fold

rūga, ae, f., a crease in the face, a wrinkle.

In gen. (class.; usu. in plur.).

Plur.:

non cani non rugae repente auctoritatem arripere possunt,

Cic. Sen. 18, 62:

vos populumque Romanum non consilio neque eloquentiā, sed rugis supercilioque decepit,

id. Red. in Sen. 7, 15: nec pietas moram Rugis et instanti senectae Afferet, [p. 1604] Hor. C. 2, 14, 3:

vis tu remittere aliquid ex rugis,

Plin. Ep. 9, 17, 2:

rugas in fronte contrahere,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26:

rugis vetus Frontem senectus exaret,

Hor. Epod. 8, 4; cf.: frontem rugis arat, * Verg. A. 7, 417:

dum tarda senectus inducat rugas,

Tib. 2, 2, 20; Hor. C. 4, 13, 11:

sulcare cutem rugis,

Ov. M. 3, 276; 14, 96; 15, 232 et saep. al.—

Prov.: de rugis crimina multa cadunt,

Ov. Am. 1, 8, 46.—

Sing. ( poet.):

faceret scissas languida ruga genas?

Prop. 2, 18 (3, 10), 6; 3 (4), 25, 12; Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 34, id. A. A. 1, 240; Juv. 13, 215; 14, 325.—

Transf., a crease, fold, plait, wrinkle, corrugation, etc., of any kind (post-Aug.; cf.

rugo, I.): margaritae flavescunt senectā rugisque torpescunt,

Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 109:

aquilonis afflatus poma deturpans rugis,

id. 15, 16, 18, § 59; 12, 7, 14, § 26; 17, 14, 24, § 107 al.; of the folds of garments, id. 35, 8, 34, § 56; Macr. S. 2, 9.—In sing.:

jam deciens redit in rugam,

Pers. 6, 79 Gildersleeve ad loc.:

vestes quoque diutius vinctas ruga consumet,

Petr. 102, 12.—

The female screw, Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 317.

Rūga, ae, m. [1. ruga], a Roman surname, e. g. of Sp. Carvilius, whose divorce is said to have been the first in Rome, Gell. 4, 3, 2; 17, 21, 44; Val. Max. 2, 1, 4.

rūga, ae, f., a crease in the face, a wrinkle.

In gen. (class.; usu. in plur.).

Plur.:

non cani non rugae repente auctoritatem arripere possunt,

Cic. Sen. 18, 62:

vos populumque Romanum non consilio neque eloquentiā, sed rugis supercilioque decepit,

id. Red. in Sen. 7, 15: nec pietas moram Rugis et instanti senectae Afferet, [p. 1604] Hor. C. 2, 14, 3:

vis tu remittere aliquid ex rugis,

Plin. Ep. 9, 17, 2:

rugas in fronte contrahere,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26:

rugis vetus Frontem senectus exaret,

Hor. Epod. 8, 4; cf.: frontem rugis arat, * Verg. A. 7, 417:

dum tarda senectus inducat rugas,

Tib. 2, 2, 20; Hor. C. 4, 13, 11:

sulcare cutem rugis,

Ov. M. 3, 276; 14, 96; 15, 232 et saep. al.—

Prov.: de rugis crimina multa cadunt,

Ov. Am. 1, 8, 46.—

Sing. ( poet.):

faceret scissas languida ruga genas?

Prop. 2, 18 (3, 10), 6; 3 (4), 25, 12; Ov. Tr. 3, 7, 34, id. A. A. 1, 240; Juv. 13, 215; 14, 325.—

Transf., a crease, fold, plait, wrinkle, corrugation, etc., of any kind (post-Aug.; cf.

rugo, I.): margaritae flavescunt senectā rugisque torpescunt,

Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 109:

aquilonis afflatus poma deturpans rugis,

id. 15, 16, 18, § 59; 12, 7, 14, § 26; 17, 14, 24, § 107 al.; of the folds of garments, id. 35, 8, 34, § 56; Macr. S. 2, 9.—In sing.:

jam deciens redit in rugam,

Pers. 6, 79 Gildersleeve ad loc.:

vestes quoque diutius vinctas ruga consumet,

Petr. 102, 12.—

The female screw, Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 317.

