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from+the+(very)+beginning

  • 1 from the very start, or from the beginning

    Jargon: gitgo (Hаприм.: 'I never believed that boy's BS story from the gitgo.')

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > from the very start, or from the beginning

  • 2 from the word go

    from the very beginning.
    من البِدايَه

    Arabic-English dictionary > from the word go

  • 3 start from scratch

    to start (an activity etc) from nothing, from the very beginning, or without preparation:

    He now has a very successful business but he started from scratch.

    يَبْدأ من نُقْطَة الصِّفْر

    Arabic-English dictionary > start from scratch

  • 4 aivan alusta

    • from the very beginning

    Suomi-Englanti sanakirja > aivan alusta

  • 5 с самого начала

    Новый русско-английский словарь > с самого начала

  • 6 en baştan

    from the very beginning

    İngilizce Sözlük Türkçe > en baştan

  • 7 de la bun început

    from the first
    from the (very) beginning / outset
    (right) from the start
    to begin with
    amer. from the word go.

    Română-Engleză dicționar expresii > de la bun început

  • 8 С самого начала

    From the (very) outset
    From the very beginning

    Русско-английский словарь по прикладной математике и механике > С самого начала

  • 9 открај

    from the (very) beginning, from the end of, from end to end

    Македонско-англиски речник > открај

  • 10 с первых шагов

    from it's first/earliest steps/stages, from the very beginning, from the outse

    Русско-английский словарь по общей лексике > с первых шагов

  • 11 alunperin

    • from the first
    • from the very beginning

    Suomi-Englanti sanakirja > alunperin

  • 12 он с самого начала загорелся этим делом

    Американизмы. Русско-английский словарь. > он с самого начала загорелся этим делом

  • 13 начало

    1. beginning, commencement, start, inception; outset, offset, onset, lead-off; opening
    (на страница, списък) top
    в началото in the beginning
    в началото на срока at the beginning of the term
    в началото на март in the beginning of March, early in March
    в начало то на годината in the beginning of the year, at the turn of the year
    (още) от самото начало from the very beginning, right from the beginning/start, from the very first, from the word go
    в самото начало at the very outset
    от началото до края from beginning to end, from start to finish
    слагам начало на make a start with lay the beginnings of, initiate, inaugurate
    добро начало a promising beginning
    това е добро начало that's a good start/beginning
    доброто начало е гаранция за успеха well begun is half done; a good lather's half a shave
    начало на преговори beginning of negotiations, overtures
    начало на военни действия an outbreak of hostilities
    това е начало то на края that's the beginning of the end, the end has begun
    като начало for a start
    всяко начало е трудно every beginning is hard
    2. (принцип) rule, principle
    по начало as a rule; on/in principle
    ам. by and large
    на... начала on the basis of...
    на тези начала on these/such lines/principles
    на социалистически начала on socialist principles, along socialist lines, on a socialist basis
    на равни начала on an equal footing; share and share alike
    ръководно начало a basic/guiding principle
    3. (източник) origin; source; origination
    давам начало на originate
    водя началото си от originate in; proceed/derive from
    (за река) rise, take its source, spring (from)
    * * *
    нача̀ло,
    ср., -а̀ 1. beginning, commencement, start, inception; genesis; outset, offset, onset, lead-off; opening; разг. kick-off; (на страница, списък) top; в \началоото in the beginning; в \началоото на годината in the beginning of the year, at the turn of the year; в \началоото на март in the beginning of March, early in March; в \началоото на срока at the beginning of the term; добро \началоо a promising beginning; доброто \началоо е гаранция за успеха well begun is half done; a good lather’s half a shave; като \началоо for a start, разг. right off the bat; \началоо на военни действия an outbreak of hostilities; \началоо на преговори beginning of negotiations, overtures; от \началоото до края from beginning to end, from start to finish; from first to last; (още) от самото \началоо from the very beginning, right from the beginning/start, from the very first, from the word go; слагам \началоо на make a start with, lay the beginnings of, initiate, inaugurate; commence; това е \началоото на края the end has begun; участвам от самото \началоо разг. get in on the ground floor;
    2. ( принцип) rule, principle; доброто \началоо good; злото \началоо evil; на доброволни \началоа voluntarily; на равни \началоа on an equal footing; share and share alike; на тези \началоа on these/such lines/principles; на частни \началоа privately; основно \началоо rudiments; по \началоо as a rule; on/in principle; амер. by and large; ръководно \началоо a basic/guiding principle;
    3. ( източник) origin; source; origination; водя \началоото си от originate in; proceed/derive from; (за река) rise, take its source, spring (from); давам \началоо на originate.
    * * *
    mother (прен.); ABC; beginning: at the начало of the term - в началото на срока; commencement; genesis{`djenizis}; inception; inchoation; initiation; offset{`O;fset}; onset; opening; proem{`prxOqm}; rise{raiz}; rudiment; start{sta;t}
    * * *
    1. (за река) rise, take its source, spring (from) 2. (източник) origin;source;origination 3. (на страница, списък) top 4. (още) от самото НАЧАЛО from the very beginning, right from the beginning/start, from the very first, from the word go 5. (принцип) rule, principle 6. beginning, commencement, start, inception;outset, offset, onset, lead-off;opening 7. НАЧАЛО на военни действия an outbreak of hostilities 8. НАЧАЛО на преговори beginning of negotiations, overtures 9. ам. by and large 10. в НАЧАЛО то на годината in the beginning of the year, at the turn of the year 11. в НАЧАЛОто in the beginning 12. в НАЧАЛОто на март in the beginning of March, early in March 13. в НАЧАЛОто на срока at the beginning of the term 14. в самото НАЧАЛО at the very outset 15. водя НАЧАЛОто си от originate in;proceed/derive from 16. всяко НАЧАЛО е трудно every beginning is hard 17. давам НАЧАЛО на originate 18. добро НАЧАЛО a promising beginning 19. доброто НАЧАЛО good 20. доброто НАЧАЛО е гаранция за успеха well begun is half done;a good lather's half a shave 21. злото НАЧАЛО evil 22. като НАЧАЛО for a start 23. на доброволни начала voluntarily 24. на равни начала on an equal footing;share and share alike 25. на социалистически начала on socialist principles, along socialist lines, on a socialist basis 26. на тези начала on these/such lines/principles 27. на частни начала privately 28. на... начала on the basis of... 29. основно НАЧАЛО rudiments 30. от НАЧАЛОто до края from beginning to end, from start to finish 31. по НАЧАЛО as a rule;on/in principle 32. ръководно НАЧАЛО a basic/guiding principle 33. слагам НАЧАЛО на make a start with lay the beginnings of, initiate, inaugurate 34. това е НАЧАЛО то на края that's the beginning of the end, the end has begun 35. това е добро НАЧАЛО that's a good start/beginning

    Български-английски речник > начало

  • 14 début

    début [deby]
    1. masculine noun
    il y a or il faut un début à tout there's a first time for everything
    2. plural masculine noun
    * * *
    deby
    1.
    nom masculin (de film, mois, discours) beginning; (de crise, négociations, d'épidémie) start

    au/en début de — at the beginning of

    pour un début, ce n'est pas mal — it's not bad for starters


    2.
    débuts nom masculin pluriel
    1) (de comédien, musicien) debut (sg)
    2) (de parti politique, média) early stages

    depuis ses débuts en 1962, le mouvement a évolué — since its inception in 1962, the movement has evolved

    * * *
    deby
    1. nm

    au début — in the beginning, at first

    au début de — at the beginning of, at the start of

    dès le début — from the beginning, from the start

    depuis le début — from the beginning, from the start

    en début de — at the beginning of, at the start of

    On doit se voir en début d'après-midi. — We're to see each other in the early afternoon.

    2. débuts nmpl
    beginnings, [carrière] debut sg

    faire ses débuts (dans sa carrière, comme sportif)to start out

    * * *
    A nm (de film, mois, discours) beginning; (de crise, négociations, d'épidémie) start; au tout or tout au début at the very beginning; au début at first, initially; au début de at the beginning of; début mars/1990 early in March/1990; dès le début from the outset ou the very beginning ou the start; depuis le début (de) since the beginning (of); je le savais depuis le début I knew all along; salaire de début starting salary; en début de soirée/semaine/carrière at the beginning of the evening/the week/one's career; du début (jusqu')à la fin from start to finish; ce n'est qu'un début this is only the beginning; il y a un début à tout you have to start somewhere; pour un début, ce n'est pas mal it's not bad for starters; un début de solution/d'explication/de démocratie the beginnings of a solution/of an explanation/of democracy; avoir un début de calvitie to have a bald patch.
    B débuts nmpl
    1 (de comédien, musicien) debut (sg); faire ses débuts dans le monde to make one's debut in society; faire des débuts éblouissants au théâtre to make a dazzling stage debut; à mes débuts when I started out;
    2 (de parti politique, média) early stages; (en être encore) à ses débuts [mouvement, projet] (to be still) in its early stages; depuis ses débuts en 1962, le mouvement a évolué since its inception in 1962, the movement has evolved.
    [deby] nom masculin
    1. [commencement] beginning, start
    2. [dans l'expression des dates]
    début mars at the beginning of ou in early March
    ————————
    débuts nom masculin pluriel
    [dans une carrière] start
    [dans le spectacle] debut
    mes débuts dans le journalisme my first steps ou early days as a journalist
    [en société] debut
    [première période] beginnings
    ————————
    au début locution adverbiale
    ————————
    au début de locution prépositionnelle
    au début du printemps/de l'année at the beginning of spring/of the year
    ————————
    au tout début locution adverbiale,
    tout au début locution adverbiale
    dès le début locution adverbiale
    from the outset ou very start ou very beginning
    du début à la fin locution adverbiale
    [d'un livre, d'une histoire] from beginning to end
    [d'une course, d'un événement] from start to finish

