"

    ¡hombre, haber empezado por ahí! — why didn't you say so before!

    • de ahí — that's why

    de ahí las quejas de los inquilinos — that's why the tenants are complaining, hence the tenants' complaints frm

    de ahí se deduce que... — from that it follows that...

    • hasta ahí, hasta ahí llego yo — I can work that much out for myself

    bueno, hasta ahí de acuerdo — well, I agree with you up to there o that point

    ¡hasta ahí podíamos llegar! — what a nerve!, that's the limit!, can you credit it!

    • he ahí el dilema — that's the dilemma, there you have the dilemma

    • ahí sí que LAm —

    si hubiéramos ido más rápido, ahí sí que nos matamos — if we'd gone any faster, we'd definitely have been killed

    3) [en el tiempo]

    • ahí mismo LAm —

    • ahí no más — Chile there and then

    • a partir de ahí — from then on

    * * *
    1)
    a) ( en el espacio) there

    ahí está/viene — there he is/here he comes

    ahí arriba/abajo — up/down there

    ahí mismo or (AmL) nomás o (Méx) mero — right o just there

    debe estar como a 200 pesetas - sí, por ahí anda — it must be about 200 pesetas - yes, that's about right

    ahí sí que — (AmL)

    de ahí a que: de ahí a que venga es otra cosa — whether or not he actually comes is another matter

    2)
    b)

    de ahí que — (+ subj)

    3) ( en el tiempo) then

    ahí es cuando... — that's when...

    4) (AmL) ( más o menos)

    ¿cómo sigue tu abuelo? - ahí anda — how's your grandfather getting on? - oh, so-so

    * * *
    Ex. The ASLIB handbook of special library and information work discusses literature searching techniques and the role of literature guides therein.
    ----
    * ahí está el problema = herein lies the rub, there's the rub.
    * ahí está la dificultad = herein lies the rub, there's the rub.
    * andar por ahí = go + (a)round, be out and about, get out and about.
    * de ahí = therefrom.
    * de ahí que = hence.
    * en algún lugar (de por ahí) = somewhere out there.
    * ir por ahí = go + (a)round, be out and about, get out and about.
    * no quedarse ahí = there + be + more to it than that.
    * por ahí = out there.
    * sueltos por ahí = hanging about.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( en el espacio) there

    ahí está/viene — there he is/here he comes

    ahí arriba/abajo — up/down there

    ahí mismo or (AmL) nomás o (Méx) mero — right o just there

    debe estar como a 200 pesetas - sí, por ahí anda — it must be about 200 pesetas - yes, that's about right

    ahí sí que — (AmL)

    de ahí a que: de ahí a que venga es otra cosa — whether or not he actually comes is another matter

    2)
    b)

    de ahí que — (+ subj)

    3) ( en el tiempo) then

    ahí es cuando... — that's when...

    4) (AmL) ( más o menos)

    ¿cómo sigue tu abuelo? - ahí anda — how's your grandfather getting on? - oh, so-so

    * * *

    Ex: The ASLIB handbook of special library and information work discusses literature searching techniques and the role of literature guides therein.

    * ahí está el problema = herein lies the rub, there's the rub.
    * ahí está la dificultad = herein lies the rub, there's the rub.
    * andar por ahí = go + (a)round, be out and about, get out and about.
    * de ahí = therefrom.
    * de ahí que = hence.
    * en algún lugar (de por ahí) = somewhere out there.
    * ir por ahí = go + (a)round, be out and about, get out and about.
    * no quedarse ahí = there + be + more to it than that.
    * por ahí = out there.
    * sueltos por ahí = hanging about.

    * * *
    A
    ¿qué tienes ahí? what have you got there?
    ¿y Juan? — ahí está/viene where's Juan? — there he is/here he comes now
    ahí arriba/abajo up/down there
    ¡bájate de ahí! get down from there!
    no, ahí no, allí no, not there, (over) there
    está ahí nomás or no más, a la vuelta ( AmL); it's only just around the corner
    lo dejé ahí mismo or ( Méx) ahí mero I left it right o just there
    para egoísta ahí tienes a tu primo if we're talking about selfishness you need look no further than your cousin
    2 ( en locs):
    por ahí somewhere
    he debido dejarlo por ahí I must have left it somewhere
    siempre anda por ahí she's always out somewhere
    por ahí hay quien dice que … there are those who say that …
    debe estar como a 2 euros — sí, por ahí anda it must be about 2 euros — yes, that's about right o yes, round about that
    tendrá unos 35 años o por ahí he must be 35 or so, he must be around 35
    por ahí se le da por venir ( RPl); he may decide to come
    ahí sí que ( AmL): ahí sí que me cogiste or ( RPl) agarraste or ( Chi) pillaste you've really got me there! ( colloq)
    ahí me/se las den todas ( fam); I/he couldn't care less o couldn't give a damn ( colloq)
    no estar ni ahí ( Chi fam): no estoy ni ahí (no me importa) I couldn't care less ( colloq) (no me interesa) it leaves me cold ( colloq)
    nada1 pron A. (↑ nada (1))
    B
    1
    (refiriéndose a un lugar figurado): ahí está el truco that's the secret, that's where the secret lies
    de ahí a la drogadicción sólo hay un paso from there it's just a short step to becoming a drug addict
    de ahí a decir que es excelente hay un buen trecho there's a big difference between that and saying it's excellent
    hasta ahí llego yo (al resolver un problema) I worked that much out myself; (al negarse a hacer algo) that's as far as I'm prepared to go
    hasta por ahí no más (CS): mi paciencia llega hasta por ahí no más there's a limit to my patience, my patience only goes so far
    es generoso hasta por ahí no más he's only generous up to a point
    2
    de ahí hence
    de ahí la importancia de esta reunión hence the importance of this meeting
    de ahí que (+ subj) that is why
    de ahí que haya perdido popularidad that is why her popularity has declined
    de ahí en adelante from then on, from that time o point on
    ahí es cuando debió decírselo, no después that's when he should have told her, not later
    ahí cambié de táctica then o at that point I changed my tactics
    ahí mismo there and then
    D
    ( AmL) (más o menos): ¿cómo sigue tu abuelo? — ahí anda how's your grandfather getting on? — oh, so-so
    * * *

     

    ahí adverbio
    1

    ◊ ahí está/viene there he is/here he comes;

    ahí arriba/abajo up/down there;
    ahí mismo or (AmL) nomás or (Méx) mero right o just there
    b)


    debe estar por ahí it must be around somewhere;
    fue a dar una vuelta por ahí she went off for a walk;
    se fue por ahí she went that way;
    yo he estado por ahí I've been around there;
    tendrá unos 35 años o por ahí he must be 35 or thereabouts
    2

    ◊ ahí está el truco/problema that's the secret/problem;

    de ahí a la drogadicción solo hay un paso from there it's just a short step to becoming a drug addict;
    hasta ahí llego yo that's as far as I'm prepared to go
    b)


    de ahí mi sorpresa hence my surprise;
    de ahí que hayan fracasado that is why they failed;
    de ahí a que venga es otra cosa whether or not he actually comes is another matter
    3 ( en el tiempo) then;

    ahí mismo there and then
    ahí adverbio there: está ahí, it's there
    ponlo por ahí, put it over there
    ahí tienes, here you are
    tiene cincuenta años o por ahí, he's fifty or thereabouts
    ve por ahí, go that way
    de ahí, hence
    de ahí que, so
    ' ahí' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    alguien
    - anda
    - andar
    - apestosa
    - apestoso
    - arriba
    - biruji
    - crisma
    - detrás
    - ir
    - hostia
    - lado
    - le
    - los
    - mañana
    - media
    - medio
    - pregonar
    - quienquiera
    - quitarse
    - Tiro
    - yo
    - agarrar
    - apartar
    - bien
    - brazo
    - colgar
    - cuidar
    - dentro
    - izquierda
    - mover
    - parado
    - poner
    - por
    - quedar
    - quitar
    - recordar
    - salir
    English:
    hand up
    - hence
    - hustle
    - leave
    - loose
    - mooch
    - nobody
    - peace
    - rest
    - rub
    - stand about
    - stand around
    - stay
    - there
    - thereabout
    - thereabouts
    - tissue
    - around
    - d'
    - flash
    - go
    - hand
    - happen
    - lucky
    - out of
    - reason
    - swear
    - way
    * * *
    ahí adv
    1. [lugar determinado] there;
    ahí arriba/abajo up/down there;
    desde ahí no se ve nada you can't see anything from there;
    ponlo ahí put it over there;
    vino por ahí he came that way;
    ¡ahí están! there they are!;
    ¡ahí tienes! here o there you are!;
    ahí vienen los niños here o there come the children;
    ahí mismo right there;
    déjalo ahí mismo leave it (over) there;
    Am
    ahí nomás right over there
    2. [lugar indeterminado]
    ahí es donde te equivocas that's where you are mistaken;
    la solución está ahí that's where the solution lies;
    de ahí a la fama hay muy poco it's not far to go from there to being famous;
    de ahí a llamarle tonto hay poca distancia there's little difference between saying that and calling him stupid;
    las llaves están por ahí the keys are around there somewhere;
    está por ahí [en lugar indeterminado] she's around (somewhere);
    [en la calle] she's out;
    se ha ido a pasear por ahí she's gone out for a walk;
    Fam
    andar por ahí con los amigos to hang out with one's friends;
    andan por ahí diciendo tonterías they're going around talking nonsense;
    por ahí [aproximadamente eso] something like that;
    ¿te costó 10 euros? – por ahí, por ahí it cost you 10 euros, did it? – yes, somewhere around that o more or less;
    por ahí va la cosa you're not too far wrong;
    por ahí no paso that's one thing I'm not prepared to do;
    Am
    ¡ahí está! (you) see!;
    todavía no me contestaron – ahí está, yo te dije they still haven't answered – (you) see, I told you so;
    CAm, Méx Fam
    ¡ahí muere! forget it!;
    ¡ahí es nada!: subió al Everest sin oxígeno, ¡ahí es nada! guess what, he only climbed Everest without any oxygen!;
    ha vendido ya dos millones, ¡ahí es nada! she's sold two million already, not bad, eh?;
    Fam
    ¿cómo estás? - Andes, Carib, RP [m5] ahí o CAm, Méx [m5] ahí nomás how are you? – so-so;
    ahí le duele: a pesar de su éxito, la crítica sigue sin aceptarlo, ¡ahí le duele! frustratingly for him, he still hasn't achieved critical acclaim despite his success;
    ¡ahí me las den todas! I couldn't care less!;
    Méx Fam
    ahí se va (it's no) big deal;
    Méx Fam
    hacer algo al ahí se va to do sth any old how
    3.
    de ahí que [por eso] and consequently;
    es un mandón, de ahí que no lo aguante nadie he's very bossy, that's why nobody likes him;
    de ahí su enfado that's why she was so angry
    4. [momento] then;
    de ahí en adelante from then on;
    ahí me di cuenta de que estaba mintiendo that was when I realized he was lying
    * * *
    adv there;
    ahí mismo right there;
    está por ahí it’s (somewhere) over there; dando direcciones it’s that way;
    irse por ahí go out;
    por ahí voy that’s what I’m getting at;
    ahí me las den todas fam I couldn’t o
    could care less, Br
    I couldn’t care less;
    ¡ahí va! fam there you go! fam ;
    de ahí que that is why
    * * *
    ahí adv
    1) : there
    ahí está: there it is
    2)
    por ahí : somewhere, thereabouts
    3)
    de ahí que : with the result that, so that
    * * *
    ahí adv there

    Spanish-English dictionary > ahí

  • 104 dovere

    1. v/i have to, must
    devo averlo I must have it, I have to have it
    non devo dimenticare I mustn't forget
    deve arrivare oggi she is supposed to arrive today
    come si deve ( bene) properly
    persona very decent
    doveva succedere it was bound to happen
    dovresti avvertirlo you ought to or should let him know
    2. v/t owe
    3. m duty
    per dovere out of duty
    * * *
    dovere v.servile
    1 ( obbligo, necessità assoluta) must, to have (got) to, to be to; shall (spec. form. nella 2a e 3a pers. sing. e pl.): devo finire questo lavoro entro domani, I must (o I have to o I've got to) finish this job by tomorrow; ha dovuto studiare tutto il giorno, he had to study all day; dobbiamo salvaguardare l'ambiente, we must (o we've got to) protect the environment; devi imparare a controllarti, you must (o you've got to) learn to control yourself; dovevamo partire subito, we had to leave at once; le domande d'iscrizione dovranno essere presentate entro febbraio, applications must (o are to) be made by the end of February; non dobbiamo fermarci un minuto di più, we mustn't stop a minute longer; devo proprio firmare?, do I have to (o have I got to o must I) sign?; la commissione deve riunirsi al più presto, the commission is to meet as soon as possible; secondo regolamento, nessuno deve lasciare la scuola senza autorizzazione, according to regulations, no one shall leave the school without authorization; tutti gli ufficiali devono presentarsi al colonnello, all officers are to (o shall) report to the colonel; che cosa devo fare?, what am I to do?; non devono esserci equivoci questa volta, there must be no misunderstanding this time; dovendo assentarmi per lavoro, non potrò presenziare alla cerimonia, having to be away on business, I shall be unable to attend the ceremony // comportarsi come si deve, to behave oneself (properly) // una persona come si deve, a decent person // un lavoro come si deve, a job well done // ( possibile) che debba sempre averla vinta tu?, why must you always be right?
    2 ( necessità, opportunità, convenienza) to have to, must (in frasi affermative e interr. positive); need (solo in frasi interr. positive); not to need to, need not, not to have (got) to (in frasi negative e interr. negative): dovrò alzarmi presto se voglio prendere il primo treno, I'll have to get up early if I want to catch the first train; dovremo far controllare l'impianto elettrico, we'll have to have the electric system checked; se vuole dimagrire dovrà mettersi a dieta, he'll have to go on a diet if he wants to lose weight; dovrai smettere di fumare prima o poi, you'll have to give up smoking sooner or later; dovete vedere quel film, you must, see that film; devi venire a cena qualche sera, you must (o you'll have to) come to dinner some evening; devi farti tagliare i capelli, you must (o you'll have to) get your hair cut; devi proprio andare in banca?, do you really need to go to the bank?; devi fare benzina?, do you need (to get) any petrol?; si deve mandare un acconto?, does one need to send a deposit?; non dovete accompagnarmi all'aeroporto, posso prendere un taxi, you needn't (o you don't have to o you don't need to) take me to the airport, as I can get a taxi; non è detto che debba andare proprio tu, you don't necessarily have to go; non dovevi telefonare?, didn't you have to make a phone call?; perché devi sempre interferire?, why must you keep on interfering?
    3 ( certezza, forte probabilità) must, to be bound to; ( inevitabilità) to have to, must: dev'esserci una spiegazione, there must be an explanation; dev'essere questo l'albergo, this must be the hotel; deve arrivare da un momento all'altro, he's bound to arrive any moment; devono aver capito, they must have understood; devi certamente aver sentito parlare di lui, you must (o you're bound to) have heard of him; doveva succedere prima o poi, it had to (o it was bound to) happen sooner or later; dovrà essere informato, he'll have to be told; dev'essere stato emozionante assistere a quell'incontro, it must have been exciting to be at that match
    4 ( essere previsto, prestabilito) to be to; (spec. di treno ecc.) to be due (to): doveva diventare presidente, he was to become president; le nozze dovevano essere celebrate l'indomani, the wedding was to take place next day; devo essere a Torino alle 10, I'm to be in Turin at 10 o'clock; l'aereo deve atterrare alle 11.15, the plane is due (to land) at 11.15; il treno doveva arrivare a Firenze alla 18, the train was due in Florence at 6 p.m.
    5 ( supposizione, previsione, possibilità) must: dev'essere già a casa, he must be home by now; non devono essere ancora partiti, they mustn't (o they can't) have left yet; devono essere le 3, it must be 3 o'clock; quello dev'essere il Monte Bianco, that must be Mont Blanc; deve sentirsi molto sola, she must be very lonely; non devono essersi capiti, they can't have understood each other; devi aver sofferto molto, you must have had a hard time; dev'essere rimasto male, he must have been upset; deve aver bevuto, he must have been drinking; non doveva avere più di 15 anni, he couldn't have been more than 15 (years of age); doveva essere molto tardi quando sei rincasato, it must have been very late when you got in // deve piovere, it's going to rain // dovrà rispondere di tentato omicidio, he's going to be charged with attempted murder ∙ Come si nota dagli esempi, in frasi negative si può usare can, could in luogo di must
    6 (per esprimere una richiesta, nella 1a pers. s. e pl. del pres. indic.) shall: devo dirglielo?, shall I tell him?; dobbiamo passare a prenderti?, shall we call for you?; devo chiudere la porta a chiave?, shall I lock the door?; devo pagare in contanti o posso darle un assegno?, shall I pay cash or can I give you a cheque?; dobbiamo venire anche noi?, shall we come too?; devo farti telefonare da Michele?, shall I get Michael to call you?
    7 (al cond.) should, ought to: dovrebbero arrivare per le otto, they should (o they ought to) be here by eight; avrei dovuto scusarmi, I should have apologized; dovrebbe partire stasera, he should leave tonight; avresti dovuto andarci, you should have gone (there); dovreste aiutarlo, you ought to help him; avresti dovuto saperlo da un pezzo, you should have known ages ago; avrebbero dovuto telefonarmi, they ought to have phoned me
    8 (al cong. imperf. in frasi ipotetiche) should, were to: non dimenticherò mai quel giorno, dovessi campare 100 anni, I'll never forget that day, if I were to live 100 years; se dovesse fallire..., if he were to fail...; se dovesse venire, avvertimi, if he should come (o should he come), let me know; se doveste passare da Bologna, telefonatemi, if you should happen to be passing through Bologna, give me a call; se dovessi incontrarlo, digli che ho bisogno di parlargli, if you should meet (o should you meet) him, tell him I need to have a word with him; (se) dovessero stare così le cose..., if that were the case...
    9 ( essere obbligato, costretto) to be compelled (o obliged o forced) to; to feel* bound to: devo rinunciare all'incarico per motivi di salute, I am compelled (o obliged o forced) to give up the post for health reasons; dovette abbandonare il paese, he was forced to leave the country; se non provvederete al mio risarcimento, dovrò rivolgermi al mio avvocato, if you fail to compensate me, I shall be obliged to contact my solicitor; in seguito alle gravi accuse, il ministro dovette dimettersi, as a result of the grave allegations, the minister was forced to resign; devo riconoscere che avevamo torto, I feel bound to say we were wrong
    10 (all'imperfetto con valore di condizionale per esprimere consiglio, suggerimento) should have (o ought to have) + part. pass.: dovevi aspettartelo, you should have expected it; non doveva rispondere in quel modo, he shouldn't have answered like that; dovevamo pensarci prima, we ought to have thought of it before; dovevate vederlo, you should have seen him; dovevano immaginare che ti saresti offeso, they should have realised you'd be offended; non dovevi fare tante storie, you shouldn't have made such a fuss
    ◆ v.tr.
    1 ( essere debitore di) to owe: gli devo 500 euro, I owe him 500 euros; che cosa le devo?, what do I owe you?; deve il successo alla sua grande popolarità, he owes his success to his great popularity; ti dobbiamo molta riconoscenza, we owe you a great debt of gratitude; gli dovevamo tutto, we owed everything to him; ti devo la vita, I owe my life to you
    2 ( derivare) to take*: la Bolivia deve il suo nome a Simon Bolivar, Bolivia takes its name from Simon Bolivar
    3 ( nella forma passiva) to be due: a che cosa era dovuto il ritardo?, what was the delay due to?; ciò si deve alla sua negligenza, that is due to his negligence; l'incidente non era dovuto a un guasto meccanico, ma a un errore del pilota, the accident was not due to mechanical failure, but to pilot error; la morte era dovuta a cause naturali, death was due to natural causes; la teoria della relatività si deve a Einstein, we owe the theory of relativity to Einstein.
    dovere s.m.
    1 duty: i miei doveri di madre, my duties as a mother; i nostri doveri verso Dio, la patria, il prossimo, our duty to God, our country, our fellow creatures; i diritti e i doveri del cittadino, the rights and duties of the citizen; (dir.) dovere legale, legal duty; (dir.) soggetto a dovere, liable to duty; per senso del dovere, from a sense of duty; com'è mio dovere, as in duty bound; conosco il mio dovere, I know my duty; ho il dovere d'informarvi, I must inform you; mancò al suo dovere, he failed in his duty; mi faccio un dovere di imitarvi in tutto, I make a point of imitating you in everything; morì vittima del dovere, he died doing his duty; sento il dovere di aiutarti, I feel bound to help you; si credeva in dovere di seguirmi dappertutto, he thought it was his duty to follow me everywhere // avere il senso del dovere, to be conscious of one's duty; fare il proprio dovere, to do one's duty: fa' il tuo dovere a qualunque costo!, do your duty at all costs! // a dovere, properly (o as it should be): ti ha sistemato a dovere!, he settled your hash! // chi di dovere penserà a farlo, the person responsible will look after it; ci rivolgeremo a chi di dovere, we'll apply to the person in charge // visita di dovere, duty call // prima il dovere poi il piacere, (prov.) work before pleasure
    2 pl. (antiq.) ( saluti, convenevoli) (kind) regards, compliments, respects: i miei doveri a vostra sorella, my kindest regards to your sister; porgere i propri doveri a qlcu., to pay one's respects to s.o.
    * * *
    [do'vere]
    1. vt irreg
    (soldi, riconoscenza) to owe

