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81 anta-
1 vb. "give" ANAsup1/sup, MC:215, 221, pa.t. antanë antanen I gave, VT49:14 or ánë, perfect ánië PE17:147, cf. QL:31. According to VT49:14, Tolkien noted that anta- was sometimes often with an ironic tone to refer to missiles, so that antanen hatal sena I gave him a spear as a present was often used with the real sense of I cast a spear at him. Usually the recipient of the thing given is mentioned in the dative or allative case like sena in this example, but there is also a construction similar to English present someone with something in which the recipient is the object and the gift appears in the instrumental case: antanenyes parmanen, I presented him with a book PE17:91. The verb occurs several times in FS: antalto"they gave"; strangely, no past tense marker seems to be present see -lto for the ending; antar a pl. verb translated "they gave", though in LotR-style Quenya it would rather be the present tense "give" pl.; antaróta "he gave it" anta-ró-ta "gave-he-it", another verb occurring in Fíriel's Song, once again with no past tense marker. Also antáva "will give", future tense of anta- "give"; read perhaps *antuva in LotR-style Quenya; similarly antaváro "he will give" LR:63 might later have appeared as *antuvas with the ending -s rather than Qenya -ro for he. Antalë imperative "give thou" VT43:17, sc. anta "give" + the element le "thou", but this was a form Tolkien abandoned. Apparently ana was at one point considered as another imperative give, but Tolkien rewrote the text in question VT44:13, and the normal patterns would suggest *á anta with an independent imperative particle. -
82 Nómesseron
pl. noun in genitive: a compound "of place-names", apparently an inflected compound consisting of \#nómë "place" + a genitive plural \#esseron "of names" VT42:17; we might have expected *ession, since essi rather than ?esser as the nominative plural of essë "name" is attested both in PM:339 and MR:470 -
83 alcantaméren
"k"vb. "made it shine" with a fem.pl. subject; the ending -ren probably means "they" of women, but the ending does not have to be translated here MC:216; this is "Qenya" -
84 loctë
"k" noun "blossom of flowers in bunches or clusters" LT1:258; this would have to become *lohtë in LotR-style Quenya -
85 vendë
wendë noun "maiden" WEN/WENED, VT45:16, "virgin" in Tolkien's translations of Catholic prayers where the reference is to Mary; see VT44:10, 18. The form Véndë in VT44:10 seems abnormal; normally Quenya does not have a long vowel in front of a consonant cluster. -
86 -nen
instrumental ending pl. -inen, dual -nten, partitive pl. -línen. Attested in ambartanen, lírinen, lintieryanen, súrinen, parmanen; see ambar \#2, lírë, lintië, súrë, parma. Tolkien noted that most nouns have an instrumental in -nen PE17:62, a wording suggesting that the form of the ending may vary; given the normal development ln ld, it is possible that it would appear as *-den when added to a noun in -l *macilden with a sword. -
87 ni
1 1st person sg. pron. "I" according to PE17:68 also me as object, with long vowel ní when stressed VT49:51, cf. ní nauva next to nauvan for *I will be VT49:19, the former wording emphasizing the pronoun. The pronoun ni represents the original stem-form VT49:50. Dative nin "for me, to me" Arct, Nam, RGEO:67, VT41:11/15. Compare the reflexive pronoun imni, imnë *"myself" and the emphatic pronoun inyë, q.v. The ancient element ni is said to have implied, originally, this by me, of my ?concern VT49:37 -
88 carva
noun "womb" isolated from carvalyo "of thy womb" VT43:31; Tolkien seems to have abandoned this form in favour of \#móna, q.v. -
89 mixa
"ks" adj. "wet" MISK; later sources have néna, nenya -
90 us-
vb. "escape" given in the form usin "he escapes" in LT1:251; this would have to mean "I escape" if the word is to be adopted to Tolkien's later Quenya. Cf. uswë. -
91 cal-
vb. "shine", future tense caluva "k" "shall shine" UT:22 cf. 51. Compare also early "Qenya" cala- "k""shine" LT1:254. It is possible that the verbal stem should have a final -a in later Quenya as well, since this vowel would not appear in the future tense caluva compare valuvar as the pl. future tense of vala-, WJ:404. -
92 pen-
vb. negative of \#sam- to have q.v., used as a negative answer to inquires on ownership: penin no / I haven't PE17:173 -
93 sovo-
vb. wash read perhaps \#sov- if the verb is to be adapted to LotR-style Quenya, since Tolkiens later versions of the language do not seem to have o-stem verbs, pa.t. sóvë QL:86 -
94 arya
1 adj. excelling, used as the comparative form of mára good, hence *better PE17:57. The superlative *best is i arya with the article, with genitive to express *the best of Cf. mára. 3 noun "twelve hours, day" ARsup1/sup; compare aurë. In deleted notes this word was also used as an adjective: "of the day, light" VT45:6. Still according to VT45:6, arya is also the name of Tengwa \#26 in the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, but Tolkien would later call \#26 arda instead indeed arya was changed from arda in the source; Tolkien would later change his mind back again. The abandoned name arya suggests that the letter was to have the value ry rather than rd as in the classical system outlined in LotR Appendix E. Since the word for day daylight period is given as aurë in later sources, and arya is assigned other meanings in late material see \#1, 2 above, the conceptual validity of arya day is questionable.% -
