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1 gravity operated
grawitacyjnyopadowy działający pod wpływem własnego ciężaru -
2 gravity operated
Англо-русский словарь по ядерным испытаниям и горному делу > gravity operated
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3 gravity-operated
English-Russian dictionary on nuclear energy > gravity-operated
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4 gravity operated take-up device
English-german engineering dictionary > gravity operated take-up device
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5 gravity operated tensioning device
English-german engineering dictionary > gravity operated tensioning device
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6 gravity-operated track
English-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > gravity-operated track
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7 gravity-operated track
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > gravity-operated track
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8 gravity-operated hump classification yard
< railw> ■ Ablaufbergrangieranlage fEnglish-german technical dictionary > gravity-operated hump classification yard
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9 gravity-operated take-up device
English-german technical dictionary > gravity-operated take-up device
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10 gravity-operated shutter
English-russian dictionary of physics > gravity-operated shutter
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11 gravity-operated gate valve
English-Russian dictionary on nuclear energy > gravity-operated gate valve
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12 gravity-operated sbutter
English-Russian dictionary on nuclear energy > gravity-operated sbutter
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13 gravity track
= gravity-operated track1) гравитационный транспортёр или конвейерEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > gravity track
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14 gravity
noun2) (Phys., Astron.) Gravitation, die; Schwerkraft, diethe law/force of gravity — das Gravitationsgesetz/die Schwerkraft
centre of gravity — (lit. or fig.) Schwerpunkt, der
* * *['ɡræ-]noun The gravity of the situation was clear to us all.) der Ernst* * *grav·ity[ˈgrævəti, AM -ət̬i]n no plthe force of \gravity die Schwerkraftthe law of \gravity das Gesetz der Schwerkraft* * *['grvItɪ]ngravity feed — Fall- or Schwerkraftspeisung f
2) (= seriousness of person, expression, situation, matter, threat) Ernst m; (of mistake, illness, crime) Schwere f; (of danger, problem, difficulty) Größe f; (of consequences) schwerwiegende Art* * *gravity [ˈɡrævətı]A s1. Ernst m:a) Feierlichkeit f:b) Bedenklichkeit f, Bedrohlichkeit f:the gravity of the situation der Ernst der Lage;c) Gesetztheit fd) Schwere f2. MUS Tiefe f (eines Tons)3. PHYSa) Gravitation f, Schwerkraft fB adj nach dem Gesetz der Schwerkraft arbeitend:gravity feed Gefällezuführung f;gravity-operated durch Schwerkraft betrieben, Schwerkraft…g abk* * *noun2) (Phys., Astron.) Gravitation, die; Schwerkraft, diethe law/force of gravity — das Gravitationsgesetz/die Schwerkraft
centre of gravity — (lit. or fig.) Schwerpunkt, der
* * *n.Anziehungskraft f.Erdanziehungskraft f.Erdschwere f.Ernst nur sing. m.Gesetztheit f.Gravitation f.Schwere f.Schwerhraft f.Schwerkraft f. -
15 gravity-weight operated take-up device
English-german engineering dictionary > gravity-weight operated take-up device
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16 gravity-weight operated tensioning device
gravity-weight operated tensioning device FÖRD, TECH Gewichtsspannvorrichtung f (eines Förderbandes)English-german engineering dictionary > gravity-weight operated tensioning device
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17 operated operate by gravity
Горное дело: приводимый силой тяжестиУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > operated operate by gravity
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18 operated by gravity
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19 Stephenson, George
[br]b. 9 June 1781 Wylam, Northumberland, Englandd. 12 August 1848 Tapton House, Chesterfield, England[br]English engineer, "the father of railways".