first-rate

* * *

assĭdŭus ( ads-, perh. only by confusion of 1. assiduus with 2. assiduus), i, m. [as-do; cf.

infra,

Gell. 16, 10, 15 ], a tributepayer; a name given by Servius Tullius to the citizens of the upper and more wealthy classes, in opp. to proletarii, citizens of the lowest classes, who benefit the state only by their progeny (proles).

A.. Lit.:

cum locupletes assiduos (Servius) appellāsset ab aere dando,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40.—So in the Twelve Tables:

adsiduo vindex adsiduus esto. Proletario jam civi, cui quis volet vindex esto,

Gell. 16, 10, 5; cf.

Dirks. Transl. 154 sq.: locuples enim est assiduus, ut ait L. Aelius, appellatus ab aere dando,

Cic. Top. 2, 10; Varr. ap. Non. p. 67, 25: quibus erant pecuniae satis locupletes, assiduos;

contrarios proletarios,

id. ib.:

assiduum ab aere dando,

Quint. 5, 10, 55:

adsiduus in Duodecim Tabulis pro locuplete dictus, ab assibus, id est aere dando,

Gell. 16, 10, 15: adsiduus dicitur, qui in eā re, quam frequenter agit, quasi consedisse videatur. Alii assiduum locupletem, quasi multorum assium dictum putārunt. Alii eum, qui sumptu proprio militabat, ab asse dando vocatum existimārunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 9 Müll.:

ditiores qui asses dabant, assidui dicti sunt,

Charis. p. 58 P.; cf. vindex ap. Cassiod. Orth. p. 2318 P.:

assiduus dicebatur apud antiquos, qui assibus ad aerarii expensam conferendis erat,

Isid. Orig. 10, 17; cf. Nieb. Röm. Gesch. 1, pp. 496-502.—

Meton., a rich person:

noctīsque diesque adsiduo satis superque est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 14.—

Trop., adject. of a first-rate, classical writer:

classicus adsiduusque aliquis scriptor, non proletarius,

Gell. 19, 8, 15 (cf. on the other hand:

Proletario sermone nunc quidem utere,

common talk, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 157).

assĭdŭus ( ads-, Ritschl, Lachm., Fleck., B. and K., Rib., Weissenb., Jahn; ass-, Merk., Halm, K. and H.), a, um, adj. [from assideo, as continuus from contineo, etc.]:

Itaque qui adest, adsiduus (est),

Varr. L. L. 7, § 99; but more correctly: adsiduus dicitur, qui in eā re, quam frequenter agit, quasi consedisse videatur, to have sat down to it, Paul. ex Fest. p. 9 Müll.; hence,

Constantly present somewhere, attending to, busy or occupied with something (cf. deses, idle, from desideo):

cum hic filius adsiduus in praediis esset,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 7; id. Att. 4, 8, b, §

3: fuit adsiduus mecum praetore me,

id. Cael. 4, 10; Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 6; Vulg. Eccli. 9, 4; 37, 15:

semper boni adsiduique domini (i. e. qui frequenter adest in praediis) referta cella vinariā, oleariā, etc.,

Cic. Sen. 16, 56:

suos liberos agricolas adsiduos esse cupiunt,

id. Rosc. Am. 16, 47:

flagitator,

id. Brut. 5, 18:

his potius tradam adsiduis uno opere eandem incudem diem noctemque tundentibus,

id. de Or. 2, 39, 162:

Elevat adsiduos copia longa viros,

Prop. 3, 31, 44:

campus, Assiduis pulsatus equis,

Ov. M. 6, 219:

adsiduus in oculis hominum fuerat,

Liv. 35, 10:

hostis, adsiduus magis quam gravis,

id. 2, 48:

canes adsiduiores,

Varr. R. R. 2, 9:

circa scholas adsiduus,

Suet. Tib. 11:

(patrimonia) majora fiunt Incude adsiduā semperque ardente camino,

by the busy anvil, Juv. 14, 118:

Retibus adsiduis penitus scrutante macello Proxima,

id. 5, 95:

Quem cavat adsiduis sudibus,

id. 6, 248:

in mandatis illius maxime adsiduus esto,

Vulg. Eccli. 6, 37; 12, 3.—So of the constant attendance of candidates for office, Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 9, 37 (cf. these passages in their connection).—Hence sarcastically of parasites:

urbani adsidui cives, quos scurras vocant,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 165.—

With the prominent idea of continuance in time, continual, unremitting, incessant, perpetual, constant (very freq. both in prose and poetry):

foro operam adsiduam dare,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 22: ludis adsiduas operas dare, [p. 180] Lucr. 4, 974:

pars terraï perusta solibus adsiduis,

id. 5, 252:

imbres,

id. 5, 341; Cic. Att. 13, 16:

motus,

Lucr. 1, 995, and 4, 392;

2, 97: repulsus,

id. 4, 106:

casus,

id. 5, 205:

frequentia,

Cic. Planc. 8 fin.; Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 9, 37: febricula, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21 fin.:

adsidua ac diligens scriptura,

Cic. Or. 1, 33, 150:

recordatio,

id. Fin. 1, 12, 41:

deorum adsidua insidens cura,

Liv. 1, 21:

deprecatio justi adsidua,

Vulg. Jac. 5, 16:

(portae) adsiduus custos,

Liv. 34, 9:

longa temporum quies et continuum populi otium et assidua senatūs tranquillitas, etc.,

Tac. Or. 38:

sterilitates,

Suet. Claud. 18:

quantum (nominis) Octavius abstulit udo Caedibus adsiduis gladio,

Juv. 8, 243:

barbarorum incursus,

Suet. Vesp. 8:

vasa aurea adsiduissimi usūs,

id. Aug. 71:

ignis,

Tib. 1, 1, 6:

aqua,

Prop. 2, 1, 68; 2, 19, 31; 3, 11, 56 al.:

libidines,

id. 2, 16, 14:

Hic ver adsiduum atque alienis mensibus aestas,

Verg. G. 2, 149:

nubes,

Ov. M. 1, 66:

gemitus,

id. ib. 2, 486 et saep.: Non feret assiduas potiori te dare noctes, * Hor. Epod. 15, 13.—Sometimes said with a degree of impatience, constant, everlasting, eternal:

lapsus Tectorum adsiduos,

Juv. 3, 8:

obvius adsiduo Syrophoenix udus amomo,

with his everlasting perfume, id. 8, 159 Jahn:

adsiduo ruptae lectore columnae,

id. 1, 13.—Hence adv., continually, constantly, without intermission.

Form as-sĭdŭō ( ads-):

operam dare alicui,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 37:

edere,

id. Mil. 1, 1, 50:

perpotare,

id. Most. 4, 2, 60:

esse cum aliquo,

id. Truc. 2, 4, 68:

quaerere aliquid,

Plin. 26, 3, 8, § 16:

adesse,

Dig. 40, 4, 44.—Far more freq.,

Form assĭdŭē ( ads-):

ubi sum adsidue, scio,

Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 20:

in ore indisciplinatorum adsidue erit,

Vulg. Eccli. 20, 26:

Adsidue veniebat,

Verg. E. 2, 4:

homines nobiles adsidue unā scribere,

Ter. Ad. prol. 16:

adsidue cantare,

Cic. Div. 1, 34, 74:

alia, quae suis locis dicentur adsidue,

Plin. 24, 1, 1, § 3:

Cum assidue minores parentibus liberi essent,

Quint. 6, 3, 67:

agere aliquid,

Ter. Heaut. prol. 29:

ut oculis adsidue videmus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 41, 104:

audire aliquid,

id. Mil. 34, 93: frequenter et adsidue consequi aliquid, Auct. ad Her. 4, 56, 69:

laudare aliquid,

Vulg. Eccli. 51, 15:

interrogari,

ib. ib. 23, 11:

litteris uti,

Cic. Fam. 5, 15:

convivari,

Suet. Aug. 74:

frequentare aedem,

id. ib. 91:

gestare aliquem ornatum,

id. Calig. 52:

