-
61 enquë
"q" cardinal "six" ÉNEK, VT48:4, 6, 9, VT49:57; enquëa ordinal "sixth" VT42:25; see also enquië. According to VT48:8, the word for "six" may have been encë "k" in very early Quenya the form is asterisked by Tolkien, but this was altered to enquë under the influence of yunquë "twelve" perceived as meaning "2 times 6", *yú-enquë, with the prefix yú- "twi-". -
62 inwis
noun change of mind, mood. A following, bracketed form inwissi is either the plural, the ancestral form or a variant PE17:191; cf. inwisti. Likely, inwis is to have the stem inwiss- before endings alternatively inwist-, see inwisti below, and compare the verb vista- to change. -
63 voro
adv. "ever" BOR, LT1:250, 273 only voro in the Etymologies; also in Narqelion adv. "ever, continually" BOR, Narqelion Compare vor. Focusing on the gloss "continually", post-Tolkien writers have sometimes used voro for "still, yet", but for this sense the term en is available. The variants vora, vorë were used for "always" in drafts for a Quenya version of the Sub Tuum Praesidium, but Tolkien eventually replaced such forms with the unrelated word illumë VT44:9. Compare vórë, vórëa. -
64 lye
pron. thou/thee, you, 2nd person sg. formal/polite corresponding to familiar/intimatetye, q.v. VT49:36 It seems the original stem-form was le VT49:50, distinct from de as a plural you, but when initial d became l and the forms threatened to fall together, le was apparently altered to lye by analogy with the ending -lyë and the emphatic pronoun elyë. Stressed lyé VT49:51. For lye as object, cf. nai Eru lye mánata God bless you VT49:39. Allative lyenna *to you, upon you VT49:40-41. Compare the reflexive pronoun imlë *"yourself, thyself", q.v. it did not have to be *imlyë, for the corresponding pl. pronoun indë yourselves is distinct anyhow. -
65 hlar-
verb "hear", future tense hlaruva "shall hear" in Markirya. Since the original root is SLAS, this verb may have the past tense *hlassë for slansē in more classical forms of Quenya, perhaps re-formed as *hlarnë or *hlarrë, for hlazze in spoken Noldorin Quenya. Compare \#hriz- snow root SRIS with past tense hrinsë/hrissë, as well as Tolkien's remarks in PE19:99. -
66 ye
1 singular personal relative pronoun "who", maybe also object "whom" plural form i. Compare the impersonal form ya. Also attested in the genitive and the ablative cases: yëo and yello, both translated "from whom" though the former would also mean *"whose, of whom". VT47:21 2 copula "is" FS, VT46:22; both earlier and later sources rather point to ná q.v. as the copula "is", so ye may have been an experiment Tolkien later abandoned. Future tense yéva, q.v. 3, also yé, prep. "as" VT43:16, struck out; in the text in question Tolkien finally settled on sívë, q.v. -
67 namba
noun "a hammer" NDAM, namba- vb. "to hammer" NDAM. According to VT45:37, Tolkien may have considered the alternative form lamba, but the source is obscure and lamba is assigned a quite different meaning "tongue" elsewhere. -
68 úro
noun "evil" VT43:24; Tolkien may have abandoned this form in favour of ulco, q.v. -
69 -s
1 3rd person sg. pronominal ending "he/him, she/her, it" VT49:48, 51, occurring in caris *he/she/it does VT49:16, PE17:129, caitas *it lies PE17:65, tentanes it pointed VT49:26, tulis *she comes VT49:19, eques q.v., anes see ná \#1, also in object position in camnelyes, caritas, caritalyas, melinyes, tiruvantes, and utúvienyes, q.v. Tolkien mentions -s as an objective ending for the 3rd person sg. in PE17:110. The longer form -së perhaps with personal meaning he, she only is said to be rare VT49:51; cf. násë he is, nésë he was see ná \#1. In nésë the ending is suggested to be shortened from -sse VT49:28, an ending that may also be attested in the untranslated verbal form tankassen PE17:76, where it is perhaps followed by a second pronominal ending -n *me. According to PE17:129, the 3rd person sg. ending at one stage appeared as -ze when pronominal affixes followed Tolkien citing the form carize-, e.g. apparently *carizet for he makes them; normally z would later become r, but it actually became historically: reverted to s by analogy with the short form caris as well as the independent pronoun se. Exilic Quenya would then evidently have e.g. *cariset for he makes them, with a rare example of intervocalic s that is not derived from older þ. 2 ending for the mysterious case sometimes called "respective", actually probably a shorter variant of the locative in -ssë. Pl. -is, dual -tes, partitive pl. -lis. -
