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  • 81 GEFA

    * * *
    (gef; gaf, gáfum; gefinn), v.
    1) to give (gefa e-m e-t);
    hann gaf þeim góðar gjafar, he gave them good gifts;
    gefa e-m ráð, to give one advice;
    gefa hljóð, to give a hearing;
    gefa e-m sök, e-t at sök, to lay to one’s charge, to bring a charge against one;
    gefa slög, to deal blows;
    gefa e-m drekka, to give one to drink;
    impers., e-m gefr byr (byri), one gets a fair wind (gaf þeim byr ok sigla þeir í haf);
    absol., gaf þeim vel, they got a fair wind;
    ef fœri gefr á, if you get a chance;
    ef yðr (dat.) gefr eigi missýi í þessu máli, if you are not mistaken in this matter;
    þat gaf öllum vel skilja, it was clear for all to understand;
    2) to give, grant;
    gefa heimleyfi, to grant furlough;
    gefa e-m líf, to grant one his life;
    3) to give in matrimony (ek var ung gefin Njáli);
    4) to give fodder to cattle, to feed (gefa göltum, nautum, kúm, hestum);
    5) gefa staðar, to stop;
    lét hann þá staðar gefa róðrinn, he stopped rowing;
    6) e-m er e-t svá gefit, or svá gefit um e-t, one is so and so disposed, thinks so and so of a thing (ef þér er þetta svá gefit sem þú segir);
    7) with preps.:
    gefa sér litit (mikit) af (or at) e-u, to take little (much) notice of;
    gefa á e-t, to pour water on;
    fig. to press on (gefr Ormr þá á);
    gefa e-m til e-s, to give in return for a thing (gefa fé til sátta);
    impers., honum hafði vel gefit til (had good luck) um hefndina;
    gefa sér mikit (lítit) um e-t, to take great (little) interest in (= gefa sér mikit, lítit, af or at e-u);
    gefa sér fátt um e-t, to take coldly, take little notice of;
    gefa e-t upp, to give up (gefa upp alla mótstöðu);
    gefa sik upp, to surrender;
    gefa upp gamalmenni, to give old people up, let them starve;
    gefa upp leiguna, to remit the rent;
    gefa upp sakir, to remit offences;
    upp gefinn, exhausted;
    gefa e-t við e-u, to give in payment for;
    gefa sik við, to give in (þat er líkara, at ek gefa mik við);
    8) refl., gefast.
    * * *
    pret. gaf, 2nd pers. gaft, mod. gafst, pl. gáfu; pres. gef; pret. subj. gæfi; part. gefinn; with neg. suff. gef-at, gaft-attu, Fm. 7; mid. form gáfumk ( dabat or dabant mihi, nobis), Stor. 23, Bragi, Edda: [Goth. giban = διδόναι; A. S. gifan; Engl. give; Dutch geven; O. H. G. gepan; Germ. geben; Swed. gifva; Dan. give.]
    A. To give, with acc. of the thing, dat. of the person; g. gjafar, to give gifts, Fm. 7, Fms. vii. 40, Nj. 29, Hm. 48; mikit eitt skala manni gefa, 51; hann kvaðsk eingin yxn eiga þau áðr at honum þætti honum gefandi (gerundial, worth giving to him), Rd. 256; hann gaf stórgjafir öllu stórmenni, Ld. 114; hann gaf þeim góðar gjafir at skilnaði, Gísl. 9; Rútr gaf henni hundrað álna, Nj. 7; viltú g. mér þá, 73, 75, 281, passim.
    II. to give in payment, to pay; gefa vildim vit þér fé til, we will give thee money for it, Nj. 75; yðr væri mikit gefanda (gerundial) til, at þér hefðit ekki íllt átt við Gunnar, you would have given a great deal not to have provoked Gunnar, 98; ek mun g. þér til Guðrúnu dóttur mína ok féit allt, id.: to lay out, hann gaf sumt verðit þegar í hönd, Gísl. 12; gefa e-t við e-u, to pay for a thing; at þér gefit mjök margra Kristinna manna líf við yðvarri þrályndi, that you will cause the loss of many Christian lives with your stubbornness, Fms. iv. 195; þat er líkara at ek gefa mikit við, Nj. 53; gefa sik við e-u, to give oneself to a thing, attend to, be busy about, mod.: gefa í milli, to discount; hygg at hvat þú gefr í milli tveggja systra, Fms. iv. 195 (hence milli-gjöf, discount).
    III. in special sense, to give in matrimony; Njáll bað konu til handa Högna ok var hon honum gefin, Nj. 120; Vígdís var meir gefin til fjár en brautargengis, V. had been more wedded to the money than to her advancement, Ld. 26; segir at dóttir þeirra muni eigi betr verða gefin, 114:—gefa saman, to betroth, Fms. x. 381:—in mod. sense to marry, of the clergyman.
    2. to give as a dowry, portion; búum þeim er Sveinn hafði gefit til hennar, Fms. x. 310 (hence til-gjöf, dowry); eigi skal ok í klæðum meira heiman gefask með konu en þriðjungr (hence heiman-gjöf, dowry), Gþl. 212:—so also, gefa í erfðir, to give as inheritance, Bs. i. 285:—gefa ölmusu, to give alms, Bs. passim; gefa fátækum, to give to the poor, passim.
    IV. to give, grant; hann gaf honum vald yfir öllu landi, Fms. i. 18; gefa heimleyfi, to grant ‘home-leave,’ furlough, ix. 474; gefa orlof, ii. 64; gefa grið, to grant a truce to one, pardon, Nj. 165, Fms. ix. 479; gefa e-m líf, to grant one his life, 470.
    V. in various phrases; gefa e-m nafn, to give one a name, Nj. 91, Fms. i. 23, Grág. ii. 146; gefa þakkir, to give thanks, Fms. i. 231; gefa e-m tillæti, to indulge one, Nj. 169; gefa e-m rúm, to give place to one, Fms. ii. 254, vi. 195; gefa ráð, to give counsel, advice, Nj. 75, 78; gefa góð orð, to give good words, answer gently; gefa e-m stór orð, to give one big words, Fms. v. 158; gefa slög, to deal blows, ix. 313; gefa gaum at, to give heed to, Nj. 57, Eg. 551; gefa hljóð, to give a hearing, in public speaking, Nj. 230; gefa tóm, to give time, leisure, 98; gefa ró reiði, to calm one’s wrath, 175:—gefa e-m sök, to bring a charge against, complain of, 82; ok gaf ek þó hjálminum enga sök á því, I did not like the helmet less for that, Ld. 128; at eigi sé mælt, at þú gefir dauðum sök, that thou bringest a charge against a dead man (which was unlawful), Nj. 82; en hvártki okkat gefr þat öðru at sök, neither of us likes the other the less for that, 52; ekki gef ek þér þat at sök þótt þú sér engi bleyðimaðr, 54; engi þorði þó sakir á at gefa, none durst complain, Al. 123; Sigurðr jarl bað konung eigi gefa Þrændum þetta at sök, Fms. i. 57; gefa kæru upp á e-n, to give in a complaint against one, Dipl. ii. 13.
    2. gefa sér um …, to give oneself trouble about, take interest in, mostly followed by a noun; gefa sér fátt um e-t, to take coolly; gefa sér mikit um, to take great interest in; Þorfinnr lét gefa honum mat, en gaf sér lítið at honum, but else took little notice of him, Grett. 96; ekki er þess getið, at hann gæfi sér mikit um, that he shewed great interest, Fms. i. 289; mun ek mér ok ekki um þetta gefa, I will let this pass, not take offence at it, Boll. 354; en ef til mín kæmi tveir eða þrír, þá, gaf ek mér ekki um, then I took no notice of it, Fms. ii. 151; konungr gaf sér fátt um þat, Fb. i. 261; hann þóttisk vita hvat keisaranum mislíkaði ok gaf sér þó ekki um at sinni, Fms. vi. 71; ok gáfu sér ekki um viðbúnaðinn, vii. 87; so also, Skúli gaf sér litið at hvat biskup sagði, S. troubled himself little at what the bishop said, Bs. i. 873:—akin is the mod. phrase, eg gef ekki um það, I do not want it; gefðu ekki um það, do not care for it, mind it not; eg gaf ekki um að sjá það, I did not want to see it, etc.
    3. gefa staðar, to stop; lét hann þá staðar gefa róðrinn, he stopped rowing, Fms. vi. 384; konungr gaf staðar ok hlýddi til frásagnar þeirra, viii. 400; ok þá er sá íss gaf staðar ok rann eigi, Edda 3; ok þeir gefa eigi stað ferðinni fyrr en þeir kómu norðr, 151 (pref.); svá at staðar gaf (MS. naf) höndin við sporðinn, 40.
    VI. to give out, deal out; hón bað gefa sér drekka, bade give him to drink, Eg. 604: to give a dose, gefa e-m eitr, Al. 156:—absol. to give fodder to cattle, gefa göltum, Hkv. 2. 37; gefa nautum, kúm, hestum, Sturl. ii. 42, Gísl. 28:—gefa á, to dash over, of sea-water, cp. ágjöf: to pour water on, var gluggr á ofninum syá at útan mátti á gefa, Eb. 134; síðan lét hann gefa útan á baðit í glugg, 136; gefa á ker, to fill a goblet, Clar.: metaph. to press on, gefr Ormr þá á, Fb. i. 530 (in wrestling).
    VII. with prepp., fyrir-gefa, to forgive, freq. in mod. usage, but scarcely found in old writers; so also gefa til, cp. Dan. tilgive, D. N., vide Safn i. 96, (rare and obsolete):—gefa upp, to give up; gefa upp gamalmenni, to give old people up, let them starve, Fms. ii. 225; gefa upp föður eða móður, 227; bændr báðu hann gefa upp eyna, Grett. 145: to remit, en þó vil ek nú upp gefa þér alla leiguna, Nj. 128; gaf honum upp reiði sína, Fms. x. 3, 6; ok gefit oss upp stórsakir, ii. 33; Brján konungr gaf upp þrysvar útlögum sínum inar sömu sakir, Nj. 269: absol., hvárt vilit þér gefa honum upp, pardon him, 205; gefa upp alla mótstöðu, to give up all resistance, Fms. ix. 322; gefa sik upp, to give oneself up, surrender, i. 198; þá gefum vér upp várn stað, 104; gefa upp ríki, konungdóm, to give up the kingdom, abdicate, resign, x. 4, xi. 392: to give up, hand over to one, Magnús konungr gaf honum upp Finnferðina með slíkum skildaga, vii. 135; ek vil gefa ykkr upp búit at Varmalæk, Nj. 25; allir hafa þat skaplyndi at gefa þat fyrst upp er stolit er, 76: to give up, leave off, gefa upp leik, to give up playing, Fas. iii. 530; gefa upp horn, Fms. vi. 241: to exhaust, empty, upp ætlu vér nú gefnar gersimar yðrar, vii. 197.
    B. IMPERS., a naut. term; e-m gefr byri, byr (acc. pl. or sing.), one gets a fair wind; gaf þeim byr ok sigla þeir í haf, Nj. 4; gaf þeim vel byri, 138; er þeir vóru búnir ok byr gaf, Eg. 99: so also absol. with or without dat. of the person, gaf kaupmönnum burt af Grænlandi, the sailors got a wind off Greenland, so as to sail from it, Fb. iii. 454; því at eigi gaf suðr lengra, Fms. ii. 185; gaf þeim vel, ix. 268; gaf honum ílla, x. 4; gaf honum eigi austan, Nj. 63: so in the saying, svo gefr hverjum sem hann er góðr.
    2. in other phrases, to get a chance; ef færi (acc.) gefr á, if you get a chance, Nj. 266; halda njósnum, nær bezt gæfi færi á honum, to keep a look-out, when there was best chance to get at him, 113; til þess gefr nú vel ok hógliga, ‘tis a fair and easy opportunity for that, Al. 156; mæltu menn at honum hafði vel gefit til ( had good luck) um hefndina, Fms. vii. 230; ef yðr (dat.) gefr eigi missýni í þessu máli, if you are not mistaken in this matter, Fbr. 32; gaf þeim glámsýni (q. v.) er til vóru komnir, Sturl. i. 179, Stj. 401; þá gaf mér sýn, then I beheld (in a vision), Fms. vii. 163; þat gaf öllum vel skilja, it was clear for all to understand, it lay open to all, vi. 70; e-m gefr á að líta, one can see, i. e. it is open and evident.
    C. REFLEX., gefask vel (ílla), to shew oneself, prove good ( bad); það sé ván at þú gefisk honum eigi vel, er þú gefsk öllum öðrum mönnum ílla, Nj. 32; eigi deilir litr kosti ef þú gefsk vel, 78; hversu gafsk Björn þér, Kári, 265; opt hafa mér vel gefisk yður ráð, your counsels have often proved good to me, Ld. 252; hefir þeim þat ok aldri vel gefisk ( it has never turned out well) í þessu landi, Fms. vii. 22; ílla gefask ílls ráð, a saying, Nj. 20; hétu allir góðu um at gefask vel (i. e. to fight manfully), Fms. vii. 262:—to happen, turn out, come to pass, sem síðan gafsk, x. 416; svá honum gafsk, so it turned out for him, Sl. 20; ok svá gæfisk, ef eigi hefði Guð þá sína miskun til sent, and so it would have come to pass, unless …, Fms. x. 395:—gefsk mér svá, it seems to me so, methinks it is so, Karl. 290, 308 (vide A. V. 2. above); þat allsheri at undri gefsk, to all people it is a wonder, Ad. 18; e-m er e-t svá gefit, to be so and so disposed, to think so and so of a thing; ef þér er þetta svá gefit sem þú segir, Fms. v. 236; svá er mér gefit, son minn, at ek em þér fegin orðin, Ó. H. 33; sagði hann at svá mundi jarli gefit, Fms. ix. 244; en svá ætla ek flestum lendum mönnum gefit, at eigi munu skiljask frá Skúla jarli, 429, v. l.; þyki mér ok sem svá muni flestum gefit, at fé sé fjörvi firr, Ld. 266; en þat mun þó mestu um stýra hversu Þórdísi er um gefit, 302; síðan talaði konungr þetta mál við systur sína, ok spurði hversu henni væri um þetta gefit, Fms. ii. 221: of the gifts of nature, mikill máttr er gefinn goðum várum, Nj. 132; ok er þat mál manna, at henni hafi allt verit ílla gefit þat er henni var sjálfrátt, i. e. that she was a bad woman in everything of her own making (but well gifted by nature), 268; ok svá er sagt at honum hafi flestir hlutir höfðinglegast gefnir verit, 254.
    2. with prepp., gefask upp, to give up, give in, surrender, Nj. 64, 124, Eg. 79: mod. to lose one’s breath: upp gefinn, upset; eigi þykjumk ek upp gefinn þó at ek sjá smávofur, Grett. 112; eigi þyki mér vit upp gefnir, ef vit veitumk at, 131; en þó at þeir feðgar sé ríkir menn, þá eru vér þó ekki upp gefnir fyrir þeim, Fb. ii. 195: in mod. usage, exhausted, having lost one’s breath, eg er uppgefinn; also of a horse, hann gafsk upp, harm er stað-uppgefinn:—e-m gefsk yfir, to do wrong, commit a fault, fail; þat mæla menn at þessi hlutr hafi konunginum yfir gefisk helzt, Fms. xi. 283; ef göfgum mönnum gáfusk stórir hlutir yfir, if the noble gave gross offence, did evil things, Bs. i. 107; engi er svá vitr at eigi gefisk yfir nokkut sinn, Karl. 451:—to give oneself to one, gefask Kristi, N. G. L. i. 339; gefsk þú hánum þá í dag með Guði, Nj. 157; gefask á vald e-s, to give oneself into another’s power, Fms. ix. 479.
    II. recipr. to give to one another; gefask gjöfum, Bret. 48; gáfusk þeir gjöfum áðr þeir skildu, Bs. i. 274.
    III. part. gefinn, given to a thing, in a spiritual sense, devout; g. fyrir bækr, lestr, smíðar, etc., given to books, reading, workmanship, etc.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > GEFA

