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forms+with

  • 1 Forms of address

    Only those forms of address in frequent use are included here ; titles of members of the nobility or of church dignitaries are not covered ; for the use of military ranks as titlesMilitary ranks and titles.
    Speaking to someone
    Where English puts the surname after the title, French normally uses the title alone (note that when speaking to someone, French does not use a capital letter for monsieur, madame and mademoiselle, unlike English Mr etc., nor for titles such as docteur).
    good morning, Mr Johnson
    = bonjour, monsieur
    good evening, Mrs Jones
    = bonsoir, madame
    goodbye, Miss Smith
    = au revoir, mademoiselle
    The French monsieur and madame tend to be used more often than the English Mr X or Mrs Y. Also, in English, people often say simply Good morning or Excuse me ; in the equivalent situation in French, they might say Bonjour, monsieur or Pardon, madame. However, the French are slower than the British, and much slower than the Americans, to use someone’s first name, so hi there, Peter! to a colleague may well be simply bonjour!, or bonjour, monsieur ; bonjour, cher ami ; bonjour, mon vieux etc., depending on the degree of familiarity that exists.
    In both languages, other titles are also used, e.g.:
    hallo, Dr. Brown or hallo, Doctor
    = bonjour, docteur
    In some cases where titles are not used in English, they are used in French, e.g. bonjour, Monsieur le directeur or bonjour, Madame la directrice to a head teacher, or bonjour, maître to a lawyer of either sex. Other titles, such as professeur ( in the sense of professor), are used much less than their English equivalents in direct address. Where in English one might say Good morning, Professor, in French one would probably say Bonjour, monsieur or Bonjour, madame.
    Titles of important positions are used in direct forms of address, preceded by Monsieur le or Madame le or Madame la, as in:
    yes, Chair
    = oui, Monsieur le président or (to a woman) oui, Madame la présidente
    yes, Minister
    = oui, Monsieur le ministre or (to a woman) oui, Madame le ministre
    Note the use of Madame le when the noun in question, like ministre here, or professeur and other titles, has no feminine form, or no acceptable feminine. A woman Member of Parliament is addressed as Madame le député, a woman Senator Madame le sénateur, a woman judge Madame le juge and a woman mayor Madame le maire. Women often prefer the masculine word even when a feminine form does exist, as in Madame l’ambassadeur to a woman ambassador, Madame l’ambassadrice being reserved for the wife of an ambassador.
    Speaking about someone
    Mr Smith is here
    = monsieur Smith est là
    Mrs Jones phoned
    = madame Jones a téléphoné
    Miss Black has arrived
    = mademoiselle Black est arrivée
    Ms Brown has left
    = madame Brown or (as appropriate) mademoiselle Brown est partie
    (French has no equivalent of Ms.)
    When the title accompanies someone’s name, the definite article must be used in French:
    Dr Blake has arrived
    = le docteur Blake est arrivé
    Professor Jones spoke
    = le professeur Jones a parlé
    This is true of all titles:
    Prince Charles
    = le prince Charles
    Princess Marie
    = la princesse Marie
    Note that with royal etc. titles, only 1er is spoken as an ordinal number (premier) in French ; unlike English, all the others are spoken as cardinal numbers (deux, trois, and so on).
    King Richard I
    = le roi Richard 1er ( say Richard premier)
    Queen Elizabeth II
    = la reine Elizabeth II ( say Elizabeth deux)
    Pope John XXIII
    = le pape Jean XXIII ( say Jean vingt-trois)

    Big English-French dictionary > Forms of address

  • 2 Usage note : you

    In English you is used to address everybody, whereas French has two forms: tu and vous. The usual word to use when you are speaking to anyone you do not know very well is vous. This is sometimes called the polite form and is used for the subject, object, indirect object and emphatic pronoun:
    would you like some coffee?
    = voulez-vous du café?
    can I help you?
    = est-ce que je peux vous aider?
    what can I do for you?
    = qu’est-ce que je peux faire pour vous?
    The more informal pronoun tu is used between close friends and family members, within groups of children and young people, by adults when talking to children and always when talking to animals ; tu is the subject form, the direct and indirect object form is te (t’ before a vowel) and the form for emphatic use or use after a preposition is toi:
    would you like some coffee?
    = veux-tu du café?
    can I help you?
    = est-ce que je peux t’aider?
    there’s a letter for you
    = il y a une lettre pour toi
    As a general rule, when talking to a French person use vous, wait to see how they address you and follow suit. It is safer to wait for the French person to suggest using tu. The suggestion will usually be phrased as on se tutoie? or on peut se tutoyer?
    Note that tu is only a singular pronoun and vous is the plural form of tu.
    Remember that in French the object and indirect object pronouns are always placed before the verb:
    she knows you
    = elle vous connaît or elle te connaît
    In compound tenses like the present perfect and the past perfect, the past participle agrees in number and gender with the direct object:
    I saw you on Saturday
    (to one male: polite form)
    = je vous ai vu samedi
    (to one female: polite form)
    = je vous ai vue samedi
    (to one male: informal form)
    = je t’ai vu samedi
    (to one female: informal form)
    = je t’ai vue samedi
    (to two or more people, male or mixed)
    = je vous ai vus samedi
    (to two or more females)
    = je vous ai vues samedi
    When you is used impersonally as the more informal form of one, it is translated by on for the subject form and by vous or te for the object form, depending on whether the comment is being made amongst friends or in a more formal context:
    you can do as you like here
    = on peut faire ce qu’on veut ici
    these mushrooms can make you ill
    = ces champignons peuvent vous rendre malade or ces champignons peuvent te rendre malade
    you could easily lose your bag here
    = on pourrait facilement perdre son sac ici
    Note that your used with on is translated by son/sa/ses according to the gender and number of the noun that follows.
    For verb forms with vous, tu and on see the French verb tables.
    For particular usages see the entry you.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : you

  • 3 Towns and cities

    Occasionally the gender of a town is clear because the name includes the definite article, e.g. Le Havre or La Rochelle. In most other cases, there is some hesitation, and it is always safer to avoid the problem by using la ville de:
    Toulouse is beautiful
    = la ville de Toulouse est belle
    In, to and from somewhere
    For in and to with the name of a town, use à in French ; if the French name includes the definite article, à will become au, à la, à l’ or aux:
    to live in Toulouse
    = vivre à Toulouse
    to go to Toulouse
    = aller à Toulouse
    to live in Le Havre
    = vivre au Havre
    to go to Le Havre
    = aller au Havre
    to live in La Rochelle
    = vivre à La Rochelle
    to go to La Rochelle
    = aller à La Rochelle
    to live in Les Arcs
    = vivre aux Arcs
    to go to Les Arcs
    = aller aux Arcs
    Similarly, from is de, becoming du, de la, de l’ or des when it combines with the definite article in town names:
    to come from Toulouse
    = venir de Toulouse
    to come from Le Havre
    = venir du Havre
    to come from La Rochelle
    = venir de La Rochelle
    to come from Les Arcs
    = venir des Arcs
    Belonging to a town or city
    English sometimes has specific words for people of a certain city or town, such as Londoners, New Yorkers or Parisians, but mostly we talk of the people of Leeds or the inhabitants of San Francisco. On the other hand, most towns in French-speaking countries have a corresponding adjective and noun, and a list of the best-known of these is given at the end of this note.
    The noun forms, spelt with a capital letter, mean a person from X:
    the inhabitants of Bordeaux
    = les Bordelais mpl
    the people of Strasbourg
    = les Strasbourgeois mpl
    The adjective forms, spelt with a small letter, are often used where in English the town name is used as an adjective:
    Paris shops
    = les magasins parisiens
    However, some of these French words are fairly rare, and it is always safe to say les habitants de X, or, for the adjective, simply de X. Here are examples of this, using some of the nouns that commonly combine with the names of towns:
    a Bordeaux accent
    = un accent de Bordeaux
    Toulouse airport
    = l’aéroport de Toulouse
    the La Rochelle area
    = la région de La Rochelle
    Limoges buses
    = les autobus de Limoges
    the Le Havre City Council
    = le conseil municipal du Havre
    Lille representatives
    = les représentants de Lille
    Les Arcs restaurants
    = les restaurants des Arcs
    the Geneva road
    = la route de Genève
    Brussels streets
    = les rues de Bruxelles
    the Angers team
    = l’équipe d’Angers
    the Avignon train
    = le train d’Avignon
    but note
    Orleans traffic
    = la circulation à Orléans
    Names of cities and towns in French-speaking countries and their adjectives
    Remember that when these adjectives are used as nouns, meaning a person from X or the people of X, they are spelt with capital letters.
    Aix-en-Provence = aixois(e)
    Alger = algérois(e)
    Angers = angevin(e)
    Arles = arlésien(ne)
    Auxerre = auxerrois(e)
    Avignon = avignonnais(e)
    Bastia = bastiais(e)
    Bayonne = bayonnais(e)
    Belfort = belfortain(e)
    Berne = bernois(e)
    Besançon = bisontin(e)
    Béziers = biterrois(e)
    Biarritz = biarrot(e)
    Bordeaux = bordelais(e)
    Boulogne-sur-Mer = boulonnais(e)
    Bourges = berruyer(-ère)
    Brest = brestois(e)
    Bruges = brugeois(e)
    Bruxelles = bruxellois(e)
    Calais = calaisien(ne)
    Cannes = cannais(e)
    Carcassonne = carcassonnais(e)
    Chambéry = chambérien(ne)
    Chamonix = chamoniard(e)
    Clermont-Ferrand = clermontois(e)
    Die = diois(e)
    Dieppe = dieppois(e)
    Dijon = dijonnais(e)
    Dunkerque = dunkerquois(e)
    Fontainebleau = bellifontain(e)
    Gap = gapençais(e)
    Genève = genevois(e)
    Grenoble = grenoblois(e)
    Havre, Le = havrais(e)
    Lens = lensois(e)
    Liège = liégeois(e)
    Lille = lillois(e)
    Lourdes = lourdais(e)
    Luxembourg = luxembourgeois(e)
    Lyon = lyonnais(e)
    Mâcon = mâconnais(e)
    Marseille = marseillais(e) or phocéen(ne)
    Metz = messin(e)
    Modane = modanais(e)
    Montpellier = montpelliérain(e)
    Montréal = montréalais(e)
    Moulins = moulinois(e)
    Mulhouse = mulhousien(ne)
    Nancy = nancéien(ne)
    Nantes = nantais(e)
    Narbonne = narbonnais(e)
    Nevers = nivernais(e)
    Nice = niçois(e)
    Nîmes = nîmois(e)
    Orléans = orléanais(e)
    Paris = parisien(ne)
    Pau = palois(e)
    Périgueux = périgourdin(e)
    Perpignan = perpignanais(e)
    Poitiers = poitevin(e)
    Pont-à-Mousson = mussipontain(e)
    Québec = québécois(e)
    Reims = rémois(e)
    Rennes = rennais(e)
    Roanne = roannais(e)
    Rouen = rouennais(e)
    Saint-Étienne = stéphanois(e)
    Saint-Malo = malouin(e)
    Saint-Tropez = tropézien(ne)
    Sancerre = sancerrois(e)
    Sète = sétois(e)
    Sochaux = sochalien(ne)
    Strasbourg = strasbourgeois(e)
    Tarascon = tarasconnais(e)
    Tarbes = tarbais(e)
    Toulon = toulonnais(e)
    Toulouse = toulousain(e)
    Tours = tourangeau(-elle)
    Tunis = tunisois(e)
    Valence = valentinois(e)
    Valenciennes = valenciennois(e)
    Versailles = versaillais(e)
    Vichy = vichyssois(e)

