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61 (punishment of) hard labour
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62 labour
1 noun∎ a labour of love un travail fait pour le plaisir;∎ her book was the result of five years' hard labour son livre était le fruit de cinq ans de dur labeur ou de travail acharné;∎ the twelve labours of Hercules les douze travaux mpl d'Hercule∎ cost of labour prix m de la main-d'œuvre;∎ capital and labour le capital et la main-d'œuvre(c) Obstetrics travail m;∎ to be in labour être en travail;∎ to go into labour commencer le travail;∎ it was a difficult labour ça a été un accouchement difficile(movement) social; (shortage) de main-d'œuvre(b) (struggle → person)∎ he laboured up the stairs il monta péniblement l'escalier;∎ figurative to labour under a misapprehension or a delusion se méprendre, être dans l'erreur(c) (move with difficulty → vehicle) peiner;∎ the car laboured up the slope la voiture peinait dans la montée;∎ the ship was labouring through heavy seas le bateau avançait péniblement dans la mer démontée(stress) insister sur;∎ there's no need to labour the point ce n'est pas la peine de t'étendre ou d'insister là-dessus1 noun= le parti travailliste britannique;∎ to vote Labour voter travailliste(policy, government, MP) travailliste►► labour camp camp m de travail;Labor Code code m du travail (aux États-Unis et au Canada);American labor contract contrat m de travail;Industry labour costs coûts mpl de la main-d'œuvre;American Labor Day fête f du travail (aux États-Unis et au Canada, célébrée le premier lundi de septembre);labour dispute conflit m du travail;British & French Canadian formerly labour exchange agence f pour l'emploi;labour laws législation f du travail;Politics Labour leader dirigeant(e) m,f (du parti) travailliste;labour market marché m du travail;Politics Labour Member (of Parliament) député m travailliste;Politics the Labour Party le parti travailliste;Obstetrics labour pains douleurs fpl de l'accouchement;Industry labour relations relations fpl sociales;American labor union syndicat m;Obstetrics labour ward salle f d'accouchement -
63 ♦ hard
♦ hard /hɑ:d/A a.1 duro; solido; sodo: as hard as steel, duro come l'acciaio; a hard bench, una panca dura; hard soil, terreno duro (o solido)2 arduo; difficile; ostico; duro (lett.): hard questions [words], domande [parole] difficili; DIALOGO → - After an exam- There were a couple of really hard questions, c'erano un paio di domande veramente difficili; a hard task, un compito arduo; un duro compito; a hard case, un caso difficile ( da trattare); to find it hard to do st., fare qc. con grande difficoltà5 forte; grande; accanito, ostinato, tenace: a hard drinker, un forte bevitore; a hard worker, un gran lavoratore; un lavoratore indefesso; a hard smoker, un fumatore accanito6 duro; difficile; pieno di guai: hard life, vita dura; hard times, tempi difficili (o duri); ( di un prodotto) hard to sell, difficile a vendersi8 duro; aspro; brusco; sgarbato: hard words, parole dure (o aspre); hard manners, modi bruschi (o sgarbati)12 duro; aspro; sgradevole; brutto: a hard voice, una voce dura (o aspra); a hard story, una storia sgradevole; una brutta storia; hard light, luce sgradevole16 (agric., chim., fon.) duro: hard wheat, grano duro; hard water, acqua dura; The letter «g» is hard in «go», la lettera «g» è dura in «go»17 (ind. tess.) liscio; rasato18 (econ., fin.) forte; pregiato; solido; sostenuto: hard currency, moneta (o valuta) forte; moneta (o valuta) pregiataB avv.1 energicamente; forte, violentemente: It was raining hard, pioveva forte (o a dirotto); I hit him hard, lo colpii violentemente (o duro)2 accanitamente; molto; sodo; troppo: to fight hard, battersi accanitamente; to study hard, studiare molto; to try hard, fare ogni sforzo; to try one's hardest, mettercela tutta; to work hard, lavorare sodo; to drink hard, bere troppo; to be hard at it (o at work) darci sotto; lavorare sodo3 attentamente; intensamente: to listen hard (to sb.), ascoltare attentamente (q.); to think hard, pensare intensamente; riflettere profondamente5 duramente; gravemente; seriamente: I was hard hit by the slump, sono stato duramente colpito dalla recessioneC n.1 (naut.) approdo dal fondo solido● hard alcohol, alcol ad alta gradazione □ hard-and-fast, categorico, inderogabile, ferreo, rigido □ hard-and-fast rules, regole ferree □ (naut.) Hard aport!, tutto a sinistra! □ (fam. USA) a hard-ass, persona troppa ligia alle regole; tipo inquadrato (fig. fam.) □ (fam. USA) hard-assed, troppo ligio alle regole; inquadrato (fig. fam.) □ hard-baked, troppo cotto, duro ( per eccesso di cottura); (fig. fam.) duro, insensibile □ (naut.) hard beach, spiaggia di alaggio □ (fig.) hard-bitten, agguerrito, temprato; duro, indurito, insensibile □ hard-boiled, ( d'uovo) sodo; (fig.) duro, indurito, incallito, cinico; (fam.) concreto, pratico; ( di un film, ecc.) giallo, con scene di violenza □ hard-bought, acquistato (fig.: conseguito, ottenuto) a caro prezzo □ hard by, proprio vicino; vicinissimo (a) □ hard cash, (econ.) circolante; (fin.) denaro liquido; denaro contante; contanti: to demand hard cash, voler essere pagato in contanti □ hard coal, antracite □ (comput.) hard copy, copia cartacea; copia a stampa □ hard core, (pietrisco per) massicciata ( di strada); (fig.) nucleo intransigente, nucleo di irriducibili ( di un gruppo); (polit.) zoccolo duro (fig.); (mus.) hardcore □ hard-core, intransigente; irriducibile; duro; inflessibile; ( anche) cronico, incurabile; (mus.) hardcore; ( di pornografia) molto spinto, hard-core: hard-core opposition, opposizione irriducibile; (econ.) hard-core unemployment, disoccupazione cronica; a hard-core film, un film hard-core; un film pornografico spinto ( con scene di sesso non simulato) □ ( tennis) hard court, campo in terra battuta (o di cemento, ecc.) □ (comput.) hard disk ( drive) (abbr. HD/D/), hard disk; disco rigido □ to be hard done by, essere trattato male (o in modo ingiusto) □ hard drink, bevanda forte; superalcolico □ hard drinking, eccesso nel bere; alcolismo □ hard drug, droga pesante □ hard-earned, guadagnato con grande fatica (o col sudore della fronte): a hard-earned victory, una vittoria sudata □ hard-edged, ben delineato; risoluto □ (comput.) hard error, errore hardware □ the hard facts, i fatti incontrovertibili; la realtà nuda e cruda (fam.) □ hard-featured, dai lineamenti duri; ( di un viso) ruvido; grossolano (fig.) □ hard feelings, inimicizia; rancore: No hard feelings!, senza rancore!; amici come prima! □ hard-fisted, dalle mani forti; (fig.) duro, severo; ( anche) avaro, spilorcio, tirchio □ hard-fought, combattuto, sofferto; tirato (fam.): a hard-fought match, un incontro tirato □ hard freeze, gelo duro □ hard frost, freddo intenso, rigido □ (econ.) hard goods, beni di consumo durevoli □ hard going, faticoso; pesante (fig.) □ hard-handed, dalle mani incallite; (fig.) che ha la mano pesante, duro □ hard hat (o hard-hat), elmetto da edile; casco di protezione; (fam.) operaio edile, muratore; (fig. fam. USA) ultraconservatore, reazionario □ hard-head ► hardhead □ (fig.) to have a hard head, avere la testa dura; essere cocciuto □ hard-headed, pratico, realistico; accorto, avveduto; ( USA) caparbio, ostinato, testardo □ hard-hearted, dal cuore duro; insensibile; crudele □ hard-heartedness, insensibilità; crudeltà □ ( anche fig.) hard-hit, duramente colpito □ ( sport) a hard-hitter, uno che colpisce duro □ (di discorso, ecc.) hard-hitting, energico, vigoroso, incisivo; ( anche) che non usa giri di parole □ (metall.) hard iron, ferro magnetizzabile □ (leg., stor.) hard labour, lavori forzati ( aboliti in GB nel 1948) □ ( di corda, ecc.) hard-laid, strettamente intrecciato □ hard landing, (aeron.) atterraggio duro; (econ. fig.) atterraggio duro, brusca frenata □ (metall.) hard lead, piombo duro (o all'antimonio) □ (polit.) the hard left, l'estrema sinistra □ ( anche polit.) hard line, linea dura: to take a hard line, seguire la linea dura; non fare concessioni □ hard-line, duro, inflessibile, rigido, intransigente: a hard-line policy, una politica intransigente □ hard liner, chi segue la linea dura; (un) intransigente, irriducibile, integralista □ (fam.) hard lines = hard luck ► sotto □ hard liquor = hard drink ► sopra □ (fin.) hard loan, prestito in valuta forte; ( anche) prestito a tassi di mercato □ hard luck, sfortuna, malasorte; disdetta, scalogna (fam.): Hard luck!, che sfortuna!; che peccato! □ (fam.) a hard-luck story, una storia pietosa (o strappalacrime, fam.) □ a hard man, un duro □ (econ.) hard market, mercato stabile ( nel quale la domanda è alta e i prezzi sono elevati) □ hard money, (econ.) moneta metallica; (polit. USA) contributo diretto alla campagna elettorale di un candidato □ hard-mouthed, ( di cavallo) ribelle al morso; (fig.) indisciplinato, ribelle; testardo, ostinato □ (fam.) hard-nosed, concreto; pratico; realistico; duro □ (fam. fig.) hard nut, osso duro; brutto cliente □ (fam. fig.) a hard nut to crack, una bella gatta da pelare □ hard of hearing, duro d'orecchi; sordastro; che ci sente poco □ hard on, (avv.) = hard upon ► sotto □ (volg.) hard-on, erezione ( del pene); ( slang) to have a hard-on for st., fare una passione per qc.; avere la fregola di qc. (fig.) □ to be hard on, ( di persona) essere duro (o scortese, sgarbato, severo) con (q.); ( di persona) logorare in fretta, maltrattare ( abiti, scarpe, ecc.); ( di cosa) essere dannoso, fare male a: Don't be too hard on your son, non essere troppo duro (o severo) con tuo figlio!; Sitting at a computer all day is hard on the eyes, stare davanti al computer tutto il giorno fa male agli occhi □ to be hard on sb. 's heels, essere alle calcagna di q. □ ( sci) hard-packed snow, neve compatta; neve dura □ (anat.) hard palate, palato duro □ ( nella ceramica) hard paste, pasta dura, pasta compatta □ hard-paste porcelain, porcellana dura □ hard porn, pornografia spinta □ hard-pressed, inseguito da vicino, incalzato; (fig.) oberato, sovraccarico; in difficoltà, alle strette: to be hard-pressed for money, essere a corto di denaro □ to be hard put ( to it) to do st., trovarsi in imbarazzo (o in difficoltà) a fare qc. □ (polit.) the hard right, l'estrema destra □ (ind.) hard rubber, ebanite □ hard science, scienza «dura»; scienze «dure» ( fondate su metodi rigorosi e sperimentali) □ hard science-fiction, fantascienza «dura» ( verosimile sul piano scientifico) □ (market.) ( the) hard-sell, vendita aggressiva □ (market.) hard selling, tecnica di vendita aggressiva □ hard-set, fermo, fisso, ben saldo; ( di cemento, ecc.) indurito; (fig.: di lineamenti) duro, rigido; ( di persona) caparbio, ostinato □ (autom. GB) hard shoulder, corsia d'emergenza ( d'autostrada) □ (mil., miss.) hard site, rampa di lancio protetta □ hard sleep, sonno duro (o profondo) □ (metall.) hard solder, lega per brasatura (o per saldatura forte) □ (naut.) Hard starboard!, tutto a dritta! □ (fam.) the hard stuff, i superalcolici; ( anche) la droga pesante □ ( sport) a hard team to beat, la squadra da battere; un osso duro (fig.) □ hard to please, difficile da contentare; esigente □ hard-to-reach, difficile da raggiungere; di difficile accesso □ hard up, a corto di quattrini; al verde; ( anche) in fregola, eccitato; allupato (fam.) □ hard up for, a corto di, giù a (fam.): I'm hard up for ideas, sono a corto d'idee □ (lett.) hard upon, subito dopo; poco dopo □ hard wear, uso intenso ( d'abiti e sim.) □ ( d'abito e sim.) hard-wearing, robusto; resistente all'uso □ hard-wired ► hardwired □ ( anche mil. e sport) hard-won, contrastato; ottenuto a caro prezzo □ hard-working, laborioso, operoso □ (fig.) to be (as) hard as nails, essere forte, muscoloso; essere duro di cuore, insensibile □ (fig.) to come hard, essere dura: It comes hard to say goodbye, è dura dire addio □ to die hard, ( di un'abitudine e sim.) essere duro a morire; ( di una persona) vendere la pelle a caro prezzo □ to do st. the hard way, fare da sé, ma con fatica; imparare a fare qc. con la dura pratica □ to freeze hard, diventare solido per il gelo; gelare □ to get hard, indurirsi; solidificarsi □ (fam.) to give sb. a hard time, rendere la vita difficile a q.; fare soffrire q.; farla trovare lunga a q. (fam.) □ to go hard with sb., essere dura (o un duro colpo) per q. □ to have a hard time, passarsela male; essere nei guai □ to have a hard time doing st., avere difficoltà a fare qc., trovare duro fare qc. (fam.) □ to learn st. the hard way, imparare qc. a proprie spese □ (fam.) to play hard to get, farsi desiderare; fare il prezioso (fam.) □ to take st. hard, prendere male qc., essere sconvolto da qc. □ (pop. Austral. e NZ) to put the hard word on sb., chiedere soldi a q.; ( anche) fare un'avance sessuale a q.; ( anche) minacciare q. □ to take a ( long) hard look at st., esaminare qc. con calma; ponderare (su) qc. □ too hard to take, troppo forte; troppo scioccante; indigesto. -
64 hard
hard [hα:d]1. adjectivea. ( = not soft) dur ; [blow, kick, punch] violent• to set hard [concrete, clay] bien prendre• no hard feelings! sans rancune !• to show there are no hard feelings pour montrer qu'il n'y a pas de rancune entre nous (or eux etc)• to take a hard line with sb/on sth se montrer intransigeant avec qn/quand il s'agit de qch• to be hard on sb [person] être dur avec qn• hard luck! pas de chance !b. ( = not easy) dur ; [battle, fight] rude• I find it hard to believe that... j'ai du mal à croire que...• it's hard work! c'est dur !c. ( = committed) he's a hard worker il est travailleurd. [winter, climate] rude ; [frost] forte. [evidence] tangible ; [fact] concret2. adverb• no matter how hard I try, I... j'ai beau essayer, je...b. ( = badly) to take sth hard être très affecté par qch3. compounds► hard hat noun casque m ; ( = riding hat) bombe f ; (US = construction worker) ouvrier m du bâtiment• a hard-headed businessman un homme d'affaires qui a la tête sur les épaules ► hard-hearted adjective insensible* * *[hɑːd] 1.1) ( firm) durto go ou grow ou become hard — durcir
frozen hard — complètement gelé; hard lens
2) ( difficult) [problem, question, task] dur, difficile; [choice, decision] difficile; [bargaining, negotiations, fight] dur, serréto be hard to open — être dur or difficile à ouvrir
it's hard to do — c'est dur or difficile à faire
to find it hard to do something — avoir du mal à faire quelque chose, trouver dur or difficile de faire quelque chose
it's hard to accept/believe — on a du mal à accepter/croire ( that que)
it was hard work ou going — ça a été dur or difficile
hard work never hurt ou killed anybody! — le travail n'a jamais fait de mal à personne!