DEFLERE ALIQVEM,

Inscr. Grut. 950, 8:

adsidue recens,

Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Comp not found.—

* Sup. assĭdŭissimē ( ads-):

Adsiduissime mecum fuit Dionysius,

Cic. Brut. 91, 316: salientes (aquae) adsiduissime interdiu et noctu, Sen. Cons. ap. Front. Aquaed. 2, p. 252; for the comparison of the adj. and adv. (as in arduus, exiguus, egregius, industrius, perpetuus, etc.), v. Rudd. I. p. 180, n. 58.

assĭdŭus ( ads-, perh. only by confusion of 1. assiduus with 2. assiduus), i, m. [as-do; cf.

infra,

Gell. 16, 10, 15 ], a tributepayer; a name given by Servius Tullius to the citizens of the upper and more wealthy classes, in opp. to proletarii, citizens of the lowest classes, who benefit the state only by their progeny (proles).

A.. Lit.:

cum locupletes assiduos (Servius) appellāsset ab aere dando,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40.—So in the Twelve Tables:

adsiduo vindex adsiduus esto. Proletario jam civi, cui quis volet vindex esto,

Gell. 16, 10, 5; cf.

Dirks. Transl. 154 sq.: locuples enim est assiduus, ut ait L. Aelius, appellatus ab aere dando,

Cic. Top. 2, 10; Varr. ap. Non. p. 67, 25: quibus erant pecuniae satis locupletes, assiduos;

contrarios proletarios,

id. ib.:

assiduum ab aere dando,

Quint. 5, 10, 55:

adsiduus in Duodecim Tabulis pro locuplete dictus, ab assibus, id est aere dando,

Gell. 16, 10, 15: adsiduus dicitur, qui in eā re, quam frequenter agit, quasi consedisse videatur. Alii assiduum locupletem, quasi multorum assium dictum putārunt. Alii eum, qui sumptu proprio militabat, ab asse dando vocatum existimārunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 9 Müll.:

ditiores qui asses dabant, assidui dicti sunt,

Charis. p. 58 P.; cf. vindex ap. Cassiod. Orth. p. 2318 P.:

assiduus dicebatur apud antiquos, qui assibus ad aerarii expensam conferendis erat,

Isid. Orig. 10, 17; cf. Nieb. Röm. Gesch. 1, pp. 496-502.—

Meton., a rich person:

noctīsque diesque adsiduo satis superque est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 14.—

Trop., adject. of a first-rate, classical writer:

classicus adsiduusque aliquis scriptor, non proletarius,

Gell. 19, 8, 15 (cf. on the other hand:

Proletario sermone nunc quidem utere,

common talk, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 157).

assĭdŭus ( ads-, Ritschl, Lachm., Fleck., B. and K., Rib., Weissenb., Jahn; ass-, Merk., Halm, K. and H.), a, um, adj. [from assideo, as continuus from contineo, etc.]:

Itaque qui adest, adsiduus (est),

Varr. L. L. 7, § 99; but more correctly: adsiduus dicitur, qui in eā re, quam frequenter agit, quasi consedisse videatur, to have sat down to it, Paul. ex Fest. p. 9 Müll.; hence,

Constantly present somewhere, attending to, busy or occupied with something (cf. deses, idle, from desideo):

cum hic filius adsiduus in praediis esset,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 7; id. Att. 4, 8, b, §

3: fuit adsiduus mecum praetore me,

id. Cael. 4, 10; Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 6; Vulg. Eccli. 9, 4; 37, 15:

semper boni adsiduique domini (i. e. qui frequenter adest in praediis) referta cella vinariā, oleariā, etc.,

