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81 сила
force
- (при расчете на прочность) — load
-, аэродинамическая — aerodynamic force
сила, воздействующая на тело при обтекании его воздушным потоком. — the force exerted by а moving gaseous fluid upon а body completely immersed in it
-, аэродинамическая подъемная — lift (l)
- аэродинамического сопротивления — drag (d)
-, аэростатическая подъемная — aerostatic lift
разность между весами равных объемов воздуха и газа, который легче воздуха. — the difference between the weight of а volume of air and of an equal volume of a gas lighter-than-air under given conditions.
-, боковая — lateral force
-, боковая (для случая нагружения) — side load. for the side load condition, the airplane is assumed to be in the level attitude.
- бокового ветра — crosswind force
- ветра — wind force
-, внешняя (напряжения, среза и т.п.) — external force. as tension, shear, etc.
-, внешняя (действующая на гироскоп) — applied torque
-, внутренняя — internal force
- возмущения (напр., воздействующая на акселерометр или гироскоп) — disturbing force
- восстановления (акселерометра или гироскопа) — restoring force
-, гравитационная — force of gravity
- давления — pressure force
- девиации силы магнитного поля ла, действующие на магнитный компас. — deviation force
-, действующая — acting force
-, действующая вдоль траектории полета — force acting in the direction of flightpath
-, действующая на... — force acting /exerted/ on...
- (усилие) летчика, действующая на органы управления самолетом — pilot force
аэродинамические нагрузки на поверхности управления не должны превышать усилий летчика на соответствующие органы управленияю. — the air loads on movable surfaces and the corresponding deflections need not exceed those that would result in flight from the application of any pilot force.
- (усилие) летчика, действующая на ручку управления — stick pilot force
-, действующая на самолет — force acting on the airplane
в прямолинейном горизонтальном полете на самолет действуют следующие силы: подъемная сила, вес, тяга, лобовое сопротивление (рис. 141). — there are four net forces acting on the airplane in straight and level flight: lift, weight, thrust, drag.
-, демпфирующая — damping force
- инерции — inertial force
сила инерции пропорциональна и противоположно направлена силе ускорения. — inertial force is proportional and directionally opposite to the accelerating force.
-, кажущаяся подъемная — apparent lift
- кручения — torsional force
- лобового сопротивления — drag (d)
аэродинамическая сила, направленная против движения самолета. — а retarding force acting upon an aircraft in motion through the air.
-, ложная подъемная — false lift
-, лошадиная (лс) — horsepower (hp)
единица измерения мощности — а unit of power, or the capacity of a mechanism to do work.
-, мгновенная — momentary force
- несущего винта, подъемная — rotor lift
подъемная сила несущего винта равна весу вертолета. — rotor lift equal to the rotorcraft weight.
-, неуравновешенная — out-of-balance force
-, нулевая подъемная — zero lift
-, осевая — axial force
-, отрицательная подъемная — negative lift
- поверхностного трения (обшивки) — skin-friction force
-, подъемная — lift (l)
составляющая полной аэродинамической силы, перпендикулярная направлению невозмущенного потока, обтекающего ла. — that component of the total aerodynamic force acting on an aircraft perpendicular to the undisturbed airflow relative to the aircraft.
-, полная подъемная — total lift
-, поперечная — lateral force
-, потребная подъемная — required lift
-, приложенная — applied force
-, противодействующая — counterforce
-, равнодействующая — resultant force
сила эквивалентная рассматриваемой системе сил, приложенных к телу. — the single force which, if acting alone, would produce the same effect as several forces combined.
-, располагаемая подъемная — available lift
-, реактивная — reactive force
- реакции — reaction
- реакции, вертикальная — vertical reaction
the vertical reactions must be combined with horizontal drag reactions.
- света — light intensity
- света в перекрывающихся световых пучках (ано) — intensity in overlaps between adjacent signals
- света, мгновенная — instantaneous (light) intensity
-, составляющая — component force
-, статическая подъемная — static lift
- сцепления (при склейке) — adhesive force
-, термоэлектродвижущая — thermoelectromotive force (temf)
- тока — current (intensity)
- трения — friction force
- тяги — thrust
толкающая или тянущая сила, создаваемая возд. винтом или трд. — the pushing or pulling force developed by an aircraft engine or a propeller.
- тяжести — gravity
- удара — impact force
-, управляющая — control force
-, уравновешенная — balanced force
-, уравновешивающая — balancing force
- ускорения — acceleration /accelerating/ force
-, центробежная — centrifugal force
сила, возникающая во вращающемся теле, направленная от центра (оси) вращения. — a force in а rotating system, deflecting masses radially outward from the axis of rotation.
-, центростремительная — centripetal force
-, чистая подъемная — net lift
-, электродвижущая (эдс) — electromotive force (emf)
влияние с. — force effect
действие с. — action of force
приложение с. — application of force
вступать в с. (о документе) — be effective
создавать подъемную с. — create /produce/ liftРусско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > сила
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82 عوض
عَوَّضَ \ make amends: to show that one is sorry, by doing sth. helpful: I must make amends for the harm I have done. \ عَوَّضَ عَلَى \ remunerate: to pay sb. for some service given. \ See Also كافأ (كَافَأَ) \ عَوَّضَ عَن \ compensate: to make a suitable payment for some loss or bad effect: Many companies compensate their workers if they are hurt at work. compensate for: to provide sth. good that makes a loss or bad effect seem less: Nothing can compensate (me) for the loss of my husband. make up for: to do sth. to put right (a wrong, a loss, etc.): You must make up for lost time by working late today. -
83 τύπος
τύπος, ου, ὁ (Aeschyl., Hdt.+; ins in var. senses: New Docs 4, 41f; loanw. in rabb.).① a mark made as the result of a blow or pressure, mark, trace (Posidon.: 169 Fgm. 1 Jac.; Anth. Pal. 6, 57, 5 ὀδόντων; Athen. 13, 49, 585c τῶν πληγῶν; Diog. L. 7, 45; 50 of a seal-ring; ViJer 13 [p. 73, 10 Sch.]; Philo, Mos. 1, 119; Jos., Bell. 3, 420; PGM 4, 1429; 5, 307.—ὁ ἐκ τῆς αἰσθήσεως τ. ἐν διανοίᾳ γινόμενος Did., Gen. 217, 19) τῶν ἥλων J 20:25ab (v.l. τὸν τόπον).—This may be the place for οἱ τύποι τῶν λίθων Hs 9, 10, 1f (taking a stone out of the ground leaves a hole that bears the contours of the stone, but in effect the stone has made the impression; s. KLake, Apost. Fathers II, 1917; MDibelius, Hdb. But s. 4 below).② embodiment of characteristics or function of a model, copy, image (cp. Artem. 2, 85 the children are τύπ. of their parents.—Cp. ὁ γὰρ ἥλιος ἐν τύπῳ θεοῦ ἐστιν Theoph. Ant. 2, 15 [p. 138, 8]) the master is a τύπος θεοῦ image of God to the slave B 19:7; D 4:11. The supervisor/bishop is τύπος τοῦ πατρός ITr 3:1; cp. IMg 6:1ab (in both instances here, τύπον is Zahn’s conjecture, favored by Lghtf., for τόπον, which is unanimously read by Gk. and Lat. mss., and which can be retained, with Funk, Hilgenfeld, Krüger, Bihlmeyer).③ an object formed to resemble some entity, image, statue of any kind of material (Hdt. 3, 88,3 τύπ. λίθινος. Of images of the gods Herodian 5, 5, 6; Jos., Ant. 1, 311 τ. τύπους τῶν θεῶν; 15, 329; SibOr 3, 14) Ac 7:43 (Am 5:26).④ a kind, class, or thing that suggests a model or pattern, form, figure, pattern (Aeschyl. et al.; Pla., Rep. 387c; 397c) ἐποίησεν ἡμᾶς ἄλλον τύπον he has made us people of a different stamp B 6:11. τύπος διδαχῆς pattern of teaching Ro 6:17 (cp. διδαχή 2; Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 23, 105 τὸν τύπον τῆς διδασκαλίας.—The use of τύπος for the imperial ‘rescripts’ [e.g. OGI 521, 5; s. note 4, esp. the reff. for θεῖος τύπος] appears too late to merit serious consideration.—JKürzinger, Biblica 39, ’58, 156–76; ELee, NTS 8, ’61/62, 166–73 [‘mold’]). Of the form (of expression) (Dionys. Hal., Ad Pomp. 4, 2 Rad.; PLips 121, 28 [II A.D.]; POxy 1460, 12) γράψας ἐπιστολὴν ἔχουσαν τὸν τύπον τοῦτον (cp. EpArist 34 ἐπιστολὴ τὸν τύπον ἔχουσα τοῦτον) somewhat as follows, after this manner, to this effect (so numerous versions) Ac 23:25, but s. next.—On τοὺς τύπους τῶν λίθων ἀναπληροῦν Hs 9, 10, 1 s. ἀναπληρόω 3 and 1 above.⑤ the content of a document, text, content (Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 35, 259 τύπος τ. γεγραμμένων; 3 Macc 3:30; PFlor 278 II, 20 [III A.D.] τῷ αὐτῷ τύπῳ κ. χρόνῳ=of the same content and date) Ac 23:25 (EpArist 34 ἐπιστολὴ τὸν τύπον ἔχουσα τοῦτον). Cp. POxy 3366, 28 (of a copy of a letter), 32 (the original). S. New Docs 1, 77f (with caution against confusing rhetorical practice in composition of speeches and the inclusion of letters whose value lay in their verbatim expression). For a difft. view s. 4 above; more ambivalently Hemer, Acts 347f.⑥ an archetype serving as a model, type, pattern, model (Pla., Rep. 379a περὶ θεολογίας)ⓐ technically design, pattern (Diod S 14, 41, 4) Ac 7:44; Hb 8:5 (cp. on both Ex 25:40).ⓑ in the moral life example, pattern (OGI 383, 212 [I B.C.] τ. εὐσεβείας; SibOr 1, 380; Did., Gen. 125, 27; in a pejorative sense 4 Macc 6:19 ἀσεβείας τύπ.) τύπος γίνου τῶν πιστῶν 1 Ti 4:12.—Phil 3:17; 1 Th 1:7; 2 Th 3:9; Tit 2:7; 1 Pt 5:3; IMg 6:2.—S. ESelwyn, 1 Pt ’46, 298f.ⓒ of the types given by God as an indication of the future, in the form of persons or things (cp. Philo, Op. M. 157; Iren. 1, 6, 4 [Harv. I 74, 3]); of Adam: τύπος τοῦ μέλλοντος (Ἀδάμ) a type of the Adam to come (i.e. of Christ) Ro 5:14. Cp. 1 Cor 10:6, 11 v.l.; B 7:3, 7, 10f; 8:1; 12:2, 5f, 10; 13:5. χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς … ἑαυτὸν τύπον ἔδειξε Jesus Christ showed himself as the prime exemplar of the resurrection AcPlCor 2:6 (cp. Just., D. 40, 1 τύπος ἦν τοῦ χριστοῦ). Also of the pictorial symbols that Hermas sees, and their deeper meaning Hv 3, 11, 4. The vision serves εἰς τύπον τῆς θλίψεως τῆς ἐπερχομένης as a symbol or foreshadowing of the tribulation to come 4, 1, 1; cp. 4, 2, 5; 4, 3, 6. The two trees are to be εἰς τύπον τοῖς δούλοις τοῦ θεοῦ Hs 2:2a; cp. b.—ἐν τύπῳ χωρίου Ῥωμαίων IRo ins is a conjecture by Zahn for ἐν τόπῳ χ. Ῥ., which is read by all mss. and makes good sense.—AvBlumenthal, Τύπος u. παράδειγμα: Her 63, 1928, 391–414; LGoppelt, Typos. D. typolog. Deutung des AT im Neuen ’39; RBultmann, TLZ 75, ’50, cols. 205–12; AFridrichsen et al., The Root of the Vine (typology) ’53; GLampe and KWoollcombe, Essays in Typology, ’57; KOstmeyer, NTS 46, ’00, 112–31.—New Docs 1, 77f; 4, 41. DELG s.v. τύπτω B. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv. -
84 ὄνομα
ὄνομα, ατος, τό (Hom.+).① proper name of an entity, nameⓐ gener. τῶν ἀποστόλων τὰ ὀνόματα ἐστιν ταῦτα Mt 10:2; cp. Rv 21:14. τῶν παρθένων τὰ ὀν. Hs 9, 15, 1. τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρός Lk 1:59. ὄν. μοι, sc. ἐστίν, my name is (Od. 9, 366) Mk 5:9b. τί ὄν. σοι; what is your name? vs. 9a; w. copula Lk 8:30.—The expressions ᾧ (ᾗ) ὄν., οὗ τὸ ὄν., καὶ τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ (αὐτῆς), ὄν. αὐτῷ (parenthetic) are almost always without the copula (B-D-F §128, 3; Rob. 395): ᾧ (ᾗ) ὄν. (Sb 7573, 13 [116 A.D.]; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 5 Jac.; Just., A I, 53, 8 ᾧ ὄν. Λώτ) Lk 1:26, 27a; 2:25; 8:41; 24:13, 18 v.l.; Ac 13:6.—οὗ τὸ ὄν. (without a verb as BGU 344, 1) Mk 14:32. Cp. ὧν τὰ ὀνόματα ἐν βίβλῳ ζωῆς Phil 4:3 (ὧν τὰ ὀν. is a formula [Dssm., LO 95=LAE 121]. S. esp. BGU 432 II, 3 ὧν τὰ ὀν. τῷ βιβλιδίῳ δεδήλωται).—καὶ τὸ ὄν. αὐτῆς Lk 1:5b. καὶ τὸ ὄν. τῆς παρθένου Μαριάμ vs. 27b.—ὄν. αὐτῷ (Demosth. 32, 11 Ἀριστοφῶν ὄνομʼ αὐτῷ; Dionys. Hal. 8, 89, 4; Aelian, NA 8, 2 γυνὴ … Ἡρακληὶς ὄν. αὐτῇ; LXX) J 1:6; 3:1. ὁ καθήμενος ἐπάνω αὐτοῦ (i.e. τοῦ ἵππου), ὄν. αὐτῷ (ὁ) θάνατος Rv 6:8; cp. 9:11a.—W. the copula ἦν δὲ ὄν. τῷ δούλῳ Μάλχος J 18:10 (POxy 465, 12 ὁ δὲ κραταιὸς αὐτοῦ, ὄν. αὐτῷ ἐστιν Νεβύ, μηνύει; Jos., Ant. 19, 332). ἄγγελος …, οὗ τὸ ὄν. ἐστιν Θεγρί Hv 4, 2, 4.—The dat. is quite freq. ὀνόματι named, by name (X., Hell. 1, 6, 29 Σάμιος ὀνόματι Ἱππεύς; Tob 6:11 BA; 4 Macc 5:4; Just., D. 85, 6; 115, 3; B-D-F §160; 197; Rob. 487) ἄνθρωπον ὀν. Σίμωνα Mt 27:32; cp. Mk 5:22; Lk 1:5a; 5:27; 10:38; 16:20; 23:50; 24:18; Ac 5:1, 34; 8:9; 9:10–12, 33, 36; 10:1; 11:28; 12:13; 16:1, 14; 17:34; 18:2, 7, 24; 19:24; 20:9; 21:10; 27:1; 28:7; MPol 4. Also the acc. τοὔνομα (on the crasis s. B-D-F §18; Mlt-H. 63; FPreisigke, Griech. Urkunden des ägypt. Mus. zu Kairo [1911] 2, 6 γυνὴ Ταμοῦνις τοὔνομα; Diod S 2, 45, 4 πόλιν τοὔνομα Θ.; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 3; Philo, Leg. All. 1, 68; Jos., Ant. 7, 344, Vi. 382) named, by name (the acc. as X. et al., also 2 Macc 12:13; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 5 Jac. υἱὸν ὄ. Δάν.—B-D-F §160; Rob. 487) Mt 27:57. (Cp. ὄν. gener. as ‘mode of expression’ εἰ καὶ διάφορα ὀνόματα ἐστιν, ἀλλʼ … οἰκείαν … δέχεται τὴν νόησιν although there are various ways of expressing it, it nevertheless has a definite sense Did., Gen. 86, 22 [of various metaphors and images for the soul].)ⓑ used w. verbsα. as their obj.: ὄν. ἔχειν Did., Gen. 29, 6 bear the name or as name, be named ὄν. ἔχει Ἀπολλύων Rv 9:11b (in this case the name Ἀ. stands independently in the nom.; B-D-F §143; Rob. 458). καλεῖν τὸ ὄν. τινος w. the name foll. in the acc. (after the Hb.; B-D-F §157, 2; Rob. 459) καλέσεις τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ Ἰησοῦν you are to name him Jesus Mt 1:21; Lk 1:31.—Mt 1:25. καλέσεις τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ Ἰωάννην Lk 1:13. καλέσουσιν τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ Ἐμμανουήλ Mt 1:23 (Is 7:14). διδόναι GJs 6:2. Pass. w. the name in the nom. (cp. GrBar 6:10 Φοῖνιξ καλεῖται τὸ ὄν. μου) ἐκλήθη τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ Ἰησοῦς Lk 2:21; cp. Rv 19:13. Also τὸ ὄν. τοῦ ἀστέρος λέγεται ὁ ῎ Αψινθος Rv 8:11.—ἐπιθεῖναι ὄν. τινι w. acc. of the name Mk 3:16f; cp. 12:8f; κληρονομεῖν ὄν. receive a name Hb 1:4=1 Cl 36:2. κληροῦσθαι τὸ αὐτὸ ὄν. obtain the same name (s. κληρόω 2) MPol 6:2.—τὰ ὀν. ὑμῶν ἐγγέγραπται ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς Lk 10:20.—Rv 13:8; 17:8. ἐξαλείψω τὸ ὄν. αὐτῶν 1 Cl 53:3 (Dt 9:14); Rv 3:5a (perh. to be placed in 4 below); s. ἐξαλείφω.β. in another way (εἰ δέ τις ὀνόματι καλέσει but if anyone is so named Hippol., Ref. 6, 20, 2): ὸ̔ς καλεῖται τῷ ὀνόματι τούτῳ who is so named Lk 1:61. ἀνὴρ ὀνόματι καλούμενος Ζακχαῖος a man whose name was Zacchaeus 19:2. καλεῖν τι (i.e. παιδίον) ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματί τινος name someone after someone 1:59. Cp. IMg 10:1. This leads toⓒ used w. prepositions: ἐξ ὀνόματος (Ctesias, Ind. p. 105 M.: Diod S 13, 15, 1; 37, 15, 2; Appian, Mithrid. 59, §243, Bell. Civ. 3, 21 §77; 4, 73 §310; PGM 4, 2973; Jos., Ant. 2, 275) by name, individually, one by one (so that no one is lost in the crowd) ἐξ ὀν. πάντας ζήτει IPol 4:2. ἀσπάζομαι πάντας ἐξ ὀνόματος 8:2. πάντες ἐξ ὀν. συνέρχεσθε (parallel to κατʼ ἄνδρα) IEph 20:2.—κατʼ ὄν. by name, individually (Diod S 16, 44, 2; Gen 25:13; EpArist 247; Jos., Bell. 7, 14) J 10:3 (New Docs 3, 77f; animals called individually by name: Ps.-Aristot., Mirabil. 118.