harm

mălĕfĭcĭum, ĭi, n. [maleficus], an evil deed, misdeed, wickedness, offence, crime.

Lit.

In gen. (class.):

ne conscii sint ipsi malefici suis,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 21:

conscientia maleficiorum,

Cic. Phil. 5, 6, 15:

committere, admittere,

to commit, id. Rosc. Am. 22, 62:

exsilio multare,

id. Caecin. 34, 100:

supplicia pro maleficiis metuere,

id. Rosc. Am. 3, 8.—

In partic. (mostly post-Aug.).

Fraud, deception, adulteration:

me maleficio vinceres?

Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 20 Speng.; Quint. 7, 4, 36; Plin. 12, 25, 54, § 120.—

Enchantment, sorcery, Tac. A. 2, 69 Orell. N. cr.; App. M. 9, p. 230, 24; 231, 28; cf.

magica,

id. Mag. p. 278, 21; Schol. Juv. 6, 595.—

Transf., mischief, hurt, harm, injury, wrong inflicted (acc. to maleficus, II.):

pro maleficio beneficium reddere,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 22:

ab injuria et maleficio se prohibere,

Caes. B. G. 2, 28:

sine ullo maleficio,

id. ib. 1, 7; id. B. C. 2, 20:

novis corrumperent maleficiis,

Liv. 7, 20:

maleficii occasione omissa,

id. 9, 12 al. —Hence, transf. (abstr. pro concr.), a noxious insect, vermin:

ita non nasci maleficia,

Plin. 18, 30, 73, § 308; 8, 59, 84, § 229; 20, 13, 51, § 133.

nēquam, adj. indecl. [for ne-aequam, from aequus], worthless, good for nothing, wretched, vile, etc. (syn.: inutilis, pravus, vilis).

In gen.:

nequam esse oportet quoi, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 2, 20; id. Trin. 4, 4, 29:

piscis nequam est nisi recens,

id. As. 1, 3, 26; id. Trin. 2, 4, 38: enthymema nequam et vitiosum, faulty, defective, Tiro ap. Gell. 6 (7), 3, 27; Paul. ex Fest. p. 165 Müll.—

In partic., of character, worthless, vile, bad; opp. frugi (cf. nebulo), Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 53:

malus et nequam es,

id. As. 2, 2, 39:

nequam homo et indiligens,

id. Most. 1, 2, 23:

liberti nequam et improbi,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 45, 130:

nihil nequius est,

id. Pis. 27, 66:

quid est nequius aut turpius?

id. Tusc. 3, 17, 36:

nequior factus, jamst usus aedium,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 32:

homo nequissimus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 192; id. Att. 1, 16, 3.—So of licentious, dissolute persons:

juvenes nequam facilesque puellae,

Mart. 3, 69, 5.— Comp.:

nequior omnibus libellis,

id. 11, 15, 4.—As subst.: nē-quam, an injury, mischief, harm:

vin' tu illi nequam dare?

an injury, a mischief, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 31:

facere,

id. ib. 3, 3, 44:

nos nequam abs te habemus,

id. Truc. 1, 2, 60.—Hence, adv.: nēquĭter, worthlessly, wretchedly, badly, miserably, etc. (class.):

nequiter fricare genua,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 88; id. Am. 1, 3, 23:

turpiter et nequiter facere,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 36:

ille porro prave, nequiter, turpiter cenabat,

id. Fin. 2, 8, 25: si quā per voluptatem nequiter feceritis, voluptas cito abibit: nequiter factum illud apud vos semper manebit, Cato ap. Gell. 16, 1, 4.— Comp.:

utrum bellum susceptum sit nequius, an inconsultius gestum, dici non potest,

Liv. 41, 7; Mart. 10, 77, 1.— Sup.:

nequissime,

Plin. 12, 25, 54, § 121.

noxa, ae, f. [for noc-sa, from noc-eo, like rixa from ringor], hurt, harm, injury, which one does or suffers (v. Döderl. Synon. 2, p. 153 sqq.; not in Cic., but cf. noxia; syn.: injuria, contumelia).