to be a hard worker — être travailleur/-euse
to find something out ou learn something the hard way — apprendre quelque chose à ses dépens
3) ( harsh) [life, year] difficile; [blow] fig dur, terrible; [winter] rudehard luck ou lines (colloq) GB! — pas de chance!
to take a hard line — adopter une attitude ferme ( on something à propos de quelque chose; with somebody envers quelqu'un)
it's a hard life — gen, hum, iron la vie est dure
to give somebody a hard time — (colloq) ( make things difficult) rendre la vie impossible à quelqu'un; ( tell off) passer un savon (colloq) à quelqu'un
4) (stern, cold) [person, look, words] dur, sévère5) ( concrete) [evidence, fact] solide6) ( stark) [colour, light] dur7) ( strong) [liquor] fort; [drug] dur; [pornography] hard (colloq) (inv)8) Politicsthe hard left/right — la gauche/droite (pure et) dure
9) Chemistry [water] dur, calcaire10) Linguistics [consonant] dur11) (colloq) ( tough) [person] dur12) Finance [currency] fort2.1) (strongly, energetically) [push, hit, cry] fort; [work] dur; [study, think] sérieusement; [rain] à verse; [snow] abondamment; [look, listen] attentivementto be hard hit — fig être durement frappé (by par)
to try hard — ( intellectually) faire beaucoup d'efforts; ( physically) essayer de toutes ses forces
no matter how hard I try/work, I... — j'ai beau essayer/travailler, je...
to be hard at it (colloq) ou at work — être en plein travail
2) ( with directions)hard behind — juste derrière; heel
••to be/feel hard done by — être/se sentir brimé
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65 hard
hard [hɑ:d]dur ⇒ 1 (a)-(c), 2 (a) difficile ⇒ 1 (b) froid ⇒ 1 (c) rude ⇒ 1 (c) concret ⇒ 1 (d) fort ⇒ 2 (a) difficilement ⇒ 2 (b) durement ⇒ 2 (c)(a) (not soft → substance, light, colour) dur;∎ to get or to become hard durcir;∎ rock hard, (as) hard as rock dur comme la pierre;∎ his muscles are rock hard or (as) hard as rock ses muscles sont durs comme le fer, il a des muscles d'acier;∎ she is (as) hard as nails (emotionally) elle est dure, elle n'a pas de cœur; (physically) c'est une dure à cuire(b) (difficult → question, problem etc) difficile, dur;∎ the laws make it hard to leave the country à cause des lois, il est difficile de quitter le pays;∎ to have a hard fight or struggle on one's hands avoir une lourde tâche devant soi;∎ it's hard to explain c'est difficile ou dur à expliquer;∎ I find it hard to understand/believe that... je n'arrive pas à comprendre pourquoi/croire que...;∎ it's hard to say c'est difficile à dire;∎ he's hard to get on with il n'est pas facile à vivre;∎ she is hard to please (never satisfied) elle est difficile; (difficult to buy gifts for etc) c'est difficile de lui faire plaisir;∎ it's hard to beat on trouve difficilement mieux;∎ it's hard to beat a good Bordeaux il n'y a rien de meilleur qu'un bon bordeaux;∎ the hardest part of the job is done le plus dur est fait;∎ life is hard c'est dur, la vie;∎ times are hard les temps sont durs ou difficiles;∎ these are hard times for all of us c'est une période difficile pour tout le monde;∎ to fall on hard times (financially) connaître des temps difficiles ou une période de vaches maigres; (have difficult times) connaître des temps difficiles, en voir de dures;∎ to give sb a hard time en faire voir de dures à qn;∎ the boss has just been giving me a hard time le patron vient de me faire passer un mauvais quart d'heure;∎ come on, don't give me a hard time! allez, laisse-moi tranquille!;∎ you'll have a hard time (of it) persuading him to do that tu vas avoir du mal à le convaincre de faire cela;∎ she had a hard time of it after her mother's death elle a traversé une période difficile après la mort de sa mère;∎ she had a hard time of it when she was a child la vie n'était pas drôle pour elle quand elle était enfant;∎ she had a hard time of it (in childbirth, operation) elle a souffert;∎ to learn sth the hard way (involving personal loss, suffering etc) apprendre qch à ses dépens; (in a difficult way) faire le rude apprentissage de qch;∎ I learnt the hard way not to be underinsured j'ai appris à mes dépens qu'il ne faut pas être sous-assuré;∎ I learnt skiing the hard way j'ai appris à skier à la dure;∎ I learnt my seamanship the hard way j'ai fait le rude apprentissage du métier de marin;∎ some people always have to do things the hard way il y a des gens qui choisissent toujours la difficulté;∎ to play hard to get (flirt) jouer les insaisissables;∎ humorous their financial expert is playing hard to get leur expert financier semble jouer à cache-cache;∎ the hard of hearing les malentendants mpl;∎ to be hard of hearing être dur d'oreille;∎ a glass of wine, or would you prefer a drop of the hard stuff? un verre de vin, ou bien préféreriez-vous une goutte de quelque chose de plus fort?;∎ keep off the hard stuff évitez les boissons fortes(c) (severe → voice, face, eyes) dur, froid; (→ climate, winter) rigoureux, rude; (→ frost) fort, rude;∎ to be hard on sb être dur avec qn;∎ children are hard on their shoes les enfants font subir de mauvais traitements à leurs chaussures;∎ it's hard on the nerves c'est dur pour les nerfs;∎ it was hard on the others ça a été dur pour les autres;∎ it's hardest on the children le plus dur, c'est pour les enfants;∎ to be a hard taskmaster être dur à la tâche;∎ to take a long hard look at sth examiner qch de près;∎ you should take a long hard look at yourself tu devrais bien te regarder;∎ it's a hard blow for him c'est un coup terrible pour lui;∎ no hard feelings? tu ne m'en veux pas?;∎ familiar hard luck!, British hard cheese!, hard lines! pas de chance!□, pas de veine!, pas de bol!;∎ it will be hard luck if he doesn't get the job ça ne sera pas de veine ou de bol s'il n'obtient pas le travail;∎ don't give me any of your hard luck stories ne me raconte pas tes malheurs;∎ he gave me some hard luck story about having lost his investments il a essayé de m'apitoyer en me racontant qu'il avait perdu l'argent qu'il avait investi;∎ familiar a hard nut or man un dur∎ the hard fact is that there isn't enough money la vérité, c'est qu'il n'y a pas assez d'argent;∎ the argument was not backed up by any hard fact l'argument ne s'appuyait sur rien de concret∎ it's been a long hard day la journée a été longue;∎ it's hard work c'est dur;∎ it was hard work to convince him j'ai eu fort à faire pour le convaincre;∎ she's hard work (difficult to get on with) elle n'est pas facile à vivre; (difficult to make conversation with) elle n'est pas causante;∎ she's not afraid of hard work le travail ne lui fait pas peur;∎ the climb was hard going la montée était rude;∎ it's hard going making conversation with him c'est difficile de discuter avec lui∎ she's a hard worker c'est un bourreau de travail;∎ he's a hard drinker c'est un gros buveur, il boit beaucoup;∎ he's a hard charger c'est un fonceur;∎ give it a good hard shove pousse-le un bon coup, pousse-le fort2 adverb(a) (strenuously → pull, push, hit, breathe) fort; (→ work) dur; (→ run) à toutes jambes; (→ listen) attentivement;∎ to work hard at sth beaucoup travailler qch;∎ to work hard at improving one's service/French beaucoup travailler pour améliorer son service/français;∎ to work sb hard faire travailler qn dur;∎ he works hard and plays hard il se dépense beaucoup dans son travail et dans ses loisirs;∎ you'll have to try harder il faudra que tu fasses plus d'efforts;∎ to try hard to do sth essayer de son mieux de faire qch;∎ try hard! fais de ton mieux!;∎ to think hard beaucoup réfléchir;∎ think hard! réfléchis bien!;∎ think harder! réfléchis un peu plus!;∎ we can't find it - well, look harder! nous ne le trouvons pas - et bien cherchez mieux!;∎ you didn't look very hard! tu n'as pas bien cherché;∎ to look hard at sb regarder qn bien en face;∎ to look hard at sth examiner qch;∎ as hard as possible, as hard as one can (work, try) le plus qu'on peut; (push, hit, squeeze) de toutes ses forces;∎ Nautical hard astern! arrière, toute!;∎ Cars she hauled the wheel hard over elle a braqué à fond;∎ Cars to turn hard to the left braquer à gauche, faire un virage très sec vers la gauche;∎ to swim hard for the shore nager de toutes ses forces vers le rivage;(b) (with difficulty) difficilement;∎ to be hard put or pushed or pressed to do sth avoir du mal à faire qch;∎ you'll be hard put to find a shop open at this time tu vas avoir du mal à trouver une boutique ouverte à cette heure-ci;∎ old habits die hard les vieilles habitudes ont la vie dure(c) (harshly, severely → treat someone) durement, sévèrement; (→ rain) à verse; (→ freeze, snow) fort;∎ he's feeling hard done by il a l'impression d'avoir été injustement traité;∎ to be hard hit by sth être durement touché par qch;∎ she took the news/his death pretty hard la nouvelle/sa mort l'a beaucoup éprouvée;∎ old-fashioned it'll go hard with him if he keeps telling lies ça va aller mal pour lui s'il continue à raconter des mensonges∎ the ground was frozen hard le gel avait complètement durci la terre;∎ to set hard (concrete, mortar) prendre∎ to follow hard on the heels of sb être sur les talons de qn;∎ to follow or to come hard on the heels of sth suivre qch de très près∎ hard up (short of money) fauché, à sec;∎ to be hard up for ideas manquer d'idées□, être à court d'idées□ ;∎ to be hard up for volunteers manquer de volontaires□ ;∎ figurative you must be hard up if you're going out with him! il faut vraiment que tu n'aies rien à te mettre sous la dent pour sortir avec lui!3 noun∎ to try one's hardest faire de son mieuxold-fashioned tout près de►► Typography & Computing hard carriage return retour m chariot obligatoire;hard cash (argent m) liquide m;American hard cider cidre m;hard coal anthracite m;Finance hard commodities minerais mpl;Linguistics hard consonant consonne f dure;Computing hard copy copie f sur papier, sortie f papier;hard core (nucleus) noyau m dur; Building industry empierrement m; Music hard rock m inv, hard m inv; (pornography) porno m hard;British Sport hard court (for tennis) court m en ciment;hard currency monnaie f ou devise f forte;∎ a hard currency shop un magasin où on paye en devises;Computing hard disk disque m dur;Computing hard disk drive, hard drive unité f de disque dur;hard drug drogue f dure;Horseriding hard gallop galop m soutenu;hard hat (of construction worker) casque m; American familiar (construction worker) ouvrier(ère) m,f du bâtiment;hard hat area = zone où le port du casque est obligatoire;∎ hard hat area (sign) port du casque obligatoire;Typography & Computing hard hyphen césure f imposée, trait m d'union imposé;hard labour (UNCOUNT) travaux mpl forcés;hard landing (by spacecraft) atterrissage m avec impact; figurative (during economic crisis) atterrissage m brutal;Metallurgy hard lead plomb m aigre;Politics the hard left l'extrême gauche;hard line ligne f de conduite dure;∎ to take a hard line on sb/sth adopter une ligne de conduite dure avec qn/sur qch;hard liquor spiritueux mpl;Finance hard loan prêt m aux conditions du marché;Press hard news nouvelles fpl sûres ou vérifiées;Veterinary medicine hard pad coussinet m dur;Typography & Computing hard page break fin f de page obligatoire;Anatomy hard palate voûte f du palais, palais m dur;hard porn porno m hard, hard m inv;Computing hard reset réinitialisation f totale de la machine;Typography & Computing hard return saut m de ligne manuel;Politics the hard right l'extrême droit;Music hard rock hard rock m inv, hard m inv; esp American Cookery hard sauce = sauce au beurre, au sucre et au brandy ou au rhum servie avec le pudding;hard science science f dure;hard sell vente f agressive;∎ to give sth the hard sell promouvoir qch de façon agressive;∎ the salesman gave us the hard sell le vendeur a essayé de nous forcer la main;hard sell approach, hard sell tactics méthode f de vente agressive;Cars hard shoulder bande f d'arrêt d'urgence;hard space espace m insécable;hard water eau f calcaire ou dure -
66 hard labor
n.• presidio s.m.BrE hard labour mass noun trabajos mpl forzados* * *BrE hard labour mass noun trabajos mpl forzados -
67 hard
hard [hɑ:d]1. a1) твёрдый, жёсткий;hard apple жёсткое я́блоко
;hard collar крахма́льный воротничо́к
;а) зерново́й корм;б) гру́бая, невку́сная пи́ща2) тру́дный, тяжёлый; тре́бующий напряже́ния;to learn smth. the hard way напряжённо учи́ться, вкла́дывать все си́лы в учёбу
;а) тру́дный слу́чай;б) закорене́лый престу́пник;hard to cure трудноизлечи́мый
3) несча́стный, тяжёлый;hard lines ( или lot, luck, cheese) тяжёлая, несча́стная судьба́; тяжёлое испыта́ние
4) стро́гий; суро́вый; безжа́лостный;hard discipline суро́вая дисципли́на
;to be hard on smb. быть (сли́шком) стро́гим с кем-л.
5) суро́вый, холо́дный7) усе́рдный, упо́рный8) уси́ленно предаю́щийся (чему-л.);hard drinker пья́ница
9) кре́пкий, си́льный;hard blow си́льный уда́р
10) полит. кра́йний, приде́рживающийся кра́йних взгля́дов;the hard right кра́йний пра́вый
12) скупо́й, жа́дный13) физ. проника́ющий, жёсткий15) определённый, подтверждённый;hard fact неопровержи́мый факт
16) усто́йчивый; высо́кий;hard prices усто́йчивые це́ны
;hard currency твёрдая, конверти́руемая валю́та
17) фон. твёрдый ( о согласном)18) фото, кино контра́стный;hard image контра́стное изображе́ние
◊hard and fast неги́бкий, твёрдый, жёсткий ( о правилах); стро́го определённый; про́чный
;hard labour ка́торжные рабо́ты
;hard of hearing туго́й на́ ухо
2. adv1) насто́йчиво, упо́рно, энерги́чно;to try hard упо́рно пыта́ться; о́чень стара́ться
2) твёрдо; кре́пко; си́льно;it froze hard yesterday вчера́ си́льно моро́зило
3) с трудо́м, тяжело́4) суро́во, жесто́ко;to criticize hard ре́зко критикова́ть
5) чрезме́рно, неуме́ренно;to swear hard руга́ться после́дними слова́ми
6) бли́зко, вплотну́ю, по пята́м;hard by бли́зко, ря́дом
;to follow hard after ( или behind, upon) сле́довать по пята́м за
◊hard pressed, hard pushed в тру́дном, тяжёлом положе́нии
;hard put to it в затрудне́нии, запу́тавшийся
;it goes hard with him его́ дела́ пло́хи
3. n1) песча́ное ме́сто для вы́садки на бе́рег; проходи́мое ме́сто на то́пком боло́те; брод2) разг. ка́торга -
68 hard labor
-
69 labour
-
70 hard labor
hard ˈla·bour, AM hard ˈla·bor* * * -
71 hard labor camp
= hard hard-labor camp, hard hard-labour camp виправно-трудова колонія-поселення -
72 hard labor
-
73 hard labor
= hard labour каторжна праця; каторжні роботи -
74 hard labor prison camp
= hard labour prison camp табір суворого режиму -
75 labour
1.['leɪbə(r)] (Brit.)noun1) (task) Arbeit, diesomething is/they did it as a labour of love — etwas geschieht/sie taten es aus Liebe zur Sache
2) (exertion) Mühe, die3) (work) Arbeit, diecost of labour — Arbeitskosten Pl.