  • 82 LIGGJA

    * * *
    (ligg; lá, lágum; leginn), v.
    1) to lie (ör liggr þar úti á vegginum);
    liggja sjúkr, to lie sick (hann liggr sjúkr heima);
    þeir lágu í sárum, they lay ill of their wounds;
    2) to lie buried (hér liggr skáld);
    3) to lie at anchor (hann lagði til hafnar ok lá þþþþþþar um hríð);
    liggja veðrfastr, to lie weather-bound;
    4) to lie, be situated, of a place (þorp ok borgir, er lágu við ríki hans);
    5) to lie, go, lead, of a road (liggr gata til bœjarins);
    6) to be covered with ice, ice-bound (vetrar-ríki var á mikit ok lágu firðir allir);
    7) to lie with, have sexual intercourse with, = liggja hjá konu;
    8) with preps. and advs.:
    liggja á e-m, to lie heavy on, weigh upon, oppress (liggja á mér hugir stórra manna);
    liggja á hálsi e-m, to hang on one’s neck, blame one;
    liggja á e-m, to be fated to one (þat lá á konungi, at hann skyldi eigi lifa um tíu vetr);
    liggja á e-u, to attend, be connected with (á þessum ráðum liggja stórmeinbugir);
    to be urgent, of importance, pressing (A. kvað honum eigi á liggja þat at vita);
    liggr honum ekki á, it does not matter to him;
    liggja á úknyttum, to pursue wicked courses;
    liggja eptir, to be left undone (skal ekki eptir liggja þat, sem vér megum þeim veita);
    liggja fyrir e-m, to lie in wait for;
    liggja fyrir, to be in store for, or open to, one;
    þœtti mér þat ráð fyrir liggja, at þú sendir menn, that the best thing would be to send men;
    liggja hjá e-rri, to lie with (lá ek hjá dóttur þinni);
    liggja í e-u, to stick or sink in (lágu hestarnir á kafi í snjónum);
    liggja í, to stick fast in mire or bog (liggr í hestrinn undir þeim);
    liggja í hernaði, víkingu, to be engaged in warfare;
    liggja niðri, to lie untold (nú skal þat eigi niðri liggja, er honum er þó mest vegsemd í);
    liggja saman, to be adjacent (lágu saman skógar þeirra Lopts);
    liggja til e-s, to belong to (naut ok sauðir, lá þat til Atleyjar);
    bœtr liggja til alls, there is atonement for every case;
    to be due or proper (þótti þat til liggja at taka af honum tignina);
    liggja til byrjar, to lie by for a fair wind;
    liggja til hafs, to lie ready for sea (lá biskup til hafs sex vikur);
    liggja um e-n, to lie in wait for;
    liggja um e-t, to be bent upon (hann liggr um þat nótt ok dag at veita yðr líflát);
    liggja undir e-n or e-m, to be subject to, belong to (þessi lönd liggja undir Danakonung);
    hlutr e-s liggr undir, one is worsted;
    liggja úti, to lie out, not in a house (sumir lágu úti á fjöllum með bú sín);
    liggja við, to lie at stake (líf mitt liggr við);
    þá muntu bezt gefast, er mest liggr við, when the need is greatest;
    e-m liggr við e-u, one is on the verge of;
    mörgum lá við bana, many lay at death’s door;
    lá við sjálft, at, ti was just on the point of.
    * * *
    pres. ligg, pl. liggja; pret. lá, 2nd pers. látt, mod. lást; subj. lægi; imperat. ligg and liggðú; part. leginn: [Ulf. ligan = κεισθαι; A. S. licgan; Chauc. to ligge; North. E. and Scot. to lig; Engl. to lie; Germ. liegen; Dan. ligge]:—to lie; ör liggr þar úti á vegginum, Nj. 115, Fas. i. 284; þeir vógu at honum liggjanda ok úvörum, 332; hann liggr á hauginum, Fb. i. 215; lá hann inni meðan þeir börðusk, Nj. 85; legsk hann niðr í runna nokkura ok liggr þar um stund, 132; Rafn lá í bekk, Sturl. i. 140; sveinar tveir er lengi höfðu úti legit á fjöllum, to lie out in the cold, Fms. ii. 98; sumir lágu úti á fjöllum með bú sín, lay out on the fells with their cattle, Sturl. iii. 75: of robbers, cp. úti-legu-maðr, an ‘outlying-man,’ outlaw; l. úti á fjöllum, Ld. 250: of freebooters, víkingar tveir, ok lágu úti bæði vetr ok sumar, Grett. 83; l. í hernaði, víkingu, to be out on a raid, Fs. 120, Eg. 1, Fms. xi. 44:—to lie, rest, þú skalt liggja í lopti hjá mér í nótt, Nj. 6; lágu þau þar tvau ein í loptinu, 7; þú skalt ríða um nætr en liggja ( but lie abed) um daga, 34; Gunnarr lá mjök langa hríð, 94; þeir lágu úti um nóttina, lay out by night, Fms. ix. 364: the phrase, liggja á gólfi, to lie on the floor, to lie in labour, Fb. ii. 263: of carnal intercourse, to lie with, hefir Guðrún dóttir mín legit hjá þér, Nj. 94; lá ek hjá dóttur þinni, 130: liggja með e-m, id., Grág. i. 128; hón hefir legit sekt í garð konungs, N. G. L. i. 358: with acc., liggja konu, stuprare, Gþl. 203, N. G. L. i. 20; at þú hafir legit dóttur Ísólfs, Lv. 78: of animals (rare), en veðrarnir ok bukkarnir lágu þær, Stj. 178:—to lie sick, hann liggr sjúkr heima at búð …, lá hann sjúkr um allt þingit, Nj. 80; Þórólfr ok Bárðr lágu í sárum, lay sick of their wounds, Eg. 34; Helga tók þá ok þyngd ok lá þó eigi, H. lay sick, but not bedridden, Ísl. ii. 274; ef griðmaðr liggr af verkum sínum, lies sick from his work, Grág. i. 154; ef hann liggr í helsótt, 201:—to lie, be buried, Björn liggr í Farmanns-haugi, Fms. i. 12; hér liggr skald, Fb. i. 215 (in a verse):—to lie at anchor, Bs. i. 713; þar lagði hann til hafnar ok lá þar um hríð, Fms. i. 145; lágu langskip konungs með endilöngum bryggjum, ix. 478; þeir lágu þar nokkura hríð undir nesi einu, Nj. 43; hann lá í Gautelfi austr, 122; þar lá fyrir í höfninni knörr einn mikill, Eg. 79; en er hann kom fyrir Elfina þá lágu þeir þar ok biðu nætr, 80; Haraldr konungr lá liði sínu út fyrir Hreinsléttu, Fms. i. 12; liggja til byrjar, to lie by for a fair wind, 135; liggja til hafs, id., Bs. i. 66, Bjarn. 4, Gísl. 7, Landn. 223: l. veðr-fastr, to lie weather-bound:—lágu hvelpar í hundunum, they were big with whelps, Fms. xi. 10: l. í kafi, to sink deep; þá liggr í hestrinn undir þeim, sank in a quagmire, Fs. 65; Gregorius lá í ísinum, Fms. vii. 273; also, lágu hestarnir á (í) kafi, Eg. 546.
    II. to be covered with ice, ice-bound (cp. leggja); vötnin lágu öll, Fbr. 13; til Vigra-fjarðar, ok lá hann allr, Eb. 84 new Ed.; lágu allir firðir, 306.
    III. to lie idle, of capital; enda er heimting til fjárins, hversu lengi sem liggr, Grág. i. 209; enda liggr féit hér alldregi, 220; erfðir liggi sem áðr er skilt um, Gþl. 254; liggja úslegit, to lie unmown, Grág. ii. 284; láta sum orð liggja (to let them lie, leave out) þau er máli eigu at skipta, þat er ljúgvitni, i. 43; l. niðri, to lie down, lie dormant, lie untold, or the like, Fagrsk, 126, Nj. 88, Ó. H. 233, Grett. 192 new Ed.; opt má satt kyrt liggja, truth may often be left alone, a saying: liggja eptir, to be left behind, untold, Fms. viii. 4: spec. usages, liggja lauss fyrir, to lie loose, lie at one’s hand; fylg þú nú virðing þinni er þér liggr laus fyrir, Boll. 360; þótti eigi svá laust fyrir liggja sem þeir hugsuðu, Fms. viii. 357: liggja undir e-m (or e-n), of power, lands, to belong to; jörðu þeirri er legit hefir undir oss langfeðrum, Gþl. 296; þat er mikit ríki, ok liggr undir biskup í Skáni, Fms. xi. 231.
    IV. to take, hold, of a measure; vatns-ker þau er í lágu matskjólur tvennar, Hom. (St.): the phrase, liggja í miklu, litlu rúmi, to take a great, a little space, metaph. to think much, little of a thing, Ld. 210, Al. 152; liggja í léttu rúmi, to care little for: e-m liggja vel (ílla) orð til e-s, to speak well ( ill) of a thing or person, Konr.; honum lágu vel orð til hans, he spoke favourably of him.
    V. to lie, be situated, of a place, road, of direction; slá er lá um þvert skipit, Nj. 125; liggja saman garðar, Gísl. 10; liggr sá steinn þar enn, Eg. 142, Gm. 4, 12; þær (the Scilly Islands) liggja vestr í hafit fra Englandi, Fms. i. 145; at garði þeim sem liggr ofan eptir mýrinni, Dipl. v. 25; er sagt er at liggi sex dægra sigling í norðr frá Bretlandi, Landn. (begin.); en Finnmörk liggr fyrir ofan öll þessi lönd, Eg. 58; Ey liggr í Hitará, Bjarn. 22; eyin liggr við þjóðleið fyrir útan, Ó. H. 116; veiði-stöð sú liggr á Breiða-firði er Bjarneyjar heita, Ld. 38; þar liggr til hafs útver, lies on the sea-side, Ó. H. 149; veginn þann er um skóginn lá, Eg. 578; sem leið liggr, Eb. 306; liggr gata til bæjarins, Gísl. 28; en til góðs vinar liggja gagnvegir, Hm. 33; leiðin liggr fram með hálsinum, Eg. 582; tjaldstaði þá er þeim þóttu beztir, ok hæst lágu, Fms. vi. 135; þangat sem leiðin liggr lægra, Sturl. ii. 247: of the body, lá hátt tanngarðrinn, he had prominent teeth, Nj. 39: of the eyes, rauðlituð augu ok lágu fagrt ok fast, Fms. viii. 447; augu þau er liggja í ljósu líki, Kormak: ofarliga mun liggja ú-jafnaðr í þér, Grett. 135 new Ed.
    B. Metaph. usages, esp. with prepp.; liggja á, to lie heavy on, to weigh upon, and metaph. to oppress; liggja á mér hugir stórra manna, Fb. i. 258, Sks. 276; l. á hálsi e-m, to hang on one’s neck, blame, Fms. xi. 336: of a fine, þar liggr ekki fégjald á, ’tis not finable, K. Þ. K. 164: to be bewitched, lie under a spell, þat lá á konungi, at hann skyldi eigi lifa um tíu vetr, Fms. x. 220 (cp. leggja á e-n and á-lög): to pursue, liggja á úknyttum, to pursue wicked things, 172; liggja á úráði, Karl. 121: to be urgent, of importance, pressing, kvað honum eigi á liggja þat at vita, Grett. 37 new Ed.; eigi þykki mér á því liggja, segir Járnskjöldr, Fb. i. 259; mun þar stórt á liggja, ’tis a grave matter, Nj. 62; nú liggr honum ekki á ( it does not matter for him), þótt hann komi aldri til Íslands, Band. 10: mod., það liggr ekki á, it does not press, is not urgent; mér liggr á, it lies on me, is pressing for me: impers. to feel, be in spirits so and so, liggr vel á e-m, to be in good spirits; liggr ílla á e-m, to be in low spirits, the metaphor being taken from the pressure on the mind: leaving out the prep., lá honum þat ílla, it weighed heavily on hitn, Bs. i. 775:—liggja að, in the phrase, það lá að, that was just what was to be expected! an expression of dislike:—liggja fyrir e-m, to lie before one, of things to be done or to happen, of what is fated, doomed (see for-lög); þætti mér þat ráð fyrir liggja, faðir, at þú sendir menn, the best thing to be done would be to send men, Eg. 167; at þat mundi fyrir liggja at búask til orrostu, 283; en Bera kvað Egil vera víkings-efni, kvað þat mundu fyrir liggja, þegar hann hefði aldr til, 190: liggja fyrir e-m, to lie in one’s way, in ambush (cp. fyrirsát), Edda 148 (pref.), Eg. 240:—liggja um e-t, to lie in wait for, Fms. x. 287; l. um líf e-s, to seek one’s life, Stj. 550, Sks. 722:—liggja til, to be due to, deserved; þótti þat til liggja at taka af honum tignina, Eg. 271: to belong to, naut ok sauðir, lá þat til Atleyjar, 719: to fit to, til sumra meina liggr bruni (as a remedy), 655 xi. 28; bætr liggja til alls, there is atonement for every case, Fas. iii. 522; e-m liggr vel (ílla) orð til e-s, to speak well (or evil) of a person, Sturl. iii. 143:—liggja undir, to lie underneath, be worsted, of wrestling, Bárð. 166; fyrir hverjum liggr hlutr þinn undir, Eb. 156:—liggja við, to lie at slake; deildi … ok hafði einn þat er við lá, Ísl. ii. 215; en þeir köru at hætta til, er féfang lá við svá mikit, Eg. 57; skal þar liggja við mundrinn allr, Nj. 15; liggr þér nökkut við?—Líf mitt liggr við, segir hann, 116; þá muntú bezt gefask, er mest liggr við, when the need is greatest, 179; svá er ok at mikit liggr yðr þá við, 227; en mér liggr hér nú allt við, it is all important to me, 265; þótt ek vita at líf mitt liggi við, 115; lá við sjálft, at …, it was on the point of …, Al. 79: mod., það lá við, að …
    C. Reflex. to lay oneself down, lie down; þá er þat étr ok er fullt liggsk þat ok söfr (of cattle), Best. 58, cp. Gm.
    2. e-m liggsk e-t, to leave behind, forget; svínið lásk mér eptir, Skíða R. 185; legisk hefir mér nokkut í minni venju, ek gáða eigi at taka blezun af biskupi, Bs. i. 781: hence the mod. phrase, mér láðist ( I forgot) and mér hefir láðst, which is a corruption from mér lásk eptir; for lá mér eptir, read lásk mér eptir, I forgot, neglected (?), Skv. 1. 20; láskat þat dægr háski, it did not miss, did not fail, Arnór; láskat, be failed not, Bjarn. (in a verse).

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > LIGGJA

  • 83 MÆLA

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    I)
    (-ta, -tr), v.
    1) to speak, with acc. and absol. (Flosi mælti ekki orð á meðan);
    mæla mörgum orðum, to use many words;
    mæla e-n orðum, to address one;
    mæla æðru, to express fear, despondency;
    mæla lög, to speak law, have law on one’s side in pleading;
    mæla málum, to plead a cause;
    mæla mælt mál, to speak what others say;
    2) to stipulate, appoint, settle (var svá mælt, at S. jarl skyldi koma til Dyflinnar);
    mæla mót með sér, to fix an interview;
    mæla sér e-t, to claim for oneself (ef þú vilt þér mæla man);
    3) with preps.:
    mæla aptr, to retract (one’s words);
    mæla á máli, to speak a language (mæla á Írsku);
    mæla eptir e-n, to take up the prosecution in the case of a slain man (þú átt eptir hraustan mann at mæla);
    mæla eptir e-m, to take one’s part;
    mæla fyrir, to order, prescribe (sagði Jófríðr honum, ar barnit er út borit, sem hann hafði fyrir mælt);
    mæla fyrir e-u, to claim;
    allt þat silfr, er hann mælti fyrir, which he had bargained for;
    mæla fyrir griðum, to declare a truce (by using the proper formula);
    mæla vel fyrir e-m, to express a wish for a person’s good fortune (G. gaf sveininum gullsylgju ok mælti vel fyrir honum);
    mæla fyrir minni, to propose a toast;
    mæla í móti e-u, to gainsay, oppose, object to (allir heiðnir menn mæltu í móti);
    mæla til e-s, to speak to one;
    hón mælti til hans djarfliga, she spoke up to him boldly;
    to speak of one (Gunnar hafði aldri illa mælt til Njálssona);
    mæla til e-s, to express a wish for a thing (þeir mæltu til vináttu með sér at skilnaði);
    mæla til friðar, to sue for peace;
    mæla e-t til e-s, to claim, call for as payment (þeir fóru lengi undan ok mæltu til fé mikit at lyktum);
    mæla um e-t, to say about a thing (G. spurði, hvat hann mælti um hrossin);
    to utter, say solemnly (þat læt ek verða um mælt, at);
    mæla e-n undan e-u, to beg one off from (mæla e-n undan dauða);
    mæla við e-n, to speak to (G. mælti við Ögmund: fylg þú þeim til húsa minna);
    mæla við e-u, to gainsay, refuse;
    4) refl., mælast.
    (-da, -dr), v. to measure.
    * * *
    1.
    t, [Ulf. maþlian = λαλειν; A. S. mæðlan, madelian; Germ. melden by way of metathesis; Old Engl. mele; the Dan. mæle as well as the Icel. are contracted forms, cp. nál from nadal]:—to speak, with acc. and absol.; mæli þarft eðr þegi, Hm. 18; mæla staðlausa stafi, id.; hví þegið ér, svá at mæla né meguð, Ls.; margir menn mæltu ílla við Skamkel, Nj. 80; eigi munt þú þat vilja mæla, 85; Gizurr hvíti (Njáll), … mælti, 90, 91, 220, 228; stafnbúar mæltu, at hann skyldi mæla allra hötðingja heilastr, Fms. vii. 290; mæl þú allra drengja heilastr, viii. 97; þat þætti mér mælanda (gerund.), that is a remarkable speech, Fb. ii. 196; mæla mörgum orðum, to use many words, Hm. 104; mæla þessum orðum, to use these words, Hkr. ii. 78; mæla e-n orðum, to address, Vþm. 4; mæla í hug sér, to speak to oneself, 623. 54; mæla máli, to speak a language; hann mælti allstaðar þeirra máli sem hann væri allstaðar þar barnfæddr sem þá kom hann, Bs. i. 80.
    2. special usages; mæla áljót, to speak a libel, Grág. ii. 146; mæla æðru, to express fear, despondency, despair, Nj. 199; mæla tál, hégóma, to tell tales, falsehoods, 258; mæla lög, to speak law, to have the law on one’s side in pleading, Fms. vii. 142; mæla ljóst, to speak out, Nj. 102; mæla í mútur, to speak with reserve (see múta); hafa réttara at mæla, to speak true, have right on one’s side, Fms. iii. 22; mæla lögskil or lögskilum, to speak or perform public duties in court or in the assembly, Nj. 3, Ísl. ii. 255; mæia helgi e-s, to pronounce the inviolability of, Grág. i. 92; mæla nálum, to plead a cause, 2; en er höfðingjar höfðu þar mælt þeim málum sem þar stóðu lög til, Ld. 32; mæla e-s máli, Grág. i. 198; mæla mælt mál, to say what all the world says, Gísl. 11, Stj. 463: mod. to say a plain word, speak plainly; bréf harðlega mælt, worded, Bs. i. 554, Fms. ix. 389.
    II. to stipulate; mæla e-t með sér, to fix, stipulate, appoint: fundusk þeir, sem mælt hafði verit með þeim, Nj. 256; mæla mót með sér, to fix an interview, Eg. 564; mæla sér man, to fix an interview with her, Hm. 97:—mæla sér e-t, to stipulate, bargain for; vér höfum fund várn mæltan ár hvert hér í Gula, N. G. L. i. 4; ek hefka fé mælt mér í dóm þenna ok monka ek mæla, Grág. i. 79; slíkan stað ok máldaga sem þeir áttu sér mæltan, 154; þeir mæltu til fé mikit at lyktum, Nj. 99; mælti hann þat til at eiga dóttur hans, 271; en hón mælti þat til við konung, at hann skyldi vinna allan Noreg, Fms. x. 181; hvat er til mælt, Fs. 92; ek mæli til kaupa við þik, Nj. 3; þeir mæltu til vináttu með sér at skilnaði, Eg. 691; þeir mæla til bardaga með sér um morguninn, Fb. i, 142; hygg þú at því vandliga at þú mæl til hvers-vetna ílla þess er þú beiðir hann, Fms. xi. 58; hús þau er til skaða-bóta eru mælt, for which compensation has been stipulated, Grág. i. 459; mæla til friðar, to sue for peace, Fas. ii. 121 (frið-mælask).
    III. with prepp.; mæla á máli, to speak in a language; mæla á Irsku, Ld. 76:—mæla aptr, to retract, Sturl. i. 46:—mæla eptir e-m, to take one’s part, excuse him, Nj. 26, 53, Fms. vii. 120: to request, demand, ix. 52: but mæla eptir e-n, with acc., to lead the prosecution (eplir-mál) in the case of a slain man, Grág., Nj., Sagas passim:—mæla fyrir, to order, prescribe; sem biskup mælir fyrir, Grág. i. 377; sem Þórðr mælti fyrir, Ld. 44; allt þat silfr er hann mælti fyrir, which he had bargained, Fær. 6; þat bréf er konungr mælti svá fyrir, at …, Fms. ix. 447: to declare, Nj. 15: to cite a formulary, preamble, or the like, mæla fyrir skipi, to say the prayer when a ship first puts to sea; gékk Þorvaldr til siglu ok mælti fyrir skipi eptir sið, Bs. i. 774; thus, mæla fyrir griðum, to declare a truce, by using the proper formulary, Fms. ix. 53, Nj. 106; mæla fyrir minni, to propose a toast, Fms. i. 35:—mæla móti, to gainsay, speak against, Eg. 72, Nj. 129, 158, Fms. vii. 290:—mæla til e-s, see above:—mæla um e-t, to speak about a thing, Hom. 157; konungr varð styggr ok mælti um nokkurum orðum, Eg. 16: to use an expression, utter (in an emphatic sense), of spells or the like, mikit hefir Jökull um mælt, svá at mér er þat eigi þolanda, Fs. 54; læt ek þat um mælt, at þú munt …, Ísl. ii. 197, v. l.; þar mynda ek hafa gefit þér upp eina sök, ef ek hefða eigi svá mikit um mælt, Hrafn. 8; svá fór sem vér gátum at mikil-mannliga mundi verða um mælt af þinni hendi, Fms. xi. 111; læt ek þat verða um mælt (of a spell) at þú verðir at enni ljótustu trollkonu, Fas. ii. 152: cp. mæli eg um og legg eg aá in mod. tales of witches saying their spell:—mæla við e-n, to speak to a person, address, Nj. 3, Eg. 92, passim; mæla við e-u, to gainsay, Edda 39, Fms. vii. 123, Þiðr. 253, Hkr. ii. 198:—compds, á-mæla, to blame; for-mæla, to accuse; hall-mæla, to blame:—impers., mælir svá, it is said, Hom. 155.
    IV. reflex. to speak, express oneself, esp. with prepp.; mælask fyrir, to ejaculate, say one’s say; finnrinn mæltisk innan fyrir, og sagði svá, he spoke from the inner part of the house. Fms. x. 262; hví þú, Gangráðr, mælisk af gólfi fyrir? Vþm. 9; hann biðsk fyrir ok mælisk nú fyrir sem honum þótti vænligast, Fms. xi. 134; Finnr andaðisk ór sótt þeirri ok mæltisk áðr vel fyrir, ii. 164; mælask vel, ílla fyrir, to be well (ill) spoken of, to make a good (bad) impression; görum vit góða hans ferð, hann hefir mikils misst, þat mun vel fyrir mælask, Nj. 29; víg Gunnars spurðisk, ok mæltisk ílla fyrir um allar sveitir, 117; mæltisk kvæðit vel fyrir, Fms. vii. 113; ílla mun þat fyrir mælask, at ganga ásættir við frændr sína, Ld. 238:—mælask undan, to excuse oneself, decline, Fms. ix. 227, Fb. i. 100:—mælask um, to utter, express; eigu vér þvi at vera úkvíðnir ok mælask eigi ílla um, Fms. xi. 389.
    2. recipr., mælask við, to speak to one another, converse; ekki mæltusk þeir fleira þann dag við, Fms. vii. 127; mun hvat við höfum við mælsk, Nj. 111; ok munu vit þess þurfa at muna þat, at vit höfum vel við mælsk, 54; mælask ílla við, to bandy words, N. G. L. i. 333; mælask við einn saman, to talk to oneself ( soliloquize), Stj. 617; Þorvaldr mæltisk mjök einn við á Þinginu, því at engir gengu í berhögg við hann, i. e. Th. had alone the word, for none in the parliament opposed him, Sturl. ii. 61.
    3. impers., e-m mælisk vel, to speak well; skal eigi marka reiðs manns mál, kann vera at okkr mælisk betr annat sinn, Sturl. ii. 178: to make a good speech, sögðu menn at honum mæltisk vel, Nj. 87; at lögbergi var görr mikill rómr, at Merði mæltisk vel ok sköruliga, 230.
    4. part. mæltr (q. v.), spoken.
    2.
    d, [mál], to measure, Clem. 33, Sks. 629, Grág. i. 462, Fms. ii. 230, K. Á. 206, N. G. L. i. 323, passim.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > MÆLA