Lit.: QVANDOQVE HICE HOMINES... NOXAM NOCVERVNT, an old fetial formula in Liv. 9, 10 fin.; so, too, perhaps, SI SERVVS FVRTVM FAXIT NOXAMVE NOCVIT, Fragm. XII. Tab. in Dig. 9, 4, 2, § 1 (al. NOXIAMVE):

servus, qui noxam nocuit,

Dig. 35, 2, 63:

si eadem (terra) ad noxam genuit aliqua,

injurious, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 158:

tristes pellere a foribus noxas,

Ov. F. 6, 129:

ab noxā curculionum conditas fruges defendere,

Col. 1, 6, 15:

nihil eam rem noxae faturam,

Liv. 34, 19:

rempublicam non extra noxam modo, sed etiam extra famam noxae conservandam esse,

id. 34, 61:

sine ullius noxā urbis,

id. 36, 21: prava incepta consultoribus noxae esse, Sall. Or. Phil. contr. Lep.:

sine ullā noxā,

Cels. 7, 26, 4:

veram noxam concipere,

i. e. sickness, Col. 12, 3, 7.—

Transf.

An injurious act, i. e. a fault, offence, crime, = delictum:

noxae appellatione omne delictum continetur,

Dig. 50, 16, 238, § 3:

aliquem tenere in noxā,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 71:

hic in noxā est,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 36:

in noxā esse,

Liv. 32, 26; 7, 4:

noxae damnatus,

id. 8, 35:

reus ejus noxae,

id. 5, 47:

capitalis,

id. 3, 55:

neve ea caedes capitalis noxae haberetur,

id. 3, 55: qui in furto aut in latrocinio aut aliquā noxā sint comprehensi, * Caes. B. G. 6, 16:

graviorem noxam fateri,

Ov. P. 2, 9, 72:

noxa caput sequitur,

Paul. Sent. 2, 31, 8 sq.; cf. also Paul. ex Fest. under noxia init. —

Punishment (not ante-Aug.;

most freq. in jurid. Lat.): noxam merere,

Liv. 8, 28, 8 Drak.:

aliquem noxā pecuniāque exsolvere,

id. 23, 14, 3; 2, 59, 6; 26, 29, 4:

noxae dedere aliquem,

to deliver one up for punishment, Dig. 4, 3, 9; so ib. 7, 1, 17, § 2; cf. ib. 9, 4, 19;

hence: mergi freto, satius illi insulae (Siciliae) esse, quam velut dedi noxae inimico,

Liv. 26, 29, 4; and:

rem rusticam pessimo cuique servorum, ut carnifici noxae dedimus,

Col. 1 prooem.:

quod ajunt aediles: noxā solutus non sit (servus) sic intellegendum est, ut non hoc debeat pronuntiari, nullam eum noxam commisisse, sed illud, noxā solutum esse, hoc est noxali judicio subjectum non esse: ergo si noxam commisit nec permanet, noxā solutus videtur,

Dig. 21, 1, 17, § 17: non noxae eximitur Q. Fabius, qui contra edictum imperatoris pugnavit;

sed, noxae damnatus, donatur populo Romano,

Liv. 8, 35, 5:

noxae accipere aliquem,

to receive one for the purpose of punishing him, Dig. 7, 1, 17, § 2.— —

Concr., that which commits an offence, an offender, criminal (jurid. Lat.): noxa est corpus, quod nocuit, id est servus;

noxia ipsum maleficium, veluti furtum, damnum, rapina, injuria,

Just. Inst. 4, 8, 1:

aut noxiam sarcire aut noxam dedere oportet,

the guilty thing, Dig. 9, 1, 1, § 11; so,

noxae deditio,

ib. 9, 4, 4.

noxĭus, a, um, adj. ( comp. noxior, Sen. Clem. 1, 13, 2 dub.; al. obnoxior.— Sup. noxissimus or noxiissimus, Sen. Clem. 1, 26, 3 dub.; better, noxiosissimus) [id.].