Rūga, ae, m. [1. ruga], a Roman surname, e. g. of Sp. Carvilius, whose divorce is said to have been the first in Rome, Gell. 4, 3, 2; 17, 21, 44; Val. Max. 2, 1, 4.

saeptum ( sēp-), i, n. [id.] (class.; usu. plur.).

Prop.

In gen., a fence, en closure, wall, etc.; plur. absol.:

nunc de saeptis, quae tutandi causā fundi, aut partis fiant, dicam,

Varr. R. R. 1, 14, 1; cf.

the context: quibus enim saeptis tam immanes beluas continebimus?

Cic. Phil. 13, 3, 5:

saxea saepta,

id. ib. 4, 701:

saepta candentia,

Mart. Cap. 2, § 108:

nisi saeptis revolsis,

Cic. Phil. 5, 4, 9.—With gen.:

transit fulmen caeli per saepta domorum,

Lucr. 1, 490; cf. id. 6, 228; 6, 860.— Sing.:

AEDICVLAM, ARAM, SAEPTVM, CLVSVM, VETVSTATE DIRVTA RESTITVIT,

Inscr. Orell. 1515.—

Esp.: Saeptum lini, a hunter's net or toils, Nemes. Cyneg. 308.—

Meton.

In gen., any enclosed place, an enclosure:

ut intra saepta (sc. villae) habeat aquam,

Varr. R. R. 1, 11, 2.—

Esp.

A fold for cattle:

quamvis multa meis exiret victima saeptis,

Verg. E. 1, 34:

saepta repetit pecus,

Col. 6, 23, 3.—

A fish-pond or preserve:

animadvertimus intra saepta pelagios greges inertis mugilis,

Col. 8, 17, 8.—

Plur., a large enclosed place in the Campus Martius, where the people assembled to vote, and where were many handsome shops:

cum ille in saepta irruisset,

Cic. Mil. 15, 41:

est (sc. dies) quoque, quo populum jus est includere saeptis,

Ov. F. 1, 53; cf. Mart. 9, 60, 1. —

Saeptum venationis, a park, warren, preserve, enclosed hunting-ground, Varr. R. R. 3, 12, 2; cf. the context.—

Any thing used for enclosing, etc.; hence,

A palisade, stake, pale:

inermem tribunum adoriantur fragmentis saeptorum et fustibus,

Cic. Sest. 37, 79.—

A sluice, flood-gate, Dig. 43, 21, 1, § 4.—

Medic. t. t., the diaphragm, midriff:

jecur... ab ipso saepto orsum,

Cels. 4, 1; cf. id. 5, 26, 15; 7, 4, 2;

called also transversum saeptum,

id. 4, 1.

spīra, ae, f., = speira.

That which is wound, wreathed, coiled, or twisted; a coil, fold, twist, spire (cf. orbis);

of a serpent,

Verg. G. 2, 154; id. A. 2, 217; Ov. M. 3, 77.—Of the grain of wood, Plin. 16, 39, 76, § 198.—Of the intestines, Lact. Opif. Dei, 11, § 16.—

Concr.:

spira dicitur et basis columnae unius tori aut duorum, et genus operis pistorii, et funis nauticus in orbem convolutus, ab eādem omnes similitudine. Pacuvius: Quid cessatis, socii, ejicere spiras sparteas? Ennius quidem hominum multitudinem ita appellat, cum ait: spiras legionibus nexunt,

Fest. p. 300 Müll. (Ann. v. 501 Vahl., where the read. is nexit).—So,

The base of a column, Vitr. 3, 3; 4, 1; Plin. 36, 23, 56, § 179.—

A kind of twisted cake, a twist, cracknel, Cato, R. R. 77.—

A coil of rope, Pac. ap. Fest. l. l.—

A braid of hair, Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 117; Val. Fl. 6, 396.—

A twisted tie for fastening the hat under the chin, Juv. 8, 208.—

A confused crowd of men, Enn. ap. Fest. l. l.

tăbŭla, ae, f. [root ta-, tab; whence also taberna, q. v.], a board, plank.