95 pol-
1 vb. "can" = have physical power and ability, as in polin quetë "I can speak because mouth and tongue are free". Cf. ista-, lerta- as verbs "can" with somewhat different shades of meaning. VT41:6, PE17:181 -
96 maca-
"k" vb. "to forge metal" which rang at the stokes of hammers. VT41:10; in this source this is suggested as the origin of the word macil "sword", but mac- above would also seem to be relevant, so Tolkien may have changed his mind about the precise etymology of macil. -
97 handa
1 adj. "understanding, intelligent" KHAN 2 noun "chair"; the reading is uncertain and the word was in any case deleted VT45:20. In the Etymologies, Tolkien likewise abandoned the root KHAD from which this word was derived, but he may seem to have restored this root later see har-. -
98 Tar-culu
"k", name listed in the Etymologies but not elsewhere attested. The second element is apparently culu "gold" a word Tolkien seems to have abandoned; Hostetter and Wynne suggest that this may be an alternative name of Tar-Calion = Ar-Pharazôn "the Golden"; see VT45:24. -
99 aulë
1 noun "invention" GAWA/GOWO; evidently connected to or associated with Aulë, name of the Vala of craft GAWA/GOWO, TAN, spouse of Yavanna; the name is adopted and adapted from Valarin WJ:399 2 adj. "shaggy" LT1:249; this "Qenya" word may have been obsoleted by \# 1 above -
100 -ndil
ending that Tolkien likened to Old English "-wine", sc. "-friend" as part of names, e.g. Elendil, Eärendil NIL/NDIL; see the entry -ndil. Also long -dildo VT46:4, and possibly -ndilmë as the corresponding feminine form see Vardilmë. also -dil ending occurring in many names, like Amandil, Eärendil; it implies devotion or disinterested love and may be translated "friend" SA:noundil; this ending is "describing the attitude of one to a person, thing, course or occupation to which one is devoted for its own sake" Letters:386. Compare -ndur. It is unclear whether the names derived with the ending -ndil are necessarily masculine, though we have no certain example of a woman's name in -ndil; the name Vardilmë q.v. may suggest that the corresponding feminine ending is -ndilmë.
См. также в других словарях:
hâve — hâve … Dictionnaire des rimes
have — [ weak əv, həv, strong hæv ] (3rd person singular has [ weak əz, həz, strong hæz ] ; past tense and past participle had [ weak əd, həd, strong hæd ] ) verb *** Have can be used in the following ways: as an auxiliary verb in perfect tenses of… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
have — [hav; ] also, as before [ “] to [ haf] vt. had [had; ] unstressed [, həd, əd] having [ME haven (earlier habben) < OE habban, akin to OHG haben, ON hafa, Goth haban < IE base * kap , to grasp > Gr kaptein, to gulp down, L capere, to take … English World dictionary
Have — (h[a^]v), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Had} (h[a^]d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Having}. Indic. present, I {have}, thou {hast}, he {has}; we, ye, they {have}.] [OE. haven, habben, AS. habben (imperf. h[ae]fde, p. p. geh[ae]fd); akin to OS. hebbian, D. hebben,… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
have — (h[a^]v), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Had} (h[a^]d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Having}. Indic. present, I {have}, thou {hast}, he {has}; we, ye, they {have}.] [OE. haven, habben, AS. habben (imperf. h[ae]fde, p. p. geh[ae]fd); akin to OS. hebbian, D. hebben,… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
have — (h[a^]v), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Had} (h[a^]d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Having}. Indic. present, I {have}, thou {hast}, he {has}; we, ye, they {have}.] [OE. haven, habben, AS. habben (imperf. h[ae]fde, p. p. geh[ae]fd); akin to OS. hebbian, D. hebben,… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
hâve — [ av ] adj. • 1548; frq. °haswa « gris comme le lièvre » ♦ Amaigri et pâli par la faim, la fatigue, la souffrance. ⇒ émacié, 1. maigre. Gens hâves et déguenillés. Visage, teint hâve. ⇒ blafard, blême. ⊗ CONTR. 1. Frais, replet. hâve adj. Litt.… … Encyclopédie Universelle
have — 1. For the type ☒ No state has λ or can adopt such measures, see ellipsis 3. 2. In a sentence of the type Some Labour MPs would have preferred to have wound up the Session before rising, the present infinitive is preferable, i.e. Some Labour MPs… … Modern English usage
have — ► VERB (has; past and past part. had) 1) possess, own, or hold. 2) experience; undergo: have difficulty. 3) be able to make use of. 4) (have to) be obliged to; must. 5) perform the action indicated by the noun … English terms dictionary
have — (v.) O.E. habban to own, possess; be subject to, experience, from P.Gmc. *haben (Cf. O.N. hafa, O.S. hebbjan, O.Fris. habba, Ger. haben, Goth. haban to have ), from PIE *kap to grasp (see CAPABLE (Cf. capable)). Not related to L … Etymology dictionary
have — have, hold, own, possess, enjoy are comparable when they mean to keep, control, retain, or experience as one s own. Have is the most general term and in itself carries no implication of a cause or reason for regarding the thing had as one s own… … New Dictionary of Synonyms