Cic. Sen. 16, 56:

suos liberos agricolas adsiduos esse cupiunt,

id. Rosc. Am. 16, 47:

flagitator,

id. Brut. 5, 18:

his potius tradam adsiduis uno opere eandem incudem diem noctemque tundentibus,

id. de Or. 2, 39, 162:

Elevat adsiduos copia longa viros,

Prop. 3, 31, 44:

campus, Assiduis pulsatus equis,

Ov. M. 6, 219:

adsiduus in oculis hominum fuerat,

Liv. 35, 10:

hostis, adsiduus magis quam gravis,

id. 2, 48:

canes adsiduiores,

Varr. R. R. 2, 9:

circa scholas adsiduus,

Suet. Tib. 11:

(patrimonia) majora fiunt Incude adsiduā semperque ardente camino,

by the busy anvil, Juv. 14, 118:

Retibus adsiduis penitus scrutante macello Proxima,

id. 5, 95:

Quem cavat adsiduis sudibus,

id. 6, 248:

in mandatis illius maxime adsiduus esto,

Vulg. Eccli. 6, 37; 12, 3.—So of the constant attendance of candidates for office, Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 9, 37 (cf. these passages in their connection).—Hence sarcastically of parasites:

urbani adsidui cives, quos scurras vocant,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 165.—

With the prominent idea of continuance in time, continual, unremitting, incessant, perpetual, constant (very freq. both in prose and poetry):

foro operam adsiduam dare,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 22: ludis adsiduas operas dare, [p. 180] Lucr. 4, 974:

pars terraï perusta solibus adsiduis,

id. 5, 252:

imbres,

id. 5, 341; Cic. Att. 13, 16:

motus,

Lucr. 1, 995, and 4, 392;

2, 97: repulsus,

id. 4, 106:

casus,

id. 5, 205:

frequentia,

Cic. Planc. 8 fin.; Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 9, 37: febricula, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21 fin.:

adsidua ac diligens scriptura,

Cic. Or. 1, 33, 150:

recordatio,

id. Fin. 1, 12, 41:

deorum adsidua insidens cura,

Liv. 1, 21:

deprecatio justi adsidua,

Vulg. Jac. 5, 16:

(portae) adsiduus custos,

Liv. 34, 9:

longa temporum quies et continuum populi otium et assidua senatūs tranquillitas, etc.,

Tac. Or. 38:

sterilitates,

Suet. Claud. 18:

quantum (nominis) Octavius abstulit udo Caedibus adsiduis gladio,

Juv. 8, 243:

barbarorum incursus,

Suet. Vesp. 8:

vasa aurea adsiduissimi usūs,

id. Aug. 71:

ignis,

Tib. 1, 1, 6:

aqua,

Prop. 2, 1, 68; 2, 19, 31; 3, 11, 56 al.:

libidines,

id. 2, 16, 14:

Hic ver adsiduum atque alienis mensibus aestas,

Verg. G. 2, 149:

nubes,

Ov. M. 1, 66:

gemitus,

id. ib. 2, 486 et saep.: Non feret assiduas potiori te dare noctes, * Hor. Epod. 15, 13.—Sometimes said with a degree of impatience, constant, everlasting, eternal:

lapsus Tectorum adsiduos,

Juv. 3, 8:

obvius adsiduo Syrophoenix udus amomo,

with his everlasting perfume, id. 8, 159 Jahn:

adsiduo ruptae lectore columnae,

id. 1, 13.—Hence adv., continually, constantly, without intermission.