[br]George Stephenson was the son of the fireman of the pumping engine at Wylam colliery, and horses drew wagons of coal along the wooden rails of the Wylam wagonway past the house in which he was born and spent his earliest childhood. While still a child he worked as a cowherd, but soon moved to working at coal pits. At 17 years of age he showed sufficient mechanical talent to be placed in charge of a new pumping engine, and had already achieved a job more responsible than that of his father. Despite his position he was still illiterate, although he subsequently learned to read and write. He was largely self-educated.In 1801 he was appointed Brakesman of the winding engine at Black Callerton pit, with responsibility for lowering the miners safely to their work. Then, about two years later, he became Brakesman of a new winding engine erected by Robert Hawthorn at Willington Quay on the Tyne. Returning collier brigs discharged ballast into wagons and the engine drew the wagons up an inclined plane to the top of "Ballast Hill" for their contents to be tipped; this was one of the earliest applications of steam power to transport, other than experimentally.In 1804 Stephenson moved to West Moor pit, Killingworth, again as Brakesman. In 1811 he demonstrated his mechanical skill by successfully modifying a new and unsatisfactory atmospheric engine, a task that had defeated the efforts of others, to enable it to pump a drowned pit clear of water. The following year he was appointed Enginewright at Killingworth, in charge of the machinery in all the collieries of the "Grand Allies", the prominent coal-owning families of Wortley, Liddell and Bowes, with authorization also to work for others. He built many stationary engines and he closely examined locomotives of John Blenkinsop's type on the Kenton \& Coxlodge wagonway, as well as those of William Hedley at Wylam.It was in 1813 that Sir Thomas Liddell requested George Stephenson to build a steam locomotive for the Killingworth wagonway: Blucher made its first trial run on 25 July 1814 and was based on Blenkinsop's locomotives, although it lacked their rack-and-pinion drive. George Stephenson is credited with building the first locomotive both to run on edge rails and be driven by adhesion, an arrangement that has been the conventional one ever since. Yet Blucher was far from perfect and over the next few years, while other engineers ignored the steam locomotive, Stephenson built a succession of them, each an improvement on the last.During this period many lives were lost in coalmines from explosions of gas ignited by miners' lamps. By observation and experiment (sometimes at great personal risk) Stephenson invented a satisfactory safety lamp, working independently of the noted scientist Sir Humphry Davy who also invented such a lamp around the same time.In 1817 George Stephenson designed his first locomotive for an outside customer, the Kilmarnock \& Troon Railway, and in 1819 he laid out the Hetton Colliery Railway in County Durham, for which his brother Robert was Resident Engineer. This was the first railway to be worked entirely without animal traction: it used inclined planes with stationary engines, self-acting inclined planes powered by gravity, and locomotives.On 19 April 1821 Stephenson was introduced to Edward Pease, one of the main promoters of the Stockton \& Darlington Railway (S \& DR), which by coincidence received its Act of Parliament the same day. George Stephenson carried out a further survey, to improve the proposed line, and in this he was assisted by his 18-year-old son, Robert Stephenson, whom he had ensured received the theoretical education which he himself lacked. It is doubtful whether either could have succeeded without the other; together they were to make the steam railway practicable.At George Stephenson's instance, much of the S \& DR was laid with wrought-iron rails recently developed by John Birkinshaw at Bedlington Ironworks, Morpeth. These were longer than cast-iron rails and were not brittle: they made a track well suited for locomotives. In June 1823 George and Robert Stephenson, with other partners, founded a firm in Newcastle upon Tyne to build locomotives and rolling stock and to do general engineering work: after its Managing Partner, the firm was called Robert Stephenson \& Co.In 1824 the promoters of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway (L \& MR) invited George Stephenson to resurvey their proposed line in order to reduce opposition to it. William James, a wealthy land agent who had become a visionary protagonist of a national railway network and had seen Stephenson's locomotives at Killingworth, had promoted the L \& MR with some merchants of Liverpool and had carried out the first survey; however, he overreached himself in business and, shortly after the invitation to Stephenson, became bankrupt. In his own survey, however, George Stephenson lacked the assistance of his son Robert, who had left for South America, and he delegated much of the detailed work to incompetent assistants. During a devastating Parliamentary examination in the spring of 1825, much of his survey was shown to be seriously inaccurate and the L \& MR's application for an Act of Parliament was refused. The railway's promoters discharged Stephenson and had their line surveyed yet again, by C.B. Vignoles.The Stockton \& Darlington Railway was, however, triumphantly opened in the presence of vast crowds in September 1825, with Stephenson himself driving the locomotive Locomotion, which had been built at Robert Stephenson \& Co.'s Newcastle works. Once the railway was at work, horse-drawn and gravity-powered traffic shared the line with locomotives: in 1828 Stephenson invented the horse dandy, a wagon at the back of a train in which a horse could travel over the gravity-operated