    Big English-French dictionary > Towns and cities

  • 4 be

    present tense am [ʌm], are [a:], is [ɪz]; past tense was [woz], were [w†:]; present participle 'being; past participle been [bi:n, (·meriцan) bɪn]; subjunctive were [w†:]; short forms I'm [aim] (I am), you're [ju†] (you are), he's [hi:z] (he is), she's [ʃi:z] (she is), it's [ɪ ] (it is), we're [wi†] (we are), they're [Ɵe†] (they are); negative short forms isn't (is not), aren't [a:nt] (are not), wasn't (was not), weren't [w†:nt] (were not)
    1) (used with a present participle to form the progressive or continuous tenses: I'm reading; I am being followed; What were you saying?.) être
    2) (used with a present participle to form a type of future tense: I'm going to London.)
    3) (used with a past participle to form the passive voice: He was shot.) être
    4) (used with an infinitive to express several ideas, eg necessity (When am I to leave?), purpose (The letter is to tell us he's coming), a possible future happening (If he were to lose, I'd win) etc.) devoir; aller
    5) (used in giving or asking for information about something or someone: I am Mr Smith; Is he alive?; She wants to be an actress; The money will be ours; They are being silly.) être
    - the be-all and end-all

    English-French dictionary > be

  • 5 Time units

    = une seconde
    a minute
    = une minute
    an hour
    = une heure
    a day
    = un jour
    a week
    = une semaine
    a month
    = un mois
    a year
    = un an/une année
    a century
    = un siècle
    How long?
    Note the various ways of translating take into French.
    how long does it take?
    = combien de temps faut-il?
    it took me a week
    = cela m’a pris une semaine or il m’a fallu une semaine
    I took an hour to finish it
    = j’ai mis une heure pour le terminer
    it’ll only take a moment
    = c’est l’affaire de quelques instants
    Translate both spend and have as passer:
    to have a wonderful evening
    = passer une soirée merveilleuse
    to spend two days in Paris
    = passer deux jours à Paris
    Use dans for in when something is seen as happening in the future:
    I’ll be there in an hour
    = je serai là dans une heure
    in three weeks’ time
    = dans trois semaines
    Use en for in when expressing the time something took or will take:
    he did it in an hour
    = il l’a fait en une heure
    The commonest translation of for in the ‘how long’ sense is pendant:
    I worked in the factory for a year
    = j’ai travaillé à l’usine pendant un an
    But use pour for for when the length of time is seen as being still to come:
    we’re here for a month
    = nous sommes là pour un mois
    And use depuis for for when the action began in the past and is or was still going on:
    she has been here for a week
    = elle est ici depuis huit jours
    she had been there for a year
    = elle était là depuis un an
    I haven’t seen her for years
    = je ne l’ai pas vue depuis des années
    Note the use of de when expressing how long something lasted or will last:
    a two-minute delay
    = un retard de deux minutes
    an eight-hour day
    = une journée de huit heures
    five weeks’ pay
    = cinq semaines de salaire
    When?
    In the past
    when did it happen?
    = quand est-ce que c’est arrivé?
    two minutes ago
    = il y a deux minutes
    a month ago
    = il y a un mois
    years ago
    = il y a des années
    it’ll be a month ago on Tuesday
    = ça fera un mois mardi
    it’s years since he died
    = il y a des années qu’il est mort
    a month earlier
    = un mois plus tôt
    a month before
    = un mois avant or un mois auparavant
    the year before
    = l’année d’avant or l’année précédente
    the year after
    = l’année d’après or l’année suivante
    a few years later
    = quelques années plus tard
    after four days
    = au bout de quatre jours
    last week
    = la semaine dernière
    last month
    = le mois dernier
    last year
    = l’année dernière
    a week ago yesterday
    = il y a eu huit jours hier
    a week ago tomorrow
    = il y aura huit jours demain
    the week before last
    = il y a quinze jours
    over the past few months
    = au cours des derniers mois
    In the future
    when will you see him?
    = quand est-ce que tu le verras?
    in a few days
    = dans quelques jours (see also above, the phrases with in translated by dans)
    any day now
    = d’un jour à l’autre
    next week
    = la semaine prochaine
    next month
    = le mois prochain
    next year
    = l’année prochaine
    this coming week
    = la semaine qui vient or (more formally) au cours de la semaine à venir
    over the coming months
    = au cours des mois à venir
    a month from tomorrow
    = dans un mois demain
    How often?
    how often does it happen?
    = cela arrive tous les combien?
    every Thursday
    = tous les jeudis
    every week
    = toutes les semaines
    every year
    = tous les ans
    every second day
    = tous les deux jours
    every third month
    = tous les trois mois
    day after day
    = jour après jour
    year after year
    = année après année
    the last Thursday of the month
    = le dernier jeudi du mois
    twice a month
    = deux fois par mois
    once every three months
    = une fois tous les trois mois
    How much an hour (etc)?
    how much do you get an hour?
    = combien gagnez-vous de l’heure?
    I get $20
    = je gagne 20 dollars de l’heure
    to be paid $20 an hour
    = être payé 20 dollars de l’heure
    but note:
    to be paid by the hour
    = être payé à l’heure
    how much do you earn a month?
    = combien gagnez-vous par mois?
    $3,000 a month
    = 3000 dollars par mois
    Forms in -ée: an/année, matin/matinée etc.
    The -ée forms are often used to express a rather vague amount of time passing or spent in something, and so tend to give a subjective slant to what is being said, as in:
    a long day/evening/year
    = une longue journée/soirée/année
    a whole day
    = toute une journée or une journée entière
    we spent a lovely day there
    = nous y avons passé une journée merveilleuse
    When an exact number is specified, the shorter forms are generally used, as in:
    it lasted six days
    = cela a duré six jours
    two years’ military service
    = deux ans de service militaire
    However there is no strict rule that applies to all of these words. If in doubt, check in the dictionary.