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > début

  • 15 сам

    1. (самотен) alone, by o.s.
    съвсем сам, сам-самичък/самин quite alone, all by o.s.
    живея сам live by o.s., live alone, ( самотен съм) live a solitary life
    оставам сам be left alone
    оставаме сами be left together
    обичам да съм си сам I like my own company
    ще (си) бъдеш сам you'll be on your own
    децата не бива да остават сам и children must not be left urattended/alone/on their own
    тя е сама жена she has no husband; she hasn't got anybody
    2. (без чужда помощ) by o.s.; single-handed, unassisted; on o.'s own
    for o.s. бръсна се/обличам се сам shave/dress o.s.
    готвя си сам do o.'s own cooking
    действувам/виждам/откривам сам act/see/discover for o.s.
    сам си печеля хляба make o.'s own living
    тя си уши тая блуза сама she made this blouse herself
    сам си оправям леглото make o.'s own bed
    решавам сам decide for o.'s/on o.'s own, make up o.'s own mind
    съдя сам judge for o.s.
    той научи английски сам he taught himself English
    сам съм си градинар/бояджия I am my own gardener/housepainter
    3. (не някой друг/нещо друго) oneself; very, actual
    самата истина the very/strict/real/naked/unvarnished truth, the truth itself
    самата същност the very essence
    в самото начало at the very beginning
    от самото начало from the very beginning, right from the start/outset, разг. from the word go
    до самия край to the very end, right through to the end
    не някой друг, а самият... no less a person than...
    самият негов глас his actual voice
    той си е сам господар he is his own master
    самата Корея (без съседните страни) Korea proper
    в самата книга in the body of the book; in the book itself
    със самото минаване на времето with the mere passage of time
    4. (олицетворение) itself; personified, incarnate
    самата глупост folly itself/personified
    сам ата посредственост/невинност mediocrity/innocence itself
    той е самият сатана he is the devil incarnate
    самза себе си on o.'s own account
    действувам сам за себе си act on o.'s own account
    сам за себе си е прав as far as he is concerned he is right
    сам по себе си taken alone; in o.s.; essentially
    само по себе си in itself, so far as it goes
    от само себе си of o.s.; of o.'s own accord; spontaneously
    разбира се от сам о себе си it goes without saying, it is self-evident
    * * *
    прил.
    1. ( самотен) alone, by o.s.; ( непридружен) unattended; децата не бива да остават \сами children must not be left unattended/alone/on their own; живея \сам live by o.s., live alone, ( самотен съм) live a solitary life; обичам да съм \сам I like my own company; оставам \сам be left alone; оставаме \сами be left together; съвсем \сам, \сам-самичък/самин quite alone, all by o.s.; тя е \сама жена she has no husband; she hasn’t got anybody;
    2. ( без чужда помощ) by o.s.; single-handed, unassisted; on o.’s own; for o.s.; бръсна се/обличам се \сам shave/dress o.s.; въпросът се разреши \сам the issue settled itself; готвя си \сам do o.’s own cooking; действам/виждам/откривам \сам act/see/discover for o.s.; решавам \сам decide for o.’s/on o.’s own, make up o.’s own mind; \сам изкарвам хляба си make o.’s own living; съдя \сам judge for o.s.; той научи английски \сам he taught himself English; уреждам работите си \сам settle o.’s own affairs;
    3. (не някой друг/ нещо друго) oneself; very, actual; в \самата книга in the body of the book; in the book itself; в \самото начало at the very beginning; до \самия край to the very end, right through to the end; от \самото начало from the very beginning, right from the start/outset, разг. from the word go; \самата истина the very/strict/real/naked/unvarnished truth, the truth itself; \самата Корея ( без съседните страни) Korea proper; \самата същност the very essence; той си е \сам господар he is his own master;
    4. ( олицетворение) itself; personified, incarnate; \самата глупост folly itself/personified; \самата посредственост/невинност mediocrity/innocence itself; той е \самият сатана he is the devil incarnate; • разбира се от \само себе си it goes without saying, it is self-evident; \сам за себе си on o.’s own account; \сам за себе си е прав as far as he is concerned he is right; \сам по себе си taken alone; in o.s.; essentially; \само по себе си in itself, so far as it goes.
    * * *
    alone: She lives сам. - Тя живее сама.; by oneself: I can do this job by myself. - Мога сам да се справя с тази работа.; all by myself - съвсем сам; lone ; lonely (самотен); oneself; very (самият): to the сам end - до самия край
    * * *
    1. (без чужда помощ) by о. s.;single-handed, unassisted;on o.'s own 2. (не някой друг/нещо друго) oneself;very, actual 3. (непридружен) unattended 4. (олицетворение) itself;personified, incarnate 5. (самотен) alone, by o.s. 6. for o.s. бръсна се/обличам се САМ shave/dress o.s. 7. САМ ата посредственост/невинност mediocrity/innocence itself 8. САМ за себе си е прав as far as he is concerned he is right 9. САМ пo себе си taken alone;in o.s.;essentially 10. САМ си оправям леглото make o.'s own bed 11. САМ си печеля хляба make o.'s own living 12. САМ съм си градинар/бояджия I am my own gardener/ housepainter 13. САМo пo себе си in itself, so far as it goes 14. САМата Корея (без съседните страни) Korea proper 15. САМата глупост folly itself/personified 16. САМата истина the very/ strict/real/naked/unvarnished truth, the truth itself 17. САМата същност the very essence 18. САМза себе си on o.'s own account 19. САМият негов глас his actual voice 20. в САМата книга in the body of the book;in the book itself 21. в САМото начало at the very beginning 22. въпросът се разреши САМ the issue settled itself 23. готвя си САМ do o.'s own cooking 24. действувам/виждам/откривам САМ act/see/discover for o.s. 25. действувамСАМ за себе си act on o.'s own account 26. децата не бива да остават САМ и children must not be left urattended/alone/on their own 27. до САМия край to the very end, right through to the end 28. живея САМ live by o.s., live alone, (самотен съм) live a solitary life 29. не някой друг, а САМият... no less a person than... 30. обичам да съм си САМ I like my own company 31. оставам САМ be left alone 32. оставаме САМи be left together 33. от САМо себе си of o.s.;of o.'s own accord;spontaneously 34. от САМото начало from the very beginning, right from the start/outset, разг. from the word go 35. разбира се от САМ о себе си it goes without saying, it is self-evident 36. решавам САМ decide for o.'s/on o.'s own, make up o.'s own mind 37. съвсем САМ, САМ- самичък/самин quite alone, all by o.s. 38. съдя САМ judge for o.s. 39. със САМото минаване на времето with the mere passage of time 40. той е САМият сатана he is the devil incarnate 41. той научи английски САМ he taught himself English 42. той си е САМ господар he is his own master 43. тя е САМа жена she has no husband;she hasn't got anybody 44. тя си уши тая блузаСАМа she made this blouse herself 45. уреждам си работите САМ settle o.'s own affairs 46. ще (си) бъдеш САМ you'll be on your оwn

    Български-английски речник > сам

  • 16 с самого начала

    2) Computers: de novo (например, синтез макромолекулы из максимально простых предшественников в противоположность синтезу из каких-л. метаболитов сложного строения или возникновение (но не наследование от родителей) хромосомной перестройки)
    3) Colloquial: right from the get-go (I knew right from the get-go this was a non-starter.), from the get-go, from the top
    4) American: from the ground up
    5) Sports: from the start
    7) Chemistry: from scratch
    8) Mathematics: from the (very) outset from the very beginning
    9) Religion: ab incunabuiis, ab ovo (Latin for "from egg", from beginning), de novo
    10) Jargon: from the git-go, from the gitget-go, from git-go, (Hапр.: 'I never believed that boy's BS story from the gitgo.') gitgo
    11) Patents: ab origin
    12) leg.N.P. ab initio
    13) Makarov: from the very outset
    14) Phraseological unit: day one (The very beginning. I've been with this project since day one.)
    15) Idiomatic expression: right from the jump

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > с самого начала

  • 17 desde

    prep.
    1 since (time).
    no lo veo desde el mes pasado/desde ayer I haven't seen him since last month/yesterday
    desde ahora from now on
    desde el principio from the beginning
    desde hace mucho/un mes for ages/a month
    desde… hasta… from… until…
    desde el lunes hasta el viernes from Monday till Friday
    desde entonces since then
    desde que since
    desde que murió mi madre since my mother died
    2 from (espacio).
    desde arriba/fuera from above/the outside
    desde… hasta… from… to…
    desde aquí hasta el centro from here to the center
    Está listo desde ese día It is ready from that day.
    3 from.
    desde 100.000 pesos from 100,000 pesos
    * * *
    1 (tiempo) since
    ¿desde cuándo? since when?
    desde entonces since then, from then on
    2 (lugar) from
    \
    desde ahora from now on
    desde hace mucho tiempo for a long time
    desde... hasta from... to
    desde luego (en realidad) really 2 (como respuesta) of course, certainly
    desde que since
    * * *
    prep.
    2) from
    - desde entonces
    - desde luego
    * * *
    PREP
    1) [indicando origen] from

    desde abajofrom below

    desde arribafrom above

    desde lejos — from a long way off, from afar liter

    2) [con cantidades, categorías] from
    3) [en el tiempo]

    desde el martes(=el pasado) since Tuesday; (=el próximo) after Tuesday

    desde ahorafrom now on

    ¿desde cuándo vives aquí? — how long have you been living here?

    ¿desde cuándo ocurre esto? — how long has this been happening?

    desde entoncessince then

    desde hace tres años — for three years

    desde el 4 hasta el 16 — from the 4th until o to the 16th

    desde niño — since childhood, since I was a child

    desde siemprealways

    -¿desde cuándo eres comunista? -desde siempre — "since when have you been a communist?" - "I've always been one"

    4)

    desde luego

    a) (=por supuesto) of course

    -¿vendrás? -desde luego — "are you coming?" - "of course (I am)"

    eso, desde luego, no es culpa mía — that, of course, is not my fault

    -¿quieres venir con nosotros? -desde luego que sí — "do you want to come with us?" - "of course I do"

    -¿no sabes nada de eso? -desde luego que no — "you don't know anything about it?" - "of course not"

    no era muy morena pero rubia desde luego que no — she wasn't really dark-haired, but she certainly wasn't blonde

    b) [como coletilla]

    desde luego, vaya fama estamos cogiendo — we're certainly getting quite a reputation

    desde luego, ¿quién lo iba a pensar? — I ask you, who would have thought it?, well, who would have thought it?

    ¡mira que olvidarte de llamar! ¡desde luego que eres despistado! — how could you forget to phone? you're so absent-minded!

