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1 erfiîleikar, hrakningar
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2 freka
f. rigour, se verity, harshness; með freku, harshly.* * *(mod. frekja), u, f. hardship, Fms. x. 402, v. l., xi. 99: in the phrase, með freku, harshly, with great hardship, Eb. 128, Ó. H. 92; með svá mikilli freku at, Fms. i. 34, iv. 85, viii. 64, 135, x. 401, xi. 268; með meiri freku en fyrr var vandi til, Bs. i. 706; ánauð ok íllar frekur, Fms. vii. 75, v. l. -
3 harðindi
n. pl.1) hardness;2) hardship, severity.* * *n. pl. hardness; harðindi hafða ek þar í hendi því at bein er hart, Bs. i. 874.II. metaph. hardship, severity, K. Á. 54, Sks. 351, Fms. i. 220, vi. 110: esp. in mod. usage, a hard season, bad weather, harðinda-ár, -vetr, -sumar, vetrar-harðindi: harðindis-maðr, m. a stern man, Sks. 803. -
4 ÞOLA
(þolda, þolt or þolat), v.1) to bear, endure, suffer (þola högg, mannraun dauða); reyna, hvárt hann þyldi járn eða eigi, to try whether he could bear iron or not; þola hart, to suffer hardship; hversu þoldi S. í brennunni, how did S. bear the burning?;2) þola e-m e-t, to bear it at one’s hand (kann verap at þá sá nökkurir svá röskvir, at ei þoli jarli allan ósóma); þola eigi lög, not to bear the law; eigi skal þat, ok skal þola Snorra lög, S. shall have the benefit of the law;3) to feel at rest, be still or quiet; þá œðist dýrit svá at þat þolir hvergi, so that it has no rest; fylgdi svá mikill verkr, at hann mátti hvergi kyrr þola, so great pain that he could nowhere remain quiet.* * *pres. þoli, pret. þolði, subj. þylði (þølði); part. þolt, later form þolat; [Goth. þulan = ἀνέχεσθαι, στέγειν; A. S. þoljan; Old Engl. and Scot. thole.; O. H. G. doljan, dolon; Dan. taale; Germ. dulden; Lat. tulisse, tol-erare; Gr. τλα- in τληναι, etc.]:—to bear, endure, suffer; reyna hvert hann þyldi járn eðr eigi, whether he could bear it or not, Fms. vii. 250; hvárt Þrændir þyldi atgörða-laust, ef …, vi. 38; ok þoli skor, Grág. ii. 188; at þau (the ships) þeyldi (i.e þøldi) mannfarminn, Fms. viii. 380, v. l.; mannraunir er hann hafði þolat, vi. 19; hversu þoldi Skarphéðinn í brennunni … vel fyrst en þó lauk svá at hann grét, Nj. 270; ef slíkt þolist, Ísl. ii. 406; eigi er þat þolanda (gerund.), it is intolerable, K. Á. 36; spyrr hversu lengi hann hafði þat áfelli þolt, Fms. x. 226; lengi höfu vér þolt þeirra ofsa, 237; þau hafa mart högg þolt í dag, 360; hversu hart þeir hafa þolat, Fas. i. 339.2. þola e-m e-t, to bear it at one’s hand; kann vera at þá sé nokkurir svá röskvir at eigi þoli jarli allan ósóma, Fms. i. 208; munt þú skora mér á hólm ok þola eigi lög, Nj. 87; eigi skal þat ok skal þola Snorra lög, let us ‘thole’ the law to Snorri, i. e. let us give him the benefit of the law, Eb. 100; undrumk ek at Guð þolir honum þá ofdirfð, Fms. vii. 261; þeir þolðu honum eigi réttindi, Ó. H. 190; mun konungr eigi þola þér lengr at þú gangir á hans ríki, Fms. xi. 62; hugði hann at jarl mundi þola honum her, he had a mind that the earl should thole war at his hand, he would wage war against the earl, 3; at hann mundi lúka honum skatt eðr tola her ella, Fas. i. 329.3. þola ílla, þola hart, to suffer hardship, Stj. 247, Bs. i. 201; þola önd, to keep breath; hann rann hundrað skrefa meðan hann þoldi önd einu sinni, in one breath, Rb. 482: hence the mod. þola önn (i. e. önd) fyrir e-n, to feel a pang for one, feel anxiety, concern; see önd.II. to feel at rest, be still or quiet, stir not; kistan þoldi uppi sem fyrr eða nokkuru verr …, Bs. i. 712; (one would say that the mod. tolla, to rest, sit fast, was a corruption of this phrase, were it not that tolla occurs in the verse in Hallfr. S.); æðisk dyrit svá at þat þolir hvergi, so that it has no rest, Lækn. 472; fylgði svá mikill verkr, at hann mátti hvergi kyrr þola, so great pain that he could nowhere remain quiet, Grett. 