In gen.:

si tabulam de naufragio stultus arripuerit,

Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; cf. id. Att. 4, 18, 3; Verg. A. 1, 119:

laceras tabulas in litore vidi,

Ov. M. 11, 428:

tabula navis,

Juv. 14, 289; Verg. A. 9, 537:

inauratae,

Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 114:

latera (fossarum) cluduntur tabulis,

id. 33, 4, 21, § 76:

perforatae,

Col. 7, 4, 5.—Esp., a board to play on, Ov. de Nuce, 77; Sen. Tranq. An. 14, 7; Juv. 1, 90.—

In partic.

A writing-tablet; also, a tablet written upon, a writing, as a letter, contract, account, list, will, etc. (cf. tabella):

tabulae litteris Graecis confectae,

Caes. B. G. 1, 29:

cerata,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 18: litteraria, a writing-tablet for children, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 10; cf.:

laevo suspensi loculos tabulamque lacerto,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 74; id. Ep. 1, 1, 56:

ponatur calculus assint Cum tabula pueri,

Juv. 9, 41: tabula calculatoria, Schol. Juv. 7, 73.—

Plur., a book of account:

pro tabulis, Ubi aera perscribuntur usuraria,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 52; cf.:

multum differt, in arcāne positum sit argentum, an in tabulis debeatur,

Cic. Top. 3, 16:

litterae lituraeque omnes assimulatae, expressae, de tabulis in libros transferuntur,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 189:

aliquid in tabulas referre,

id. Fl. 9, 20:

tabulas conficere,

id. de Or. 2, 23, 97; id. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 60; id. Rosc. Com. 2, 5:

unae tabulae proferantur, in quibus vestigium sit aliquod, quod, etc.,

id. Font. 5, 12 (1, 2): novae, new account-books (by substituting which for the old ones debts were abolished in whole or in part), id. Phil. 6, 4, 11; id. Att. 5, 21, 13; 14, 21, 4; id. Off. 2, 23, 84; Caes. B. C. 3, 1; 3, 21; cf. Sall. C. 21, 2. —

A counter, office where records are kept:

suos necessarios conrogat, ut ad tabulam Sextiam sibi adsint horā secundā,

Cic. Quint. 6, 25. —

Adest ad tabulam: licetur Aebutius (a tablet on which an auction was advertised);

hence,

an auction, Cic. Caecin. 6, 16; cf.:

sin ad tabulam venimus, vincemus facultates Othonis,

id. Att. 12, 40, 4. —

Of public records, etc.:

tabula praerogativae,

a list of votes, Cic. Pis. 5, 11; cf. Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 18; 3, 17, 1; Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 2, 8:

qui de tabulis publicis recitat,

public records, State papers, Cic. Fl. 17, 40; so,

publicae,

id. Arch. 4, 8; Liv. 26, 36, 11.—Esp., the censor ' s lists:

tabularum cura,

Liv. 4. 8, 4:

memoria publica recensionis tabulis publicis impressa,

Cic. Mil. 27, 74; Flor. 1, 6, 3; cf.:

tabulae aereae, in quibus publicae constitutiones inciduntur,

Plin. 34, 9, 21, § 99:

XII. tabulae,

the Twelve Tables, Cic. Rep. 2, 31, 54; so of the tables of the laws:

decem tabulas conscripsisse,

id. ib. 2, 36, 61:

duabus tabulis additis,

id. ib. 2, 37, 63; id. de Or. 1, 43, 193; 1, 44, 195 al.; v. duodecim; cf.:

nequa tabula ullius decreti Caesaris aut beneficii figeretur,

id. Phil. 1, 1, 3:

tabula Sullae,

the list of proscribed persons, Juv. 2, 28; Mart. 5, 69, 2; Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 21; 9, 26.—