    5)

    desde quesince

    desde que puedo recordar — ever since I can remember, as long as I can remember

    DESDE Expresiones temporales En expresiones temporales, desde puede traducirse por since, from o, en combinación con hace/ hacía, por for. Desde ( que ) se traduce por since siempre que se especifique a partir de cuándo comenzó una acción o un estado que sigue desarrollándose en el presente o en el momento en que se habla: Llevo aquí de vacaciones desde el viernes I have been here on holiday since Friday No come mejillones desde que sufrió aquella intoxicación alimenticia He hasn't eaten mussels since he had that bout of food poisoning Dijo que no la había visto desde la guerra He said he hadn't seen her since the war NOTA: Hay que tener en cuenta que en casos como estos cuando se trata de algo que comienza en el pasado y sigue en el presente, el inglés hace uso del {pretérito perfecto} (en sus formas simple o progresiva). Traducimos desde por from cuando desde simplemente indica el momento en el que empezó la acción cuando la oración indica el final de la acción o se implica, de algún modo, que esta ya ha terminado: Y desde aquel día el rey no volvió a hablar del asunto And from that day on(wards), the king never spoke about the subject again ► La construcción desde ... hasta se traduce por from ... until o por from ... to: Trabajamos desde las nueve de la mañana hasta las cinco de la tarde We work from nine in the morning until o to five in the afternoon Tendrás que pagar el alquiler desde julio hasta octubre You will have to pay rent from July until o to October ► Desde hace y desde hacía se traducen por for ya que van seguidos de una cantidad de tiempo: Estoy esperando desde hace más de una hora I have been waiting for over an hour No se había sentido tan feliz desde hacía años He hadn't felt so happy for years ► En oraciones interrogativas, desde cuándo se traduce por how long. En este tipo de preguntas, el inglés utiliza el pretérito perfecto para referirse a algo que empezó en el pasado y continúa en el presente: ¿Desde cuándo os conocéis? How long have you known each other? Para otros usos y ejemplos ver la entrada
    * * *
    1) ( en el tiempo) since

    desde entonces/desde que se casó — since then/since he got married

    ¿desde cuándo te gustan los mejillones? - desde siempre! — since when have you liked mussels? - I've always liked them!

    ¿desde cuándo trabajas aquí? — how long have you been working here?

    desde niño — since he/I was a child

    desde el primer momento or un principio — right from the start

    2) ( en el espacio) from

    desde aquí/allá — from here/there

    ¿desde dónde tengo que leer? — where do I have to read from?

    3) (en escalas, jerarquías) from
    * * *
    = from, from as far back as + Expresión Temporal.
    Ex. From the analysis of some 5760 questions, Wilkinson and Miller developed a 'step approach' to differentiate reference questions according to how many judgmental steps were required to answer them.
    Ex. In all types of libraries in Lesotho, shortage of, and the need for trained librarians has been felt from as far back as the mid-1970s.
    ----
    * desde allí = thence.
    * desde antiguo = from time immemorial.
    * desde aquel entonces = thenceforth.
    * desde aquel momento = ever after.
    * desde cero = from the ground up.
    * desde cualquier punto de vista = by any standard(s).
    * desde dentro = from within, from the inside, from the inside-out, inside-out.
    * desde dentro hacia fuera = from the inside-out.
    * desde dentro y desde fuera de = within and without.
    * desde el amanecer hasta el atardecer = from sunrise to sunset, from sun up to sun down, from sun up to sun down, from sun to sun.
    * desde el amanecer hasta el atardecer = from dawn (to/till/until) dusk.
    * desde el comienzo = from the outset, from the start, from the beginning, ab initio, from the word go, from the word get-go.
    * desde el comienzo de los tiempos = since the beginning of time, from the beginning of time, since time began.
    * desde el primer día = from day one.
    * desde el primer momento = from the word go, from the word get-go.
    * desde el principio = from the start, all along, ab initio, from the outset, from the beginning, from the word go, from the word get-go.
    * desde el principio de los tiempos = since the beginning of time, from the beginning of time, since time began.
    * desde el punto de vista de = in terms of, from the vantage of.
    * desde el punto de vista de la conservación = aesthetically [esthetically, -USA], medically, medically, musically, preservationally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la archivística = archivally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la calidad = on quality grounds.
    * desde el punto de vista de la cinética = kinetically.
    * desde el punto de vista de la competitividad = competitively.
    * desde el punto de vista de la cultura = culturally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la funcionalidad = functionally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la logística = logistically.
    * desde el punto de vista de la mitosis = mitotically.
    * desde el punto de vista de la notación = notationally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la nutrición = nutritionally speaking, nutritionally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la química = chemically.
    * desde el punto de vista de la realidad = factually.
    * desde el punto de vista de las matemáticas = mathematically.
    * desde el punto de vista de la tonalidad = tonally.
    * desde el punto de vista del contexto = contextually.
    * desde el punto de vista del estilo = stylistically.
    * desde el punto de vista del funcionamiento = operationally.
    * desde el punto de vista del medio ambiente = environmentally.
    * desde el punto de vista del + Nombre = as seen through the eyes of + Nombre.
    * desde el punto de vista de los hechos = factually.
    * desde el punto de vista del trabajador = in the trenches.
    * desde el punto de vista del uso = in terms of use.
    * desde el punto de vista de + Nombre = as far as + Nombre + be + concerned.
    * desde el punto de vista económico = fiscally.
    * desde el punto de vista lingüístico = linguistically.
    * desde el punto de vista político = politically.
    * desde el punto de vista profesional = career-wise [careerwise].
    * desde entonces = ever since, henceforth, in the interim, since, since that time, since then, henceforward, ever since then, ever since then, thenceforth, in the intervening years, ever after, in the intervening period, since that day.
    * desde entonces hasta la actualidad = from then to the present day.
    * desde ese día = since that day.
    * desde ese momento = from that point, ever after.
    * desde esta misma perspectiva = along the same lines.
    * desde este punto de vista = viewed in this light.
    * desde + Expresión Temporal = since + Expresión Temporal, ever since + Expresión Temporal.
    * desde + Expresión Temporal + hasta el presente = from + Expresión Temporal + up to the present.
    * desde + Expresión Temporal + hasta hoy día = from + Expresión Temporal + up to the present day.
    * desde + Fecha + hasta ahora = from + Fecha + to the present.
    * desde + Fecha/Lugar + en adelante = from + Fecha/Lugar + onward(s).
    * desde fuera = from the outside.
    * desde hace algún tiempo = for some time past, for days.
    * desde hace años = over the years, for years past, for years.
    * desde hace la tira (de tiempo) = for yonks, for yonks and yonks.
    * desde hace muchísimo tiempo = in ages (and ages and ages).
    * desde hace muchos años = for years.
    * desde hace mucho tiempo = for ages, long-time [longtime], far back in time, for a long time, long since, in ages (and ages and ages).
    * desde hace siglos = for yonks, for yonks and yonks.
    * desde hace tanto tiempo = so long.
    * desde hace tiempo = long [longer -comp., longest -sup.], over the years, for a long time, long since, for some time.
    * desde hace un montonazo de tiempo = for yonks and yonks.
    * desde hace un montón de tiempo = for yonks.
    * desde hace un par de + Tiempo = in these past couple of + Tiempo.
    * desde hace varios años + Presente = for several years + Pretérito Perfecto.
    * desde hace ya algún tiempo = for some time now.
    * desde hace ya años = for years now.
    * desde... hasta... = from... through..., during the period + Período de Tiempo, from... right across....
    * desde hoy en adelante = as from today.
    * desde la antigüedad = since ancient times.
    * desde la cabeza hasta los pies = head to toe, from head to toe, from head to foot.
    * desde la época de/cuando = since the days of/when.
    * desde la época prehistórica = since prehistoric times.
    * desde la mañana a la noche = from morning to night.
    * desde la perspectiva de = in light of.
    * desde la prehistoria = since prehistoric times.
    * desde lejos = from a distance, from afar.
    * desde los comienzos = from an early stage.
    * desde los primeros tiempos = since the earliest of times, from earliest times.
    * desde los viejos tiempos = since olden times.
    * desde mi punto de vista = in my opinion, in my view, in my books.
    * desde mitad de + Expresión Temporal + en adelante = from the mid + Expresión Temporal + onwards.
    * desde muy antiguo = since olden times.
    * desde muy lejos = from afar.
    * desde..., pasando por..., hasta... = from..., through..., to....
    * desde + perspectiva = against + backdrop.
    * desde principio a fin = throughout.
    * desde principios de siglo = since the turn of the century, from the turn of the century.
    * desde + punto de vista = against + backdrop.
    * desde que el mundo es mundo = from the beginning of time, since the beginning of time, since time began.
    * desde su época = since + Posesivo + day.
    * desde su origen = from + its/their + inception, since + its/their + inception.
    * desde sus comienzos = from + its/their + inception, from + its/their + beginnings, since + its/their + beginnings, since + its/their + inception.
    * desde tiempo inmemorial = since earliest time, since time immemorial, from time immemorial, since time out of mind, from time out of mind.
    * desde tiempos prehistóricos = since prehistoric times.
    * desde todos los puntos de vista = in every sense.
    * desde una perspectiva + Adjetivo = along + Adjetivo + line.
    * desde un extremo... al otro = from one end... to the other.
    * desde un punto de vista académico = academically.
    * desde un punto de vista antropológico = anthropologically.
    * desde un punto de vista clínico = medically, medically.
    * desde un punto de vista clínico = clinically.
    * desde un punto de vista cognitivo = cognitively.
    * desde un punto de vista crítico = judgmentally [judgementally], with a critical eye, critically.
    * desde un punto de vista cultural = culturally.
    * desde un punto de vista ecológico = ecologically.
    * desde un punto de vista económico = economically, monetarily.
    * desde un punto de vista estético = aesthetically [esthetically, -USA].
    * desde un punto de vista estrictamente técnico = technically speaking.
    * desde un punto de vista étnico = ethnically.
    * desde un punto de vista filosófico = philosophically.
    * desde un punto de vista general = in a broad sense.
    * desde un punto de vista histórico = historically.
    * desde un punto de vista más amplio = in a broader sense.
    * desde un punto de vista más general = in a broader sense.
    * desde un punto de vista médico = medically, medically.
    * desde un punto de vista medioambiental = environmentally.
    * desde un punto de vista monetario = monetarily.
    * desde un punto de vista morfológico = morphologically.
    * desde un punto de vista operativo = operationally.
    * desde un punto de vista racista = racially + Adjetivo.
    * desde un punto de vista religioso = religiously.
    * desde un punto de vista socioeconómico = socioeconomically.
    * desde un punto de vista técnico = technically.
    * desde un punto vista ético = ethically.
    * existir desde hace años = be around for years.
    * nada más y nada menos que desde + Expresión Temporal = from as far back as + Expresión Temporal.
    * olvidado desde hace tiempo = long forgotten.
    * * *
    1) ( en el tiempo) since

    desde entonces/desde que se casó — since then/since he got married

    ¿desde cuándo te gustan los mejillones? - desde siempre! — since when have you liked mussels? - I've always liked them!

    ¿desde cuándo trabajas aquí? — how long have you been working here?

    desde niño — since he/I was a child

    desde el primer momento or un principio — right from the start

    2) ( en el espacio) from

    desde aquí/allá — from here/there

    ¿desde dónde tengo que leer? — where do I have to read from?

    3) (en escalas, jerarquías) from
    * * *
    = from, from as far back as + Expresión Temporal.

    Ex: From the analysis of some 5760 questions, Wilkinson and Miller developed a 'step approach' to differentiate reference questions according to how many judgmental steps were required to answer them.