4) (body of workers) Arbeiterschaft, die5)Labour — (Polit.) die Labour Party
6) (childbirth) Wehen Pl.be in labour — in den Wehen liegen
2. intransitive verbgo into labour — die Wehen bekommen. See also academic.ru/38655/intensive">intensive 5)
3)3. transitive verblabour under a delusion — sich einer Täuschung (Dat.) hingeben
(elaborate needlessly)there's no need to labour the point — du brauchst dich nicht lange darüber zu verbreiten
* * *['leibə] 1. noun1) (hard work: The building of the cathedral involved considerable labour over two centuries; People engaged in manual labour are often badly paid.) die Arbeit3) ((in a pregnant woman etc) the process of childbirth: She was in labour for several hours before the baby was born.) die Wehen (pl.)2. verb1) (to be employed to do hard and unskilled work: He spends the summer labouring on a building site.) arbeiten2) (to move or work etc slowly or with difficulty: They laboured through the deep undergrowth in the jungle; the car engine labours a bit on steep hills.) sich (ab)mühen•- laborious- laboriously
- laboriousness
- labourer
- labour court
- labour dispute
- labour-saving* * *La·bour[ˈleɪbəʳ]to vote \Labour Labour wählen\Labour candidate Labourkandidat(in) m(f)* * *(US) ['leɪbə(r)]1. nafter much labour the job was at last completed — nach langen Mühen war die Arbeit endlich vollendet
2) (= task) Aufgabe fit was a labour of love — ich/er etc tat es aus Liebe zur Sache
this biography is clearly a labour of love —
the labours of Hercules — die Arbeiten pl des Herkules
3)See:→ hard labour4) (= persons) Arbeiter pl, Arbeitskräfte pl5) (Brit POL)this district is Labour — dies ist ein Labourbezirk
to be in labour — in den Wehen liegen, die Wehen haben
2. vtpoint, subject auswalzen, breittreten (inf)I won't labour the point — ich will nicht darauf herumreiten
3. vithey laboured hard to get the house finished on time — sie gaben sich die größte Mühe, das Haus rechtzeitig fertigzustellen
to labour under a misapprehension — sich einer Illusion (dat) hingeben
2) (= move etc with effort or difficulty) sich quälenthe engine is labouring — der Motor hört sich gequält an; (in wrong gear) der Motor läuft untertourig
to labour up a hill — sich einen Hügel hinaufquälen, mühsam den Berg hochkriechen
his breathing became laboured — er begann, schwer zu atmen
* * *A s1. (schwere) Arbeit:a labor of love eine gern oder unentgeltlich getane Arbeit, ein Liebesdienst; → hard labo(u)r, Herculean 1, Hercules2. Mühe f, Plage f, Anstrengung f:lost labor vergebliche Mühe3. WIRTSCHa) Arbeiter(klasse) pl(f), Arbeiterschaft fb) Arbeiter pl, Arbeitskräfte pl:cheap labor billige Arbeitskräfte;5. MED Wehen pl:be in labor in den Wehen liegen6. Schlingern n, Stampfen n (eines Schiffs)B v/i1. (schwer) arbeiten (at an dat), sich bemühen ( for sth um etwas), sich anstrengen oder abmühen ( to do zu tun)labor through sich durch Schlamm etc, a. ein Buch etc kämpfen;labor up the hill sich den Berg hinaufquälen3. stampfen, schlingern (Schiff)4. (under)a) zu leiden haben (unter dat), zu kämpfen haben (mit), kranken (an dat):labor under difficulties mit Schwierigkeiten zu kämpfen haben5. MED in den Wehen liegenC v/t1. ausführlich oder umständlich behandeln, bis ins Einzelne ausarbeiten oder ausführen, breitwalzen:labor a point auf einer Sache herumreiten umg2. obs oder poet den Boden bestellen, bebauenD adj1. Arbeits…:a) Arbeitskosten,b) Lohnkosten2. Arbeiter…:labor leader Arbeiterführer(in) ( → D 3, D 4);labor movement Arbeiterbewegung f ( → D 4);labor demand Nachfrage f nach Arbeitskräftenlabor leader führende Person in der Labour Party (Großbritanniens etc)( → D 2, D 4)labor leader Gewerkschaftsführer(in) ( → D 2, D 3);labor movement Gewerkschaftsbewegung f ( → D 2)* * *1.['leɪbə(r)] (Brit.)noun1) (task) Arbeit, diesomething is/they did it as a labour of love — etwas geschieht/sie taten es aus Liebe zur Sache
2) (exertion) Mühe, die3) (work) Arbeit, diecost of labour — Arbeitskosten Pl.
4) (body of workers) Arbeiterschaft, die5)Labour — (Polit.) die Labour Party
6) (childbirth) Wehen Pl.2. intransitive verbgo into labour — die Wehen bekommen. See also intensive 5)
1) (work hard) hart arbeiten (at, on an + Dat.); (slave away) sich abmühen (at, over mit)3)3. transitive verblabour under a delusion — sich einer Täuschung (Dat.) hingeben
* * *(UK) n.Arbeit -en f. -
76 Labour
1.['leɪbə(r)] (Brit.)noun1) (task) Arbeit, diesomething is/they did it as a labour of love — etwas geschieht/sie taten es aus Liebe zur Sache
2) (exertion) Mühe, die3) (work) Arbeit, diecost of labour — Arbeitskosten Pl.
4) (body of workers) Arbeiterschaft, die5)Labour — (Polit.) die Labour Party
6) (childbirth) Wehen Pl.be in labour — in den Wehen liegen
2. intransitive verbgo into labour — die Wehen bekommen. See also academic.ru/38655/intensive">intensive 5)
3)3. transitive verblabour under a delusion — sich einer Täuschung (Dat.) hingeben
(elaborate needlessly)there's no need to labour the point — du brauchst dich nicht lange darüber zu verbreiten
* * *['leibə] 1. noun1) (hard work: The building of the cathedral involved considerable labour over two centuries; People engaged in manual labour are often badly paid.) die Arbeit3) ((in a pregnant woman etc) the process of childbirth: She was in labour for several hours before the baby was born.) die Wehen (pl.)2. verb1) (to be employed to do hard and unskilled work: He spends the summer labouring on a building site.) arbeiten2) (to move or work etc slowly or with difficulty: They laboured through the deep undergrowth in the jungle; the car engine labours a bit on steep hills.) sich (ab)mühen•- laborious- laboriously
- laboriousness
- labourer
- labour court
- labour dispute
- labour-saving* * *La·bour[ˈleɪbəʳ]to vote \Labour Labour wählen\Labour candidate Labourkandidat(in) m(f)* * *(US) ['leɪbə(r)]1. nafter much labour the job was at last completed — nach langen Mühen war die Arbeit endlich vollendet
2) (= task) Aufgabe fit was a labour of love — ich/er etc tat es aus Liebe zur Sache
this biography is clearly a labour of love —
the labours of Hercules — die Arbeiten pl des Herkules
3)See:→ hard labour4) (= persons) Arbeiter pl, Arbeitskräfte pl5) (Brit POL)this district is Labour — dies ist ein Labourbezirk
to be in labour — in den Wehen liegen, die Wehen haben
2. vtpoint, subject auswalzen, breittreten (inf)I won't labour the point — ich will nicht darauf herumreiten
3. vithey laboured hard to get the house finished on time — sie gaben sich die größte Mühe, das Haus rechtzeitig fertigzustellen
to labour under a misapprehension — sich einer Illusion (dat) hingeben
2) (= move etc with effort or difficulty) sich quälenthe engine is labouring — der Motor hört sich gequält an; (in wrong gear) der Motor läuft untertourig
to labour up a hill — sich einen Hügel hinaufquälen, mühsam den Berg hochkriechen
his breathing became laboured — er begann, schwer zu atmen
* * *Lab. abk2. Labrador* * *1.['leɪbə(r)] (Brit.)noun1) (task) Arbeit, diesomething is/they did it as a labour of love — etwas geschieht/sie taten es aus Liebe zur Sache
2) (exertion) Mühe, die3) (work) Arbeit, diecost of labour — Arbeitskosten Pl.