  • 84 VERA

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    I)
    (er; var, várum or vórum; verit), v.
    1) to be, exist; þeir menn vóru, er, there were men who;
    2) to be, happen; þat var, at hón fór brott, so it was that she went away; en er váraði, var þar búskortr, there was scarcity in the household; hvat er henni, what is the matter with her! þat var einn dag, at, it happened one day that; kann (má) v., at, it is possible, it may be that;
    3) to last; meðan þingit væri, while the Thing lasted;
    4) láta e-n v., to leave one alone (lát mik v. ok ger mér ekki illt); bað hann láta v., begged him to leave it undone, not to do it;
    5) to dwell, stay; hann bað hana vera í búð sinni, he asked her to stay in his booth; hann var á Höskuldsstöðum um nótt, he passed a night at H.;
    6) with infin., hlymr var at heyra, a clattering was to be heard; þar var at sjá, there was to be seen; v. at gera e-t, to be doing a thing; kvað hann v. at telja silfr, said he was counting the money; denoting necessity, a thing about to happen, or to be done; nú er þeim út at ganga öllum, er leyft er, now all those must go out to whom leave is given; er nú eigi Kára at varast, now there is no need to beware of K.; nú er þar til máls at taka, at, now it is to be told that; nú er at segja frá Skamkatli, now we must tell of S.;
    7) with a predicate (noun, a., or adv.); v. konungr, Jarl, biskup, to be king, earl, bishop; v. glaðr, sæll, hryggr, ungr, gamall, to be glad, happy, sad, young, old; v. vel, illa til e-s, to be well, ill-disposed towards one; þat er illa, it is sad; vera spakliga í heraði, to behave gently; orð kvað þá Vingi þats án veri, words which he had better not have said;
    8) impers., e-m er varmt, heitt, kalt, one is warm, cold;
    9) with past participles in passive sense; v. kallaðr, sagðr, tekinn, to be called, said, taken;
    10) with preps., v. af e-u, to be off, out of (v. af klæðum); v. at e-u, to be busy at; verkmenn váru at arningu, they were ploughing; to be present (þar varstu at); ek var at ok vafk, I was about weaving; þeir höfðu verit at þrjú sumur, they had been busy at it for three summers; v. eptir, to be left, remain (A. kvazt vilja v. eptir ok hvílast); v. fyrir, to lead ( see fyrir); v. til, to exist; v. um, undir, see um, undir.
    f.
    1) stay, sojourn; ef hann á sér í vá veru, if he has a corner to stay in;
    2) comfort (slíkt er válaðs v.).
    * * *
    older form vesa, the verb substantive; pres. em, ert, er, pl. erum, eruð, eru: pret. var, vart (mod. varst), var, pl. váru or vóru; a obsolete óru occurs, Sæm. (once), Orkn. 426. l. 11, Nj. 81, Thom. 28, 90, 102, 116, 150, 196, Ísl. ii. 482: pres. subj. sé, sér (Vþm. 4, 7), sé; the older form is sjá, en ek sjá, Clem. 138. l. 14; at ek sjá, … ok sé mér eigi reiðr, 145, Fms. viii. 299, x. 384, xi. 124, Eg. 127; for the forms sják, sjákk, see below: the mod. forms are sé, sért, sér (eg sé, þú sért; s ert and ert make a rhyme in Pass. 34. 5): imperat. ver, vertú; see Gramm. p. xxiii: there also occurs a subj. pres. verir, veri, Sdm. 22, Ls. 54; þatz án veri, Am. 36; skósmiðr þú verir, Hm. 126, but rarely.
    A. CHANGES AND FORMS.—Vera is an anomalous verb, which has undergone several changes:
    I. by changing s to r; of the older form there occur, the infin. vesa, pres. es, pret. vas, vast (vastu), vas; pres. subj. vesi; imperat. ves, MS. 623. 25. l. 14, 645. 6l. l. 33, 677. 40. l. 38; vestu, 623. 25, Post. (Unger) 129. l. 27, 229. l. 12; vesum, Hom. (Arna-Magn. 237) p. 214. l. 8; pres. indic. 2nd pers. est, Glúm. 372; 3rd pers. es: but no traces remain of the older form in pret. plur. indic. and subj. (váru væri, never vásu væsi). Rhymes in poets and the spelling of the oldest extant poems shew that the s form alone existed in Icel. down to about the end of the 12th century, the time of Snorri Sturluson, when the modern forms crept in probably from Norway, for there the change seems to have taken place a century or so earlier; the old Norse vellums (written in Norway or by Norsemen) are distinguished from the Icel. by their constant use of the r: the phrase ‘at upp vesandi sólu’, in N. G. L. i. 4, being the only instance of the s form in all the Norse vellums. The earliest instances extant of a rhyme to the r form are, the Ht. of Rögnvald, earl of the Orkneys; he was a native of Norway, born about A. D. 1100, and the poem was composed about A. D. 1145; another instance is ‘vara, fara’ in Fms. vii. 185, in a poem about A. D. 1140, written by an Icelander who had lived in Norway the greater part of his life, the rhyme is therefore a Norwegianism. The first instance in an Icel. poem is in the Ht. of Snorri, A. D. 1222. Instances from poets, Hallfred, Sighvat, Arnórr, and coeval poets; vesa, vísi; sás með Sygna ræsi; þági vas sem þessum; vask til Róms í háska; vastu, kosta; vas fyrir Mikkjals- messu; nú es um verk þau er vísi; bráskat þat dægr háski: from A. D. 1100–1150, Geisli, Pd., etc., svás, ræsir; esat, risnu; vasa, tysvar; vestu. freistni; vestu, traustla: on the other hand, in the poem of earl Rögvald, vera, skera; gera, vera; var, skar (twice): from later Icel. poems it is sufficient to note, erðu, fyrðum; ertú, h jarta; verðú, f orðast, Leiðarv. etc. This may sometimes serve as a test, e. g. var ek nær viðr-eign þ eirra, Grett., and skap-kers saman vera, Gísl., are impossible in the mouth of poets of the early Saga time; the verses of both these Sagas are a later composition.
    2. as to the spelling of the MSS.,—the oldest (the Arna-Magn. 677, the Eluc. 674, the Íb. etc.) use the s throughout: vellums of the next period, about A. D. 1200 (e. g. Arna-Magn. 623 and 645), use the later form sparingly, even the second hand in the Reykholts máldagi gives ‘es,’ not ‘er.’ Again, in the vellums of the middle of the 13th century, such as the Cod. Reg. of the Sæm., the Grág., and the Mork., the mod. spelling has entirely got the better of the old, and an ‘es’ only creeps in, as if unawares, from an older copy. Of the poetical literature, the Pd. alone has been preserved in a copy old enough to retain the s; all the rest have the modernised spelling, even in the rhymed syllables quoted above; such too is the case with the Cod. Reg. of the Sæm. Edda; but had that vellum been but fifty or sixty years older, the forms vesa, es, vas, etc. would now be the established spelling in Editions of these poems.
    3. on Danish and Swedish Runic stones, the 3rd pers. pret. sing. is a word of frequent occurrence; the best Danish monuments have vas, e. g. ias vas farinn vestr, Thorsen 93 and 101 (on a stone of the reign of Sweyn, died A. D. 1014). In Sweden the great majority present the later form: the so-called Ingvar stones are chronologically certain, being of the middle of the 11th century (Ingvar died A. D. 1039); there we read, ‘vas’ (twice), ‘varinn’ (once), ‘var’ (thrice, being twice spelt with ᛦ, once with ᚱ): this shews that about this time in Sweden the later or more modern form had begun to be used, but that the old was still remembered.
    II. suffixed personal pronoun or suffixed negation; em’k (tautologically ek em’k = I-am-I), emk, Ad. 1, Vþm. 8, Fms. xi. 91; ek emk, Mork. 89. l. 13, 104. l. 23, Clem. 136. l. 20, 138. l. 13; vask, I was, 133. l. 25, Mork. 89. l. 16; vark, Post. 225, v. l. 15; ek vark, Ls. 35; vestu, be thou, Clem. 129. l. 27; es þú, art thou, l. 30, 130. l. 11; sjá’k ( may I be), ek sják, Mork. 134; at sják, 189. l. 29; ek sják, Hbl. 9, Hkv. 1. 20; at ek gjarn sják, Stor.; with double kk, þó at ek sjákk, Mork. 89.
    2. a medial form, erumk, erumz, or apocopated erum, Stor. 1, Ad. 16, Hkv. 1. 25, Korm. ch. 5. 2, Ls. 35, Bragi (see senna); leið erum-k fjöll, Edda (in a verse); várumk, were to me, Am. 78.
    3. suff. neg. eru-mk-a, it is not to me, Stor. 17, Eg. (in a verse); emkat-ek, am I not I, i. e. I am not, Hbl. 34, Skm. 18, Ó. H. 192 (in a verse): er-at, es-at, or er-a, es-a, is not, passim; eru-ð, are not, Skv. 1. 42; ert-attu, thou art not, Vtkv.; vart-attu, thou wast not, Gs., Eg. (in a verse); veri-a, be not, Mork. 37. l. 8.
    4. sá’s = sá es, that is, Hallfred (Fs. 95); svá’s = svá es, so is, Fms. vii. (in a verse).
    III. the plur. eru when suffixed to words ending in r drops the initial e, and is suffixed; this spelling, which agrees with mod. Icel. pronunciation, was afterwards disused; þeir-ro, they are, Gm. 34; margir-ro, many are, Hkv. 2. 11; Æsir-ro, the Ases are, Vsp. 49; skildir-ro, shields are, 44; torogætir-ro, rare are, Korm. (in a verse); hverjar-ro, which are, Vþm. 48; langir-ro, long are, Gg.; tveir-ro, þrír-ro, fjórir-ro, two, three, four are, Edda 108; báðir-ro, both are, Mork. 169; hér-ro, here are, 234; þér-ro, ye are, MS. 686 B. 1; hryggvir-ro, id.; hver-ro, who are, Mork. 96; úvar-ro, wroth are, Gm. 53; værrom, vérrom, we are, Edda i. 526, Fms. x. 421; hverrtu [cp. North. E. wh’art’ou, lad] (hverrtú karl, who art thou, carle?), Frissb. 256. l. 8; ir-rot, ye are, Ó. H. 151.
    IV. the pres. 1st pers. em [Engl. am] has changed into er (eg er, þú ert, hann er), making the 1st and 3rd pers. uniform; this new form appears in vellums about the end of the 13th century, but the word being usually abbreviated (ē = em, eͬ = er), it is often hard to distinguish. In the Icel. N. T. and in hymns the old ‘em’ still remains in solemn language, em eg, Matth. xxvii. 24; eigi em eg, John xviii. 17; eg em hann, 5, 8, xi. 25, xv. 1, 5, Matth. xiv. 27; em eg eigi postuli, em eg eigi frjáls, 1 Cor. ix. 1; em eg orðinn, 20, 22, and passim.
    B. USAGE.—To be:
    I. to be, exist; þær sakir skal fyrst dæma, ef þær eru, if such there are, Grág. (Kb.) i. 73; eigi vóru hans jafningjar, Eg. 1; Rachel grét sonu sína, … þvi at þeir eru eigi, Hom. 49; þeir menn vóru, er þess gátu, there were men who, Nj. 90.
    2. to be, happen; þat var, at hón for brott, Nj. 51; él eitt mun vera, 198; þess sem vera vill, that which is to be, 186; ok er (is) Vagn þá fimtán vetra gamall, er þetta er, when this came to pass, Fms. xi. 97; at þessi orrosta hafi verit á öðrum degi viku, iii. 11; í þann tið var úfriðr Kristnum mönnum, Ver. 43; hvat er henni, what is the matter with her? Fms. ii. 290; hvat er þér, Atli? er þér hryggt í hug, Gkv. 3.
    3. to last; meðan þingit væri, Nj. 12; hirðit eigi at óttask píslir þeirra—þvíat stund eina eru, 623. 32; meðan líf hans var, Bret. 100; þykkir eigi vera mega svá búit, Fms. xi. 62: to remain, leave alone, láttu það vera, let that be, Flóv.
    4. to be, dwell, stay, sojourn; vask til Róms, I was at Rome, Sighvat; hann bað hana vera í búð sinni, Nj. 12; Gunnarr var á Höskuld-stöðum um nótt, passed a night there, 34, N. G. L. i. 347: so the phrase, biðja að lofa sér að vera, to ask for night-quarters, of a stranger or traveller; lofa honum að vera, to take a stranger in; honum var boðit at vera, Vápn. 23; hefi ek hér verit síðan, Nj. 45; Hallkell var þar með Otkatli, 73; þeir vildu eigi vesa hér við heiðna menn, Íb. 4; vera samvistum við e-n, Grág. ii. 80; vera við e-t, to be present at, Hom. 129: vera at, to be present; vark at þar, Glúm.: vera brottu, to be away, absent, Nj. 113; meðan ek em í brautu, 52: sagðisk eigi vita hvar þau væri, were to be found, Dipl. ii. 20; hvar ertu? slá ein var um þvert skipit, Nj. 44; hygg ek at þar hafi verit Bolli, Ld. 274; er þér hér nú minja-griprinn, Nj. 203: as with the notion of ‘towards’ a place, an irregular construction, vartú á land upp, Fas. ii. 174; meðan þeir vóru til Danmerkr, Fms. x. 104; Ribbungar höfðu ekki verit út í landit, ix. 359; verit eigi til orrostu, vii. 263, v. l.; vera á fund hans, Eg. 26.
    5. with prepp.; vera at, to be busy at (see ‘at’ A. II, p. 26, col. 2): vera fyrir, to lead (see fyrir): vera til, to exist (see til IV); eiga fjölskyldi, vandræði, um at vera, to be in straits (see um C. VII); e-m er mikit, lítið, ekki um e-t (see um C. I. 3); vera við (see við B. VIII).
    II. with a predicate:
    1. with a noun, to be so and so; vera bróðir, systir, faðir, sonr, dóttir … e-s, vera konungr, jarl, biskup …, passim; hvers son ertú?—Ek emk Kattarson, Mork. 104; ek skal þer Mörðr vera, Nj. 15: followed by a gen. ellípt., er þat ekki karla, that is not men’s (affair), 75; er þat ekki margra, ‘that is not for many,’ few are equal to that (cp. Lat. ‘non cuivis homini,’ etc.), 48.
    2. with adjectives, to be so and so, of a state or condition; vera kunnigr, Fms. x. 370; vera glaðr, sæll, hryggr, dauðr, lifandi, … ungr, gamall, to be glad …, young, old, passim; þó at ek sjákk ótignari, Mork. 89; nema ek dauðr sják, Hbl. 9; þótt ek sják einn, Mork. 134; vera kominn, to be come: so too with adverbs, vera vel, ílla … til e-s, er við e-n, to be, behave well, ill … to one, passim; or also, þat er ílla, it is sad, Nj. 70, 71; ílla er þá, fyrr væri ílla, 75, 260; drengr góðr, þar sem vel skyldi vera, when it was to be, i. e. when she wished, 147; vera spakliga í heraði, to behave gently, Sturl. iii. 143; at þú frændr þína vammalaust verir, to behave blamelessly, Sdm. 22; orð kvað hann þats án veri, words which he had better not have said, Am. 36.
    3. impers., e-t er skylt, it is incumbent, Grág.; e-m er varmt, heitt, kalt, one is warm, cold, Nj. 95; er auðit, q. v.
    4. with participles, in a passive sense; vera kallaðr, vera sagðr, tekinn, elskaðr, etc., to be called, said, taken, loved.
    5. with infin.; hlymr var at heyra, was to hear, i. e. to be heard, Am.; þar var at sjá, there was to be seen, passim.
    6. ellipt., dropping a noun or the like, denoting futurity, necessity, a thing at hand, about to happen, or to be done; ok er hér at þiggja, Hrafn, þann greiða sem þú vill, and it is now for thee, Rafn, to partake of what food thou wilt, Ísl. ii. 262; nú er þeim út at ganga öllum, er leyft er, now it is for them to go out, Nj. 200; nú er at verja sik, 83; er nú eigi Kára at varask, now there is no need to beware of K., 259; nú er at segja frá, now is to be told, 75, 259; er nú ekki fyrr frá at segja en þeir koma …, 21; er ekki um hans ferðir at tala fyrr en …, 215.
    III. irregular usages:
    1. ellipse of the infin. vera; ek skal þér Hrútr, I will [be] Hrútr to thee, Nj. 15; Gunnarr segir sér þat alvöru, G. says it [ is to be] his earnestness, 49; vil ek þá lauss máls þessa, 76; bað hann alla metta at miðri nótt, he begged all eating [ to be over] at midnight, Fms. ix. 353; þá þótti hverjum gott þar sem sat, Nj. 50; at skamt skyli okkar í meðal, 114; mun þín skömm lengi uppi, mun hans vörn uppi meðan landit er bygt, 116, 117: or also ‘var,’ ‘er’ may be understood, hann hafði hjálm á höfði, og gyrðr sverði, 70; sá ek glöggt hvat títt var,—barn at aldri, en vegit slíka hetju, a bairn in age, and to have slain such a champion! Glúm. 382: the dropping of the infin. vera is esp. freq. after the reflex. forms kveðsk, segjask, látask, þykkjask, virðask, sýnask when followed by a part. pret. or by an adjective, as also after the verbs munu, skulu,—thus, hann sagðisk kominn, he said he was come; hann lezt búinn, he made as if he was ready; hann þóttisk staddr, he thought that he was …; skal þat á þínu umdæmi, Fms. xi. 89; þess eins er mér þykkir betr, … til hvers þykkjast þessir menn færir, Hrafn. 17; mun þat harðla lítið, 21; at fátt muni manna á fótum, 20; þú virðisk okkr vaskr maðr, 23; þessi hestr sýnisk mér eigi betri en aðrir, id.
    2. an irregularity, occurring now and then, is the use of the sing. ‘er’ for plur. eru; mannföll þessi er sögð, Gullþ. 71; nú er fram komin sóknar-gögn, Nj. 242.
    IV. recipr., erusk, vórusk; viðr-gefendr ok endr-gefendr erosk lengst vinir, Hm. 40; þeir er í nánd erusk, those who are neighbours, 655 xxi. 3; þótt þau sésk eigi hjóna, though they be not man and wife, K. Þ. K. 158; ok városk góðir vinir, were good friends, Fms. xi. 39, 89; ok várusk þeir fóstbræðr, 55.
    V. as to the poët. medial form, erumk, várumk (see ek C), the following instances are from the poems of Egil: grimmt várumk hlið, the breach was cruel to me, Stor.; erumk-a leitt, it is not to me, Eg. (in a verse); erumka þokkt þjóða sinni, see sinni II; mærðar-efni erumk auð-skæf, Ad.; mjök erum(k) tregt tungu at hræra, it is hard for me to move the tongue, Stor. 1; (hence one might correct the end verse of that poem into nú ‘erumk’ torvelt, for the modernised nú ‘er mér’ torvelt); blautr erumk bergi-fótar borr, Eg. (at the end); to which add, þat erumk sennt, it is told us, Bragi; lyst várumk þess, I had a longing to, Am. 74; ván erumk, ‘a hope is to me,’ I hope, Fagrsk. 122; the phrase, títt erumk, ‘tis ready to me, Eb. (in a verse).
    VI. part., allir menn verandi ok eptir komandi, Dipl. i. 3; æ-verandi, everlasting, Hom. 107; hjá-verandi, being present, Vm. 47; nær-verandis, present; engi nær-verandis maðr, öllum lýð nær-verandis, Th. 77; klerkar ok nær-verandi leikmenn, Mar.; at upp-vesandi sólu, at sunrise, N. G. L. i. 4; verandi eigi úminnigr, being not unmindful, Fms. v. 230.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > VERA