152; rekr Grettir hrossin, ok þolir Kingála eigi í haga, K. was restless, 25 new Ed.; hann þolir ekki við fyrir verkjum, he has no rest for pains. -
5 þvingan
f. oppression, hardship (til þvingunar ok ófrelsis).* * *f. a weighing down, hardship, Magn. 502; as opp. to skemtan, Stj. 2; þótti þat þ. at halda svá margar hátíðir, 49; til þvingunar ok ófrelsis, Bs. i. 720; ganga undir nýjar þvinganir, N. G. L. iii. 249. -
6 á-felli
n. a hardship, shock, calamity; þat á. ( spell) hafði legit á því fólki, at hver kona fæddi dauðan frumburð sinn er hon ól, Mar. 656; afskaplig á., Stj. 90 (also of a spell); þreynging ok á., 121; með hversu miklu á. ( injustice) Sigurðr konungr vildi heimta þetta mál af honum, Hkr. iii. 257; standa undir á., to be wider great lordship, Fms. iv. 146, vi. 147; með miklu á. (of insanity), vii. 150; þeir vóru sex vetr í þessu á., viz. in bondage, x. 225; hvert á. jarl hafði veitt honum, what penalties the earl bad laid upon him, Orkn. 284, Fms. iv. 310.β. damnation, condemnation, = áfall; nú vil ek at þú snúir eigi svá skjótt málinu til áfellis honum, Band. 4.COMPD: áfellisdómr. -
7 á-lag
n. and álaga, u, f. [leggja á]; in some cases, esp. dat. pl., it is often difficult to decide to which of these two forms a case may belong; they are therefore best taken together. In the neut. pl. the notion of spell, in the fem. pl. that of tax, burden, hardship prevails. In sing. both of them are very much alike in sense.I. fem. pl. a tax, burden, burdensome impost; sagði at bændr vildi eigi hafa frekari álög (álögur?) af konungi en forn lög stæði til, Fms. xi. 224; undan þessum hans álögum … liggja undir slíkum álögum, tyranny, yoke, Bárð. ch. 2; gangit til ok hyggit at landsmenn, at ganga undir skattgjafar Ólafs konungs ok allar álögur, burdens, taxes, Fms. iv. 282, in the famous speech of Einar þveræing, (Ó. H. ch. 134; bað jarl vægja möunum um álögur, Fms. iv. 216; jarl hélt með freku öllum álögum, Orkn. 40; hvárt mun konungr sá ekki kunna hóf um álögur ok harðleiki við menn, Fms. vi. 37; þórstcinn kvað ekki um at leita, at Þórðr kæmist undan neinum álögum, burdens, oppressive conditions, Bjarn. 72.2. a law term, an additional fine; með álögum ok leigum, duties and rents, Grág. i. 260; binda álogum, to charge, 384; hálfa fimtu mörk álaga, a fine of three marks, 391.3. metaph. in plur. and in the phrase, í álögum, in straits, at a pinch, if needful, Vm. 18; vitr maðr ok ágætr í öllum álögum, a wise and good man in all difficulties, Fs. 120.4. a metric. term, addition, supplement; þat er annat leyfi háttanna at hafa í dróttkvæðum hætti eitt orð eða tvau með álögum, cp. álagsháttr below, Edda 124.5. theol. a visitation, scourge, Stj. 106, 647. 