    gli devo il mio successo — I owe my success to him, I have him to thank for my success

    devo tutto ai miei genitori — I owe everything to my parents

    crede che tutto gli sia dovuto — he thinks he has a god-given right to everything

    1) (obbligo) to have to

    come si deve — (bene) properly, (meritatamente) properly, as he (o she ecc) deserves

    è una persona come si deve — he is a very decent person

    non avrebbe dovuto esserne informata che il giorno dopo — she was not supposed to hear about it until the following day

    non devi fare rumore — you mustn't o you're not to make a noise

    avrebbe dovuto farlo — he should have o ought to have done it

    lui deve farlo — he has (got) to do it, he must do it

    devo farlo subito? — do I have to o have I got to do it immediately?

    devo partire domani — I'm leaving tomorrow, (purtroppo) I've got to leave tomorrow

    non devi zuccherarlo — (non è necessario) there's no need to add sugar

    2)

    lo farò, dovessi morire — I'll do it if it kills me

    3)

    (previsione) deve arrivare alle 10 — he should o is due to arrive at 10

    4)

    (probabilità) deve essere difficile farlo — it must be difficult to do

    3. sm
    (obbligo) duty

    a dovere — (bene) properly, (debitamente) as he (o she ecc) deserves

    rivolgersi a chi di dovere — to apply to the appropriate authority o person

    fare il proprio dovere di elettore — to do one's duty as a voter

    farsi un dovere di qc — to make sth one's duty

    avere il senso del dovere — to have a sense of duty

    * * *
    I 1. [do'vere]
    (when it is modal verb the use of the auxiliary essere or avere depends on the verb in the infinitive that follows) verbo modale
    1) (per esprimere obbligo) must, to have* to
    2) (per esprimere necessità, esigenza, convenienza) to have* (got) to
    3) (per esprimere consiglio, raccomandazione) should, ought to
    2.
    verbo transitivo
    1) (essere debitore di) to owe [denaro, cena] (a qcn. to sb.)

    quanto le devo? — (per un servizio) how much do I owe you? (per un acquisto) how much is it?

    mi deve un favore, delle scuse — he owes me a favour, an apology

    2) come si deve [comportarsi, agire] properly
    II 1. [do'vere]
    sostantivo maschile

    a chi di dovere — the person o people concerned

    2) a dovere properly, in the right way
    2.
    sostantivo maschile plurale doveri ant. (omaggi) respects

    - i coniugali — conjugal o marital duties

    ••

    prima il dovere, poi il piacere — prov. = duty comes first

    * * *
    dovere1
    /do'vere/ [43] (when it is modal verb the use of the auxiliary essere or avere depends on the verb in the infinitive that follows)
     1 (per esprimere obbligo) must, to have* to; il prestito deve essere rimborsato in un anno the loan must be repaid in one year; devo veramente alzarmi alle 7? must I really be up at 7 am? non devi farne parola con nessuno you mustn't mention this to anyone; devo andare a prendere i bambini a scuola I have to collect the children from school; fai quello che devi do what you have to
     2 (per esprimere necessità, esigenza, convenienza) to have* (got) to; si doveva fare qualcosa something had to be done; devi metterti a dieta se vuoi dimagrire you have to diet if you want to slim down; dobbiamo proprio discuterne adesso? need we discuss it now? devo prendere un ombrello? should I take an umbrella? do I need to take an umbrella? che devo fare? what am I to do?
     3 (per esprimere consiglio, raccomandazione) should, ought to; dovresti riflettere prima di parlare you should think before you speak
     4 (per esprimere probabilità) doveva essere lui it must have been him; dev'esserci qualche errore! there must be some mistake!
     5 (per esprimere previsione) dovremmo arrivare per le sei we should be there by six o'clock; devo vederlo domani I'll be seeing him tomorrow; quando deve o dovrebbe nascere il bambino? when's the baby due?
     6 (in offerte di cortesia o richieste di istruzioni) shall; dobbiamo aspettarti? shall we wait for you?
     1 (essere debitore di) to owe [denaro, cena] (a qcn. to sb.); quanto le devo? (per un servizio) how much do I owe you? (per un acquisto) how much is it? devo a te la mia vittoria it's thanks to you that I won; mi deve un favore, delle scuse he owes me a favour, an apology
     2 come si deve [comportarsi, agire] properly; un uomo come si deve a decent man.
    \
    See also notes... (dovere.pdf)
    ————————
    dovere2
    /do'vere/
    I sostantivo m.
     1 (obbligo) duty ( nei confronti di, verso to); avere il dovere di fare to have the duty to do; avere il senso del dovere to have a sense of duty; fare il proprio dovere to do one's duty; sentirsi in dovere di fare to feel duty bound to do; visita di dovere duty call; a chi di dovere the person o people concerned
     2 a dovere properly, in the right way
    II doveri m.pl.
     ant. (omaggi) respects
    prima il dovere, poi il piacere prov. = duty comes first
    \
    - i coniugali conjugal o marital duties.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > dovere