stretches, instead of trotting behind.Meanwhile, in May 1826, the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway had successfully obtained its Act of Parliament. Stephenson was appointed Engineer in June, and since he and Vignoles proved incompatible the latter left early in 1827. The railway was built by Stephenson and his staff, using direct labour. A considerable controversy arose c. 1828 over the motive power to be used: the traffic anticipated was too great for horses, but the performance of the reciprocal system of cable haulage developed by Benjamin Thompson appeared in many respects superior to that of contemporary locomotives. The company instituted a prize competition for a better locomotive and the Rainhill Trials were held in October 1829.Robert Stephenson had been working on improved locomotive designs since his return from America in 1827, but it was the L \& MR's Treasurer, Henry Booth, who suggested the multi-tubular boiler to George Stephenson. This was incorporated into a locomotive built by Robert Stephenson for the trials: Rocket was entered by the three men in partnership. The other principal entrants were Novelty, entered by John Braithwaite and John Ericsson, and Sans Pareil, entered by Timothy Hackworth, but only Rocket, driven by George Stephenson, met all the organizers' demands; indeed, it far surpassed them and demonstrated the practicability of the long-distance steam railway. With the opening of the Liverpool \& Manchester Railway in 1830, the age of railways began.Stephenson was active in many aspects. He advised on the construction of the Belgian State Railway, of which the Brussels-Malines section, opened in 1835, was the first all-steam railway on the European continent. In England, proposals to link the L \& MR with the Midlands had culminated in an Act of Parliament for the Grand Junction Railway in 1833: this was to run from Warrington, which was already linked to the L \& MR, to Birmingham. George Stephenson had been in charge of the surveys, and for the railway's construction he and J.U. Rastrick were initially Principal Engineers, with Stephenson's former pupil Joseph Locke under them; by 1835 both Stephenson and Rastrick had withdrawn and Locke was Engineer-in-Chief. Stephenson remained much in demand elsewhere: he was particularly associated with the construction of the North Midland Railway (Derby to Leeds) and related lines. He was active in many other places and carried out, for instance, preliminary surveys for the Chester \& Holyhead and Newcastle \& Berwick Railways, which were important links in the lines of communication between London and, respectively, Dublin and Edinburgh.He eventually retired to Tapton House, Chesterfield, overlooking the North Midland. A man who was self-made (with great success) against colossal odds, he was ever reluctant, regrettably, to give others their due credit, although in retirement, immensely wealthy and full of honour, he was still able to mingle with people of all ranks.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, on its formation in 1847. Order of Leopold (Belgium) 1835. Stephenson refused both a knighthood and Fellowship of the Royal Society.Bibliography1815, jointly with Ralph Dodd, British patent no. 3,887 (locomotive drive by connecting rods directly to the wheels).1817, jointly with William Losh, British patent no. 4,067 (steam springs for locomotives, and improvements to track).Further ReadingL.T.C.Rolt, 1960, George and Robert Stephenson, Longman (the best modern biography; includes a bibliography).S.Smiles, 1874, The Lives of George and Robert Stephenson, rev. edn, London (although sycophantic, this is probably the best nineteenthcentury biography).PJGR -
20 track
1) след || следить, отслеживать; прослеживать2) транспортёр; конвейер3) траектория, траектория движения4) рельсовый путь; колея5) направляющая6) дорожка качения ( подшипника)7) гусеница; гусеничная цепь10) дорожка перфорации ( на ленте)11) канал; дорожка12) проводник; связь ( на плате)13) запись, дорожка записи•- annular trackto track down — отыскивать; обнаруживать ( неисправность)
- assembly track
- ball track
- belt track
- bidirectional tracks
- buffer track
- buried wire track
- cam track
- conducting track
- conveyor track
- crane track
- deposit track
- discontinuous track
- dwell track
- electrically powered track
- elevated track
- endless track
- exit track
- feed track
- full-length robot track
- gear track
- gravity track
- gravity-operated track
- guide track
- helical track
- input track
- laser track
- link track
- load track
- loading track
- machining track
- melted-through track
- multiroller conveyor track
- output track
- overhead track
- pallet transfer track
- rail track
- railroad track
- robot track
- roller track
- storage track
- table track
- target track
- track of parts
- transfer track
- unload track
- unloading trackEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > track
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См. также в других словарях:
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