—HAlmqvist, Plut. u. das NT ’46, 74). Esp. in greetings (BGU 27, 18 [II A.D.] ἀσπάζομαι πάντας τοὺς φιλοῦντάς σε κατʼ ὄν.; POxy 1070, 46; pap in Dssm., LO 160/1, ln. 14f [LAE 193, ln. 15, note 21]; New Docs 3, 77f) 3J 15; ISm 13:2b. ῥάβδους ἐπιγεγραμμένας ἑκάστης φυλῆς κατʼ ὄν. staffs, each one inscribed with the name of a tribe 1 Cl 43:2b.ⓓ used in combination with God and Jesus. On the significance of the Divine Name in history of religions s. FGiesebrecht, Die atl. Schätzung des Gottesnamens 1901; Bousset, Rel.3 309ff; ADieterich, Eine Mithrasliturgie 1903, 110ff; FConybeare, JQR 8, 1896; 9, 1897, esp. 9, 581ff; JBoehmer, Das bibl. ‘im Namen’ 1898, BFCT V 6, 1901, 49ff, Studierstube 2, 1904, 324ff; 388ff; 452ff; 516ff; 580ff; BJacob, Im Namen Gottes 1903;WHeitmüller, ‘Im Namen Jesu’ 1903; WBrandt, TT 25, 1891, 565ff; 26, 1892, 193ff; 38, 1904, 355ff; RHirzel, Der Name: ASG 36, 2, 1918; Schürer III4 409–11; HObbink, De magische betekenis van den naam inzonderheid in het oude Egypte 1925; OGrether, Name u. Wort Gottes im AT ’34; HHuffman, Name: 1148–52.—The belief in the efficacy of the name is extremely old; its origin goes back to the most ancient times and the most primitive forms of intellectual and religious life. It has exhibited an extraordinary vitality. The period of our lit. also sees—within as well as without the new community of believers—in the name someth. real, a piece of the very nature of the personality whom it designates, expressing the person’s qualities and powers. Accordingly, names, esp. holy names, are revered and used in customary practices and ritual (σέβεσθαι θεῶν ὀνόματα Theoph. Ant., 1, 9 [p. 76, 7]), including magic. In Israelite tradition the greatest reverence was paid to the holy name of God and to its numerous paraphrases or substitutes; the names of angels and patriarchs occupied a secondary place. The syncretistic practices of the period revered the names of gods, daemons, and heroes, or even magic words that made no sense at all, but had a mysterious sound. The Judeo-Christians revere and use the name of God and, of course, the name of Jesus. On magic in Jewish circles, s. Schürer III 342–79; for the NT period in general s. MSmith, Clement of Alexandria and a Secret Gospel of Mark ’73, 195–230.—The names of God and Jesusα. in combination w. attributes: διαφορώτερον ὄν. a more excellent name Hb 1:4=1 Cl 36:2 (διάφορος 2). ἅγιον τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ Lk 1:49 (cp. Ps 110:9; Lev 18:21; 22:2; PGM 3, 570; 627; 4, 1005; 3071; 5, 77; 13, 561 μέγα κ. ἅγιον). τὸ μεγαλοπρεπὲς καὶ ἅγιον ὄν. αὐτοῦ 1 Cl 64; τὸ μέγα καὶ ἔνδοξον ὄν. Hv 4, 1, 3; 4, 2, 4 (on ἔνδοξον ὄν., cp. EPeterson, Εἷ θεός 1926, 282.—ὄν. μέγα κ. ἅγ. κ. ἔνδ.: PGM 13, 183f; 504f). τὸ μέγα καὶ θαυμαστὸν καὶ ἔνδοξον ὄν. Hs 9, 18, 5; τὸ πανάγιον καὶ ἔνδοξον ὄν. 1 Cl 58:1a; τοῦ παντοκράτορος καὶ ἐνδόξου ὄν. Hv 3, 3, 5; τὸ πανάρετον ὄν. 1 Cl 45:7; τῷ παντοκράτορι καὶ ἐνδόξῳ ὀνόματι 60:4; τὸ ὁσιώτατον τῆς μεγαλωσύνης αὐτοῦ ὄν. 58:1b. τὸ ὄν. μου θαυμαστὸν ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσι D 14:3 (cp. Mal 1:14). The words ὄν. θεοπρεπέστατον IMg 1:2 are difficult to interpret (s. Hdb. ad loc.; θεοπρεπής b).β. in combination w. verbs: ἁγιάζειν τὸ ὄν. Mt 6:9 (AFridrichsen, Helligt vorde dit naun: DTT 8, 1917, 1–16). Lk 11:2; D 8:2 (ἁγιάζω 3). βλασφημεῖν (q.v. bγ) τὸ ὄν. Rv 13:6; 16:9; pass. βλασφημεῖται τὸ ὄν. (Is 52:5) Ro 2:24; 2 Cl 13:1f, 4; ITr 8:2. βλασφημίας ἐπιφέρεσθαι τῷ ὀν. κυρίου bring blasphemy upon the name of the Lord 1 Cl 47:7. πφοσέθηκαν κατὰ ὄν. τοῦ κυρίου βλασφημίαν Hs 6, 2, 3; βεβηλοῦν τὸ ὄν. 8, 6, 2 (s. βεβηλόω). ἀπαγγελῶ τὸ ὄν. τ. ἀδελφοῖς μου Hb 2:12 (cp. Ps 21:23). ὅπως διαγγελῇ τὸ ὄν. μου ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ Ro 9:17 (Ex 9:16). δοξάζειν τὸ ὄν. (σου, τοῦ κυρίου, τοῦ θεοῦ etc.) Rv 15:4; 1 Cl 43:6; IPhld 10:1; Hv 2, 1, 2; 3, 4, 3; 4, 1, 3; Hs 9, 18, 5 (s. δοξάζω 1; cp. GJs 7:2; 12:1[w. ref. to name of Mary]). ὅπως ἐνδοξασθῇ τὸ ὄν. τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ 2 Th 1:12. ἐλπίζειν τῷ ὀν. Mt 12:21 (vv.ll. ἐν or ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν.; the pass. on which it is based, Is 42:4, has ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν.). ἐπικαλεῖσθαι τὸ ὄν. κυρίου (as PsSol 6:1) or αὐτοῦ, σου etc. (w. ref. to God or Christ) call on the name of the Lord Ac 2:21 (Jo 3:5); 9:14, 21; 22:16; Ro 10:13 (Jo 3:5); 1 Cor 1:2. ψυχὴ ἐπικεκλημένη τὸ μεγαλοπρεπὲς καὶ ἅγιον ὄν. αὐτοῦ a person who calls upon his exalted and holy name 1 Cl 64.—Pass. πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ἐφʼ οὓς ἐπικέκληται τὸ ὄν. μου ἐπʼ αὐτούς Ac 15:17 (Am 9:12). τὸ καλὸν ὄν. τὸ ἐπικληθὲν ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς Js 2:7 (on καλὸν ὄν. cp. Sb 343, 9 and the Pompeian graffito in Dssm., LO 237 [LAE 276]). πάντες οἱ ἐπικαλούμενοι τῷ ὀν. αὐτοῦ all those who are called by (the Lord’s) name Hs 9, 14, 3; cp. οἱ κεκλημένοι τῷ ὀν. κυρίου those who are called by the name of the Lord 8, 1, 1. ἐπαισχύνεσθαι τὸ ὄν. κυρίου τὸ ἐπικληθὲν ἐπʼ αὐτούς be ashamed of the name that is named over them 8, 6, 4. ὁμολογεῖν τῷ ὀν. αὐτοῦ praise his name Hb 13:15 (cp. PsSol 15:2 ἐξομολογήσασθαι τῷ ὀνόματι σου). ὀνομάζειν τὸ ὄν. κυρίου 2 Ti 2:19 (Is 26:13). ψάλλειν τῷ ὀν. σου Ro 15:9 (Ps 17:50). οὐ μὴ λάβῃς ἐπὶ ματαίῳ τὸ ὄν. κυρίου 19:5 (Ex 20:7; Dt 5:11).—Although in the preceding examples the name is oft. practically inseparable fr. the being that bears it, this is perh. even more true of the foll. cases, in which the name appears almost as the representation of the Godhead, as a tangible manifestation of the divine nature (Quint. Smyrn. 9, 465 Polidarius, when healing, calls on οὔνομα πατρὸς ἑοῖο ‘the name of his father’ [Asclepius]; τοσοῦτον … δύναται τὸ ὄ. τοῦ Ἰησοῦ κατὰ τῶν δαιμόνων Orig., C. Cels. 1, 56, 11; Dt 18:7; 3 Km 8:16; Ps 68:37; Zech 13:2 ἐξολεθρεύσω τὰ ὀν. τῶν εἰδώλων; Zeph 1:4; PsSol 7:6; Just., D. 121, 3 ὑποτάσσεσθαι αὐτοῦ ὀν.): the ‘name’ of God is ἀρχέγονον πάσης κτίσεως 1 Cl 59:3. Sim. τὸ ὄν. τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ μέγα ἐστὶ καὶ τὸν κόσμον ὅλον βαστάζει Hs 9, 14, 5. λατρεύειν τῷ παναρέτῳ ὀν. αὐτοῦ worship the most excellent name (of the Most High) 1 Cl 45:7. ὑπακούειν τῷ παναγίῳ καὶ ἐνδόξῳ ὀν. αὐτοῦ be obedient to his most holy and glorious name 58:1a. ὑπήκοον γενέσθαι τῷ παντοκρατορικῷ καὶ παναρέτῳ ὀν. 60:4. κηρύσσειν τὸ ὄν. τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ Hs 9, 16, 5. ἐπιγινώσκειν τὸ ὄν. τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ 9, 16, 7. φοβεῖσθαι τὸ ὄν. σου Rv 11:18. φανεροῦν τινι τὸ ὄν. σου J 17:6. γνωρίζειν τινὶ τὸ ὄν. σου vs. 26. πιστεύειν τῷ ὀν. τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ believe in the name of (God’s) son 1J 3:23. Also πιστεύειν εἰς τὸ ὄν. (s. γב below and s. πιστεύω 2aβ).—Of the name borne by followers of Jesus Christ (cp. Theoph. Ant. 1, 1 [p. 58, 13]): κρατεῖς τὸ ὄν. μου you cling to my name Rv 2:13. The same mng. also holds for the expressions: λαμβάνειν τὸ ὄν. τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ Hs 9, 12, 4; 8; 9, 13, 2a; 7. τοῦ βαστάσαι τὸ ὄν. μου ἐνώπιον ἐθνῶν to bear my name before (the) Gentiles Ac 9:15. τὸ ὄν. ἡδέως βαστάζειν bear the name gladly Hs 8, 10, 3; cp. 9, 28, 5b. τὸ ὄν. τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ φορεῖν 9, 13, 3; 9, 14, 5f; 9, 15, 2; cp. 9, 13, 2b. Christians receive this name at their baptism: πρὶν φορέσαι τὸν ἄνθρωπον τὸ ὄν. τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ νεκρός ἐστιν before a person bears the name of God’s Son (which is given the candidate at baptism), he is dead 9, 16, 3. Of dissemblers and false teachers ὄν. μὲν ἔχουσιν, ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς πίστεως κενοί εἰσιν they have the (Christian) name, but are devoid of faith 9, 19, 2. Of Christians in appearance only ἐν ὑποκρίσει φέροντες τὸ ὄν. τοῦ κυρίου who bear the Lord’s name in pretense Pol 6:3. δόλῳ πονηρῷ τὸ ὄν. περιφέρειν carry the name about in wicked deceit (evidently of wandering preachers) IEph 7:1. τὸ ὄν. ἐπαισχύνονται τοῦ κυρίου αὐτῶν they are ashamed of their Lord’s name Hs 9, 21, 3. More fully: ἐπαισχύνονται τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ φορεῖν 9, 14, 6.γ. used w. prepositionsא. w. διά and the gen. διὰ τοῦ ὀνόματός μου πιστεύειν PtK 3 p. 15 ln. 12; σωθῆναι διὰ τοῦ μεγάλου καὶ ἐνδόξου ὀν. be saved through the great and glorious name Hv 4, 2, 4. εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ εἰσελθεῖν διὰ τοῦ ὀν. τοῦ υἱοῦ (τοῦ θεοῦ) Hs 9, 12, 5. ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν λαβεῖν διὰ τοῦ ὀν. αὐτοῦ Ac 10:43 (cp. Just., D. 11, 4 al.). σημεῖα … γίνεσθαι διὰ τοῦ ὀν. … Ἰησοῦ by the power of the name 4:30. Differently παρακαλεῖν τινα διὰ τοῦ ὀν. τοῦ κυρίου appeal to someone by the name (= while calling on the name) of the Lord 1 Cor 1:10.—W. διά and the acc. μισούμενοι … διὰ τὸ ὄν. μου hated on account of my name (i.e., because you bear it) Mt 10:22; 24:9; Mk 13:13; Lk 21:17 (Just., A I, 4, 2 al.). ποιεῖν τι εἴς τινα διὰ τὸ ὄν. μου J 15:21. ἀφέωνται ὑμῖν αἱ ἁμαρτίαι διὰ τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ your sins are forgiven on account of (Jesus’) name 1J 2:12. βαστάζειν διὰ τὸ ὄν. μου bear (hardship) for my name’s sake Rv 2:3 (s. βαστάζω 2bβ). πάσχειν διὰ τὸ ὄν. (also w. a gen. like αὐτοῦ) Pol 8:2; Hv 3, 2, 1b; Hs 9, 28, 3.ב. w. εἰς: somet. evidently as rendering of rabb. לְשֵׁם with regard to, in thinking of δέχεσθαί τινα εἰς ὄν. Ἰ. Χρ. receive someone in deference to Jesus Christ IRo 9:3. δύο ἢ τρεῖς συνηγμένοι εἰς τὸ ἐμὸν ὄν. two or three gathered and thinking of me, i.e., so that I am the reason for their assembling Mt 18:20; but here the other mng. (s. ג below) has had some influence: ‘while naming’ or ‘calling on my name’. τῆς ἀγάπης ἧς ἐνεδείξασθε εἰς τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ (i.e. θεοῦ) Hb 6:10 is either the love that you have shown with regard to him, i.e. for his sake, or we have here the frequently attested formula of Hellenistic legal and commercial language (s. Mayser II/2 p. 415; Dssm. B 143ff, NB 25, LO 97f [BS 146f; 197; LAE 121]; Heitmüller, op. cit. 100ff; FPreisigke, Girowesen im griech. Ägypt. 1910, 149ff. On the LXX s. Heitmüller 110f; JPsichari, Essai sur le Grec de la Septante 1908, 202f): εἰς (τὸ) ὄν. τινος to the name=to the account (over which the name stands). Then the deeds of love, although shown to humans, are dedicated to God.—The concept of dedication is also highly significant, in all probability, for the understanding of the expr. βαπτίζειν εἰς (τὸ) ὄν. τινος. Through baptism εἰς (τὸ) ὄν. τ. those who are baptized become the possession of and come under the dedicated protection of the one whose name they bear. An additional factor, to a degree, may be the sense of εἰς τὸ ὄν.=‘with mention of the name’ (cp. Herodian 2, 2, 10; 2, 13, 2 ὀμνύναι εἰς τὸ ὄν. τινος; Cyranides p. 57, 1 εἰς ὄν. τινος; 60, 18=εἰς τὸ ὄν. τ.; 62, 13. Another ex. in Heitmüller 107): Mt 28:19; Ac 8:16; 19:5; D 7:1, (3); 9:5; Hv 3, 7, 3; cp. 1 Cor 1:13, 15. S. βαπτίζω 2c and Silva New, Beginn. I/5, ’33, 121–40.—πιστεύειν εἰς τὸ ὄν. τινος believe in the name of someone i.e. have confidence that the person’s name (rather in the sense of a title, cp. Phil 2:9) is rightfully borne and encodes what the person really is J 1:12; 2:23; 3:18; 1J 5:13.ג. with ἐν: ἐν ὀνόματι of God or Jesus means in the great majority of cases with mention of the name, while naming or calling on the name (PsSol 11:8; JosAs 9:1; Just., D. 35, 2 al.; no corresponding use has been found in gener. Gk. lit.; but cp. ἐν ὀν. τοῦ μεγάλου καὶ ὑψίστου θεοῦ Hippol., Ref. 9, 15, 6.—Heitmüller p. 13ff, esp. 44; 49). In many pass. it seems to be a formula. ἐν τῷ ὀν. Ἰησοῦ ἐκβάλλειν δαιμόνια Mk 9:38; 16:17; Lk 9:49. τὰ δαιμόνια ὑποτάσσεται ἡμῖν ἐν τῷ ὀν. σου the demons are subject to us at the mention of your name 10:17. ποιεῖν τι ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ac 4:7; cp. Col 3:17. Perh. J 10:25 (but s. below). ἐν τῷ ὀν. Ἰησοῦ … οὗτος παρέστηκεν ὑγιής Ac 4:10. ὄν. … ἐν ᾧ δεῖ σωθῆναι ἡμᾶς vs. 12. παραγγέλλω σοι ἐν ὀν. Ἰ. Χρ. 16:18; cp. 2 Th 3:6; IPol 5:1. σοὶ λέγω ἐν τῷ ὀν. τοῦ κυρίου Ac 14:10 D. Peter, in performing a healing, says ἐν τῷ ὀν. Ἰησοῦ Χρ. περιπάτει 3:6 (s. Heitmüller 60). The elders are to anoint the sick w. oil ἐν τῷ ὀν. τοῦ κυρίου while calling on the name of the Lord Js 5:14.—Of prophets λαλεῖν ἐν τῷ ὀν. κυρίου 5:10. παρρησιάζεσθαι ἐν τῷ ὀν. Ἰησοῦ speak out boldly in proclaiming the name of Jesus Ac 9:27f. βαπτίζεσθαι ἐν τῷ ὀν. Ἰ. Χ. be baptized or have oneself baptized while naming the name of Jesus Christ Ac 2:38 v.l.; 10:48. At a baptism ἐν ὀν. χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ AcPl Ha 3, 32. αἰτεῖν τὸν πατέρα ἐν τῷ ὀν. μου (=Ἰησοῦ) ask the Father, using my name J 15:16; cp. 14:13, 14; 16:24, 26. W. the latter pass. belongs vs. 23 (ὁ πατὴρ) δώσει ὑμῖν ἐν τῷ ὀν. μου (the Father) will give you, when you mention my name. τὸ πνεῦμα ὸ̔ πέμψει ὁ πατὴρ ἐν τῷ ὀν. μου the Spirit, whom the Father will send when my name is used 14:26. To thank God ἐν ὀν. Ἰησοῦ Χρ. while naming the name of Jesus Christ Eph 5:20. ἵνα ἐν τῷ ὀν. Ἰησοῦ πᾶν γόνυ κάμψῃ that when the name of Jesus is mentioned every knee should bow Phil 2:10. χαίρετε, υἱοί, ἐν ὀν. κυρίου greetings, my sons, as we call on the Lord’s name 1:1. ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀν. κυρίου whoever comes, naming the Lord’s name (in order thereby to give evidence of being a Christian) D 12:1. ἀσπάζεσθαι ἐν ὀν. Ἰ. Χρ. greet, while naming the name of J. Chr. w. acc. of pers. or thing greeted IRo ins; ISm 12:2. Receive a congregation ἐν ὀν. θεοῦ IEph 1:3. συναχθῆναι ἐν τῷ ὀν. τοῦ κυρίου Ἰ. meet and call on the name of the Lord Jesus=as a Christian congregation 1 Cor 5:4. μόνον ἐν τῷ ὀν. Ἰ. Χρ. only (it is to be) while calling on the name of J. Chr. ISm 4:2.—Not far removed fr. these are the places where we render ἐν τῷ ὀν. with through or by the name (s. ἐν 4c); the effect brought about by the name is caused by its utterance ἀπελούσασθε, ἡγιάσθητε, ἐδικαιώθητε ἐν τῷ ὀν. τοῦ κυρίου Ἰ. Χρ. 1 Cor 6:11. ζωὴν ἔχειν ἐν τῷ ὀν. αὐτοῦ (=Ἰησοῦ) J 20:31. τηρεῖν τινα ἐν τῷ ὀν. (θεοῦ) 17:11f.—ἐν τῷ ὀν. at the command (of), commissioned by ἔργα ποιεῖν ἐν τῷ ὀν. τοῦ πατρός J 10:25 (but s. above). ἔρχεσθαι ἐν τῷ ὀν. τοῦ πατρός 5:43a; in contrast ἔρχ. ἐν τῷ ὀν. τῷ ἰδίῳ vs. 43b. εὐλογημένος ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀν. κυρίου 12:13 (Ps 117:26). The Ps-passage prob. has the same sense (despite Heitmüller 53f) in Mt 21:9; 23:39; Mk 11:9; Lk 13:35; 19:38.—OMerlier, Ὄνομα et ἐν ὀνόματι dans le quatr. Év.: RevÉtGr 47, ’34, 180–204; RBratcher, BT 14, ’63, 72–80.ד. w. ἕνεκα (and the other forms of this word; s. ἕνεκα 1): of persecutions for one’s Christian faith ἀπάγεσθαι ἐπὶ βασιλεῖς ἕνεκεν τοῦ ὀν. μου Lk 21:12. πάσχειν or ὑποφέρειν εἵνεκα τοῦ ὀνόματος Hv 3, 1, 9; 3, 2, 1; Hs 9, 28, 5. ἕνεκεν τοῦ ὀν. (τοῦ) κυρίου v 3, 5, 2; Hs 9, 28, 6. ἀφιέναι οἰκίας … ἕνεκεν τοῦ ἐμοῦ ὀν. for my name’s sake Mt 19:29. ἔκτισας τὰ πάντα ἕνεκεν τοῦ ὀν. σου you created all things for your name’s sake, i.e. that God’s name might be praised for the benefits which the works of creation bring to humankind D 10:3.ה. w. ἐπί and the dat.: ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. τινος when someone’s name is mentioned or called upon, or mentioning someone’s name (LXX; En 10:2; Just., D. 39, 6; Ath. 23, 1; s. Heitmüller 19ff; 43ff; s. also 47ff; 52ff; 87ff) in the NT only of the name of Jesus, and only in the synoptics and Ac. ἐλεύσονται ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. μου they will come using my name Mt 24:5; Mk 13:6; Lk 21:8. κηρύσσειν ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. αὐτοῦ μετάνοιαν 24:47. λαλεῖν ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. τούτῳ to speak using this name Ac 4:17; 5:40. διδάσκειν 4:18; 5:28. ποιεῖν δύναμιν ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. μου Mk 9:39. ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. σου ἐκβάλλειν δαιμόνια Lk 9:49 v.l. ἐπὶ τῷ σῷ ὀν. τὰς θεραπείας ἐπετέλουν GJs 20:2 (codd.). Of the (spiritual) temple of God: οἰκοδομηθήσεται ναὸς θεοῦ ἐνδόξως ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. κυρίου the temple of God will be gloriously built with the use of the Lord’s name 16:6f, 8 (quot. of uncertain orig.). βαπτίζεσθαι ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. Ἰ. Χρ. Ac 2:38. Baptism is also referred to in καλεῖσθαι ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ receive a name when the name of God’s son is named Hs 9, 17, 4. The words δέχεσθαι (παιδίον) ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. μου can also be classed here receive (a child) when my name is confessed, when I am called upon Mt 18:5; Mk 9:37; Lk 9:48 (s. Heitmüller 64); but s. also 3 below.—ἐπί w. acc.: πεποιθέναι ἐπὶ τὸ ὁσιώτατον τῆς μεγαλωσύνης αὐτοῦ ὄν. have confidence in (the Lord’s) most sacred and majestic name 1 Cl 58:1b; ἐλπίζειν ἐπὶ τὸ ὄν. hope in the name (of the Lord) 16:8b.ו. w. περί and the gen.: εὐαγγελίζεσθαι περὶ τοῦ ὀν. Ἰ. Χ. bring the good news about the name of J. Chr. Ac 8:12.—(W. acc.: ἔχομεν δέος τὸ ὄ. τοῦ θεοῦ Orig., C. Cels. 4, 48, 34).ז. w. πρός and acc.: πρὸς τὸ ὄν. Ἰησοῦ … πολλὰ ἐναντία πρᾶξαι do many things in opposing the name of Jesus Ac 26:9.ח. w. ὑπέρ and gen.: ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀν. (Ἰησοῦ) ἀτιμασθῆναι Ac 5:41. πάσχειν 9:16; Hs 9, 28, 2. Cp. Ac 15:26; 21:13. The activity of the apostles takes place ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀν. αὐτοῦ to the honor of (Jesus’) name Ro 1:5. Cp. 3J 7. Of thankful praying at the Lord’s Supper εὐχαριστοῦμεν σοι … ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἁγίου ὀν. σου, οὗ κατεσκήνωσας ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν we thank you … for your holy name, which you caused to dwell in our hearts D 10:2.δ. ὄν. w. ref. to God or Christ not infreq. stands quite alone, simply the Name: Ac 5:41; Phil 2:9 (cp. Diod S 3, 61, 6); 3J 7; 2 Cl 13:1, 4; IEph 3:1; 7:1; IPhld 10:1; Hv 3, 2, 1; Hs 8, 10, 3; 9, 13, 2; 9, 28, 3; 5.② a person (Phalaris, Ep. 128; POxy 1188, 8 [13 A.D.]; BGU 113, 11; Jos., Ant. 14, 22; other exx. in Dssm., NB 24f [BS 196f]; LXX) τὸ ποθητόν μοι ὄν. my dear friend: Alce ISm 13:2; IPol 8:3; Crocus IRo 10:1. Pl. (PThéad 41, 10; PSI 27, 22; Num 1:18 al.) people Ac 1:15; Rv 3:4. ὀνόματα ἀνθρώπων 11:13 (cp. Ael. Aristid. 50, 72 K.=26 p. 523 D.: ὀνόματα δέκα ἀνδρῶν). This is prob. the place for περὶ λόγου καὶ ὀνομάτων καὶ νόμου about teaching and persons and (the) law Ac 18:15.③ the classification under which one belongs, noted by a name or category, title, category (cp. Cass. Dio 38, 44; 42, 24 καὶ ὅτι πολλῷ πλείω ἔν τε τῷ σχήματι καὶ ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τῷ τῆς στρατηγίας ὢν καταπράξειν ἤλπιζε=he hoped to effect much more by taking advantage of his praetorial apparel and title; ins: Sb 7541, 5 [II A.D.] Νύμφη ὄνομʼ ἐστί σοι; POxy 37 I, 17 [49 A.D.] βούλεται ὀνόματι ἐλευθέρου τὸ σωμάτιον ἀπενέγκασθαι=she claims to have carried off the infant on the basis of its being free-born; Jos., Ant. 12, 154 φερνῆς ὀνόματι; 11, 40; Just., A II, 6, 4 καὶ ἀνθρώπου καὶ σωτῆρος ὄνομα. Other exx. in Heitmüller 50); the possibility of understanding ὄν. as category made it easier for Greeks to take over rabb. לְשֵׁם (s. 1dγב above) in the sense with regard to a particular characteristic, then simply with regard to, for the sake of ὁ δεχόμενος προφήτην εἰς ὄν. προφήτου whoever receives a prophet within the category ‘prophet’, i.e. because he is a prophet, as a prophet Mt 10:41a; cp. vss. 41b, 42.—ὸ̔ς ἂν ποτίσῃ ὑμᾶς ἐν ὀνόματι, ὄτι Χριστοῦ ἐστε whoever gives you a drink under the category that you belong to Christ, i.e. in your capacity as a follower of Christ Mk 9:41. εἰ ὀνειδίζεσθε ἐν ὀν. Χριστοῦ if you are reviled for the sake of Christ 1 Pt 4:14. δοξαζέτω τὸν θεὸν ἐν τῷ ὀν. τούτῳ let the person praise God in this capacity (=ὡς Χριστιανός) vs. 16. δέδεμαι ἐν τῷ ὀν. I am imprisoned for the sake of the Name IEph 3:1.—δέχεσθαι (παιδίον) ἐπὶ τῷ ὀν. μου for my (name’s) sake Mt 18:5; Mk 9:37; Lk 9:48 (cp. Heitmüller 113. But s. 1dγה above).④ recognition accorded a person on the basis of performance, (well-known) name, reputation, fame (Hom. et al.; 1 Ch 14:17; 1 Macc 8:12) φανερὸν ἐγένετο τὸ ὄν. αὐτοῦ his fame was widespread Mk 6:14. ὄν. ἔχειν (Pla., Apol. 38c, Ep. 2, 312c) w. ὅτι foll. have the reputation of Rv 3:1 perh. also 3:5 (s. 1bα; JFuller, JETS 26, ’83, 297–306).⑤ name in terms of office held, office (POxy 58, 6) στασιαζουσῶν τ. φυλῶν, ὁποία αὐτῶν εἴη τῷ ἐνδόξῳ ὀνόματι κεκοσμημένη when the tribes were quarreling as to which one of them was to be adorned with that glorious office 1 Cl 43:2. τὸ ὄν. τῆς ἐπισκοπῆς the office of supervision 44:1.—B. 1263f. OEANE IV 91–96 on Mesopotamian practices. Schmidt, Syn. I 113–24. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
85 орган управления
- operating means
- operating control
- controls
- controller
- control device
- control
- command unit
- actuator
- actuating member
орган управления
Частьсистемыаппарата управления, к которой прилагается извне усилие управления.
МЭК 60050(441-15-22).
Примечание. Орган управления может иметь форму рукоятки, ручки, нажимной кнопки, ролика, плунжера и т. п.
[ ГОСТ Р 50030. 1-2000 ( МЭК 60947-1-99)]
орган управления
Часть приводного механизма, к которой прикладывается внешняя сила воздействия.
Примечание - Орган управления может иметь форму ручки, кнопки, ролика, поршня и т.д.
[ ГОСТ Р 52726-2007]
орган управления
Часть системы привода, подвергаемая внешнему силовому воздействию.
Примечания
1. Орган управления может иметь форму ручки, рукоятки, нажимной кнопки, ролика, плунжера и т.д.
2. Есть несколько способов приведения в действие, которые не требуют внешнего силового воздействия, а только какого-либо действия.
[ГОСТ ЕН 1070-2003]
орган управления
Часть системы управления, которая предназначена непосредственно для воздействия оператором, например путем нажатия.
[ГОСТ Р ЕН 614-1-2003]
орган управления
Часть системы приведения в действие, которая принимает воздействие человека.
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60447-2000]
орган управления
Часть системы приведения в действие, которая воспринимает воздействие человека (ГОСТ Р МЭК 60447).
Примечание
В настоящем стандарте орган управления в виде интерактивного экранного устройства отображения является частью этого устройства, которое представляет функцию органа управления.
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60073-2000]
орган управления
Часть механизма прибора управления, на который оказывается вручную внешнее силовое воздействие.
Примечание.
Орган управления может иметь форму ручки, рукоятки, кнопки, ролика, плунжера и т.д.
Некоторые органы управления не требуют воздействия внешней силы, а только какого-либо действия.
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60204-1-2007]
органы управления
Ручки, переключатели, потенциометры и другие органы, служащие для включения и регулировки аппаратуры. Термин относится преимущественно к аналоговым приборам.
[Система неразрушающего контроля. Виды (методы) и технология неразрушающего контроля. Термины и определения (справочное пособие). Москва 2003 г.]
орган управления
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[IEV number 442-04-14]
средства оперирования
-
[Интент]EN
actuator
the part of the actuating system to which an external actuating force is applied
NOTE – The actuator may take the form of a handle, knob, push-button, roller, plunger, etc.
[IEV number 441-15-22]
actuator
part of a device to which an external manual action is to be applied
NOTE 1 The actuator may take the form of a handle, knob, push-button, roller, plunger, etc.
NOTE 2 There are some actuating means that do not require an external actuating force, but only an action.
NOTE 3 See also 3.34.
[IEC 60204-1 -2005]
actuating member
a part which is pulled, pushed, turned or otherwise moved to cause an operation of the switch
[IEV number 442-04-14]FR
organe de commande
partie du mécanisme transmetteur à laquelle un effort extérieur de manoeuvre est appliqué
NOTE – L'organe de commande peut prendre la forme d'une poignée, d'un bouton, d'un bouton-poussoir, d'une roulette, d'un plongeur, etc.
[IEV number 441-15-22]
organe de manoeuvre
partie qui est tirée, poussée, tournée ou manipulée de toute autre façon pour provoquer le fonctionnement de l'interrupteur
[IEV number 442-04-14]
Аппарат должен оставаться механически действующим. Не допускается сваривание контактов, препятствующее операции размыкания при использовании нормальных средств оперирования.
[ГОСТ Р 50030.3-99 (МЭК 60947-3-99) ]
ВДТ следует оперировать как при нормальной эксплуатации. Операции размыкания должны проводиться в следующем порядке:
для первых 1000 циклов — с использованием ручных средств оперирования;...
[ ГОСТ Р 51326. 1-99 ( МЭК 61008-1-96)]Параллельные тексты EN-RU
The operating means (for example, a handle) of the supply disconnecting device shall be easily accessible and located between 0,6 m and 1,9 m above the servicing level.
[IEC 60204-1-2006]Органы управления, например, рукоятки аппаратов отключения питания, должны быть легко доступны и располагаться на высоте от 0,6 до 1,9 м от рабочей площадки.
[Перевод Интент]Where the external operating means is not intended for emergency operations, it is recommended that it be coloured BLACK or GREY.
[IEC 60204-1-2006]Если внешние средства оперирования не предназначены для выполнения действий при возникновении аварийных ситуаций, то рекомендуется, применять такие средства ЧЕРНОГО или СЕРОГО цвета.
[Перевод Интент]1.2.2. Control devices
Control devices must be:
— clearly visible and identifiable and appropriately marked where necessary,
— positioned for safe operation without hesitation or loss of time, and without ambiguity,
— designed so that the movement of the control is consistent with its effect,
— located outside the danger zones, except for certain controls where necessary, such as emergency stop, console for training of robots,
— positioned so that their operation cannot cause additional risk,
— designed or protected so that the desired effect, where a risk is involved, cannot occur without an intentional operation,
— made so as to withstand foreseeable strain; particular attention must be paid to emergency stop devices liable to be subjected to considerable strain.1.2.2. Органы управления
Органы управления должны быть:
- четко видны, хорошо различимы и, где это необходимо, иметь соответствующее обозначение;
- расположены так, чтобы ими можно было пользоваться без возникновения сомнений и потерь времени на выяснение их назначения;
- сконструированы так, чтобы перемещение органа управления согласовывалось с их воздействием;
- расположены вне опасных зон; исключение, где это необходимо, делается для определенных средств управления, таких, как средство экстренной остановки, пульт управления роботом;
- расположены так, чтобы их использование не вызывало дополнительных рисков;
- сконструированы или защищены так, чтобы в случаях, где возможно возникновение рисков, они не могли бы возникнуть без выполнения намеренных действий;
- сделаны так, чтобы выдерживать предполагаемую нагрузку; при этом особое внимание уделяется органам аварийного останова, которые могут подвергаться значительным нагрузкам.Where a control is designed and constructed to perform several different actions, namely where there is no one-to-one correspondence (e.g. keyboards, etc.), the action to be performed must be clearly displayed and subject to confirmation where necessary.
Если орган управления предназначен для выполнения разных действий, например, если в качестве органа управления используется клавиатура или аналогичное устройство, то должна выводиться четкая информация о предстоящем действии, и, если необходимо, должно выполняться подтверждение на выполнение такого действия.
Controls must be so arranged that their layout, travel and resistance to operation are compatible with the action to be performed, taking account of ergonomic principles.
Органы управления должны быть организованы таким образом, чтобы их расположение, перемещение их элементов и усилие, которое оператор затрачивает на их перемещение, соответствовали выполняемым операциям и принципам эргономики.
Constraints due to the necessary or foreseeable use of personal protection equipment (such as footwear, gloves, etc.) must be taken into account.
Необходимо учитывать скованность движений операторов при использовании необходимых или предусмотренных средств индивидуальной защиты (таких, как специальная обувь, перчатки и др.).
Machinery must be fitted with indicators (dials, signals, etc.) as required for safe operation. The operator must be able to read them from the control position.
Для обеспечения безопасной эксплуатации машинное оборудование должно быть оснащено индикаторами (циферблатами, устройствами сигнализации и т. д.). Оператор должен иметь возможность считывать их с места управления.
From the main control position the operator must be able to ensure that there are no exposed persons in the danger zones.
Находясь в главном пункте управления, оператор должен иметь возможность контролировать отсутствие незащищенных лиц.
If this is impossible, the control system must be designed and constructed so that an acoustic and/ or visual warning signal is given whenever the machinery is about to start.
Если это невозможно, то система управления должна быть разработана и изготовлена так, чтобы перед каждым пуском машинного оборудования подавался звуковой и/или световой предупредительный сигнал.
The exposed person must have the time and the means to take rapid action to prevent the machinery starting up.
[DIRECTIVE 98/37/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL]
Незащищенное лицо должно иметь достаточно времени и средств для быстрого предотвращения пуска машинного оборудования.
[Перевод Интент]
Тематики
- автоматизация, основные понятия
- аппарат, изделие, устройство...
- безопасность машин и труда в целом
- выключатель автоматический
- выключатель, переключатель
- высоковольтный аппарат, оборудование...
- электробезопасность
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
- actuating member
- actuator
- command unit
- control
- control device
- controller
- controls
- operating control
- operating means
DE
FR
2.4 орган управления (control): Часть тормозной системы, на которую непосредственно воздействует водитель (или в случае прицепа соответствующей конструкции - сопровождающее лицо), обеспечивая подачу в тормозной привод энергии, необходимой для торможения, или управляя такой подачей.
Примечание - Этой энергией может быть или мускульная энергия водителя, или энергия из другого источника, управляемого водителем, или кинетическая энергия прицепа, или сочетание этих видов энергии.
Источник: ГОСТ Р 41.13-2007: Единообразные предписания, касающиеся транспортных средств категорий М, N и О в отношении торможения оригинал документа
3.3.15 орган управления (actuator): Часть системы управления, к которой прилагают извне усилие управления.
Примечание- Орган управления может иметь форму рукоятки, нажимной кнопки и т.д.