Hurtful, harmful, injurious, noxious (used by Cic. only in archaic lang.; v. the foll.):

MAGISTRATVS NECOBEDIENTEM ET NOXIVM CIVEM MVLTA COERCETO,

Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 6 (araneus) aculeo noxius, Plin. 9, 48, 72, § 155:

afflatus maris (opp. utiles),

id. 17, 4, 2, § 24:

tela,

Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 22:

terrae halitus,

Quint. 7, 2, 3:

lingua,

Mart. 2, 61, 7:

aves,

rapacious, id. 10, 5, 12:

crimina,

Verg. A. 7, 326. —

Guilty, culpable, criminal: dictum oportuit. Lys. Non possum, ita instas;

urges quasi pro noxio,

Plaut. Merc. 4, 3, 25:

nobilitas,

Sall. J. 42:

qui citati non affuerant, noxios judicavit,

Liv. 39, 41: corda, Ov. M. 10, 351:

omnibus omnium rerum noxior,

Sen. Clem. 1, 13, 2: reducto comā capite, ceu noxii solent, culprits, criminals (esp. those condemned to be thrown to wild beasts), Suet. Vit. 17; id. Calig. 27; id. Claud. 34; id. Ner. 12.—

With abl.:

Falisci, eodem noxii crimine,

Liv. 7, 20, 9. —

With gen.:

noxius conjurationis,

Tac. A. 5, 11:

facinoris,

Dig. 29, 5, 3, § 12.— Esp. as subst.: noxĭa, ae, f., hurt, harm, damage, injury (class.; syn. noxa).

Lit.: noxia, ut Serv. Sulpicius Rufus ait, damnum significat, apud poëtas autem et oratores ponitur pro culpā, at noxa peccatum, aut pro peccato poenam, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Müll.:

in re incipiundā ad defendendam noxiam,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 48:

si ab eo fides sibi data esset, haud futurum noxiae futurum,

Liv. 8, 18, 4:

sive ullius eorum quos oderat noxia,

id. 41, 23, 14:

veneficiorum noxia,

Plin. 21, 17, 68, § 108:

vini,

id. 14, 16, 19, § 100.—

Transf., an injurious act, a fault, offence, trespass:

noxa est corpus, quod nocuit id est servus: noxia ipsum maleficium, veluti furtum, damnum, rapina, injuria,

Just. Inst. 4, 8, 1:

Tranioni remitte, quaeso, hanc noxiam causā meā,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 47:

manufestum teneo in noxiā,

id. Merc. 4, 3, 31:

noxiā carere,

id. Bacch. 4, 9, 87:

noxiis vacuum esse,

id. Merc. 5, 4, 23:

in noxiā esse,

id. ib. 4, 3, 30:

amicum castigare ob meritam noxiam,

id. Trin. 1, 1, 1 and 4:

quod in minimis noxiis et in his levioribus peccatis id primum quaeritur, quae causa maleficii fuerit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 62:

si qua clades incidisset, desertori magis, quam deserto noxiae fore,

the blame would fall on, Liv. 10, 19: metum prorsus et noxiam conscientiae pro foedere haberi, fear and guilt served the participants as an agreement, i. e. brought them to an agreement, Tac. A. 6, 4. —Hence, adv.: noxĭē (post-class.), injuriously, perniciously:

multos petulca confoderat,

Sulp. Sev. Dial. 2, 9; Aug. Conf. 1, 7.

noxĭus, a, um, adj. ( comp. noxior, Sen. Clem. 1, 13, 2 dub.; al. obnoxior.— Sup. noxissimus or noxiissimus, Sen. Clem. 1, 26, 3 dub.; better, noxiosissimus) [id.].