    Ex: In all types of libraries in Lesotho, shortage of, and the need for trained librarians has been felt from as far back as the mid-1970s.
    * desde allí = thence.
    * desde antiguo = from time immemorial.
    * desde aquel entonces = thenceforth.
    * desde aquel momento = ever after.
    * desde cero = from the ground up.
    * desde cualquier punto de vista = by any standard(s).
    * desde dentro = from within, from the inside, from the inside-out, inside-out.
    * desde dentro hacia fuera = from the inside-out.
    * desde dentro y desde fuera de = within and without.
    * desde el amanecer hasta el atardecer = from sunrise to sunset, from sun up to sun down, from sun up to sun down, from sun to sun.
    * desde el amanecer hasta el atardecer = from dawn (to/till/until) dusk.
    * desde el comienzo = from the outset, from the start, from the beginning, ab initio, from the word go, from the word get-go.
    * desde el comienzo de los tiempos = since the beginning of time, from the beginning of time, since time began.
    * desde el primer día = from day one.
    * desde el primer momento = from the word go, from the word get-go.
    * desde el principio = from the start, all along, ab initio, from the outset, from the beginning, from the word go, from the word get-go.
    * desde el principio de los tiempos = since the beginning of time, from the beginning of time, since time began.
    * desde el punto de vista de = in terms of, from the vantage of.
    * desde el punto de vista de la conservación = aesthetically [esthetically, -USA], medically, medically, musically, preservationally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la archivística = archivally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la calidad = on quality grounds.
    * desde el punto de vista de la cinética = kinetically.
    * desde el punto de vista de la competitividad = competitively.
    * desde el punto de vista de la cultura = culturally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la funcionalidad = functionally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la logística = logistically.
    * desde el punto de vista de la mitosis = mitotically.
    * desde el punto de vista de la notación = notationally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la nutrición = nutritionally speaking, nutritionally.
    * desde el punto de vista de la química = chemically.
    * desde el punto de vista de la realidad = factually.
    * desde el punto de vista de las matemáticas = mathematically.
    * desde el punto de vista de la tonalidad = tonally.
    * desde el punto de vista del contexto = contextually.
    * desde el punto de vista del estilo = stylistically.
    * desde el punto de vista del funcionamiento = operationally.
    * desde el punto de vista del medio ambiente = environmentally.
    * desde el punto de vista del + Nombre = as seen through the eyes of + Nombre.
    * desde el punto de vista de los hechos = factually.
    * desde el punto de vista del trabajador = in the trenches.
    * desde el punto de vista del uso = in terms of use.
    * desde el punto de vista de + Nombre = as far as + Nombre + be + concerned.
    * desde el punto de vista económico = fiscally.
    * desde el punto de vista lingüístico = linguistically.
    * desde el punto de vista político = politically.
    * desde el punto de vista profesional = career-wise [careerwise].
    * desde entonces = ever since, henceforth, in the interim, since, since that time, since then, henceforward, ever since then, ever since then, thenceforth, in the intervening years, ever after, in the intervening period, since that day.
    * desde entonces hasta la actualidad = from then to the present day.
    * desde ese día = since that day.
    * desde ese momento = from that point, ever after.
    * desde esta misma perspectiva = along the same lines.
    * desde este punto de vista = viewed in this light.
    * desde + Expresión Temporal = since + Expresión Temporal, ever since + Expresión Temporal.
    * desde + Expresión Temporal + hasta el presente = from + Expresión Temporal + up to the present.
    * desde + Expresión Temporal + hasta hoy día = from + Expresión Temporal + up to the present day.
    * desde + Fecha + hasta ahora = from + Fecha + to the present.
    * desde + Fecha/Lugar + en adelante = from + Fecha/Lugar + onward(s).
    * desde fuera = from the outside.
    * desde hace algún tiempo = for some time past, for days.
    * desde hace años = over the years, for years past, for years.
    * desde hace la tira (de tiempo) = for yonks, for yonks and yonks.
    * desde hace muchísimo tiempo = in ages (and ages and ages).
    * desde hace muchos años = for years.
    * desde hace mucho tiempo = for ages, long-time [longtime], far back in time, for a long time, long since, in ages (and ages and ages).
    * desde hace siglos = for yonks, for yonks and yonks.
    * desde hace tanto tiempo = so long.
    * desde hace tiempo = long [longer -comp., longest -sup.], over the years, for a long time, long since, for some time.
    * desde hace un montonazo de tiempo = for yonks and yonks.
    * desde hace un montón de tiempo = for yonks.
    * desde hace un par de + Tiempo = in these past couple of + Tiempo.
    * desde hace varios años + Presente = for several years + Pretérito Perfecto.
    * desde hace ya algún tiempo = for some time now.
    * desde hace ya años = for years now.
    * desde... hasta... = from... through..., during the period + Período de Tiempo, from... right across....
    * desde hoy en adelante = as from today.
    * desde la antigüedad = since ancient times.
    * desde la cabeza hasta los pies = head to toe, from head to toe, from head to foot.
    * desde la época de/cuando = since the days of/when.
    * desde la época prehistórica = since prehistoric times.
    * desde la mañana a la noche = from morning to night.
    * desde la perspectiva de = in light of.
    * desde la prehistoria = since prehistoric times.
    * desde lejos = from a distance, from afar.
    * desde los comienzos = from an early stage.
    * desde los primeros tiempos = since the earliest of times, from earliest times.
    * desde los viejos tiempos = since olden times.
    * desde mi punto de vista = in my opinion, in my view, in my books.
    * desde mitad de + Expresión Temporal + en adelante = from the mid + Expresión Temporal + onwards.
    * desde muy antiguo = since olden times.
    * desde muy lejos = from afar.
    * desde..., pasando por..., hasta... = from..., through..., to....
    * desde + perspectiva = against + backdrop.
    * desde principio a fin = throughout.
    * desde principios de siglo = since the turn of the century, from the turn of the century.
    * desde + punto de vista = against + backdrop.
    * desde que el mundo es mundo = from the beginning of time, since the beginning of time, since time began.
    * desde su época = since + Posesivo + day.
    * desde su origen = from + its/their + inception, since + its/their + inception.
    * desde sus comienzos = from + its/their + inception, from + its/their + beginnings, since + its/their + beginnings, since + its/their + inception.
    * desde tiempo inmemorial = since earliest time, since time immemorial, from time immemorial, since time out of mind, from time out of mind.
    * desde tiempos prehistóricos = since prehistoric times.
    * desde todos los puntos de vista = in every sense.
    * desde una perspectiva + Adjetivo = along + Adjetivo + line.
    * desde un extremo... al otro = from one end... to the other.
    * desde un punto de vista académico = academically.
    * desde un punto de vista antropológico = anthropologically.
    * desde un punto de vista clínico = medically, medically.
    * desde un punto de vista clínico = clinically.
    * desde un punto de vista cognitivo = cognitively.
    * desde un punto de vista crítico = judgmentally [judgementally], with a critical eye, critically.
    * desde un punto de vista cultural = culturally.
    * desde un punto de vista ecológico = ecologically.
    * desde un punto de vista económico = economically, monetarily.
    * desde un punto de vista estético = aesthetically [esthetically, -USA].
    * desde un punto de vista estrictamente técnico = technically speaking.
    * desde un punto de vista étnico = ethnically.
    * desde un punto de vista filosófico = philosophically.
    * desde un punto de vista general = in a broad sense.
    * desde un punto de vista histórico = historically.
    * desde un punto de vista más amplio = in a broader sense.
    * desde un punto de vista más general = in a broader sense.
    * desde un punto de vista médico = medically, medically.
    * desde un punto de vista medioambiental = environmentally.
    * desde un punto de vista monetario = monetarily.
    * desde un punto de vista morfológico = morphologically.
    * desde un punto de vista operativo = operationally.
    * desde un punto de vista racista = racially + Adjetivo.
    * desde un punto de vista religioso = religiously.
    * desde un punto de vista socioeconómico = socioeconomically.
    * desde un punto de vista técnico = technically.
    * desde un punto vista ético = ethically.
    * existir desde hace años = be around for years.
    * nada más y nada menos que desde + Expresión Temporal = from as far back as + Expresión Temporal.
    * olvidado desde hace tiempo = long forgotten.

    * * *
    desde entonces/desde que se casó no lo he vuelto a ver I haven't seen him again since then/since he got married
    estamos aquí desde el mes pasado we've been here since last month
    ¿desde cuándo trabajas aquí? how long have you been working here?
    ¿desde cuándo te gustan los mejillones? — ¡desde siempre! since when have you liked mussels? — I've always liked them!
    ¿desde cuándo hay que hacerlo así? — desde ahora when do we have to start doing it that way? — as from now
    desde niño había sido muy ambicioso he had been very ambitious ever since he was a child
    desde el primer momento or un principio right from the start o the outset
    no los veo desde hace meses I haven't seen them for months
    estaba enfermo desde hacía un año he had been ill for a year
    desde que + SUBJ
    ( liter): desde que llegara a ese país since the day that she arrived in that country
    desde que aprendiera a escribir since the time I learned to write
    DESDE … HASTA:
    estará abierto desde el 15 hasta el 30 it will be open from the 15th to o till o until the 30th
    desde que llegó hasta que se fue from the time she arrived to the time she left
    desde ya ya1 adv C. (↑ ya (1))
    les mandé una postal desde Dublín I sent them a postcard from Dublin
    lo vi desde la ventana I saw him from the window
    ¿desde dónde tengo que leer? where do I have to read from?
    desde mi punto de vista from my point of view
    nosotros, desde aquí, intentaremos hacer lo que podamos we'll do what we can here o from this end o from our end
    DESDE … HASTA … FROM … TO …
    desde la página 12 hasta la 20 from page 12 to o as far as o up to page 20
    C (en escalas, jerarquías) from
    blusas desde 12 euros blouses from 12 euros
    DESDE … HASTA … FROM … TO …
    todos, desde los trabajadores hasta los empresarios, … everyone, from the workers (up) to the management, …
    desde el director hasta el último empleado de la compañía from the director (down) to the lowest employee in the company
    temas que van desde la reforma penal hasta la crisis económica subjects ranging from penal reform to the economic crisis
    D
    desde luego luego1 adv E. (↑ luego (1))
    * * *

     

    desde preposición
    1 ( en el tiempo) since;
    desde entonces/desde que se casó since then/since he got married;

    ¿desde cuándo trabajas aquí? how long have you been working here?;
    desde el primer momento right from the start;
    no los veo desde hace meses I haven't seen them for months;
    desde el 15 hasta el 30 from the 15th to o until the 30th
    2 ( en el espacio) from;
    desde aquí/allá from here/there;