Источник: ГОСТ Р 51731-2010: Контакторы электромеханические бытового и аналогичного назначения оригинал документа
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > орган управления
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86 קידוש
קִידּוּש, קִדּ׳m. (קָדַש) 1) sanctification, esp. ק׳ השם the sanctification of the Name (of the Lord, v. קְדוּשָּׁה), loyally to the Jewish faith, martyrdom. Y.Shebi.IV, 35a bot. Pesik. Bshall., p. 87a>. Deut. R. s. 2 (ref. to Prov. 24:21) אמר לו דבר של ק׳ שמיוכ׳ (not קידש שמא) the Lord said to Solomon, a thing which concerns the sanctification of my name (the unity of God) dost thou express by a brief allusion? Y.Kidd.IV, 65c bot. גדול הוא ק׳ השם מחילול השם a positive act of sanctification of the Name is superior to (supersedes) a law which is to prevent profanation of the Name; בחילול השם כתיב … ובק׳ השם מתחלתוכ׳ concerning the profanation of the Name it is written (Deut. 21:23), ‘thou shalt not suffer his body to remain (even) over night, but when the Name was to be sanctified (by an act of retributive justice), it is written (2 Sam. 21:10), ‘from the beginning of the harvest ; Y.Snh.VI, 23d (corr. acc.); a. fr.Pl. קִידּוּשִׁין. laws of sanctity. Y.Yeb.II, 3d top למה סמך … לפרשת ק׳ why does the Biblical text join the chapter on sanctity (Lev. 19) to that on incest (Lev. 17)?; (Lev. R. s. 24 לפרשת קְדוֹשִׁים, v. קָדוֹש). 2) proclamation of sanctity; a) of the New Moon, seasons (by the authorities). Tosef.Snh.II, 1 ק׳ החדש ועיבורוכ׳ the proclamation of the New Moon and the intercalation of a month require a court of three. Y. ib. I, 18c top חבירים … לק׳ הח׳ dare untitled scholars (v. חָבֵר) be admitted to sit on the proclamation of the New Moon?; a. fr.B. Bath. 121a מועדייי׳ צריכין ק׳ בית דיןוכ׳ the festivals of the Lord require to be regulated by the proclamation of the court, but the weekly Sabbath does not. Y.R. Hash. III, 58d bot. ק׳ב״ד the official proclamation of the jubilee; a. fr.Pl. as ab. Ex. R. s. 15 קִדּוּשֵׁי החדשים the proceedings at the proclamation of the New Moon.b) proclamation of the sanctity of the day by special prayer, Ḳiddush. Pes.100a מפסיקין לק׳ when the Sabbath or Holy Day begins, we must interrupt a meal to recite Ḳiddush. Ib. b ידי ק׳ יצאו they (that heard the Ḳiddush at synagogue) have complied with the duty of ushering the Sabbath in with Ḳiddush. Ib. 105a sq. אם אין לו … ק׳ היום מפני שק׳ היוםוכ׳ he who has only one cup of wine, recites over it the Ḳiddush of the day, because the sanctification of the day takes precedence of honoring the day (by grace after meal with wine). Meg.27b מכרה … והביאה לי ק׳ היום sold the bonnet on her head and procured for me the wine for the Ḳiddush of the day; a. fr. 3) washing hands and feet prior to a priestly function. Zeb.19b כיצד מצות ק׳ how is the act of washing done? Ib. לינה מועלת ק׳וכ׳ the intervention of the night has an effect on the sanctification of hands and feet, makes a renewed washing of hands and feet necessary. Ib. ק׳ שני the second sanctification (immediately before approaching the altar); Yoma 32b; a. fr.Pl. as ab. Ib. III, 3. Ib. 32b; a. e. 4) (of mixed seeds) condemnation (v. קָרַש Pl. 7). Yeb.83a. 5) putting ashes in the water of lustration; the ashes put in. Ib. 42a bot. אסיפת אפרה … וק׳ (not לק׳, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 50) the collecting of its ashes, the drawing of water and the putting in of the ashes; ib. b Par. Vl, 1 ונפל הק׳וכ׳ and ashes fell on his hand. Ib. 2. Tosef. ib. VI (V), 1 עוסק עם הק׳ is engaged in the act of ḳiddush. Ib. 3 צריך ק׳ שני requires an additional putting in of ashes; a. fr.Pl. as ab. Ib. 5; a. e.6) betrothal. Mekh. Mishp. s. 3 ק׳ אחר ק׳וכ׳ the father of a minor has the authority to give her away in marriage a second time, v. אַמְהוּת; אבל לא אמהות אחר ק׳ but he cannot hire her out after having once given her away. Y.Kidd.II, 62c top נכללין בק׳ … בשלשה קידושין they (the three objects he gave her, when he said, ‘be betrothed with this, and this and this) are combined to form one act of betrothal (which is valid, if the three objects combined have the legally prescribed value), and are separated (if he said, ‘be betrothed with this, with this, with this) to form three acts of betrothal (and one of the objects at least must have the legal value); a. fr.Pl. as ab. Ib.Esp. ḳiddush in, the act of betrothal, legal and legitimate marriage (connubium). Kidd.IV, 9 קִידּוּשֶׁיהָ ק׳ her acceptance of the betrothal is a valid marriage; קִדּוּשָׁיו ק׳ his (the authorized messengers) acceptance is valid. Ib. III, 12 כל מקום שיש ק׳ ואין עברהוכ׳ wherever a betrothal is valid (where there is connubium), and no sin is connected with it, the issue follows the legal status of the male parent; וכל מקום שיש ק׳ ויש עברהוכ׳ but where the betrothal, if performed, is valid but sin is connected therewith, the issue has the status of the inferior parent, e. g. a widow married to a high priest. Ib. כל מי שאין לה עליו ק׳ אבל יש לה על אחרים ק׳וכ׳ in a case where a marriage cannot take place with that special person (on account of consanguinity), but may take place with others, the issue is a bastard (מַמְזֵר); וכל מי שאין לה לא עליו … ק׳וכ׳ where a marriage cannot take place either with that special person or with other Israelites (she having no right of connubium), the issue follows the status of the mother. Yeb.10b, a. fr. אין ק׳ תופסיןוכ׳ betrothal takes no effect in the case of Kidd.60b, a. fr. קִידּוּשֵׁי ודאי an undisputed betrothal; קידושי ספק a legally doubtful betrothal; a. fr.Trnsf. קִידּוּשִׁים, קִידּוּשִׁין, קִדּ׳ betrothal festivities, contrad. to wedding festivities. Num. R. s. 12 ועשה לה ק׳ גדולים and arranged for her sake large festivities; ib. (ref. to Ex. 20:18) ולא היו אלא ק׳ and these were merely the solemnities of (Israels) betrothal (ref. to וקדשתם, ib. 19:10); Pesik. R. s. 5; Tanḥ. Naso 17. Ḳiddushin, name of a treatise of the Mishnah, Tosefta, Talmud Babli and Yrushalmi, of the Order of Nashim. B. Bath.52b (a reference to Tosef.Kidd.I, 5) תני וב … בק׳ דבי לוי Rab … taught from the treatise of Ḳiddushin of the school of Levi (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 1). -
87 קד׳
קִידּוּש, קִדּ׳m. (קָדַש) 1) sanctification, esp. ק׳ השם the sanctification of the Name (of the Lord, v. קְדוּשָּׁה), loyally to the Jewish faith, martyrdom. Y.Shebi.IV, 35a bot. Pesik. Bshall., p. 87a>. Deut. R. s. 2 (ref. to Prov. 24:21) אמר לו דבר של ק׳ שמיוכ׳ (not קידש שמא) the Lord said to Solomon, a thing which concerns the sanctification of my name (the unity of God) dost thou express by a brief allusion? Y.Kidd.IV, 65c bot. גדול הוא ק׳ השם מחילול השם a positive act of sanctification of the Name is superior to (supersedes) a law which is to prevent profanation of the Name; בחילול השם כתיב … ובק׳ השם מתחלתוכ׳ concerning the profanation of the Name it is written (Deut. 21:23), ‘thou shalt not suffer his body to remain (even) over night, but when the Name was to be sanctified (by an act of retributive justice), it is written (2 Sam. 21:10), ‘from the beginning of the harvest ; Y.Snh.VI, 23d (corr. acc.); a. fr.Pl. קִידּוּשִׁין. laws of sanctity. Y.Yeb.II, 3d top למה סמך … לפרשת ק׳ why does the Biblical text join the chapter on sanctity (Lev. 19) to that on incest (Lev. 17)?; (Lev. R. s. 24 לפרשת קְדוֹשִׁים, v. קָדוֹש). 2) proclamation of sanctity; a) of the New Moon, seasons (by the authorities). Tosef.Snh.II, 1 ק׳ החדש ועיבורוכ׳ the proclamation of the New Moon and the intercalation of a month require a court of three. Y. ib. I, 18c top חבירים … לק׳ הח׳ dare untitled scholars (v. חָבֵר) be admitted to sit on the proclamation of the New Moon?; a. fr.B. Bath. 121a מועדייי׳ צריכין ק׳ בית דיןוכ׳ the festivals of the Lord require to be regulated by the proclamation of the court, but the weekly Sabbath does not. Y.R. Hash. III, 58d bot. ק׳ב״ד the official proclamation of the jubilee; a. fr.Pl. as ab. Ex. R. s. 15 קִדּוּשֵׁי החדשים the proceedings at the proclamation of the New Moon.b) proclamation of the sanctity of the day by special prayer, Ḳiddush. Pes.100a מפסיקין לק׳ when the Sabbath or Holy Day begins, we must interrupt a meal to recite Ḳiddush. Ib. b ידי ק׳ יצאו they (that heard the Ḳiddush at synagogue) have complied with the duty of ushering the Sabbath in with Ḳiddush. Ib. 105a sq. אם אין לו … ק׳ היום מפני שק׳ היוםוכ׳ he who has only one cup of wine, recites over it the Ḳiddush of the day, because the sanctification of the day takes precedence of honoring the day (by grace after meal with wine). Meg.27b מכרה … והביאה לי ק׳ היום sold the bonnet on her head and procured for me the wine for the Ḳiddush of the day; a. fr. 3) washing hands and feet prior to a priestly function. Zeb.19b כיצד מצות ק׳ how is the act of washing done? Ib. לינה מועלת ק׳וכ׳ the intervention of the night has an effect on the sanctification of hands and feet, makes a renewed washing of hands and feet necessary. Ib. ק׳ שני the second sanctification (immediately before approaching the altar); Yoma 32b; a. fr.Pl. as ab. Ib. III, 3. Ib. 32b; a. e. 4) (of mixed seeds) condemnation (v. קָרַש Pl. 7). Yeb.83a. 5) putting ashes in the water of lustration; the ashes put in. Ib. 42a bot. אסיפת אפרה … וק׳ (not לק׳, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 50) the collecting of its ashes, the drawing of water and the putting in of the ashes; ib. b Par. Vl, 1 ונפל הק׳וכ׳ and ashes fell on his hand. Ib. 2. Tosef. ib. VI (V), 1 עוסק עם הק׳ is engaged in the act of ḳiddush. Ib. 3 צריך ק׳ שני requires an additional putting in of ashes; a. fr.Pl. as ab. Ib. 5; a. e.6) betrothal. Mekh. Mishp. s. 3 ק׳ אחר ק׳וכ׳ the father of a minor has the authority to give her away in marriage a second time, v. אַמְהוּת; אבל לא אמהות אחר ק׳ but he cannot hire her out after having once given her away. Y.Kidd.II, 62c top נכללין בק׳ … בשלשה קידושין they (the three objects he gave her, when he said, ‘be betrothed with this, and this and this) are combined to form one act of betrothal (which is valid, if the three objects combined have the legally prescribed value), and are separated (if he said, ‘be betrothed with this, with this, with this) to form three acts of betrothal (and one of the objects at least must have the legal value); a. fr.Pl. as ab. Ib.Esp. ḳiddush in, the act of betrothal, legal and legitimate marriage (connubium). Kidd.IV, 9 קִידּוּשֶׁיהָ ק׳ her acceptance of the betrothal is a valid marriage; קִדּוּשָׁיו ק׳ his (the authorized messengers) acceptance is valid. Ib. III, 12 כל מקום שיש ק׳ ואין עברהוכ׳ wherever a betrothal is valid (where there is connubium), and no sin is connected with it, the issue follows the legal status of the male parent; וכל מקום שיש ק׳ ויש עברהוכ׳ but where the betrothal, if performed, is valid but sin is connected therewith, the issue has the status of the inferior parent, e. g. a widow married to a high priest. Ib. כל מי שאין לה עליו ק׳ אבל יש לה על אחרים ק׳וכ׳ in a case where a marriage cannot take place with that special person (on account of consanguinity), but may take place with others, the issue is a bastard (מַמְזֵר); וכל מי שאין לה לא עליו … ק׳וכ׳ where a marriage cannot take place either with that special person or with other Israelites (she having no right of connubium), the issue follows the status of the mother. Yeb.10b, a. fr. אין ק׳ תופסיןוכ׳ betrothal takes no effect in the case of Kidd.60b, a. fr. קִידּוּשֵׁי ודאי an undisputed betrothal; קידושי ספק a legally doubtful betrothal; a. fr.Trnsf. קִידּוּשִׁים, קִידּוּשִׁין, קִדּ׳ betrothal festivities, contrad. to wedding festivities. Num. R. s. 12 ועשה לה ק׳ גדולים and arranged for her sake large festivities; ib. (ref. to Ex. 20:18) ולא היו אלא ק׳ and these were merely the solemnities of (Israels) betrothal (ref. to וקדשתם, ib. 19:10); Pesik. R. s. 5; Tanḥ. Naso 17. Ḳiddushin, name of a treatise of the Mishnah, Tosefta, Talmud Babli and Yrushalmi, of the Order of Nashim. B. Bath.52b (a reference to Tosef.Kidd.I, 5) תני וב … בק׳ דבי לוי Rab … taught from the treatise of Ḳiddushin of the school of Levi (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 1). -
88 קִידּוּש
קִידּוּש, קִדּ׳m. (קָדַש) 1) sanctification, esp. ק׳ השם the sanctification of the Name (of the Lord, v. קְדוּשָּׁה), loyally to the Jewish faith, martyrdom. Y.Shebi.IV, 35a bot. Pesik. Bshall., p. 87a>. Deut. R. s. 2 (ref. to Prov. 24:21) אמר לו דבר של ק׳ שמיוכ׳ (not קידש שמא) the Lord said to Solomon, a thing which concerns the sanctification of my name (the unity of God) dost thou express by a brief allusion? Y.Kidd.IV, 65c bot. גדול הוא ק׳ השם מחילול השם a positive act of sanctification of the Name is superior to (supersedes) a law which is to prevent profanation of the Name; בחילול השם כתיב … ובק׳ השם מתחלתוכ׳ concerning the profanation of the Name it is written (Deut. 21:23), ‘thou shalt not suffer his body to remain (even) over night, but when the Name was to be sanctified (by an act of retributive justice), it is written (2 Sam. 21:10), ‘from the beginning of the harvest ; Y.Snh.VI, 23d (corr. acc.); a. fr.Pl. קִידּוּשִׁין. laws of sanctity. Y.Yeb.II, 3d top למה סמך … לפרשת ק׳ why does the Biblical text join the chapter on sanctity (Lev. 19) to that on incest (Lev. 17)?; (Lev. R. s. 24 לפרשת קְדוֹשִׁים, v. קָדוֹש). 2) proclamation of sanctity; a) of the New Moon, seasons (by the authorities). Tosef.Snh.II, 1 ק׳ החדש ועיבורוכ׳ the proclamation of the New Moon and the intercalation of a month require a court of three. Y. ib. I, 18c top חבירים … לק׳ הח׳ dare untitled scholars (v. חָבֵר) be admitted to sit on the proclamation of the New Moon?; a. fr.B. Bath. 121a מועדייי׳ צריכין ק׳ בית דיןוכ׳ the festivals of the Lord require to be regulated by the proclamation of the court, but the weekly Sabbath does not. Y.R. Hash. III, 58d bot. ק׳ב״ד the official proclamation of the jubilee; a. fr.Pl. as ab. Ex. R. s. 15 קִדּוּשֵׁי החדשים the proceedings at the proclamation of the New Moon.b) proclamation of the sanctity of the day by special prayer, Ḳiddush. Pes.100a מפסיקין לק׳ when the Sabbath or Holy Day begins, we must interrupt a meal to recite Ḳiddush. Ib. b ידי ק׳ יצאו they (that heard the Ḳiddush at synagogue) have complied with the duty of ushering the Sabbath in with Ḳiddush. Ib. 105a sq. אם אין לו … ק׳ היום מפני שק׳ היוםוכ׳ he who has only one cup of wine, recites over it the Ḳiddush of the day, because the sanctification of the day takes precedence of honoring the day (by grace after meal with wine). Meg.27b מכרה … והביאה לי ק׳ היום sold the bonnet on her head and procured for me the wine for the Ḳiddush of the day; a. fr. 3) washing hands and feet prior to a priestly function. Zeb.19b כיצד מצות ק׳ how is the act of washing done? Ib. לינה מועלת ק׳וכ׳ the intervention of the night has an effect on the sanctification of hands and feet, makes a renewed washing of hands and feet necessary. Ib. ק׳ שני the second sanctification (immediately before approaching the altar); Yoma 32b; a. fr.Pl. as ab. Ib. III, 3. Ib. 32b; a. e. 4) (of mixed seeds) condemnation (v. קָרַש Pl. 7). Yeb.83a. 5) putting ashes in the water of lustration; the ashes put in. Ib. 42a bot. אסיפת אפרה … וק׳ (not לק׳, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 50) the collecting of its ashes, the drawing of water and the putting in of the ashes; ib. b Par. Vl, 1 ונפל הק׳וכ׳ and ashes fell on his hand. Ib. 2. Tosef. ib. VI (V), 1 עוסק עם הק׳ is engaged in the act of ḳiddush. Ib. 3 צריך ק׳ שני requires an additional putting in of ashes; a. fr.Pl. as ab. Ib. 5; a. e.6) betrothal. Mekh. Mishp. s. 3 ק׳ אחר ק׳וכ׳ the father of a minor has the authority to give her away in marriage a second time, v. אַמְהוּת; אבל לא אמהות אחר ק׳ but he cannot hire her out after having once given her away. Y.Kidd.II, 62c top נכללין בק׳ … בשלשה קידושין they (the three objects he gave her, when he said, ‘be betrothed with this, and this and this) are combined to form one act of betrothal (which is valid, if the three objects combined have the legally prescribed value), and are separated (if he said, ‘be betrothed with this, with this, with this) to form three acts of betrothal (and one of the objects at least must have the legal value); a. fr.Pl. as ab. Ib.Esp. ḳiddush in, the act of betrothal, legal and legitimate marriage (connubium). Kidd.IV, 9 קִידּוּשֶׁיהָ ק׳ her acceptance of the betrothal is a valid marriage; קִדּוּשָׁיו ק׳ his (the authorized messengers) acceptance is valid. Ib. III, 12 כל מקום שיש ק׳ ואין עברהוכ׳ wherever a betrothal is valid (where there is connubium), and no sin is connected with it, the issue follows the legal status of the male parent; וכל מקום שיש ק׳ ויש עברהוכ׳ but where the betrothal, if performed, is valid but sin is connected therewith, the issue has the status of the inferior parent, e. g. a widow married to a high priest. Ib. כל מי שאין לה עליו ק׳ אבל יש לה על אחרים ק׳וכ׳ in a case where a marriage cannot take place with that special person (on account of consanguinity), but may take place with others, the issue is a bastard (מַמְזֵר); וכל מי שאין לה לא עליו … ק׳וכ׳ where a marriage cannot take place either with that special person or with other Israelites (she having no right of connubium), the issue follows the status of the mother. Yeb.10b, a. fr. אין ק׳ תופסיןוכ׳ betrothal takes no effect in the case of Kidd.60b, a. fr. קִידּוּשֵׁי ודאי an undisputed betrothal; קידושי ספק a legally doubtful betrothal; a. fr.Trnsf. קִידּוּשִׁים, קִידּוּשִׁין, קִדּ׳ betrothal festivities, contrad. to wedding festivities. Num. R. s. 12 ועשה לה ק׳ גדולים and arranged for her sake large festivities; ib. (ref. to Ex. 20:18) ולא היו אלא ק׳ and these were merely the solemnities of (Israels) betrothal (ref. to וקדשתם, ib. 19:10); Pesik. R. s. 5; Tanḥ. Naso 17. Ḳiddushin, name of a treatise of the Mishnah, Tosefta, Talmud Babli and Yrushalmi, of the Order of Nashim. B. Bath.52b (a reference to Tosef.Kidd.I, 5) תני וב … בק׳ דבי לוי Rab … taught from the treatise of Ḳiddushin of the school of Levi (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 1). -
89 קִדּ׳