    Big English-French dictionary > Time units

  • 6 live

    Ⅰ.
    live1 [lɪv]
    vivre1 (a), 1 (b), 1 (d), 1 (f), 2 habiter1 (c) se nourrir1 (e)
    plants need oxygen to live les plantes ont besoin d'oxygène pour vivre;
    as long as I live tant que je vivrai, de mon vivant;
    was she still living when her grandson was born? est-ce qu'elle était encore en vie quand son petit-fils est né?;
    he hasn't long to live il ne lui reste pas beaucoup de temps à vivre;
    she didn't live long after her son died elle n'a pas survécu longtemps à son fils;
    the doctors think she'll live les médecins pensent qu'elle vivra;
    ironic you'll live! tu n'en mourras pas!;
    I won't live to see them grow up je ne vivrai pas assez vieux pour les voir grandir;
    she'll live to be 100 elle vivra jusqu'à 100 ans, elle sera centenaire;
    we live in interesting times nous vivons une époque intéressante;
    to live on borrowed time être en sursis;
    to live to a ripe old age vivre vieux ou jusqu'à un âge avancé;
    figurative the dialogue is what makes the characters live ce sont les dialogues qui donnent de la vie aux personnages;
    your words will live in our hearts/memories vos paroles resteront à jamais dans nos cœurs/notre mémoire
    to live dangerously vivre dangereusement;
    familiar go on, live dangerously! allez, vas-y, on n'a qu'une vie!;
    to live well vivre bien;
    they lived happily ever after ils vécurent heureux jusqu'à la fin de leurs jours;
    he lives by the rules il mène une vie bien rangée;
    the rules we all live by les règles auxquelles nous nous plions tous;
    she lives for her children/for skiing elle ne vit que pour ses enfants/que pour le ski;
    he lived for music il ne vivait que pour la musique;
    we're living for the day we emigrate nous vivons dans l'attente du jour où nous émigrerons;
    she was living for the chance of revenge la perspective de vengeance était sa raison de vivre;
    to live in poverty/luxury vivre dans la pauvreté/le luxe;
    to live in fear vivre dans la peur;
    he lives in the past il vit dans le passé;
    we live in uncertain times nous vivons une époque incertaine;
    humorous he lives in that shirt! il a cette chemise sur le dos en permanence!;
    proverb live and let live! = il faut savoir faire preuve de tolérance!;
    well, you live and learn! on en apprend tous les jours!
    (c) (reside) habiter;
    where does she live? où habite-t-elle?;
    they have nowhere to live ils sont à la rue;
    the giant tortoise lives mainly in the Galapagos la tortue géante vit surtout aux Galapagos;
    they live in Rome ils habitent (à) Rome, ils vivent à Rome;
    I lived in France for a year j'ai vécu en France pendant un an;
    to live in a flat/a castle habiter (dans) un appartement/un château;
    she lives in a fifth-floor flat elle vit dans un appartement au cinquième étage;
    to live at Number 10 habiter au numéro 10;
    to live in the town/country habiter ou vivre en ville/à la campagne;
    I live in or on Bank Street j'habite Bank Street;
    they live in or on my street ils habitent (dans) ma rue;
    to live on the street être à la rue;
    she lives on the ground floor elle habite au rez-de-chaussée;
    he practically lives in or at the library il passe sa vie à la bibliothèque;
    do you live with your parents? habitez-vous chez vos parents?;
    old-fashioned or humorous to live in sin (with sb) vivre dans le péché (avec qn)
    they don't earn enough to live ils ne gagnent pas de quoi vivre;
    he lives by teaching il gagne sa vie en enseignant;
    the tribe lives by hunting la tribu vit de la chasse
    (e) (obtain food) se nourrir;
    we've been living out of cans or tins lately on se nourrit de conserves depuis quelque temps;
    he was reduced to living out of rubbish bins il en était réduit à fouiller les poubelles pour se nourrir
    (f) (exist fully, intensely) vivre;
    she really knows how to live elle sait vraiment profiter de la vie;
    let's live for the moment or for today! vivons l'instant présent!;
    I want to live a little je veux profiter de la vie;
    if you haven't been to New York, you haven't lived! si tu n'es jamais allé à New York, tu n'as rien vu!
    vivre;
    to live a life of poverty vivre dans la pauvreté;
    to live a life of luxury mener la grande vie;
    to live a solitary life mener une vie solitaire;
    to live a lie être dans une situation fausse;
    she lived the life of a film star for six years elle a vécu comme une star de cinéma pendant six ans;
    familiar to live it up faire la fête;
    my father lives and breathes golf mon père ne vit que pour le golf
    (recover from → error, disgrace, ridicule)
    they'll never let him live that down ils ne lui passeront ou pardonneront jamais cela;
    if I forget her birthday, I'll never live it down! si j'oublie son anniversaire, elle ne me le pardonnera jamais!;
    you'll never live this down! tu n'as pas fini d'en entendre parler!
    (a) (servant) être logé et nourri; (worker, nurse) être logé ou habiter sur place;
    all their farm hands live in tous leurs ouvriers agricoles sont logés sur place
    (b) (pupil) être interne
    (a) (sponge off) vivre aux crochets de;
    he lives off his parents il vit aux crochets de ses parents
    (b) (savings) vivre de; (nuts, berries) se nourrir de;
    they live off the fruit of other people's labours ils vivent du produit du travail d'autrui;
    to live off the land vivre de la terre
    live on
    (person) continuer à vivre; (custom, ideal) persister;
    she lived on to the end in the same house elle a vécu dans la même maison jusqu'à sa mort;
    his memory lives on son souvenir est encore vivant
    (a) (food) vivre de, se nourrir de;
    to live on fruit and vegetables vivre de fruits et de légumes
    (b) (salary) vivre de;
    it's not enough to live on ce n'est pas suffisant pour vivre;
    to earn enough to live on gagner de quoi vivre;
    how does she live on that salary? comment s'en sort-elle avec ce salaire?;
    his pension is all they have to live on ils n'ont que sa retraite pour vivre;
    to live on $800 a month vivre avec 800 dollars par mois
    to live on one's wits vivre d'expédients;
    to live on one's name vivre sur sa réputation
    (a) (spend) passer;
    she lived out the rest of her life in Spain elle a passé le reste de sa vie en Espagne
    (b) (fulfil) vivre;
    he lived out his destiny sa destinée s'est accomplie, il a suivi son destin;
    to live out one's fantasies réaliser ses rêves
    the maid lives out la bonne ne loge pas sur place;
    he studies here but lives out il est étudiant ici mais il n'habite pas sur le campus
    they live out of tins ils ne mangent que des conserves
    (experience → war, hard times etc) vivre, connaître; (survive → war, drought) survivre à;
    they've lived through war and famine ils ont connu la guerre et la famine;
    he's unlikely to live through the winter il est peu vraisemblable qu'il passe l'hiver
    (as a couple) vivre ensemble, cohabiter
    (name, reputation) se montrer à la hauteur de; (expectation) être ou se montrer à la hauteur de, répondre à;
    we have a reputation to live up to! nous avons une réputation à défendre!;
    it's too much for me to live up to on m'en demande trop;
    the holiday didn't live up to our expectations les vacances n'étaient pas à la hauteur de nos espérances
    (a) (cohabit with) vivre avec;
    she lived with him for a couple of years before they got married elle a vécu avec lui pendant quelques années avant qu'ils se marient
    she's not easy to live with elle n'est pas facile à vivre;
    I don't like the situation, but I have to live with it cette situation ne me plaît pas, mais je n'ai pas le choix;
    I couldn't live with myself if I didn't tell him the truth je ne supporterais pas de ne pas lui dire la vérité;
    you'll always live with the guilt la culpabilité vous poursuivra toute la vie;
    it's not ideal but I can live with it ce n'est pas l'idéal mais je m'y ferai
    ✾ Book ✾ Film 'You only live twice' Fleming, Gilbert 'On ne vit que deux fois'
    To live fast, die young and leave a beautiful corpse À l'origine, cette phrase provient du titre d'un film de 1949 mis en scène par Nicholas Ray intitulé Knock on Any Door ("Les Ruelles du malheur"), dont le personnage principal, un marginal joué par John Derek, voulait "vivre vite, mourir jeune et laisser un beau cadavre". Aujourd'hui cette formule est davantage associée aux personnages de rebelles qu'incarnaient James Dean et d'autres jeunes acteurs des années 50 et 60, et à la vie trépidante qu'ils menaient dans la réalité. Cette formule est généralement utilisée dans sa version tronquée ( live fast and die young) pour faire référence à un style de vie débridé. On dira par exemple I don't like these modern pop stars and their live fast, die young attitude ("je n'aime pas les vedettes de la musique pop d'aujourd'hui qui ne pensent qu'à s'amuser sans jamais penser aux conséquences").
    Ⅱ.
    live2 [laɪv]
    (a) (alive → animal, person) vivant;
    the live weight of the animal le poids de l'animal sur pied;
    they feed the snakes on live mice ils nourrissent les serpents de souris vivantes;
    familiar a real live cowboy un cow-boy, un vrai de vrai
    (b) Music, Radio & Television (programme, interview, concert) en direct;
    live pictures from Mars des images en direct de Mars;
    Sinatra live at the Palladium Sinatra en concert au Palladium;
    recorded before a live audience enregistré en public
    (c) Electricity (connected) sous tension
    (d) Technology (load) roulant, mobile
    (e) (unexploded) non explosé
    (f) (still burning → coals, embers) ardent
    (g) (not extinct → volcano) actif
    (h) (controversial) controversé;
    a live issue un sujet controversé
    en direct;
    to perform live (singer, group) chanter en direct;
    they've never performed live ils n'ont jamais fait de scène;
    the match can be seen/is going out live at 3.30 p.m. on peut suivre le match/le match est diffusé en direct à 15 heures 30;
    the show comes live from New York City le spectacle nous arrive en direct de New York
    ►► live ammunition balles fpl réelles;
    Technology live axle essieu m moteur, pont m;
    live births naissances fpl viables;
    Computing live cam caméra f Internet;
    Electricity live circuit circuit m alimenté ou sous tension;
    live entertainment spectacle m; (broadcast) spectacles mpl en direct;
    nobody goes to see live entertainment any more plus personne ne va au spectacle de nos jours;
    the theatre and other forms of live entertainment le théâtre et autres formes de divertissement;
    live music musique f live;
    live oak chêne m vert;
    American familiar live one (dupe) poire f, pigeon m;
    live recording enregistrement m live ou public;
    Electricity live wire fil m sous tension;
    familiar figurative she's a real live wire elle déborde d'énergie ;
    Cookery live yoghurt yaourt m actif