  • 105 ὡς

    ὡς (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.) relative adv. of the relative pron. ὅς. It is used as
    ① a comparative particle, marking the manner in which someth. proceeds, as, like
    ⓐ corresponding to οὕτως=‘so, in such a way’: σωθήσεται, οὕτως ὡς διὰ πυρός he will be saved, (but only) in such a way as (one, in an attempt to save oneself, must go) through fire (and therefore suffer fr. burns) 1 Cor 3:15. τὴν ἑαυτοῦ γυναῖκα οὕτως ἀγαπάτω ὡς ἑαυτόν Eph 5:33; cp. vs. 28. ἡμέρα κυρίου ὡς κλέπτης οὕτως ἔρχεται 1 Th 5:2. The word οὕτως can also be omitted ἀσφαλίσασθε ὡς οἴδατε make it as secure as you know how = as you can Mt 27:65. ὡς οὐκ οἶδεν αὐτός (in such a way) as he himself does not know = he himself does not know how, without his knowing (just) how Mk 4:27. ὡς ἀνῆκεν (in such a way) as is fitting Col 3:18. Cp. 4:4; Eph 6:20; Tit 1:5 (cp. Just., A I, 3, 1 ὡς πρέπον ἐστίν). ὡς πᾶσα γυνὴ γεννᾷ GJs 11:2; ὡς ἀπεκαλύφθη AcPlCor 1:8.
    ⓑ special uses
    α. in ellipses (TestAbr A 12 p. 90, 22 [Stone p. 28] θρόνος … ἐξαστράπτων ὡς πῦρ; TestJob 20:3 χρήσασθαι … ὡς ἐβούλετο; JosAs 12:7 πρὸς σὲ κατέφυγον ὡς παιδίον ἐπὶ τὸν πατέρα) ἐλάλουν ὡς νήπιος I used to speak as a child (is accustomed to speak) 1 Cor 13:11a; cp. bc; Mk 10:15; Eph 6:6a; Phil 2:22; Col 3:22. ὡς τέκνα φωτὸς περιπατεῖτε walk as (is appropriate for) children of light Eph 5:8; cp. 6:6b. ὡς ἐν ἡμέρᾳ as (it is one’s duty to walk) in the daylight Ro 13:13. The Israelites went through the Red Sea ὡς διὰ ξηρᾶς γῆς as (one travels) over dry land Hb 11:29. οὐ λέγει ὡς ἐπὶ πολλῶν ἀλλʼ ὡς ἐφʼ ἑνός he speaks not as one would of a plurality (s. ἐπί 8), but as of a single thing Gal 3:16.—Ro 15:15; 1 Pt 5:3. Also referring back to οὕτως (GrBar 6:16 ὡς γὰρ τὰ δίστομα οὕτως καὶ ὁ ἀλέκτωρ μηνύει τοῖς ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ like articulate beings the rooster informs earth’s inhabitants) οὕτως τρέχω ὡς οὐκ ἀδήλως I run as (a person) with a fixed goal 1 Cor 9:26a. Cp. ibid. b; Js 2:12.
    β. ὡς and the words that go w. it can be the subj. or obj., of a clause: γενηθήτω σοι ὡς θέλεις let it be done (= it will be done) for you as you wish Mt 15:28. Cp. 8:13; Lk 14:22 v.l. (for ὅ; cp. ὡς τὸ θέλημά σου OdeSol 11:21). The predicate belonging to such a subj. is to be supplied in οὐχ ὡς ἐγὼ θέλω (γενηθήτω) Mt 26:39a.—ἐποίησεν ὡς προσέταξεν αὐτῷ ὁ ἄγγελος he did as (= that which) the angel commanded him (to do) Mt 1:24; cp. 26:19 (on the structure s. RPesch, BZ 10, ’66, 220–45; 11, ’67, 79–95; cp. the formula Job 42:9 and the contrasting negation Ex 1:17; s. also Ex 3:21f); 28:15.—Practically equivalent to ὅ, which is a v.l. for it Mk 14:72 (JBirdsall, NovT 2, ’58, 272–75; cp. Lk 14:22 above).
    γ. ἕκαστος ὡς each one as or according to what Ro 12:3; 1 Cor 3:5; 7:17ab; Rv 22:12. ὡς ἦν δυνατὸς ἕκαστος each person interpreted them as best each could Papias (2:16).
    δ. in indirect questions (X., Cyr. 1, 5, 11 ἀπαίδευτοι ὡς χρὴ συμμάχοις χρῆσθαι) ἐξηγοῦντο ὡς ἐγνώσθη αὐτοῖς ἐν τῇ κλάσει τοῦ ἄρτου they told how he had made himself known to them when they broke bread together Lk 24:35. Cp. Mk 12:26 v.l. (for πῶς); Lk 8:47; 23:55; Ac 10:38; 20:20; Ro 11:2; 2 Cor 7:15.
    ② a conjunction marking a point of comparison, as. This ‘as’ can have a ‘so’ expressly corresponding to it or not, as the case may be; further, both sides of the comparison can be expressed in complete clauses, or one or even both may be abbreviated.
    ⓐ ὡς is correlative w. οὕτως=so. οὕτως … ὡς (so, in such a way) … as: οὐδέποτε ἐλάλησεν οὕτως ἄνθρωπος ὡς οὗτος λαλεῖ ὁ ἄνθρωπος J 7:46. ὡς … οὕτως Ac 8:32 (Is 53:7); 23:11; Ro 5:15 (ὡς τὸ παράπτωμα, οὕτως καὶ τὸ χάρισμα, both halves to be completed), 18. ὡς κοινωνοί ἐστε τῶν παθημάτων, οὕτως καὶ τῆς παρακλήσεως as you are comrades in suffering, so (shall you be) in comfort as well 2 Cor 1:7. Cp. 7:14; 11:3 v.l.—ὡς … καί as … so (Plut., Mor. 39e; Ath. 15, 2) Mt 6:10; Ac 7:51; 2 Cor 13:2; Gal 1:9; Phil 1:20.
    ⓑ The clause beginning w. ὡς can easily be understood and supplied in many cases; when this occurs, the noun upon which the comparison depends can often stand alone, and in these cases ὡς acts as a particle denoting comparison. οἱ δίκαιοι ἐκλάμψουσιν ὡς ὁ ἥλιος the righteous will shine out as the sun (shines) Mt 13:43. ὡς ἐπὶ λῃστὴν ἐξήλθατε συλλαβεῖν με as (one goes out) against a robber, (so) you have gone out to arrest me 26:55 (Mel., P. 79, 574 ὡς ἐπὶ φόνιον λῄστην). γίνεσθε φρόνιμοι ὡς οἱ ὄφεις be (as) wise as serpents (are) 10:16b. Cp. Lk 12:27; 21:35; 22:31; J 15:6; 2 Ti 2:17; 1 Pt 5:8.
    ⓒ Semitic infl. is felt in the manner in which ὡς, combined w. a subst., takes the place of a subst. or an adj.
    α. a substantive
    א. as subj. (cp. Da 7:13 ὡς υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἤρχετο; cp. 10:16, 18) ἐνώπιον τοῦ θρόνου (ἦν) ὡς θάλασσα ὑαλίνη before the throne there was something like a sea of glass Rv 4:6. Cp. 8:8; 9:7a. ἀφʼ ἑνὸς ἐγενήθησαν ὡς ἡ ἄμμος from one man they have come into being as the sand, i.e. countless descendants Hb 11:12.
    ב. as obj. (JosAs 17:6 εἶδεν Ἀσενὲθ ὡς ἅρμα πυρός) ᾂδουσιν ὡς ᾠδὴν καινήν they were singing, as it were, a new song Rv 14:3. ἤκουσα ὡς φωνήν I heard what sounded like a shout 19:1, 6abc; cp. 6:1.
    β. as adjective, pred. (mostly εἶναι, γίνεσθαι ὡς; the latter also in rendering of ךְּ to express the basic reality of something: GDelling, Jüd. Lehre u. Frömmigkeit ’67, p. 58, on ParJer 9:7) ἐὰν μὴ γένησθε ὡς τὰ παιδία if you do not become child-like Mt 18:3. ὡς ἄγγελοί εἰσιν they are similar to angels 22:30. πᾶσα σὰρξ ὡς χόρτος 1 Pt 1:24. Cp. Mk 6:34; 12:25; Lk 22:26ab; Ro 9:27 (Is 10:22); 29a (Is 1:9a); 1 Cor 4:13; 7:7f, 29–31; 9:20f; 2 Pt 3:8ab (Ps 89:4); Rv 6:12ab al. (cp. GrBar 14:1 ἐγένετο φωνὴ ὡς βροντή). Sim. also ποίησόν με ὡς ἕνα τῶν μισθίων σου treat me like one of your day laborers Lk 15:19.—The adj. or adjectival expr. for which this form stands may be used as an attribute πίστιν ὡς κόκκον σινάπεως faith like a mustard seed=faith no greater than a tiny mustard seed Mt 17:20; Lk 17:6. προφήτης ὡς εἷς τῶν προφητῶν Mk 6:15. Cp. Ac 3:22; 7:37 (both Dt 18:15); 10:11; 11:5. ἐγένετο ὡς εἷς τῶν φευγόντων AcPl Ha 5, 18. ἀρνίον ὡς ἐσφαγμένον a lamb that appeared to have been slaughtered Rv 5:6.—In expressions like τρίχας ὡς τρίχας γυναικῶν 9:8a the second τρίχας can be omitted as self-evident (Ps 54:7 v.l.): ἡ φωνὴ ὡς σάλπιγγος 4:1; cp. 1:10; 9:8b; 13:2a; 14:2c; 16:3.
    ⓓ other noteworthy uses
    α. ὡς as can introduce an example ὡς καὶ Ἠλίας ἐποίησεν Lk 9:54 v.l.; cp. 1 Pt 3:6; or, in the combination ὡς γέγραπται, a scripture quotation Mk 1:2 v.l.; 7:6; Lk 3:4; Ac 13:33; cp. Ro 9:25; or even an authoritative human opinion Ac 17:28; 22:5; 25:10; or any other decisive reason Mt 5:48; 6:12 (ὡς καί).
    β. ὡς introduces short clauses: ὡς εἰώθει as his custom was Mk 10:1. Cp. Hs 5, 1, 2. ὡς λογίζομαι as I think 1 Pt 5:12. ὡς ἐνομίζετο as was supposed Lk 3:23 (Diog. L. 3, 2 ὡς Ἀθήνησιν ἦν λόγος [about Plato’s origin]; TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 32 [Stone p. 12] ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ; Just., A I, 6, 2 ὡς ἐδιδάχθημεν). ὡς ἦν as he was Mk 4:36. ὡς ἔφην Papias (2:15) (ApcMos 42; cp. Just., A I, 21, 6 ὡς προέφημεν).
    γ. The expr. οὕτως ἐστὶν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ ὡς ἄνθρωπος βάλῃ τὸν σπόρον Mk 4:26 may well exhibit colloquial syntax; but some think that ἄν (so one v.l. [=ἐάν, which is read by many mss.]) once stood before ἄνθρωπος and was lost inadvertently. S. the comm., e.g. EKlostermann, Hdb. z. NT4 ’50 ad loc.; s. also Jülicher, Gleichn. 539; B-D-F §380, 4; Mlt. 185 w. notes; Rdm.2 154; Rob. 928; 968.
    ③ marker introducing the perspective from which a pers., thing, or activity is viewed or understood as to character, function, or role, as
    ⓐ w. focus on quality, circumstance, or role
    α. as (JosAs 26:7 ἔγνω … Λευὶς … ταῦτα πάντα ὡς προφήτης; Just., A I, 7, 4 ἵνα ὡς ἄδικος κολάζηται) τί ἔτι κἀγὼ ὡς ἁμαρτωλὸς κρίνομαι; why am I still being condemned as a sinner? Ro 3:7. ὡς σοφὸς ἀρχιτέκτων 1 Cor 3:10. ὡς ἀρτιγέννητα βρέφη as newborn children (in reference to desire for maternal milk) 1 Pt 2:2. μή τις ὑμῶν πασχέτω ὡς φονεύς 4:15a; cp. b, 16.—1:14; 1 Cor 7:25; 2 Cor 6:4; Eph 5:1; Col 3:12; 1 Th 2:4, 7a.—In the oblique cases, genitive (ApcSed 16:2 ὡς νέου αὐτοῦ ἐπαράβλεπον τὰ πταίσματα αὐτοῦ; Just., A I, 14, 4 ὑμέτερον ἔστω ὡς δυνατῶν βασιλέων): τιμίῳ αἵματι ὡς ἀμνοῦ ἀμώμου Χριστοῦ with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish 1 Pt 1:19. δόξαν ὡς μονογενοῦς παρὰ πατρός glory as of an only-begotten son, coming from the Father J 1:14. Cp. Hb 12:27. Dative (Ath. 14, 2 θύουσιν ὡς θεοῖς; 28, 3 πιστεύειν ὡς μυθοποιῷ; Stephan. Byz. s.v. Κυνόσαργες: Ἡρακλεῖ ὡς θεῷ θύων): λαλῆσαι ὑμῖν ὡς πνευματικοῖς 1 Cor 3:1a; cp. bc; 10:15; 2 Cor 6:13; Hb 12:5; 1 Pt 2:13f; 3:7ab; 2 Pt 1:19. Accusative (JosAs 22:8 ἠγάπα αὐτὸν ὡς ἄνδρα προφήτην; Just., A I, 4, 4 τὸ ὄνομα ὡς ἔλεγχον λαμβάνετε; Tat. 27, 1 ὡς ἀθεωτάτους ἡμᾶς ἐκκηρύσσετε; Ath. 16, 4 οὐ προσκυνῶ αὐτὰ ὡς θεοὺς): οὐχ ὡς θεὸν ἐδόξασαν Ro 1:21; 1 Cor 4:14; 8:7; Tit 1:7; Phlm 16; Hb 6:19; 11:9. παρακαλῶ ὡς παροίκους καὶ παρεπιδήμους 1 Pt 2:11 (from the perspective of their conversion experience the recipients of the letter are compared to temporary residents and disenfranchised foreigners, cp. the imagery 1 Pt 1:19 above and s. παρεπίδημος and πάροικος 2).—This is prob. also the place for ὸ̔ ἐὰν ποιῆτε, ἐργάζεσθε ὡς τῷ κυρίῳ whatever you have to do, do it as work for the Lord Col 3:23. Cp. Eph 5:22. εἴ τις λαλεῖ ὡς λόγια θεοῦ if anyone preaches, (let the pers. do so) as if (engaged in proclaiming the) words of God 1 Pt 4:11a; cp. ibid. b; 2 Cor 2:17bc; Eph 6:5, 7.
    β. ὡς w. ptc. gives the reason for an action as one who, because (X., Cyr. 7, 5, 13 κατεγέλων τῆς πολιορκίας ὡς ἔχοντες τὰ ἐπιτήδεια; Appian, Liby. 56 §244 μέμφεσθαι τοῖς θεοῖς ὡς ἐπιβουλεύουσι=as being hostile; Polyaenus 2, 1, 1; 3, 10, 3 ὡς ἔχων=just as if he had; TestAbr B 8 p. 112, 17 [Stone p. 72] ὡς αὐτῷ ὄντι φίλῳ μου (do it for) him [Abraham] as a friend of mine; TestJob 17:5 καθʼ ἡμῶν ὡς τυραννούντων against us as though we were tyrants; ApcMos 23 ὡς νομίζοντες on the assumption that (we would not be discovered); Jos., Ant. 1, 251; Ath. 16, 1 ὁ δὲ κόσμος οὐχ ὡς δεομένου τοῦ θεοῦ γέγονεν; SIG 1168, 35); Paul says: I appealed to the Emperor οὐχ ὡς τοῦ ἔθνους μου ἔχων τι κατηγορεῖν not that I had any charge to bring against my (own) people Ac 28:19 (PCairZen 44, 23 [257 B.C.] οὐχ ὡς μενῶν=not as if it were my purpose to remain there). ὡς foll. by the gen. abs. ὡς τὰ πάντα ἡμῖν τῆς θείας δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ δεδωρημένης because his divine power has granted us everything 2 Pt 1:3. Cp. Dg. 5:16.—Only in isolated instances does ὡς show causal force when used w. a finite verb for, seeing that (PLeid 16, 1, 20; Lucian, Dial. Mort. 17, 2, end, Vit. Auct. 25; Aesop, Fab. 109 P.=148 H.; 111 H-H.: ὡς εὐθέως ἐξελεύσομαι=because; Tetrast. Iamb. 1, 6, 3; Nicetas Eugen. 6, 131 H. Cp. Herodas 10, 3: ὡς=because [with the copula ‘is’ to be supplied]) Mt 6:12 (ὡς καί as Mk 7:37 v.l.; TestDan 3:1 v.l.; the parallel Lk 11:4 has γάρ). AcPlCor 1:6 ὡς οὖν ὁ κύριος ἠλέησεν ἡμᾶς inasmuch as the Lord has shown us mercy (by permitting us). So, more oft., καθώς (q.v. 3).
    γ. ὡς before the predicate acc. or nom. w. certain verbs functions pleonastically and further contributes to the aspect of perspective ὡς προφήτην ἔχουσιν τὸν Ἰωάννην Mt 21:26. Cp. Lk 16:1. λογίζεσθαί τινα ὡς foll. by acc. look upon someone as 1 Cor 4:1; 2 Cor 10:2 (for this pass. s. also c below). Cp. 2 Th 3:15ab; Phil 2:7; Js 2:9.
    ⓑ w. focus on a conclusion existing only in someone’s imagination or based solely on someone’s assertion (PsSol 8:30; Jos., Bell. 3, 346; Just., A I, 27, 5; Mel., P. 58, 422) προσηνέγκατέ μοι τὸν ἄνθρωπον τοῦτον ὡς ἀποστρέφοντα τὸν λαόν, καὶ ἰδοὺ … you have brought this fellow before me as one who (as you claim) is misleading the people, and now … Lk 23:14. τί καυχᾶσαι ὡς μὴ λαβών; why do you boast, as though you (as you think) had not received? 1 Cor 4:7. Cp. Ac 3:12; 23:15, 20; 27:30. ὡς μὴ ἐρχομένου μου as though I were not coming (acc. to their mistaken idea) 1 Cor 4:18. ὡς μελλούσης τῆς πόλεως αἴρεσθαι assuming that the city was being destroyed AcPl Ha 5, 16.
    ⓒ w. focus on what is objectively false or erroneous ἐπιστολὴ ὡς διʼ ἡμῶν a letter (falsely) alleged to be from us 2 Th 2:2a (Diod S 33, 5, 5 ἔπεμψαν ὡς παρὰ τῶν πρεσβευτῶν ἐπιστολήν they sent a letter which purported to come from the emissaries; Diog. L. 10:3 falsified ἐπιστολαὶ ὡς Ἐπικούρου; Just., A, II, 5, 5 ὡς ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ σπορᾷ γενομένους υἱούς). τοὺς λογιζομένους ἡμᾶς ὡς κατὰ σάρκα περιπατοῦντας 2 Cor 10:2 (s. also aγ above). Cp. 11:17; 13:7. Israel wishes to become righteous οὐκ ἐκ πίστεως ἀλλʼ ὡς ἐξ ἔργων not through faith but through deeds (the latter way being objectively wrong) Ro 9:32 (Rdm.2 26f). ὡς ἐκ παραδόσεως ἀγράφου εἰς αὐτὸν ἥκοντα (other matters he recounts) as having reached him through unwritten tradition (Eus. about Papias) Papias (2:11).
    ④ conj., marker of result in connection with indication of purpose=ὥστε so that (Trag., Hdt.+, though nearly always w. the inf.; so also POxy 1040, 11; PFlor 370, 10; Wsd 5:12; TestJob 39:7; ApcMos 38; Jos., Ant. 12, 229; Just., A I, 56, 2; Tat. 12, 2. W. the indic. X., Cyr. 5, 4, 11 οὕτω μοι ἐβοήθησας ὡς σέσῳσμαι; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 8, 7 p. 324, 25f; Jos., Bell. 3, 343; Ath. 15, 3; 22, 2) Hb 3:11; 4:3 (both Ps 94:11). ὡς αὐτὸν καθόλου τὸ φῶς μὴ βλέπειν Papias (3:2) (s. φῶς 1a). ὡς πάντας ἄχθεσθαι (s. ἄχθομαι) AcPl Ha 4, 14. ὡς πάντας … ἀγαλλιᾶσθαι 6, 31 al.
    ⑤ marker of discourse content, that, the fact that after verbs of knowing, saying (even introducing direct discourse: Maximus Tyr. 5:4f), hearing, etc.=ὅτι that (X., An. 1, 3, 5; Menand., Sam. 590 S. [245 Kö.]; Aeneas Tact. 402; 1342; PTebt 10, 6 [119 B.C.]; 1 Km 13:11; EpArist; Philo, Op. M. 9; Jos., Ant. 7, 39; 9, 162; 15, 249 al.; Just., A I, 60, 2; Tat. 39, 2; 41, 1; Ath. 30, 4.—ORiemann, RevPhilol n.s. 6, 1882, 73–75; HKallenberg, RhM n.s. 68, 1913, 465–76; B-D-F §396) ἀναγινώσκειν Mk 12:26 v.l. (for πῶς); Lk 6:4 (w. πῶς as v.l.). μνησθῆναι Lk 24:6 (D ὅσα); cp. 22:61 (=Lat. quomodo, as in ms. c of the Old Itala; cp. Plautus, Poen. 3, 1, 54–56). ἐπίστασθαι (Jos., Ant. 7, 372) Ac 10:28; 20:18b v.l. (for πῶς). εἰδέναι (MAI 37, 1912, 183 [= Kl. T. 110, 81, 10] ἴστε ὡς [131/132 A.D.]) 1 Th 2:11a. μάρτυς ὡς Ro 1:9; Phil 1:8; 1 Th 2:10.—ὡς ὅτι s. ὅτι 5b.
    ⑥ w. numerals, a degree that approximates a point on a scale of extent, about, approximately, nearly (Hdt., Thu. et al.; PAmh 72, 12; PTebt 381, 4 [VSchuman, ClW 28, ’34/35, 95f: pap]; Jos., Ant. 6, 95; Ruth 1:4; 1 Km 14:2; TestJob 31:2; JosAs 1:6) ὡς δισχίλιοι Mk 5:13. Cp. 8:9; Lk 1:56; 8:42; J 1:39; 4:6; 6:10, 19; 19:14, 39; 21:8; Ac 4:4; 5:7, 36; 13:18, 20; 27:37 v.l. (Hemer, Acts 149 n. 140); Rv 8:1.
    ⑦ a relatively high point on a scale involving exclamation, how! (X., Cyr. 1, 3, 2 ὦ μῆτερ, ὡς καλός μοι ὁ πάππος! Himerius, Or. 54 [=Or. 15], 1 ὡς ἡδύ μοι τὸ θέατρον=how pleasant … ! Ps 8:2; 72:1; TestJob 7:12) ὡς ὡραῖοι οἱ πόδες τῶν εὐαγγελιζομένων ἀγαθά Ro 10:15 (cp. Is 52:7). Cp. 11:33. ὡς μεγάλη μοι ἡ σήμερον ἡμέρα GJs 19:2.
    ⑧ temporal conjunction (B-D-F §455, 2; 3; Harnack, SBBerlAk 1908, 392).
    ⓐ w. the aor. when, after (Hom., Hdt. et al.; Diod S 14, 80, 1; pap [POxy 1489, 4 al.]; LXX; TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 6 [Stone p. 62]; JosAs 3:2; ParJer 3:1; ApcMos 22; Jos., Bell. 1, 445b; Just., D. 2, 4; 3, 1) ὡς ἐπλήσθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι Lk 1:23. ὡς ἐγεύσατο ὁ ἀρχιτρίκλινος J 2:9.—Lk 1:41, 44; 2:15, 39; 4:25; 5:4; 7:12; 15:25; 19:5; 22:66; 23:26; J 4:1, 40; 6:12, 16; 7:10; 11:6, 20, 29, 32f; 18:6; 19:33; 21:9; Ac 5:24; 10:7, 25; 13:29; 14:5; 16:10, 15; 17:13; 18:5; 19:21; 21:1, 12; 22:25; 27:1, 27; 28:4. AcPl Ha 3, 20.
    ⓑ w. pres. or impf. while, when, as long as (Menand., Fgm. 538, 2 K. ὡς ὁδοιπορεῖς; Cyrill. Scyth. [VI A.D.] ed. ESchwartz ’39 p. 143, 1; 207, 22 ὡς ἔτι εἰμί=as long as I live) ὡς ὑπάγεις μετὰ τοῦ ἀντιδίκου σου while you are going with your opponent Lk 12:58. ὡς ἐλάλει ἡμῖν, ὡς διήνοιγεν ἡμῖν τὰς γραφάς while he was talking, while he was opening the scriptures to us 24:32.—J 2:23; 8:7; 12:35f ( as long as; cp. ἕως 2a); Ac 1:10; 7:23; 9:23; 10:17; 13:25; 19:9; 21:27; 25:14; Gal 6:10 ( as long as); 2 Cl 8:1; 9:7; IRo 2:2; ISm 9:1 (all four as long as).—ὡς w. impf., and in the next clause the aor. ind. w. the same subject (Diod S 15, 45, 4 ὡς ἐθεώρουν …, συνεστήσαντο ‘when [or ‘as soon as’] they noticed …, they put together [a fleet]’; SIG 1169, 58 ὡς ἐνεκάθευδε, εἶδε ‘while he was sleeping [or ‘when he went to sleep’] [in the temple] he saw [a dream or vision]’) Mt 28:9 v.l.; J 20:11; Ac 8:36; 16:4; 22:11.— Since (Soph., Oed. R. 115; Thu. 4, 90, 3) ὡς τοῦτο γέγονεν Mk 9:21.
    ⓒ ὡς ἄν or ὡς ἐάν w. subjunctive of the time of an event in the future when, as soon as.
    α. ὡς ἄν (Hyperid. 2, 43, 4; Herodas 5, 50; Lucian, Cronosolon 11; PHib 59, 1 [c. 245 B.C.] ὡς ἂν λάβῃς; UPZ 71, 18 [152 B.C.]; PTebt 26, 2. Cp. Witkowski 87; Gen 12:12; Josh 2:14; Is 8:21; Da 3:15 Theod.; Ath. 31, 3 [ἐάν Schwartz]) Ro 15:24; 1 Cor 11:34; Phil 2:23.
    β. ὡς ἐάν (PFay 111, 16 [95/96 A.D.] ὡς ἐὰν βλέπῃς) 1 Cl 12:5f; Hv 3, 8, 9; 3, 13, 2.
    ⓓ w. the superlative ὡς τάχιστα (a bookish usage; s. B-D-F §244, 1; Rob. 669) as quickly as possible Ac 17:15 (s. ταχέως 1c).
    ⑨ a final particle, expressing intention/purpose, with a view to, in order to
    ⓐ w. subjunctive (Hom.+; TestAbr A 4 p. 80, 33 [Stone p. 8]; SibOr 3, 130; Synes., Hymni 3, 44 [NTerzaghi ’39]) ὡς τελειώσω in order that I might finish Ac 20:24 v.l. (s. Mlt. 249).
    ⓑ w. inf. (X.; Arrian [very oft.: ABoehner, De Arriani dicendi genere, diss. Erlangen 1885 p. 56]; PGen 28, 12 [II A.D.]; ZPE 8, ’71, 177: letter of M. Ant. 57, cp. 44–46; 3 Macc 1:2; Joseph.; cp. the use of the opt. Just., D. 2, 3) Lk 9:52. ὡς τελειῶσαι Ac 20:24. ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν Hb 7:9 (s. ἔπος).
    ⓒ used w. prepositions to indicate the direction intended (Soph., Thu., X. [Kühner-G. I 472 note 1]; Polyb. 1, 29, 1; LRadermacher, Philol 60, 1901, 495f) πορεύεσθαι ὡς ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν Ac 17:14 v.l.—WStählin, Symbolon, ’58, 99–104. S. also ὡσάν, ὡσαύτως, ὡσεί 2, ὥσπερ b, ὡσπερεί, ὥστε 2b. DELG. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὡς

  • 106 Reden

    I v/i
    1. (sprechen) speak ( mit to, with); (sich unterhalten) talk (to, with); (plaudern) chat (to, with); reden über (+Akk) talk about; stundenlang / ununterbrochen reden talk for hours / incessantly; sie redet zu laut / leise she speaks too loudly / softly; reden wir nicht mehr darüber let’s forget it; man redet davon, dass... there is talk that...; man redet von über 50 Toten there is talk of over 50 dead, a death toll of over 50 has been mentioned; darüber lässt sich reden it’s a possibility; im Schlaf reden talk in one’s sleep; er hat kein Wort geredet he didn’t say a word, he didn’t open his mouth once; rede doch ( endlich)! say something!; mit sich selbst oder vor sich hin reden talk to o.s.; mit den Händen reden gesticulate; von... gar nicht zu reden not to mention...; da wir gerade davon reden as we’re on the subject; er redet, wie er denkt he says (exactly) what he thinks; er redet anders, als er denkt what he says and what he thinks are two different things; du hast gut reden it’s all very well for you to talk, you can talk; wir reden später we’ll talk about it later; da redet man ja gegen eine Wand it’s like talking to a brick wall
    2. (eine Rede halten) speak; gut reden können be a good speaker; er hört sich gern reden he likes the sound of his own voice
    3. (erörtern) discuss; über Politik reden talk politics; über Gott und die Welt reden talk about everything under the sun
    4. (klatschen) talk; lass die Leute reden let people talk; man redet über sie people are talking about her; im Büro wird viel geredet there’s a lot of gossip in the office; er redet zu viel he is a talker
    5. reden mit (kommunizieren) speak ( oder talk) to; sie reden nicht miteinander they’re not speaking ( oder talking) to each other, they’re not on speaking terms; mit sich reden lassen be willing to listen ( oder discuss things); bei Geschäft: be open to offers; sie lässt nicht mit sich reden she won’t listen (to anyone); so lasse ich nicht mit mir reden I won’t be spoken to like that; unter... lassen wir gar nicht mit uns reden under..., we’re not interested; er weigert sich, mit uns zu reden he refuses to talk to us; ich habe mit dir zu reden I’d like a word with you; kannst du mal mit ihm reden? can you have a word with him?
    6. von sich reden machen (bekannt werden) get talked about; er macht als Rennfahrer von sich reden he’s made a name for himself as a racing driver (Am. racecar driver); neulich hat er mit einem Film von sich reden gemacht he recently got into the news with a film (Am. auch movie)
    7. umg. (verraten) talk; irgendjemand hat geredet someone has talked; du sollst reden! talk, damn you!; rede, sonst geht es dir schlecht! talk or you’re in for it!; hat sie geredet? did she talk?
    II v/t speak, say; kein Wort reden not speak ( oder say) a word; viel reden talk a lot; er redet lauter Unsinn he talks nothing but rubbish (Am. nonsense); red keinen Quatsch! umg. stop talking rubbish (Am. nonsense)!; was redest du da? what are you going on about?; was du wieder redest! there you go again!
    III v/refl sich heiser reden talk oneself hoarse; er redete sich in Zorn he went on and on until he got really angry; siehe auch sprechen
    * * *
    to speak; to say; to talk
    * * *
    re|den ['reːdn]
    1. vi
    1) (= sprechen) to talk, to speak

    Reden während des Unterrichts — talking in class

    mit sich selbst/jdm réden — to talk or speak to oneself/sb

    wie red(e)st du denn mit deiner Mutter! — that's no way to talk or speak to your mother

    so lasse ich nicht mit mir réden! — I won't be spoken to like that!

    mit jdm über jdn/etw réden — to talk or speak to or with sb about sb/sth

    réden wir nicht mehr davon or darüber — let's not talk or speak about it any more, let's drop it (inf)

    réden Sie doch nicht! (inf) — come off it! (inf)

    (viel) von sich réden machen — to become (very much) a talking point

    das Buch/er macht viel von sich réden — everyone is talking about the book/him

    du hast gut or leicht réden! — it's all very well for you (to talk)

    ich habe mit Ihnen zu réden! — I would like to speak or talk to you, I would like a word with you

    darüber lässt or ließe sich réden — that's a possibility; (über Preis, Bedingungen) I think we could discuss that

    darüber lässt or ließe sich eher réden — that's more like it, now you're talking

    er lässt mit sich réden — he could be persuaded; (in Bezug auf Preis) he's open to offers

    sie lässt nicht mit sich réden — she is adamant; (bei eigenen Forderungen auch) she won't take no for an answer

    Reden ist Silber, Schweigen ist Gold (Prov) — (speech is silver but) silence is golden (Prov)

    See:
    2) (= klatschen) to talk (
    über +acc about)

    schlecht von jdm réden — to talk or speak ill of sb

    3) (= eine Rede halten) to speak

    er redet nicht gern[e] öffentlich — he doesn't like public speaking

    er kann gut réden — he is a good speaker

    frei réden — to speak extempore, to speak without notes

    4) (euph = gestehen, aussagen) to talk

    jdn zum Reden bringen — to get sb to talk, to make sb talk

    er will nicht réden — he won't talk

    2. vt
    1) (= sagen) to talk; Worte to say

    einige Worte réden — to say a few words

    kein Wort réden — not to say or speak a word

    etw von der Seele or vom Herzen réden — to get sth off one's chest

    2) (= klatschen) to say

    es kann dir doch nicht egal sein, was über dich geredet wird — it must matter to you what people say about you

    Schlechtes von jdm or über jdn réden — to say bad things about sb

    damit die Leute wieder was zu réden haben — so that people have something to talk about again

    3. vr

    sich heiser réden — to talk oneself hoarse

    sich in Zorn or Wut réden — to talk oneself into a fury

    * * *
    1) ((often with to or (American) with) to talk or converse: Can I speak to/with you for a moment?; We spoke for hours about it.) speak
    2) (to speak; to have a conversation or discussion: We talked about it for hours; My parrot can talk (= imitate human speech).) talk
    * * *
    re·den
    [ˈre:dn̩]
    I. vi
    1. (sprechen) to talk, to speak
    ▪ mit jdm [über jdn/etw] \reden to talk to sb [about sb/sth]
    über manche Themen wurde zu Hause nie geredet some topics were never discussed at home
    wie redest du denn mit deinem Vater! that's no way to talk to [or speak with] your father
    er hat geredet und geredet he talked and talked
    genug geredet! enough talk[ing]
    mit ihr kann man nicht \reden you just can't talk to her
    darüber wird noch zu \reden sein we shall have to come back to that
    sie lässt mich nie zu Ende \reden she never lets me finish what I'm saying
    \reden während des Unterrichts talking in class
    \reden wir nicht mehr davon [o darüber] let's not talk [or speak] about it any more
    \reden Sie doch nicht! come off it! fam
    was gibt es da groß zu \reden? so what?
    so nicht mit sich dat \reden lassen to not let oneself be talked [or spoken] to in such a way [or like that]
    so lasse ich nicht mit mir \reden! I won't be spoken to like that!
    mit jdm zu \reden haben to need to speak to sb
    die Chefin hat mit dir zu \reden the boss would like to have a word with you
    miteinander \reden to have a talk [with one another]
    sie \reden nicht mehr miteinander they are no longer on speaking terms
    mit sich dat selbst \reden to talk to oneself; s.a. Wand
    2. (Gerüchte verbreiten)
    ▪ über jdn/etw \reden to talk about sb/sth
    ▪ es wird [über jdn/etw] geredet there is talk [about sb/sth]
    es wird bereits über dich geredet you are already being talked about
    schlecht von jdm \reden to talk [or speak] ill of sb
    3. (eine Rede halten)
    ▪ über etw akk \reden to speak about [or on] sth
    ich rede nicht gerne öffentlich I don't like public speaking
    wer redet morgen Abend? who is to speak tomorrow evening?
    gut \reden können to be a good speaker
    ▪ über etw akk \reden to discuss [or talk about] sth
    über etw akk lässt sich \reden we can discuss sth
    darüber lässt sich \reden that's a possibility, we can certainly discuss that
    darüber ließe sich eher \reden that's more like it
    mit sich dat [über etw akk] \reden lassen (gesprächsbereit sein) to be willing to discuss [sth]; (kompromissbereit sein) to be open to persuasion; (in Bezug auf Angebote, Preis) to be open to offers
    nicht mit sich dat [über etw akk] \reden lassen to be adamant [about sth]
    sie lässt nicht mit sich \reden she is adamant; (bei eigenen Ansprüchen a.) she won't take no for an answer
    5. (sl: etw verraten, gestehen) to talk, to come clean fam
    sie will nicht \reden she won't talk
    nun red schon, was hat er gesagt? come on, spill the beans, what did he say? fam
    jdn zum R\reden bringen to make sb talk
    6.
    ▶ du hast gut [o leicht] \reden it's easy [or all very well] for you to talk
    ▶ [viel] von sich dat \reden machen to be[come] [very much] a talking point
    sie macht zurzeit viel von sich \reden everyone is talking about her at the moment
    der Film, der so viel von sich \reden macht, hält nicht, was er verspricht the film which everyone is talking about doesn't live up to expectations
    ▶ [das ist ja] mein R\reden (fam) that's what I've been saying
    ▶ nicht zu \reden von... not to mention...
    ▶ viel R\redens von etw dat machen to make a great to-do about sth
    II. vt
    1. (sagen)
    ▪ etw \reden to say sth
    ich möchte gerne hören, was ihr redet I'd like to hear what you're saying
    etw zu \reden haben to have sth to talk about
    viel/wenig \reden to talk a lot/not talk much
    es wird immer viel geredet there is always a lot of talk
    Unsinn [o Blödsinn] \reden to talk nonsense
    kein Wort \reden to not say [or speak] a word
    einige Worte \reden to say a few words; s.a. Seele, Wort
    ▪ etw [über jdn/etw] \reden to say sth [about sb/sth]
    damit die Leute wieder etwas zu \reden haben so that people have something to talk about again
    ▪ es wird [über jdn/etw] geredet:
    in so einem Dorf wird natürlich viel geredet in a village like that naturally people talk a lot
    es wird schon über uns geredet we're being talked about
    es kann dir doch egal sein, was über dich geredet wird it should not matter to you what people say about you
    3.
    ▶ jdn besoffen \reden (sl) to drive sb round the bend with one's chattering fam
    III. vr (sich durch Reden in einen Zustand steigern)
    ▪ sich akk in etw akk \reden to talk oneself into sth
    sich akk in Begeisterung \reden to get carried away with what one is saying
    sich akk heiser \reden to talk oneself hoarse
    sich akk in Rage/Wut \reden to talk oneself into a rage/fury
    * * *
    1.
    transitives Verb talk

    kein Wort reden — not say or speak a word

    2.
    1) (sprechen) talk; speak

    viel/wenig reden — talk a lot (coll.) /not talk much

    er lässt mich nicht zu Ende reden — he doesn't let me finish what I'm saying; s. auch gut 2. 2)

    mit jemandem/über jemanden reden — talk to/about somebody

    miteinander reden — have a talk [with one another]

    mit sich reden lassen — (bei Geschäften) be open to offers; (bei Meinungsverschiedenheiten) be willing to discuss the matter

    3.

    sich heiser/in Wut reden — talk oneself hoarse/into a rage

    * * *
    Reden n; -s, kein pl talking; talk;
    müde/heiser vom vielen Reden exhausted/hoarse from all this talking;
    mir fällt das Reden schwer I find it difficult to talk about it;
    mit dem Reden tut er sich nicht schwer he has no problems ( oder inhibitions about) talking;
    all mein Reden war umsonst I might as well have been talking to a brick wall;
    Reden ist Silber, Schweigen ist Gold sprichw (speech is silvern,) silence is golden
    * * *
    1.
    transitives Verb talk

    kein Wort reden — not say or speak a word

    2.
    1) (sprechen) talk; speak

    viel/wenig reden — talk a lot (coll.) /not talk much

    2) (sich äußern, eine Rede halten) speak

    er lässt mich nicht zu Ende reden — he doesn't let me finish what I'm saying; s. auch gut 2. 2)

    mit jemandem/über jemanden reden — talk to/about somebody

    miteinander reden — have a talk [with one another]

    mit sich reden lassen — (bei Geschäften) be open to offers; (bei Meinungsverschiedenheiten) be willing to discuss the matter

    3.

    sich heiser/in Wut reden — talk oneself hoarse/into a rage

    * * *
    (zu) v.
    to talk (to) v. (über, von) v.
    to speak (about) v. v.
    to discourse v.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Reden

