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1 GESTR
(-s, -ir), m.1) guest;* * *m., gen. gests; pl. gestir, acc. gesti; [Ulf. gasts = ξένος; A. S. gest; Engl. guest; Germ. gast; Dan. gjæst; Swed. gäst; Lat. hostis]:I. a guest; the original meaning of this word is a stranger, alien, cp. Lat. hostis.β. the Guests, one division of the king’s men; the Guests were a kind of policemen, and had not the full privileges of the king’s guardsmen or hirðmenn, although they were in the king’s pay; they had their own seats in the king’s hall, the guests’ bench, gesta-bekkr, m., Fb. i. 347; their own chief, gesta-höfðingi, a, m., Nj. 7, Hkr. ii. 69, Fms. vii. 35; their own banner, gesta-merki, n., Fms. ix. 489; their own meeting, gesta-stefna, u, f., Fms. viii. 250; they formed a separate body, gesta-sveit, f., Fas. i. 318; skulu þar fylgja hirðmenn ok gestir, Ó. H. 204, in the battle at Stiklastað: a guests’ hall, gesta-skáli, a, m., is mentioned in Eg. 28, Fas. ii. 93: a ship, gesta-skip ( gesta-fley), n., Fms. viii. 139; cp. the Sagas passim, esp. the Konunga Sögur, Fms. x. 147, Hkr. passim, but esp. N. G. L. in the section Hirðs-skrá, or the law ( rules) for the king’s men, and Sks. 257 sqq. As the gestir were lower in rank than the hirðmenn, a recruit had often to serve his apprenticeship among them, e. g. var hann í gestasæti, he was seated among the guests, i. e. was held in small repute, Fas. i. 51.II. a stranger, guest, Lat. hospes, but keeping the old notion of a stranger, prop. an accidental guest, chance comer, and is distinguished from boðs-maðr, an invited guest, or the like; hence the allit. phrase, gestr ok gangandi, a guest and ganger, since with the ancients the poor had to go from house to house (cp. gangleri); this is to be borne in mind, if one would understand old sayings such as, Guð elr gesti, God feeds guests, Bs. i. 247; or many passages in the old heathen poem Hávamál, e. g. órir gestr við gest, guest quarrels with guest, Hm. 31; gestr at gest hæðinn, guest mocking guest, 30, which reminds one of Hom. Od. xviii. 1–33; gest þú né geyja né á grind hrekir (scoff not at a guest, nor drive him to the door), get þú váluðum vel, Hm. 136, where gestr ( a guest) and válaðr ( a vagrant) are used synonymously; ganga skal, skala gestr vera æ í einum stað, 34. In olden times there were no public hostelries, and all entertainment was (as it still is in Icel.) private bounty; a fine instance of a munificent hostess of the heathen age is recorded in Landn.,—Geirríðr sparði ekki mat við menn, ok lét göra skála sinn of þjóðbraut þvera, hón sat á stóli ok laðaði úti gesti, en borð stóð inni jafnan ok matr á, 2. 13. After the introduction of Christianity, when churches were built and endowments given, the donors often imposed the duty of ‘feeding guest and ganger for a night’ (ala gest ok ganganda), Dipl. i. 169, 174; or, þar er ekki gesta eldi skylt ( it is not required to feed guests), ala hvern at ósekju er vill, 200; ala þurfa-menn ok þá er fara skylda-erinda, 201, cp. 273 passim:—gener. a visitor, guest: gesta-eldi, n. shelter for guests, D. I. (vide above): gesta-fluga, u, f. a guest-fly, a moth, Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 558: gesta-herbergi, n. a ‘guest-harbour,’ hostel, inn, Gr. καταλύμα, Luke ii. 7: gesta-hús, n. a guest-room, Sturl. i. 216, ii. 191: gesta-koma, u, f., gesta-nauð, n. a coming, crowding of guests: gesta-maðr, m. a guest-man (bishops had a special servant so called), Bs. i. 850, 876: gesta-rúm, n. a guest-bed: gesta-skáli, a, m. a guest-chamber, Hom. 36: gesta-spjót, n. pl., a cat is said to raise the ‘guest-spears’ when it lies on its back and cleans itself with its hind legs, which is a token that a stranger is at hand, Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 558.III. as pr. names, Landn., freq.; also in compds, Þor-gestr, Heim-gestr, Goð-gestr, Hleva-gastir on the Golden horn (Bugge’s reading), and Gr. Ξενο-φών, Ξενο-φάνης. Gestr is a name of Odin = the Traveller, Edda, Vþm., Gm., Hervar. S. ch. 15 (Gestum-blindi). It is curious to notice that whereas with the Romans hostis came to mean a foe, with the Teutons (as with the Gr. ξένος) the equivalent word became a term of friendship, used of a friend staying at one’s house. -