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > live

  • 7 matter

    matter ['mætə(r)]
    affaire1 (a) sujet1 (a) question1 (b) matière1 (c), 1 (d) importer1 (f), 2
    1 noun
    (a) (affair) affaire f; (subject) sujet m;
    I reported the matter to the police j'ai rapporté les faits à la police;
    business matters affaires fpl;
    money matters questions fpl d'argent;
    the matter in hand les faits mpl qui nous préoccupent;
    I consider the matter closed pour moi, c'est une affaire classée;
    it is a matter for regret c'est regrettable;
    this is no laughing matter il n'y a pas de quoi rire;
    it's no easy matter c'est une question difficile ou un sujet délicat;
    that is a matter for the courts to decide sur ce point, c'est à la justice de trancher;
    I will give the matter my immediate attention j'accorderai toute mon attention à ce problème;
    I think we should let the matter drop je pense que nous devrions laisser tomber le sujet;
    you're not going out, and that's the end of or there's an end to the matter! tu ne sortiras pas, un point c'est tout!
    (b) (question) question f;
    there's the small matter of the £100 you owe me il y a ce petit problème des 100 livres que tu me dois;
    a matter of life and death une question de vie ou de mort;
    that's quite another matter, that's a different matter altogether ça c'est une (tout) autre affaire;
    a matter of taste une question de goût;
    that's a matter of opinion ça c'est une question d'opinion;
    as a matter of course automatiquement;
    as a matter of principle par principe;
    as a matter of urgency d'urgence;
    she'll do it in a matter of minutes cela ne lui prendra que quelques minutes;
    it'll be a matter of days rather than weeks before we get a result obtenir le résultat sera une question de jours plutôt que de semaines;
    it's only or just a matter of time ce n'est qu'une question de temps;
    it's just a matter of replacing a few worn-out parts il suffit de remplacer quelques pièces usées;
    it's only or just a matter of filling in a few forms il ne s'agit que de remplir quelques formulaires
    organic/inorganic matter matière f organique/inorganique
    (d) (written material) matière f, copie f; (sent by post) imprimés mpl;
    advertising matter matériel m publicitaire;
    printed matter texte m imprimé
    what's the matter? qu'est-ce qu'il y a?, qu'est-ce qui ne va pas?;
    what's the matter with you? qu'est-ce que tu as?, qu'est-ce qui ne va pas?;
    what's the matter with Susan? qu'est-ce qu'elle a, Susan?;
    what's the matter with your eyes? qu'est-ce que vous avez aux yeux?;
    what's the matter with the television? qu'est-ce qu'elle a, la télévision?;
    what's the matter with the way I dress? qu'est-ce que vous reprochez à ma façon de m'habiller?;
    what's the matter with telling him the truth? quel mal y a-t-il à lui dire la vérité?;
    I don't know what's the matter with me je ne sais pas ce que j'ai;
    there's something the matter il y a quelque chose (qui ne va pas), il se passe quelque chose;
    there's something the matter with my leg j'ai quelque chose à la jambe;
    there's something the matter with the aerial il y a un problème avec l'antenne;
    is there something or is anything the matter? il y a quelque chose qui ne va pas?, il y a un problème?;
    something must be the matter il doit y avoir quelque chose;
    nothing's the or there's nothing the matter il n'y a rien, tout va bien;
    nothing's the matter with me je vais parfaitement bien;
    there's nothing the matter with the engine le moteur est en parfait état de marche;
    no matter! peu importe!;
    no matter what I do quoi que je fasse;
    no matter what the boss thinks peu importe ce qu'en pense le patron;
    don't go back, no matter how much he begs you même s'il te le demande à genoux, n'y retourne pas;
    no matter what quoi qu'il arrive;
    I'll be there tomorrow no matter what j'y serai demain quoi qu'il arrive;
    we've got to win, no matter what il faut que nous gagnions à tout prix;
    no matter how par n'importe quel moyen;
    no matter how hard I try quels que soient les efforts que je fais;
    I must speak to her, no matter how ill she is je dois lui parler, quel que soit son état de santé;
    no matter when à n'importe quel moment;
    no matter when it happens peu importe quand ça arrivera;
    no matter who qui que ce soit;
    no matter who gave it to you peu importe qui te l'a donné;
    no matter where où que ce soit;
    no matter where I am où que je sois
    importer, avoir de l'importance;
    nothing matters much to him any more since his wife died plus rien n'a d'importance pour lui depuis la mort de sa femme;
    nothing else matters tout le reste est sans importance;
    these things matter ces choses-là comptent;
    what does it matter? quelle importance est-ce que ça a?, qu'importe?;
    it matters a lot cela a beaucoup d'importance, c'est très important;
    it doesn't matter cela n'a pas d'importance, ça ne fait rien;
    it doesn't matter how much it costs peu importe le prix;
    it doesn't matter to me what you do with your money ce que tu fais de ton argent m'est égal;
    it doesn't matter to her what people think elle se moque de ce que pensent les gens;
    money is all that matters to him il n'y a que l'argent qui l'intéresse;
    I forgot to tell him, not that it matters, he'll find out soon enough j'ai oublié de le lui dire mais c'est sans importance, il s'en rendra vite compte;
    she matters a lot to him il tient beaucoup à elle, elle compte beaucoup pour lui;
    that's what matters most c'est le plus important;
    she knows all the people who matter elle connaît tous les gens qui comptent
    as matters stand les choses étant ce qu'elles sont;
    getting angry won't help matters at all se mettre en colère n'arrangera pas les choses;
    matters have taken a turn for the worse les choses ont pris un tour plus alarmant;
    her remarks made matters worse ses remarques n'ont fait qu'aggraver les choses;
    to make matters worse, it had started to rain pour tout arranger, il s'était mis à pleuvoir
    en fait, à vrai dire, en réalité
    d'ailleurs;
    and so am I for that matter moi aussi d'ailleurs;
    he isn't very well known in London or anywhere else for that matter il n'est pas très connu à Londres, et nulle part ailleurs en fait

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > matter

  • 8 easy

    easy ['i:zɪ] (compar easier, superl easiest)
    it's easy to see why/that... on voit bien pourquoi/que...;
    it's easy to say that... c'est facile de dire que...;
    it's easy for her to say that... c'est facile pour elle de dire que...;
    this will make your job easier ceci vous facilitera la tâche;
    it makes life much easier not having to fill in these forms ça facilite bien les choses de ne pas avoir à remplir ces formulaires;
    to be easy to live with être facile à vivre;
    to be easy to get on with être facile à vivre;
    she is easy or an easy person to please (gen) c'est facile de lui faire plaisir; (concerning food) elle n'est pas difficile;
    it's an easy mistake to make c'est une erreur qui est facile à faire;
    it's not easy being the eldest child ce n'est pas facile d'être l'aîné;
    it's far from easy, it's none too easy c'est loin d'être facile, ce n'est pas facile du tout;
    in easy stages (travel) par petites étapes; (learn) sans peine;
    learn Japanese in ten easy stages! apprenez le japonais en dix petites leçons!;
    within easy reach of près de;
    the shop is within easy walking distance of here d'ici, on peut facilement aller au magasin à pied;
    the easy way out or option la solution facile ou de facilité;
    there are no easy answers c'est un problème qui est loin d'être facile à résoudre;
    to have an easy time (of it) (a good life) avoir la belle vie ou la vie facile;
    she had an easy time of it (in exams) ç'a été facile pour elle;
    she hadn't had an easy time of it elle n'avait pas eu une vie facile;
    familiar it's easy money c'est de l'argent gagné facilement ou sans se fatiguer ;
    to come in an easy first (in a race) arriver bon premier;
    an easy prey or victim une proie facile;
    familiar easy game or meat bonne poire f;
    familiar as easy as pie or ABC or as falling off a log simple comme bonjour ou tout;
    familiar to be on easy street rouler sur l'or
    to feel easy in one's mind être tranquille, avoir l'esprit tranquille
    (c) (easygoing → person, atmosphere) décontracté; (→ disposition, nature) facile; (→ manner) décontracté, naturel; (→ style) coulant, facile;
    familiar I'm easy (I don't mind) ça m'est égal ;
    they're usually fairly easy about deadlines d'habitude ils sont assez accommodants sur les délais;
    to be on easy terms with sb avoir des rapports plutôt amicaux avec qn;
    Commerce on easy terms avec facilités de paiement;
    to go at an easy pace aller tranquillement;
    to be an easy fit (clothes) être confortable
    she's easy or an easy lay elle couche avec tout le monde, c'est une Marie-couche-toi-là;
    literary a woman of easy virtue une femme de petite vertu ou aux mœurs légères
    to be easy on the eye (film, painting) être agréable à regarder; (person) être bien fait de sa personne;
    to be easy on the ear (music) être agréable à écouter
    to go easy y aller doucement;
    to go easy on or with sb y aller doucement avec qn;
    to go easy on or with sth y aller doucement avec ou sur qch;
    go easy on the cream vas-y doucement avec la crème;
    familiar he's got it easy (has an easy life) il se la coule douce, il a la belle vie;
    to take things or it or life easy (lead a life of ease) mener une vie tranquille; (not overdo things) ralentir;
    you'll have to take it easy or go easy for a bit il va falloir ralentir ou freiner un peu;
    familiar take it easy! (gen) doucement!; (don't get upset) ne t'en fais pas!; American (on parting) bon courage!;
    familiar easy now!, easy does it! doucement!;
    to sleep easy in one's bed dormir sur ses deux oreilles;
    Military stand easy! repos!;
    easier said than done plus facile à dire qu'à faire;
    (it's) easy come easy go (money) l'argent, ça va ça vient;
    I hear she's got a new boyfriend -- oh well, easy come easy go! j'ai appris qu'elle avait un nouveau copain -- un de perdu, dix de retrouvés!;
    American familiar easy over (egg) cuit des deux côtés
    ►► easy chair fauteuil m;
    Music easy listening variété f
    ✾ Film 'Easy Street' Chaplin 'Charlot policier'