  • 107 ὅς

    ὅς, ἥ, ὅ
    ① as relative pron. who, which, what, that (Hom.+). On its use s. B-D-F §293–97; 377–80; Rydbeck 98–118; W-S. §24; Rob. 711–26, and for ancient Gk. in gener. Kühner-G. II 399ff; Schwyzer II 639–41.
    ⓐ As a general rule, the relative pron. agrees in gender and number w. the noun or pron. to which it refers (i.e. its antecedent); its case is determined by the verb, noun, or prep. that governs it: ὁ ἀστήρ, ὸ̔ν εἶδον Mt 2:9. ὁ Ἰησοῦς, ὅν ἐγὼ καταγγέλλω ὑμῖν Ac 17:3. Ἰουδαῖον, ᾧ (sc. ἦν) ὄνομα Βαριησοῦς 13:6. ὁ Ἰουδαῖος …, οὗ ὁ ἔπαινος Ro 2:29. Ἰσραηλίτης, ἐν ᾧ δόλος οὐκ ἔστιν J 1:47. οὗτος, περὶ οὗ ἀκούω τοιαῦτα Lk 9:9 and very oft.
    ⓑ A demonstrative pron. is freq. concealed within the relative pron.:
    α. in such a way that both pronouns stand in the same case: ὅς the one who ὅς οὐ λαμβάνει Mt 10:38; sim. Mk 4:9; 9:40 (the three w. implied condition). οὗ of the one whose J 18:26. ᾧ to the one to whom Ro 6:16. ὅν the one whom (or someth. sim.) Mk 15:12; J 1:45. οἷς to those for whom Mt 20:23. οὕς those whom Mk 3:13; J 5:21. ὅ that which, what Mt 10:27.—A prep. governing the relative belongs in certain pass. to the (omitted) demonstr. pron. alone: παρʼ ὅ Ro 12:3; Gal 1:8; ὑπὲρ ὅ (ἅ) 1 Cor 10:13; 2 Cor 12:6; Phlm 21; πρὸς ἅ 2 Cor 5:10; εἰς ὅν J 6:29. In others it must be added to both pronouns: ἐν ᾧ in that in which 2 Cor 11:12; 1 Pt 2:12; 3:16 (these passages in 1 Pt may be classed under 1kγ also). ἐν οἷς Phil 4:11. ὑπὲρ οὑ because of that for which 1 Cor 10:30. ἀφʼ ὧν from the persons from whom 2 Cor 2:3.—The much disputed pass. ἑταῖρε, ἐφʼ ὸ̔ πάρει Mt 26:50 would belong here if we were to supply the words necessary to make it read about as follows: friend, (are you misusing the kiss) for that (purpose) for which you are here? (Wlh.; EKlostermann) or thus: in connection with that (=the purposes), for which (=for the realization of which) you have appeared (do you kiss me)? (Rdm.2 78). Friend, are you here for this purpose? FRehkopf, ZNW 52, ’61, 109–15. But s. βב and iβ below.
    β. But the two pronouns can also stand in different cases; in such instances the demonstr. pron. is nearly always in the nom. or acc.
    א. in the nom. οὗ one whose Ac 13:25. ὧν those whose Ro 4:7 (Ps 31:1). ᾧ the one to or for whom Lk 7:43; 2 Pt 1:9. οἷς those to whom Mt 19:11; Ro 15:21 (Is 52:15). ὅ that (nom.) which (acc.) Mt 13:12; 25:29; 26:13; Mk 11:23; Lk 12:3. Likew. ἅ Lk 12:20. ὅν he whom J 3:34; 4:18; Ac 10:21. ἐφʼ ὅν the one about whom Hb 7:13.
    ב. in the acc. ὧν the things of which J 13:29. ᾧ the one (in) whom 2 Ti 1:12. So also w. a prep.: ἐν ᾧ anything by which Ro 14:21. ἐν οἷς things in which 2 Pt 2:12. ἐφʼ ὅ that upon which Lk 5:25. περὶ ὧν the things of which Ac 24:13. ἐφʼ οἷς from the things of which Ro 6:21 (this passage perh. uses a commercial metaphor, for pap s. Mayser II/2, 434f §121). εἰς ὸ̔ν the one in whom Ro 10:14a.—So Mt 26:50 (s. bα above), if the words to be supplied are about as follows: friend, (do that) for which you have come! (so ESchwartz, ByzZ 25, 1925, 154f; EOwen, JTS 29, 1928, 384–86; WSpiegelberg, ZNW 28, 1929, 341–43; FZorell, VD 9, 1929, 112–16; sim. PMaas, Byz.-Neugriech. Jahrb. 8, ’31, 99; 9, ’32, 64; WEltester: OCullmann Festschr., ’62, 70–91; but s. iβ end.—S. Jos., Bell. 2, 615 at πάρειμι 1a).
    ג. Only in isolated instances does the demonstr. pron. to be supplied stand in another case: οὗ = τούτῳ, οὗ in him of whom Ro 10:14b. παρʼ ὧν = τούτοις, παρʼ ὧν Lk 6:34.
    ⓒ Constructions peculiar in some respect
    α. The pleonastic use of the pers. pron. after ὅς (Mlt. 94f; B-D-F §297) γυνὴ ἧς εἶχεν τὸ θυγάτριον αὐτῆς Mk 7:25 is found in older Gk. (Hyperid., Euxen. 3 ὧν … τούτων.—Kühner-G. II 433f), and is not unknown in later Gk. (POxy 117, 15), but above all is suggested by Semitic languages (LXX; GrBar 2:1; Thackeray 46; JHudson, ET 53, ’41/42, 266f); the omission of αὐτῆς in the v.l. is in line w. Gk. usage. οὗ τὸ πτύον ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ Mt 3:12; Lk 3:17. οὗ … τῶν ὑποδημάτων αὐτοῦ Mk 1:7; Lk 3:16. οὗ τῷ μώλωπι αὐτοῦ 1 Pt 2:24 v.l. οὗ καὶ πολλὰ αὐτοῦ συγγράματα EpilMosq 2. In a quot. ἐφʼ οὓς ἐπικέκληται … ἐπʼ αὐτούς Ac 15:17 = Am 9:12. οὗ ἡ πνοὴ αὐτοῦ 1 Cl 21:9. Esp. freq. in Rv 3:8; 7:2, 9; 9:11 v.l.; 13:8, 12; 20:8.
    β. constructions ‘ad sensum’
    א. a relative in the sing. refers to someth. in the pl. οὐρανοῖς … ἐξ οὗ (οὐρανοῦ) Phil 3:20.
    ב. a relative in the pl. refers to a sing. (Jdth 4:8 γερουσία, οἵ) πλῆθος πολύ …, οἳ ἦλθον Lk 6:17f. κατὰ πόλιν πᾶσαν, ἐν αἷς Ac 15:36. Cp. ἤδη δευτέραν ἐπιστολήν, ἐν αἷς (i.e. ἐν ταῖς δυσὶν ἐπιστ.) 2 Pt 3:1.
    ג. the relative conforms to the natural gender rather than the grammatical gender of its antecedent noun τέκνα μου, οὕς Gal 4:19; cp. 2 J 1; Phlm 10. ἔθνη, οἵ Ac 15:17 (Am 9:12); cp. 26:17. παιδάριον, ὅς J 6:9. θηρίον, ὅς Rv 13:14. ὀνόματα, οἵ 3:4 v.l. γενεᾶς σκολιᾶς, ἐν οἷς Phil 2:15. W. ref. to Christ, τὴν κεφαλήν, ἐξ οὗ Col 2:19.
    ⓓ Attraction (or assimilation) of the relative. Just as in Hdt. and freq. Att., ins, pap, LXX, the simple relative ὅς, ἥ, ὅ is somet. attracted to the case of its antecedent, even though the relationship of the relative within its own clause would demand a different case.
    α. In most instances it is the acc. of the rel. that is attracted to the gen. or dat. of the antecedent: περὶ πράγματος οὗ ἐὰν αἰτήσωνται Mt 18:19. τῆς διαθήκης ἧς ὁ θεὸς διέθετο Ac 3:25. Cp. Mt 24:50b; Mk 7:13; Lk 2:20; 3:19; 5:9; 9:43; 15:16; J 4:14; 7:31; 15:20; 17:5; 21:10; Ac 1:1; 2:22; 22:10; 1 Cor 6:19; 2 Cor 1:6; 10:8, 13; Eph 2:10; 2 Th 1:4; Jd 15 al.—When the antecedent is an understood but unexpressed demonstr. pron. (s. b, beg.) that would stand in the gen. or dat., the acc. of a relative pron. can be attracted to this gen. or dat.: οὐδὲν ὧν ἑώρακαν is really οὐδὲν τούτων ἃ ἑώρακαν Lk 9:36 (Schwyzer II 641); ἅ takes on the case of τούτων which, in turn, is omitted (so already Soph., Pla., et al.).—23:14, 41; Ac 8:24; 21:19, 24; 22:15; 25:11; 26:16; Ro 15:18; 1 Cor 7:1; Eph 3:20; Hb 5:8. ὧν = τούτων, οὕς J 17:9; 2 Cor 12:17. οἷς = τούτοις, ἅ Lk 24:25.
    β. The dat. of the relative is less frequently attracted (B-D-F §294, 2; Rob. 717) ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ἧς (=ᾗ) ἀνελήμφθη Ac 1:22 (cp. Lev 23:15; 25:50; Bar 1:19); Eph 1:6; 4:1; 1 Ti 4:6 v.l.; κατέναντι οὗ ἐπίστευσεν θεοῦ = κατέν. τοῦ θεοῦ ᾧ ἐπίστ. Ro 4:17. διὰ τῆς παρακλήσεως ἧς παρακαλούμεθα 2 Cor 1:4.
    γ. In relative clauses that consist of subject, predicate, and copula, the relative pron. somet. agrees in gender and number not w. the noun to which it refers, but w. the predicate if it is the subj. and, conversely, w. the subj. if it is the pred. of its own clause: πνεύματι …, ὅς ἐστιν ἀρραβών Eph 1:14 v.l. τῷ σπέρματί σου, ὅς ἐστιν Χριστός Gal 3:16. τὴν μάχαιραν τοῦ πνεύματος, ὅ ἐστιν ῥῆμα θεοῦ Eph 6:17.—Rv 4:5; 5:8.
    δ. Inverse attraction occurs when the relative pronoun attracts its antecedent to its own case (as early as Hom.; also Soph., Oed. Rex 449; s. Kühner-G. II 413; Schwyzer II 641; B-D-F §295; Rob. 717f); τὸν ἄρτον ὸ̔ν κλῶμεν, οὐχὶ κοινωνία … ἐστιν; = ὁ ἄρτος ὅν … 1 Cor 10:16. λίθον, ὸ̔ν ἀπεδοκίμασαν … οὗτος ἐγενήθη (Ps 117:22) Mt 21:42; Mk 12:10; Lk 20:17; 1 Pt 2:7 v.l.—παντὶ ᾧ ἐδόθη πολύ, πολὺ ζητηθήσεται παρʼ αὐτοῦ Lk 12:48. ὅρκον, ὸ̔ν ὤμοσεν (=μνησθῆναι ὅρκου ὅν) 1:73 (s. W-S. §24, 7 note). τοὺς λίθους, οὓς εἶδες, ἀποβεβλημένους, οὗτοι … ἐφόρεσαν Hs 9, 13, 3. Cp. 1J 2:25.
    ε. Attraction can, as in earlier Gk. (Thu. 2, 70, 4), fail to take place when the relative clause is more distinctly separated fr. its antecedent by additional modifiers of the noun and by the importance attaching to the content of the relative clause itself (B-D-F §294, 1; Rob. 714f): τῆς σκηνῆς τῆς ἀληθινῆς, ἣν ἔπηξεν ὁ κύριος, οὐκ ἄνθρωπος Hb 8:2. But s. also Mk 13:19; J 2:22; 4:5; Ac 8:32; 1 Ti 4:3; Tit 1:2; Phlm 10; Hb 9:7; Rv 1:20.
    ⓔ The noun which is the antecedent of a relative clause can be incorporated into the latter
    α. without abbreviating the constr. and without attraction of the case: ᾗ οὐ δοκεῖτε ὥρᾳ = τῇ ὥρᾳ ᾗ οὐ δοκ. Mt 24:44; cp. Lk 12:40; 17:29, 30. ἃ ἡτοίμασαν ἀρώματα 24:1. ὸ̔ ἐποίησεν σημεῖον J 6:14. ὸ̔ θέλω ἀγαθόν Ro 7:19.
    β. w. abbreviation, in that a prep. normally used twice is used only once: ἐν ᾧ κρίματι κρίνετε κριθήσεσθε = ἐν τῷ κρίματι, ἐν ᾧ κρίνετε, κριθήσεσθε Mt 7:2a. Cp. vs. 2b; Mk 4:24. ἐν ᾧ ἦν τόπῳ = ἐν τῷ τόπῳ ἐν ᾧ ἦν J 11:6. καθʼ ὸ̔ν τρόπον = κατὰ τὸν τρόπον, καθʼ ὅν Ac 15:11.
    γ. w. a change in case, due mostly to attraction
    א. of the relative pron. περὶ πάντων ὧν ἐποίησεν πονηρῶν = περὶ πάντων πονηρῶν, ἃ ἐπ. Lk 3:19. περὶ πασῶν ὧν εἶδον δυνάμεων = περὶ πασῶν δυνάμεων, ἃς εἶδον 19:37. αἰτίαν … ὧν ἐγὼ ὑπενόουν πονηρῶν Ac 25:18.—The dat. of the relative is also attracted to other cases: ἄχρι ἧς ἡμέρας = ἄχρι τῆς ἡμέρας, ᾖ Mt 24:38; Lk 1:20; 17:27; Ac 1:2. ἀφʼ ἧς ἡμέρας Col 1:6, 9.
    ב. of the noun to which the rel. refers: ὸ̔ν ἐγὼ ἀπεκεφάλισα Ἰωάννην, οὗτος ἠγέρθη = Ἰωάννης ὸ̔ν κτλ. Mk 6:16 εἰς ὸ̔ν παρεδόθητε τύπον διδαχῆς = τῷ τύπῳ τῆς διδαχῆς εἰς ὸ̔ν παρεδόθητε Ro 6:17.
    δ. The analysis is doubtful in passages like περὶ ὧν κατηχήθης λόγων = περὶ τῶν λόγων οὓς κατηχήθης or τῶν λόγων, περὶ ὧν κατηχήθης Lk 1:4. ἄγοντες παρʼ ᾧ ξενισθῶμεν Μνάσωνι Ac 21:16 must acc. to the sense = ἄγοντες πρὸς Μνάσωνα, ἵνα ξενισθῶμεν παρʼ αὐτῷ. S. B-D-F §294, 5; Rob. 719.
    ⓕ The prep. can be omitted before the relative pron. if it has already been used before the antecedent noun: ἐν παντὶ χρόνῳ ᾧ (=ἐν ὧ.) Ac 1:21. εἰς τὸ ἔργον ὅ (=εἰς ὅ) 13:2. ἀπὸ πάντων ὧν (=ἀφʼ ὧν) vs. 38. Cp. 26:2. ἐν τῷ ποτηρίῳ ᾧ (=ἐν ᾧ) Rv 18:6.
    ⓖ The neut. is used
    α. in explanations, esp. of foreign words and of allegories: ὅ ἐστιν which or that is, which means: βασιλεὺς Σαλήμ, ὅ ἐστιν βασιλεὺς εἰρήνης Hb 7:2; cp. Mt 27:33; Mk 3:17; 7:11, 34; 15:42. Also ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενον Mt 1:23; Mk 5:41; Ac 4:36; cp. J 1:38, 41f. ὅ ἐστιν μεθερμηνευόμενος κρανίου τόπος Mk 15:22 v.l. (for μεθερμηνευόμενον). τόπος, ὸ̔ λέγεται, Ἑβραϊστὶ Γολγοθά J 19:17.—S. also αὐλῆς, ὅ ἐστιν πραιτώριον Mk 15:16. λεπτὰ δὺο, ὅ ἐστιν κοδράντης 12:42. τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ, ὅ ἐστιν ἡ ἐκκλησία Col 1:24. πλεονέκτης ὅ ἐστιν εἰδωλολάτρης Eph 5:5. τὴν ἀγάπην ὅ ἐστιν σύνδεσμος τῆς τελειότητος Col 3:14.—B-D-F §132, 2.
    β. when the relative pron. looks back upon a whole clause: τοῦτον τ. Ἰησοῦν ἀνέστησεν ὁ θεός, οὗ πάντες ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν μάρτυρες Ac 2:32; cp. 3:15; 11:30; 26:9f; Gal 2:10; Col 1:29; 1 Pt 2:8; Rv 21:8.
    γ. ὅ is to be understood as an obj. acc. and gains its content fr. what immediately follows in these places (s. W-S. §24, 9; Rob. 715): ὸ̔ ἀπέθανεν, τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ ἀπέθανεν ἐφάπαξ = τὸν θάνατον, ὸ̔ν ἀπέθανεν κτλ. what he died, i.e. the death he suffered, he suffered for sin Ro 6:10a; cp. vs. 10b. ὸ̔ νῦν ζῶ ἐν σαρκί the life that I now live in the flesh Gal 2:20.
    ⓗ The relative is used w. consecutive or final mng. (result or purpose): τίς ἔγνω νοῦν κυρίου, ὸ̔ς συμβιβάσει αὐτόν; who has known the mind of the Lord, so that he could instruct him? 1 Cor 2:16 (cp. Is 40:13). ἄξιός ἐστιν ᾧ παρέξῃ τοῦτο he is worthy that you should grant him this Lk 7:4. ἀποστέλλω τὸν ἄγγελόν μου …, ὸ̔ς κατασκευάσει Mt 11:10. ἔπεμψα Τιμόθεον …, ὸ̔ς ὑμᾶς ἀναμνήσει 1 Cor 4:17. ἔχετε μεθʼ ἑαυτῶν, εἰς οὓς ἐργάσεσθε τὸ καλόν 21:2.
    ⓘ taking the place of the interrogative pron.
    α. in indirect questions (Soph., Oed. Rex 1068; Thu. 1, 136, 4; Attic ins of 411 B.C. in Meisterhans3-Schw.; pap [Witkowski 30, 7]; oft. Joseph. [Schmidt 369]; Just., D. 44, 4 διʼ ἧς ὁδοῦ). ὸ̔ ἐγὼ ποιῶ what I am doing J 13:7. ἃ λέγουσιν 1 Ti 1:7 (Just., D. 9, 1 οὐ γὰρ οἶδας ὸ̔ λέγεις).—J 18:21.
    β. NT philology has generally dismissed the proposition that ὅς is used in direct questions (Mlt. 93; B-D-F §300, 2; Radermacher2 78; PMaas [see 1bβב above]). An unambiguous example of it is yet to be found. Even the ins on a goblet in Dssm., LO 100ff [LAE 125–31], ET 33, 1922, 491–93 leaves room for doubt. Therefore also the translation of ἐφʼ ὸ̔ πάρει Mt 26:50 as ‘what are you here for?’ (so Goodsp., Probs. 41–43; similarly, as early as Luther, later Dssm.; JWilson, ET 41, 1930, 334) has been held suspect. S. ZNW 52, ’61, 109ff.—Rob. 725 doubts the interrogative here, but Mlt-Turner 50 inclines toward it. If further proof for interrogative use of ὅς can be found, lit.-crit. considerations (s. vv. 14–16) invite attention to the v.l. (s. Tdf. app.) ἐφʼ ᾦ, a combination used in commercial documents (PGrenf II, 17, 2; 5; Mayser II/1 p. 215); the colloquial use suggests the sense: What deal did you make?—See also 1bβב above.
    ⓙ combined w. particles
    α. with ἄν (ἐάν), s. ἄν I. b.
    β. with γέ (s. γέ aβ and cp. PFlor 370, 9) Ro 8:32.
    γ. w. δήποτε whatever J 5:3(4) v.l. (the vv.ll. vary betw. οἵῳ and ᾧ, δηποτοῦν and δήποτε).
    δ. w. καί who also Mk 3:19; Lk 6:13f; 7:49 al.
    ε. with περ = ὅσπερ, ἥπερ, ὅπερ (TestSol, TestAbr; TestJob 7:13; JosAs 14:12; GrBar; ApcSed 2:1; Jos., Ant. 2, 277, Vi. 95; apolog. [exc. Mel.]) just the one who Mk 15:6 v.l. ὅπερ which indeed Ox 840, 35; ISm 4:1. πάντα ἅπερ whatever GPt 11:45.
    ⓚ used w. preposition (s. also above: 1bα; 1bβב; 1eβ,γ; 1f, and s. Johannessohn, Präp. 382f [ind.]), whereby a kind of conjunction is formed:
    α. with ἀντί: ἀνθʼ ὧν (s. ἀντί 4) because Lk 1:20; 19:44; Ac 12:23; 2 Th 2:10; therefore Lk 12:3.
    β. w. εἰς: εἰς ὅ to this end 2 Th 1:11.
    γ. with ἐν: ἐν οἷς connects w. the situation described in what precedes under which circumstances = under these circumstances Lk 12:1; Ac 24:18 v.l.; 26:12. So also perh. ἐν ᾧ 1 Pt 1:6; 2:12; 3:16, 19; 4:4. S. also ἐν 7 and cp. 1bα above.
    δ. w. ἐπί: ἐφʼ ᾧ (normally, ‘for which’: Plut., Cimon 483 [8, 6] Cimon receives honors in requital for his generous deed [cp. the pl. ἐφʼ οἷς IPriene 114, 22 of honors heaped on a gymnasiarch for his numerous contributions]; cp. Plut., Mor. 522e and Diog. L. 7, 173. Conversely Plut., Aratus 1048 [44, 4]: A. suffers some dishonor ‘for what’ he did to one of his associates) has freq. been interpreted=ἐπὶ τούτῳ ὅτι for the reason that, because Ro 5:12 (lit. on ἁμαρτία 3a); 2 Cor 5:4; Phil 3:12; for 4:10. But a commercial metaphor may find expression in the first 3 passages cited here; s. ἐπί 6c. Difft. on Ro 5:12 JFitzmyer, NTS 39, ’93, 321–39; also comm. (Anchor), ad loc.: ‘with the result that, so that’
    ε. οὗ χάριν therefore Lk 7:47.
    ζ. in indications of time: ἀφʼ ἧς (s. ἀπό 2bγ and cp. BGU 252, 9 [98 A.D.]) from the time when; since Lk 7:45; Ac 24:11; 2 Pt 3:4; Hs 8, 6, 6 v.l.; as soon as, after 8, 1, 4.—ἀφʼ οὗ (s. ἀπό 2bγ) when once, since Lk 13:25; 24:21; Rv 16:18. ἄχρι οὗ (s. ἄχρι 1bα) until (the time when) Ac 7:18; Ro 11:25; 1 Cor 11:26; Gal 3:19. Also ἕως οὗ until Mt 1:25; 13:33; 14:22; 17:9; Lk 13:21; D 11:6 al. μέχρις οὗ until Mk 13:30; Gal 4:19.—On the gen. οὗ as an adv. of place s. it as a separate entry.
    ② Demonstrative pron. this (one) (Hom.+; prose of Hdt. et al. [Kühner-G. II 228f]; pap, LXX).
    ⓐ ὸ̔ς δέ but he (Ps.-Lucian, Philopatris 22; PRyl 144, 14 [38 A.D.]) Mk 15:23; J 5:11 v.l. Mostly
    ⓑ ὸ̔ς μὲν … ὸ̔ς δέ the one … the other (Hippocr.+; very oft. in later wr.; POxy 1189, 7 [c. 117 A.D.]; SibOr 3, 654) the masc. in var. cases of sing. and pl. Mt 22:5; Lk 23:33; Ac 27:44; Ro 14:5; 1 Cor 11:21; 2 Cor 2:16; Jd 22f. ὸ̔ μὲν … ὸ̔ δέ this … that Ro 9:21. ἃ μὲν … ἃ δέ (Lucian, Rhet. Praec. 15) some … others 2 Ti 2:20. ὸ̔ς μὲν … ὸ̔ς δὲ … ὸ̔ς δέ Mt 21:35; 25:15 (Lucian, Tim. 57 διδοὺς … ᾧ μὲν πέντε δραχμάς, ᾧ δέ μνᾶν, ᾧ δὲ ἡμιτάλαντον). ὸ̔ μὲν … ὸ̔ δὲ … ὸ̔ δέ Mt 13:8b, 23. ᾧ μὲν … ἄλλῳ δὲ … ἑτέρῳ (ἄλλῳ δέ is then repeated five times, and before the last one there is a second ἑτέρῳ) 1 Cor 12:8–10. ὸ̔ μὲν … καὶ ἄλλο κτλ. Mk 4:4. ὸ̔ μὲν … καὶ ἕτερον (repeated several times) Lk 8:5. ἃ μὲν … ἄλλα δέ (repeated several times) Mt 13:4–8a. In anacoluthon οὓς μέν without οὓς δέ 1 Cor 12:28. ὸ̔ς μὲν … ὁ δὲ ἀσθενῶν Ro 14:2.—B-D-F §250. MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 100f.—DELG 1 ὅς. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὅς

  • 108 definitivamente

    adv.
    1 definitely (sin duda).
    2 for good.
    3 definitively, for good, once and for all, definitely.
    * * *
    1 (para siempre) for good, once and for all
    2 (finalmente) finally
    * * *
    ADV
    1) (=con seguridad) definitely
    2) (=para siempre) permanently

    se ha instalado definitivamente en la capital — he has settled permanently in the capital, he has settled in the capital for good

    eliminaron definitivamente el virus — they permanently eliminated the virus, they eliminated the virus for ever o for good o once and for all

    3) (=claramente) definitely

    definitivamente, es la peor película del año — it's definitely the worst film of the year

    * * *
    a) <resolver/rechazar> once and for all
    b) <quedarse/instalarse> permanently, for good
    * * *
    = assuredly, definitely, definitively, once and for all, terminally, incurably, once for all.
    Ex. Without question, information has most assuredly become the competitive edge for business and industry.
    Ex. Cutter argued that when it could be established that the second term was definitely more significant then inversion of headings was acceptable.
    Ex. It still may be too early to say definitively whether the abandonment of this policy has overall been in the public interest.
    Ex. I cannot tell you how happy we in the circulation department will all be to put an end once and for all to the smiling delinquent patron who rejoices in paying his fine because he is thereby 'supporting a worthy cause'.
    Ex. The gap between God's finger and Adam's in Michelangelo's Creation of Adam (Vatican, Sistine Chapel) reflects Adam's terminally imperfect state.
    Ex. Regrettably, the well-intentioned publication of Devereux's typescript has been incurably bungled, and Rastell remains without either a complete or trustworthy bibliography.
    Ex. Dead men have no friends; consequently, Israel must abandon its love affair with its putative, feckless friends and kill, once for all, its mortal foes.
    ----
    * cerrar definitivamente = close + Posesivo + doors.
    * * *
    a) <resolver/rechazar> once and for all
    b) <quedarse/instalarse> permanently, for good
    * * *
    = assuredly, definitely, definitively, once and for all, terminally, incurably, once for all.

    Ex: Without question, information has most assuredly become the competitive edge for business and industry.

    Ex: Cutter argued that when it could be established that the second term was definitely more significant then inversion of headings was acceptable.
    Ex: It still may be too early to say definitively whether the abandonment of this policy has overall been in the public interest.
    Ex: I cannot tell you how happy we in the circulation department will all be to put an end once and for all to the smiling delinquent patron who rejoices in paying his fine because he is thereby 'supporting a worthy cause'.
    Ex: The gap between God's finger and Adam's in Michelangelo's Creation of Adam (Vatican, Sistine Chapel) reflects Adam's terminally imperfect state.
    Ex: Regrettably, the well-intentioned publication of Devereux's typescript has been incurably bungled, and Rastell remains without either a complete or trustworthy bibliography.
    Ex: Dead men have no friends; consequently, Israel must abandon its love affair with its putative, feckless friends and kill, once for all, its mortal foes.
    * cerrar definitivamente = close + Posesivo + doors.

    * * *
    1 ‹resolver/rechazar› once and for all
    el texto quedó terminado definitivamente en la sesión de ayer the text was finalized at yesterday's meeting, the final o definitive version of the text was drawn up at yesterday's meeting
    mientras se resuelve definitivamente el problema while waiting for a final o definitive solution to the problem
    2 ‹quedarse/instalarse› permanently, for good
    tú quedarás definitivamente a cargo de esta sección you will be in charge of this department on a permanent basis
    ha decidido dejar de bailar definitivamente he has decided to give up dancing permanently o for good
    están afincados definitivamente en Popayán they have settled permanently in Popayán
    3 ( indep)
    (decididamente): definitivamente, esto no es para mí this is definitely not for me
    * * *

     

    definitivamente adverbio ‹resolver/rechazar› once and for all;
    ‹quedarse/instalarse› permanently, for good
    definitivamente adverbio
    1 (para siempre, de una vez por todas) for good o once and for all: rompió definitivamente su relación con él, she broke up with him once and for all
    2 (sin lugar a dudas, en conclusión) definitely: definitivamente, el jefe quiere arruinar esta empresa, the managing director clearly wants to run this company to the ground
    tu hermano es definitivamente tonto, your brother is definitely stupid
    ' definitivamente' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    cerrar
    - decididamente
    - siempre
    English:
    finally
    - definitely
    * * *
    1. [sin duda] definitely;
    definitivamente, el picante no me sienta bien hot food definitely doesn't agree with me
    2. [finalmente]
    nos tienes que decir definitivamente si vas a venir o no you have to tell us whether you're definitely coming or not;
    hasta que no se solucione definitivamente la avería no habrá electricidad there won't be any electricity until the problem is properly fixed
    3. [para siempre] for good;
    queremos quedarnos a vivir aquí definitivamente we want to come and live here for good;
    la banda se separó definitivamente en 1969 the band finally broke up in 1969;
    la corte se instaló definitivamente en Madrid the court moved to Madrid, where it remained
    * * *
    1) : finally
    2) : permanently, for good
    3) : definitely, absolutely

    Spanish-English dictionary > definitivamente

  • 109 seco

    adj.
    1 dry, dead, lean, thin.
    2 dry, snap, snappy, curt.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: secar.
    * * *
    1 (gen) dry
    2 (frutos, flores) dried
    3 (marchito) withered, dried up
    5 figurado (carácter) dry; (tono, respuesta) curt, sharp
    6 figurado (golpe, ruido) sharp
    7 figurado (persona - delgada) skinny; (- vieja) old and wizened
    \
    a secas figurado simply, just
    dejar seco,-a familiar to bump off
    en seco (acción) suddenly
    estar más seco,-a que un higo familiar (delgado) to be as thin as a rake 2 (envejecido) to be old and wizened
    estar seco,-a familiar to be thirsty, be dry
    limpiar en seco to dry-clean
    quedarse seco,-a familiar to snuff it, croak
    * * *
    (f. - seca)
    adj.
    1) dry
    4) barren, arid
    5) curt, brusque
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=no húmedo) dry

    en seco (=sin líquido) —

    dique 1), ley 1)
    2) (=desecado) [higo, pescado] dried; [hojas] dead, dried; [árbol] dead

    dame una cerveza, que estoy seco — * give me a beer, I'm really parched *

    ciruela, fruto 1)
    3) (=no graso) [piel, pelo] dry
    4) (=no dulce) [vino, licor] dry
    5) (=flaco) thin, skinny *
    6) (=no amable) [persona, carácter, respuesta] curt; [orden] sharp; [estilo] dry

    - no se puede -contestó muy seco — "can't be done," he replied curtly

    7) (=sin resonancia) [tos] dry; [ruido] dull; [impacto] sharp
    8)

    en seco (=bruscamente) —

    pararse en seco — to stop dead, stop suddenly

    parar a algn en seco — [al hablar] to cut sb short

    9) (=sin acompañamiento)
    palo 5)
    10)

    a secas —

    Gerardo García, Gerardo a secas para los amigos — Gerardo García, just Gerardo to his friends

    tener seco a algn Col, Cono Sur —

    a ver todos, ¿al seco? — come on everyone, (down) in one!

    2.
    SM Col main course
    * * *
    - ca adjetivo
    1)
    a) [ESTAR] <ropa/platos/pintura> dry

    tengo la boca/garganta seca — my mouth/throat is dry

    b) [ESTAR] <planta/río/comida> dry
    c) [SER] <clima/región> dry
    2) ( disecado) <higos/flores> dried

    bacalao seco — stockfish, dried salt cod

    3) [SER] ( no graso) <piel/pelo> dry
    4) [SER] ( no dulce) <vino/licor/vermut> dry
    5) <golpe/sonido> sharp; < tos> dry
    6)
    a) <respuesta/carácter> dry
    b) (fam) ( delgado) thin
    c) [ESTAR] (fam) ( sediento) parched (colloq)

    en seco — < frenar> sharply, suddenly

    a secas — (fam)

    dejar a alguien seco — ( matar) (fam) to kill somebody stone dead (colloq); noticia/respuesta

    * * *
    = curt, dry [drier -comp., driest -sup.], shrivelled [shriveled, -USA], waterless, sun-dried, dried.
    Ex. The young man pointed to him and said in a sharp, curt tone: 'Let me see your briefcase'.
    Ex. Machine-made paper, provided that it was dry, could be laid on with sufficient accuracy for register to be made with no more ado than adjustment of the forme for the second run.
    Ex. Green leaf parts showed higher transpiration rates and lower surface temperature than those that were yellow and shrivelled.
    Ex. This area is visited only by desert rats, biologists, military personnel, and those desperate people willing to walk across as much as 60 miles of waterless trail.
    Ex. This tasty salad with broad beans, sun-dried tomatoes and griddled lamb is great as a healthy and filling main meal.
    Ex. Smoked and dried fish are preferable to canned, and there are excellent varieties of tuna jerky on the market today.
    ----
    * albaricoque seco = dried apricot.
    * alergia a los frutos secos = nut allergy.
    * completamente seco = bone dry.
    * dejar en el dique seco = mothball.
    * dique seco = dry dock.
    * en el dique seco = in dry dock, in the wilderness.
    * en seco = in blind, blind, cold turkey.
    * estación seca, la = dry season, the.
    * flor seca = cut-and-dried flower.
    * fotografía en seco = dry photography.
    * fruta seca = dried fruit.
    * fruto seco = nut.
    * frutos secos = nuts.
    * frutos secos garrapiñados = marron glacé.
    * frutos secos glaseados = marron glacé.
    * golpe seco = flop.
    * hielo seco = dry ice powder.
    * hielo seco en polvo = dry ice powder.
    * impresión en seco = blind impression.
    * impreso en seco = blind-tooled.
    * legumbre seca = dry bean.
    * limpieza en seco = dry cleaning.
    * período seco = dry spell.
    * polvo seco = dry powder.
    * semilla seca = dried seed.
    * totalmente seco = bone dry.
    * * *
    - ca adjetivo
    1)
    a) [ESTAR] <ropa/platos/pintura> dry

    tengo la boca/garganta seca — my mouth/throat is dry

    b) [ESTAR] <planta/río/comida> dry
    c) [SER] <clima/región> dry
    2) ( disecado) <higos/flores> dried

    bacalao seco — stockfish, dried salt cod

    3) [SER] ( no graso) <piel/pelo> dry
    4) [SER] ( no dulce) <vino/licor/vermut> dry
    5) <golpe/sonido> sharp; < tos> dry
    6)
    a) <respuesta/carácter> dry
    b) (fam) ( delgado) thin
    c) [ESTAR] (fam) ( sediento) parched (colloq)

    en seco — < frenar> sharply, suddenly

    a secas — (fam)

    dejar a alguien seco — ( matar) (fam) to kill somebody stone dead (colloq); noticia/respuesta

    * * *
    = curt, dry [drier -comp., driest -sup.], shrivelled [shriveled, -USA], waterless, sun-dried, dried.

    Ex: The young man pointed to him and said in a sharp, curt tone: 'Let me see your briefcase'.

    Ex: Machine-made paper, provided that it was dry, could be laid on with sufficient accuracy for register to be made with no more ado than adjustment of the forme for the second run.
    Ex: Green leaf parts showed higher transpiration rates and lower surface temperature than those that were yellow and shrivelled.
    Ex: This area is visited only by desert rats, biologists, military personnel, and those desperate people willing to walk across as much as 60 miles of waterless trail.
    Ex: This tasty salad with broad beans, sun-dried tomatoes and griddled lamb is great as a healthy and filling main meal.
    Ex: Smoked and dried fish are preferable to canned, and there are excellent varieties of tuna jerky on the market today.
    * albaricoque seco = dried apricot.
    * alergia a los frutos secos = nut allergy.
    * completamente seco = bone dry.
    * dejar en el dique seco = mothball.
    * dique seco = dry dock.
    * en el dique seco = in dry dock, in the wilderness.
    * en seco = in blind, blind, cold turkey.
    * estación seca, la = dry season, the.
    * flor seca = cut-and-dried flower.
    * fotografía en seco = dry photography.
    * fruta seca = dried fruit.
    * fruto seco = nut.
    * frutos secos = nuts.
    * frutos secos garrapiñados = marron glacé.
    * frutos secos glaseados = marron glacé.
    * golpe seco = flop.
    * hielo seco = dry ice powder.
    * hielo seco en polvo = dry ice powder.
    * impresión en seco = blind impression.
    * impreso en seco = blind-tooled.
    * legumbre seca = dry bean.
    * limpieza en seco = dry cleaning.
    * período seco = dry spell.
    * polvo seco = dry powder.
    * semilla seca = dried seed.
    * totalmente seco = bone dry.