קִידּוּש, קִדּ׳m. (קָדַש) 1) sanctification, esp. ק׳ השם the sanctification of the Name (of the Lord, v. קְדוּשָּׁה), loyally to the Jewish faith, martyrdom. Y.Shebi.IV, 35a bot. Pesik. Bshall., p. 87a>. Deut. R. s. 2 (ref. to Prov. 24:21) אמר לו דבר של ק׳ שמיוכ׳ (not קידש שמא) the Lord said to Solomon, a thing which concerns the sanctification of my name (the unity of God) dost thou express by a brief allusion? Y.Kidd.IV, 65c bot. גדול הוא ק׳ השם מחילול השם a positive act of sanctification of the Name is superior to (supersedes) a law which is to prevent profanation of the Name; בחילול השם כתיב … ובק׳ השם מתחלתוכ׳ concerning the profanation of the Name it is written (Deut. 21:23), ‘thou shalt not suffer his body to remain (even) over night, but when the Name was to be sanctified (by an act of retributive justice), it is written (2 Sam. 21:10), ‘from the beginning of the harvest ; Y.Snh.VI, 23d (corr. acc.); a. fr.Pl. קִידּוּשִׁין. laws of sanctity. Y.Yeb.II, 3d top למה סמך … לפרשת ק׳ why does the Biblical text join the chapter on sanctity (Lev. 19) to that on incest (Lev. 17)?; (Lev. R. s. 24 לפרשת קְדוֹשִׁים, v. קָדוֹש). 2) proclamation of sanctity; a) of the New Moon, seasons (by the authorities). Tosef.Snh.II, 1 ק׳ החדש ועיבורוכ׳ the proclamation of the New Moon and the intercalation of a month require a court of three. Y. ib. I, 18c top חבירים … לק׳ הח׳ dare untitled scholars (v. חָבֵר) be admitted to sit on the proclamation of the New Moon?; a. fr.B. Bath. 121a מועדייי׳ צריכין ק׳ בית דיןוכ׳ the festivals of the Lord require to be regulated by the proclamation of the court, but the weekly Sabbath does not. Y.R. Hash. III, 58d bot. ק׳ב״ד the official proclamation of the jubilee; a. fr.Pl. as ab. Ex. R. s. 15 קִדּוּשֵׁי החדשים the proceedings at the proclamation of the New Moon.b) proclamation of the sanctity of the day by special prayer, Ḳiddush. Pes.100a מפסיקין לק׳ when the Sabbath or Holy Day begins, we must interrupt a meal to recite Ḳiddush. Ib. b ידי ק׳ יצאו they (that heard the Ḳiddush at synagogue) have complied with the duty of ushering the Sabbath in with Ḳiddush. Ib. 105a sq. אם אין לו … ק׳ היום מפני שק׳ היוםוכ׳ he who has only one cup of wine, recites over it the Ḳiddush of the day, because the sanctification of the day takes precedence of honoring the day (by grace after meal with wine). Meg.27b מכרה … והביאה לי ק׳ היום sold the bonnet on her head and procured for me the wine for the Ḳiddush of the day; a. fr. 3) washing hands and feet prior to a priestly function. Zeb.19b כיצד מצות ק׳ how is the act of washing done? Ib. לינה מועלת ק׳וכ׳ the intervention of the night has an effect on the sanctification of hands and feet, makes a renewed washing of hands and feet necessary. Ib. ק׳ שני the second sanctification (immediately before approaching the altar); Yoma 32b; a. fr.Pl. as ab. Ib. III, 3. Ib. 32b; a. e. 4) (of mixed seeds) condemnation (v. קָרַש Pl. 7). Yeb.83a. 5) putting ashes in the water of lustration; the ashes put in. Ib. 42a bot. אסיפת אפרה … וק׳ (not לק׳, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 50) the collecting of its ashes, the drawing of water and the putting in of the ashes; ib. b Par. Vl, 1 ונפל הק׳וכ׳ and ashes fell on his hand. Ib. 2. Tosef. ib. VI (V), 1 עוסק עם הק׳ is engaged in the act of ḳiddush. Ib. 3 צריך ק׳ שני requires an additional putting in of ashes; a. fr.Pl. as ab. Ib. 5; a. e.6) betrothal. Mekh. Mishp. s. 3 ק׳ אחר ק׳וכ׳ the father of a minor has the authority to give her away in marriage a second time, v. אַמְהוּת; אבל לא אמהות אחר ק׳ but he cannot hire her out after having once given her away. Y.Kidd.II, 62c top נכללין בק׳ … בשלשה קידושין they (the three objects he gave her, when he said, ‘be betrothed with this, and this and this) are combined to form one act of betrothal (which is valid, if the three objects combined have the legally prescribed value), and are separated (if he said, ‘be betrothed with this, with this, with this) to form three acts of betrothal (and one of the objects at least must have the legal value); a. fr.Pl. as ab. Ib.Esp. ḳiddush in, the act of betrothal, legal and legitimate marriage (connubium). Kidd.IV, 9 קִידּוּשֶׁיהָ ק׳ her acceptance of the betrothal is a valid marriage; קִדּוּשָׁיו ק׳ his (the authorized messengers) acceptance is valid. Ib. III, 12 כל מקום שיש ק׳ ואין עברהוכ׳ wherever a betrothal is valid (where there is connubium), and no sin is connected with it, the issue follows the legal status of the male parent; וכל מקום שיש ק׳ ויש עברהוכ׳ but where the betrothal, if performed, is valid but sin is connected therewith, the issue has the status of the inferior parent, e. g. a widow married to a high priest. Ib. כל מי שאין לה עליו ק׳ אבל יש לה על אחרים ק׳וכ׳ in a case where a marriage cannot take place with that special person (on account of consanguinity), but may take place with others, the issue is a bastard (מַמְזֵר); וכל מי שאין לה לא עליו … ק׳וכ׳ where a marriage cannot take place either with that special person or with other Israelites (she having no right of connubium), the issue follows the status of the mother. Yeb.10b, a. fr. אין ק׳ תופסיןוכ׳ betrothal takes no effect in the case of Kidd.60b, a. fr. קִידּוּשֵׁי ודאי an undisputed betrothal; קידושי ספק a legally doubtful betrothal; a. fr.Trnsf. קִידּוּשִׁים, קִידּוּשִׁין, קִדּ׳ betrothal festivities, contrad. to wedding festivities. Num. R. s. 12 ועשה לה ק׳ גדולים and arranged for her sake large festivities; ib. (ref. to Ex. 20:18) ולא היו אלא ק׳ and these were merely the solemnities of (Israels) betrothal (ref. to וקדשתם, ib. 19:10); Pesik. R. s. 5; Tanḥ. Naso 17. Ḳiddushin, name of a treatise of the Mishnah, Tosefta, Talmud Babli and Yrushalmi, of the Order of Nashim. B. Bath.52b (a reference to Tosef.Kidd.I, 5) תני וב … בק׳ דבי לוי Rab … taught from the treatise of Ḳiddushin of the school of Levi (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 1). -
90 И-75
ИСКРА БОЖЬЯ (у кого, в ком) obs NP sing only fixed WO1. ( s.o. has) talent, prominent natural ability: God-given talentGod-given gift.2. noble impulses, high aspirationshigh idealsdivine spark.(Андрей:)...Жены обманывают мужей, а мужья лгут, делают вид, что ничего не видят, ничего не слышат, и неотразимо пошлое влияние гнетет детей, и искра божья гаснет в них, и они становятся такими же жалкими, похожими друг на друга мертвецами, как их отцы и матери... (Чехов 5). (А.:)...The wives deceive their husbands, the husbands tell lies, pretend not to see anything, not to hear anythingand their profoundly vulgar influence has so crushing an effect on their children that the divine spark in them is extinguished and they become just as pitiable corpses, and as like to one another, as their fathers and mothers (5b). -
91 Т-145
ТОЛЬКО И... (restr Particle often used in the constructions только и... что (как, как бы)) used to single out one action, phenomenon etc in order to emphasize that it is the only one that has a place in the given situation, among the given group of people etconlysole(ly) nothing (else) but all (one does etc is...)....Однажды, одевшись лебедем, он (Грустилов) подплыл к одной купавшейся девице, дочери благородных родителей, у которой только и приданого было что красота... (Салтыков-Щедрин 1). Once, dressed as a swan, he (Melancholov) swam up to a maiden who was bathing-the daughter of noble parents, whose only dowry was her beauty... (1a).Нынче поутру у колодца только и было толков что об ночном нападении черкесов (Лермонтов 1). This morning, at the well, there was nothing but talk about the night raid of the Circassians (1a). The Cherkess night raid was the sole subject of conversation at the spring this morning (1b).Хотя бы (Аркадий сказал) одно слово в том смысле, что служба в армии - дело серьёзное, но что он постарается держаться. Ничего подобного!.. Отец, мать, бабушка и четыре девочки только и слышали о том, какие мелодии он разучит на саксофоне в ближайшем будущем (Залыгин 1). Не (Arkady) might have said something to the effect that army service was no joking matter, but that he would do his best, but he didn't say a word about it. Far from it. All his father, mother, grandmother, and the four girls heard from him was what tunes he'd soon be learning for the saxophone (1a). -
92 описание
description, account, picture, classification• Более точное описание включает (в себя)... - A more precise description includes...• Более точное описание получается (путем)... - A more accurate description is obtained by...• Давайте начнем с краткого описания... - Let us begin with a brief description of...• Данная глава начинается с описания... - This chapter begins with a description of...• Данное условие служит в качестве описания... - This condition serves as a description of...• Здесь мы даем упрощенное описание (чего-л). - Неге we give a simplified description of...• Краткие описания таких вещей (= процессов и т. п. ) также представляют интерес... - Sketches of these patterns are also of interest.• Краткое описание (= сводка)... приводится в... - A brief account of... is given in...• Нашей основной целью является описание... - Our main purpose is to given an exposition of...• Нашей основной целью является описание систематических методов для... - Our first concern is to describe systematic methods for...• Нижеследующее является кратким описанием... - The following is a brief account of...• Описание данного эффекта можно найти в статье [1]. - A description of this effect can be found in Smith [1].• Относительно более полного описания предмета см. Найквист [1]. - For a fuller treatment of this subject, see Nyquist [1].• Перед тем, как приступить к подробному изложению, дадим краткое описание... - Before entering into the details, we give a brief description of...• Подробное описание методологии можно найти в статье Смита [1]. - A detailed description of the methodology may be found in Smith [1].• Предшествующие абзацы - это очень краткое и упрощенное описание (чего-л). - The foregoing paragraphs are a very brief and simplified account of...• Предыдущее описание просто иллюстрирует принцип... - The above description merely illustrates the principle of...• Примеры будут найдены в стандартных описаниях (= отчетах)... - Examples will be found in standard accounts of...• Следующим нашим шагом будет описание... - Our next task is to describe...• Чтобы получить более точное и детальное описание, необходимо... - То obtain a more accurate and detailed description, it is necessary to...• Эта книга дает современное описание... - This book provides an up-to-date description of... -
93 рисунок
(= фигура) design, figure, drawing, illustration• Из рисунка понятно, что... - From the figure it is clear that...• Как иллюстрируется на рисунке 1... - As illustrated in Figure 1,...• На рисунке 1 показан/приведен... - Fig. 1 gives...; Fig. 1 illustrates...; Fig. 1 depicts...; Fig. 1 displays...; In Fig. 1 is shown...• Набросок приведен на рисунке 1. - This is sketched in Fig. 1.• Обращаясь вновь к рисунку 1, мы видим, что... - Referring again to Figure 1, we see that...• Обращаясь к рисунку 1, мы можем видеть, что... - With reference to Figure 1, it can be seen that...• Обращаясь к рисунку 1, мы видим, что... - Referring to Figure 1, it will be seen that...• Общий эффект показан на рисунке 1. - The general effect is shown in Figure 1.• Один тип... показан на рисунке 1. - One type of... is shown in Figure 1.• Показанное на рисунке 1 устройство является... - The device in Fig. 1 is...• ростая иллюстрация для этого дается на рисунке 1, где... - A simple illustration of this is given in Figure 1, where...• Процесс, изображенный на рисунке 1, подобен... - The process, shown in Fig. 1, is similar to...• Результаты представлены на рисунке 1. - The results are depicted in Fig. 1.• Рисунки 1 и 2 показывают воздействие... - Figures l and 2 show the effects of...• Типичный... показан на рисунке 1. - A typical... is shown in Figure 1.• Характер данной аппроксимации иллюстрируется на рисунке 7. - The nature of the approximation is illustrated in Figure 7.• Эскиз системы дается на рисунке 1. - A sketch of the system is given in Figure 1.• Эти две основные возможности иллюстрируются рисунком 1. - The two main possibilities are illustrated in Figure 1.• Это станет очевидным после анализа рисунков. - This will be obvious from a study of the figures.• Это ясно представлено на данном рисунке. - This is clearly brought out in the figure.• Этот рисунок четко показывает принципиальные различия между... - This figure clearly illustrates the basic differences between... -
94 статья
(см. также книга, глава, параграф) article, item, paper, contribution; clause• Автор должен переписать второй параграф данной статьи перед тем, как она может быть одобрена для публикации. - The author must rewrite Section 2 of this paper before it can be accepted for publication.• В данной статье делается попытка суммировать все известное в настоящее время относительно... - This paper attempts to summarize everything known at present about...• В данной статье описываются наши последние данные в области... - This paper presents our latest findings in the area of...• В основном статья посвящена установлению количественных соотношений... - In the main the paper is primarily concerned with establishing quantitative performance data for• В статье изучается... - The paper is concerned with...; The article deals with...; The paper presents...• Данная статья описывает результаты... - This paper describes the results of...• Из статьи Смита [1] теперь известно, что... - Prom the work of Smith [1] it is now known that...• Информация в данной статье жизненно важна в вопросах эффективности... - The information in this paper is vital to the effectiveness of...• К сожалению, данная статья довольно плохо написана. - This paper is, unfortunately, rather poorly written.• Описание данного эффекта можно найти в статье [1]. - A description of this effect can be found in Smith [1].• Перед дальнейшим рассмотрением от автора следует потребовать переписать второй параграф статьи. - The author should be required to revise Section 2 before the paper is given further consideration.• Перед публикацией эта статья должна быть полностью переписана. - This paper should be thoroughly revised before publication.• План статьи состоит в следующем. - The outline of the paper is as follows.• После переработки согласно указанным выше предложениям данная статья станет пригодной для публикации. - Once revised according to the suggestions given above, the paper should be acceptable for publication.• Профессор Смит опубликовал большую статью о... - Prof Smith published a lengthy/extensive paper on...• Статья является довольно длинной, однако... - The paper is rather long, but...• Статья является немного длинной, однако... - The paper is somewhat lengthy, but...• Хотя и хорошо написанная, эта статья является не слишком содержательной. - Although well-written, this paper is not very informative.• Эта статья дает новый взгляд на... - This paper provides a new viewpoint on...• Эта статья является важной для всех, кто работает в области... - This paper is important to all those working in the field of...• Эта статья является важной по трем причинам. - This paper is important for three reasons.• Эта статья является важной, потому что она... - This paper is important because it...• Эта статья является ключевым источником для инженеров-электриков, заинтересованных в теории... - This paper is crucial reading for electrical engineers concerned with the theory of...• Эта статья является наиболее значимой, потому что... - This paper is crucial because it...• Эта статья является решающей в демонстрации... - This paper is crucial in demonstrating...• Это хорошо написанная и содержательная статья. - This is a well-written, informative paper. -
95 только и...
• ТОЛЬКО И...=====⇒ used to single out one action, phenomenon etc in order to emphasize that it is the only one that has a place in the given situation, among the given group of people etc:- only;- sole(ly);- all (one does etc is...).♦...Однажды, одевшись лебедем, он [Грустилов] подплыл к одной купавшейся девице, дочери благородных родителей, у которой только и приданого было что красота... (Салтыков-Щедрин 1). Once, dressed as a swan, he [Melancholov] swam up to a maiden who was bathing-the daughter of noble parents, whose only dowry was her beauty... (1a).♦ Нынче поутру у колодца только и было толков что об ночном нападении черкесов (Лермонтов 1). This morning, at the well, there was nothing but talk about the night raid of the Circassians (1a). The Cherkess night raid was the sole subject of conversation at the spring this morning (1b).♦ Хотя бы [Аркадий сказал] одно слово в том смысле, что служба в армии - дело серьёзное, но что он постарается держаться. Ничего подобного!.. Отец, мать, бабушка и четыре девочки только и слышали о том, какие мелодии он разучит на саксофоне в ближайшем будущем (Залыгин 1). Не [Arkady] might have said something to the effect that army service was no joking matter, but that he would do his best, but he didn't say a word about it. Far from it. All his father, mother, grandmother, and the four girls heard from him was what tunes he'd soon be learning for the saxophone (1a).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > только и...
-
96 ausgehen
v/i (unreg., trennb., ist -ge-)1. (weggehen, auch zum Vergnügen) go out; zum Essen ausgehen eat out; mein Vater ist ausgegangen my father’s out ( oder isn’t in); sie gehen wenig aus they hardly ever go out, they don’t go out much2. ausgehen von (kommen) von einem Ort: start from ( oder at); Anregung, Vorschlag: come from; Gefühl, Wärme: radiate, emanate; die Sache ging von ihm aus it was his idea; der Plan ging von der Regierung aus the government initiated the plan; von ihm geht eine Ruhe / Begeisterungsfähigkeit aus he radiates calm / enthusiasm3. fig.: ausgehen von (als Grundlage nehmen) take s.th. as a starting point; fig. bei einer Entscheidung etc. von etw. ausgehen base a decision etc. on s.th.; wenn wir davon ausgehen, dass... on the assumption that..., assuming that...; ich gehe davon aus, dass... I’m assuming that..., I’m working on the assumption that...; Sie dürfen davon ausgehen, dass... you can assume ( oder take it as read, Am. given) that...; Sie gehen von falschen Voraussetzungen aus you’re starting from false assumptions4. (resultieren) end, turn out; gut etc. ausgehen turn out well etc.; der Film geht gut / tragisch aus the film has a happy ending / the film has a tragic ending, the film ends tragically ( oder in tragedy); wie ist die Sache ausgegangen? how did it work out ( oder end up)?; wie ist das Spiel ausgegangen? how did the match (Am. game) end?; das Spiel ging 1:3 aus the match (Am. game) ended 1-3; unentschieden ausgehen end in a draw5. Geld, Vorrat etc.: run out; allmählich: run low; uns ging das Geld / der Gesprächsstoff etc. aus we ran out of money / things to say to each other; mir geht bald die Geduld ( mit ihr) aus I’m running out of patience (with her); ihm ging die Luft ( oder der Atem, umg. die Puste) aus he ran out of breath (fig. steam)6. Licht, Feuer etc.: go out; Dial. Kino, Schule etc.: finish8. ( straf) frei ausgehen go unprosecuted ( oder unpunished); get off (scot-free) umg.; leer ausgehen come away empty-handed, end up with nothing* * *(ausfallen) to fall out;(enden) to eventuate; to go out;(erlöschen) to go out;(herstammen) to emanate;(weggehen) to go out;(zu Ende gehen) to run out* * *aus|ge|hen sep irreg aux sein1. vi1) (=weggehen zum Vergnügen) to go out; (= spazieren gehen) to go out (for a walk)er geht selten aus — he doesn't go out much
ihm gehen die Haare aus — his hair is falling out
ihm gehen die Zähne aus — he is losing his teeth
von dem Platz gehen vier Straßen aus — four streets lead or go off (from) the square
von der Rede des Ministers ging eine große Wirkung aus — the minister's speech had a great effect
4) (=abgeschickt werden Post) to be sent offdie áúsgehende Post — the outgoing mail
5) (= zugrunde legen) to start out (von from)gehen wir einmal davon aus, dass... — let us assume that..., let us start from the assumption that...
wovon gehst du bei dieser Behauptung aus? — on what are you basing your statement?