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > easy

  • 9 one

    one [wʌn]
    un/une1 (a), 1 (b), 1 (e)-(h) seul1 (c) même1 (d) on2B
    (a) (in expressions of age, date, measurement etc) un (une);
    one dollar un dollar;
    one pound une livre;
    one and a half kilos un kilo et demi;
    twenty-one apples vingt et une pommes;
    one million un million;
    one thousand mille;
    at one o'clock à une heure;
    he'll be one (year old) in June il aura un an en juin;
    on page one (of book) (à la) page un; (of newspaper) à la une;
    one fifty (a hundred and fifty) cent cinquante; (one pound and fifty pence) une livre cinquante (pence); (one dollar fifty cents) un dollar cinquante (cents); (time) deux heures moins dix, une heure cinquante;
    one or two (a few) un/une ou deux;
    a million or a thousand and one (a lot) un millier de;
    the odds are (at) ten to one la cote est à dix contre un;
    it's ten to one that or American one will get you ten that he's at the office je parie (à) dix contre un qu'il est au bureau
    one American in two un Américain sur deux;
    only one answer is correct il n'y a qu'une seule bonne réponse;
    at any one time au même moment;
    one car looks much like another to me pour moi, toutes les voitures se ressemblent;
    take one half and give him the other prends-en une moitié et donne-lui l'autre;
    one member one vote = système de scrutin "un homme, une voix"
    (c) (only, single) seul, unique;
    my one mistake ma seule erreur;
    the one woman who knows la seule femme qui soit au courant;
    no one man should have that responsibility c'est trop de responsabilité pour un seul homme;
    not one family was spared pas une (seule) famille ne fut épargnée
    (d) (same) même;
    they all arrived on the one day ils sont tous arrivés le même jour;
    the two wanted men are in fact one and the same person les deux hommes recherchés sont en fait une seule et même personne;
    to be of one mind (with sb on sth) être du même avis (que qn sur qch);
    it's all one to me ça m'est égal
    (e) (instead of "a")
    if there's one thing I hate it's rudeness s'il y a une chose que je n'aime pas, c'est bien la grossièreté;
    for one thing it's too late d'abord, c'est trop tard;
    one thing at a time chaque chose en son temps;
    one thing you'll need to know is… il y a quelque chose qu'il vous faudra savoir…;
    we had one customer once who wouldn't leave une fois on a eu un client qui ne voulait pas partir
    I was introduced to one Ian Bell on m'a présenté un certain Ian Bell
    one day you'll understand un jour, tu comprendras;
    one evening in July un soir de juillet;
    early one morning un matin de bonne heure
    that's one fine car! c'est une sacrée bagnole!;
    the room was one big mess! il y avait une de ces pagailles dans la pièce!;
    it's been one hell of a day! quelle journée!
    A.
    (a) (person, thing)
    which one lequel (laquelle) m,f;
    this one celui-ci (celle-ci) m,f;
    that one celui-là (celle-là) m,f;
    the other one l'autre mf;
    the right one le (la) bon (bonne);
    the wrong one le (la) mauvais(e);
    which one do you prefer? lequel (laquelle) préférez-vous?;
    which ones? lesquels?;
    these ones ceux-ci (celles-ci) mpl, fpl;
    those ones ceux-là (celles-là) mpl, fpl;
    which dog? - the one that's barking quel chien? - celui qui aboie;
    which cars? - the ones you like quelles voitures? - celles que tu aimes;
    the one I spoke of celui dont j'ai parlé;
    he's the one who did it c'est lui qui l'a fait;
    one of my colleagues is sick (l')un de mes collègues est malade;
    one of the bulbs has fused (l')une des ampoules a grillé;
    one of them l'un d'entre eux, l'un d'eux;
    give me one of them donnez-m'en un;
    she's one of us elle est des nôtres;
    any one of us n'importe lequel d'entre nous;
    that's one of my favourite restaurants c'est (l')un de mes restaurants préférés;
    he's one of my many admirers c'est un de mes nombreux admirateurs;
    I've only got one je n'en ai qu'un;
    there's only one left il n'en reste qu'un;
    I was the only one there j'étais le seul à me trouver là;
    have you seen one? en avez-vous vu un?;
    two for the price of one deux pour le prix d'un;
    one or other l'un d'eux;
    one after the other l'un après l'autre;
    you can't have one without the other l'un ne va pas sans l'autre;
    take the new one prends le nouveau;
    the scheme was a good one on paper le plan était excellent en théorie;
    she's eaten all the ripe ones elle a mangé tous ceux qui étaient mûrs/toutes celles qui étaient mûres;
    our loved or dear ones ceux qui nous sont chers;
    the mother and her little ones la mère et ses petits;
    she's my littlest one c'est ma plus jeune ou ma petite dernière;
    he's a strange one, that boy il est bizarre, ce garçon;
    British familiar ooh, you are a one! toi, alors!;
    British familiar he's a right one he is! lui alors!;
    familiar I'm not much of a one or I'm not a great one for cheese je ne raffole pas du fromage;
    she's a great one for computers c'est une mordue d'informatique;
    she's one in a million or thousand c'est une perle rare;
    I'm not one to gossip but… je ne suis pas du genre commère mais…;
    I want the opinion of one better able to judge je voudrais avoir l'opinion de quelqu'un qui soit plus capable de juger;
    familiar there's one born every minute! comment peut-on être aussi stupide! ;
    one and all tous (sans exception);
    one at a time un à la fois;
    proverb one for all and all for one un pour tous et tous pour un;
    familiar to get one over on sb avoir l'avantage sur qn
    (b) (joke, story, question etc)
    have you heard the one about the two postmen? tu connais celle des deux facteurs?;
    that's a good one! elle est bien bonne celle-là!;
    that's a hard one (a difficult question) vous me posez une colle;
    that's an easy one c'est facile;
    the question is one of great importance cette question est d'une grande importance;
    you'll have to solve this one yourself il faudra que tu règles ça tout seul
    do you fancy a quick one? on prend un verre en vitesse? ;
    to have had one too many avoir bu un coup de trop
    to hit or thump or belt sb one en coller une à qn
    to go into one (lose one's temper) péter les plombs, péter une durite
    to give sb one (have sex with) en glisser une paire à qn
    to make one faire une augmentation, augmenter d'une maille
    (h) Stock Exchange unité f;
    to issue shares in ones émettre des actions en unités
    B.
    if one loses one's or American his temper si on se met en colère;
    one can only do one's or American his best on fait ce qu'on peut;
    it is enough to make one weep il y a de quoi vous faire pleurer;
    it certainly makes one think ça fait réfléchir, c'est sûr
    to wash one's hands se laver les mains;
    to put one's hands in one's pockets mettre ses ou les mains dans les poches
    formal to be at one with sb/sth être en harmonie avec qn/qch;
    she felt at one with the world elle se sentait en harmonie avec le monde
    I for one am disappointed pour ma part, je suis déçu;
    I know that Gillian for one is against it je sais que Gillian est contre en tout cas
    all in one à la fois;
    she's a writer, actress and director (all) in one elle est à la fois scénariste, actrice et metteur en scène;
    two volumes in one deux volumes en un;
    a useful three-in-one kitchen knife un couteau de cuisine très utile avec ses trois fonctions
    (b) (at one attempt) du premier coup;
    he did it in one il l'a fait en un seul coup;
    familiar got it in one! du premier coup!
    they arrived in ones and twos ils arrivèrent les uns après les autres;
    people stood around in ones and twos les gens se tenaient là par petits groupes
    (two people) l'un l'autre (l'une l'autre) m,f; (more than two people) les uns les autres (les unes les autres) mpl, fpl;
    they didn't dare talk to one another ils n'ont pas osé se parler;
    we love one another nous nous aimons;
    the group meet in one another's homes le groupe se réunit chez l'un ou chez l'autre;
    they respect one another (two people) ils ont du respect l'un pour l'autre; (more than two people) ils se respectent les uns les autres;
    you can copy one another's notes (two people) vous pouvez copier vos notes l'un sur l'autre; (more than two people) vous pouvez copier vos notes les uns sur les autres
    un par un (une par une)
    ►► the One Thousand Guineas = course de chevaux qui se déroule à Newmarket en Angleterre