4) (body of workers) Arbeiterschaft, die5)Labour — (Polit.) die Labour Party
6) (childbirth) Wehen Pl.2. intransitive verbgo into labour — die Wehen bekommen. See also intensive 5)
1) (work hard) hart arbeiten (at, on an + Dat.); (slave away) sich abmühen (at, over mit)3)3. transitive verblabour under a delusion — sich einer Täuschung (Dat.) hingeben
* * *(UK) n.Arbeit -en f. -
77 labour
'leibə
1. noun1) (hard work: The building of the cathedral involved considerable labour over two centuries; People engaged in manual labour are often badly paid.) trabajo2) (workmen on a job: The firm is having difficulty hiring labour.) obreros, mano de obra3) ((in a pregnant woman etc) the process of childbirth: She was in labour for several hours before the baby was born.) parto, dolores de parto4) (used (with capital) as a name for the Socialist party in the United Kingdom.) Partido Laborista
2. verb1) (to be employed to do hard and unskilled work: He spends the summer labouring on a building site.) trabajar duro2) (to move or work etc slowly or with difficulty: They laboured through the deep undergrowth in the jungle; the car engine labours a bit on steep hills.) avanzar penosamente, funcionar con dificultad•- laboriously
- laboriousness
- labourer
- labour court
- labour dispute
- labour-saving
labour1 n1. trabajo2. mano de obralabour is very expensive nowadays hoy en día, la mano de obra es muy caralabour2 vb trabajar mucho1 SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL los laboristas nombre masculino plural, el Partido Laboristaadj.• de trabajo adj.• laboral adj.n.• faena s.f.• labor s.f.• mano de obra s.f.• parto s.m.• tarea s.f.• trabajo s.m.v.• trabajar v.
••
Cultural note:
El Partido Laborista es uno de los tres principales partidos políticos de Gran Bretaña. Accedió por primera vez al poder en 1924 con el objetivo de representar los intereses de los trabajadores y sindicatos. En las últimas décadas ha abandonado su postura de izquierda en puntos tales como la propiedad pública de la industria y los servicios y hoy en día sus líderes prefieren denominarlo New Labour= labor (US) ['leɪbǝʳ]1. N1) (=work, toil) trabajom•
the [division] of labour — la división del trabajo•
[hard] labour — (Jur)trabajos mplforzados•
[Ministry] of Labour — Ministeriomde Trabajo•
to [withdraw] one's labour — ponerse en huelga; manual2) (=effort)(usu pl) trabajom, esfuerzom•
he is starting to see the [fruits] of his labours — está empezando a ver los frutos de su trabajo {or} sus esfuerzos3) (=task) trabajom, tareaf•
a labour of [love] — un trabajo realizado con amor, una tarea realizada con amor•
the labours of [Hercules] — los trabajos de Hércules4) (Ind)(=workers) obreros mpl; (=workforce) manofde obra•
[capital] and labour — la empresa y los obreros•
women were used as a source of [cheap] labour — se utilizaba a las mujeres como mano de obra barata; child; skilled5)•[Labour] — (Brit)(Pol)el Partido Laborista, los laboristas
•
to [vote] Labour — votar a los laboristas6) (=birth) partom•
to [be in] labour — estar de parto•
to [go into] labour — ponerse de parto2.VT [+ point]insistir en•
I think that's labouring the [point] a bit — creo que eso es insistir demasiado en ese punto3. VI1) (=work) trabajar•
to labour [at] sth — trabajar en algo•
the labouring [classes] — las clases trabajadoras•
a labouring [job] — un trabajo de peón•
to labour [to] do sth — esforzarse {or} afanarse por hacer algo2) (=struggle)[engine]sonar forzadoto labour up a hill — [person, vehicle]subir una cuesta con esfuerzo {or} dificultad
•
you seem to be labouring under a [misapprehension] — me parece que te estás equivocandoto labour under the misapprehension {or} illusion that — engañarse pensando que, creerse que
4.CPDlabour campN — campamentomde trabajos forzados
labour chargesNPL — gastos mplde mano de obra
labour costsNPL — costo msingde la mano de obra
Labour DayN — Díamdel Trabajo, Díamde los Trabajadores
labour disputeN — conflictomlaboral
(formerly) Bolsafde TrabajoLabour ExchangeN — (Brit)
labour forceN — (=numbers, people) manofde obra
labour lawN — (as study) derechomlaboral
labour marketN — mercadomlaboral, mercadomdel trabajo
labour movementN — movimientomobrero
labour painsNPL — (=birth) dolores mplde parto
Labour PartyN — PartidomLaborista
labour relationsNPL — relaciones fpllaborales
labour supplyN — ofertafde mano de obra
labour unrestN — agitaciónfsocial
labour wardN — salafde partos
* * *
••
Cultural note:
El Partido Laborista es uno de los tres principales partidos políticos de Gran Bretaña. Accedió por primera vez al poder en 1924 con el objetivo de representar los intereses de los trabajadores y sindicatos. En las últimas décadas ha abandonado su postura de izquierda en puntos tales como la propiedad pública de la industria y los servicios y hoy en día sus líderes prefieren denominarlo New Labour -
78 labour
'leibə 1. noun1) (hard work: The building of the cathedral involved considerable labour over two centuries; People engaged in manual labour are often badly paid.) kroppsarbeid2) (workmen on a job: The firm is having difficulty hiring labour.) arbeidskraft3) ((in a pregnant woman etc) the process of childbirth: She was in labour for several hours before the baby was born.) fødselsveer4) (used (with capital) as a name for the Socialist party in the United Kingdom.) Arbeiderpartiet2. verb1) (to be employed to do hard and unskilled work: He spends the summer labouring on a building site.) arbeide tungt, slite2) (to move or work etc slowly or with difficulty: They laboured through the deep undergrowth in the jungle; the car engine labours a bit on steep hills.) kjempe seg fram, streve•- laboriously
- laboriousness
- labourer
- labour court
- labour dispute
- labour-savingsliteIsubst. \/ˈleɪbə\/ eller labor1) arbeid, kroppsarbeid2) bry, anstrengelse, møye3) ( medisin) rier, veer, fødsel (prosessen)hun har rier \/ fødselen er i gang4) ( økonomi) arbeid, arbeidskraft5) arbeiderne, arbeiderklassenexpend labour on\/upon bruke krefter påforced labour ( jus) tvangsarbeidinduce labour ( medisin) sette i gang fødselen, indusere fødselenlabour exchange arbeidsformidlinglabour legislation arbeidslovgivninglabour of Hercules ( også Herculean labour)herkulesarbeid, kjempearbeid, kjempebedriftlabour of love noe man gjør for moro skyld, for fornøyelsens skyldhun gjorde det for sin egen skyld \/ av ren interessegratisarbeidlabour relations forholdet mellom partene i arbeidslivetlabour supply arbeidstilgang, tilgang på arbeidskraftlabour unrest uro på arbeidsmarkedeton\/in the labour market på arbeidsmarkedetorganized labour fagorganiserte arbeidere, fagorganisert arbeidskraftskilled labour fagarbeidere, fagfolkthe fruits of one's labour se ➢ fruit, 1unskilleded labour ufaglært arbeidskraft, grovarbeidIIverb \/ˈleɪbə\/ eller labor1) arbeide, arbeide hardt2) anstrenge seg, streve, ha vanskelig for noe3) arbeide seg frem, kjempe seg frem, kjempe seg av sted4) utbrodere, gå i detalj, tvære ut, legge for stor vekt på5) ( sjøfart) stampe, hugge, gå tungt, rulle6) (spes. amer.) trøtte, kjede, tynge, bry7) (gammeldags, jordbruk) dyrke, bruke jorden, drive jordbruk, bearbeidelabour a point overdrive et poeng, understreke noe for sterkt, tvære ut en saklabour at jobbe medlabour for streve etter, streve forlabour the obvious utbrodere, gå i detaljerlabour to do something anstrenge seg for å gjøre noelabour under slite med, kjempe med, dras med, lide medlabour under a delusion sveve i en villfarelse, leve i en (feilaktig) tro -