  • 85 om

    about, for, if, in, on, over, per, whether, whether... or
    * * *
    I. præp
    a) ( rundt om) round ( fx go round the corner; it is just round the corner; sit down round the table; with a blanket round her), about (
    fx with a shawl about her shoulders; with a sash about her waist); b) ( angående) about,
    (mere præcist el. udtømmende) of ( fx a book about gardening; a story about dogs; he told us the story of his life; what are you talking about (el. of)? have you ever heard of Clive? what have you heard about him?);
    ( om saglig, grundig redegørelse) on ( fx a book on gardening; my opinion on free trade; he gave lectures on economics);
    ( på grund af) over ( fx a dispute over the ownership; fall out (, quarrel) over money; haggle over pennies);
    [ et telegram (, en erklæring) om at] a cable (, a statement) to the effect that;
    c) ( for at få, opnå) for ( fx fight for something, ask for something); d) ( tiden når noget sker) in ( fx in the evening (, afternoon, morning); in (the) summer (, winter)),
    (se også dag, nat);
    ( foran dages navne) on ( fx we left on Monday at 7.30);
    [ om søndagen] on the Sunday,
    ( hver søndag) on Sundays;
    [ mødet blev fastsat til om søndagen] the meeting was fixed for (the) Sunday;
    [ om to dage] in two days;
    f) (pr.) a ( fx once a month, £200 a year);
    g) [ Udtryk]
    [ andre tilfælde:]
    [ det er mig meget om at gøre] I am very keen on it;
    [ det er mig meget om at gøre at du ser det] I am very anxious that you should see it (el. for you to see it);
    [ nu er det om at finde ham] now the great thing is to find him;
    [ lad mig om det] leave that to me;
    [ det må han om, ham om det] that is up to him, that is his look-out;
    [ der har været flere om det] it is the work of several persons;
    [ han var 3 timer om det] it took him 3 hours (to do it), he was 3 hours doing it,
    (se også alene, II. længe, noget, ude);
    ( aktiv) be up and doing,
    ( foretagsom) be a go-getter,
    ( egoistisk) have an eye to the main chance; look after number one;
    [ de måtte være to mand om ét tæppe] one blanket had to do for two men.
    II. adv
    ( omkring) about, round, around,
    (cf omkring);
    ( omkuld) down, over ( fx fall down (el. over));
    ( igen, på ny) (over) again, once more ( fx do it again, do it once more);
    [ en park med en mur om] a park surrounded by a wall; a park with a wall all around (el. round it);
    [ løbe om] run about, run around,
    (am) run around.
    III. conj
    ( betingende) if ( fx do it if you dare; if necessary; if possible);
    ( spørgende) if,
    (mere F) whether ( fx he asked if (el. whether) you were at home);
    [om ( end)]
    ( indrømmende) (even) if, (even) though,
    F albeit;
    (se også III. selv);
    [ i udbrud:]
    [ om han var!] you bet he was! I should say he was!
    ( også) rather!
    [ om jeg vil] will I! won't I just!
    [ om jeg (, de) kan lide øl? ja det kan du tro] do I (, they) like beer? you bet I (, they) do!
    [ andre forbindelser:]
    [om... eller] whether... or ( fx I don't care whether you like it or not);
    [om (da) ellers], se hvis;
    [ om end] although,
    F albeit;
    [ hvad om], se hvad;
    [ om ikke for andet, så for at] if (it was) only to ( fx I will do it, if only to annoy him);
    [ om ikke... så dog] (even) if not... at any rate ( fx (even) if they are not wealthy, at any rate they are very well off);
    [ som om] as if, as though;
    (= selv om) (even) if, even though;
    [ om det så er hans fjender] his very enemies, even his enemies;
    [ om der så er aldrig så mange] no matter how many there are;
    [ om så var] if so,
    F if such were the case;
    [om (nu) så var?] what if it is (, if he does, etc)?
    T so what?
    [ om så skal være] if necessary;
    [ om jeg så må sige] so to speak,
    ( mere litterært) as it were.

    Danish-English dictionary > om

  • 86 på

    at, in, on, to, upon
    * * *
    I. præp
    F upon ( fx on the ground (, floor, wall, ceiling, coast, beach, chair, table); on one's knees; on a bicycle);
    b) (i, inden for et område) in ( fx in bottles; in the toilet, in his room; in a field (, meadow, the picture, the sky); NB on the football field, on the battle field);
    ( om øer) in ( fx in the Isle of Wight, in Sicily),
    (om små el. fjerne øer) on ( fx on a desert island; on an island
    in the Pacific);
    ( ved navne på bydele, gader, pladser) in ( fx he lives in Oxford Street),
    (am) on ( fx he lives on Fifth Avenue);
    adresse etc) at ( fx at the corner, at the station; the thermometer stood at 40ø; let us stop at this place; he is at his office (, at the university); at (, in) a café (, restaurant));
    (NB in bruges hvis stedet opfattes som rum el. der tænkes på
    akvititeten, fx he can't stay in one place all the time; she works in an office; what happened in the university?);
    d) ( mål for bevægelse) at ( fx look (, stare, gaze, glance) at
    something; shoot (, throw stones) at somebody; knock at (el. on) the door),
    ( om flade) on ( fx drop something on the floor),
    ( om rum) into ( fx put something into a bottle, go out into the
    country),
    ( om sted) to ( fx go to the (post) office, go to the station, go
    to market);
    e) ( tiden, der medgår; tiden, inden for hvilken noget sker) in ( fx it was over in less than 5 minutes);
    [ på dronning Elisabeths tid] at the time (, F: in the days) of Queen Elizabeth;
    f) ( tidspunkt) at ( fx at this time of the year; dinner was served at different hours tidspunkter);
    ( dato, dag) on;
    [ på en søndag] on a Sunday;
    [(nu) på søndag] next Sunday, on Sunday (next); this coming Sunday; g) ( måde) in ( fx in another way);
    h) ( gentagelse) after ( fx shot after shot);
    i) ( beskrivelse, samhørighed) of ( fx a sum of £10; a discount of 5% on future orders; a farm of 100 acres; a girl of ten (years); the roof of the house; the leaves of the trees; he was captain of the "Eagle"); j) (om sygdom etc; med hensyn til) in ( fx blind in one eye; ill in body and mind; a country rich in minerals);
    k) ( sprog) in ( fx in Danish, in English);
    l) ( om mål for fjendtlig følelse) with ( fx be annoyed (, cross, angry, mad, furious) with somebody);
    m) (for at få etc) for ( fx call (, ring) for the waiter; wait (, hope) for an order; an order for 25 machines);
    n) [ Udtryk]
    [( for at færdiggøre:) strikke (, sy, skrive etc) på] (udtrykkes ved
    -ing, fx she is knitting a blouse (, making a dress, writing a
    novel));
    ( også) he is working on (el. at) a thesis;
    o) [ Udtryk]
    [ andre tilfælde:]
    T he is in a fix (el. a tight spot el. a tight corner);
    [ inde (, omkring, ud, ude) på], se inde etc;
    [ på en nær] except one,
    T bar one;
    (dvs på sin person) on one, about one ( fx do you have a pencil about
    (el. on) you?);
    [ bære på sig] carry about with one ( fx you should always carry your passport about with you);
    (se også II. have).
    II. adv on ( fx the lid is not on);
    [ med frakke på] wearing a coat, with a coat on;
    [ på med frakken!] on with your coat!

    Danish-English dictionary > på

  • 87 vente

    hang on, hold, hold it, hold on, wait
    * * *
    I.:
    [ være i vente] be to be expected ( fx great events are to be expected),
    [ han har skuffelser i vente] he has disappointments coming to him, there are disappointments in store for him.
    II. vb
    ( uden objekt) wait ( fx wait and see! wait here till I come; it will have to wait till tomorrow);
    T hold on, hang on;
    (tlf) wait, hold the line, hold on ( fx will you hold on or would you like him to call you back?);
    ( med objekt) ( forvente, imødese) expect ( fx we expect his arrival any minute);
    ( være i vente for) be in store for ( fx there are disappointments in store for him),
    F await ( fx a hearty welcome awaits you),
    (se også ndf: der venter ham);
    ( om gravid) be expecting ( fx she is expecting a baby); be pregnant with
    ( fx she was pregnant with our first child at that time);
    [ han ventes om få timer] he is expected to arrive in a few hours;
    [ det kan næppe ventes] it is hardly to be expected;
    [ skibet ventes i aften] the ship is due (to arrive) this evening;
    [ vente at han vil gøre det] expect him to do it, expect that he will do it;
    [ vente at enhver gør sin pligt] expect everyone to do his duty;
    [ den skæbne der venter ham] the fate in store for him;
    [ der venter ham en ubehagelig overraskelse] he is in for a nasty surprise; he has got a nasty surprise coming to him;
    [ det kan vente] that can wait, there is no hurry about that;
    [ vi kan vente godt vejr i dag] we are in for a fine day;
    [ lade ham vente] keep him waiting; let him wait;
    [ med præp & sig:]
    [ vente noget af en] expect something of (el. from) somebody ( fx it is just what I expected of him; expect too much from somebody);
    (dvs opsætte) delay, put off;
    [ vente med at sende] put off sending;
    [ vente på] wait for;
    ( afvente også, F) await ( fx instructions);
    [ vente på at uret skal slå] wait for the clock to strike;
    [ vente på ham med middagsmaden] wait dinner for him;
    [ de lader vente på sig] they are long in coming, they keep us (, me etc) waiting;
    [ vente sig noget] expect something;
    [ du kan vente dig!] you'll catch it!
    [ hun venter sig ( et barn)] she is expecting;
    [ en forsmag på hvad man kan vente sig] a foretaste of what is to come;

    Danish-English dictionary > vente

  • 88 HRÍÐ

    (pl. -ir), f.
    1) storm, esp. snowstorm; h. mikla gerði at þeim, laust á fyrir þeim h. mikilli, they were caught by a violent snow-storm;
    2) attack, onset, in a battle (hörð, snörp h.);
    3) a while; nökkura h., for a while; langa (litla) h., a long (little) while; þessar hríðir allar, all this while; um h., for a while (hann dvaldist þar um h.); um hríðir sakir = um hríð; í hríðinni, immediately, at once (hann fór í hríðinni upp til Hofs); hríðum, frequently (stundum í Hvammi, en hríðum at Stað);
    4) space, distance (var þó h. löng í millum).
    * * *
    f. [A. S. hrîð a απ. λεγ. in the poem Widsith; Scot. and North. E. snow-wreath]:—a tempest, storm, in old writers only of a snow storm, as also in present use, except in western Icel., where rain and sleet are also called hríð; hríðir ok íllviðri, Rb. 102; hríð mikla görði at þeim, Nj. 263; hríð veðrs, 282; önnur hríð kom þá menn riðu til alþingis (A. D. 1118) ok drap fé manna fyrir norðan land, Bs. i. 74; í ógurligum hríðum, 656 B. 12; þá görði á harða veðráttu ok hríðir á fjallinu, ok hinn sjötta dag Jóla höfðu þeir hríð, Sturl. iii. 215; þá gerði at þeim hríð svá mikla, at hríðin drap til dauðs son hans frumvaxta, Fms. vi. 31; þá létti hríðinni, a violent snow storm, Bjarn. 55; síðan létti upp hríðinni, Fb. ii. 194; laust á fyrir þeim hríð mikilli, Dropl. 10; en hríðin hélzt hálfan mánuð ok þótti mönnum þat langt mjök, 11; þá kom hríð sú á Dymbildögum at menn máttu eigi veita tíðir í kirkjum, Bs. i. 30; hríð með frosti, Fas. iii. 318.
    2. metaph. a shock, attack, in a battle; hörð, snörp, hríð, Fms. ii. 323, viii. 139, Hkr. iii. 158, Nj. 115, Eg. 492, passim; þá lét jarlinn binda postulann ok berja svipum, en er gengnar vóru sjau hríðir ( rounds) bardagans, 656 B. 4; Dags-hríð, Orra-hríð, Ó. H. ch. 227, Fms. vi. 421.
    3. medic., in plur. paroxysms of pain, of fever; hafa harðar hríðir, sóttar-hríðir, paroxysms of fever: but esp. pangs of childbirth (fæðingar-hríðir); Forðum lögðust fjöll á gólf | fengu strangar hríðir, rendering of ‘parturiunt montes’ of Horace, Grönd.
    II. the nick of time:
    1. a while; nökkura hríð, for a while, Nj. 1; langa hríð, a long while, Ó. H. 31; litla hríð, a little while, Fas. iii. 48; langar hríðir, for long spells of time, Fms. vii. 199; þessar hríðir allar, all this while, Hkr. i. 211; á lítilli hríð, in a short while, Sks. 232 B; um hríð, or (rarely) um hríðir, for a while, Ó. H. 32, Fs. 8, Eg. 59, 91, 95; enn of hríð, Ísl. ii. 360; um hríðar sakir, id., Fs. 134; orrinn er um hríð ( a while ago) var nefndr, Stj. 77; sem um hríð ( for a while) var frá sagt, 104: in plur., þau vandræði er á þetta land hafa lagzt um hríðir, N. G. L. i. 445; höfu vér nú um hríðir iðuliga skoðat hana, Gþl. v.
    2. adverb, phrases,
    α. hríðum, frequently; at þeir væri hríðum at Staðarhóli, Sturl. i. 62; stundum í Hvammi en hríðum at Stað, 193; hann mælti allt til andláts síns ok söng hríðum ór psaltera, Fms. vii. 227, cp. Hdl. 38.
    β. í hríðinni, immediately, at once; hann fór í hríðinni upp til Hofs, Fms. ix. 520; báru þeir hann þá í hríðinni ofan í Naustanes, Eg. 398; þegar í hríðinni (= Lat. jam jam), Stj. 7; þásk hans bæn þegar í hríðinni, 272, 274; þá bað Sveinn at þeir færi til Sandeyjar, ok fyndisk þar, þvíat hann lézk þangat fara mundu í hríðinni, Orkn. 388; létusk þá enn sex menn í hríðinni, Eb. 278; þrem sinnum í hríðinni, thrice in succession, D. N. ii. 225; so also, í einni hríð, all at once, Tristr. 6.
    III. local (rare), space, distance; Erlingr ríðr mest, þar næst Ubbi, ok var þó hríð löng á millum, Mag. 9; stundar-hríð, Hkr. i. 150.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > HRÍÐ

  • 89 ÆTLA

    * * *
    (að), v.
    1) to think, mean, suppose (munu þeir ætla, at vér hafim riðit austr);
    hann ætlaði henni líf en sér dauða, he expected life for her, but death for himself;
    2) to intend, purpose (ek ætla ok styrkja Gunnar at nökkuru);
    þeir ætluðu ekki lengra í kveld, they did not intend to go any farther to-night;
    þat verðr hverr at vinna, er ætlat er, every one must do the work that is set before him;
    ætla e-m e-t, to set apart for one, allot to one (hann ætlaði þrælum sínum dagsverk);
    to intend a thing for one (hann keypti þar pell ágætt, er hann ætlaði Ólafi konungi);
    to expect from one, suspect one of (þér mundi þat engi maðr ætla);
    ætla sér hóf, to keep within bounds;
    ætla sér (with infin.), to intend, purpose (ef hann ætlar sér at keppa við oss);
    suðr ætla ek mér at ganga, I intend to go south (to Rome);
    ætla fyrir (with infin.), to intend (eru þat hin mestu firn, at þér ætlið fyrir at leggja á allt fólk ánauðarok);
    ætla e-t fyrir, to foredoom, foreordain (þat mun verða um forlög okkur sem áðr er ætlat fyrir);
    ætla fyrir sér, to think beforehand, expect (mart verðr annan veg en maðrinn ætlar fyrir sér);
    ætla til e-s staðar, to intend to go to a place (þeir sigldu nú ok ætla, til Miklagarðs);
    ætla til e-s, to reckon upon, expect (eigi þarftu til þess at ætla, at ek ganga við frændsemi við yðr);
    hann tók sér bústað ok ætlaði þar landeign til, he destined a piece of land for that purpose;
    3) refl., ætlast, to intend, purpose, = ætla sér (hann ætlast at fara til Jómsborgar);
    ætlast e-t fyrir, to intend to do a thing (vér skulum halda til njósn, hvat Ólafr ætlast fyrir).
    * * *
    að, often spelt etla. but ætla, Ld. 32 (vellum); in mod. usage it is often sounded atla: [a derivative akin to Goth. ahjan = to mind, think, and aha = a mind, as also to Germ. achten, O. H. G. ahton; the Northern languages use none of these words, but only the derivative ætla; an old Germ. ahtilon would answer to Icel. ætla; Scot. ettle.]
    B. To think, mean, suppose; jarl ætlaði þat, at þær myndi blóta, Blas. 45; munu þeir ætla at vér hafim riðit austr, Nj. 206; forvitni er mér á, hvat þú ætlar mér í skapi búa, Lv. 16; hann ætlaði henni líf en sér dauða, he ettled (expected) life for her, but death for himself, Sturl. iii. 190 C; ekki er til þess at ætla, segir hann, at ek mona skipask við orð ein saman, Fms. xi. 38; ekki þarftú til þess at ætla at ek ganga við frændsemi þinni, 61; verði þér nú at ætla hvárt-tveggja, think of both things, Sks. 285; ef ek á svá mikit vald á þér sem ek ætla, Nj. 10.
    2. to intend, purpose; hann kveðsk hafa ætlað ferð sína til Róms, Fms. vii. 155; ek ætla nú ferð mína í Cesaream, 655 xvii. 1; en þat sæti eptir hans dag ætlaði sér hverr sona hans, Fms. i. 7; verðr þat hverr at vinna er ætlað er, … sem ætlað er fyrir, what is allotted him, Nj. 10, 259; ef Guð hefir svá fyrir ætlað, Fms. ix. 507; ætluðu menn Óspaki þat verk, suspected him to have done it, Band. 14; ætlar hann at görask konungr norðr þar, Eg. 71; menn ætluðu til liðs við Þórólf, 98; skautsk at ok ætlaði at höggva fót undan Kára, Nj. 262; ætla til upp-göngu, Fms. vii. 254; hann ætlaði út vindauga, Dropl. 17; ætla e-t fyrir, to purpose, intend a thing, Fms. xi. 256 (fyrir-ætlan); hann lézk þat fyrir sér ætla at ílla mundi hlýða, he was of opinion that …, vii. 141; ek ætla ok at styrkja Gunnar at nokkuru, Nj. 41: hence with mere notion of futurity, eg ætla að fara, I think to go, I shall go: in queries, hvað ætli hann ætli sér, what do you think he is thinking of doing? hvað ætli hann ætli sér (sounded hvatl-ann-atli sér? hvatl’-ann-atl’-a’-fara?); á fyrir-ætlaðri tíð, Eluc. 26.
    3. to think, guess; en þó má hverr ætla hvílíka mannraun hann hafði, Bs. i. 139: to calculate, hann tók sér bústað, ok ætlaði þar landeign til, he destined a strip of land for that use, Eg. 735; bera í burt heyit, en ætla vel til alls fjár, they carry the trusses of hay away, but leave enough for the live slock on the farm, Ísl. ii. 140; þeir skolu ætla til heys en eigi til haga, svá sem þeir ætla réttast, Grág. ii. 340; ætla sér hóf, to keep within bounds, Fms. x. 349.
    II. reflex. to intend of oneself, purpose; hann ætlask at fara til Jómsborgar, Fms. xi. 88; þá ætlaðisk flokkrinn at brenna bæinn at hringom, x. 388; spurði Brynjólfr hvat hann setlaðisk fyrir, Eg. 156.
    ☞ In the verse of Sighvat (Fms. vi. 43) ‘ætla’ is, we believe, a corruption for ‘Atla,’ pr. name of a Norse Lagman in Gula, mentioned in Fms. x. 401 (Ágrip ch. 29), and in N. G. L. i. 104; but it is now hardly possible to restore the whole verse, which had already been corrupted in tradition, so that when the compiler of Magnús Saga quoted it, he did not make out the full sense of it. The true context has been pointed out by Maurer in Abhandl. der k. Bayer. Acad. der W. 1872.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > ÆTLA