2 Kings xxi. 13 (answering to plummet in the Engl. transl.); sing. in both instances.II. neut. pl. álög, spells, imprecations. In the fairy tales of Icel. ‘vera í álögum’ is a standing phrase for being spell-bound, esp. for being transformed into the shape of animals, or even of lifeless objects; leggja a., to bind by spells, cp. Ísl. Þjóðs. by Jón Árnason; var því líkast sem í fornum sögum er sagt, þá er konunga börn urðu fyrir stjúpmæðra álögum (v. l. sköpum), Fms. viii. 18 (Fb. ii. 539): hóri lýstr til hans með úlfs hanzka ok segir at hann skyldi verða at einuni híðbirni, ok aldri skáltn or þessuni álögum fara, Fas. (Völs. S.) i. 50, 404: sing. (very rare), þat er álag mitt, at þat skip skal aldri heilt af hafi koma er hér liggr út, Landn. 250. At present always in pl., cp. forlög, örlög, ólög.COMPDS: álagsbœtr, álagsháttr, álögulaust. -
8 erfið-leiki
m. hardship, difficulty. -
9 harð-rétti
n. hardship, Rd. 249, Al. 82, Andr. 74: hard fare, sultr ok h., Stj. 257. -
10 áfelli
n. calamity; standa undir áfelli, to be under great hardship; hvert á. jarl hafði veitt honum, what penalties the earl had laid on him. -
11 ánauð
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12 harðrétti
n. hardship.
См. также в других словарях:
hardship — UK US /ˈhɑːdʃɪp/ noun [C or U] ► a condition that causes difficulty or suffering, for example, being without a job or enough money: financial/economic hardship »The price of cooking gas increased five fold, worsening the economic hardship.… … Financial and business terms
hardship — I noun adversity, affliction, misfortune, suffering, travail II index adversity, burden, calamity, casualty, catastrophe, damage … Law dictionary
Hardship — Hard ship (h[aum]rd sh[i^]p), n. That which is hard to bear, as toil, privation, injury, injustice, etc. Swift. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
hardship — (n.) c.1200, quality of being hard, from HARD (Cf. hard) + SHIP (Cf. ship). Meaning disadvantage, suffering, privation is c.1400 … Etymology dictionary
hardship — rigor, vicissitude, *difficulty Analogous words: adversity, *misfortune, mischance: peril, *danger, jeopardy, hazard: *trial, tribulation, affliction: toil, travail, drudgery (see WORK) Contrasted words: ease, comfort (see REST) … New Dictionary of Synonyms
hardship — [n] personal burden accident, adversity, affliction, asperity, austerity, calamity, case, catastrophe, curse, danger, destitution, difficulty, disaster, discomfort, distress, drudgery, fatigue, grief, grievance, hard knocks*, hazard, Herculean… … New thesaurus
hardship — ► NOUN ▪ severe suffering or privation … English terms dictionary
hardship — [härd′ship΄] n. [ME heardschipe: see HARD & SHIP] 1. hard circumstances of life 2. a thing hard to bear; specific cause of discomfort or suffering, as poverty, pain, etc. SYN. DIFFICULTY … English World dictionary
hardship — noun ADJECTIVE ▪ appalling (BrE), considerable, extreme, genuine (esp. BrE), great, real, severe ▪ undue, unnecessary (esp. BrE … Collocations dictionary
hardship — n. 1) to bear, suffer, undergo hardship 2) to overcome a hardship 3) a hardship to + inf. (it was a real hardship for her to get to work on time) * * * [ hɑːdʃɪp] suffer undergo hardship to . overcome a hardship to bear a hardship to + inf. (it… … Combinatory dictionary
hardship — UK [ˈhɑː(r)dʃɪp] / US [ˈhɑrdˌʃɪp] noun [countable/uncountable] Word forms hardship : singular hardship plural hardships a) a situation in which life is very difficult, usually because you do not have enough money Even slight rent increases would… … English dictionary