70 Mairon
masc. name the Admirable cf. adj. maira, said to be the original name of Sauron, changed when he was suborned by Melkor, but he continued to call himself Mairon the Admirable, or Tar-mairon King Excellent, until after the downfall of Númenor PE17:183. Since Sauron had joined Melkor before the Elves came to Valinor and developed the Quenya language, we are perhaps to understand that Mairon is a translation by sense of Saurons original Valarin name, though Sauron himself may seem to have used the Elvish form in Middle-earth and on Númenor. -
71 cas
khead VT49:17, cf. also deleted cas "k" noun "top, summit" VT45:19. This noun should evidently have the stem-form car-. See cár. -
72 luhta-
1 vb. "to enchant" LUK, VT45:29 2 vb. "to bow" VT47:35; this intransitive verb can be distinguished from luhta- "enchant" above, since \#1 is transitive and will always have a direct object, something \#2 never has. -
73 ua-
negative verb not do, not be. If a verb is to be negated, ua coming before the verb receives any pronominal endings and presumably also any endings for plurality or duality, -r or -t, whereas the uninflected tense-stem of the verb follows: With the ending -n for I, one can thus have constructions like uan carë *I do not aorist, uan carnë *I did not past, uan cára *I am not doing present, uan caruva *I shall not do future. The verb ua- can itself be fully conjugated: \#ua aorist or present?, únë past, úva future, \#uië perfect the aorist and perfect are attested only with the ending -n I. In archaic Quenya these tense-forms could be combined with an uninflected aorist stem, e.g. future *úvan carë = later Quenya uan caruva, I shall not do. In later Quenya, only the forms ua present or aorist and occasionally the past tense form \#únë were used in normal prose únen *I did not, was not. PE17:144; compare FS for úva as a future-tense negative verb will not -
74 or-
vb. "urge, impel, move", only of "mental" impulse. Constructed as an impersonal verb: orë nin caritas "I would like/feel moved to do so" VT41:13, literally *"it impels for me to do so" notice that what is the subject in English appears in the dative in Quenya. Elsewhere this verb is presented as an A-stem ora- instead so that the aorist would be ora instead of orë, cf. ora nin "it warns me" in VT41:15, with past tense oranë or ornë, future tense oruva, present tense órëa and a form orië that may be the gerund; the forms orórië and ohórië were rejected but may have been intended as perfect forms VT41:13, 18, VT49:54 -
75 seldë
noun "child" meaning changed by Tolkien from "daughter"; in his later texts the Quenya word for "child" is rather hína, and the final status of seldë is uncertain. See also tindómerel. SEL-D, VT46:13, 22-23 In one late source, Tolkien reverts to the meaning daughter, but this may have been replaced by anel, q.v. -
76 helca
"k" adj. "icy, ice-cold" misprint "helk" in the Etymologies as printed in LR, entry KHELEK; both the Silmarillion Appendix and LT1:254 have helka, and VT45:21 finally confirmed that there is a final -a in Tolkien's Etymologies manuscript as well. In Helcar, the Inland Sea in the north-east of Middle-earth, and Helcaraxë, the Grinding Ice between Araman and Middle-earth SA; spelt "Helkarakse" in the Etymologies, stem KARAK -
77 winicë
also wincë, noun "baby", also used in children's play for "little finger" or "little toe" VT48:6. Synonyms winë, winimo. In Exilic Quenya, this word would appear as *vinicë, *vincë; compare the related word winya vinya "young, new". Since the diminutive ending -icë descends from -iki VT48:16, winicë may have the stem-form winici-. -
78 hóciri-
vb. "cut off" cut of a required portion, so as to have it or use it WJ:366, 368 Normal aorist probably *hócirë, present/continuative tense *hócíra, past tense *hócirnë -
79 lepincë
"k" noun "little finger" VT47:26, VT48:5; variant lepinca VT47:10. According to VT48:15, 18, lepincë is derived from older lepinki; if so the Quenya form should have the stem lepinci-. -
80 Úr-anar
noun, word occurring in Fíriel's Song, translated "the red sun"; actually the prefixed element úr- must have to do with the element ur- "heat, be hot" mentioned in the Silmarillion Appendix. Also compare Ûr as an early Qenya word for "the Sun".
