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1 TURN
(transitive) quer-, attested as pa.t. quernë (VT49:20). Also with prefix nan- “back”, attested in the plural passive participle nanquernë “turned back” (sg. *nanquerna; compare nuquerna, see REVERSED). (VT49:17, 18, 20). *TURNED WESTWARD númenquerna (VT49:18, 20). English intransitive “to turn” requires a reflexive pronoun in Quenya: mo quernë immo *“one turned oneself” (VT49:6), in idiomatic English simply “one turned”. -
2 BACKWARDS
nan- (prefix), as in *nanquerna “turned back” –NDAN, VT49:20 -
3 BLEND
(noun) ostimë (pl. ostimi is attested). This term refers to a kind of "strengthened" elements within a stem, where a single sound has been expanded into two different elements while maintaining a unitary effect and significance; souch as s- being turned ito st-, or m being strengthened to mb. However, this may be the meaning of the word in linguistic terminology only; it may be permissible to use it for "blend" in more general senses as well. –VT39:9 -
4 FIRST
minya (cf. Minyar "Firsts", the first clan among the Elves), inga (this is also a noun "top"), *yesta (but this is a noun “beginning” according to a later source, PE17:120), FIRSTBORN (= the Elves) Minnónar, sg. \#Minnóna. (*Yesta is emended from the actual reading esta; see BEGINNING. For FIRSTBORN, Etym has Estanessi, which would similarly become *Yestanessi, but this word is propably obsoleted by the later [TLT] form Minnónar. Writers should use the latter word.) FIRST-BEGOTTEN Minyon (a personal name. The element yon, translated "begotten", may be a reduced form of yondo "son". Alternatively, and perhaps more likely, Minyon may be the adjective minya "first" turned into a masculine name by adding the masculine ending -on. In that case, the literal meaning is simply *"First One". But it is possible that on is actually derived from the stem ONO "beget", and that "First-begotten" really is the literal meaning.) FIRST FINGER lepetas (evidently lepetass-) (index finger), also tassa –MIN/Silm:434/WJ:420, ING, ESE, WJ:403, VT47:10, VT48:5 -
5 GREAT
túra (big), hoa (large), (great in size:) alta (large) (The form alat- is used in compounds when the next word has an initial vowel, as in Alatairë. Tolkien's gloss of alta, alat- was actually illegible, and I give the root meaning of the stem ÁLAT. The meaning of the Quenya word cannot differ too widely from it, for Alatairë is said to correspond to "Noldorin" Belegoer [in LotR-style Sindarin Belegaer], The Great Sea.) – An early [TLT] word for "great", velicë, is possibly obsolete in LotR-style Quenya: In LT1:254 velicë is said to correspond to Gnomish beleg, but according to LR:352 the stem from which beleg is derived is "not found in Q[uenya]". In post-LotR material the words velca, velcë briefly turned up, apparently meaning “large, great, big”, but Tolkien rejected these forms as well.) –PE17:115, ÁLAT, cf. BEL, cf. Silm:428, LT1:254 -
6 REVERSED
nuquerna (literally *”under-turned”) –LotR:1157 -
7 ROAD
tëa (straight line) (note: not to be confused with the verb tëa- "indicate"), ROAD IN SEA londë (entrance to harbour, translated "haven" in Alqualondë Haven of the Swans, UT:417; the additional gloss "fairway" turned up in VT45:28), tië (path, course, direction, way), \#vanda (isolated form Qualvanda "Road of Death" in LT1:264; cf. vand- "way, path" on the same page) –TEÑ, LOD/VT45:28, TE3/RGEO:67, LT1:264 -
8 WEST
númen (so in Etym and LotR; Númen is capitalized in UT:305. According to VT45:38 the form núme- also occurs in Tolkien's Etym manuscript, and númë is attested in LT1:263 as well), andúnë (sunset, evening); WESTWARD númenna; WESTERN númenya; adj. IN THE WEST númëa; WESTLAND see WESTERNESSE; WESTLANDS Andustar (a region in Númenor) "WEST-WINGS" (the name of a ship) Númerrámar. TURNED WESTWARD númenquerna –LotR:1157/NDŪ, Nam, UT:305, Silm:428, LT1:263, UT:165, 419, UT:175, 458, VT49:18, 20, 22
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