2 AULANDI
an indecl. adj., qs. al-landi, an απ. λεγ. in the proverb Nj. 10, illt er þeim er au. er alinn. [The root is prob. al- (Lat. alius), land, cp. A. S. ellend or elland (Hel. elilendi), alienus, peregrinus; Old Engl. alyant; O. H. G. alilanta (whence N. H. G. elend, miser): there is in Icel. also a form erlendr, prob. a corruption for ellendr. This root is quite lost in the Scandin. idioms with the single exception of the proverb mentioned above, and the altered form er-.] The MSS. of the Nj. l. c. differ; some of them have á úlandi in two words, in terra malâ; Johnsonius has not made out the meaning: the proper sense seems to be exul ubique infelix. In olden times peregrinus and miser were synonymous, the first in a proper, the last in a metaphorical sense: so the Lat. hostis (= hospes) passed into the sense of enemy. The spelling with ö (ölandi) ought perhaps to be preferred, although the change of vowel cannot be easily accounted for.
См. также в других словарях:
HOSTIS — vett. Latinis peregrinus et hospes est. D. Ambros. Offic. l. 1. c. 29. Denique etiam adversarios molli Veteres appellatione nominabant, ut peregrinos vocarent Hostes enim antiquo ritu peregrint dicebantur. Quemadmodum βάρβαρος Spartianis ξένος… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
Hostis — (lat.), 1) Fremder; 2) Feind … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Hostis — • Hostis, так назывался первоначально peregrinus или чужестранец, потому что тогда отношения между римскими гражданами и чужестранцами было гораздо суровее. Чужестранец и враг было одно и то же. Cic. off. 1, 12. Varro l. l. 5, 1, 4.… … Реальный словарь классических древностей
hostis — obs. form of hostess n … Useful english dictionary
Hostis humani generis — (Latin for enemy of mankind ) is a legal term of art, originating from the admiralty law, and referring to the peculiar status, before the public international law, of maritime pirates, since time immemorial, and slavers, since the 18th century.… … Wikipedia
Hostis Herodes impie — Datei:A solis ortus.jpg A solis ortus cardine, frühchristliche Melodie, Druck des 16. Jahrhunderts A solis ortus cardine (Vom Tor des Sonnenaufgangs) ist ein lateinisches Gedicht von Caelius Sedulius († um 450). Es besingt in 23 vierzeiligen… … Deutsch Wikipedia
hostis humani generis — noun enemy of mankind Like the pirate and the slaver before him, contemporary humanitarian law judges the war criminal as hostis humani generis, an enemy of all mankind subject to universal punishment … Wiktionary
Vincent L'Hostis (Réalisateur) — Vincent L Hostis Vincent L Hostis réalisateur français né le 23 mars 1978 à Poissy (Yvelines). Tirant un trait tour à tour sur une carrière de livreur de pizzas puis de déménageur amorcée en Bretagne où il a grandit, Vincent L Hostis débute en… … Wikipédia en Français
Vincent L'Hostis — Vincent L Hostis, né le 23 mars 1978 à Poissy (Yvelines), est un réalisateur français. Sommaire 1 Biographie 2 Filmographie sélective 3 Liens externes … Wikipédia en Français
L'Hostis — Nom porté en Bretagne (22), rencontré parfois sous la forme L Hostic. Semble correspondre au français Lhôte, Lhoste : celui qui tient une hôtellerie, une auberge … Noms de famille
Heu facinus: non est hostis metuendus amanti;… — См. Избави мя, Боже, от друзей, а с врагами я и сам справлюсь … Большой толково-фразеологический словарь Михельсона (оригинальная орфография)