davon kann man nicht áúsgehen — you can't go by that
6)áúsgehen — to be intent on sth
auf Gewinn áúsgehen — to be intent on making a profit
auf Eroberungen áúsgehen (hum inf) — to be out to make a few conquests
7) (=einen bestimmten Ausgang haben ESP SPORT) to end; (= ausfallen) to turn outgut/schlecht áúsgehen — to turn out well/badly; (Film etc) to end happily/unhappily; (Abend, Spiel) to end well/badly
8) (LING = enden) to end9)straffrei or straflos áúsgehen — to receive no punishment, to get off scot-free (inf)
leer áúsgehen (inf) — to come away empty-handed
10) (=zu Ende sein Vorräte etc) to run out; (dial Vorstellung, Schule etc) to finishmir ging die Geduld aus — I lost (my) patience
mir ging das Geld aus — I ran out of money
ihm ist die Luft or die Puste or der Atem ausgegangen (inf) (lit) — he ran out of breath or puff (Brit inf); (fig) he ran out of steam (inf); (finanziell) he ran out of funds
11) (= aufhören zu brennen) to go out12) (inf = sich ausziehen lassen) to come offdie nassen Sachen gehen so schwer aus — these wet things are so hard to take off
2. vr (Aus)es geht sich aus — it works out all right; (Vorräte, Geld etc) there is enough
* * *1) ((with well/badly) to be approved or disapproved of: The story went down well (with them).) go down2) (to become extinguished: The light has gone out.) go out3) (to go to parties, concerts, meetings etc: We don't go out as much as we did when we were younger.) go out4) (to be frequently in the company of (a person, usually of the opposite sex): I've been going out with her for months.) go out5) ((of a supply) to come to an end: The food has run out.) run out6) ((with of) to have no more: We've run out of money.) run out* * *aus|ge·henvi irreg Hilfsverb: sein1. (aus dem Haus gehen, sich vergnügen) to go outer ging aus, um Einkäufe zu machen we went out for shopping▪ ausgegangen sein to have gone out, to be out2. (sich vergnügen) to go outzum Essen \ausgehen to dine outgroß \ausgehen to go out in great style3. (abgehen)von dem Platz gehen vier Straßen aus four streets lead from [or off] the square4. (herrühren, vorgebracht werden)▪ von jdm \ausgehen to come from sbvon wem geht diese Idee aus? whose idea is this?5. (ausgestrahlt werden)▪ etw geht von jdm/etw aus sb/sth radiates sthvon dem Feuer geht ein warmer Schein aus the fire spreads a warm lightgroße Ruhe geht von ihr aus she radiates a feeling of great calm6. (enden) to end▪ gut/schlecht \ausgehen to turn out well/badly; Buch, Film to have a happy/sad end[ing]; Spiel to end well/badlyunentschieden \ausgehen to end in a drawin der ganzen Straße gingen die Lichter aus the whole street went blackmir ist schon wieder das Kaminfeuer/die Zigarette ausgegangen my cigarette/the fire has gone out again8. (zum Ausgangspunkt nehmen)▪ von etw dat \ausgehen Annahme to start [out] from sth; Person to take sth as a starting point; (zugrunde legen) to take sth as a basis; (basieren) to be based on sth; (annehmen) to assume sthwovon gehst du bei deiner Theorie aus? what are you basing your theory on?diese Theorie geht von der falschen Voraussetzung aus this theory is based on the wrong assumptiondavon kannst du nicht \ausgehen you can't go by thatdavon [o von der Annahme] \ausgehen, dass... to assume [or start [out] from the assumption] that...es ist davon auszugehen, dass... it can be assumed that...von der Tatsache/Vorstellung ausgehen, dass... to start [out] from the fact/idea that...9. (sich erschöpfen) to run outdas Brot ist ausgegangen there's no more bread▪ etw geht jdm aus sb runs out of sthuns ist das Brot ausgegangen we've run out of breaduns geht langsam das Geld aus we're running out of moneydeine guten Ausreden gehen dir wohl auch nie aus! (fam) you're never at a loss for a good excusemir geht [allmählich] die Geduld aus I'm losing [my] patienceihm ist die Luft [o (fam) Puste] ausgegangen he ran out of steam fam; (finanziell) he ran out of funds10. (ausfallen) to fall outjdm gehen die Haare/Zähne aus sb's hair is/sb's teeth are falling outdas Kleid geht beim Waschen aus the dress fades when you wash it▪ sich \ausgehen to be enoughes geht sich aus there's enoughdie Milch geht sich für den Kaffee noch aus there's [or we have] just enough milk for the coffeees geht sich aus, dass wir den Bus erreichen we'll manage to catch the bus* * *unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb; mit sein1) go out2) (fast aufgebraucht sein; auch fig.) run outihm geht der Atem od. die Luft od. (ugs.) die Puste aus — he is getting short or out of breath; he is running out of puff (Brit. coll.); (fig.): (er hat keine Kraft mehr) he is running out of steam; (fig.): (er ist finanziell am Ende) he is going broke (coll.)
3) (ausfallen) < hair> fall out4) (aufhören zu brennen) go out5) (enden) endgut/schlecht ausgehen — turn out well/badly; <story, film> end happily/unhappily
6) (herrühren)von jemandem/etwas ausgehen — come from somebody/something
7)von etwas ausgehen — (etwas zugrunde legen) take something as one's starting point
8)auf Abenteuer ausgehen — look for adventure
auf Eroberungen ausgehen — (scherzh.) set out or be aiming to make a few conquests; s. auch leer 1); straffrei
* * *ausgehen v/i (irr, trennb, ist -ge-)1. (weggehen, auch zum Vergnügen) go out;zum Essen ausgehen eat out;mein Vater ist ausgegangen my father’s out ( oder isn’t in);sie gehen wenig aus they hardly ever go out, they don’t go out much2.ausgehen von (kommen) von einem Ort: start from ( oder at); Anregung, Vorschlag: come from; Gefühl, Wärme: radiate, emanate;die Sache ging von ihm aus it was his idea;der Plan ging von der Regierung aus the government initiated the plan;von ihm geht eine Ruhe/Begeisterungsfähigkeit aus he radiates calm/enthusiasm3. fig:figvon etwas ausgehen base a decision etc on sth;wenn wir davon ausgehen, dass … on the assumption that …, assuming that …;ich gehe davon aus, dass … I’m assuming that …, I’m working on the assumption that …;Sie gehen von falschen Voraussetzungen aus you’re starting from false assumptions4. (resultieren) end, turn out;gut etcausgehen turn out well etc;der Film geht gut/tragisch aus the film has a happy ending/the film has a tragic ending, the film ends tragically ( oder in tragedy);wie ist die Sache ausgegangen? how did it work out ( oder end up)?;wie ist das Spiel ausgegangen? how did the match (US game) end?;das Spiel ging 1:3 aus the match (US game) ended 1-3;unentschieden ausgehen end in a drawuns ging das Geld/der Gesprächsstoff etcaus we ran out of money/things to say to each other;mir geht bald die Geduld (mit ihr) aus I’m running out of patience (with her);der Atem, umgaus he ran out of breath (fig steam)6. Licht, Feuer etc: go out; dial Kino, Schule etc: finish7. Haare, Federn etc: fall out;ihm gehen die Haare aus auch he’s losing his hair8.leer ausgehen come away empty-handed, end up with nothing9.auf etwas (akk)10.12. österr:* * *unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb; mit sein1) go out2) (fast aufgebraucht sein; auch fig.) run outihm geht der Atem od. die Luft od. (ugs.) die Puste aus — he is getting short or out of breath; he is running out of puff (Brit. coll.); (fig.): (er hat keine Kraft mehr) he is running out of steam; (fig.): (er ist finanziell am Ende) he is going broke (coll.)
3) (ausfallen) < hair> fall out4) (aufhören zu brennen) go out5) (enden) endgut/schlecht ausgehen — turn out well/badly; <story, film> end happily/unhappily
6) (herrühren)von jemandem/etwas ausgehen — come from somebody/something
7)von etwas ausgehen — (etwas zugrunde legen) take something as one's starting point
8)auf Eroberungen ausgehen — (scherzh.) set out or be aiming to make a few conquests; s. auch leer 1); straffrei
* * *v.to go out v.to outgo v. -
97 afán
m.1 enthusiasm, urge, eagerness, fervor.2 toil, travail.3 fidget.* * *2 (esfuerzo) effort* * *noun m.eagerness, desire* * *SM1) (=deseo) eagerness•
con afán de, con afán de agradar, repartió regalos para todos — in his eagerness to please he gave everyone presents•
por afán de, lo hizo por afán de superarse — she did out of a desire to better herself•
tener afán de algo — to be eager for sthafán de lucro, el afán de lucro — the profit motive
afán de protagonismo, un juez con afán de protagonismo — a judge who loves publicity o always wants to be in the limelight
tu hermano tiene mucho afán de protagonismo — your brother always wants to be the centre of attention
afán de victoria — will to win, desire to win
2) (=ahínco)3) frm (=intención)4) LAm (=prisa) hurry* * *1)a) ( anhelo) eagernessafán de + inf — eagerness to + inf
b) ( empeño) effort2) (Col fam) ( prisa) hurry* * *= eagerness, industry.Ex. The sense of alienation that had evolved over 50 years has gradually given way to a spirit of teamwork and eagerness to learn.Ex. In fact, the terms of the contrast are highly ambivalent: order vs. anarchy, liberty vs. despotism, or industry vs. sloth, and also dissimulation vs. honesty.----* afán de protagonismo = outburst of ego.* con afán = earnestly.* * *1)a) ( anhelo) eagernessafán de + inf — eagerness to + inf
b) ( empeño) effort2) (Col fam) ( prisa) hurry* * *= eagerness, industry.Ex: The sense of alienation that had evolved over 50 years has gradually given way to a spirit of teamwork and eagerness to learn.
Ex: In fact, the terms of the contrast are highly ambivalent: order vs. anarchy, liberty vs. despotism, or industry vs. sloth, and also dissimulation vs. honesty.* afán de protagonismo = outburst of ego.* con afán = earnestly.* * *A1 (anhelo) eagernesssu afán de aventuras his thirst for adventuresu afán de superación her eagerness to better herselfafán DE + INF:su afán de agradar their eagerness o anxiousness o keenness to pleasetiene afán de aprender she's keen to learnafán POR + INF:su afán por alcanzar la fama his desire to become famous2 (empeño) effortpone mucho afán en todo lo que hace he puts a lot (of effort) into everything he does¡tanto afán para nada! all that effort for nothing!tengo un afán horrible I'm in a terrible hurry* * *
afán sustantivo masculino
1
afán de hacer algo eagerness to do sth;
su afán de agradar their eagerness to please;
tiene afán de aprender she's eager to learn
2 (Col fam) ( prisa) hurry
afán sustantivo masculino
1 (empeño) effort
2 (anhelo) desire: su mayor afán era ayudarte, his only wish was to help you
(celo) zeal
' afán' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
protagonismo
- prurito
- empeño
English:
zealously
- anxious
* * *afán nm1. [esfuerzo] hard work;con afán energetically, enthusiastically;pone mucho afán en el trabajo she puts a lot of effort into her work2. [anhelo] urge;afán de riquezas desire for wealth;su único afán es salir por televisión his one ambition is to appear on television;su afán de agradar llega a ser irritante his eagerness to please can be positively irritating;tienen mucho afán por conocerte they're really keen to meet you;lo único que le mueve es el afán de lucro he's only interested in money;lo hizo sin afán de lucro she did it with no thought of personal gain* * *m1 ( esfuerzo) effort2 ( deseo) eagerness;afán de aprender eagerness to learn;afán de saber hunger o thirst for knowledge;afán de poder hunger for power;sin afán de lucro organización not-for-profit, non-profit;con afán enthusiastically* * *1) anhelo: eagerness, desire2) empeño: effort, determination -
98 combinación
f.1 combination, combine, composite, mixture.2 mixing, conjugation, combination.3 petticoat, skirtlike feminine undergarment, underskirt, slip.4 combination, permutation.5 synthesis.6 ring.* * *1 combination2 (prenda) slip3 (cóctel) cocktail4 (lotería, quiniela) permutation, numbers plural5 figurado (artimaña) fiddle, wangle* * *noun f.* * *SF1) [de elementos, factores] combination2) [de números] combination3) (Quím) compound4) [de transportes] connection5) (=prenda) slip6) (Literat)combinación métrica — stanza form, rhyme scheme
* * *1)a) (de colores, sabores) combinationb) (Mat) permutationc) ( de caja fuerte) combination2) (Indum) slip3) (Transp) connection* * *1)a) (de colores, sabores) combinationb) (Mat) permutationc) ( de caja fuerte) combination2) (Indum) slip3) (Transp) connection* * *combinación11 = petticoat.Ex: But until these new pretty garments are ready, the boy will still have to put up with his girl cousins' left-off petticoats and pinnies.
combinación22 = bedfellow, blend, congeries, juxtaposition, mix, piecing together, concatenation, meshing, combination, interweaving, cocktail, ensemble, meld, coupling, conjoining.Ex: I would like to devote a couple of moments each to what may seem strange bedfellows at first: Sholom Aleichem, Melvil's Rib, the CIA, and La Jolla, California.
Ex: Thus in index or catalogue or data base design the indexer must choose an appropriate blend of recall and precision for each individual application.Ex: To be sure, it still has its congeries of mills and factories, its grimy huddle of frame dwellings and congested tenements, its stark, jagged skyline, but its old face is gradually changing.Ex: It achieves this aim principally through the juxtaposition of related subjects in a classified order.Ex: There are important employment opportunities available to people equipped with the right mix of skills and experience.Ex: Progress in research is dependent on the piecing together of items of information from many sources.Ex: Facilities are being developed to enable fast, effective communication over a concatenation of terrestrial and satellite networks.Ex: This paper describes the importance of team management to career development, as well as the meshing of organizational and individual needs, and views the career as a longitudinal concept.Ex: The software can search each field or a combination of fields.Ex: This paper illustrates the possible future interweaving of information retrieval and entertainment.Ex: He rightly characterizes his book as a ' cocktail of personal and public observations.Ex: DIANE is the name that has been given to the ensemble of available information services.Ex: The article is entitled 'Scholars and media: an unmixable mess of oil and water or a perfect meld of oil and vinegar?'.Ex: Will the coupling of libraries and museums mean unprecedented cooperation between these venerable institutions?.Ex: This sign is in effect a prototypical example of the conjoining of words and images.* combinación de colores = colour pattern, colour scheme.* combinación perfecta = perfect match.* en combinación con = in parallel to/with, in combination with.* orden de combinación de encabezamiento = citation order.* orden de combinación de encabezamientos = citation order.* realizar una combinación = perform + combination.* una combinación de = a mixture of, a mix of, a rollup of.combinación33 = code, combination.Ex: The user can page forward through the file by entering the forward code (f) and page backward by entering the backward code (b).
Ex: Combinations are to be given only to a minimum number of employees required to have access to the safe.* cerradura de combinación = combination lock.* combinación de la caja fuerte = safe code, safe combination.* * *A1 (de colores, sabores) combinationla película es una combinación de amor, intriga y suspense the movie is a combination o mixture of love, mystery and suspense2 ( Quím) compound3 ( Mat) permutation4 (de una caja fuerte) combinationB ( Indum) slipC ( Transp) connectionhay que hacer combinación en Diagonal ( Arg); you have to change at Diagonal* * *
combinación sustantivo femenino
c) (Mat) permutationd) (Indum) slipe) (Transp) connection
combinación sustantivo femenino
1 combination
2 (prenda interior femenina) slip
' combinación' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acertante
- acierto
- mezcla
- síntesis
English:
brunch
- combination
- match
- petticoat
- scheme
- slip
- underskirt
- blend
- color
* * *combinación nf1. [unión, mezcla] combination;una combinación explosiva an explosive combination;la perfecta combinación entre juventud y experiencia the perfect combination o mix of youth and experience;no tomar en combinación con otros analgésicos [en etiqueta] not to be taken with other painkillers2. [de bebidas] cocktail3. [de caja fuerte] combination;la combinación ganadora fue… [en lotería] the winning numbers were…4. [prenda] slip5. [plan] scheme6. Mat permutation7. Quím compound8. [de medios de transporte] connections;no hay buena combinación para ir de aquí allí there's no easy way of getting there from here;hay muy buena combinación para llegar al aeropuerto there's a very good connection to the airportuna perfecta combinación entre los dos jugadores acabó en gol the two players combined perfectly to score a goal* * *f1 combination;combinación numérica combination of numbers2 prenda slip3:hacer combinación TRANSP change* * *combinación nf, pl - ciones1) : combination2) : connection (in travel)* * *1. (en general) combination3. (prenda) slip -
99 estado
m.1 state.estado de excepción o emergencia state of emergencyestado de salud (state of) healthestado de sitio state of siegeel estado de las carreteras road conditionsestar en buen/mal estado to be in good/bad condition; (vehículo, terreno) to be fresh/off (alimento, bebida)en estado de alerta on (the) alertestar en estado (de esperanza o buena esperanza) to be expectingquedarse en estado to become pregnantestado anímico o de ánimo state of mindestado de bienestar welfare stateestado civil marital statusen estado de coma in a comaestado de cuentas statement of accounts2 state (gobierno).el estado the State3 state.estado policial police stateestado satélite satellite (state)Estados Unidos de América United States of America4 status, standing.5 condition, shape.past part.past participle of spanish verb: estar.* * *1 (situación) state, condition2 (en orden social) status3 HISTORIA estate4 PLÍTICA state\estar en buen estado to be in good conditionestar en estado to be pregnantestar en estado de funcionamiento to be in working orderestar en mal estado to be in bad conditionestado civil marital statusestado de ánimo state of mindestado de bienestar welfare stateestado de cuentas statement of accountsestado de excepción state of emergencyestado de guerra state of warestado de salud state of healthestado mayor MILITAR staffestado noble noble estateestado sólido solid state* * *noun m.1) state2) status3) condition* * *SM1) (=situación)a) [de objeto, proceso] state¿en qué estado se encuentran las relaciones entre los dos países? — what is the state of relations between the two countries?
el ordenador está en perfecto estado — the computer is working perfectly o is in perfect working order
•
estar en mal estado — [instalación] to be in (a) poor condition, be in a bad state; [alimentos] to be offel techo se encontraba en muy mal estado — the roof was in very poor condition o in a very bad state
tras comer carne en mal estado — after eating meat that was off o that had gone off
b) [de persona] conditionestado de alarma, estado de alerta — state of alert
estado de ánimo — [emocional] mood; [mental] state of mind
estado de coma — coma, state of coma
en este estado de cosas, lo mejor es convocar nuevas elecciones — given the state of affairs, the best thing to do is call another election
¿cuál es el estado de cosas ahora? — what's the state of play now?
estado de emergencia, estado de excepción — state of emergency
estado de gracia — [de creyente] state of grace; [de político, gobierno] honeymoon period; [de deportista] run of good form
estado de la red — (Inform) volume of users
estado de salud — condition, state of health
2) (Fís) state3)• en estado (=embarazada) —
•
en avanzado estado de gestación — heavily pregnant, in an advanced state of pregnancy•
estar en estado interesante — hum to be expecting, be in the family way *4) (=nación) statelos intereses del estado — national o state interests
asuntos de estado — affairs of state, state affairs
•
hombre de estado — statesmanestado asistencial, estado benefactor — welfare state
golpe 10)estado del bienestar, estado de previsión — welfare state
5) (=región) [en EE.UU., México, Brasil] state6) ( Hist) (=clase) estate7) (Mil)8) (Com, Econ) (=informe) reportestado de contabilidad — Méx balance sheet
estado de cuenta — bank statement, statement of account frm
estado de cuentas — [de una empresa] statement of account
* * *1)a) (situación, condición) stateen avanzado estado de descomposición — (frml) in an advanced state of decomposition
en estado de embriaguez — (frml) under the influence of alcohol
tomar estado público — (RPl frml) to become public (knowledge)
b) (Med) conditionen avanzado estado de gestación — (frml) in an advanced state of pregnancy (frml)
estar en estado — (euf) to be expecting (colloq)
estar en estado de buena esperanza — (euf or hum) to be expecting a happy event (euph)
quedarse en estado — (euf) to get pregnant
2) (nación, gobierno) statela seguridad del Estado — national o state security
•* * *1)a) (situación, condición) stateen avanzado estado de descomposición — (frml) in an advanced state of decomposition
en estado de embriaguez — (frml) under the influence of alcohol
tomar estado público — (RPl frml) to become public (knowledge)
b) (Med) conditionen avanzado estado de gestación — (frml) in an advanced state of pregnancy (frml)
estar en estado — (euf) to be expecting (colloq)
estar en estado de buena esperanza — (euf or hum) to be expecting a happy event (euph)
quedarse en estado — (euf) to get pregnant
2) (nación, gobierno) statela seguridad del Estado — national o state security
•* * *estado11 = state, commonwealth.Ex: WLN (Western Library Network) is composed of libraries in the states of Washington and Alaska in the United states, and is expanding to cover other states and libraries in Canada.