Hurtful, harmful, injurious, noxious (used by Cic. only in archaic lang.; v. the foll.):

MAGISTRATVS NECOBEDIENTEM ET NOXIVM CIVEM MVLTA COERCETO,

Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 6 (araneus) aculeo noxius, Plin. 9, 48, 72, § 155:

afflatus maris (opp. utiles),

id. 17, 4, 2, § 24:

tela,

Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 22:

terrae halitus,

Quint. 7, 2, 3:

lingua,

Mart. 2, 61, 7:

aves,

rapacious, id. 10, 5, 12:

crimina,

Verg. A. 7, 326. —

Guilty, culpable, criminal: dictum oportuit. Lys. Non possum, ita instas;

urges quasi pro noxio,

Plaut. Merc. 4, 3, 25:

nobilitas,

Sall. J. 42:

qui citati non affuerant, noxios judicavit,

Liv. 39, 41: corda, Ov. M. 10, 351:

omnibus omnium rerum noxior,

Sen. Clem. 1, 13, 2: reducto comā capite, ceu noxii solent, culprits, criminals (esp. those condemned to be thrown to wild beasts), Suet. Vit. 17; id. Calig. 27; id. Claud. 34; id. Ner. 12.—

With abl.:

Falisci, eodem noxii crimine,

Liv. 7, 20, 9. —

With gen.:

noxius conjurationis,

Tac. A. 5, 11:

facinoris,

Dig. 29, 5, 3, § 12.— Esp. as subst.: noxĭa, ae, f., hurt, harm, damage, injury (class.; syn. noxa).

Lit.: noxia, ut Serv. Sulpicius Rufus ait, damnum significat, apud poëtas autem et oratores ponitur pro culpā, at noxa peccatum, aut pro peccato poenam, Paul. ex Fest. p. 174 Müll.:

in re incipiundā ad defendendam noxiam,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 48:

si ab eo fides sibi data esset, haud futurum noxiae futurum,

Liv. 8, 18, 4:

sive ullius eorum quos oderat noxia,

id. 41, 23, 14:

veneficiorum noxia,

Plin. 21, 17, 68, § 108:

vini,

id. 14, 16, 19, § 100.—

Transf., an injurious act, a fault, offence, trespass:

noxa est corpus, quod nocuit id est servus: noxia ipsum maleficium, veluti furtum, damnum, rapina, injuria,

Just. Inst. 4, 8, 1:

Tranioni remitte, quaeso, hanc noxiam causā meā,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 47:

manufestum teneo in noxiā,

id. Merc. 4, 3, 31:

noxiā carere,

id. Bacch. 4, 9, 87:

noxiis vacuum esse,

id. Merc. 5, 4, 23:

in noxiā esse,

id. ib. 4, 3, 30:

amicum castigare ob meritam noxiam,

id. Trin. 1, 1, 1 and 4:

quod in minimis noxiis et in his levioribus peccatis id primum quaeritur, quae causa maleficii fuerit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 62:

si qua clades incidisset, desertori magis, quam deserto noxiae fore,

the blame would fall on, Liv. 10, 19: metum prorsus et noxiam conscientiae pro foedere haberi, fear and guilt served the participants as an agreement, i. e. brought them to an agreement, Tac. A. 6, 4. —Hence, adv.: noxĭē (post-class.), injuriously, perniciously:

multos petulca confoderat,

Sulp. Sev. Dial. 2, 9; Aug. Conf. 1, 7.

ob-dūco, xi, ctum ( inf. perf. sync. obduxe, Arg. ad Plaut. Merc. 7), 3, v. a., to lead or draw before, lead or conduct against or towards, to draw or bring forward or around, draw over (class. and very freq.; syn.: obtendo, obtego).

Lit.:

ad oppidum exercitum,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 1, 13: vim Gallicam obduc contra in acie, Att. ap. Non. 224, 13:

Curium,

Cic. Att. 1, 1, 2: ab utroque latere collis transversam fossam obduxit, drew forward, drew, made, or extended a trench, Caes. B. G. 2, 8:

vela,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 21: vestem, to draw on or over, Tac. A. 4, 70; Curt. 6, 5, 27:

seram,

to draw, close, fasten, Prop. 5, 5, 48:

callum,

to draw over, Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 3.—

Transf.