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > one

  • 10 British regions and counties

    The names of British regions and counties usually have the definite article in French, except when used with the preposition en.
    In, to and from somewhere
    Most counties and regions are masculine ; with these, in and to are translated by dans le, and from by du:
    to live in Sussex
    = vivre dans le Sussex
    to go to Sussex
    = aller dans le Sussex
    to come from Sussex
    = venir du Sussex
    Note however:
    Cornwall
    = la Cornouailles
    to live in Cornwall
    = vivre en Cornouailles
    to go to Cornwall
    = aller en Cornouailles
    to come from Cornwall
    = venir de la Cornouailles
    Uses with nouns
    There are rarely French equivalents for English forms like Cornishmen, and it is always safe to use de with the definite article:
    Cornishmen
    = les habitants mpl de la Cornouailles
    Lancastrians
    = les habitants du Lancashire
    In other cases, du is often possible:
    a Somerset accent
    = un accent du Somerset
    the Yorkshire countryside
    = les paysages du Yorkshire
    but it is usually safe to use du comté de:
    the towns of Fife
    = les villes du comté de Fife
    the rivers of Merioneth
    = les rivières du comté de Merioneth
    or de la région de:
    Grampian cattle
    = le bétail de la région des Grampians

    Big English-French dictionary > British regions and counties

  • 11 The clock

    What time is it?
    In timetables etc., the twenty-four hour clock is used, so that 4 pm is seize heures. In ordinary usage, one says quatre heures (de l’après-midi).
    what time is it?
    = quelle heure est-il?
    my watch says five o’clock
    = il est cinq heures à ma montre
    could you tell me the time?
    = pouvez-vous me donner l’heure?
    it’s exactly four o’clock
    = il est quatre heures juste or il est exactement quatre heures
    it’s about four
    = il est environ quatre heures
    it’s almost three o’clock
    = il est presque trois heures
    it’s just before six o’clock
    = il va être six heures
    it’s just after five o’clock
    = il est à peine plus de cinq heures
    it’s gone five
    = il est cinq heures passées
    When?
    French never drops the word heures: at five is à cinq heures and so on.
    French always uses à, whether or not English includes the word at. The only exception is when there is another preposition present, as in vers cinq heures (towards five o’clock), avant cinq heures (before five o’clock) etc.
    what time did it happen?
    = à quelle heure cela s’est-il passé?
    what time will he come at?
    = à quelle heure va-t-il venir?
    it happened at two o’clock
    = c’est arrivé à deux heures
    he’ll come at four
    = il viendra à quatre heures
    at ten past four
    = à quatre heures dix
    at half past eight
    = à huit heures et demie
    at three o’clock exactly
    = à trois heures précises
    at about five
    = vers cinq heures or à cinq heures environ
    at five at the latest
    = à cinq heures au plus tard
    a little after nine
    = un peu après neuf heures
    it must be ready by ten
    = il faut que ce soit prêt avant dix heures
    I’ll be here until 6 pm
    = je serai là jusqu’à six heures du soir
    I won’t be here until 6 pm
    = je ne serai pas là avant six heures du soir
    it lasts from seven till nine
    = cela dure de sept à neuf heures
    closed from 1 to 2 pm
    = fermé entre treize et quatorze heures
    every hour on the hour
    = toutes les heures à l’heure juste
    at ten past every hour
    = toutes les heures à dix
    This fuller form is possible in all similar cases in this list. It is used only in ‘official’ styles.
    ‡ Quatre heures et quart sounds less official than quatre heures quinze ( and similarly et demie and moins le quart are the less official forms). The demie and quart forms are not used with the 24-hour clock.
    § Demi agrees when it follows its noun, but not when it comes before the noun to which it is hyphenated, e.g. quatre heures et demie but les demi-heures etc. Note that midi and minuit are masculine, so midi et demi and minuit et demi.

    Big English-French dictionary > The clock

  • 12 Usage note : be

    The direct French equivalent of the verb to be in subject + to be + predicate sentences is être:
    I am tired
    = je suis fatigué
    Caroline is French
    = Caroline est française
    the children are in the garden
    = les enfants sont dans le jardin
    It functions in very much the same way as to be does in English and it is safe to assume it will work as a translation in the great majority of cases.
    Note, however, that when you are specifying a person’s profession or trade, a/an is not translated:
    she’s a doctor
    = elle est médecin
    Claudie is still a student
    = Claudie est toujours étudiante
    This is true of any noun used in apposition when the subject is a person:
    he’s a widower
    = il est veuf
    But
    Lyons is a beautiful city
    = Lyon est une belle ville
    For more information or expressions involving professions and trades consult the usage note Shops, Trades and Professions.
    For the conjugation of the verb être see the French verb tables.
    Grammatical functions
    The passive
    être is used to form the passive in French just as to be is used in English. Note, however, that the past participle agrees in gender and number with the subject:
    the rabbit was killed by a fox
    = le lapin a été tué par un renard
    the window had been broken
    = la fenêtre avait été cassée
    their books will be sold
    = leurs livres seront vendus
    our doors have been repainted red
    = nos portes ont été repeintes en rouge
    In spoken language, French native speakers find the passive cumbersome and will avoid it where possible by using the impersonal on where a person or people are clearly involved : on a repeint nos portes en rouge.
    Progressive tenses
    In French the idea of something happening over a period of time cannot be expressed using the verb être in the way that to be is used as an auxiliary verb in English.
    The present
    French uses simply the present tense where English uses the progressive form with to be:
    I am working
    = je travaille
    Ben is reading a book
    = Ben lit un livre
    The future
    French also uses the present tense where English uses the progressive form with to be:
    we are going to London tomorrow
    = nous allons à Londres demain
    I’m (just) coming!
    = j’arrive!
    I’m (just) going!
    = j’y vais!
    The past
    To express the distinction between she read a newspaper and she was reading a newspaper French uses the perfect and the imperfect tenses: elle a lu un journal/elle lisait un journal:
    he wrote to his mother
    = il a écrit à sa mère
    he was writing to his mother
    = il écrivait à sa mère
    However, in order to accentuate the notion of describing an activity which went on over a period of time, the phrase être en train de (= to be in the process of) is often used:
    ‘what was he doing when you arrived?’
    ‘he was cooking the dinner’
    = ‘qu’est-ce qu’il faisait quand tu es arrivé?’ ‘il était en train de préparer le dîner’
    she was just finishing her essay when …
    = elle était juste en train de finir sa dissertation quand …
    The compound past
    Compound past tenses in the progressive form in English are generally translated by the imperfect in French:
    I’ve been looking for you
    = je te cherchais
    For progressive forms + for and since (I’ve been waiting for an hour, I had been waiting for an hour, I’ve been waiting since Monday etc.) see the entries for and since.
    Obligation
    When to be is used as an auxiliary verb with another verb in the infinitive ( to be to do) expressing obligation, a fixed arrangement or destiny, devoir is used:
    she’s to do it at once
    = elle doit le faire tout de suite
    what am I to do?
    = qu’est-ce que je dois faire?
    he was to arrive last Monday
    = il devait arriver lundi dernier
    she was never to see him again
    = elle ne devait plus le revoir.
    In tag questions
    French has no direct equivalent of tag questions like isn’t he? or wasn’t it? There is a general tag question n’est-ce pas? (literally isn’t it so?) which will work in many cases:
    their house is lovely, isn’t it?
    = leur maison est très belle, n’est-ce pas?
    he’s a doctor, isn’t he?
    = il est médecin, n’est-ce pas?
    it was a very good meal, wasn’t it?
    = c’était un très bon repas, n’est-ce pas?
    However, n’est-ce pas can very rarely be used for positive tag questions and some other way will be found to express the extra meaning contained in the tag: par hasard ( by any chance) can be very useful as a translation:
    ‘I can’t find my glasses’ ‘they’re not in the kitchen, are they?’
    = ‘je ne trouve pas mes lunettes’ ‘elles ne sont pas dans la cuisine, par hasard?’
    you haven’t seen Gaby, have you?
    = tu n’as pas vu Gaby, par hasard?
    In cases where an opinion is being sought, si? meaning more or less or is it? or was it? etc. can be useful:
    it’s not broken, is it?
    = ce n’est pas cassé, si?
    he wasn’t serious, was he?
    = il n’était pas sérieux, si?
    In many other cases the tag question is simply not translated at all and the speaker’s intonation will convey the implied question.
    In short answers
    Again, there is no direct equivalent for short answers like yes I am, no he’s not etc. Where the answer yes is given to contradict a negative question or statement, the most useful translation is si:
    ‘you’re not going out tonight’ ‘yes I am’
    = ‘tu ne sors pas ce soir’ ‘si’
    In reply to a standard enquiry the tag will not be translated:
    ‘are you a doctor?’ ‘yes I am’
    = ‘êtes-vous médecin?’ ‘oui’
    ‘was it raining?’ ‘yes it was’
    = ‘est-ce qu’il pleuvait?’ ‘oui’
    Probability
    For expressions of probability and supposition ( if I were you etc.) see the entry be.
    Other functions
    Expressing sensations and feelings
    In expressing physical and mental sensations, the verb used in French is avoir:
    to be cold
    = avoir froid
    to be hot
    = avoir chaud
    I’m cold
    = j’ai froid
    to be thirsty
    = avoir soif
    to be hungry
    = avoir faim
    to be ashamed
    = avoir honte
    my hands are cold
    = j’ai froid aux mains
    If, however, you are in doubt as to which verb to use in such expressions, you should consult the entry for the appropriate adjective.
    Discussing health and how people are
    In expressions of health and polite enquiries about how people are, aller is used:
    how are you?
    = comment allez-vous?
    ( more informally) comment vas-tu?
    are you well?
    = vous allez bien?
    how is your daughter?
    = comment va votre fille?
    my father is better today
    = mon père va mieux aujourd’hui
    Discussing weather and temperature
    In expressions of weather and temperature faire is generally used:
    it’s cold
    = il fait froid
    it’s windy
    = il fait du vent
    If in doubt, consult the appropriate adjective entry.
    Visiting somewhere
    When to be is used in the present perfect tense to mean go, visit etc., French will generally use the verbs venir, aller etc. rather than être:
    I’ve never been to Sweden
    = je ne suis jamais allé en Suède
    have you been to the Louvre?
    = est-ce que tu es déjà allé au Louvre?
    or est-ce que tu as déjà visité le Louvre?
    Paul has been to see us three times
    = Paul est venu nous voir trois fois
    Note too:
    has the postman been?
    = est-ce que le facteur est passé?
    For here is, here are, there is, there are see the entries here and there.
    The translation for an expression or idiom containing the verb to be will be found in the dictionary at the entry for another word in the expression: for to be in danger see danger, for it would be best to … see best etc.
    This dictionary contains usage notes on topics such as the clock, time units, age, weight measurement, days of the week, and shops, trades and professions, many of which include translations of particular uses of to be.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : be