  • 90 halen

    1 [naar zich toe/naar boven trekken] pull ⇒ drag 〈 over de grond〉
    2 [ergens vandaan halen] fetch ⇒ get
    3 [ontbieden] fetch ⇒ go for
    4 [bemachtigen] get ⇒ take 〈 een graad〉, pass 〈 een examen〉
    5 [erin slagen te bereiken] reach ⇒ catch 〈trein enz.〉, get 〈 hoge noten〉, 〈 het halen〉 make, 〈bij iets/iemand〉 compare, 〈 overleven〉 pull through
    ♦voorbeelden:
         ik kan er mijn kosten niet uit halen • it doesn't cover my expenses
         iemand erin halen • drag someone in
         eruit halen wat erin zit • get the most out of something
         eruit halen wat eruit te halen is • take all one can get
         overhoop halen • turn upside down
         waar haal ik het geld vandaan? • where shall I find the money?
         alles naar zich toe halen • 〈 ook figuurlijk〉 grab everything, get one's hands on everything one can
         de vlag naar beneden halen • lower the flag
         een vliegtuig naar beneden halen • (bring) down an aeroplane
         vechters uit elkaar halen • seperate the fighters
         zijn zakdoek uit zijn zak halen • pull out one's handkerchief
         er zo veel mogelijk uit halen • make the most of
         iemand uit zijn concentratie halen • break someone's concentration
         geld van de bank halen • (with)draw money from the bank
         voor zich halen • 〈 figuurlijk〉 visualize, imagine
    2   haal voor hem een glas bier! • get him a (glass of) beer!
         de post halen • collect the mail
         wordt je zuster gehaald? • is anybody coming for your sister?
         ik zal het gaan halen • I'll go and get it
         ik zal je morgen komen halen • I'll come for you tomorrow
         hij haalt zijn boodschappen bij de supermarkt • he does his shopping at the supermarket
         een muur tegen de grond halen • pull down a wall
         iemand van de trein halen • meet someone at the station
         drie halen twee betalen • two for the price of one
         iets te voorschijn/voor de dag halen • produce something
    3   de dokter halen • go for the doctor
         hulp/de politie halen • go for help/the police
         iemand/iets laten halen • send for someone/something
         iemand iets laten halen • send someone for something
    4   goede/slechte cijfers halen • get good/bad marks
         de eerste prijs halen • take first prize
         maar net een voldoende halen voor zijn opstellen • scrape through in essay writing
         waar haalt hij het vandaan • where does he get it from; 〈 ironisch〉 where does he get these ideas from
    5   mijn auto haalt nog net de 120 km • my car just manages 75 miles an hour
         dat haal ik niet • I won't make it
         hij heeft de finish niet gehaald • he did not make it to the finish
         de post halen • be in time for the post
         zijn negentigste verjaardag halen • live to be ninety
         de nieuwe dokter haalt het niet bij de oude • the new doctor isn't a patch on the old one
         ik denk niet dat hij (zieke) het zal halen • I don't think he will pull through
         hun kandidaat heeft het nog net gehaald • their candidate scraped through
         bier haalt het niet bij wijn • beer cannot compare with wine
         daar haalt niets (het) bij • nothing can touch/beat it
         hij haalt (het) niet bij haar • he's nowhere near as good as her
    ¶   je haalt twee zaken door elkaar • you are mixing up two things
         iemand naar beneden halen • belittle someone
         vlekken halen uit iets • remove stains from something

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > halen

  • 91 leven

    leven1
    〈 het〉
    1 [het bestaan] life ⇒ existence
    2 [werkelijkheid, levensechtheid] life ⇒ reality
    3 [levensduur] life, lifetime
    4 [levenswijze] life ⇒ living
    5 [morele handel en wandel] life
    6 [levensloop, levensgeschiedenis] life ⇒ life history
    7 [verschijnselen/werkzaamheden in een kring] life
    8 [levensonderhoud] life ⇒ living
    9 [lawaai] life ⇒ noise
    10 [drukte, levendigheid, activiteit] life ⇒ liveliness
    ♦voorbeelden:
    1   elkaar op leven en dood bestrijden • wage a life-and-death struggle
         het leven begint bij 40 • life begins at 40
         zijn leven geven voor zijn land • lay down one's life for one's country
         voor hun leven wordt gevreesd • there are fears for their lives
         zijn leven hangt aan een zijden draad(je) • his life hangs by a thread
         de aanslag heeft aan twee mensen het leven gekost • the attack cost the lives of two people
         zo is het leven • that's life
         dat kostte hem het leven • that killed him/cost him his life
         het leven laten/erbij inschieten • lose one's life
         zijn leven loopt op een eind • his end is drawing near
         het leven schenken aan • give birth to
         iemand het leven schenken • spare someone's life
         zijn leven duur verkopen • sell one's life dearly, fight to the bitter end
         zijn leven wagen • risk one's life
         bij leven en welzijn • if all is well
         iets in leven houden • keep something alive
         nog in leven zijn • be still alive
         in leven blijven • stay/keep alive
         iemand naar het leven staan • be after someone's blood
         om het leven komen • lose one's life, be killed
         iemand om het leven brengen • kill someone
         op gewelddadige wijze om het leven komen • meet (with) a violent death
         het leven van alle dag • everyday life
         rennen alsof je leven ervan afhangt • run for one's life
         zijn leven niet (meer) zeker zijn • be not safe here (anymore)
         als je leven je lief is • if you value your life
         〈 spreekwoord〉 zolang er leven is, is er hoop • while there is life there is hope
    2   een stichting in het leven roepen • establish an association
         een organisatie in het leven roepen • set up an organization
         tekenen/schilderen naar het leven • draw/paint from life/nature
         uit het leven gegrepen • true to life, taken/drawn from (real) life
    3   je doet er je hele leven mee • it will last you all your life
         zijn hele verdere leven • for the rest of his life
         zijn leven slijten • spend one's days
         dat heb ik nog nooit van mijn leven gezien • I have never seen that in my life
         van zijn leven niet • never (in all my life)
         heb je van je leven! • well, I never!
         hij is voor zijn leven invalide • he will be an invalid for the rest of his life
         voor het leven benoemd • appointed for life
         een lidmaatschap voor het leven • a life membership
         voor het leven getekend • marked for life
         iemand het leven zuur maken • make someone's life a misery
    4   een druk leven hebben • lead a busy life
         zijn eigen leven leiden • lead one's own life
         〈 figuurlijk〉 zijn eigen leven gaan leiden • lead/assume a life of its own 〈bijvoorbeeld van verhaal/gerucht〉
         een gemakkelijk leven hebben • have an easy life
         een nieuw leven beginnen • turn over a new leaf
         zijn leven beteren • mend one's ways
         zij heeft geen leven bij die man • that man makes her life a misery
         hoe staat het leven? • how's life?
    5   een dubbel leven leiden • lead a double life
         een losbandig leven leiden • lead a wild life
    6   mijn/hun leven lang • all my life/their lives
         bij/tijdens zijn leven • in/during his lifetime
    7   het maatschappelijk/het huiselijk leven • public/private life
         in het volle leven staan • be in touch with things
    8   het leven wordt steeds duurder • the cost of living is going up all the time
    9   leven maken • make a noise
    10  een onderneming nieuw leven inblazen • breathe/inject new life into a firm
         leven in de brouwerij brengen • stir/liven things up, get things going
         er kwam leven in de brouwerij • things were beginning to liven up
         iets/iemand weer tot leven brengen • bring something/someone to life again
    ¶   een bruin leven • a good/an easy life
         hij heeft ook het eeuwige leven niet • he won't last for ever
         〈 ironisch〉 toen begon het lieve leven(tje) • then the fat was in the fire
         de bescherming van het ongeboren leven • protection of the unborn child
         〈 prostitutie〉 in het leven • on the game
    ————————
    leven2
    1 [niet dood zijn] live ⇒ be alive
    2 [met betrekking tot zaken/voorstellingen] live (on)
    3 [zich voeden] live on
    4 [zijn dagen doorbrengen] live
    5 [zich gedragen] live
    6 [in zijn onderhoud voorzien] live (on/by) ⇒ 〈 vaak pejoratief〉 live off
    ♦voorbeelden:
    1   blijven leven • stay alive
         mens, durf te leven • come on, live a little
         hij heeft niet lang meer te leven • he has not long to live
         eeuwig leven • live eternally
         en zij leefden nog lang en gelukkig • and they lived happily ever after
         langer leven dan iemand • outlive someone
         haar ouders leven niet meer • her parents are no longer alive
         leef je nog? • are you still alive?
         in leven en sterven • till death do us part
         〈 figuurlijk〉 te weinig om te leven en te veel om te sterven • hardly sufficient to keep body and soul together
         hij weet van voren niet dat hij van achteren leeft • 〈 aartsdom〉 he is not all there; 〈 de kluts kwijt〉 he's completely at sixes and sevens
         〈 spreekwoord〉 wie dan leeft, die dan zorgt • you have to take things as they come
    2   dat gevoel leeft heel sterk • that feeling is still very strong
         bij veel mensen leeft het idee … • many people still have the idea …
         leeft die vaas nog? • is that vase still in one piece?
         de kermis leeft niet meer bij de mensen • fun fairs no longer appeal to people
         wat er leeft binnen de organisatie • what is going on inside the organization
    3   op brood en rauwkost leven • live on bread and raw vegetables
    4   de nu levende generatie • the present generation
         met deze man is/valt niet te leven • you can't live with that man
         in angst leven • live in fear
         met iemand in vrede leven • live in peace with someone
         we leven toch in een vrij land? • it's a free country, isn't it?
         naar iets toe leven • look forward to something
    5   erop los leven • lead a wild life
         stil gaan leven • retire
         zij leven langs elkaar heen • they have little to say to each other
    6   van duizend gulden kun je niet leven • you can't live on a thousand guilders
         goed kunnen leven • be comfortably off
         zij kan er goed van leven • she can live well from it
         zij moet ervan leven • she has to live on it
         hij heeft genoeg om van te leven • he has enough to get by
         van dit vak kun je niet leven • you can't make a living out of this trade
    ¶   leve de democratie • three cheers for democracy
         leve de koningin! • long live the Queen!
         deze romanpersonages leven • these characters are true to life
         weten wat er leeft onder de bevolking • know what people are thinking
    1 [een leven leiden] live
    ♦voorbeelden:
    1   een eenzaam leven leven • lead a solitary/lonely life
    ¶   geleefd worden • have one's life lived for one

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > leven

  • 92 zoeken

    1 [trachten te vinden] look for ⇒ search for
    2 [trachten te verkrijgen, uit zijn op] look for ⇒ search for, 〈 informeel〉 be after
    3 [iedere gelegenheid aangrijpen om op iemand te vitten] be after
    4 [proberen] try
    5 [uitlokken] look for
    ♦voorbeelden:
    1   〈 figuurlijk〉 we moeten een uitweg zoeken • we've got to find a way out
         zijn weg zoeken • feel one's way
         〈 figuurlijk〉 ze wist niet meer waar ze het zoeken moest • 〈 zag geen oplossing meer〉 she didn't know which way to turn; 〈wist zich geen raad van de pijn enz.; ook〉 she was at her wits' end
         zoek je iets? • 〈 ook〉 have you lost something?
         〈 religie〉 zoekt en gij zult vinden • seek and ye shall find
         hij werd gezocht (wegens diefstal) • he is wanted (for theft)
    2   zijn geluk elders zoeken • seek one's fortune elsewhere
         we moeten hulp zoeken • we have to go for/get help
         ze zoeken mensen die kunnen typen • 〈 ook〉 they want people who can type
         iemands ondergang zoeken • plot someone's downfall
         〈 figuurlijk〉 je zoekt het te ver • you're missing the obvious
         〈 figuurlijk〉 u hebt hier niets te zoeken • you have no business (being) here
         〈 figuurlijk〉 de reden is niet ver te zoeken • the explanation is obvious
         〈 figuurlijk〉 dat is ver gezocht • that's far-fetched
         〈 figuurlijk〉 iets niet achter iemand zoeken • not suspect someone of something
         〈 figuurlijk〉 je moet achter mijn woorden niets zoeken • take what I say at face value
         〈 figuurlijk〉 zoiets had ik achter haar niet gezocht • I hadn't expected that of her
         hulp zoeken bij iemand • turn to someone for help
         〈 figuurlijk〉 de regering zoekt het in bezuinigingen • the government's solution is (to make) cutbacks
         jij bent de man die ik zoek • you're the man I'm looking for
    3   hij loopt me de hele dag te zoeken • he's (always) after me
         die leraar zoekt mij • that teacher is out to get me

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > zoeken

  • 93 gøre

    3
    де́лать

    hvad gør du? — что ты де́лаешь?

    det gør íkke nóget — ничего́ стра́шного; э́то не име́ет значе́ния

    jeg kúnne íkke gǿre for det — я не винова́т

    gǿre ondt — причиня́ть боль [зло]

    gǿre plads — освободи́ть ме́сто

    gǿre én sélskab — соста́вить кому́-л. компа́нию

    gǿre sit til — внести́ свой вклад

    gǿre sig úmage — стара́ться

    gǿre om — переде́лывать

    gǿre op — ула́живать

    * * *
    do, have, make, play at, render, suit oneself, turn
    * * *
    vb (gjorde, gjort) do ( fx what are you doing here? do one's duty);
    ( frembringe; foretage, fx en bevægelse, en rejse; bringe i en vis
    tilstand) make ( fx a noise, a mistake; an attempt, a gesture, a journey; it makes me sick);
    ( volde, forårsage) do ( fx do good, do harm);
    [ gøre Oxford på en dag] do Oxford in a day;
    (se også de sb, hvormed gøre forbindes, fx forsøg, indtryk, plads,
    [ med adj, pron, vb etc:]
    [ dette gjorde at de hørte efter] this made them listen;
    [ han gør os bedre end vi er] he makes us out to be better than we are;
    [ gøre sit bedste] do one's best;
    [ kan mindre ikke gøre det?] can't you do with less?
    [ hvad gør det?] what does it matter? what of that?
    [ hvad har de gjort dig?] what have they done to you?
    [ hvad har du at gøre her?] what are you doing here?
    [ det gør ingenting] it does not matter; never mind;
    [ han gør det ikke længe] he won't last long;
    [ det gør ikke så meget] it does not matter much;
    [ han har aldrig gjort dig noget] he has never done you any harm;
    (dvs at bestille) there is nothing to do;
    (dvs at stille op) there is nothing to be done (about it);
    (dvs at opnå) nothing doing;
    [ det gør ikke noget] it does not matter; never mind;
    [ noget må der gøres] something must be done;
    [ gøre sig] be a success;
    ( anstille sig) pretend to be ( fx stupid);
    [ gøre sit], se sin;
    [ med præp og adv:]
    [ hvor har du gjort af det?] where have you put it? what have you done with it?
    [ gøre det af på fem minutter] get it over with in five minutes;
    [ jeg vidste ikke hvor jeg skulle gøre af mig selv] I didn't know where to put myself;
    [ gøre det af med] dispose of;
    ( dræbe) dispatch,
    T do away with;
    [ varmen var ved at gøre det med mig] the heat was nearly too much for me;
    [ gøre noget ` efter] imitate something;
    [ jeg kan ikke gøre for det] I cannot help it; it is not my fault;
    [ kan jeg gøre noget for Dem?] can I do anything for you?
    [ det kan hverken gøre fra eller til] it makes no difference;
    (merk) deal in;
    [ gøre i bukserne] dirty one's trousers; mess one's pants;
    [ gøre noget i penge] turn something into cash;
    [ du ville gøre klogt i at] you would be wise to;
    [ gøre vel i at] do well to;
    [ gøre en imod] cross somebody, act against somebody's wishes;
    [ han gjorde hele krigen med] he went (el. he served) all through the war;
    [ han gjorde rejsen med] he travelled with us (, them, etc);
    [ have at gøre med] have to do with ( fx I don't want to have anything to do with him (, that)); deal with ( fx you must remember we are
    dealing with a desperate man); be concerned with ( fx we are here concerned with a very difficult problem);
    [ alt hvad der har med flåden at gøre] everything connected with the navy;
    ( også) it is something (, nothing) to do with ( fx this is nothing to do with money);
    [ have nok at gøre med at] have one's work cut out to;
    [ det er ikke gjort med at snakke] talking won't help (el. isn't enough);
    [ gøre noget `om] do something (over) again;
    [ gøre højre om] turn right;
    [ hvad der er sket kan ikke gøres om] what is done cannot be undone;
    [ det er mig ( meget) om at gøre at] I am anxious (, very keen) to;
    [ gøre omkring] turn (a)round,
    ( pludseligt) turn on one's heel;
    ( i eksercits, gymnastik) turn about; execute a right-about turn,
    ( om en hel række) wheel round;
    ( regnskab) make up, balance ( fx an account),
    (bilægge strid etc) settle;
    [ gøre boet op] wind up the estate;
    [ gøre kassen op] balance the cash;
    [ gøre lageret op] take stock;
    [ gøre op med] settle with;
    (straffe etc) reckon with ( fx after the war we'll reckon with all the traitors);
    [ gøre op med sig selv] make up one's mind;
    [ gøre til] make ( fx make him a general);
    ( udnævne) appoint ( fx appoint him governor);
    ( forvandle til) make into ( fx make him into a leader; make the miserable hut into a home); make... of ( fx make a man (, an
    enemy) of him; make a habit of it);
    [ gøre sig til af] brag about;
    (merk) the shares changed hands at;
    [ han er ikke så dygtig som man gerne vil gøre ham til] he is not as clever as he is made out to be;
    [ gøre meget ud af] make much of;
    [ gøre for meget ud af det] make too much of it; overdo it;
    [ gøre det ud for] serve as; do as; do duty for;
    [ hvad har du gjort ved barnet?] what have you done to the child?
    [ det er der ikke noget at gøre ved] there is nothing to be done about it; it cannot be helped;
    (dvs arbejdede energisk) he put his back into it;
    [ jeg kan ikke gøre ved det] I cannot help it;
    (dvs tage dig af det) you must do something about it.

    Danish-English dictionary > gøre

  • 94 regnskab

    account, balance sheet, tally
    * * *
    (et -er) account(s);
    ( selskabs balance) balance sheet;
    (fig: for ens synder etc) reckoning;
    [ regnskabets dag (el. time)] the day of reckoning;
    [ afgøre sit regnskab med] settle one's account with,
    (fig) settle accounts with;
    [ aflægge regnskab] give (, F: render) an account,
    ( ved generalforsamling) present the accounts;
    [ aflægge regnskab for] give (, F: render) an account of, account for;
    [ fremlægge regnskab] present the accounts;
    [ føre regnskab] keep (the) accounts,
    ( i kortspil) keep the score;
    [ føre regnskab med] keep an account of;
    [ gennemgå regnskabet] go over (el. examine) the accounts;
    ( revidere regnskabet) audit the accounts;
    [ gøre regnskab for] give an account of, account for;
    [ gøre et regnskab op] make up (el. balance) an account,
    (fig) settle an old score;
    [ opstille et regnskab] draw up a statement of accounts;
    [ kræve én til regnskab] call somebody to account; bring somebody to book;
    [ stå til regnskab for] account for, answer for.