To cover by drawing over; to cover over, overspread, surround, envelop:

trunci obducuntur libro, aut cortice,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

operimento,

id. Leg. 2, 22, 56; Verg. E. 1, 49:

vultus, of the sun,

Ov. M. 2, 330:

caput,

Luc. 9, 109:

semina cortice,

Plin. 19, 7, 36, § 119:

obducta cicatrix,

a closed, healed scar, Cic. Agr. 3, 2, 4; Curt. 8, 10, 31:

obductā nocte,

overcast, cloudy, dark, Nep. Hann. 5, 2; Curt. 8, 13, 25.—

To close, shut up ( poet.):

obducta penetralia Phoebi,

Luc. 5, 67:

fores,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 1548. mors oculos coepit obducere, Petr. S. 19.—

To draw in, drink down, swallow:

venenum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 40, 96:

potionem,

Sen. Prov. 3, 12: pultarium mulsi, to drink up, Petr. 42.—

To swallow up, overwhelm:

uti eos, eum exercitum, eos hostes, eosque homines, urbes agrosque eorum... obducatis (an imprecation to the gods below),

Macr. S. 3, 9, 10.—

To contract, wrinkle, knit the brow:

obductā solvatur fronte senectus,

Hor. Epod. 13, 5:

frontem,

Juv. 9, 2:

vultum,

Sen. Cons. ad Marc. 1, 5.—

To injure, harm (late Lat.):

stomachum,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 3, 2, 28.—

To bring home in opposition or rivalry to another:

eum putat uxor sibi Obduxe scortum,

Plaut. Merc. Arg. 1, 7.—

Trop.

To draw or spread over: obsidionem, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 198 Müll. (Trag. v. 11 Vahl.):

clarissimis rebus tenebras obducere,

i. e. to darken, obscure, Cic. Ac. 2, 6, 16:

paulatim tenebris sese obducentibus,

Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 143.—

Transf.

To cover, conceal:

obductus verbis dolor,

Verg. A. 10, 64:

obductos rescindere luctus,

Ov. M. 12, 543:

rei publicae obducere cicatricem,

Cic. Leg. Agr. 3, 2, 4.—

Qs., to draw out, i. e. to pass, spend time:

itaque obduxi posterum diem,

Cic. Att. 16, 6, 1.

prae-jūdĭcĭum, ii, n.

Lit., a preceding judgment, sentence, or decision, a precedent (class.):

praejudiciorum vis omnis tribus in generibus versatur: rebus, quae aliquando ex paribus causis sunt judicatae, quae exempla rectius dicuntur: judiciis ad ipsam causam pertinentibus: unde etiam nomen ductum est: aut cum de eādem causā pronuntiatum est, etc.,

Quint. 5, 2, 1:

de quo non praejudicium, sed plane judicium jam factum putatur,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 4, 12 (praejudicium dicitur res, quae cum statuta fuerit, affert judicaturis exemplum, quod sequantur:

judicium autem res, quae causam litemque determinat, Ascon.): apud eosdem judices reus est factus, cum is duobus praejudiciis jam damnatus esset,

Cic. Clu. 22, 59:

praejudicium a se de capite C. Verris per hoc judicium nolle fieri,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 65, § 152; cf. id. Mur. 28, 60; id. Inv. 2, 20, 59 sq.:

Cicero pro Milone non ante narravit, quam praejudiciis omnibus reum liberavit,

from all preceding judgments, Quint. 6, 5, 10:

postulavit, ne cognitioni Caesaris praejudicium fieret,

preceding judgment, precedent, Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 6.—

Transf.

Any thing that precedes another thing in such manner that we can judge or conclude from it what is further to happen, a precedent, example: Pompeius nullo proelio pulsus, vestri facti praejudicio demotus Italiā excessit, by the example of your conduct (which he feared would be imitated), Caes. B. C. 2, 32:

an Africi belli praejudicia sequimini?