    * * *
    seco1 -ca
    A
    1 [ ESTAR] ‹ropa/platos/pintura› dry
    [ S ] manténgase en lugar seco store in a dry place
    tengo la boca/garganta seca my mouth/throat is dry
    2 [ ESTAR] ‹planta/tierra› dry
    el campo está sequísimo the countryside o land is really dry o parched
    3 [ ESTAR] ‹río/pozo› dry
    4 [ ESTAR] ‹arroz/pollo› dry
    el pescado estuvo demasiado tiempo en el horno y está muy seco the fish was in the oven for too long so it's got(ten) very dry
    5 [ SER] ‹clima/región› dry
    B (desecado) ‹higos› dried; ‹flores› dried
    bacalao seco stockfish, dried salt cod
    C [ SER] (no graso) ‹piel/pelo› dry
    D [ SER] (no dulce) ‹vino/licor/vermú› dry
    E ‹golpe/sonido› sharp; ‹tos› dry
    F
    1 ‹respuesta/carácter› dry
    estuvo muy seco conmigo he was very short o brusque o curt with me
    2 ( fam) (delgado) thin
    está más seco que un palo he's as thin as a rake
    3 [ ESTAR] ( fam) (sediento) parched ( colloq)
    G ( en locs):
    en seco ‹frenar› sharply, suddenly
    me paró en seco he stopped me dead o he stopped me in my tracks
    el coche paró en seco the car stopped dead
    limpieza en seco dry cleaning
    a secas ( fam): quíteme el `doctor', llámeme Roberto a secas there's no need to call me `doctor', just call me (plain) Roberto
    le dijo que no, así a secas she gave him a straight `no'
    pan así a secas no me apetece I don't feel like eating just bread on its own like that
    le pidió mil dólares así, a secas he just asked him for a thousand dollars outright o straight out, he asked him for a thousand dollars, just like that
    dejar a algn seco ( fam); to kill sb stone dead ( colloq)
    seco para algo ( Chi fam): el hijo le salió seco para la física her son turned out to be brilliant o a whiz at physics ( colloq)
    es seco para el garabato he has a great line in swear words ( colloq)
    tener seco a algn (Col, RPl fam): este tipo me tiene seca I'm up to here with o I'm sick and tired of this guy ( colloq)
    tomarse algo al seco ( Chi fam); to down sth o knock sth back (in one go) ( colloq)
    ( Col)
    main dish
    * * *

     

    Del verbo secar: ( conjugate secar)

    seco es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    secó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    secar    
    seco
    secar ( conjugate secar) verbo transitivo
    a) ‹ropa/pelo/platos› to dry;

    ‹pintura/arcilla› to dry
    b) ‹tierra/plantas/hierba› to dry up;

    ‹ piel› to make … dry
    verbo intransitivo
    to dry
    secarse verbo pronominal
    1
    a) [ropa/pintura/pelo] to dry;

    [ piel] to get dry;


    c) [tierra/planta/hierba] to dry up

    d) [río/pozo/fuente] to dry up

    e) [arroz/guiso] to go dry

    2 ( refl) [ persona] to dry oneself;
    ‹manos/pelo› to dry;
    ‹ lágrimas› to dry, wipe away
    seco
    ◊ -ca adjetivo

    1
    a) [ESTAR] ‹ropa/platos/pintura› dry;

    ‹boca/garganta› dry
    b) [ESTAR] ‹planta/río/comida› dry

    c) [SER] ‹clima/región› dry

    2 ‹higos/flores› dried;

    3 [SER] ( no graso) ‹piel/pelo› dry
    4 [SER] ( no dulce) ‹vino/licor/vermut› dry
    5 ‹golpe/sonido› sharp;
    ‹ tos› dry
    6 ‹respuesta/carácter› dry;

    7 ( en locs)
    ◊ en seco ‹frenar/parar› sharply, suddenly;

    limpieza en seco dry cleaning
    secar verbo transitivo to dry: el sol secó la pintura, the sun dried the paint
    seco,-a adjetivo
    1 (sin humedad) dry
    (disecado) dried
    (sin agua) el río está seco, the river is dry
    2 (planta) dried up
    3 (pelo, piel) dry
    4 (tos) dry, hacking
    5 (vino, alcohol) dry
    6 (poco afable) curt, sharp
    (contestación) crisp, terse
    7 (golpe, ruido) sharp
    8 (delgado, con poca carne) skinny
    9 fam (atónito, parado) stunned
    ♦ Locuciones: a secas, (sin más) llámame Paco a secas, just call me Paco
    en seco, (de golpe, bruscamente) estaba hablando y se paró en seco, he was talking when he stopped dead
    (muerto en el acto) se cayó de un precipicio y se quedó seco, he fell off the cliff and died instantly
    ' seco' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    bocinazo
    - dique
    - lavar
    - lavado
    - limpieza
    - palo
    - secar
    - seca
    - secarse
    - bacalao
    - contrario
    - limpiar
    - más
    - moco
    - parar
    - se
    - vino
    English:
    bone-dry
    - clean
    - crack
    - crisp
    - curt
    - dead
    - dehydrated
    - dried
    - dry
    - dry wine
    - dry-clean
    - mop
    - nut
    - parched
    - rap
    - seasoned
    - shell
    - short
    - shrivelled
    - snap
    - stop
    - wipe away
    - bone
    - click
    - desiccated
    - dryness
    - medium
    - moist
    - smart
    - terse
    * * *
    seco, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [ropa, lugar] dry;
    el pantalón todavía no está seco the Br trousers o US pants aren't yet dry;
    tiene la piel seca/el cabello seco she has dry skin/hair;
    consérvese en un lugar seco [en etiqueta] keep in a dry place
    2. [higos] dried;
    flores secas dried flowers
    3. [clima, país] dry
    4. [marchito] withered
    5. [pozo, fuente] dry, dried up
    6. [persona, actitud] brusque ( con to);
    estuvo muy seco con su madre he was very short with his mother;
    me contestó con un no seco she answered me with a curt “no”
    7. [flaco] thin, lean;
    se está quedando seco he's getting skinny
    8. [vino, licor] dry
    9. [ruido] dull;
    [tos] dry; [voz] sharp;
    10. Fam [sediento] thirsty;
    estar seco to be thirsty
    11. Fam [muerto] stone-dead;
    [pasmado] stunned;
    dejar a alguien seco [matar] to kill sb stone-dead;
    [pasmar] to stun sb; RP Fam [agotar] to leave sb drained
    12.
    parar en seco [bruscamente] to stop dead
    ♦ nm
    1. Perú [guiso] = meat stew served with rice and a garlic, lemon and coriander sauce
    2. Col [plato principal] main dish
    ♦ a secas loc adv
    simply, just;
    llámame Juan a secas just call me Juan;
    no comas pan a secas don't eat just bread
    * * *
    adj
    1 dry; planta dried up;
    estar seco fam ( tener sed) be parched fam
    2 fig ( antipático) curt, brusque
    3
    :
    dejar a alguien seco fam kill s.o. stone dead;
    parar en seco stop dead
    4
    :
    llámala Carmen a secas just call her Carmen
    * * *
    seco, -ca adj
    1) : dry
    2) disecado: dried
    fruta seca: dried fruit
    3) : thin, lean
    4) : curt, brusque
    5) : sharp
    un golpe seco: a sharp blow
    6)
    a secas : simply, just
    se llama Chico, a secas: he's just called Chico
    7)
    en seco : abruptly, suddenly
    frenar en seco: to make a sudden stop
    * * *
    seco adj
    1. (en general) dry [comp. drier; superl. driest]
    2. (frutos, flores) dried
    3. (persona) unfriendly [comp. unfriendlier; superl. unfriendliest]

    Spanish-English dictionary > seco

  • 110 golpe1

    1 = punch, coup, blow, rap, knocking, beat, knock, swipe, hit, bang.
    Ex. When I saw what he was up to, I drew back for a punch and hit him so hard on the nose that he fell on his back and lay there for some time, so that his wife stood over him and cried out 'Mercy! You've done my husband in!'.
    Ex. Nearly 1500 delegates from 67 countries attended the conference which was dominated by the 3 day coup designed to restore Communist party influence.
    Ex. The Great War of 1914-18 was a heavy blow for the Bulletin, from which it never really recovered, and in the 1920s it gradually sank under its own weight, helped by a forced move from its previous quarters to make room for a trade fair.
    Ex. There was also a spot from which, if you struck the floor with a hard rap of your heel, you could almost count the reverberations as the sound bounced from floor to ceiling to walls to floor.
    Ex. It seems to me that the Dewey engine is still ticking over, though there's an occasional knocking and it could no doubt do with a good tuning.
    Ex. Immediately after the recognition of a cardiac cycle the program calculates mean values over a given time or a given number of beats.
    Ex. After a few knocks, it was clear that no one was going to answer.
    Ex. In fact it is an exaltation of the Kyoto protocol and a thinly disguised swipe at those countries who have not signed up.
    Ex. Nothing is more unrealistic that seeing the hero take in an unlikely number of hits without turning a hair.
    Ex. This is how the world ends, not with a bang, but with a whimper.
    ----
    * aguantar un golpe = take + a hit.
    * amortiguar el golpe = soften + the blow.
    * aprender Algo a fuerza de golpes = learn + Nombre + the hard way.
    * asestar el golpe de gracia = administer + the coup de grace, deliver + the coup de grace.
    * asestar un golpe = give + a blow, bash, deal + a blow, strike + a blow.
    * asestar un golpe mortal = deal + the death blow.
    * atizar un golpe = deal + a blow.
    * cerrar de golpe = slam.
    * dar el golpe de gracia = administer + the coup de grace, deliver + the coup de grace.
    * dar golpes = pound.
    * darse golpes de pecho = beat + Posesivo + breast.
    * darse golpes en el pecho = beat + Posesivo + breast.
    * dar un golpe = knock.
    * dar un golpe por detrás = rear-end.
    * de golpe = in one lump, all at once, all at once.
    * derribar a Alguien de un golpe = knock + Nombre + to the ground, knock + Nombre + to the floor.
    * de un golpe = at one blow, at one whack, at one pull, in one shot, in one lump, in one action, in one go, in one fell swoop, at one fell swoop.
    * duro golpe = cruel blow.
    * eliminar de un golpe = eliminate + at a stroke.
    * emprenderla(s) a golpes con = lam into, lay into.
    * encajar el golpe = take it on + the chin.
    * golpe de estado = coup d'etat, putsch.
    * golpe de gracia = coup de grace, kiss of death, killer blow, death blow.
    * golpe de mala suerte = stroke of misfortune.
    * golpe de suerte = stroke of luck.
    * golpe fuerte = whack.
    * golpe fulminante = crushing blow.
    * golpe mortal = mortal blow, killer blow, death blow.
    * golpe por detrás = rear end.
    * golpe seco = flop.
    * intento de golpe de estado = attempted coup, coup attempt.
    * introducir a golpes = hammer into.
    * quitar con un golpe = knock off.
    * recibir un golpe = take + a hit.
    * recobrarse de un golpe = lick + Posesivo + wounds.
    * sacar a golpes = punch out.
    * tentativa de golpe de estado = attempted coup, coup attempt.
    * tirar a Alguien al suelo de un golpe = knock + Nombre + to the floor, knock + Nombre + to the ground.
    * todo de (un) golpe = all at once.
    * tumbar a Alguien al suelo de un golpe = knock + Nombre + to the floor, knock + Nombre + to the ground.
    * vivir sin dar golpe = live off + the fat of the land.

    Spanish-English dictionary > golpe1

  • 111 Д-398

    ЗА ДУШОЙ (у кого) нет, не иметь чего, есть что PrepP Invar adv usu. used with negated predic) ( s.o. does not have anything, s.o. has sth.) of s.o. 's own: (in refer, to money, material possessions) у X-a нет ни копейки ( ни гроша etc) за душой - X doesn't have (is without) a kopeck (a penny, a cent etc) to his name X is (flat) broke
    (in refer, to convictions, spiritual values, morals etc) что у X-a - ? - what is (going on) inside (of) X?
    what is in X's heart (soul) ? what does X believe in? what are the principles (beliefs etc) that guide X? what principles does X live by?
    у X-a нет ничего - - X's soul is a wasteland (a void)
    X is without beliefs or convictions X has no spiritual fiber X's heart is empty.
    ...В тринадцатом году она («Бродячая Собака», ночной клуб) была единственным островком в ночном Петербурге, где литературная и артистическая молодежь, в виде общего правила не имевшая ни гроша за душой, чувствовала себя как дома (Лившиц 1)....In 1913 it (the Stray Dog night-club) was the only haven in night-time Petersburg where the literary and artistic youth (usually without a penny to its name) could feel at home (1a).
    О Дессере думают: всесилен. В газетах его называют «некоронованным королём». А он - нищий. У него ничего за душой (Эренбург 4). They thought he (Desser) was all-powerful. They (the newspapers) called him the "uncrowned king." And in reality he was destitute. His heart was empty (4a).
    Интеллигенция... на досуге занялась переоценкой ценностей - это был период массовой капитуляции (перед новым режимом)... Психологически всех толкал на капитуляцию страх остаться в одиночестве и в стороне от общего движения... Но самое главное это то, что у самих капитулянтов ничего за душой не было (Мандельштам 1). ( context transl) The intellectuals...set about a leisurely "revaluation of all values." This was the period of mass surrender (to the new regime)....Psychological factors that worked in favor of capitulation we:e the fear of being left out in the cold, of not moving with the times....But the main thing was that those who surrendered had nothing of their own to offer (1a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > Д-398

  • 112 за душой

    • ЗА ДУШОЙ (у кого) нет, не иметь чего, есть что
    [PrepP; Invar; adv; usu. used with negated predic]
    =====
    ⇒ (s.o. does not have anything, s.o. has sth.) of s.o.'s own:
    - [in refer, to money, material possessions] у X-a нет ни копейки < ни гроша etc> за душой≈ X doesn't have (is without) a kopeck (a penny, a cent etc) to his name;
    || [in refer, to convictions, spiritual values, morals etc] что у X-a - ? - what is (going on) inside (of) X?;
    - what is in X's heart (soul) ?;
    - what does X believe in?;
    - what are the principles (beliefs etc) that guide X?;
    - what principles does X live by?;
    - X's heart is empty.
         ♦...В тринадцатом году она ["Бродячая Собака", ночной клуб] была единственным островком в ночном Петербурге, где литературная и артистическая молодежь, в виде общего правила не имевшая ни гроша за душой, чувствовала себя как дома (Лившиц 1)....In 1913 it [the Stray Dog night-club] was the only haven in night-time Petersburg where the literary and artistic youth (usually without a penny to its name) could feel at home (1a).
         ♦ О Дессере думают: всесилен. В газетах его называют "некоронованным королём". А он - нищий. У него ничего за душой (Эренбург 4). They thought he [Desser] was all-powerful. They [the newspapers] called him the "uncrowned king." And in reality he was destitute. His heart was empty (4a).
         ♦ Интеллигенция... на досуге занялась переоценкой ценностей - это был период массовой капитуляции [перед новым режимом]... Психологически всех толкал на капитуляцию страх остаться в одиночестве и в стороне от общего движения... Но самое главное это то, что у самих капитулянтов ничего за душой не было (Мандельштам 1). [context transl] The intellectuals...set about a leisurely "revaluation of all values." This was the period of mass surrender [to the new regime].... Psychological factors that worked in favor of capitulation we:e the fear of being left out in the cold, of not moving with the times....But the main thing was that those who surrendered had nothing of their own to offer (1a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > за душой

  • 113 prim-signa

    d and að, [Lat., an eccl. word], to give the ‘prima signatio’ or ‘signaculum crucis’ a religious act, preliminary to christening; persons thus signed with the cross were catechumens, and if adults they could join in the social life among Christians; they were also admitted to a special part of the mass (primsigndra messa = the mass for the ‘prime-signed’), whereas all intercourse with heathens was forbidden. An infant who died, having received the prima signatio, but not baptism, was to be buried in the outskirts of the churchyard, where the consecrated and unconsecrated earth meet, and without burial service,—ef barn andask primsignt, ok hefir eigi verit skírt (primsignt ok hefir eigi meiri skírn, Sb. l. c.) ok skal þat grafa við kirkju-garð út, þar er mætisk vígð mold ok úvígð, ok syngva eigi legsöng yfir, K. Þ. K. (Kb.) 7. A monster-shapen infant was to receive the prima signatio, but not baptism, and then to be left to die (exposed) at the church door—þat barn (a monster-child) skal ok til kirkju bera, láta primsigna, leggja fyrir kirkju-dyr, gæti inn nánasti niðr til þess er önd er ór, N. G. L. i. 339; í þessi efan primsigni prestr ok skíri, iii. 251; hann primsignaði hann fyrst ok skírði hann síðan eptir siðvenju, Barl. 147. The words in the English Prayer Book—‘and do sign him (her) with the sign of the cross’—are remains of the ‘signaculum crucis’ of the ancient church. During the heathen age the Scandinavian merchants and warriors who served among Christians abroad in England or Germany used to take the prima signatio, for it enabled them to live both among Christians and heathens without receiving baptism and forsaking their old faith; ek em primsigndr at eins en eigi skírðr, I am ‘prime-signed,’ but not baptized, Fms. ii. 240, Valla L. 205, Kristni S. ch. 1, 2, Fb. i. 346, 357, ii. 137, 243; England var Kristið ok hafði lengi verit þá er þetta var tíðenda, Aðalsteinn konungr var vel Kristinn … hann bað Þórólf ok þá bræðr at þeir skyldi láta primsignask, þvíat þat var þá mikill siðr, bæði með kaupmönnum ok þeim er á mála gengu með Kristnum mönnum, þvíat þeir menn, er primsigndir vóru, höfðu allt samneyti við Kristna menn ok svá heiðna, en höfðu þat at átrúnaði er þeim var skapfeldast, Eg. 265, Gísl. 96: see also Vita Anscarii, ch. 24. These ‘prime-signed’ men, returning to their native land, brought with them the first notions of Christianity into the heathen Northern countries, having lived among Christians, and seen their daily life and worship, and they undoubtedly paved the way for the final acceptance of the Christian faith among their countrymen. It may even be that some strange heathen rites of the last days of paganism, such as the bjannak (q. v.), the sprinkling of infants with water, were due to this cause.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > prim-signa