Ex: The article is entitled 'Academic libraries: `towards commonwealth and coalitions'.* abogado del estado, abogado de la corona = Queen's Counsel (QC).* al norte del estado = upstate.* capital del estado = nation-state capital, state capital.* Capitolio del Estado = State Capitol.* condición de estado = statehood.* controlado por el estado = state-controlled.* Denominación de Productos para las Estadísticas del Comercio Externo de la C = Nomenclature of Goods for the External Trade Statistics of the Community and Statistics of Trade between Member States (NIMEXE).* de varios estados = multi-state [multistate].* empleado del estado = state employee.* en el norte del estado = upstate.* en todo el estado = statewide [state-wide].* estado árabe = Arab state.* estado de derecho = rule of law.* estado de hecho = rule of men.* estado del bienestar = welfare state.* estado isleño = island nation.* estado laico = secular state.* estado miembro = member government, member state.* estado nacional = nation state, national state.* estado niñera = nanny state.* estado paternalista = nanny state.* estados bálticos, los = Baltic States, the.* estado soberano = sovereign state.* Estados Unidos continental = continental United States, the.* Estados Unidos de América, los (EE.UU., los) = USA, the (United States of America, the).* Estados Unidos, los = US, US, the [U.S.], United States, the.* financiado por el estado = state-supported, state-funded.* golpe de estado = coup d'etat, putsch.* Guerra entre España y los Estados Unidos, la = Spanish-American War, the.* hombre de estado = statesman [statesmen, -pl.].* intento de golpe de estado = attempted coup, coup attempt.* jefe de estado = head of state, chief of state.* jefe del estado mayor = Chief of Staff.* localizado en los Estados Unidos = US-based.* nación sin estado = stateless nation.* objeto de delito contra el estado = impeachable.* papá estado = nanny state.* poder del estado = state power.* propiedad del estado = state property.* región central de los Estados Unidos, la = American midwest, the.* regulado por el estado = state-regulated.* secretario de Estado = Secretary of State.* Secretario de Estado, el = State Secretary, the.* secreto de estado = state secret.* supervisado por el estado = state-regulated.* tentativa de golpe de estado = attempted coup, coup attempt.* visita de estado = state visit.* zona de los tres estados = tristate area.estado22 = stage, state, status, condition.Ex: The first stage in the choice of access points must be the definition of an author.
Ex: Before she could respond and follow up with a question about her distraught state, Feng escaped to the women's room.Ex: AACR2 assigns this main entry status to the person who is chiefly responsible for the creation of the intellectual or artistic content of a work.Ex: He was laid upon the bed and upon examination his head was found in a terrible condition, swelled and bruised from the effect of sandbag blows.* alternar de un estado a otro = toggle.* base de datos en estado original = raw database.* buen estado físico = fitness, physical fitness.* datos en estado bruto = raw facts.* dejar a Alguien en estado = knock + Alguien + up.* el estado de las cosas = the lay of the land [the lie of the land, -UK].* en buen estado = in good condition, in good working condition, in good shape, in good nick.* en buen estado de funcionamiento = in good working condition.* en estado = pregnant, in the family way.* en estado de abandono = decaying, dilapidated.* en estado de alerta = on standby, on alert.* en estado de buena esperanza = pregnant, in the family way.* en estado de cambio = in a state of flux.* en estado de descomposición = decaying.* en estado de deterioro = decaying, dilapidated.* en estado de reserva = on standby.* en estado de sitio = in a state of siege, under siege.* en estado embrionario = embryo, embryonic, in embryonic stage, in embryo, in the embryo stage.* en excelente estado = in tip-top condition, in tip-top form.* en mal estado = in bad condition, in poor condition, in bad shape, in poor shape, in bad nick.* en perfecto estado = intact, in mint condition, in immaculate condition.* en su estado embrionario = in its embryonic stage.* en su estado natural = in the wild.* en tado de deterioro = dilapidated.* en un estado embrionario = in an embryonic stage.* estado actual = current state, present state.* estado anímico = state, mood.* estado civil = marital status.* estado de abandono = state of neglect.* estado de alerta = state of alert.* estado de amenaza terrorista = terror alert.* estado de ánimo = mood, state of mind, frame of mind, humour [humor, -USA].* estado de cambio = state of flux.* estado de confusión = state of confusion.* estado de emergencia = state of emergency.* estado de excepción = state of emergency, state of exception.* estado de inactividad = state of dormancy.* estado de la circulación = traffic conditions.* estado de la cuestión = state of the art.* estado del arte = state of the art.* estado de las artes = state of the arts.* estado de las carreteras = traffic report, road conditions.* estado del ordenador en fuera de línea = offlineness.* estado del ordenador en línea = onlineness.* estado del tiempo = weather conditions.* estado de salud = state of health.* estado de trance = state of trance.* estado de una situación = state of being.* estado de vigilia = wakefulness.* estado físico = physical condition, physical shape, physical state.* estado híbrido = hybridity.* estado incompleto = incompleteness.* estado latente = latency, state of dormancy.* estado líquido = molten state.* estado molecular = molecular state.* estado natural = natural state.* estado sólido = solid state.* estado vegetativo = vegetative state.* estado vegetativo persistente = persistent vegetative state.* estar en estado = be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.* estar en estado de buena esperanza = be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.* estar en estado de cambio = be in flux.* estudio crítico del estado de la cuestión = review.* estudio del estado de la cuestión = survey.* física del estado sólido = solid state physics.* información en su estado primario = raw information.* informe del estado de la cuestión = state of the art report, state of the art review.* informe sobre el estado de la nación = state of the nation report.* informe sobre el estado general de las carreteras = road report.* mal estado = disrepair, state of disrepair.* mal estado de salud = poor health.* mantenerse en buen estado físico = keep + fit.* mujer en estado = pregnant woman.* perfecto estado = intactness.* poner en estado de alerta = put on + standby, put on + alert, place + Nombre + on standby.* que conserva su estado natural = unspoilt [unspoiled, -USA].* quedarse en estado = become + pregnant, be up the spout.* sin información sobre el estado anterior = stateless.* volver Algo a su estado anterior = put + Nombre + back on track.* * *A1 (situación, condición) stateel debate sobre el estado de la nación the debate on the state of the nationla casa está en buen estado the house is in good conditionlas carreteras están en muy mal estado the roads are in very poor condition o in a very bad statela carne estaba en mal estado the meat was bad o ( BrE) offen avanzado estado de descomposición ( frml); in an advanced state of decompositionen estado de embriaguez ( frml); under the influence of alcohol2 ( Med) conditionsu estado general es satisfactorio ( frml); his general condition is satisfactoryen avanzado estado de gestación ( frml); in an advanced state of pregnancy ( frml), seven ( o eight etc) months pregnantno debería fumar en su estado she shouldn't smoke in her conditionquedarse en estado ( euf); to get pregnantCompuestos:marital statusstate of alertstate of mindcomaestaba en estado de coma she was in a comabank statement, statement of account● estado de emergencia or excepciónstate of emergencystate of gracestate of warweather conditionsstate of maximum alertstate of maximum securitystate of siegefinancial statementsolid stateB1 (nación) statela seguridad del Estado national o state security2 (gobierno) stateun asunto de estado a state matterel Estado the State3 ( Hist) (estamento) estateel primer/segundo/tercer estado the first/second/third estateCompuestos:welfare statecity-statewelfare stateel estado llano the commonalty, the commons (pl)( Mil) general staffpolice statesovereign statebuffer state( Pol); rogue state* * *
Del verbo estar: ( conjugate estar)
estado es:
el participio
Multiple Entries:
estado
estar
estado sustantivo masculino
1
estado de cuenta bank statement;
estado de emergencia or excepción state of emergency;
la casa está en buen estado the house is in good conditionb) (Med) condition;◊ estar en estado (euf) to be expecting (colloq);
quedarse en estado (euf) to get pregnantc)
2 (nación, gobierno) state;◊ la seguridad del Eestado national o state security;
estado de bienestar welfare state
estar 1 ( conjugate estar) cópula
1a) ( seguido de adjetivos)◊ Estar denotes a changed condition or state as opposed to identity or nature, which is normally expressed by ser. Estar is also used when the emphasis is on the speaker's perception of things, of their appearance, taste, etc. The examples given below should be contrasted with those to be found in ser 1 cópula 1 to be;
estás más gordo you've put on weight;
estoy cansada I'm tired;
está muy simpático conmigo he's being o he's been so nice to me (recently);
¡todo está tan caro! things are o have become so expensive!b) ( con◊ bien, mal, mejor, peor): están todos bien, gracias they're all fine, thanks;
¡qué bien estás en esta foto! you look great in this photo!;
está mal que no se lo perdones it's wrong of you not to forgive him;
ver tb bien, mal, mejor, peor
2 ( hablando de estado civil) to be;
3 ( seguido de participios)
estaban abrazados they had their arms around each other;
ver tb v aux 2
4 ( seguido de preposición) to be;
(para más ejemplos ver tb la preposición o el nombre correspondiente);
¿a cómo está la uva? how much are the grapes?;
está con el sarampión she has (the) measles;
estoy de cocinera I'm doing the cooking;
estamos sin electricidad the electricity is off at the moment;
está sin pintar it hasn't been painted yet
verbo intransitivo
1 ( en un lugar) to be;◊ ¿dónde está Chiapas? where's Chiapas?;
está a 20 kilómetros de aquí it's 20 kilometers from here;
¿sabes dónde está Pedro? do you know where Pedro is?;
¿está Rodrigo? is Rodrigo in?;
solo estadoé unos días I'll only be staying a few days;
¿cuánto tiempo estadoás en Londres? how long are you going to be in London (for)?
2 ( en el tiempo):◊ ¿a qué (día) estamos? what day is it today?;
¿a cuánto estamos hoy? what's the date today?;
estamos a 28 de mayo it's May 28th (AmE) o (BrE) the 28th of May;
estamos en primavera it's spring
3a) (tener como función, cometido):
estamos para ayudarlos we're here to help them
4 (estar listo, terminado):
lo atas con un nudo y ya está you tie a knot in it and that's it o there you are;
enseguida estoy I'll be right with you
5 (Esp) ( quedar) (+ me/te/le etc) (+ compl):
la 46 te está mejor the 46 fits you better
estado v aux
1 ( con gerundio):
estoy viendo que va a ser imposible I'm beginning to see that it's going to be impossible
2 ( con participio):
ya está hecho un hombrecito he's a proper young man now;
ver tb estar cópula 3
estarse verbo pronominal ( enf) ( permanecer) to stay;◊ ¿no te puedes estado quieto? can't you stay o keep still?;
estese tranquilo don't worry
estar 2 sustantivo masculino (esp AmL) living room
estado sustantivo masculino
1 Pol state
estado de bienestar, welfare state
2 (circunstancia, situación) state, condition: este abrigo está en un estado lamentable, this coat is in a terrible state
no puedes conducir en ese estado, you can't drive in that condition
estado de ánimo/ excepción/guerra/sitio, state of mind/emergency/ war/siege
estado civil, marital status
Mil Estado Mayor, staff
♦ Locuciones: estar en estado (de buena esperanza), to be expecting
abogado del Estado, legal representative of the State
razón de Estado, reason of State
estar verbo intransitivo
1 (existir, hallarse) to be: está al norte, it is to the north
¿estarás en casa?, will you be at home?
no está en ningún lado, it isn't anywhere
estamos aquí para servirle, we are at your service
su pedido aún no está, your order isn't ready yet
2 (permanecer) to stay: estos días estoy en casa de mis padres, these days I'm staying at my parents' place
estoy en la oficina de ocho a dos, I'm at the office from eight to two
quiero que estés aquí un minuto, ahora vuelvo, stay here, I'll be right back
3 (tener una situación actual determinada: con adjetivo o participio) estaba blanco como la cera, he had turned as white as a sheet
está dormido, he's asleep
está teñida de rubio, her hair's dyed blonde
(con gerundio) está estudiando, he is studying
estaba preparando la comida, I was cooking
(con adverbio) estoy tan lejos, I'm so far away
está muy mal, (enfermo) he is very ill
4 (quedar, sentar) el jersey me está pequeño, the sweater is too small for me
5 (para indicar precio, grados, fecha) (+ a: fecha) to be: ¿a qué día estamos?, what's the date?
estamos a 1 de Julio, it is the first of July
(: precio) to be at: ¿a cómo/cuánto están las manzanas?, how much are the apples?
están a setenta pesetas el kilo, they're seventy pesetas a kilo
(: grados) en Madrid estamos a cuarenta grados, it's forty degrees in Madrid
♦ Locuciones: ¿estamos?, agreed?
estar a disposición de, to be at the disposal of
estar a la que salta, to be ready to take advantage of an opportunity
estar a las duras y a las maduras, to take the bad with the good
estar al caer, to be just round the corner
estar en baja, to be waning
estar en todo, to be on top of everything
estaría bueno, whatever next
ESTAR CON: (de acuerdo con) estoy con María, I agree with Mary
ESTAR DE: estoy de broma, I'm joking
está de camarero, he's working as a waiter
estaba de Dios que las cosas sucedieran así, it was God's will that things turned out this way, está de vacaciones, he's on holiday
me voy a marchar porque está claro que aquí estoy de más, I'm going to go because it's obvious that I'm in the way
ESTAR ENCIMA: su madre siempre está encima de él, his mother is always on top of him
ESTAR PARA: no estamos para bromas, we are in no mood for jokes
esa ropa está para planchar, these clothes are ready to be ironed
cuando estaba para salir, me llamaron, when I was just about to leave, they called me
ESTAR POR: la casa está por construir, the house has still to be built
estuve por decirle lo que pensaba, I was tempted to tell him what I thought
estoy por la igualdad de derechos, I'm for equal rights
ESTAR QUE: está que no puede con su alma, he is exhausted
familiar está que trina, he's hopping mad
ESTAR TRAS: está tras el ascenso, he is after promotion
estoy tras una blusa blanca, I'm looking for a white blouse
El uso del verbo to stay como traducción de estar en un lugar es incorrecto, a menos que quieras expresar lo contrario de irse o marcharse (no me voy a la playa, estaré en casa todo el verano, I'm not going to the beach, I'm staying at home all summer) o te refieras a alojarse: Estoy en el Palace. I'm staying at the Palace.