id. ib. fin.:

orabat ut se praejudicio juvarem,

Plin. Ep. 5, 1, 2:

statim quaestor ejus in praejudicium aliquot criminibus arreptus est,

as an example of what was to happen to himself, Suet. Caes. 23.—

A damage, disadvantage, prejudice (post-class.):

praejudicium in patrem quaeri,

Sen. Ben. 4, 35, 2:

absque praejudicio,

Gell. 2, 2, 7:

neque enim alimentorum causa veritati facit praejudicium,

does no harm, Dig. 1, 6, 10:

sine ullo litis praejudicio,

ib. 26, 2, 27; Vulg. 1 Tim. 5, 21.—

A judicial examination previous to a trial:

quoties de hoc contenditur, an quis libertus sit, etc.,... redditur praejudicium,

Dig. 40, 14, 6:

patronus in praejudicio possessor esse videtur,

ib. 22, 3, 18.—

A decision made beforehand or before the proper time:

neminem praejudicium rei tantae afferre,

Liv. 3, 40.

scŏpŭlus, i, m., = skopelos, a projecting point of rock; a rock, cliff, crag, esp. a rock, shelf, ledge in the sea.

Lit. (mostly poet.; not in Cic., but v. infra, II.; cf.:

rupes, cautes), in the sea: ut pars (remigum) ad scopulos allisa interficeretur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 27 fin.; id. B. G. 3, 13; Poët. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 41, 166; Verg. G. 3, 261; id. A. 1, 145; 5, 270; Ov. M. 4, 524; 9, 592:

frequentes,

Juv. 13, 246:

vomentes aequor,

Luc. 6, 24:

immanes,

Ov. M. 14, 182; cf.

of a promontory,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 20; Ov. F. 4, 419:

scopuli errantes, of the Symplegades,

Val. Fl. 3, 621; 4, 681.—On land:

scopuli rupesque cavae,

Verg. G. 3, 253; id. A. 4, 445; 12, 531; Sil. 10, 263; Stat. Th. 7, 665; Val. Fl. 6, 632;

of the cavern of Cacus,

Verg. A. 8, 192:

scopulus Mavortis, of the Areopagus,

Ov. M. 6, 70:

his inmobilior scopulis, of a man hard to move,

id. ib. 13, 801:

scopulis surdior,

Hor. C. 3, 7, 21; cf.:

ferrum et scopulos gestare in corde,

Ov. M. 7, 33:

natus es e scopulis,

id. Tr. 3, 11, 3.—

Trop., a rock, = a difficulty, danger, harm, evil, etc. (freq. in Cic.; also commended by him as a figure): cum neque Musarum scopulos quisquam superarat, Enn. ap. Cic. Brut. 19, 76 (Ann. v. 223 Vahl.):

qui te ad scopulum e tranquillo inferat,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 8:

Syrtim patrimonii scopulum libentius dixerim,

Cic. de Or. 3, 41, 163:

nec tuas umquam rationes ad eos scopulos, appulisses, ad quos Sex. Titii afflictam navem et in quibus C. Deciani naufragium fortunarum videres,

id. Rab. Perd. 9, 25; id. de Or. 2, 37, 154; id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79:

in scopulos vitae incidere,

id. Consol. Fragm. 2, p. 489 Orell.:

(Piso et Gabinius) geminae voragines scopulique rei publicae,

id. Pis. 18, 41; cf. Flor. 4, 9, 1:

(Pompeius) Ille tremor Ponti et piratarum scopulus, Petr. poët. 123, 240: commeatum publicum in scopulos annonae impingere,

Quint. Decl. 12, 22:

cujus tribunal scopulus reorum dicebatur,

Val. Max. 3, 7, 9:

e scopulo cadere,

to be ruined, Amm. 30, 5, 10.

strĭga, ae, f. [stringo].

A row of grain or hay cut down, a swath, windrow, Col. 2, 18, 2; cf. Fest. s. h. v. pp. 314 and 315. —

A furrow drawn lengthwise of the field, Jul. Front. Agr. p. 38.—In a camp, the spaces between the squadrons, Charis. 1, p. 85 P.

strīga, ae, f. [1. strix], a woman that brings harm to children, a hag, witch, Petr. 63; cf. Fest. s. v. strigem, p. 314 Müll.: striga, gunê pharmakis, Gloss. Philox.