  • 114 Mitscherlich, Alexander

    SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing
    [br]
    b. 28 May 1836 Berlin, Germany
    d. 31 May 1918 Oberstdorf, Germany
    [br]
    German inventor of sulphite wood pulp for papermaking.
    [br]
    Mitscherlich had an impeccable scientific background; his father was the celebrated chemist Eilhardt Mitscherlich, discoverer of the law of isomorphism, and his godfather was Alexander von Humboldt. At first his progress at school failed to live up to this auspicious beginning and his father would only sanction higher studies if he first qualified as a teacher so as to assure a means of livelihood. Alexander rose to the occasion and went on to gain his doctorate at the age of 25 in the field of mineralogical chemistry. He worked for a few years as Assistant to the distinguished chemists Wöhler in Göttingen and Wurtz in Paris. On his father's death in 1863, he succeeded him as teacher of chemistry in the University of Berlin. In 1868 he accepted a post in the newly established Forest Academy in Hannoversch-Munden, teaching chemistry, physics and geology. The post offered little financial advantage, but it left him more time for research. It was there that he invented the process for producing sulphite wood pulp.
    The paper industry was seeking new raw materials. Since the 1840s pulp had been produced mechanically from wood, but it was unsuitable for making fine papers. From the mid-1860s several chemists began tackling the problem of separating the cellulose fibres from the other constituents of wood by chemical means. The American Benjamin C.Tilghman was granted patents in several countries for the treatment of wood with acid or bisulphite. Carl Daniel Ekman in Sweden and Karl Kellner in Austria also made sulphite pulp, but the credit for devising the process that came into general use belongs to Mitscherlich. His brother Oskar came to him at the Academy with plans for producing pulp by the action of soda, but the results were inferior, so Mitscherlich substituted calcium bisulphite and in the laboratory obtained good results. To extend this to a large-scale process, he was forced to set up his own mill, where he devised the characteristic towers for making the calcium bisulphite, in which water trickling down through packed lime met a rising current of sulphur dioxide. He was granted a patent in Luxembourg in 1874 and a German one four years later. The sulphite process did not make him rich, for there was considerable opposition to it; government objected to the smell of sulphur dioxide, forestry authorities were anxious about the inroads that might be made into the forests and his patents were contested. In 1883, with the support of an inheritance from his mother, Mitscherlich resigned his post at the Academy to devote more time to promoting his invention. In 1897 he at last succeeded in settling the patent disputes and achieving recognition as the inventor of sulphite pulp. Without this raw material, the paper industry could never have satisfied the insatiable appetite of the newspaper presses.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    H.Voorn "Alexander Mitscherlich, inventor of sulphite wood pulp", Paper Maker 23(1): 41–4.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Mitscherlich, Alexander

  • 115 ἀνάστασις

    ἀνάστασις, εως, ἡ (s. ἀνίστημι; Aeschyl., Hdt.+ in var. mngs.).
    ① a change for the better in status, rising up, rise (La 3:63; Zech 3:8; Jos., Ant. 17, 212; 18, 301 [here of the ‘erection’ of a statue]) κεῖται εἰς πτῶσιν καὶ ἀ. πολλῶν he is destined for the fall and rise of many of Jesus Lk 2:34, i.e. because of him many will fall and others will rise, viz. in relation to God (for contrast w. πτῶσις cp. Evagrius Pont., Sent. 5, 19 p. 327 Frankenberg: ἡ μικρὰ τ. σώματος ἀνάστασίς ἐστιν ἡ μετάθεσις αὐτοῦ ἐκ πτώσεως τ. ἀσελγείας εἰς τὴν τ. ἁγιασμοῦ ἀνάστασιν).—Esp.
    ② resurrection from the dead, resurrection (Aeschyl., Eum. 648 ἅπαξ θανόντος οὔτις ἐστʼ ἀ. [cp. Job 7:9f; 16:22]; Ps.-Lucian, De Salt. 45; Ael. Aristid. 32, 25 K.=12 p. 142 D.; 46 p. 300 D.; IGR IV 743, 25 [ο]ἱ δὴ δ[είλ]αιοι πάντ[ες] εἰς ἀ[νά]στασιν|[----][the stone breaks off after ἀ. and some think that βλέποντες or the like is to be supplied]; 2 Macc 7:14; 12:43), and so
    ⓐ in the past: of Jesus’ res. (Orig., C. Cels. 5, 57, 25) Ac 1:22; 2:31; 4:33; Ro 6:5; Phil 3:10 (JFitzmyer, BRigaux Festschr., ’70, 411–25); 1 Pt 3:21; 1 Cl 42:3; ISm 3:1, 3; in more detail ἀ. ἐκ νεκρῶν 1 Pt 1:3; ἀ. νεκρῶν res. from the dead Ro 1:4; w. the passion of Jesus IEph 20:1; Mg 11; Tr ins; Phld ins; 8:2; 9:2; Sm 7:2; 12:2; cp. 1:2. τὸν Ἰησοῦν καὶ τὴν ἀ. εὐαγγελίζεσθαι proclaim Jesus and the res. i.e. his res., and in consequence, the possibility of a general res. Ac 17:18 (but s. 3 below. τὸν Ἰησοῦν καὶ τὴν ἀνάστασιν could also mean ‘the res. of Jesus’, as perh. Nicol Dam.: 90 Fgm. 130, 18 p. 400, 17 Jac. μνήμη τἀνδρὸς καὶ φιλοστοργίας=‘… the love of the man’); cp. vs. 32 and 4:2. Of the raisings from the dead by Elijah and Elisha ἔλαβον γυναῖκες ἐξ ἀ. τοὺς νεκροὺς αὐτῶν women (i.e. the widow of Zarephath and the Shunammite woman 3 Km 17:23; 4 Km 4:36) received their dead by res. Hb 11:35.
    ⓑ of the future res. (Theoph. Ant. 1, 13 [p. 86, 25]), linked with Judgment Day: described as ἀ. νεκρῶν (Did., Gen. 96, 13) Mt 22:31; Ac 23:6; 24:15, 21; 26:23; 1 Cor 15:12f; 21; 42; Hb 6:2; D 16:6; or ἀ. ἐκ νεκρῶν Lk 20:35; B 5:6; AcPlCor 2:35 (cp. Ar. 15, 3; Just., D. 45, 2); cp. IPol 7:1; Pol 7:1; MPol 14:2. ἀ. σαρκός (not found in the NT) AcPlCor 1:12; 2:24 (Just., D. 80, 5; σωμάτων Tat. 6, 1; Ath., R. 11 p. 59, 14). Of Jesus: τὴν ἀ. ποιεῖν bring about the res. (of the dead) B 5:7. Jesus’ Passion as our res. ISm 5:3. ἀθάνατος τῆς ἀ. καρπός 2 Cl 19:3. Described as ἀ. κρείττων Hb 11:35 in contrast w. the res. of the past, because the latter was, after all, followed by death. ἡ μέλλουσα ἀ. (Theoph. Ant. 2, 15 [p. 138, 17]) the future res. 1 Cl 24:1. ἡ κατὰ καιρὸν γινομένη ἀ. the res. that comes at regular intervals (i.e. seasons, day and night), as a type of the future res. 24:2.—More details in J, who mentions an ἀ. ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ on the Last Day J 11:24 and differentiates betw. the ἀ. κρίσεως res. for judgment for the wicked and the ἀ. ζωῆς res. to life for those who do good 5:29. Christ calls himself ἡ ἀ. and ἡ ζωή 11:25, since he mediates both to humans.—Paul seeks to demonstrate the validity of belief in Jesus’ res. in terms of the res. of the dead in general 1 Cor 15:12ff (s. MDahl, The Res. of the Body. A Study of 1 Cor 15, ’62 and s. τάγμα 1b). γνῶναι … τὴν δύναμιν τῆς ἀ. αὐτου Phil 3:10.—Lk 14:14 mentions only a res. of the just, as in some intertestamental belief; likew. B 21:1. Hebraistically υἱοὶ τῆς ἀ. (w. υἱοὶ θεοῦ) children of the res.=sharers in the resurrection Lk 20:36. A second res. is presupposed by the ἀ. ἡ πρώτη of Rv 20:5f. Denial of res. by the Sadducees Mt 22:23, 28, 30f; Mk 12:18, 23; Lk 20:27, 33, 35f (on this see Schürer II 391; 411); by the Epicureans Ac 17:18 (ERohde, Psyche3 1903 II 331–35; cp. the ins 2 above, beg.); and by Christians 1 Cor 15:12 (prob. in the sense of Just., D. 80, 4 λέγουσι μὴ εἶναι νεκρῶν ἀνάστασιν, ἀλλʼ ἅμα τῷ ἀποθνῄσκειν τὰς ψυχὰς αὐτῶν ἀναλαμβάνεσθαι εἰς τ. οὐρανόν ‘they say there is no resurrection of the dead, but that at the time of death their souls are taken up into heaven’; s. JWilson, ZNW 59, ’68, 90–107); 2 Ti 2:18 (cp. Menander in Iren. 1, 23, 5 [Harv. I 195] resurrectionem enim per id quod est in eum baptisma, accipere eius discipulos, et ultra non posse mori, sed perseverare non senescentes et immortales [Menander teaches that] ‘his followers receive resurrection by being baptized into him, and that they face death no more, but live on without growing old, exempt from death’; cp. Just., A I, 26, 4; Valentinus in Clem. of Alex., Str. 4, 13, 91; Tertull., Carn. Resurr. 25 agnitio sacramenti [=ἡ τοῦ μυστηρίου γνῶσις] resurrectio).—FNötscher, Altoriental. u. atl. Auferstehungsglaube 1926; JLeipoldt, Sterbende u. auferstehende Götter 1923; Cumont3 ’31; ANikolainen, D. Auferstehungsglauben in d. Bibel u. in ihrer Umwelt. I Relgesch. Teil ’44. II NT ’46.—WBousset, Rel.3, 1926, 269–74 al.; Billerb. IV 1928, 1166–98.—AMeyer, D. Auferstehung Christi 1905; KLake, The Historical Evidence of Res. of Jesus Christ 1907; LBrun, D. Auferst. Christi in d. urchr. Überl. 1925; PGardner-Smith, The Narratives of the Resurrection 1926; SMcCasland, The Res. of Jesus ’32; MGoguel, La foi à la résurr. de Jésus dans le Christianisme primitif ’33; EFascher, ZNW 26, 1927, 1–26; EFuchs, ZKG 51, ’32, 1–20; AThomson, Did Jesus Rise from the Dead? ’40; EHirsch, D. Auferstehungsgeschichten u. d. chr. Glaube ’40; PAlthaus, D. Wahrheit des kirchl. Osterglaubens2 ’41; WMichaelis, D. Erscheinungen des Auferstandenen ’44; ARamsey, The Res. of Christ ’45; JLeipoldt, Zu den Auferstehungsgeschichten: TLZ 73, ’48, 737–42 (rel.-Hist.); KRengstorf, Die Auferstehung Jesu2 ’54; GKoch, Die Auferstehung J. Christi ’59; HGrass, Ostergeschehen u. Osterberichte ’56; ELohse, Die Auferstehung J. Chr. im Zeugnis des Lk ’61; HvCampenhausen, Tradition and Life in the Early Church, ’68, 42–89; WCraig, Assessing the NT Evidence for the Historicity of the Resurrection of Jesus ’89; GLüdemann, Die Auferstehung Jesu ’94. S. also τάφος 1.—KDeissner, Auferstehungshoffnung u. Pneumagedanke b. Pls 1912; GVos, The Pauline Doctrine of the Res.: PTR 27, 1929, 1–35; 193–226; FGuntermann, D. Eschatologie d. hl. Pls ’32; HMolitor, Die Auferstehung d. Christen und Nichtchristen nach d. Ap. Pls ’33; LSimeone, Resurrectionis iustorum doctr. in Ep. S. Pauli ’38; DStanley, Christ’s Resurrection in Pauline Soteriology ’61; CMoule, NTS 12, ’65/66, 106–23; MdeBoer, The Defeat of Death ’88; JHolleman, A Traditio-Historical Study of Paul’s Eschatology in 1 Cor 15 (NovT Suppl. 84), ’96.—RGrant, Miracle and Nat. Law ’52, 221–63. JBuitkamp, Auferstehungsglaube in den Qumrantexten, diss. Groningen ’64; GWild, Auferstehungsglaube des späten Israel, diss. Bonn. ’67; W. Pannenberg, Grundzüge der Christologie6 ’82, 74ff.
    ③ a deity within a polytheistic system, Resurrection Ac 17:18. This interpr., first set forth by Chrysostom (Hom. in Act. 38, 1), has found modern supporters (s. Haenchen ad loc.). The semantic issue arises from the fact that the narrative presents the auditors as theologically ignorant. Their assumption is that Paul seemed to be a proclaimer of ‘new divinities’ (vs. 18a). From their perspective the term ἀ. suggests a divinity named Resurrection (abstractions identified as divinities were not uncommon in the Gr-Rom. world, s. EA 19 ’92, 71–73). But the omniscient author informs the reader that bodily resurrection (as in 2 above) is meant.—DELG s.v. ἵστημι. M-M. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἀνάστασις

  • 116 Fuß

    Fuß <-es, Füße> [fu:s, pl ʼfy:sə] m
    1) ( Körperteil) foot;
    gut/schlecht zu \Fuß sein to be steady/not so steady on one's feet; Wanderer to be a good/poor walker;
    trockenen \Fußes without getting one's feet wet;
    etw ist zu \Fuß zu erreichen sth is within walking distance;
    an den Füßen [o die Füße] frieren ( SÜDD) to freeze one's feet off;
    zu \Fuß gehen/ kommen to walk, to go/come on foot;
    den \Fuß auf festen Boden/ die Erde/ den Mond setzen to set foot on solid ground/the earth/the moon;
    den \Fuß in [o zwischen] die Tür stellen to put [or get] one's foot in the door;
    über seine [eigenen] Füße stolpern to trip [or fall] over one's own feet;
    jdm auf die Füße treten to stand on sb's feet;
    (fig: jdn beleidigen) to step on sb's toes;
    so schnell/ weit ihn die [o seine/ ihre] Füße trugen as fast/far as his/her legs could carry him;
    bei \Fuß! ( Befehl für Hunde) heel!
    2) (südd, österr) ( Bein) leg
    3) ( Sockel) base;
    (vom Schrank, Berg) foot;
    (Stuhl-, Tischbein) [chair/table] leg
    4) liter ( Versfuß) [metrical] foot
    6) kein pl ( Längenmaß) foot;
    sie ist sechs \Fuß groß she's six feet [or foot] tall;
    ein sechs \Fuß großer Mann a six-foot man, a six-footer ( fam)
    7) kochk; ( Schwein) trotter; ( Lamm) foot
    WENDUNGEN:
    mit einem \Fuß im Grabe stehen to have one foot in the grave;
    die Füße unter jds Tisch strecken to have one's feet under sb's table;
    keinen \Fuß vor die Tür setzen to not set foot outside;
    auf eigenen Füßen stehen to stand on one's own two feet;
    wie eingeschlafene Füße schmecken (sl) to taste of nothing;
    jdn auf dem falschen \Fuß erwischen to catch sb unprepared;
    sich auf freiem \Fuß[e] befinden to be free; Ausbrecher to be at large;
    jdn [wieder] auf freien \Fuß setzen to release sb, to set sb at liberty;
    auf großem \Fuß[e] leben to live the high life;
    mit jdm auf gutem \Fuß stehen to be on good terms with sb;
    kalte Füße bekommen to get cold feet;
    auf schwachen [o tönernen] [o wackligen] Füßen stehen to rest on shaky foundations;
    stehenden \Fußes ( geh) forthwith ( form)
    sich dat die Füße wund laufen ( fam) to run one's legs off ( fam)
    jdm zu Füßen fallen [o sinken] to go down on one's knees to [or before] sb;
    [immer wieder] auf die Füße fallen to fall one's feet [again];
    [festen] \Fuß fassen to gain a [firm] foothold;
    jdm/einer S. auf dem \Fuße folgen to follow sb/sth closely; ( fig) to follow hard on sb/sth ( fig)
    sich auf die Füße getreten fühlen to feel offended;
    jdm zu Füßen liegen to lie at sb's feet;
    jdm auf die Füße treten ( fam) to step [or tread] on sb's toes;
    jdn/etw mit Füßen treten ( fig) to trample all over sb, to treat sb/sth with contempt;
    sich dat die Füße vertreten to stretch one's legs;
    sich jdm zu Füßen werfen to throw oneself at sb's feet, to prostrate oneself before sb

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Studenten > Fuß

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