  • 13 Usage note : your

    For a full note on the use of the vous and tu forms in French, see the entry you.
    In French, determiners agree in gender and number with the noun they qualify. So your, when addressing one person, is translated by votre, or more familiarly ton, + masculine singular noun ( votre chien or ton chien), by votre or ta + feminine singular noun ( votre maison or ta maison) and by vos or tes + plural noun ( vos enfants or tes enfants). Note that ton is used with a feminine noun beginnning with a vowel or mute ‘h’ ( ton adresse).
    When addressing more than one person, the translation is votre + singular noun and vos + plural noun. When your is stressed, à vous or à toi is added after the noun:
    your house
    = votre maison à vous
    When used impersonally to mean one’s, your is translated by son, sa or ses when you is translated by on:
    you buy your tickets at the door
    = on prend ses billets à l’entrée
    The translation after an impersonal verb in French is son, sa, ses:
    you have to buy your tickets at the door
    = il faut prendre ses billets à l’entrée
    Note, however, the following:
    sweets are bad for your teeth
    = les bonbons sont mauvais pour les dents
    your average student
    = l’étudiant moyen
    For your used with parts of the body ⇒ The human body.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : your

  • 14 seal

    A n
    1 Zool phoque m ;
    2 Jur, gen ( insignia) sceau m ; to set one's seal on lit apposer son cachet sur [document] ; fig conclure [championship, match] ; to set the seal on sceller [friendship] ; confirmer [trend, regime] ; I need your seal of approval j'ai besoin de votre approbation ; to give sth one's seal of approval approuver qch ; look for our seal of quality exigez le label de qualité ;
    3 ( integrity mechanism) ( on container) plomb m ; (on package, letter) cachet m ; ( on door) scellés mpl ;
    4 ( closing mechanism) fermeture f ; the cork provides a tight seal le bouchon ferme hermétiquement ; cheap envelopes have a poor seal les enveloppes bon marché se collent mal ; an airtight/watertight seal une fermeture étanche (à l'air/à l'eau) ; the rubber strip forms a seal around the door la bande de caoutchouc scelle le tour de la porte.
    B modif Zool [hunting] au phoque ; [meat] de phoque ; [population] de phoques.
    C vtr
    1 ( authenticate) cacheter [document, letter] ; the letter was sealed with a kiss un baiser servit de sceau à la lettre ;
    2 ( close) fermer [envelope, package] ; plomber [container, lorry] ; sceller [oil well, pipe] ; boucher [gap] ;
    3 (make airtight, watertight) fermer [qch] hermétiquement [jar, tin] ; lisser [plaster] ; rendre [qch] étanche [roof, window frame] ;
    4 ( settle definitively) sceller [alliance, friendship] (with par) ; conclure [deal] (with par) ; to seal sb's fate décider du sort de qn.
    D vi Hunt chasser le phoque ; to go sealing aller à la chasse au phoque.
    E sealed pp adj [envelope] cacheté ; [package] scellé ; [bid, instructions, orders] sous pli cacheté ; [jar] fermé hermétiquement ; [door, vault] scellé.
    seal in conserver [flavour].
    seal off:
    seal [sth] off, seal off [sth]
    1 ( isolate) isoler [corridor, wing] ;
    2 ( cordon off) boucler [area, building] ; barrer [street].
    seal up:
    seal [sth] up, seal up [sth] fermer [qch] hermétiquement [jar] ; boucher [gap].

    Big English-French dictionary > seal

  • 15 Usage note : to

    This dictionary contains usage notes on such topics as the clock, weight measurement, games and sports etc. Many of these use the preposition to.
    When to is used as a preposition with movement verbs (go, travel etc.) it is often translated by à but remember to use en with feminine countries ( en France) and au with masculine countries ( au Portugal) ; ⇒ Countries and continents.
    Remember when using à in French that à + le always becomes au and à + les always becomes aux.
    When to forms the infinitive of a verb taken alone (by a teacher, for example) it needs no translation:
    to go
    = aller
    to find
    = trouver etc.
    However, when to is used as part of an infinitive giving the meaning in order to, it is translated by pour:
    he’s gone into town to buy a shirt
    = il est parti en ville pour acheter une chemise
    to is also used as part of an infinitive after certain adjectives: difficult to understand, easy to read etc. Here to is usually translated by à: difficile à comprendre, facile à lire:
    it’s easy to read
    = c’est facile à lire
    However, when the infinitive has an object, to is usually translated by de:
    it’s easy to lose one’s way
    = il est facile de perdre son chemin
    To check translations, consult the appropriate adjective entry: difficult, easy etc.
    to is also used as part of an infinitive after certain verbs: she told me to wash my hands, I’ll help him to tidy the room etc. Here the translation, usually either à or de, depends on the verb used in French. To find the correct translation, consult the appropriate verb entry: tell, help etc. For all other uses see the entry to.

    Big English-French dictionary > Usage note : to

  • 16 can

    Ⅰ.
    can1 [kən, stressed kæn]
    pouvoir ⇒ (a), (d)-(j) savoir ⇒ (c)
    (pt could [kəd, stressed kʊd], negative forms cannot ['kænət, stressed 'kænɒt], could not, frequently shortened to can't [kɑ:nt], couldn't ['kʊdənt])
    ⓘ GRAM Le verbe can n'a ni infinitif, ni gérondif ni participe. Pour exprimer l'infinitif ou le participe, on aura recours à la forme correspondante de be able to ( he wanted to be able to speak English; she has always been able to swim).
    (a) (be able to) pouvoir;
    can you come to the party? peux-tu venir à la fête?;
    I'll come if I can je viendrai si je (le) peux;
    I'll come as soon as I can je viendrai aussitôt que possible ou aussitôt que je pourrai;
    we'll do everything we can to help nous ferons tout ce que nous pourrons ou tout notre possible pour aider;
    she has everything money can buy elle a tout ce qu'elle veut;
    she can no longer walk elle ne peut plus marcher;
    five years ago I could run a mile in four minutes but I can't anymore il y a cinq ans, je courais un mile en quatre minutes mais je ne peux plus maintenant;
    can you help me? pouvez-vous m'aider?;
    can you tell me when the train leaves? pouvez-vous me dire à quelle heure part le train?;
    I can't very well accept il m'est difficile d'accepter;
    can it be true? serait-ce vrai?;
    (it) could be c'est possible;
    familiar no can do! impossible!;
    American familiar can do! pas de problème!
    can you feel it? tu le sens?;
    we can hear everything our neighbours say nous entendons tout ce que disent nos voisins;
    I can't understand you when you mumble je ne te comprends pas ou je ne comprends pas ce que tu dis quand tu marmonnes;
    I can see his point of view je comprends son point de vue;
    there can be no doubt about his guilt sa culpabilité ne fait aucun doute
    can you drive/sew? savez-vous conduire/coudre?;
    many people can't read or write beaucoup de gens ne savent ni lire ni écrire;
    she can speak three languages elle parle trois langues
    I've already said you can't go je t'ai déjà dit que tu ne peux pas y aller;
    can I borrow your sweater? - yes, you can puis-je emprunter ton pull? - (mais oui,) bien sûr;
    can I sit with you? puis-je m'asseoir avec vous?
    (e) (used to interrupt, intervene) pouvoir;
    can I just say something here? est-ce que je peux dire quelque chose?
    can I be of any assistance? puis-je vous aider?;
    what can I do for you? que puis-je (faire) pour vous?
    we can't leave the children alone nous ne pouvons pas laisser ou il nous est impossible de laisser les enfants seuls; (indicating refusal) pouvoir;
    we cannot tolerate such behaviour nous ne pouvons pas tolérer ce genre de comportement
    you can't let him speak to you like that! tu ne peux pas ou tu ne devrais pas lui permettre de te parler comme ça!;
    you can't blame her for leaving him! tu ne peux pas lui reprocher de l'avoir quitté!;
    you'll have to leave, it can't be helped il faudra que tu partes, il n'y a rien à faire
    can't we at least talk about it? est-ce que nous pouvons au moins en discuter?
    they can back out of it at any time ils peuvent se rétracter à n'importe quel moment;
    the contract can still be cancelled il est toujours possible d'annuler ou on peut encore annuler le contrat;
    the job can't be finished in one day il est impossible de finir le travail ou le travail ne peut pas se faire en un jour;
    the cottage can sleep six people on peut loger six personnes dans ce cottage;
    you can always try again later tu peux toujours réessayer plus tard;
    he can be very stubborn il lui arrive d'être ou il peut être très têtu;
    he could have done it il aurait pu le faire;
    what can I have done with the keys? qu'est-ce que j'ai bien pu faire des clés?;
    I'm as happy as can be je suis on ne peut plus heureux;
    she was as kind as can be elle était on ne peut plus gentille
    you can't be serious! (ce n'est pas possible!) vous ne parlez pas sérieusement!;
    he can't possibly have finished already! ce n'est pas possible qu'il ait déjà fini!;
    the house can't have been that expensive la maison n'a pas dû coûter si cher que ça;
    how can you say that? comment pouvez-vous ou osez-vous dire ça?;
    how COULD you! comment avez-vous pu faire une chose pareille?;
    you can't mean it! tu ne penses pas ce que tu dis!;
    what can they want now? qu'est-ce qu'ils peuvent bien vouloir maintenant?;
    who on earth can that be? qui diable cela peut-il bien être?
    I could have wept j'avais envie de pleurer;
    I could have smacked his face! je l'aurais giflé!;
    you could have warned me! tu aurais pu me prévenir!
    his resignation cannot but confirm such suspicions sa démission ne fait que confirmer de tels soupçons
    Ⅱ.
    can2 [kæn] (pt & pp canned, cont canning)
    1 noun
    (a) (container → for liquid) bidon m; (→ for tinned food) boîte f (de conserve); American (→ for rubbish) poubelle f, boîte f à ordures;
    a can of tuna une boîte de thon (en conserve);
    a can of beer/soda une boîte de bière/de soda;
    a (real) can of worms un vrai casse-tête;
    to open a can of worms mettre à jour toutes sortes d'histoires désagréables;
    the film's in the can le film est dans la boîte;
    familiar the deal's in the can l'affaire est conclue
    in the can en taule, au placard, à l'ombre
    (c) American familiar (toilet) chiottes fpl
    (d) American familiar (buttocks) fesses fpl;
    to kick sb in the can botter les fesses à qn
    to carry the can payer les pots cassés
    (a) (food) mettre en boîte ou en conserve, conserver (en boîte)
    to can it (shut up) la fermer, la boucler;
    can it! ferme-la!, la ferme!
    ►► can opener ouvre-boîtes m inv