' estado' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abogada
- abogado
- aconfesional
- amiguete
- animada
- animado
- anímica
- anímico
- ánimo
- aparato
- atonía
- bajón
- barra
- bienestar
- BOE
- boletín
- bonanza
- bono
- bregar
- con
- condición
- coño
- dejar
- deplorable
- desocupación
- deterioro
- día
- dormitar
- estribar
- fiscal
- fragmentaria
- fragmentario
- ir
- golpe
- gravedad
- hombre
- jefa
- jefatura
- jefe
- lamentable
- licitar
- mentar
- mira
- notar
- penosa
- penoso
- permanecer
- permanencia
- primitiva
- primitivo
English:
abject
- absent
- act up
- agitation
- almost
- Attorney General
- bad
- bad-tempered
- be
- blissful
- budget
- canvass
- chancellor
- check up on
- club
- combine
- comfortable
- condition
- conscious
- consciousness
- coup
- crown
- decaying
- deliberate
- delusion
- denunciation
- disease
- disheveled
- dishevelled
- disrepair
- doldrums
- ever
- evident
- fall
- fitness
- fixture
- frame of mind
- gilt-edged
- he's
- head
- herself
- himself
- incompleteness
- intermittent
- intoxicated
- limbo
- maintain
- marital status
- marriage
- mind
* * *estado nm1. [situación, condición] state;su estado es grave his condition is serious;me lo encontré en un estado penoso I found him in a pitiful state;el estado de su cuenta arroja un saldo positivo your account is in credit;estar en buen/mal estado [vehículo, terreno, edificio] to be in good/bad condition;[alimento, bebida] to be fresh/Br off o US spoiled;la moqueta se halla en muy mal estado the carpet is in very bad condition;en estado de alerta on (the) alert;en estado de guerra at war;estar en estado (de buena esperanza) to be expecting, to be in the family way;quedarse en estado to become pregnant;estar en estado de merecer to be marriageableestado de ánimo state of mind, mood;estado de bienestar welfare state;estado civil marital status;estado de coma: [m5] en estado de coma in a coma;estado de cuentas statement of accounts;estado de emergencia state of emergency;estado de equilibrio state of equilibrium;estado estacionario [de enfermo] stable condition;estado de excepción state of emergency;estado de gracia [de santo] state of grace;estar en estado de gracia [deportista] to be on excellent form;estado de reposo: [m5] en estado de reposo at rest;estado de salud (state of) health;estado de sitio state of siege;estado vegetativo vegetative state;estado vegetativo permanente persistent vegetative state2. Fís state;un cuerpo en estado sólido/líquido/gaseoso a body in a solid/liquid/gaseous stateestado cristalino crystalline state3. [gobierno] state;temas de estado affairs of state;un hombre de estado a statesman;el Estado [el gobierno, la administración] the State;asuntos que atañen a la seguridad del Estado matters relating to state security;el Estado de las Autonomías = the organization of the Spanish state into autonomous regions with varying degrees of devolved power4. [país, división territorial] state;un estado independiente an independent state;un estado de derecho a state which is subject to the rule of lawestado policial police state;Estados Unidos (de América) United States (of America);Estados Unidos Mexicanos United Mexican StatesHist los Estados Generales the Estates General;el estado llano the third estate, the common people* * *m1 state2 MED condition;en buen/mal estado in good/bad condition3:el Estado the State* * *estado nm1) : state2) : statusestado civil: marital status3) condición: condition* * *estado n1. (en general) state2. (condición) condition -
100 पर _para
पर a. [पॄ-भावे-अप्, कर्तरि अच्-वा] (Declined optional- ly like a pronoun in nom. voc. pl., and abl. and loc. sing. when it denotes relative position)1 Other, differ- ent, another; see पर m also.-2 Distant, removed, remote; अपरं भवतो जन्म परं जन्म विवस्वतः Bg.4.4.-3 Beyond, further, on the other side of; म्लेच्छदेशस्ततः परः Ms.2.23;7.158.-4 Subsequent, following, next to, future, after (usually with abl.); बाल्यात् परामिव दशां मदनो$ध्युवास R.5.63; Ku.1.31.-5 Higher, superior; सिकतात्वादपि परां प्रपेदे परमाणुताम् R.15.22; इन्द्रियाणि पराण्याहु- रिन्द्रियेभ्यः परं मनः । मनसस्तु परा बुद्धिर्यो बुद्धेः परतस्तु सः ॥ Bg.3.42.-9 Highest, greatest, most distinguished, pre-eminent, chief, best, principal; क्षत्रात् परं नास्ति Bṛi. Up.1.4.11. न त्वया द्रष्टव्यानां परं दृष्टम् Ś.2; Ki.5.18; परतो$पि परः Ku.2.14 'higher than the highest'; 6.19; Ś7.27.-7 Having as a following letter or sound, followed by (in comp.).-8 Alien, estranged, stranger.-9 Hostile, inimical, adverse,-1 Exceeding, having a surplus or remainder, left over; as in परं शतम् 'exceeding or more than a hundred.-11 Final, last.-12 (At the end of comp.) Having anything as the highest ob- ject, absorbed or engrossed in, intent on, solely devoted to, wholly engaged or occupied in; परिचर्यापरः R.1.91; so ध्यानपर, शोकपर, दैवपर, चिन्तापर &c.-रः 1 Another person, a stranger, foreigner; oft. in pl. in this sense; यतः परेषां गुणग्रहीतासि Bv.1.9; Śi.2.74; see एक, अन्य also.-2 A foe, an enemy, adversary; उत्तिष्ठमानस्तु परो नोपेक्ष्यः पथ्यभिच्छता Śi.2.1; Pt.2.158; R.3.21.-3 The Almighty; तावदध्यासते लोकं परस्य परचिन्तकाः Bhāg.3.32.8.-रम् 1 The highest point or pitch, culminating point.-2 The Supreme Sprit; तेषामादित्यवज्ज्ञानं प्रकाशयति तत् परम् Bg.5.16.-3 Final beatitude; असक्तो ह्याचरन् कर्म परमाप्नोति पूरुषः Bg.3.19.-4 The secondary meaning of a word.-5 (In logic) One of the two kinds of सामान्य or generality of notion; more extensive kind, (comprehending more objects); e. g. पृथ्वी is पर with respect to a घट).-6 The other or future world; परासक्ते च वस्तस्मिन् कथमासीन्मनस्तदा Mb.6.14.55. Note-- The acc., instr. and loc. singulars of पर are used adverbi- ally; e. g. (a) परम्1 beyond, over, out of (with abl.); वर्त्मनः परम् R.1.17.-2 after (with abl.); अस्मात् परम् Ś.6.24; R.1.66;3.39; Me.12; भाग्यायत्त- मतः परम् Ś.4.17; ततः परम् &c.-3 thereupon, there- after.-4 but, however.-5 otherwise.-6 in a high degree, excessively, very much, completely, quite; परं दुःखितो$स्मि &c.-7 most willingly.-8 only.-9 at the utmost. (b) परेण1 farther, beyond, more than; किं वा मृत्योः परेण विधास्यति Māl.2.2.-2 afterwards; मयि तु कृतनिधाने किं विदध्याः परेण Mv.2.49.-3 after (with abl.) स्तन्यत्यागात् परेण U.2.7. (c) परे1 afterwards, thereupon; अथ तेन दशाहतः परे R.8.73.-2 in future.-Comp. -अङ्गम् the hinder part of the body.-अङ्गदः an epithet of Śiva.-अणुः See परमाणु; Bhāg.1.14.11.-अदनः a horse found in the country of Persia or Arabia.-अधिकारचर्चा officiousness, meddlesomeness.-अधीन a. dependent on another, subject, subservient; अन्नमेषां पराधीनं देयं स्याद्भिन्नभाजने Ms.1.54,83; H.1.119.-अन्तः final death. (-ताः) m. (pl.) N. of a people.-अन्तकः an epithet of Śiva.-2 a frontier.-अन्तकालः the time of death; ते ब्रह्मलोकेषु परान्तकाले परामृताः परिमुच्यन्ति सर्वे Muṇḍ.3.2.6.-अन्न a. living or subsisting on another's food. (-न्नम्) the food of another; परगृहललिताः परान्नपुष्टाः Mk.4.28. ˚परिपुष्टता being fed with the food of others; Y.3.241. ˚भोजिन् a. subsisting on the food of others; रोगी चिरप्रवासी परान्नभोजी परावसथशायी । यज्जीवति तन्मरणं यन्मरणं सो$स्य विश्रामः ॥ H.1.12.- अपर a.1 far and near, remote and proximate.-2 prior and posterior.-3 before and beyond, earlier and later.-4 higher and lower, best and worst. (-रः) a Guru of an intermediate class. (-रम्) (in logic) a property intermediate between the greatest and smallest numbers, a species (as existing between the genus and individual); e. g. पृथ्वी which is पर with 1respect to a घट is अपर with respect to द्रव्य; द्रव्यत्वादिक- जातिस्तु परापरतयोच्यते Bhāṣā. P.8.-अभिध्यानम् self-conceit; high opinion for self or body (देहाभिमान); स्वयं पराभिध्यानेन विभ्रंशितस्मृतिः Bhāg.5.14.1.-अमृतम् rain.- अयण (अयन) a.1 attached or devoted to, adhering to.-2 depending on, subject to.-3 intent on, solely devoted to or absorbed in (at the end of comp.); प्रभुर्धनपरायणः Bh.2.56; so मोह˚; अथ मोहपरायणा सती विवशा कामवधूर्विबोधिता Ku.4.1; अग्निहोत्र˚ &c.-4 connected with.-5 being a protector (त्राता); अबर्हाश्चरणैर्हीनाः पूर्वेषां वः परायणाः Mb.1.23.4.-6 leading or conducive to.-(णम्) 1 the principal or highest objest, chief aim, best or last resort; एतत् परायणम् Praśna Up.1.1; तपसश्च परायणम् Rām.1.21.1; Mb.12.179.12.-2 essence, sum.-3 Ved. going away, departure, exit.-4 firm devotion.-5 a universal medicine, panacea.-6 a religious order.-अर्थ a.1 having another aim or meaning.-2 intended or designed for another, done for another.(-र्थः) 1 the highest interest or advan- tage.-2 the interest of another (opp. स्वार्थ); स्वार्थो यस्य परार्थ एव स पुमानेकः सतामग्रणीः Subhāṣ.; R.1.29.-3 the chief or highest meaning.-4 the highest object (i.e. sexual intercourse).-5 the supreme good (मोक्ष); ज्ञात्वा प्रजहि कालेन परार्थमनुदृश्य च Mb.12.288.9.-6 Something else. Hence परार्थता or परार्थत्व means 'being subsidiary to something else; परार्थता हि गुणभावः ŚB. on MS.4.3.-7 an object which is meant for another's use (Sāṅ. Phil.); सङ्घातपरार्थत्वात् त्रिगुणादिविपर्ययादधिष्ठानात् Sāṅ. K.17. ˚वादिन् a. speaking for another; mediator, substitute.-अर्थिन् a. striving for the supreme good. (-र्थम् -र्थे) ind. for the sake of another.-अर्धम् 1 the other part (opp. पूर्वार्ध); the latter half; दिनस्य पूर्वार्धपरार्धभिन्ना छायेव मैत्री खलसज्जनानाम् Bh.2.6.-2 a particular high number; i. e. 1,,,,,; एकत्वादिपरार्धपर्यन्ता संख्या T. S.-अर्धक a. One half of anything.-अर्ध्य a.1 being on the farther side or half.-2 most distant in number; हेमन्तो वसन्तात् परार्ध्यः Śat. Br.-3 most excellent, best, most exalted, highly esteemed, highest, supreme; R.3.27;8.27;1.64;16;39; आबद्धप्रचुरपरार्ध्यकिंकिणीकः Śi.8.45.-4 most costly; Śi.4.11; श्रियं परार्ध्यां विदधद् विधातृभिः Bu. Ch.1.1.-5 most beautiful or lovely, finest; R.6.4; परस्परस्पर्धिपरार्ध्यरूपाः पौरस्त्रियो यत्र विधाय वेधाः Śi.3.58.-6 Divine: असावाटीत् सङ्ख्ये परार्ध्यवत् Bk.9.64.(-र्ध्यम्) 1 a maximum.-2 an infinite number.- अवर a.1 far and near; परावराणां स्रष्टारं पुराणं परमव्ययम् Mb.1.1.23.-2 earlier and later.-3 prior and posterior or subsequent.-4 higher and lower.-5 traditional; पुनाति पङ्क्तिं वंश्यांश्च सप्त सप्त परावरान् Ms.1. 15.-6 all-including; परावरज्ञो$सि परावरस्त्वम् Mb.3.232. 18. (-रा) descendants.(-रम्) 1 cause and effect.-2 the whole extent of an idea.-3 the universe.-4 totality. ˚ज्ञ, ˚दृश् a. knowing both the past and the future; परावरज्ञो ब्रह्मर्षिः Mb.1.6.5.-अवसथ- शायिन् a. sleeping in another's house; H.1.12.-अहः the next day.-अह्णः the afternoon, the latter part of the day.-आगमः attack of an enemy.-आचित a. fostered or brought up by another. (-तः) a slave.-आत्मन् m. the Supreme Spirit.-आयत्त a.1 depend- ent on another, subject, subservient; परायत्तः प्रीतेः कथमिव रसं वेत्तु पुरुषः Mu.3.4.-2 Wholly subdued or over- whelmed by.-आयुस् m. an epithet of Brahman; नाहं परायुर्ऋषयो न मरीचिमुख्या जानन्ति यद्विरचितं खलु सत्त्वसर्गाः Bhāg.8.1.12.-आविद्धः 1 an epithet of Kubera.-2 of Viṣṇu.-आश्रय a. dependent upon another.(-यः) 1 dependence upon another.-2 the retreat of enemies. (-या) a plant growing on another tree.-आसङ्गः dependence upon another.-आस्कन्दिन् m. a thief, robber.- इतर a.1 other than inimical; i. e. friendly, kind.-2 one's own; विधाय रक्षान् परितः परेतरान् Ki.1.14.-ईशः 1 an epithet of Brahman.-2 of Viṣṇu.-इष्टिः N. of Brahman.-इष्टुका a cow which has often calved.-उत्कर्षः another's prosperity.-उद्वहः the Indian cuckoo.-उपकारः doing good to others, benevolence, beneficence, charity; परोपकारः पुण्याय पापाय परपीडनम्.-उपकारिन् a. benevolent, kind to others.-उपजापः causing dissension among enemies; परोपजापात् संरक्षेत् प्रधानान् क्षुद्रकान् अपि Kau. A.1.13.-उपदेशः advising others; परोपदेशे पाण्डित्यम्.-उपरुद्ध a. besieged by an enemy.-उपसर्पणम् approaching another; begging.-ऊढा another's wife.-एधित a. fostered or brought up by another.(-तः) 1 a servant.-2 the (Indian) cuckoo.-कर्मन् n. service for another. ˚निरतः a servant.-कलत्रम् another's wife. ˚अभिगमनम् adultery; वरं क्लैब्यं पुसां न च परकलत्राभिगमनम् H.1.116.-कायप्रवेशनम् entering another's body (a supernatural art).-कारः The deeds of the enemy; राज्ञः समीपे परकारमाह प्रज्ञापनैषा विबि- धोपदिष्टा Kau. A.2.1.-कार्यम् another's business or work. ˚निरतः1 a benevolent man.-2 a slave, servant.-काल a. relating to a later time, mentioned later.-कृतिः an example or precedent, a passage descriptive of the doings of men; MS.6.7.26.-क्रमः doubling the second letter of a conjunction of consonants.-क्रान्तिः f. inclination of the ecliptic.-क्षेत्रम् 1 another's body.-2 another's field; ये$क्षेत्रिणो बीजवन्तः परक्षेत्रप्रवापिणः । ते वै सस्यस्य जातस्य न लभन्ते फलं क्वचित् ॥ Ms.9.49.-3 another's wife; तौ तु जातौ परक्षेत्रे Ms.3.175.-गामिन् a.1 being with another.-2 relating to another.-3 beneficial to another.-गुण a. beneficial to another. (-णः) the virtue of another; परगुणपरमाणून् पर्वतीकृत्य नित्यम् Bh.2.78.-ग्रन्थिः joint (as of a finger); an articu- lation.-ग्लानिः f. subjugation of an enemy; आत्मोदयः परग्लानिर्द्वयं नीतिरितीयती Śi.2.3.-चक्रम् 1 the army of an enemy.-2 invasion by an enemy, one of the six itis q. v.-3 a hostile prince.-छन्द a. dependent.(-दः) 1 the will of another.-2 dependence. ˚अनुवर्तनम् following the will of another.-छिद्रम् a weak or vulnerable point of another, a defect in another.-ज a.1 stranger.-2 coming from a foe.-3 inferior.-जनः a stranger (opp. स्वजन); शक्तः परजने दाता Ms.11.9.-जन्मन् n. a future birth.-जात a.1 born of another.-2 dependent on another for livelihood. (-तः) a servant.-जित a.1 conquered by another.-2 main- tained by another. (-तः) the (Indian) cuckoo.-तन्त्र a. dependent on another, dependent, subservient.-तन्त्रम् (a common group of) subsidiaries belonging to another; जैमिनेः परतन्त्रापत्तेः स्वतन्त्रप्रतिषेधः स्यात् MS.12.1.8. (see तन्त्रम्).-तर्ककः a suppliant, beggar; Dānasāgara, Bib- liotheca Indica, 274, Fascicule 1, p.15; also परतर्कुक.-तल्पगामिन् m. One who approaches another man's wife.-तार्थिकः The adherent of another sect.-दाराः m. (pl.) another's wife; ˚अभिगमनम्, ˚अभिमर्षः Adultery.-दारिन् m. an adulterer.-दुःखम् the sorrow or grief of another; विरलः परदुःखदुःखितो जनः; महदपि परदुःखं शीतलं सम्यगाहुः V.4.13.-देवता the Supreme Being.-देशः a hostile or foreign country.-देशिन् m. a foreigner.-द्रोहिन्, -द्वेषिन् a. hating others, hostile, inimical.-धनम् another's property.-धर्मः 1 the religion of another; स्वधर्मे निधनं श्रेयः परधर्मो भयावहः Bg.3.35.-2 another's duty or business.-3 the duties of another caste; परधर्मेण जीवन् हि सद्यः पतति जातितः Ms.1.97.-ध्यानम् absolute meditation or contemplation; ध्येये मनो निश्चलतां याति ध्येयं विचिन्तयत् । यत् तद् ध्यानं परं प्रोक्तं मुनिभिर्ध्यानचिन्तकैः ॥ Garuḍa P.-निपातः the irregular posteriority of a word in a compound; i. e. भूतपूर्वः where the sense is पूर्वं भूतः; so राजदन्तः, अग्न्याहितः &c.-निर्वाणम् the highest निर्वाण; (Buddh.).-पक्षः the side or party of an enemy.-पदम् 1 the highest position, eminence.-2 final beati- tude.-परिग्रह a. see पराधीन; स्ववीर्यविजये युक्ता नैते पर- परिग्रहाः Mb.7.144.22.-हः another's property (as wife &c); यथा बीजं न वप्तव्यं पुंसा परपरिग्रहे Ms.9.42-3.-परिभवः humiliation or injury suffered from others.-पाकनिवृत्त a. One who does not depend on others for his sustenance and performs the पञ्चयज्ञs faultlessly and takes food in his own house.-पाकरत a. one who depends upon others for his sustenance but performs the usual ceremonies before cooking; पञ्चयज्ञान् स्वयं कृत्वा परान्नमुपजीवति । सततं प्रातरुत्थाय परपाकरतस्तु सः ॥-पाकरुचिः having a liking for others' food; परपाकरुचिर्न स्यादनिन्द्या- मन्त्रणादृते Y.1.112.-पिण्डः another's food, food given by another. ˚अद् a., ˚भक्षक a. one who eats another's food or one who feeds at the cost of another; यादृशो$हं परपिण्डभक्षको भूतः Mk.8.25/26; (-m.) a servant. ˚रत a. feeding upon another's food; परपिण्डरता मनुष्याः Bh.-पुरञ्जयः a conqueror, hero.-पुरुषः 1 another man, a stranger.-2 the Supreme Spirit, Viṣṇu.-3 the hus- band of another woman.-पुष्ट a.1 fed or nourished by another.-2 Stranger. (-ष्टः) the (Indian) cuckoo. ˚महोत्सवः the mango tree.-पुष्टा 1 the (Indian) cuckoo.-2 a parasitical plant.-3 a harlot, prostitute.-पूर्वा a woman who has or had a former husband; Ms.3.166; पतिं हित्वा$पकृष्टं स्वमुत्कृष्टं या निषेवते । निन्द्यैव सा भवेल्लोके परपूर्वेति चोच्यते Ms.5.163.-प्रतिनप्तृ m. son of the great grand son.-प्रपौत्रः (see प्रतिनप्तृ).-प्रेष्यः a servant, menial, slave.-ब्रह्मन् n. the Supreme Spirit; cf. लीने परे ब्रह्मणि Bh. परे ब्रह्मणि को$पि न लग्नः Śaṅkara (चर्पटपञ्जरिका 7).-भागः 1 another's share.-2 superior merit.-3 good fortune, prosperity.-4 (a) excellence, superority, supremacy; दुरधिगमः परभागो यावत् पुरुषेण पौरुषं न कृतम् Pt.1.33;5.34. (b) excess, abundance, height; स्थलकमलगञ्जनं मम हृदय- रञ्जनम् जनितरतिरङ्गपरभागम् Gīt.1; आभाति लब्धपरभागतया- धरोष्ठे R.5.7; Ku.7.17; Ki.5.3;8.42; Śi.7.33; 8.51;1.86;12.15.-5 the last part, remainder.-भाव a. loving another.-भावः the being second member in a compound.-भाषा a foreign tongue.-भुक्त a. enjoyed or used by another; परभुक्तां च कान्तां च यो भुङ्क्ते स नराधमः । स पच्यते कालसूत्रे यावच्चन्द्रदिवाकरौ ॥ Brav. P.-भूत a. following, subsequent (as words).-भृत् m. a crow (said to nourish the cuckoo).-भृत a. nourished by another.-भृतः, -ता the (Indian) cuckoo; (so called because she is nouri- shed by another i. e. by a crow); प्रागन्तरिक्षगमनात्- स्वमपत्यजातमन्यैर्द्विजैः परभृताः खलु पोषयन्ति Ś.5.22; Ku.6.2; R.9.43; Ś.4.1.-भतम् 1 another's opinion.-2 dif- ferent opinion or doctrine; heterodoxy.-मर्मज्ञ a. knowing the secrets of another.-मृत्युः a crow.-रमणः a married woman's gallant or paramour; स्वाधीने पररमणे धन्यास्तारुण्यफलभाजः Pt.1.18.-लोकः the next (or fur- ture) world; परलोकनवप्रवासिनः प्रतिपत्स्ये पदवीमहं तव Ku. 4.1. ˚गमः, ˚यानम् death. ˚विधि funeral rites; परलोक- विधौ च माधव स्मरमुद्दिश्य (निबपेः सहकारमञ्जरीः) Ku.4.38.-वश, -वश्य a. subject to another, dependent, depen- dent on others; सर्वं परवशं दुःखं सर्वमात्मवशं सुखम्.-वाच्यम् a fault or a defect of another; प्रकटान्यपि नैपुणं महत् परवाच्यानि चिराय गोपितुम् Śi.16.3.-वाणिः 1 a judge.-2 a year.-3 N. of the peacock of Kārtikeya.-वादः 1 rumour, report.-2 Objection, controversy.-वादिन् m. a disputant, controversialist.-वेश्मन् n. the abode of the Supreme Being.-व्रतः an epithet of Dhṛitarāṣṭra.-शब्दः a word expressive of something else; परशब्दस्य परत्र वृत्तौ तद्वद् भावो गम्यते ŚB. on MS.7.2.1.-श्वस् ind. the day after tomorrow.-संगत a.1 asso- ciated with another.-2 fighting with another.-संज्ञकः the soul.-सवर्ण a. homogeneous with a following letter (in gram.).-सात् ind. into the hands of an- other. ˚कृता a woman given in marriage.-सेवा service of another.-स्त्री another's wife.-स्वम् another's pro- perty; व्यावृता यत् परस्वेभ्यः श्रुतौ तस्करता स्थिता R.1.27; Ms.7.123. ˚हरणम् seizing another's property.-हन् a. killing enemies.-हित a.1 benevolent.-2 profitable to another.-तम् the welfare of another; सन्तः स्वयं परहिताभिहिताभियोगाः Bh.
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