79 labour
['leɪbə(r)] 1. (US labor) n( hard work) ciężka praca f; ( work force) siła f robocza; ( work done by work force) praca f; ( MED)2. vi 3. vtLabour, the Labour Party ( BRIT) — Partia Pracy
hard labour — ( toil) harówka (inf); ( punishment) ciężkie roboty
* * *['leibə] 1. noun1) (hard work: The building of the cathedral involved considerable labour over two centuries; People engaged in manual labour are often badly paid.) (ciężka) praca2) (workmen on a job: The firm is having difficulty hiring labour.) siła robocza3) ((in a pregnant woman etc) the process of childbirth: She was in labour for several hours before the baby was born.) poród4) (used (with capital) as a name for the Socialist party in the United Kingdom.) Partia Pracy2. verb1) (to be employed to do hard and unskilled work: He spends the summer labouring on a building site.) harować2) (to move or work etc slowly or with difficulty: They laboured through the deep undergrowth in the jungle; the car engine labours a bit on steep hills.) poruszać się z trudem, pracować z mozołem•- laboriously
- laboriousness
- labourer
- labour court
- labour dispute
- labour-saving -
80 hard
{ha:d}
I. 1. твърд, корав, втвърден
to become/get HARD втвърдявам се
2. здрав, як, кален
3. тежък, силен (за удар и пр.), труден, тежък, мъчен, усилен (за работа, времена и пр.), тежък, неотстъпчив (за харак тер)
this book is HARD reading тази книга мъчно се чете/е тежка
HARD case тежък случай (и прен.), закоравял престъпник
to learn something the HARD way научавам нещо без чужда помощ/от личен опит, изпитвам нещо на собствения си гръб
4. усърден, упорит, неуморен (за работник)
5. суров, строг, корав, безмилостен, безжалостен, неумолим, жесток
to be as HARD as flint сърцето ми е от камък, непреклонен/неотстъпчив съм
to be HARD on someone строг/безмилостен/взискателен съм към някого, съдя някого много строго
HARD fact жесток/груб/брутален/неоспорим факт
HARD look/expression студен/суров/изпитателен поглед/изражение
HARD feeling (s) озлобление, огорчеиме, неприязън
HARD words прен. тежки думи
HARD and fast строг, неотмeнен (за правило), строг (за разлика, дисциплина)
6. суров (за климат, сезон и пр.)
7. твърд, варовит (за вода)
8. рязък, ярък, крешящ (за цвят), рязък, остър, груб, металичен (за звук), рязко очертан (за сенки)
9. силен, спиртен (за питие)
10. фон. твърд, беззвучен
11. физ. проникващ (за радиация)
12. много вреден и водещ към пристрастяване (за наркотично средство)
13. висок, устойчив (за цена), стабилен, здрав, твърд (за валута)
HARD cash пари в брой. сухи пари, ам. звонкови пари
14. фот. контрастен
15. текст, камгарен
16. окончателен, твърд (за споразумение и пр.), сигурен, потвърден (за новини, данни и пр.)
good HARD sense здрав разум
17. хим. бавно разлагащ се, устойчив
to be HARD on one's clothes бързо износвам дрехите си
II. 1. твърдо, кораво
it froze HARD last night снощи имаше голям мраз, снощи земята съвсем замръзна
2. силно, енергично, с все сила, усилено, усърдно, много, без мярка
to be HARD at work работя усилено
to be HARD at it работя здравата
to swear HARD ругая грубо
3. мъчно, трудно, тежко, болезнено, с мъка, мъчително
it will go HARD with him няма да му бъде леко, ще има да пати
it comes/bears HARD on him тежко е за него, това е голям удар за него
to be HARD pressed/pushed/put to it, to have it HARD в (голямо) затруднение съм, в трудно/тежко положение съм
to he HARD up (for money) нямам никакви пари, на голям зор съм за пари
to be HARD up for an excuse/for something to do чудя се как да намеря извинение/какво да правя/как да си намеря занимание
to be HARD up for friends нямам приятели
HARD boought experience прен. скъпо платен опит, опит, който ми струва много
4. строго, изпитателно
5. наблизо, по петите, непосредствено
HARD by съвсем (на) близо
to run someone HARD, to be HARD upon someone по петите съм на някого
to follow HARD (up) on/after/behind идвам непосредствено след, следвам непосредствено
to be HARD upou sixty наближавам шестдесетте
it was HARD on eleven беше почти/наближаваше 11 часа
III. 1. бряг, подходящ за слизане от кораб
2. разг. каторжна работа (и HARD labour)
3. sl. ерекция* * *pressed, -pushed, -put {,ha:d'prest, -'pusht, -put} а затруднен,* * *усърден; як; строг; усилено; трудно; твърд; усилен; труден; твърдо; упорит; тежък; тежко; енергично; здрав; кораво; корав; мъчно;* * *1. 1 висок, устойчив (за цена), стабилен, здрав, твърд (за валута) 2. 1 много вреден и водещ към пристрастяване (за наркотично средство) 3. 1 окончателен, твърд (за споразумение и пр.), сигурен, потвърден (за новини, данни и пр.) 4. 1 текст, камгарен 5. 1 физ. проникващ (за радиация) 6. 1 фот. контрастен 7. 1 хим. бавно разлагащ се, устойчив 8. good hard sense здрав разум 9. hard and fast строг, неотмeнен (за правило), строг (за разлика, дисциплина) 10. hard boought experience прен. скъпо платен опит, опит, който ми струва много 11. hard by съвсем (на) близо 12. hard case тежък случай (и прен.), закоравял престъпник 13. hard cash пари в брой. сухи пари, ам. звонкови пари 14. hard fact жесток/груб/брутален/неоспорим факт 15. hard feeling (s) озлобление, огорчеиме, неприязън 16. hard look/expression студен/суров/изпитателен поглед/изражение 17. hard words прен. тежки думи 18. i. твърд, корав, втвърден 19. ii. твърдо, кораво 20. iii. бряг, подходящ за слизане от кораб 21. it comes/bears hard on him тежко е за него, това е голям удар за него 22. it froze hard last night снощи имаше голям мраз, снощи земята съвсем замръзна 23. it was hard on eleven беше почти/наближаваше 11 часа 24. it will go hard with him няма да му бъде леко, ще има да пати 25. sl. ерекция 26. this book is hard reading тази книга мъчно се чете/е тежка 27. to be as hard as flint сърцето ми е от камък, непреклонен/неотстъпчив съм 28. to be hard at it работя здравата 29. to be hard at work работя усилено 30. to be hard on one's clothes бързо износвам дрехите си 31. to be hard on someone строг/безмилостен/взискателен съм към някого, съдя някого много строго 32. to be hard pressed/pushed/put to it, to have it hard в (голямо) затруднение съм, в трудно/тежко положение съм 33. to be hard up for an excuse/for something