    Danish-English dictionary > regnskab

  • 95 skrive

    make out, put, write
    * * *
    vb (skrev, skrevet) write ( fx learn to write; write well; write one's name (, a letter, a book); she writes for a living),
    ( i hast) scribble;
    ( på maskine) type;
    ( udfærdige) write (out) ( fx a cheque, a report), make out ( fx an application, a list, a report), draw up ( fx a contract, a list);
    ( føre på éns regning) put down to somebody ( fx put it down to me),
    (mere F) charge to somebody's account ( fx she ordered it to be charged to her account);
    (dvs om politiet) book somebody, take somebody's name and address;
    [ hvad skriver vi i dag?] what date is it (today)?
    [ den der skriver disse linier] the present writer;
    [ hvorledes skrives Deres navn?] how do you spell your name?
    [ det skrevne ord] the written word;
    [ som skrevet står] as it says in Holy Writ;
    [ med sig:]
    [ skrive sig noget bag øret] make a mental note of something;
    [skrive sig for $10] put oneself down for $10,
    (mere F) subscribe $10;
    [ skrive sig fra] be derived from,
    ( fra person) originate with,
    ( datere sig fra) date from;
    ( om forfatter) get it out of one's system;
    [ med præp & adv:]
    [ skrive `af] copy out, make a copy of, transcribe ( fx a text);
    ( snyde) crib ( efter from);
    ( på regnskab) write off;
    [ skrive bag på en check] endorse a cheque;
    (dvs rekvirere) write for;
    [ skrive ens håndskrift ` efter] imitate somebody's handwriting;
    (dvs ved bedrageri) forge somebody's signature;
    (se også I. diktat);
    (dvs debitere) put it down to him,
    (mere F) charge it to his account;
    [skrive ham for $5]
    ( om bidrag) put him down for $5;
    [ skrive i et blad] contribute to a paper, write for a paper;
    [ skrevet i hånden] written by hand, hand-written;
    [ det stod skrevet i hans ansigt] it was written all over his face;
    ( i en bog) enter,
    (renskrive fx en stil) make a fair copy of;
    (se også indskrive);
    ( om redskab) write with ( fx a pen, a pencil, a piece of chalk),
    ( om resultat) write in ( fx write your essay in ink and not in
    pencil; written in capital letters (, ink));
    ( om stavning) spell (el. write) with ( fx the name is spelt (el.
    written) with an h);
    [ ordet skrives med stort (, lille el. småt)] the word is spelt (el.
    written) with a capital (, small letter);
    ( også) capitalize;
    ( notere) write down,
    ( især efter diktat) take down;
    ( i værdi) write down,
    ( om vare i butik) mark down;
    [ skrive `om]
    ( igen) rewrite;
    ( berette om) write about ( fx one's childhood),
    ( behandle) write on ( fx the history of printing);
    ( notere) write down,
    ( ordinere) prescribe;
    ( forhøje prisen på) write up,
    ( om vare i butik) mark up;
    [ skrive på en bog] be working on (el. at) a book, be writing a book;
    [ skrive til en] write to somebody; write somebody ( fx she writes me every day);
    (= tilføje) add something;
    [ det skal skrives til Mr Jones] put it down to Mr Jones, please;
    (mere F) charge it to Mr Jones' account, please;
    ( afskrive) copy (out),
    ( fylde med skrift) write full;
    [ skrive ordet helt ud] write the word in full;
    [ skrive uden på et brev] address a letter;
    [ skrive ( noget) under] sign (something);
    (fig) endorse;
    [ det navn (dvs pseudonym) han skriver under] his pen name;
    [ skrevet under et falsk navn] written under a false name.

    Danish-English dictionary > skrive

  • 96 EIGA

    * * *
    I)
    (á, átta, áttr), v.
    1) to own, possess (Starkaðr átti hest góðan);
    2) to have (eiga börn, föður, móður, vin);
    hann átti Gró, he was married to G.;
    hann gekk at eiga Þóru, he took Th. for his wife, he married Th.;
    enga vil ek þessa eiga, I will not marry any of these;
    eiga heima, to have a home, to live (þeir áttu heima austr í Mörk);
    eiga sér e-t = eiga e-t (Höskuldr átti sér dóttur, er Hallgerðr hét);
    eiga ván e-s, to have hope of a thing, to reckon upon;
    eiga hlut at or í e-u, to have a share in a thing, to be concerned in;
    eiga vald á e-u, to have within one’s power;
    3) to be under obligation, be obliged, have to do a thing;
    tólf menn, þeir er fylgð áttu með konungi, who were bound to attend the king’s person;
    á ek þar fyrir at sjá, I am bound (I have) to see to that;
    átti Hrútr för í Vestfjorðu, H. had to go to the V.;
    4) to have a right (claim) to, be entitled to (eiga högg ok höfn í skóginum);
    eiga mál í e-m, to have a charge against one;
    5) to keep, hold;
    eiga fund, þing, samkvámu, stefnu, to hold a meeting;
    eiga kaupstefnu, to hod a market;
    eiga orrustu við e-n, to fight a battle with one;
    eiga högg við e-n, to exchange blows with one;
    eiga illt við e-n, to quarrel with;
    eiga tal (or mál) við e-n, to speak, converse with one;
    6) as an auxiliary with pp. = hafa (þat er við áttum mælt);
    eiga skilit, to have stipulated;
    7) to have to (skal Þ. eigi at því eiga at spotta);
    eiga hendr sínar it verja, to have to act in self-defence;
    eiga um vandræði at halda, to be in a strait;
    8) eiga e-m e-t, to owe to one (mun æ, hvat þú átt þeim er veitir);
    þat muntu ætla, at ek mun eiga hinn bleika uxann, that the fawn-coloured ox means me;
    10) with preps.:
    eiga e-t at e-m, to have something due from one, to expect from one (þat vil ek eiga at þér, at þú segir mér frá ferð þinni);
    to deserve from one (ok á ek annat at þér);
    þeir er mikit þóttust at sér eiga, had much in their power;
    eiga e-t eptir, to have to do yet, to have left undone (þat áttu eptir, er erfiðast er, en þat er at deyja);
    to leave behind one (andaðist ok átti eptir tvá sonu vaxna);
    eiga e-t saman, to own in common;
    eiga skap saman, to agree well, be of one mind;
    eigi veit ek, hvárt við eigum heill saman, whether we shall live happy together;
    eiga saman, to quarrel, = eiga deild saman;
    eiga um við e-n, to have to deal with (við brögðótta áttu nú um);
    þar sem við vini mína er um at eiga, where my friends are concerned;
    eiga e-t undir e-m, to have in another’s hands;
    Njáll átti mikit fé undir Starkaði ok í Sandgili, N. had much money out at interest with St. and at Sandgil, er sá eigi vel staddr, er líf sitt á undir þinum trúnaði, whose life depends on thy good faith;
    eiga mikit (lítit) undir sér, to have much (little) in one’s power;
    far þú við marga menn, svá at þú eigir allt undir þér, that the whole matter rests in thy own hands;
    hann sá, at hann átti ekki undir sér, that he had no influence;
    eiga við e-n, to have to do with, fight with (brátt fundu þeir, at þeir áttu þar ekki við sinn maka);
    ekki á ek þetta við þik, this is no business between thee and me;
    eiga gott (illt) við e-n, to be on good (bad) terms with one;
    eiga við konu, to have intercourse with, = eiga lag (samræði) við konu;
    recipr., eigast við, to deal with one another; fight, quarrel;
    eigast við deildir, to be engaged in strife;
    áttust þeir höggvaskipti við, they exchanged blows with one another.
    f.
    kasta sinni eigu, leggja sína eigu, í e-t, to take possession of;
    * * *
    pret. átti; pret. subj. ætti, pres. eigi; pres. ind. á, 2nd pers. átt (irreg. eigr, Dipl. v. 24), pl. eigum, 3rd pers. pl. old form eigu, mod. eiga; imperat. eig and eigðu; sup. átt; with suffixed neg. pres. ind. 1st pers. á’k-at, 2nd pers. átt-attu; pret. subj. ættim-a: [Gr. ἔχω; Goth. aigan; A. S. âgan; Hel. êgan; O. H. G. eigan; Swed. äga; Dan. eje; Engl. to owe and own, of which the former etymologically answers to ‘eiga,’ the latter to ‘eigna’]:—to have, possess.
    A. ACT.
    I. denoting ownership, to possess:
    1. in a proper sense; allt þat góz sem þeir eiga eðr eigandi verða, D. N. i. 80; hann eigr hálfa jörðina, Dipl. v. 24; Björn hljóp þá á skútu er hann átti, Eb. 6; Starkaðr átti hest góðan, Nj. 89; þau áttu gnótt í búi, 257; hón á allan arf eptir mik, 3; átti hón auð fjár, Ld. 20; ef annarr maðr ferr með goðorð en sá er á, Grág. i. 159; annat vápnit, ok á þat Þorbjörn, en Þorgautr á þetta, Ísl. ii. 341; eignir þær er faðir hans hafði átt, Eb. 4; í ríki því er Dana konungar höfðu átt þar lengi, Fms. xi. 301, Rb. 494, Eb. 54, 118, 256, 328, Sturl. ii. 60, Eg. 118; e. saman, to own in common, Grág. i. 199; ef tveir menn eigo bú saman, ii. 44; e. skuld (at e-m), to be in debt, Engl. to owe; en ef hann átti engar skuldir, if he owed no debts, i. 128; þar til átti honum ( owed him) meistari Þorgeirr ok þá mörk, D. N. iv. 288 (Fr.); e. fé undir e-m, to be one’s creditor, Nj. 101; in mod. usage, e. fé hjá e-m, or ellipt., e. hjá e-m.
    2. in a special sense;
    α. eiga konu, to have her to wife; hann átti Gró, Eb. 16; hann átti Ynghvildi, 3; Þorgerðr er (acc.) átti Vigfúss, … Geirríðr er (acc.) átti Þórólfr, 18; hann gékk at eiga Þóru, he married Thora, id.; Þuríði hafði hann áðr átta, Thorida had been his first wife, 42; enga vil ek þessa e., I will not marry any of these, Nj. 22; Björn átti þá konu er Valgerðr hét, 213, 257; faðir Hróðnýjar er átti Þorsteinn, Landn. 90; Ásdísi átti síðar Skúli, S. was A.’s second husband, 88; Þorgerðr er átti Önundr sjóni, 89; Vigdís er átti Þorbjörn enn digri, 87; Árnþrúðr er átti Þórir hersir, 66; Húngerð er átti Svertingr, 6l, 86, and in numberless passages: old writers hardly ever say that the wife owns her husband—the passages in Edda 109 (vide elja) and Nj. 52 (til lítils kemr mér at eiga hinn vaskasta mann á Íslandi) are extraordinary—owing to the primitive notion of the husband’s ‘jus possessionis’ (cp. brúðkaup); but in mod. usage ‘eiga’ is used indiscriminately of both wife and husband; Icel. even say, in a recipr. sense, eigast, to own one another, to be married: þau áttust, they married; hann vildi ekki at þau ættist, hann bannaði þeim að eigast, he forbade them to marry:—to the ancients such a phrase was almost unknown, and occurs for the first time in K. Á. 114.
    β. eiga börn, to have children, of both parents; áttu þau Jófriðr tíu börn, J. and her husband had ten bairns, Eg. 708; hann átti dóttur eina er Unnr hét, Nj. 1; þau Þorsteinn ok Unnr áttu son er Steinn hét, Eb. 10, Nj. 91, 257; áttu þau Þórhildr þrjá sonu, 30; e. móður, föður, to have a mother, father, Eb. 98; vænti ek ok, at þú eigir illan föður, id.
    γ. the phrase, e. heima, to have a home; þeir áttu heima austr í Mörk, Nj. 55; því at ek tek eigi heim í kveld, þar sem ek á heima út á Íslandi, 275; in mod. usage = to live, abide, in regard to place, cp. the questions put to a stranger, hvað heitir maðrinn? hvar áttu heima? used in a wider sense than búa.
    δ. eiga sér, to have, cp. ‘havde sig’ in Dan. ballads; Höskuldr átti sér dóttur er Hallgerðr hét, Nj. 3; ef hann á sér í vá veru, Hm. 25, (freq. in mod. use.)
    3. without strict notion of possession; e. vini, óvini, to have friends, enemies, Nj. 101; hverja liðveizlu skal ek þar e. er þú ert, what help can I reckon upon from thee? 100; e. ván e-s, to have hope of a thing, to reckon upon, 210; e. til, to have left; ekki eigu it annat til ( there is nothing left for you) nema at biðja postulann. Jóh. 623. 22: in mod. usage e. til means to own, to have left; hann á ekkert til, he is void of means, needy; eiga góða kosti fjár, to be in good circumstances, Ísl. ii. 322; e. vald á e-u, to have within one’s power, Nj. 265; the phrase, e. hlut at e-u, or e. hlut í e-u, to have a share, be concerned with; eptir þat átti hann hlut at við mótstöðumenn Gunnars, 101, 120; þar er þú ættir hlut at, where thou wast concerned, 119; mik uggir at hér muni eigi gæfu-menn hlut í e., 179: hence ellipt., e. í e-u, to be engaged in, chiefly of strife, adversity, or the like; thus, e. í stríði, fátaekt, baráttu, to live, be deep in struggle, want, battle, etc.
    II. denoting duty, right, due, obligation:
    1. to be bound, etc.; þeir menn er fylgð áttu með konungi, the men who owed following to (i. e. were bound to attend) the king’s person, Fms. vii. 240; á ek þar fyrir at sjá, I am bound to see to that, Eg. 318; Tylptar-kviðr átti um at skilja, Eb. 48; þeir spurðu hvárt Njáli þætti nokkut e. at lýsa vígsök Gunnars, Nj. 117; nú áttu, Sigvaldi, now is thy turn, now ought thou, Fms. xi. 109, Fs. 121; menn eigu ( men ought) at spyrja at þingfesti, Grág. i. 19; þá á þann kvið einskis meta, that verdict ought to be void, 59; ef sá maðr á ( owns) fé út hér er ómagann á ( who ought) fram at færa, 270; nú hafa þeir menn jammarga sem þeir eigu, as many as they ought to have, ii. 270; tíunda á maðr fé sitt, … þá á hann þat at tíunda, … þá á hann at gefa sálugjafir, i. 202:—‘eiga’ and ‘skal’ are often in the law used indiscriminately, but properly ‘ought’ states the moral, ‘shall’ the legal obligation,—elska skalt þú föður þinn og móður, þú skalt ekki stela, where ‘átt’ would be misplaced; sometimes it is merely permissive, gefa á maðr vingjafir at sér lifanda, ef hann vill, a man ‘may’ whilst in life bequeath to his friends, if he will, id.; maðr á at gefa barni sínu laungetnu tólf aura, ef hann vill, fyrir ráð skaparfa sinna, en eigi meira nema erfingjar lofi, a man ‘may’ bequeath to the amount of twelve ounces to his illegitimate child without leave of the lawful heir, etc., 203; ef þat á til at vilja, if that is to happen, Fas. i. 11.
    2. denoting claim, right, to own, be entitled to, chiefly in law phrases; e. dóm, sakir, to own the case, i. e. be the lawful prosecutor; ok á sá þeirra sakir, er …, Grág. i. 10; eðr eigu þeir eigi at lögum, or if they be not entitled to it, 94; e. mál á e-m, to have a charge against one, Nj. 105; e. rétt á e-u, to own a right; sá sem rétt á á henni, who has a right to her, K. Á. 16; þeir sögðu at þeim þótti slíkr maðr mikinn rétt á sér e., such a man had a strong personal claim to redress, Nj. 105; hence the phrase, eiga öngan rétt á sér, if one cannot claim redress for personal injury; þá eigu þeir eigi rétt á sér, then they have no claim to redress whatever, Grág. i. 261; e. sök, saka-staði á e-u, to have a charge against; þat er hann átti öngva sök á, Nj. 130; saka-staði þá er hann þótti á eiga, 166; kalla Vermund eigi ( not) eiga at selja sik, said V. had no right to sell them, Eb. 116: hence in mod. usage, eiga denotes what is fit and right, þú átt ekki að göra það, you ought not; eg ætti ekki, I ought not: in old writers eiga is seldom strictly used in this sense, but denotes the legal rather than the moral right.
    β. eiga fé at e-m (mod. e. hjá e-m), to be one’s creditor, Grág. i. 90, 405, Band. 1 C: metaph. to deserve from one, ok áttu annat at mér, Nj. 113; e. gjafir at e-m, 213; in a bad sense, kváðusk mikit e. at Þráni, they had much against Thrain, 138.
    γ. the law phrase, e. útkvæmt, fært, to have the right to return, of a temporary exile, Nj. 251: at hann skyli eigi e. fært út hingat, Grág. i. 119; ok á eigi þingreitt, is not allowed to go to the parliament, ii. 17; e. vígt, Grág., etc.
    III. denoting dealings or transactions between men (in a meeting, fight, trade, or the like), to keep, hold; þætti mér ráðliga at vér ættim einn fimtardóm, Nj. 150; e. orrustu við e-n, to fight a battle, Fms. i. 5, Eg. 7; e. högg við e-n, to exchange blows, 297; e. vápna-viðskipti, id., Fms. ii. 17; eiga handsöl at e-u, to shake hands, make a bargain, x. 248; e. ráð við e-n, to consult, hold a conference with, Nj. 127; e. tal við e-n, to speak, converse with one, 129; e. mál við e-n, id., Grág. i. 10; e. fund, to hold a meeting, Nj. 158; e. þing, samkvámu, stefnu, to hold a meeting, Eg. 271; þetta haust áttu menn rétt (a kind of meeting) fjölmenna, Eb. 106; e. kaupstefnu, to hold a market, exchange, 56; e. féránsdóm, Grág. i. 94; e. gott saman, to live well together, in peace and goodwill, Ld. 38; e. illt við e-n, to deal ill with, quarrel with, Nj. 98; e. búisifjar, q. v., of intercourse with neighbours, Njarð. 366; e. drykkju við e-n, to be one’s ‘cup-mate,’ Eg. 253; e. við e-n, to deal with one; ekki á ek þetta við þik, this is no business between thee and me, Nj. 93; gott vilda ek við alla menn e., I would live in goodwill with all, 47; e. við e-n, to fight one; eigum vér ekki við þá elligar (in a hostile sense), else let us not provoke them, 42; eðr hvárt vili it Helgi e. við Lýting einn eðr bræðr hans báða, 154; brátt fundu þeir, at þeir áttu þar eigi við sinn maka, Ld. 64; Glúmr kvað hann ekki þurfa at e. við sik, G. said he had no need to meddle with him, Glúm. 338; e. um að vera, to be concerned; ekki er við menn um at e., Nj. 97; þar sem við vini mína er um at e., where my friends are concerned, 52; við færi er þá um at e., ef Kári er einn, there are fewer to deal with, to fight, if K. be alone, 254; við brögðótta áttu nú um, Fms. v. 263; ætla ek at oss mun léttara falla at e. um við Svein einn, iv. 80; Sveinn svarar, at þeir áttu við ofrefli um at e., that they had to deal with odds, 165.
    β. almost as an auxiliary verb; e. skilt (skilit), to have stipulated; hafa gripina svá sem hann átti skill, Fms. vi. 160; þat átta ek skilit við þik, ii. 93; sem Hrani átti skilt, iv. 31; e. mælt, of oral agreement; sem vit áttum mælt með okkr, xi. 40; þá vil ek þat mælt e., 124: in mod. usage e. skilit means to deserve, eg á ekki þetta skilit af hér, etc.
    γ. sometimes used much like geta; við því átti Búi eigi gert, B. could not guard against that, Fms. i. 117, cp. xi. 109:—also, e. bágt, to be in a strait, poor, sickly; e. heimilt, to have at one’s disposal, Eb. 254.
    IV. to have to do; skal Þorleifr eigi ( not) e. at því at spotta, Eb. 224; e. hendr sínar at verja, to have to defend one’s own hands, to act in self-defence, Nj. 47; e. e-m varlaunað, to stand in debt to one, 181; e. um vandræði at halda, to be in a strait, Eb. 108; e. erindi, to have an errand to run, 250; en er þeir áttu um þetta at tala, when they had to talk, were talking, of this, Stj. 391; e. ríkis at gæta, to have the care of the kingdom, Nj. 126; en þó á ek hverki at telja við þik mægðir né frændsemi, i. e. I am no relation to thee, 213; ok ætti þeir við annan at deila fyrst, 111; e. mikið at vinna, to be much engaged, hard at work, 97; e. e-t eptir, to have left a thing undone, 56; e. för, ferð, to have a journey to take, 11, 12; hann átti þar fé at heimta, 261; e. eptir mikit at mæla, 88.
    2. metaph. in the phrases, e. mikit (lítið) ‘at’ ser, or ‘undir’ sér, to have much (or little) in one’s power; margir menn, þeir er mikit þóttusk at sér e., Sturl. i. 64; far þú við marga menn, svá at þú eigir allt undir þér, go with many men, so that thou hast the whole matter in thy hands, Ld. 250; en ávalt átta ek nokkuð undir mér, Vígl. 33; kann vera at hann eigi mikit undir sér, Fas. i. 37; eigum heldr undir oss ( better keep it in our own hands), en ganga í greipar þeim mæðginum, Fs. 37; sem þeir, er ekki eigu undir sér, who are helpless and weak, Þorst. St. 55; e. þykisk hann nokkut undir sér, i. e. he bears himself very proudly, Grett. 122; þetta ráð vil ek undir sonum mínum e., I will leave the matter in my sons’ hands, Valla L. 202; e. líf sitt undir e-m, to have one’s life in another’s hands, Grett. 154; mun ek nú senda eptir mönnum, ok e. eigi undir ójöfnuði hans, and trust him not, 110: hence in mod. usage, e. undir e-u, to risk; eg þori ekki að e. undir því, I dare not risk it: e. saman, to have or own in common; the saying, það á ekki saman nema nafnið, it has nothing but the name in common; rautt gull ok bleikt gull á ekki saman nema nafn eitt, Fms. v. 346: the proverb, þeygi á saman gamalt og ungt, Úlf. 3. 44; e. skap saman, to agree well; kemr þú þér því vel við Hallgerði, at it eigit meir skap saman, you are quite of one mind, Nj. 66; eigi veit ek hvárt við eigum heill saman, I know not whether we shall have luck, i. e. whether we shall live happy, together, 3.
    β. to deal with one another (sam-eign); er vér skulum svá miklu úgæfu saman e., that we are to have so much mischief between us, Nj. 201; e. e-t yfir höfði, to have a thing hanging over one’s head, Sks. 742.
    V. to agree with, to fit, to suit one:
    1. with acc., það á ekki við mig, it suits me not, it agrees not with me.
    2. with dat., medic. to agree, heal, the sickness in dat., thus the proverb, margt á við mörgu, cp. ‘similia similibus curantur,’ Vidal. ii. 109.
    3. absol. to apply to; at hann skyldi eigi trúa lágum manni rauðskeggjuðum, því at meistarinn átti þetta, the description suited to the master, Fms. xi. 433; þat muntu ætla, at ek muna e. hinn bleika uxann, that the dun ox means me, Vápn. 21.
    B. REFLEX., in a reciprocal sense, in the phrase, eigask við, to deal with one another, chiefly to fight; en er þeir höfðu langa hríð við átzk, when they had fought a long time, Eb. 238, 74; eigask við deildir, to be engaged in strife, 246; áttusk þeir höggva-viðskipti við, they came to a close fight, Fms. i. 38; áttusk þeir fá högg við, áðr …, they had a short fight before …, Eg. 297; fátt áttusk þeir við Þjóstólfr ok Þorvaldr, Thostolf and Thorwald had little to do with one another, kept aloof from each other, Nj. 18; var nú kyrt þann dag, svá at þeir áttusk ekki við, tbat day passed quietly, so that they came not to a quarrel, 222.
    β. to marry, vide above (A. I. 2).