См. также в других словарях:
hâve — hâve … Dictionnaire des rimes
have — [ weak əv, həv, strong hæv ] (3rd person singular has [ weak əz, həz, strong hæz ] ; past tense and past participle had [ weak əd, həd, strong hæd ] ) verb *** Have can be used in the following ways: as an auxiliary verb in perfect tenses of… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
have — [hav; ] also, as before [ “] to [ haf] vt. had [had; ] unstressed [, həd, əd] having [ME haven (earlier habben) < OE habban, akin to OHG haben, ON hafa, Goth haban < IE base * kap , to grasp > Gr kaptein, to gulp down, L capere, to take … English World dictionary
Have — (h[a^]v), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Had} (h[a^]d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Having}. Indic. present, I {have}, thou {hast}, he {has}; we, ye, they {have}.] [OE. haven, habben, AS. habben (imperf. h[ae]fde, p. p. geh[ae]fd); akin to OS. hebbian, D. hebben,… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
have — (h[a^]v), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Had} (h[a^]d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Having}. Indic. present, I {have}, thou {hast}, he {has}; we, ye, they {have}.] [OE. haven, habben, AS. habben (imperf. h[ae]fde, p. p. geh[ae]fd); akin to OS. hebbian, D. hebben,… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
have — (h[a^]v), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Had} (h[a^]d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Having}. Indic. present, I {have}, thou {hast}, he {has}; we, ye, they {have}.] [OE. haven, habben, AS. habben (imperf. h[ae]fde, p. p. geh[ae]fd); akin to OS. hebbian, D. hebben,… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
hâve — [ av ] adj. • 1548; frq. °haswa « gris comme le lièvre » ♦ Amaigri et pâli par la faim, la fatigue, la souffrance. ⇒ émacié, 1. maigre. Gens hâves et déguenillés. Visage, teint hâve. ⇒ blafard, blême. ⊗ CONTR. 1. Frais, replet. hâve adj. Litt.… … Encyclopédie Universelle
have — 1. For the type ☒ No state has λ or can adopt such measures, see ellipsis 3. 2. In a sentence of the type Some Labour MPs would have preferred to have wound up the Session before rising, the present infinitive is preferable, i.e. Some Labour MPs… … Modern English usage
have — ► VERB (has; past and past part. had) 1) possess, own, or hold. 2) experience; undergo: have difficulty. 3) be able to make use of. 4) (have to) be obliged to; must. 5) perform the action indicated by the noun … English terms dictionary
have — (v.) O.E. habban to own, possess; be subject to, experience, from P.Gmc. *haben (Cf. O.N. hafa, O.S. hebbjan, O.Fris. habba, Ger. haben, Goth. haban to have ), from PIE *kap to grasp (see CAPABLE (Cf. capable)). Not related to L … Etymology dictionary
have — have, hold, own, possess, enjoy are comparable when they mean to keep, control, retain, or experience as one s own. Have is the most general term and in itself carries no implication of a cause or reason for regarding the thing had as one s own… … New Dictionary of Synonyms