Of any formal or solemn writing:

in tabulas multis haec via fecit iter,

i. e. a will, testament, Ov. A. A. 2, 332; Plin. Ep. 2, 20, 11; Juv. 2, 58; 4, 19; 12, 123; 14, 55; Mart. 5, 39, 2:

Dicaearchi tabulae,

maps, Cic. Att. 6, 2, 3:

lapideae,

Vulg. Exod. 24, 12; id. 2 Cor. 3, 3. —

A painted tablet or panel, a painting, picture:

tabula picta,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 34; Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 36; Cic. Brut. 75, 261:

imago in tabulis,

id. Fin. 5, 1, 3; id. de Or. 1, 35, 161; id. Par. 5, 2, 37; Prop. 1, 2, 22; 2, 3, 41; Plin. 35, 9, 36, § 64. — Prov.: manum de tabulā, take your hand from the picture! enough! it is finished! sed heus tu, manum de tabulā, Cic. Fam. 7, 25, 1; cf.:

dixit (Apelles)... uno se praestare, quod manum de tabulā sciret tollere,

Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 80. —

A votive-tablet (on which a shipwreck was painted):

me tabula sacer Votiva paries indicat, etc.,

Hor. C. 1, 5, 13:

largire inopi, ne pictus oberret Caeruleā in tabulā,

Pers. 6, 32 (cf.:

mersā rate naufragus assem Dum rogat et pictā se tempestate tuetur,

Juv. 14, 301). —

A bed or plot of ground in a vineyard, Pall. Jan. 11; id. Febr. 10, 1; 9, 9; Auct. Limit. p. 311 Goes.—

A fold in a garment, Tert. Pall. 1 and 5.

vŏlūmen, ĭnis, n. [volvo; a thing that is rolled or wound up; hence],

A roll of writing, a roll, book, volume (the predom. signif. of the word; cf.:

codex, liber): volumen plenum querelae iniquissimae,

Cic. Fam. 3, 7, 2:

tuis oraculis Chrysippus totum volumen implevit,

id. Div. 2, 56, 115:

volumen explicare,

id. Rosc. Am. 35, 101:

caeleste Epicuri de regulā et judicio,

id. N. D. 1, 16, 43:

evolvere volumen,

id. Att. 9, 10, 4:

hic plura persequi magnitudo voluminis prohibet, Nep. praef. § 8: illa uberius volumine amplecti,

Plin. Ep. 3, 18, 1.— Plur.:

evolvere volumina,

Quint. 2, 15, 24: volumina apophthegmatôn, Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 4:

pontificum libros, annosa volumina vatum, etc.,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 26:

signata volumina,

id. ib. 1, 13, 2; Dig. 32, 1, 52.—

In partic., like liber, of a separate portion of a work, a part, book:

quoniam duobus superioribus (libris) de morte et de dolore dictum est, tertius dies disputationis hoc tertium volumen efficiet,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 3, 6:

sedecim volumina epistularum ad Atticum missarum,

Nep. Att. 16, 3; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 27; Plin. 6, 29, 34, § 171; Plin. Ep. 3, 5, 5; Col. 3, 21, 11; Ov. Tr. 3, 14, 19 al.—

A roll, whirl, wreath, fold, eddy, etc. (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

(anguis) sinuat immensa volumine terga,

Verg. A. 2, 208; cf. id. ib. 5, 85; 11, 753; Ov. M. 4, 599; 15, 721:

crurum (equi),

bendings, joints, Verg. G. 3, 192:

fumi,

wreath, whirl, Ov. M. 13, 601; Luc. 3, 505:

undae,

id. 5, 565:

siderum,

revolution, Ov. M. 2, 71.—

Trop., revolution, alteration, change:

sortis humanae volumina,

Plin. 7, 45, 46, § 147.