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > EIGA

  • 97 FAR

    * * *
    n.
    1) a means off passage, ship; bjarga fari á floti, to save a vessel qflaat; in compds., a trading vessel (Íslands-far, Englands-far);
    2) passage; taka (fá, ráða) sér fari or far, to take a passage in a ship; beiðast fars, to ask for a passage; synja e-m fars, to deny one a passage; banna e-m f., to forbid one to sail (cf. farbann);
    3) trace, print, track (Sveinki rak lömb sín til fjöru í förin); villast hundarnir farsins, the hounds lose the track; of et sama f., on the same subject;
    4) life, conduct, behaviour; í fari konungsins in the king’s character;
    5) state, condition (gefa þeir eigi gaum um hennar far) f. veðranna, the course of the winds; at fornu fari, of yore, of old.
    * * *
    n.
    I. motion, travel; rare in this sense, as the fem. för and ferð, q. v., are used instead.
    β. of the clouds, in the phrase, far á lopti, drift in the sky.
    II. a means of passage, a ship; far er skip, Edda 110, Skálda 163: the allit. phrase, hvert fljótanda far, every floating vessel, Fms. xi. 125, Fær. 260; at bjarga fari á floti, Hm. 155.
    2. in compds, a trading vessel; Íslands-far, an Iceland-trader, Fms. vi. 370, vii. 32; Englands-far, an English-trader, ix. 41; Dýrlinnar-far, a Dublin ship, Eb. 254; fjögra-, tveggja-, sex-manna-far, a four-, two-, six-oared boat.
    3. passage, in the phrases, taka sér (e-m) fari, fá sér fari, ráða sér fari, usually so in dat., but in mod. usage acc. (taka, ráða sér far), to take a passage in a ship, Gþl. 516, Grág. ii. 400, 406 (acc.), Ld. 50, Landn. 307, Eg. 288, Nj. 111, 112, Ísl. ii. 199, Eb. 194; beiðask fars, id., Grág. i. 90, Fms. vi. 239; banna e-m far, to forbid one a passage, stop one (far-bann), Landn. 307; synja e-m fars, to deny one a passage (far-synjan), Hbl. 54; at þeir hafi allir far, Jb. 393.
    III. a trace, track, print, Hom. 120; Sveinki rak lömb sín til fjöru í förin, at eigi mátti sjá tveggja manna för, Njarð. 376; nú villask hundarnir farsins, the hounds lost the track, Fms. v. 147, cp. O. H. L. 83: metaph., of et sama far, on the same subject, of a book, Íb. (pref.): in many compds, a print, mark of anv kind, fóta-för, footprints; skafla-för, the print of a sharp-shod horse; nálar-far, a stitch; fingra-för, a finger-print; tanna-för, a bite; nagla-för, the marks of nails, John xx. 25; knífs-far, a knife’s mark; eggjar-far, the mark of the edge, in a cut; járna-far, the print of the shackles; kjal-far, the keel’s track, wake of a ship; um-far, a turn, round; saum-far, a rim on a ship’s side.
    IV. metaph. life, conduct, behaviour; hugar-far, geðs-far, lundar-far, disposition, character; ættar-far, a family mark, peculiarity; dag-far, daily life, conduct of life; í góðra manna fari ok vándra, 677. 3; hvat þess mundi vera í fari konungsins, in the king’s character, Fms. v. 327; ek vissa þá marga hluti í fari Knúts konungs, at hann mætti heilagr vera, xi. 287; nokkut af fyrnsku eptir í fari hans, iii. 131.
    2. estate, condition; ok gefa þeir eigi gaum um hennar far, N. G. L. i. 226; sem hann hafði skírt far sitt, made known his state, how he fared, 34; aldar-far, Lat. genius seculi; dægra-far, q. v.: sára-far, the state of the wounds; víga-far, q. v.; heilindis-far, health, Mar. 124; far veðranna, the course of the winds, Eb. 218; þá skrifaða ek þessa (bók) of et sama far, on the same subject, Íb. (pref.)
    3. the phrase, at forni fari, of yore, of old, Gþl. 85, 86, Eg. 711; at fornu fari ok nýju, of yore and of late, D. N.; at réttu fari, justly.
    β. the phrase, göra sér far um e-t, to take pains about a thing.
    B. = fár, q. v., bale, ill-fate (rare); far er reiði, far er skip, Edda 110; at hann mundi fara þat far sem hans formaðr, that he would fare as ill as his predecessor, Bs. i. 758: cp. the dubious phrase, muna yðvart far allt í sundi þótt ek hafa öndu látið, your ill-fate will not all be afloat, i. e. cleared off, though I am dead, Skv. 3. 51; vera í illu fari, to fare ill, be in a strait, Orkn. 480; ok vóru í illu fari hér um, Stj. 394. Judges viii. 1, ‘and they did chide with him sharply,’ A. V.; at hann skyldi í engu fari móti þeim vera, that he should not be plotting ( brooding mischief) against them, Sturl. iii. 121 C.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > FAR

  • 98 GRIÐ

    n.
    1) domicile, home;
    2) pl. truce, peace, pardon, quarter; selk g.: to make truce; segja í sundr griðum to dissolve the truce; lífs g. ok lima, safety for life and limbs; beiða (sér) griða, to sue for quarter; beiða griða Baldri fyrir alls konar háska, to seek protection for B. against all kinds of harm; gefa e-m g., to give one quarter; ganga til griða, to accept pardon.
    * * *
    n. [a Scandin. word, found in the Saxon Chron. year 1011, and in the A. S. poem Byrnoth, but in both passages it is a Danish, not a Saxon word].
    A. Prop. a domicile, home, with the notion of service; segja mann af griði, to give one notice to leave, Grág. i. 146; fá e-m grið, to get one a situation, id.; ef maðr hefir sér eigi grið (if a man has no home, no livelihood), ok varðar þat útlegð, id.; koma til griðs, to come to ( take up) service, 147; þiggja grið með e-m, to lodge with one, 160; taka grið með e-m, id., 149; vera í griði með e-m, to be in lodgings with one, N. G. L. i, 210; lög-grið, a lawful home, id.; búi sínu eðr griði, one’s household or abode, Grág. i. 163; fara ór griði, to leave service, ii. 144.
    COMPDS: griðfang, griðfangadagr, griðfastr, griðka, griðkona, griðlauss, griðmaðr, griðtaka, griðvist.
    B. In pl., metaph. a truce, peace, pardon; friðr is the general word, grið the special, deriving its name from being limited in time or space (asylum); rjúfa grið, spilla griðum, to break truce; setja grið, to make truce; halda grið, to keep truce; mæla fyrir griðum, to say the truce formula, etc., Grág. ii. 165 sqq.: the phrase, grið ok frið, fé-grið ok fjör-grið, truce for money and life, 168; segja í sundr griðum, to declare the truce to be at an end, Sturl. iii. 317; lífs grið ok lima, safety for life and limbs, Eb. 310; biðja griða, to sue for quarter (in battle), Nj. 45; beiða griða Baldri fyrir allskonar háska, Edda 36; gefa e-m grið, to give one quarter (after a battle), Nj. 265; ganga til griða, to sue for ( take) pardon, Fms. vii. 245; þeir beiddu griða ( truce) einn dag til heimreiðar, Eg. 279; kom hann þá griðum á ok því næst sættum, Fms. i. 81: a sanctuary, asylum, þeim er á grið kirkjunnar flýr, K. Á. 34.
    COMPDS: griðabeiðandi, griðabrek, griðagjöf, griðalauss, griðamark, griðamál, griðarof, griðasala, griðasetning, griðastaðr, griðastund, griðatíð, griðbítr, griðníðingr, griðsamr, griðspell.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > GRIÐ

  • 99 MÁL

    * * *
    I)
    n.
    1) speech, faculty of speech (þrøngdi svá sóttarfari konungs, at hann misti málsins);
    þau hafa ekki mál, they are dumb;
    2) language, tongue;
    norrønt mál, the Norse tongue;
    3) speech, speaking (hvárt er Flosi svá nær, at hann megi heyra mál mitt);
    4) colloquy, talk, speech;
    koma á mál (or at máli) við e-n, to come to talk with, speak to;
    finna (hitta) e-n at máli, to obtain speech with;
    krefja e-n máls, to ask an interview with;
    leita mills við e-n (spyrja e-n máls, mæla mál of e-m), to broach a subject to one;
    bera mál á e-t, hafa e-t á (or at) máli, to speak (talk) of (allir menn höfðu á máli, hversu fríðr maðr hann var);
    lúka sínu máli, to end one’s speech;
    þat er mál manna, at, people say that;
    5) tale, story;
    nú er þar til máls at taka, now it must be told;
    6) saw, saying;
    fornt (fornkveðit) mál er, at, it is an old saw that;
    7) diction, construction of sentences;
    tvau mál, two sentences;
    fullt mál, a full period;
    9) suit, action, cause;
    hefja mál á hendr e-m, to bring an action against one;
    búa mál, to prepare a suit;
    sœkja mál, to prosecute;
    10) stipulation, agreement (ek vil halda mil við hann þan, sem mælt vóru);
    lauss allra mála, free of all stipulations;
    11) case, matter, affair (þetta mál var við Jórunni rœtt);
    svá er mál með vexti, the matter stands thus;
    var þat annat mál, another matter;
    miðla mál, to mediate;
    tillagagóðr inna stœrri mála, a good counsellor in great matters;
    hafa sitt mál, to have one’s own way, have one’s will (honum eirir illa, of hann hefir eigi sitt mál);
    hafa mikit til síns máls, to have much in support of one’s case;
    e-t skiptir miklu (litlu) máli, it is of great (small) importance;
    12) three months (mál ok misseri).
    n.
    1) measure (fimm álna er hátt mál hans);
    leggja, bera mál við e-t, to measure (hann lagði mál við öll in stœrstu tré);
    2) time, high time (mál er upp at standa);
    sagði, at þá var mið nótt ók at enn væri mál at sofa, and still time to sleep;
    3) meal;
    í eitt mál, at einu máli, for one single meal;
    deila mat at málum, to deal out food at each meal.
    n. inlaid ornaments (on the hilts and guards of swords).
    * * *
    1.
    n., old pl. m́l, 673. 47, Greg.; [Ulf. maþl = ἀγορά; Hel. mahal = speech, meeting; Dan. maal; from the old Teut. maþl or mahal was formed the mid. Lat. mallum = parliament, public meeting (Du Cange), and mallum again was in Norman-French rendered by parliament.]
    A. Speech, faculty of speech; mál heitir orð …, Edda 110; þau hafa ekki mál, they are dumb, Fms. i. 97, Fs. i. 250; þröngdi svá sóttar-fari konungs at hann misti málsins, x. 148; þeir hafa eigi manns rödd né mál, Rb. 348; þeir hafa gauð fyrir mál, 346; mál, heyrn, sjón, Edda 6.
    II. speech as spoken, language, tongue; Norrænt mál, the Norse tongue, Fms. vii. 165; Gírskt mál, Greg. 75; í máli þeirra, til várs máls, in our tongue; í hverju máli, Skálda 161, 168; í vóru máli, 163, 166, 167, 169; í málinu, 165; kynnask várt mál at ráða þat er á Norrænu er ritað, Bs. i. 59; nema mál á Danska tungu, Grág.; rita at Norrænu máli, Hkr. (pref.); þeir skildu eigi hans mál, þá mælti kvinnan á Norrænu, Fs. 136.
    2. speech, speaking; hvárt er Flosi svá nær at hann megi heyra mál mitt, Nj. 36, 200; ver eigi nær honum en mál nemi, Fms. iv. 28; en skáldskapr var honum svá tiltækr, at hann mælti af tungu fram sem annat mál, 374; engi var svá vitr at snjallara mál mundi fram bera, vii. 158; snjallr í máli ok talaðr vel. ix. 535; skilr þú nokkut hérmanna mál, Fas. ii. 512; en er hann lauk sínu máli, Ld. 106, 130, Íb. 12; ok fara svá öllu máli um sem hann hafi áðr ekki um mælt, Grág. i. 40; ef hann kveðr svá at ok hafði í máli sínu, ‘heilt ráð ok heimolt,’ en eigi ella, 317; kveðr jarl þings ok mælti þeim málum á þinginu at Hákon jarl skyldi heita vargr í véum, Fms. xi. 40; tína fyrir mér öll þau mál ok athæfi er hafa þarf fyrir konungi, Sks. 301.
    3. speaking one to another, colloquy; vera á máli, to deliberate, converse, Vtkv., 1; hann kom opt á mál við konung, Eg. 106; engi þorði at krefja hann máls, 601; Þórdís gékk til máls við Egil frænda sinn, 765; þegar er þeir fundu menn at máli, Fms. i. 204; ef þeir vildu hafa hans mál, 241; síðan hættu þau málinu, Nj. 10; hann leitaði þá máls um við Ásgerði hverju þat gegndi, Eg. 703; ok spyrja hana máls hvar til þessi svör skulu koma, Hkr. i. 77; þat var karl ok kerling, mælti hann mál af þeim ok spurði, Fas. iii. 525; höfðu menn at máli (people noticed, of something extraordinary), at…, Fms. vii. 301; allir menn höfðu á máli, er Ólaf sá, hversu fríðr maðr hann var, Ld. 88; bera mikit mál á, Fms. x. 93; þat var mál manna, people said that; or, þat er mál manna, people say, Nj. 268, Eg. 29, Fms. vii. 150.
    4. a tale, narrative; nú er þat til máls at taka (of resuming the narrative after an episode), to take up the story again, Ld. 314, Nj. 16, 29, 135, 148, 196; er fyrr var getið í þessu máli, Fms. xi. 41; þar hef ek upp þat mál, Eg. 735.
    5. a saw; þat er fornt mál (‘tis an old saw), at bísna skal at betr verði, Fms. x. 261, Glúm. 344; á líti þeir mál in fornu, look to the old wise sayings, Sighvat (forn-mæli, q. v.)
    6. gramm. diction, construction of sentences; mál ok hættir, Edda 49; ef þat mál ( figure of speech) er upp er tekit haldi of alla vísu-lengd, 123; breyta háttum með máli einu, to vary the verses with the sentences, Edda 124 (for specimens see lit. 9–23); tvau mál, two sentences; fullt mál, a full period; hér lýkr máli, lúka heilu máli, a sentence closes; annat ok þriðja vísu-orð er sér um mál, ok er þat stál kallat, of the intercalary sentences in poetry, Edda 125; þeir kölluðu at hann hafði eigi rétt ort at máli, Fms. v. 209; samhljóðendr megu ekki mál eðr atkvæði göra einir við sik, Skálda; hér er mál fullt í hverju vísu-orði, Edda; Skáldskapar-mál, poetical diction, id.; bragar-mál, id., 124.
    7. mál is the name of old songs containing old saws or sentences, such as the Háva-mál; as also of poems in a dialogue (mál); all such poems were in a peculiar metre called mála-háttr, which is opposed to the epic kviðu-háttr, thus, Grímnis-mál, Vafþrúðnis-mál, Alvís-mál, Hamðis-mál, Hákonar-mál, Eiríks-mál; in some instances the name has been applied erroneously, e. g. Atla-mál; the Rígs-mál is a name given in modern times, the old name was Rígs-þula.
    B. As a law phrase, with the notion of public speaking, action, or the like:
    1. a suit, action, cause; hefja mál á hendr e-m, Fms. vii. 130; hafa mál á höndum, Grág. i. 38; sókn skal fyrr fara fram hvers máls en vörn, nema þat sé allt eitt, ok sé þat annars máls sókn er annars er vörn, 59; Njáll nefndi vátta ok sagði únýtt málit, Nj. 36; ekki á Bjarkeyjar-réttr á því máli at standa, Fms. vii. 130; þeir veittu Gizuri hvíta at hverju máli, Nj. 86; báru þeir kvið um mál Otkels, 87; færa mál fram at dómi, Grág, i. 135; sækja mál, to prosecute, Nj. 86, 99; sækja mál lögliga ok réttliga, Fms. vii. 133; Gunnarr sótti málit þar til er hann bauð til varna, Nj. 36; en um tólf mánuðr stendr þeirra mál, the case stands over for twelve months, Grág. i. 143; sækja mál á þingi, Nj. 36; færa vörn fyrir mál, 87; mál kemr í dóm, Glúm. 365; höfða mál, to institute a suit, Grág. i. 142; búa mál, to prepare a suit, of the preliminaries, Glúm. 365, passim; leggja mál undir e-n (as umpire), Nj. 105; hafa sitt mál, to get one’s verdict, win the suit, passim; vera borinn máli, to be cast, convicted, N. G. L. i. 122: to be beaten, get the worst, passim: vígs-mál, legorðs-mál, fé-mál, etc.
    2. an indictment, charge;þá eru þeir varðir máli ef þeir fá þann bjargkvið, Grág. i. 54; ok versk hann þá málinu, 317; at upp skyldi vera rannsókn en þau ór málinu ef hann hittisk eigi þar, Ld. 44; ek vil svara því máli, I will answer that charge, Nj. 99; ok bað Sigurð Hranason svara þar málum fyrir sik, Fms. vii. 130; á hann kost at láta varða skóggang eða görtæki, ef hann vill til hins meira máls færa ok skal hann stefna ok láta varða skóggang, Grág. i. 430; hann spurði alla ena beztu menn, hvert mál þeim þætti Gunnarr eiga á þeim nöfnum fyrir fjörráðin, Nj. 105; leynd mál, hidden charges, Grág. i. 362.
    3. procedure, order; at alþingis-máli réttu ok allsherjar-lögum, Nj. 87: pleading, enda er svá sem þeir mæli eigi þeim m́lum nema þeir vinni eiða at, Grág. ii. 342.
    4. stipulation, agreement; mál meginlig, Vsp.; bregða máli, Grág. i. 148; ok skilja þeir eigi þat mál görr, en svá, 136; nema þau vili annat mál á göra, 336; en ek skal lauss allra mála ef hann kemr eigi svá út, Ísl. ii. 217; skulu þeirra manna mál standask, Grág. i. 296: engagement, ok vitja málanna fyrir hönd okkra beggja, Fms. xi. 104.
    5. transactions; en hvert sem at þessum málum var setið lengr eða skemr, Ld. 22.
    6. a case; lá ek þá í vöggu er þær skyldu tala um mitt mál, Fas. i. 340; mál hans stendr í miklum háska, Mar.; en þó skaltu svá um þitt mál hugsa, … at þá munt þú skamt eiga úlifat, Nj. 85; at hvárir-tveggju hafi nakkvat síns máls, Jb. 12; þat er mál Sigurðar konungs at mæla til Inga konungs, Fms. vii. 221; festi járnburð, at svá skyldi sanna mál hans, 230; honum eirir ílla ef hann hefir eigi sitt mál, Ísl. ii. 237; þá skal sá þeirra hafa sitt mál er eið vill at vinna, Grág. i. 393; Þórólfr bað Ölvi byrja mál sitt við konung, Eg. 62; at vit fáim rétt af þessu máli, 40; flytja mál sitt, Ld. 180; muntú mér verða at trúa til málanna þinna allra, Fms. xi. 104; allir er eiðsvarar erut við þetta mál, Nj. 192; eiga síðan allt mitt mál undir yðr fóstbræðrum, Fas. ii. 532; þetta mál var við Jórunni rætt, Ld. 22; þykki mér nú vandast málit, Nj. 4; svá er mál með vexti, the case is this, Lv. 43, Fas. iii. 59; var þat annat m., another affair, Nj. 256; ekki eru þau efni í um várt mál, Ld. 76; konungr átti dóm á þeirra máli, id.; ber hann upp fyrir bróður sinn málit, hann berr upp málit ok biðr Unnar, ok undra ek er þú ferr með því máli, Fas. i. 364; Austmaðrinn heldr nú á málinu við bónda Nj. 259; ef þér vilit göra málit at álitum, 3; svara þessu máli, Fms. vii. 124; miðla mál, to mediate, Íb. 12; inna stærri mála, in important cases, Nj. 2.
    7. special phrases, e-t skiptir miklu, litlu … máli, to bear much or little upon a case, to be of great (small …) importance, Eg. 742, Ó. H. 31, passim: skiptir þá eigi máli, Grág. i. 43; varða máli, id.; ef honum þætti máli varða at hann næði því, Rd. 260: þú kvaddir þess kviðar er eigi átti máli at skipta um víg Auðúlfs, who had no concern with the slaying of A., Nj. 87.
    C. COMPDS, máls- and mála-: máls-afglöpun, f. a false or collusive action, whereby the suit is lost, Grág. i. 494. máls-bót, f. an excuse, exculpation, Fms. vii. 207; esp. in plur., hafa sér e-ð til málsbóta, to use as an excuse. mála-efni, n. pl. a cause, its circumstances and nature, Nj. 47, Háv. 51; íll málaefni, a bad case, Fs. 41. 138, Ó. H. 150, Band. 12. máls-endi, a, m., see málsemd. máls-eyrendi, n. a discourse, Sturl. i. 140. mála-ferli, n. pl. lawsuits, litigation, Fs. 47, Eg. 644, Nj. 78, Sturl. i. 105, Fær. 109. mála-flutningr, m. the conduct of a suit, Hrafn. 17. mála-fylgjumaðr ( mála-fylgismaðr), m. a lawyer; mikill m., a great taker up of suits, Nj. 1, Bs. i. 82. máls-fylling, f. the conclusion of a case, Fb. iii. 451. máls-grein, f. a sentence, Skálda 174, 181, Bs. i. 753 ( a passage in a letter): a phrase, Stj. 79, Edda 49; partr málsgreinar = pars orationis, Skálda 180: diction, style, Edda 120. mála-háttr, m. [mál, háttr], a kind of metre, Edda 142, where a specimen is given. máls-hattr, m. a phrase, Stj. 67, 126: = málsgrein, Skálda 170: a proverb, saying, Fms. ii. 33, Fas. iii. 104, Stj. 133, passim. málshátta-safn, n. a collection of proverbs. mála-hlutr or máls-hlutr or -hluti, a, m. one side of a case or suit eiga enn þyngra málahlut, Ísl. ii. 172; þá ferr ílla m. várr ( our case), Lv. 95: a share, mun sá verða m. várr beztr, Nj. 88; nú kann vera, at ek kunna ekki at sjá málahlut til handa mér, en vilja munda ek halda sæmd minni, Sturl. i. 105. mála-kosta, u, f. a complaint, pleading in a case, Sturl. i. 613, H. E. i. 457. mála-leitan, f. a negotiation, the mooting a question, Eg. 521, Eb. 130, Fms. vii. 299, Orkn. 56. mála-lenging, f. useless prolongation. mála-lok, n. pl. the end of a case, conclusion, Eb. 106, Nj. 102, Bs. i. 68. mála-lyktir, f. pl. = málalok, Eb. 24, 36, Nj. 88, Fms. vii. 14. máls-löstr, m. bad grammar, Skálda 181. mála-maðr, m. = málafylgju-maðr, Dropl. 6, Ld. 298, Boll. 354. mála-mannligt, n. adj. like, worthy of a málamaðr, Bs. i. 751. máls-metandi, part., m. maðr, a person of mark. mála-mynd, f.; til málamyndar, only for appearance, not seriously. máls-orð, n. a word in a sentence, Edda 124, 126, 128. máls-partr, m. a part of speech, Skálda 185: a part in a suit, mod. máls-rödd, f. = málrómr, Stj. 81. mála-skil, n. pl. knowledge of proceeding. Sturl. iii. 10. mála-skot, n. an appeal in a case, K. Á. 218. mála-sóku, f. a lawsuit, prosecution, Nj. 248. máls-spell, n. a flaw in a suit, Nj. 170, Fms. x. 12. mála-sönnun, f. evidence, Mar. mála-tilbúningr or mála-tilbúnaðr, m. the preparation of a suit, Grág. i. 490, Eb. 282, Nj. 36, 100. mála-tilleitan, f. = málaleitan, Þórð. 67. mála-vöxtr, m. the state of a case, Fms. vi. 11, Al. 113, Bs. i. 67, Nj. 79. máls-þörf, f. a wish to speak, Fms. vi. 374.
    2.
    n. [Ulf. mêl = χρόνος, καιρός; A. S. mâl; Engl. meal; Germ. mahl; Dan. and Swed. maal, mâl = a mark]:—a measure: hann mælti grundvöll undir húss, þat var þeirra átrúnaðr ef málit gengi saman, þá er optarr væri reynt, at þess manns ráð mundi saman ganga, ef mál-vöndrinn þyrri, en þróask ef hann vissi til mikilleiks, gékk nú málit saman ok var þrem sinnum reynt, Korm. 8; fimm álna er hátt mál hans, Fms. vi. 929; ganga undir mál, to undergo a mál (for measuring one’s height); þat sögðu menn at þeir hefði jafnmiklir menn verit, þá er þeir gengu undir mál, Ld. 178; leggja, bera mál við, to measure; hann lagði mál við öll in stærstu tré, 216; með því sama máli sem þér mælit út mun yðr verða aptr mælt, Mar.; bar hón mál á, ok þurfti þá þrjár álnar ok þver hönd, Bs. ii. 168; kunna maga mál, to know the measure of one’s stomach, Hm. 20.
    2. a length of sixteen fathoms, D. N. (Fr.)
    B. Temp. [Ulf. mêl = χρόνος, καιρός], a ‘meal,’ of time, i. e. a certain portion of time:
    I. time, high time; skipverjum þótti mál ór hafi, Landn. 206: with infin., Vsp. 14, Hm. 111, Skm. 10, Bm. 1; mönnum væri mál at lýsa sökum sínum, Nj. 149; at mál væri at ganga at sofa, Fms. ii. 138; mælti biskup at mál væri at sofa, 139; sagði mál at ríða, Orkn. 48: adding a dat., mál er mér at ríða, Hkv. 2. 47: ok er mál at vit farim, Fær. 255; mál er at leita at hestum várum, Korm. 182; ok er allt mál at ættvíg þessi takisk af, Ld. 258; ok er nú mál at hætta, Fms. vi. 212: e-m er mál (of stools):—í mál, in due time; þóat í mál yrði borinn kviðrinn, Grág. i. 54.
    2. the moment, nick of time (mál, q. v.); at hann var þar þá nótt, ok á því máli …, of an alibi, N. G. L. i. 309.
    II. the meal-time, morning and evening, Edda 103; hence of cattle, missa máls, to miss the time, sheep lost or astray for a day so that they cannot be milked, Grág. ii. 230, 231; kvikfénaðr missir máls, Snót; hence málnyta. q. v.; deila mat at málum, to deal out meat at each meal, Grág. i. 149; í hvert mál, Hm. 36; í eitt mál, for one single ‘meal,’ Karl. 347, Grág. i. 293; fæða þá í tvau mál, ii. 400; í bæði mál (see i B, p. 317): at því máli = Germ. diesmahl, Korm. (in a verse); þat er ok mitt ráð þó þat sé at fyrra máli at menn snæði nokkut, Fb. ii. 676; þat vilda ek at þær æti at einu máli kýr Hálfdanar bróður míns, Ó. H. 64; ef ættak at málungi mat, if I had meat from meal to meal, Hm.
    2. of the day marks; dag-mál = day-meal = 9 o’clock A. M.; and nátt-mál, night-time = 9 o’clock P. M.; í fyrra málið, to-morrow morning; eg skal koma í fyrra málið.
    III. of the seasons of the year; í misseri eru mál tvau, í máli eru mánuðr þrír, Rb. 6; mál ok misseri, Hm.; sumar-mál, the time when summer sets in (middle of April), opp. to vetr-nætr, when winter sets in; hríð-mál. q. v.
    COMPDS: málamatr, málamjólk, málsverðr.
    3.
    n. [Ulf. mêl = γραφή and γράμμα; Hel. mâl = imago, effigies; cp. also Goth. maljan = γράφειν, whence mod. Germ. mahlerei, mahlen, = pingere]:—prop. ‘a drawing,’ but it is used in old writers only of inlaid ornaments on spear’s heads or on the hilts and guards of swords; görir Þorgrímr þar af spjót, mál vóru í, Gísl. 18; hann hafði króka-spjót í hendi haugtekit ok allgóð mál í, Ld. 78; spjót, þá fann hann blóð í málunum, Glúm. 344; stál bjartra mála, Korm. 1; gull-mál (q. v.), Þiðr. 110; stála-mál, inlaid work of steel, Ht. R. 33. For specimens of ‘mál’ see Worsaae, Nos. 325, 331; a plate with inlaid work on the outside and a Runic inscription on the inside was found in Oct. 1870 in the cairn Greenmount in Ireland, and is described by Major-General Lefroy.
    COMPDS: málajárn, málasax, málaspjót, málasteinn.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > MÁL