    ¿desde dónde tengo que leer? where do I have to read from?;
    desde la página 12 hasta la 20 from page 12 (up) to page 20
    3 (en escalas, jerarquías) from;

    desde
    I preposición
    1 (punto en que comienza a contarse el tiempo) since: estuvo allí desde el jueves hasta el lunes, she was there from Thursday until Monday
    no he hablado con él desde hace meses, I haven't talked to him for months
    ¿desde cuándo lo sabes?, how long have you known?
    desde que María me lo dijo, ever since Maria told me
    desde ayer, since yesterday
    desde esta mañana, from this morning on
    2 (punto en que comienza a contarse una distancia o se señala una perspectiva) from
    desde aquí, from here
    desde la ventana, from the window
    figurado habla desde la ignorancia, he speaks out from ignorance
    ♦ Locuciones: desde luego, of course
    desde siempre, always
    ' desde' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abandonarse
    - arriba
    - borrasca
    - caer
    - cuándo
    - desarrollar
    - doblarse
    - donde
    - ermitaña
    - ermitaño
    - españolizar
    - ir
    - gritar
    - judoka
    - lloro
    - llover
    - lozana
    - lozano
    - luego
    - mendicidad
    - mustia
    - mustio
    - nos
    - residir
    - risa
    - robar
    - rondar
    - siempre
    - tarde
    - ver
    - vivir
    - yudoka
    - abajo
    - antiguo
    - arrastrar
    - bombardear
    - bombardeo
    - descender
    - descenso
    - dominar
    - exterior
    - mejor
    - memoria
    - mirar
    - pie
    - razón
    - retroactivo
    - saber
    - ser
    - simpatizar
    English:
    absolutely
    - all
    - approach
    - arouse
    - back up
    - beginning
    - blow
    - burning
    - can
    - carry
    - certainly
    - conception
    - ease off
    - ease up
    - educationally
    - elapse
    - explode
    - first
    - for
    - from
    - go
    - gorgeous
    - grandstand
    - hear of
    - hence
    - inherent
    - jump down
    - kerb-crawl
    - kerb-crawling
    - know
    - listen
    - look down
    - lost
    - mainland
    - off
    - ought
    - outset
    - outside
    - pass down
    - perspective
    - range
    - respect
    - scene
    - see
    - since
    - spectacular
    - splendid
    - standing
    - talk down
    - then
    * * *
    prep
    1. [indica tiempo] since;
    no lo veo desde el mes pasado/desde ayer I haven't seen him since last month/since yesterday;
    desde aquel día, nada volvió a ser igual from that day on, things were never the same again;
    desde ahora from now on;
    ¿desde cuándo? since when?;
    ¿desde cuándo se conocen? how long o since when have you known each other?;
    ¿desde cuándo no hay que llamar para entrar? since when has it been all right to come in without knocking?;
    desde entonces since then;
    no la veo desde hace un año I haven't seen her for a year, it's a year since I last saw her;
    desde hace dos días no come she hasn't eaten for two days;
    ¿desde cuánto hace que no come? how long has she not been eating?;
    desde hace mucho/un mes for ages/a month;
    trabaja para ellos desde hace poco she recently started working for them;
    te espero desde hace más de una hora I've been waiting for you for more than an hour;
    Fam
    ¡desde hace que no la veo! [en tono enfático] I haven't seen her for AGES!;
    desde… hasta… from… until…;
    desde el lunes hasta el viernes from Monday Br till o US through Friday;
    desde el 1 hasta el 15 de septiembre from 1 to 15 September;
    desde niño o [m5] desde pequeño me enseñaron a dar las gracias I was brought up to say thank you to people from an early age;
    desde el principio supe que no iba a salir bien I knew from the very beginning o from the word go it wasn't going to turn out well;
    desde que since;
    desde que la vi en el teatro, no he vuelto a saber nada de ella I haven't heard from her since (the day) I saw her at the theatre;
    desde que murió mi madre since my mother died;
    desde ya [inmediatamente] right now;
    ponte a ordenar esta habitación desde ya start tidying this room this instant
    2. [indica espacio] from;
    desde mi ventana se ve el puerto you can see the harbour from my window;
    vinieron a vernos desde Santiago they came from Santiago to visit us;
    ¿desde dónde nos disparan? where are they shooting at us from?;
    desde arriba/abajo from above/below;
    visto desde arriba, parece más grande seen from above, it looks bigger;
    se ve desde lejos it can be seen from a long way away;
    desde… hasta… from… to…;
    desde aquí hasta el centro from here to the centre;
    desde un punto de vista jurídico… from a legal point of view…;
    afrontemos el proceso de paz desde la democracia y el respeto let us enter the peace process in a spirit of democracy and respect
    3. [indica cantidad mínima] from;
    desde 10.000 euros from 10,000 euros
    4. [indica lo que se abarca]
    desde… hasta… from… to…;
    se encargan de todo, desde el viaje hasta el alojamiento they take care of everything, from the travel arrangements to the accommodation;
    sabe hacer de todo, desde cambiar un fusible hasta arreglar una moto she can do all sorts of things, from changing a fuse to repairing a motorbike
    desde luego loc adv
    1. [por supuesto]
    ¡desde luego (que sí)! of course!;
    ¡desde luego que me gusta! of course I like it!;
    ¡desde luego que no os ayudaré! no way am I going to help you!, I'm certainly not going to help you!
    2. [en tono de reproche]
    ¡desde luego! for goodness' sake!;
    ¡desde luego! ¡no te creía capaz de una cosa así! I certainly didn't think you were capable of something like this!;
    ¡desde luego, tienes cada idea! you really come out with some funny ideas!
    * * *
    prp
    1 en el tiempo since;
    desde 1993 since 1993;
    desde que since;
    desde hace tres días for three days;
    desde hace mucho/poco for a long/short time;
    desde mañana from tomorrow;
    desde ya Rpl right away
    2 en el espacio from;
    desde arriba/abajo from above/below;
    te veo desde aquí I can see you from here
    3 en escala from;
    desde … hasta … from … to …
    4
    :
    desde luego of course
    * * *
    desde prep
    1) : from
    2) : since
    3)
    desde ahora : from now on
    4)
    desde entonces : since then
    5)
    desde hace : for, since (a time)
    ha estado nevando desde hace dos días: it's been snowing for two days
    6)
    desde luego : of course
    7)
    desde que : since, ever since
    8)
    desde ya : right now, immediately
    * * *
    desde prep
    1. (lugar, cantidad) from
    desde... hasta from... to
    desde entonces since then / from then on
    ¿desde cuándo? how long?
    ¿desde cuándo pasas las vacaciones aquí? how long have you been coming here on holiday?

    Spanish-English dictionary > desde

  • 18 origine

    origine [ɔʀiʒin]
    feminine noun
    d'origine of origin ; [langue, pays] native ; [emballage] original
    être à l'origine de to be the cause of ; [+ proposition, initiative, projet, attentat] to be behind
    * * *
    ɔʀiʒin
    1) ( provenance) origin

    être d'origine modeste/noble — to come from a modest/noble background

    être d'origine paysanne[personne] to come from a farming family

    2) ( commencement) origin

    dès l'origine — (de projet, technique) right from the start; ( du monde) from the very beginning

    d'origine[pays] of origin; [moteur, vitraux] original

    3) ( source) origin
    4) Mathématique origin
    * * *
    ɔʀiʒin
    1. nf
    1) [événement, phénomène, coutume] origin

    avoir son origine dans — to have its origins in, to originate in

    être à l'origine de — to be the cause of, to be behind

    2) [message, appel téléphonique] source
    3) [révolution, réussite] root
    4) [personne] origin

    d'origine (pays) — of origin, (pneus) original, (bureau postal) dispatching

    2. origines nfpl
    [personne] origins
    * * *
    origine nf
    1 ( provenance) origin; toutes origines confondues of all origins; tradition/mot/tissu d'origine italienne tradition/word/fabric of Italian origin; de toutes les origines sociales [personnes] from all walks of life; être d'origine modeste/noble to come from a modest/noble background; famille d'origine modeste/noble family of modest/noble origins; être d'origine grecque [personne] to be of Greek extraction; être d'origine paysanne [personne] to come from a farming family;
    2 ( commencement) origin; l'origine de la vie/l'univers the origin of life/the universe; l'histoire de la Chine des origines à nos jours the history of China from its origins to the present day; l'origine des temps the beginning of time; dès l'origine (de projet, technique) right from the start; ( du monde) from the very beginning; à l'origine originally; d'origine [pays] of origin; [moteur, objet, vitraux] original;
    3 ( source) origin; produit d'origine végétale/animale product of vegetable/animal origin; conflit d'origine raciale conflict of racial origin; à l'origine du conflit il y a un problème frontalier the conflict has its origins in a border dispute; trouver or avoir son origine dans to have its roots in; maladie d'origine virale viral disease; pollution d'origine agricole/industrielle agricultural/industrial pollution;
    4 Math origin.
    [ɔriʒin] nom féminin
    1. [cause première - d'un feu, d'une maladie, d'une querelle] origin
    avoir son origine dans, tirer son origine de to have one's origins in, to originate in
    a. [personne] to be behind ou to be the cause of an argument
    b. [malentendu] to be at the origin ou root of an argument
    2. [début] origin, beginning
    les vêtements, des origines à nos jours [dans un livre, un musée] clothes, from their origins to the present day
    dès l'origine from the (very) beginning, from the outset
    3. [provenance - d'un terme] origin, root ; [ - d'un produit manufacturé] origin
    4. [d'une personne] origin
    ————————
    à l'origine locution adverbiale
    originally, initially, at the beginning
    ————————
    d'origine locution adjectivale
    [pays] of origin
    [couleur, emballage, nom, monnaie] original

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > origine

  • 19 inizio

    start
    * * *
    m (pl -zi) start, beginning
    avere inizio start, begin
    dare inizio a qualcosa start something
    * * *
    inizio s.m.
    1 beginning, start, commencement: la partita avrà inizio alle tre, the game will start at three; dall'inizio alla fine, from beginning to end (o from start to finish); sin dall'inizio, from the very beginning // ( sport) calcio d'inizio, kickoff
    2 (prima fase) beginning; opening: l'inizio del romanzo è descrittivo, the opening of the novel is descriptive; all'inizio dell'estate, at the beginning of summer.
    * * *
    pl. -zi [i'nittsjo, tsi] sostantivo maschile beginning, start

    all'inizioin o at the beginning, at first

    sin dall'inizio — right from the start, from the very first

    dare inizio a qcs. — to begin o start sth.