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > can

  • 17 rail

    [reil] 1. noun
    1) (a (usually horizontal) bar of metal, wood etc used in fences etc, or for hanging things on: Don't lean over the rail; a curtain-rail; a towel-rail.) barre, tringle
    2) ((usually in plural) a long bar of steel which forms the track on which trains etc run.) rail(s)
    2. verb
    ((usually with in or off) to surround with a rail or rails: We'll rail that bit of ground off to stop people walking on it.) entourer d'une grille, d'une clôture
    - railroad - railway - by rail

    English-French dictionary > rail

  • 18 rust

    1. noun
    (the reddish-brown substance which forms on iron and steel, caused by air and moisture: The car was covered with rust.) rouille
    2. verb
    (to (cause to) become covered with rust: The rain has rusted the gate; There's a lot of old metal rusting in the garden.) (se) rouiller
    - rusty - rustily - rustiness

    English-French dictionary > rust

  • 19 Date

    Where English has several ways of writing dates, such as May 10, 10 May, 10th May etc. French has only one generally accepted way: le 10 mai, ( say le dix mai). However, as in English, dates in French may be written informally: 10.5.68 or 31/7/65 etc.
    The general pattern in French is:
    le cardinal number month year
    le 10 mai 1901
    But if the date is the first of the month, use premier, abbreviated as 1er:
    May 1st 1901
    = le 1er mai 1901
    Note that French does not use capital letters for months, or for days of the weekThe months of the year andThe days of the week ; also French does not usually abbreviate the names of the months:
    Sept 10
    = le 10 septembre etc.
    If the day of the week is included, put it after the le:
    Monday, May 1st 1901
    = le lundi 1er mai 1901
    Monday the 25th
    = lundi 25 ( say lundi vingt-cinq)
    Saying and writing dates
    what’s the date?
    = quel jour sommes-nous?
    it’s the tenth
    = nous sommes le dix or (less formally) on est le dix
    it’s the tenth of May
    = nous sommes le dix mai or (less formally) on est le dix mai
    * (i) There are two ways of saying hundreds and thousands in dates:
    1968
    = mille neuf cent soixante-huit or dix-neuf cent soixante-huit
    (ii) The spelling mil is used in legal French, otherwise mille is used in dates, except when a round number of thousands is involved, in which case the words l’an are added:
    1900
    = mille neuf cents
    2000
    = l’an deux mille
    French prefers Roman numerals for centuries:
    the 16th century
    = le XVIe
    Saying on
    French uses only the definite article, without any word for on:
    it happened on 6th March
    = c’est arrivé le 6 mars ( say le six mars)
    he came on the 21st
    = il est arrivé le 21 ( say le vingt et un)
    see you on the 6th
    = on se voit le 6 ( say le six)
    on the 2nd of every month
    = le 2 de chaque mois ( say le deux...)
    he’ll be here on the 3rd
    = il sera là le 3 ( say le trois)
    Saying in
    French normally uses en for years but prefers en l’an for out-of-the-ordinary dates:
    in 1968
    = en 1968 ( say en mille neuf cent soixante-huit or en dix-neuf cent…)
    in 1896
    = en 1896 ( say en mille huit cent quatre-vingt-seize or en dix-huit cent…)
    in the year 2000
    = en l’an deux mille
    in AD 27
    = en l’an 27 ( say l’an vingt-sept) de notre ère
    in 132 BC
    = en l’an 132 ( say l’an cent trente-deux) avant Jésus-Christ
    With names of months, in is translated by en or au mois de:
    in May 1970
    = en mai mille neuf cent soixante-dix or au mois de mai mille neuf cent soixante-dix
    With centuries, French uses au:
    in the seventeenth century
    = au dix-septième siècle
    The word siècle is often omitted in colloquial French:
    in the eighteenth century
    = au dix-huitième siècle or (less formally) au dix-huitième
    Note also:
    in the early 12th century
    = au début du XIIe siècle ( say du douzième siècle)
    in the late 14th century
    = à or vers la fin du XIVe siècle ( say du quatorzième siècle)
    Phrases
    Remember that the date in French always has the definite article, so, in combined forms, au and du are required:
    from the 10th onwards
    = à partir du 10 ( say du dix)
    stay until the 14th
    = reste jusqu’au 14 ( say au quatorze)
    from 21st to 30th May
    = du 21 au 30 mai ( say du vingt et un au trente mai)
    around 16th May
    = le 16 mai environ/vers le 16 mai ( say le seize mai) or aux environs du seize mai ( say du seize mai)
    not until 1999
    = pas avant 1999 ( say mille neuf cent quatre-vingt-dix-neuf)
    Shakespeare (1564-1616)
    = Shakespeare (1564-1616) ( say Shakespeare, quinze cent soixante-quatre-seize cent seize)
    Shakespeare b. 1564 d.1616
    = Shakespeare, né en 1564, mort en 1616 ( say Shakespeare, né en quinze cent soixante-quatre, mort en seize cent seize).
    Note that French has no abbreviations for and mort.
    in May ’45
    = en mai 45 ( say en mai quarante-cinq)
    in the 1980s
    = dans les années 80 ( say dans les années quatre-vingts)
    in the early sixties
    = au début des années 60 ( say des années soixante)
    in the late seventies
    = à la fin des années 70 ( say des années soixante-dix)
    the riots of ’68
    = les émeutes de 68 ( say de soixante-huit)
    the 14-18 war
    = la guerre de 14 or de 14-18 ( say de quatorze or de quatorze-dix-huit)
    the 1912 uprising
    = le soulèvement de 1912 ( say de mille neuf cent douze)

    Big English-French dictionary > Date

  • 20 box

    box [bɒks]
    1. noun
       a. boîte f ; ( = crate) caisse f ; also cardboard box (boîte f en) carton m ; (on forms) case f
       c. (Theatre) loge f ; (for jury, press) banc m ; also witness-box barre f
       d. ( = blow) a box on the ear une claque
       e. ( = tree) buis m
    (Sport) boxer, faire de la boxe
       a. (Sport) boxer
    [+ car] encastrer
    * * *
    [bɒks] 1.
    1) (small, cardboard) boîte f; (larger, crate) caisse f

    box of matches/of chocolates — boîte d'allumettes/de chocolats

    2) ( on page) case f
    3) ( seating area) Theatre loge f; Sport tribune f
    4) ( in stable) box m
    5) GB Sport ( for protection) coquille f
    6) (colloq) ( television)
    7) Sport ( in soccer) surface f de réparation
    8) ( in gymnastics) cheval m de saut
    9) Postal services (also Box) boîte f postale

    (P.O.) Box 20 — BP 20

    10) ( for gears) boîte f
    11) ( slap)
    12) Botany buis m
    2.
    1) ( pack) mettre [quelque chose] en caisse, encaisser
    2) ( fight) boxer
    3) ( strike)
    3.
    intransitive verb Sport boxer
    4.
    boxed past participle adjective [note, information] en encadré
    Phrasal Verbs:

    English-French dictionary > box

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