to do чудя се как да намеря извинение/какво да правя/как да си намеря занимание 34. to be hard up for friends нямам приятели 35. to be hard upou sixty наближавам шестдесетте 36. to become/get hard втвърдявам се 37. to follow hard (up) on/after/behind идвам непосредствено след, следвам непосредствено 38. to he hard up (for money) нямам никакви пари, на голям зор съм за пари 39. to learn something the hard way научавам нещо без чужда помощ/от личен опит, изпитвам нещо на собствения си гръб 40. to run someone hard, to be hard upon someone по петите съм на някого 41. to swear hard ругая грубо 42. здрав, як, кален 43. мъчно, трудно, тежко, болезнено, с мъка, мъчително 44. наблизо, по петите, непосредствено 45. разг. каторжна работа (и hard labour) 46. рязък, ярък, крешящ (за цвят), рязък, остър, груб, металичен (за звук), рязко очертан (за сенки) 47. силен, спиртен (за питие) 48. силно, енергично, с все сила, усилено, усърдно, много, без мярка 49. строго, изпитателно 50. суров (за климат, сезон и пр.) 51. суров, строг, корав, безмилостен, безжалостен, неумолим, жесток 52. твърд, варовит (за вода) 53. тежък, силен (за удар и пр.), труден, тежък, мъчен, усилен (за работа, времена и пр.), тежък, неотстъпчив (за харак тер) 54. усърден, упорит, неуморен (за работник) 55. фон. твърд, беззвучен* * *hard [ha:d] I. adj 1. твърд, корав; to become ( get) \hard втвърдявам се; \hard as a brick ( as iron) твърд (корав) като камък (стомана); \hard tissues мед. втвърдени (склерозирани) тъкани; \hard food зоб; груба, мъчносмилаема храна; a \hard nut to crack прен. костелив орех, трудна задача; 2. здрав, як, кале́н (за човек); \hard as nails здрав като камък; 3. тежък, силен (за удар и пр.); труден, тежък, мъчен, усилен (за работа, времена и пр.); тежък, суров; студен; труден, неотстъпчив (за характер); to be \hard to please мъчно е да ми се угоди; to play \hard to get правя се на недостъпен; to be \hard of seeing слабо виждам, недовиждам; this book is \hard reading тази книга трудно се чете (е тежка); to try o.'s \hardest правя всичко възможно, полагам най-големи (всички) усилия; a \hard case тежък случай (и прен.); закоравял престъпник; to learn s.th. the \hard way научавам нещо без чужда помощ; научавам на свой гръб; 4. усърден, упорит, акуратен, неуморен (за работник); 5. суров, строг; корав, безмилостен, безжалостен, неумолим, жесток; нечувствителен; these last four years have been \hard on them последните четири години бяха трудни за тях; he/she is as \hard as flint сърцето му/ѝ е от камък; непреклонен (неотстъпчив) е; to be \hard on s.o. строг (безмилостен, взискателен) съм към някого; съдя някого много строго; no \hard feelings без лоши чувства; to be \hard on o.'s clothes бързо износвам дрехите си; a \hard fact жесток (груб, брутален) факт, неоспорим факт; a \hard fate жестока съдба; to have \hard luck нямам късмет, не ми върви; \hard luck ( lines)! sl \hard cheese жалко! нямаш (нямаме) късмет! a \hard look ( expression) студен (суров) поглед (изражение); \hard and fast строг, неотменен (за правило); строг (за разлика, дисциплина); мор. изхвърлен на брега; 6. суров (за климат, сезон и пр.); 7. твърд, варовит (за вода); 8. ярък, крещящ (за цвят); рязък, остър, груб (за звук); 9. силен, спиртен (за питие); 10. ез., разг. твърд; беззвучен; 11. висок (за цена); стабилен, здрав, твърд (за валута); 12. закален (за метал); 13. варовит (за вода); 14. твърд, проникващ (за радиация); 15. мъчнотопим (за стъкло); II. adv 1. твърдо, кораво; it froze \hard last night снощи имаше голям мраз, снощи земята съвсем замръзна; 2. силно енергично, с все сила, усилено; to pull ( row) \hard тегля (греба) силно; to be \hard at work работя усилено; to be \hard at it разг. работя здравата; 3. мъчно, трудно, тежко; болезнено, с мъка, мъчително; it is ( comes, bears) \hard on him/her тежко е за него/нея; това е голям удар за него/нея; to be \hard pressed ( pushed, put to it) в трудно (тежко) положение съм; to be \hard up ( for money) нямам пари, закъсал съм за пари; to be \hard up for an excuse не мога да намеря извинение; to be \hard up for s.th. to do не знам (чудя се) какво да правя, не мога да си намеря работа; to be \hard up against it, to have it \hard разг. в тежко положение съм; hard-got fortune състояние, спечелено с мъка; 4. много, без мярка; to drink \hard много пия, пиянствам; to swear \hard ругая грубо; 5. наблизо, по петите, непосредствено; to run s.o. \hard, to be \hard upon s.o. по петите съм на някого; to follow \hard (up)on, ( after, behind) идвам непосредствено след, следвам непосредствено; to be \hard upon forty наближавам четирийсетте; it is \hard on 6 почти 6 часа е; III. n 1. провинц. твърд бряг, подходящ за слизане от кораб; 2. разг. каторжна работа (и \hard labour); 3. пресован тютюн (за дъвчене); 4. pl отпадъци (при обработка на лен и пр.).
См. также в других словарях:
hard labour — noun Physical labour as an additional punishment to imprisonment, abolished in 1948 • • • Main Entry: ↑hard hard labour Compulsory work imposed in addition to imprisonment, abolished in the UK in 1948 • • • Main Entry: ↑labour * * * hard labour… … Useful english dictionary
hard labour — BrE hard labor AmE n [U] punishment in prison which consists of hard physical work … Dictionary of contemporary English
hard labour — ► NOUN ▪ heavy manual work as a punishment … English terms dictionary
hard labour — N UNCOUNT Hard labour is hard physical work which people have to do as punishment for a crime. The sentence of the court was twelve years hard labour, to be served in a British prison. (in AM, use hard labor) … English dictionary
hard labour — /had ˈleɪbə/ (say hahd laybuh) noun labour imposed on prisoners as a punishment, formerly as part of the sentence. Also, hard labor …
hard labour — BrE, hard labor AmE noun (U) punishment in prison which consists of hard physical work … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
hard labour — UK / US noun [uncountable] very hard physical work that some people have to do when they are in prison as a punishment … English dictionary
hard labour — noun heavy manual work as a punishment … English new terms dictionary
labour camp — ► NOUN ▪ a prison camp with a regime of hard labour … English terms dictionary
labour — labour1 W1S3 n BrE labor AmE ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(work)¦ 2¦(workers)¦ 3¦(baby)¦ 4 a labour of love 5 somebody s labours ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1.) ¦(WORK)¦[U] work, especially physical work ▪ … Dictionary of contemporary English
labour — 1 BrE, labor AmE noun 1 WORK (U) effort or work, especially physical work: The garage charges 30 an hour for labour. | manual labour (=work with tools you hold in your hands): Building still involves a lot of manual labour. | withdraw your labour … Longman dictionary of contemporary English