    * * *
    inizio
    pl. -zi /i'nittsjo, tsi/
    sostantivo m.
    beginning, start; all'inizio in o at the beginning, at first; all'inizio di marzo at the beginning of March; sin dall'inizio right from the start, from the very first; dare inizio a qcs. to begin o start sth.; agli -zi della sua carriera early on in her career.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > inizio

  • 20 ab

    ăb, ā, abs, prep. with abl. This IndoEuropean particle (Sanscr. apa or ava, Etr. av, Gr. upo, Goth. af, Old Germ. aba, New Germ. ab, Engl. of, off) has in Latin the following forms: ap, af, ab (av), au-, a, a; aps, abs, as-. The existence of the oldest form, ap, is proved by the oldest and best MSS. analogous to the prep. apud, the Sanscr. api, and Gr. epi, and by the weakened form af, which, by the rule of historical grammar and the nature of the Latin letter f, can be derived only from ap, not from ab. The form af, weakened from ap, also very soon became obsolete. There are but five examples of it in inscriptions, at the end of the sixth and in the course of the seventh century B. C., viz.:

    AF VOBEIS,

    Inscr. Orell. 3114;

    AF MVRO,

    ib. 6601;

    AF CAPVA,

    ib. 3308;

    AF SOLO,

    ib. 589;

    AF LYCO,

    ib. 3036 ( afuolunt =avolant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Mull., is only a conjecture). In the time of Cicero this form was regarded as archaic, and only here and there used in account-books; v. Cic. Or. 47, 158 (where the correct reading is af, not abs or ab), and cf. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 7 sq.—The second form of this preposition, changed from ap, was ab, which has become the principal form and the one most generally used through all periods—and indeed the only oue used before all vowels and h; here and there also before some consonants, particularly l, n, r, and s; rarely before c, j, d, t; and almost never before the labials p, b, f, v, or before m, such examples as ab Massiliensibus, Caes. B. C. 1, 35, being of the most rare occurrence.—By changing the b of ab through v into u, the form au originated, which was in use only in the two compounds aufero and aufugio for abfero, ab-fugio; aufuisse for afuisse, in Cod. Medic. of Tac. A. 12, 17, is altogether unusual. Finally, by dropping the b of ab, and lengthening the a, ab was changed into a, which form, together with ab, predominated through all periods of the Latin language, and took its place before all consonants in the later years of Cicero, and after him almoet exclusively.—By dropping the b without lengthening the a, ab occurs in the form a- in the two compounds a-bio and a-perio, q. v.—On the other hand, instead of reducing ap to a and a, a strengthened collateral form, aps, was made by adding to ap the letter s (also used in particles, as in ex, mox, vix). From the first, aps was used only before the letters c, q, t, and was very soon changed into abs (as ap into ab):

    abs chorago,

    Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 79 (159 Ritschl):

    abs quivis,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1:

    abs terra,

    Cato, R. R. 51;

    and in compounds: aps-cessero,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 24 (625 R.); id. ib. 3, 2, 84 (710 R): abs-condo, abs-que, abs-tineo, etc. The use of abs was confined almost exclusively to the combination abs te during the whole ante-classic period, and with Cicero till about the year 700 A. U. C. (=B. C. 54). After that time Cicero evidently hesitates between abs te and a te, but during the last five or six years of his life a te became predominant in all his writings, even in his letters; consequently abs te appears but rarely in later authors, as in Liv. 10, 19, 8; 26, 15, 12;

    and who, perhaps, also used abs conscendentibus,

    id. 28, 37, 2; v. Drakenb. ad. h. l. (Weissenb. ab).—Finally abs, in consequence of the following p, lost its b, and became ds- in the three compounds aspello, as-porto, and as-pernor (for asspernor); v. these words.—The late Lat. verb abbrevio may stand for adbrevio, the d of ad being assimilated to the following b.The fundamental signification of ab is departure from some fixed point (opp. to ad. which denotes motion to a point).
    I.
    In space, and,
    II.
    Fig., in time and other relations, in which the idea of departure from some point, as from source and origin, is included; Engl. from, away from, out of; down from; since, after; by, at, in, on, etc.
    I.
    Lit., in space: ab classe ad urbem tendunt, Att. ap. Non. 495, 22 (Trag. Rel. p. 177 Rib.):

    Caesar maturat ab urbe proficisci,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

    fuga ab urbe turpissima,

    Cic. Att. 7, 21:

    ducite ab urbe domum, ducite Daphnim,

    Verg. E. 8, 68. Cicero himself gives the difference between ab and ex thus: si qui mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus extra meum fundum et me introire prohibuerit, non ex eo, sed ab ( from, away from) eo loco me dejecerit....Unde dejecti Galli? A Capitolio. Unde, qui cum Graccho fucrunt? Ex Capitolio, etc., Cic. Caecin. 30, 87; cf. Diom. p. 408 P., and a similar distinction between ad and in under ad.—Ellipt.: Diogenes Alexandro roganti, ut diceret, si quid opus esset: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92. —Often joined with usque:

    illam (mulierem) usque a mari supero Romam proficisci,

    all the way from, Cic. Clu. 68, 192; v. usque, I.—And with ad, to denote the space passed over: siderum genus ab ortu ad occasum commeant, from... to, Cic. N. D. 2, 19 init.; cf. ab... in:

    venti a laevo latere in dextrum, ut sol, ambiunt,

    Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.
    b.
    Sometimes with names of cities and small islands, or with domus (instead of the usual abl.), partie., in militnry and nautieal language, to denote the marching of soldiers, the setting out of a flcet, or the departure of the inhabitants from some place:

    oppidum ab Aenea fugiente a Troja conditum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33:

    quemadmodum (Caesar) a Gergovia discederet,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 43 fin.; so id. ib. 7, 80 fin.; Sall. J. 61; 82; 91; Liv. 2, 33, 6 al.; cf.:

    ab Arimino M. Antonium cum cohortibus quinque Arretium mittit,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 11 fin.; and:

    protinus a Corfinio in Siciliam miserat,

    id. ib. 1, 25, 2:

    profecti a domo,

    Liv. 40, 33, 2;

    of setting sail: cum exercitus vestri numquam a Brundisio nisi hieme summa transmiserint,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 32; so id. Fam. 15, 3, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 23; 3, 24 fin.:

    classe qua advecti ab domo fuerant,

    Liv. 8, 22, 6;

    of citizens: interim ab Roma legatos venisse nuntiatum est,

    Liv. 21, 9, 3; cf.:

    legati ab Orico ad M. Valerium praetorem venerunt,

    id. 24, 40, 2.
    c.
    Sometimes with names of persons or with pronouns: pestem abige a me, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 50 Vahl.):

    Quasi ad adulescentem a patre ex Seleucia veniat,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; cf.:

    libertus a Fuflis cum litteris ad Hermippum venit,

    Cic. Fl. 20, 47:

    Nigidium a Domitio Capuam venisse,

    id. Att. 7, 24:

    cum a vobis discessero,

    id. Sen. 22:

    multa merces tibi defluat ab Jove Neptunoque,

    Hor. C. 1, 28, 29 al. So often of a person instead of his house, lodging, etc.: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, from the father, i. e. from his house, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6:

    so a fratre,

    id. Phorm. 5, 1, 5:

    a Pontio,

    Cic. Att. 5, 3 fin.:

    ab ea,

    Ter. And. 1, 3, 21; and so often: a me, a nobis, a se, etc., from my, our, his house, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 1, 7; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 50; Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1 al.
    B.
    Transf., without the idea of motion. To designate separation or distance, with the verbs abesse, distare, etc., and with the particles longe, procul, prope, etc.
    1.
    Of separation:

    ego te afuisse tam diu a nobis dolui,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 2:

    abesse a domo paulisper maluit,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39:

    tum Brutus ab Roma aberat,

    Sall. C. 40, 5:

    absint lacerti ab stabulis,

    Verg. G. 4, 14.—
    2.
    Of distance:

    quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,

    Cic. Caecin. 10, 28; cf.:

    nos in castra properabamus, quae aberant bidui,

    id. Att. 5, 16 fin.; and:

    hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 1:

    terrae ab hujusce terrae, quam nos incolimus, continuatione distantes,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:

    non amplius pedum milibus duobus ab castris castra distabant,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 82, 3; cf. id. lb. 1, 3, 103.—With adverbs: annos multos longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 103 Vahl.):

    cum domus patris a foro longe abesset,

    Cic. Cael. 7, 18 fin.; cf.:

    qui fontes a quibusdam praesidiis aberant longius,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 49, 5:

    quae procul erant a conspectu imperii,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87; cf.:

    procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 17, 1; and:

    tu procul a patria Alpinas nives vides,

    Verg. E. 10, 46 (procul often also with simple abl.;

    v. procul): cum esset in Italia bellum tam prope a Sicilia, tamen in Sicilia non fuit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6; cf.:

    tu apud socrum tuam prope a meis aedibus sedebas,

    id. Pis. 11, 26; and:

    tam prope ab domo detineri,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 6.—So in Caesar and Livy, with numerals to designate the measure of the distance:

    onerariae naves, quae ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo vento tenebatur,

    eight miles distant, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 4; and without mentioning the terminus a quo: ad castra contenderunt, et ab milibus passunm minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off or distant, id. ib. 2, 7, 3; so id. ib. 2, 5, 32; 6, 7, 3; id. B. C. 1, 65; Liv. 38, 20, 2 (for which:

    duo milia fere et quingentos passus ab hoste posuerunt castra,

    id. 37, 38, 5). —
    3.
    To denote the side or direction from which an object is viewed in its local relations,=a parte, at, on, in: utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus? Enn. ap. Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (Trag. v. 38 Vahl.); cf.:

    picus et cornix ab laeva, corvos, parra ab dextera consuadent,

    Plaut. As. 2, 1, 12: clamore ab ea parte audito. on this side, Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 4: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, id. ib. 1, 1, 5:

    pleraque Alpium ab Italia sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt,

    on the Italian side, Liv. 21, 35, 11:

    non eadem diligentia ab decumuna porta castra munita,

    at the main entrance, Caes. B. G. 3, 25 fin.:

    erat a septentrionibus collis,

    on the north, id. ib. 7, 83, 2; so, ab oriente, a meridie, ab occasu; a fronte, a latere, a tergo, etc. (v. these words).
    II.
    Fig.
    A.
    In time.
    1.
    From a [p. 3] point of time, without reference to the period subsequently elapsed. After:

    Exul ab octava Marius bibit,

    Juv. 1,40:

    mulieres jam ab re divin[adot ] adparebunt domi,

    immediately after the sucrifice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 4:

    Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

    ab hac contione legati missi sunt,

    immediately after, Liv. 24, 22, 6; cf. id. 28, 33, 1; 40, 47, 8; 40, 49, 1 al.:

    ab eo magistratu,

    after this office, Sall. J. 63, 5:

    a summa spe novissima exspectabat,

    after the greatest hope, Tac. A. 6, 50 fin. —Strengthened by the adverbs primum, confestim, statim, protinus, or the adj. recens, immediately after, soon after:

    ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni,

    Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4; so Suet. Tib. 68:

    confestim a proelio expugnatis hostium castris,

    Liv. 30, 36, 1:

    statim a funere,

    Suet. Caes. 85;

    and followed by statim: ab itinere statim,

    id. ib. 60:

    protinus ab adoptione,

    Vell. 2, 104, 3:

    Homerus qui recens ab illorum actate fuit,

    soon after their time, Cic. N. D. 3, 5; so Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 2; Verg. A. 6, 450 al. (v. also primum, confestim, etc.).—

    Sometimes with the name of a person or place, instead of an action: ibi mihi tuae litterae binae redditae sunt tertio abs te die,

    i. e. after their departure from you, Cic. Att. 5, 3, 1: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine Nov[adot ], i. e. after leaving (=postquam a Carthagine profecti sunt), Liv. 21, 38, 1:

    secundo Punico (bello) Scipionis classis XL. die a securi navigavit,

    i. e. after its having been built, Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192. —Hence the poct. expression: ab his, after this (cf. ek toutôn), i. e. after these words, hereupon, Ov. M. 3, 273; 4, 329; 8, 612; 9, 764.
    2.
    With reference to a subsequent period. From, since, after:

    ab hora tertia bibebatur,

    from the third hour, Cic. Phil. 2, 41:

    infinito ex tempore, non ut antea, ab Sulla et Pompeio consulibus,

    since the consulship of, id. Agr. 2, 21, 56:

    vixit ab omni aeternitate,

    from all eternity, id. Div. 1, 51, 115:

    cum quo a condiscipulatu vivebat conjunctissime,

    Nep. Att. 5, 3:

    in Lycia semper a terrae motu XL. dies serenos esse,

    after an earthquake, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211 al.:

    centesima lux est haec ab interitu P. Clodii,

    since the death of, Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.:

    cujus a morte quintus hic et tricesimus annus est,

    id. Sen. 6, 19; and:

    ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumiun annum,

    since, Sall. C. 47, 2:

    diebus triginta, a qua die materia caesa est,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 36.—Sometimes joined with usque and inde:

    quod augures omnes usque ab Romulo decreverunt,

    since the time of, Cic. Vat. 8, 20:

    jam inde ab infelici pugna ceciderant animi,

    from the very beginning of, Liv. 2, 65 fin. —Hence the adverbial expressions ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first; v. initium, principium, primus. Likewise ab integro, anew, afresh; v. integer.—Ab... ad, from (a time)... to:

    ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

    Cic. Att. 7, 8, 4; cf.:

    cum ab hora septima ad vesperum pugnatum sit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 2; and:

    a quo tempore ad vos consules anni sunt septingenti octoginta unus,

    Vell. 1, 8, 4; and so in Plautus strengthened by usque:

    pugnata pugnast usque a mane ad vesperum,

    from morning to evening, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97; id. Most. 3, 1, 3; 3, 2, 80.—Rarely ab... in: Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie, from... till late in the day, Liv. 27, 2, 9; so Col. 2, 10, 17; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 2, 103, 106, § 229; 4, 12, 26, § 89.
    b.
    Particularly with nouns denoting a time of life:

    qui homo cum animo inde ab ineunte aetate depugnat suo,

    from an early age, from early youth, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 24; so Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44 al.:

    mihi magna cum co jam inde a pueritia fuit semper famillaritas,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9; so,

    a pueritia,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 27 fin.; id. Fam. 5, 8, 4:

    jam inde ab adulescentia,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 16:

    ab adulescentia,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 1:

    jam a prima adulescentia,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 23:

    ab ineunte adulescentia,

    id. ib. 13, 21, 1; cf.

    followed by ad: usque ad hanc aetatem ab incunte adulescentia,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 20:

    a primis temporibus aetatis,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:

    a teneris unguiculis,

    from childhood, id. ib. 1, 6, 2:

    usque a toga pura,

    id. Att. 7, 8, 5:

    jam inde ab incunabulis,

    Liv. 4, 36, 5:

    a prima lanugine,

    Suet. Oth. 12:

    viridi ab aevo,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17 al.;

    rarely of animals: ab infantia,

    Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 182.—Instead of the nom. abstr. very often (like the Greek ek paioôn, etc.) with concrete substantives: a pucro, ab adulescente, a parvis, etc., from childhood, etc.:

    qui olim a puero parvulo mihi paedagogus fuerat,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 90; so,

    a pausillo puero,

    id. Stich. 1, 3, 21:

    a puero,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 115; id. Fam. 13, 16, 4 (twice) al.:

    a pueris,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2 al.:

    ab adulescente,

    id. Quint. 3, 12:

    ab infante,

    Col. 1, 8, 2:

    a parva virgine,

    Cat. 66, 26 al. —Likewise and in the same sense with adject.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, Liv. 1, 39, 6 fin.; cf.:

    a parvis,

    Ter. And. 3, 3, 7; Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:

    a parvulo,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 8; id. Ad. 1, 1, 23; cf.:

    ab parvulis,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3:

    ab tenero,

    Col. 5, 6, 20;

    and rarely of animals: (vacca) a bima aut trima fructum ferre incipit,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 13.
    B.
    In other relations in which the idea of going forth, proceeding, from something is included.
    1.
    In gen. to denote departure, separation, deterring, avoiding, intermitting, etc., or distance, difference, etc., of inanimate or abstract things. From: jus atque aecum se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):

    suspitionem et culpam ut ab se segregent,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 42:

    qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:

    hic ab artificio suo non recessit,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 20 al.:

    quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:

    condicionem quam ab te peto,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 87; cf.:

    mercedem gloriae flagitas ab iis, quorum, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:

    si quid ab illo acceperis,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90:

    quae (i. e. antiquitas) quo propius aberat ab ortu et divina progenie,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

    ab defensione desistere,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 12, 4:

    ne quod tempus ab opere intermitteretur,

    id. B. G. 7, 24, 2:

    ut homines adulescentis a dicendi studio deterream,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 117, etc.—Of distance (in order, rank, mind, or feeling):

    qui quartus ab Arcesila fuit,

    the fourth in succession from, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 46:

    tu nunc eris alter ab illo,

    next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49; cf.:

    Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus,

    next in rank to, Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

    quid hoc ab illo differt,

    from, Cic. Caecin. 14, 39; cf.:

    hominum vita tantum distat a victu et cultu bestiarum,

    id. Off. 2, 4, 15; and:

    discrepare ab aequitate sapientiam,

    id. Rep. 3, 9 fin. (v. the verbs differo, disto, discrepo, dissideo, dissentio, etc.):

    quae non aliena esse ducerem a dignitate,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7:

    alieno a te animo fuit,

    id. Deiot. 9, 24 (v. alienus). —So the expression ab re (qs. aside from the matter, profit; cf. the opposite, in rem), contrary to one's profit, to a loss, disadvantageous (so in the affirmative very rare and only ante-class.):

    subdole ab re consulit,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12; cf. id. Capt. 2, 2, 88; more frequently and class. (but not with Cicero) in the negative, non, haud, ab re, not without advantage or profit, not useless or unprofitable, adcantageous:

    haut est ab re aucupis,

    Plaut. As. 1, 3, 71:

    non ab re esse Quinctii visum est,

    Liv. 35, 32, 6; so Plin. 27, 8, 35; 31, 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Dom. 11; Gell. 18, 14 fin.; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 31, 22 al. (but in Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 44, ab re means with respect to the money matter).
    2.
    In partic.
    a.
    To denote an agent from whom an action proceeds, or by whom a thing is done or takes place. By, and in archaic and solemn style, of. So most frequently with pass. or intrans. verbs with pass. signif., when the active object is or is considered as a living being: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro, Naev. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67: injuria abs te afficior, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:

    a patre deductus ad Scaevolam,

    Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

    ut tamquam a praesentibus coram haberi sermo videretur,

    id. ib. 1, 3:

    disputata ab eo,

    id. ib. 1, 4 al.:

    illa (i. e. numerorum ac vocum vis) maxime a Graecia vetere celebrata,

    id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

    ita generati a natura sumus,

    id. Off. 1, 29, 103; cf.:

    pars mundi damnata a rerum natura,

    Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 88:

    niagna adhibita cura est a providentia deorum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 51 al. —With intrans. verbs:

    quae (i. e. anima) calescit ab eo spiritu,

    is warmed by this breath, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138; cf. Ov. M. 1, 417: (mare) qua a sole collucet, Cic. Ac. 2, 105:

    salvebis a meo Cicerone,

    i. e. young Cicero sends his compliments to you, id. Att. 6, 2 fin.:

    a quibus (Atheniensibus) erat profectus,

    i. e. by whose command, Nep. Milt. 2, 3:

    ne vir ab hoste cadat,

    Ov. H. 9, 36 al. —A substantive or adjective often takes the place of the verb (so with de, q. v.):

    levior est plaga ab amico quam a debitore,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7; cf.:

    a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus,

    id. Off. 2, 6, 19:

    si calor est a sole,

    id. N. D. 2, 52:

    ex iis a te verbis (for a te scriptis),

    id. Att. 16, 7, 5:

    metu poenae a Romanis,

    Liv. 32, 23, 9:

    bellum ingens a Volscis et Aequis,

    id. 3, 22, 2:

    ad exsolvendam fldem a consule,

    id. 27, 5, 6.—With an adj.:

    lassus ab equo indomito,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 10:

    Murus ab ingenic notior ille tuo,

    Prop. 5, 1, 126:

    tempus a nostris triste malis,

    time made sad by our misfortunes, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 36.—Different from per:

    vulgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus?

    by whom and upon whose orders? Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 80 (cf. id. ib. 34, 97: cujus consilio occisus sit, invenio; cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro); so,

    ab hoc destitutus per Thrasybulum (i. e. Thrasybulo auctore),

    Nep. Alc. 5, 4.—Ambiguity sometimes arises from the fact that the verb in the pass. would require ab if used in the active:

    si postulatur a populo,

    if the people demand it, Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58, might also mean, if it is required of the people; on the contrary: quod ab eo (Lucullo) laus imperatoria non admodum exspectabatur, not since he did not expect military renown, but since they did not expect military renown from him, Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2, and so often; cf. Rudd. II. p. 213. (The use of the active dative, or dative of the agent, instead of ab with the pass., is well known, Zumpt, § 419. It is very seldom found in prose writers of the golden age of Roman liter.; with Cic. sometimes joined with the participles auditus, cognitus, constitutus, perspectus, provisus, susceptus; cf. Halm ad Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71, and ad ejusdem, Cat. 1, 7 fin.; but freq. at a later period; e. g. in Pliny, in Books 2-4 of H. N., more than twenty times; and likewise in Tacitus seventeen times. Vid. the passages in Nipperd. ad Tac. A. 2, 49.) Far more unusual is the simple abl. in the designation of persons:

    deseror conjuge,

    Ov. H. 12, 161; so id. ib. 5, 75; id. M. 1, 747; Verg. A. 1, 274; Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; 1, 6, 2;

    and in prose,

    Quint. 3, 4, 2; Sen. Contr. 2, 1; Curt. 6, 7, 8; cf. Rudd. II. p. 212; Zumpt ad Quint. V. p. 122 Spalding.—Hence the adverbial phrase a se=uph heautou, sua sponte, of one's own uccord, spontaneously:

    ipsum a se oritur et sua sponte nascitur,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 78:

    (urna) ab se cantat quoja sit,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 21 (al. eapse; cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 66); so Col. 11, 1, 5; Liv. 44, 33, 6.
    b.
    With names of towns to denote origin, extraction, instead of gentile adjectives. From, of:

    pastores a Pergamide,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 1:

    Turnus ab Aricia,

    Liv. 1, 50, 3 (for which Aricinus, id. 1, 51, 1):

    obsides dant trecentos principum a Cora atque Pometia liberos,

    Liv. 2, 22, 2; and poet.: O longa mundi servator ab Alba, Auguste, thou who art descended from the old Alban race of kings (=oriundus, or ortus regibus Albanis), Prop. 5, 6, 37.
    c.
    In giving the etymology of a name: eam rem (sc. legem, Gr. nomon) illi Graeco putant nomine a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam, ego nostro a legendo, Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19: annum intervallum regni fuit: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, Liv. 1, 17, 6:

    (sinus maris) ab nomine propinquae urbis Ambracius appellatus,

    id. 38, 4, 3; and so Varro in his Ling. Lat., and Pliny, in Books 1-5 of H. N., on almost every page. (Cf. also the arts. ex and de.)
    d.
    With verbs of beginning and repeating: a summo bibere, in Plaut. to drink in succession from the one at the head of the table:

    da, puere, ab summo,

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; so,

    da ab Delphio cantharum circum, id Most. 1, 4, 33: ab eo nobis causa ordienda est potissimum,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 21:

    coepere a fame mala,

    Liv. 4, 12, 7:

    cornicem a cauda de ovo exire,

    tail-foremost, Plin. 10, 16, 18:

    a capite repetis, quod quaerimus,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18 al.
    e.
    With verbs of freeing from, defending, or protecting against any thing:

    a foliis et stercore purgato,

    Cato, R. R. 65 (66), 1:

    tantumne ab re tuast oti tibi?

    Ter. Heaut. 1, [p. 4] 1, 23; cf.:

    Saguntini ut a proeliis quietem habuerant,

    Liv. 21, 11, 5:

    expiandum forum ab illis nefarii sceleris vestigiis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:

    haec provincia non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis est defendenda,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14 (v. defendo):

    ab incendio urbem vigiliis munitam intellegebat,

    Sall. C. 32:

    ut neque sustinere se a lapsu possent,

    Liv. 21, 35, 12:

    ut meam domum metueret atque a me ipso caveret,

    Cic. Sest. 64, 133.
    f.
    With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping, and the like, ab =a parte, as, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4: cum eadem metuam ab hac parte, since I fear the same from this side; hence, timere, metuere ab aliquo, not, to be afraid of any one, but, to fear something (proceeding from) from him:

    el metul a Chryside,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 79; cf.:

    ab Hannibale metuens,

    Liv. 23, 36; and:

    metus a praetore,

    id. 23, 15, 7;

    v. Weissenb. ad h. l.: a quo quidem genere, judices, ego numquam timui,

    Cic. Sull. 20, 59:

    postquam nec ab Romanis robis ulla est spes,

    you can expect nothing from the Romans, Liv. 21, 13, 4.
    g.
    With verbs of fastening and holding:

    funiculus a puppi religatus,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154:

    cum sinistra capillum ejus a vertice teneret,

    Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 3.
    h.
    Ulcisci se ab aliquo, to take vengeance on one:

    a ferro sanguis humanus se ulciscitur,

    Plin. 34, 14, 41 fin.
    i.
    Cognoscere ab aliqua re to knoio or learn by means of something (different from ab aliquo, to learn from some one):

    id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 22.
    j.
    Dolere, laborare, valere ab, instead of the simple abl.:

    doleo ab animo, doleo ab oculis, doleo ab aegritudine,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 62:

    a morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,

    id. Ep. 1, 2, 26; cf. id. Aul. 2, 2, 9:

    a frigore et aestu ne quid laborent,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17; so,

    a frigore laborantibus,

    Plin. 32, 10, 46, § 133; cf.:

    laborare ab re frumentaria,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1; id. B. C. 3, 9; v. laboro.
    k.
    Where verbs and adjectives are joined with ab, instead of the simple abl., ab defines more exactly the respect in which that which is expressed by the verb or adj. is to be understood, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of:

    ab ingenio improbus,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:

    a me pudica'st,

    id. Curc. 1, 1, 51:

    orba ab optimatibus contio,

    Cic. Fl. 23, 54; ro Ov. H. 6,156: securos vos ab hac parte reddemus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24 fin. (v. securus):

    locus copiosus a frumento,

    Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2; cf.:

    sumus imparati cum a militibas tum a pecunia,

    id. ib. 7, 15 fin.:

    ille Graecus ab omni laude felicior,

    id. Brut. 16, 63:

    ab una parte haud satis prosperuin,

    Liv. 1, 32, 2 al.;

    so often in poets ab arte=arte,

    artfully, Tib. 1, 5, 4; 1, 9, 66; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 30.
    l.
    In the statement of the motive instead of ex, propter, or the simple abl. causae, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: ab singulari amore scribo, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B fin.:

    linguam ab irrisu exserentem,

    thrusting out the tongue in derision, Liv. 7, 10, 5:

    ab honore,

    id. 1, 8; so, ab ira, a spe, ab odio, v. Drak. ad Liv. 24, 30, 1: 26, 1, 3; cf. also Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 31, 3, and Fabri ad Liv. 21, 36, 7.
    m.
    Especially in the poets instead of the gen.:

    ab illo injuria,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 129:

    fulgor ab auro,

    Lucr. 2, 5:

    dulces a fontibus undae,

    Verg. G. 2, 243.
    n.
    In indicating a part of the whole, for the more usual ex, of, out of:

    scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

    nonnuill ab novissimis,

    id. ib.; Cic. Sest. 65, 137; cf. id. ib. 59 fin.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).
    o.
    In marking that from which any thing proceeds, and to which it belongs:

    qui sunt ab ea disciplina,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 7:

    ab eo qui sunt,

    id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:

    nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt,

    id. Mur. 30, 63 (in imitation of oi upo tinos).
    p.
    To designate an office or dignity (with or without servus; so not freq. till after the Aug. period;

    in Cic. only once): Pollex, servus a pedibus meus,

    one of my couriers, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1; so,

    a manu servus,

    a secretary, Suet. Caes. 74: Narcissum ab eplstulis ( secretary) et Pallantem a rationibus ( accountant), id. Claud. 28; and so, ab actis, ab admissione, ab aegris, ab apotheca, ab argento, a balneis, a bibliotheca, a codicillis, a jumentis, a potione, etc. (v. these words and Inscr. Orell. vol. 3, Ind. xi. p. 181 sq.).
    q.
    The use of ab before adverbs is for the most part peculiar to later Latinity:

    a peregre,

    Vitr. 5, 7 (6), 8:

    a foris,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37; Vulg. Gen, 7, 16; ib. Matt. 23, 27:

    ab intus,

    ib. ib. 7, 15:

    ab invicem,

    App. Herb. 112; Vulg. Matt. 25, 32; Cypr. Ep. 63, 9: Hier. Ep. 18:

    a longe,

    Hyg. Fab. 257; Vulg. Gen. 22, 4; ib. Matt. 26, 58:

    a modo,

    ib. ib. 23, 39;

    Hier. Vit. Hilar.: a nune,

    Vulg. Luc. 1, 48:

    a sursum,

    ib. Marc. 15, 38.
    a.
    Ab is not repeated like most other prepositions (v. ad, ex, in, etc.) with pron. interrog. or relat. after subst. and pron. demonstr. with ab:

    Arsinoen, Stratum, Naupactum...fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc.,

    Cic. Pis. 37, 91:

    a rebus gerendis senectus abstrahit. Quibus? An iis, quae in juventute geruntur et viribus?

    id. Sen. 6:

    a Jove incipiendum putat. Quo Jove?

    id. Rep. 1, 36, 56:

    res publica, quascumque vires habebit, ab iis ipsis, quibus tenetur, de te propediem impetrabit,

    id. Fam. 4, 13, 5.—
    b.
    Ab in Plantus is once put after the word which it governs: quo ab, As. 1, 1, 106.—
    c.
    It is in various ways separated from the word which it governs:

    a vitae periculo,

    Cic. Brut. 91, 313:

    a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo,

    id. Arch. 6, 12:

    a minus bono,

    Sall. C. 2, 6:

    a satis miti principio,

    Liv. 1, 6, 4:

    damnis dives ab ipsa suis,

    Ov. H. 9, 96; so id. ib. 12, 18; 13, 116.—
    d.
    The poets join a and que, making aque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.):

    aque Chao,

    Verg. G. 4, 347:

    aque mero,

    Ov. M. 3, 631:

    aque viro,

    id. H. 6, 156:

    aque suis,

    id. Tr. 5, 2, 74 al. But:

    a meque,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:

    abs teque,

    id. Att. 3, 15, 4:

    a teque,

    id. ib. 8, 11, §

    7: a primaque adulescentia,

    id. Brut. 91, 315 al. —
    e.
    A Greek noun joined with ab stands in the dat.: a parte negotiati, hoc est pragmatikê, removisse, Quint. 3, 7, 1.
    III.
    In composition ab,
    1.
    Retains its original signif.: abducere, to take or carry away from some place: abstrahere, to draw auay; also, downward: abicere, to throw down; and denoting a departure from the idea of the simple word, it has an effect apparently privative: absimilis, departing from the similar, unlike: abnormis, departing from the rule, unusual (different from dissimilis, enormis); and so also in amens=a mente remotus, alienus ( out of one's senses, without self-control, insane): absurdus, missounding, then incongruous, irrational: abutor (in one of its senses), to misuse: aborior, abortus, to miscarry: abludo; for the privative force the Latin regularly employs in-, v. 2. in.—
    2.
    It more rarely designates completeness, as in absorbere, abutor ( to use up). (The designation of the fourth generation in the ascending or descending line by ab belongs here only in appearance; as abavus for quartus pater, great-great-grandfather, although the Greeks introduced upopappos; for the immutability of the syllable ab in abpatrnus and abmatertera, as well as the signif. Of the word abavus, grandfather's grandfather, imitated in abnepos, grandchild's grandchild, seems to point to a derivation from avi avus, as Festus, p. 13 Mull., explains atavus, by atta avi, or, rather, attae avus.)

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ab

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