  • 100 ÞING

    n.
    1) assembly, meeting;
    esp. for purposes of legislation, a parliament;
    slíta þingi, segja þing laust, to dissolve a meeting;
    2) parish;
    3) district, county, shire;
    vera í þingi goða, to be in the district of such and such a goði, to be his liegeman, in his jurisdiction;
    4) interview, of lovers;
    vera í þingum við konu, to have a love intrigue with a woman (þat var talat, at Þorbjórn væri í þingum við Þórdísi);
    5) in pl. things articles, valuables (síðan tók hón þing sín, en Þorsteinn tók hornin).
    * * *
    n. [no Goth. þigg is recorded; A. S. and Hel. þing; Engl. thing; O. H. G., Germ., and Dutch ding; Dan.-Swed. ting.]
    A. A thing, Lat. res. In the Icel. this sense of the word is almost unknown, although in full use in mod. Dan.-Swed. ting, where it may come from a later Germ. influence.
    II. in plur. articles, objects, things, esp. with the notion of costly articles: þeir rannsaka allan hans reiðing ok allan hans klæðnað ok þing, articles, Sturl. iii. 295; þau þing (articles, inventories) er hann keypti kirkjunni innan sik, Vm. 20; þessi þing gaf Herra Vilkin kirkjunni í Klofa,—messu-klæði, kaleik, etc., 26.
    2. valuables, jewels (esp. of a married lady), the law often speaks of the ‘þing’ and the ‘heimanfylgja;’ ef maðr fær konu at lands-lögum réttum … þá skulu lúkask henni þing sín ok heimanfylgja, Gþl. 231; hann hafði ór undir-heimum þau þing at eigi munu slík í Noregi, Fms. iii. 178; siðan tók hón þing sín, 195; eptir samkvámu ( marriage) þeirra þá veitti Sveinn konungr áhald þingum þeim er ját vóru ok skilat með systur hans, x. 394; maðr skal skilja þing með frændkonu sinni ok svá heiman-fylgju, N. G. L. ii; skal Ólafr lúka Geirlaugu þing sín, svá mikil sem hón fær löglig vitni til, D. N. i. 108; þinga-veð, a security for a lady’s paraphernalia, D. N. passim.
    B. As a law phrase [see Þingvöllr]:
    I. an assembly, meeting, a general term for any public meeting, esp. for purposes of legislation, a parliament, including courts of law; in this sense þing is a standard word throughout all Scandinavian countries (cp. the Tyn-wald, or meeting-place of the Manx parliament): technical phrases, blása til þings, kveðja þings, stefna þing, setja þing, kenna þing (N. G. L. i. 63); helga þing, heyja þing, eiga þing; slíta þingi, segja þing laust, to dissolve a meeting, see the verbs: so also a þing ‘er fast’ when sitting, ‘er laust’ when dissolved (fastr I. γ, lauss II. 7); Dróttins-dag hinn fyrra í þingi, ríða af þingi, ríða á þing, til þings, vera um nótt af þingi, öndvert þing, ofanvert þing, Grág. i. 24, 25; nú eru þar þing ( parliaments) tvau á einum þingvelli, ok skulu þeir þá fara um þau þing bæði (in local sense), 127; um várit tóku bændr af þingit ok vildu eigi hafa, Vápn. 22; hann hafði tekit af Vöðla-þing, skyldi þar eigi sóknar-þing heita, Sturl. i. 141: in countless instances in the Sagas and the Grág., esp. the Nj. passim, Íb. ch. 7, Gísl. 54–57, Glúm. ch. 24, 27, Eb. ch. 9, 10, 56, Lv. ch. 4, 15–17: other kinds of assemblies in Icel. were Leiðar-þing, also called Þriðja-þing, Grág. i. 148; or Leið, q. v.; hreppstjórnar-þing (see p. 284); manntals-þing; in Norway, bygða-þing, D. N. ii. 330; hús-þing, vápna-þing, refsi-þing, v. sub vocc.:—eccl. a council, H. E. i. 457, Ann. 1274; þing í Nicea, 415. 14.
    2. a parish (opp. to a benefice); in Iceland this word is still used of those parishes whose priest does not reside by the church, no manse being appointed as his fixed residence; such a parish is called þing or þinga-brauð (and he is called þinga-prestr, q. v.), as opp. to a ‘beneficium,’ Grág. i. 471, K. Þ. K. 30, 70, K. Á. passim; bóndi er skyldr at ala presti hest til allra nauðsynja í þingin, Vm. 73; tíundir af hverjum bónda í þingunum, 96, Bs. i. 330, H. E. ii. 48, 85, 128.
    3. an interview, of lovers, H. E. i. 244; þat var talat at Þorbjörn væri í þingum við Þórdísi, Gísl. 5; nær þú á þingi mant nenna Njarðar syni, Skm. 38; man-þing, laun-þing.
    II. loc. a district, county, shire, a þing-community, like lög (sec p. 369, col. 2, B. II); a ‘þing’ was the political division of a country; hence the law phrase, vera í þingi með goða, to be in the district of such and such a godi, to be his liegeman, cp. þingfesti; or, segjask or þingi, see the Grág., Nj., and Sagas, passim; full goðorð ok forn þing, Grág. i. 15; í því þingi eðr um þau þing, 85. In later times Icel. was politically divided into twelve or thirteen counties. In old days every community or ‘law’ had its own assembly or parliament, whence the double sense of ‘lög’ as well as of ‘þing.’
    C. HISTORICAL REMARKS.—In Norway the later political division and constitution of the country dates from king Hacon the Good and his counsellors Thorleif the Wise and earl Sigurd. As king Harold Fairhair was the conqueror of Norway, so was his son Hacon her legislator as also the founder of her constitution, and of her political division into ‘þings;’ for this is the true meaning of the classical passage,—hann (king Hacon) lasgði mikinn hug á laga-setning í Noregi, hann setti Gulaþings-lög ok Frostaþings-lög, ok Heiðsævis-lög fyrst at upphafi, en áðr höfðu sér hverir fylkis-menn lög, Ó. H. 9; in Hkr. l. c. the passage runs thus—hann setti Gulaþings-lög með ráði Þorleifs spaka, ok hann setti Frostaþings-lög með ráði Sigurðar jarls ok annara Þrænda þeirra er vitrastir vóru, en Heiðsævis-lög hafði sett Hálfdan svarti, sem fyrr er ritað, Hkr. 349 new Ed.; the account in Eg. ch. 57, therefore, although no doubt true in substance, is, as is so often the case in the Sagas, an anachronism; for in the reign of Eric ‘Bloodaxe,’ there were only isolated fylkis-þing, and no Gula-þing. In later times St. Olave added a fourth þing, Borgar-þing, to the three old ones of king Hacon (those of Gula, Frosta, and Heiðsævi); and as he became a saint, he got the name of legislator in the popular tradition, the credit of it was taken from Hacon, the right man; yet Sighvat the poet speaks, in his Bersöglis-vísur, of the laws of king Hacon the foster-son of Athelstan. Distinction is therefore to be made between the ancient ‘county’ þing and the later ‘united’ þing, called lög-þing (Maurer’s ‘ding-bund’); also almennilegt þing or almanna-þing, D. N. ii. 265, iii. 277; fjórðunga þing, ii. 282; alþingi, alls-herjar-þing. The former in Norway was called fylkis-þing, or county þing; in Icel. vár-þing, héraðs-þing, fjórðungs-þing (cp. A. S. scîrgemot, a shiremote). Many of the old pre-Haconian fylkis-þing or shiremotes seem to have continued long afterwards, at least in name, although their importance was much reduced; such we believe were the Hauga-þing (the old fylkis-þing of the county Westfold), Fms. viii. 245, Fb. ii. 446, iii. 24; as also Þróndarness-þing, Arnarheims-þing, Kefleyjar-þing, Mork. 179.
    II. in Iceland the united þing or parliament was called Al-þingi; for its connection with the legislation of king Hacon, see Íb. ch. 2–5 (the chronology seems to be confused): again, the earlier Icel. spring þings (vár-þing), also called héraðs-þing ( county þing) or fjórðunga-þing ( quarter þing), answer to the Norse fylkis-þing; such were the Þórness-þing, Eb., Landn., Gísl., Sturl.; Kjalarness-þing, Landn. (App.); Þverár-þing, Íb.; also called Þingness-þing, Sturl. ii. 94; Húnavatns-þing, Vd.; Vöðla-þing, Lv., Band.; Skaptafells-þing, Nj.; Árness-þing, Flóam. S.; þingskála-þing, Nj.; Hegraness-þing, Glúm., Lv., Grett.; Múla-þing (two of that name), Jb. (begin.), cp. Grág. i. 127; Þorskafjarðar-þing, Gísl., Landn.; Þingeyjar-þing, Jb.; further, Krakalækjar-þing, Dropl. (vellum, see Ny Fél. xxi. 125); Sunnudals-þing, Vápn.; þing við Vallna-laug, Lv.; þing í Straumfirði, Eb.; Hvalseyrar-þing, Gísl.; or þing í Dýrafirði, Sturl.; Fjósatungu-þing, Lv.
    III. in Sweden the chief þings named were Uppsala-þing, Ó. H.; and Mora-þing (wrongly called Múla-þing, Ó. H. l. c., in all the numerous vellum MSS. of this Saga; the Icelandic chronicler or the transcriber probably had in mind the Icel. þing of that name).
    IV. in Denmark, Vebjarga-þing, Knytl. S.; Íseyrar-þing, Jómsv. S.
    V. in the Faroe Islands, the þing in Þórshöfn, Fær.: in Greenland, the þing in Garðar, Fbr.
    VI. freq. in Icel. local names, Þing-völlr, Þing-vellir (plur.) = Tingwall, in Shetland; Þing-nes, Þing-eyrar, Þing-ey, Þing-eyri (sing.); Þing-múli, Þing-skálar, etc., Landn., map of Icel.; Þing-holt (near Reykjavik).
    D. COMPDS: þingsafglöpun, þingsboð, þingabrauð, þingadeild, þingadómr, þingakvöð, þingaprestr, þingasaga, þingatollr, þingaþáttr.

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