Form as-sĭdŭō ( ads-):

operam dare alicui,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 37:

edere,

id. Mil. 1, 1, 50:

perpotare,

id. Most. 4, 2, 60:

esse cum aliquo,

id. Truc. 2, 4, 68:

quaerere aliquid,

Plin. 26, 3, 8, § 16:

adesse,

Dig. 40, 4, 44.—Far more freq.,

Form assĭdŭē ( ads-):

ubi sum adsidue, scio,

Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 20:

in ore indisciplinatorum adsidue erit,

Vulg. Eccli. 20, 26:

Adsidue veniebat,

Verg. E. 2, 4:

homines nobiles adsidue unā scribere,

Ter. Ad. prol. 16:

adsidue cantare,

Cic. Div. 1, 34, 74:

alia, quae suis locis dicentur adsidue,

Plin. 24, 1, 1, § 3:

Cum assidue minores parentibus liberi essent,

Quint. 6, 3, 67:

agere aliquid,

Ter. Heaut. prol. 29:

ut oculis adsidue videmus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 41, 104:

audire aliquid,

id. Mil. 34, 93: frequenter et adsidue consequi aliquid, Auct. ad Her. 4, 56, 69:

laudare aliquid,

Vulg. Eccli. 51, 15:

interrogari,

ib. ib. 23, 11:

litteris uti,

Cic. Fam. 5, 15:

convivari,

Suet. Aug. 74:

frequentare aedem,

id. ib. 91:

gestare aliquem ornatum,

id. Calig. 52:

DEFLERE ALIQVEM,

Inscr. Grut. 950, 8:

adsidue recens,

Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Comp not found.—

* Sup. assĭdŭissimē ( ads-):

Adsiduissime mecum fuit Dionysius,

Cic. Brut. 91, 316: salientes (aquae) adsiduissime interdiu et noctu, Sen. Cons. ap. Front. Aquaed. 2, p. 252; for the comparison of the adj. and adv. (as in arduus, exiguus, egregius, industrius, perpetuus, etc.), v. Rudd. I. p. 180, n. 58.

assĭdŭus ( ads-, perh. only by confusion of 1. assiduus with 2. assiduus), i, m. [as-do; cf.

infra,

Gell. 16, 10, 15 ], a tributepayer; a name given by Servius Tullius to the citizens of the upper and more wealthy classes, in opp. to proletarii, citizens of the lowest classes, who benefit the state only by their progeny (proles).

A.. Lit.:

cum locupletes assiduos (Servius) appellāsset ab aere dando,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40.—So in the Twelve Tables:

adsiduo vindex adsiduus esto. Proletario jam civi, cui quis volet vindex esto,

Gell. 16, 10, 5; cf.

Dirks. Transl. 154 sq.: locuples enim est assiduus, ut ait L. Aelius, appellatus ab aere dando,

Cic. Top. 2, 10; Varr. ap. Non. p. 67, 25: quibus erant pecuniae satis locupletes, assiduos;

contrarios proletarios,

id. ib.:

assiduum ab aere dando,

Quint. 5, 10, 55:

adsiduus in Duodecim Tabulis pro locuplete dictus, ab assibus, id est aere dando,

Gell. 16, 10, 15: adsiduus dicitur, qui in eā re, quam frequenter agit, quasi consedisse videatur. Alii assiduum locupletem, quasi multorum assium dictum putārunt. Alii eum, qui sumptu proprio militabat, ab asse dando vocatum existimārunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 9 Müll.:

ditiores qui asses dabant, assidui dicti sunt,

Charis. p. 58 P.; cf. vindex ap. Cassiod. Orth. p. 2318 P.:

assiduus dicebatur apud antiquos, qui assibus ad aerarii expensam conferendis erat,

Isid. Orig. 10, 17; cf. Nieb. Röm. Gesch. 1, pp. 496-502.—

Meton., a rich person:

noctīsque diesque adsiduo satis superque est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 14.—

Trop., adject. of a first-rate, classical writer:

classicus adsiduusque aliquis scriptor, non proletarius,

Gell. 19, 8, 15 (cf. on the other hand:

Proletario sermone nunc quidem utere,

common talk, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 157).

assĭdŭus ( ads-, Ritschl, Lachm., Fleck., B. and K., Rib., Weissenb., Jahn; ass-, Merk., Halm, K. and H.), a, um, adj. [from assideo, as continuus from contineo, etc.]:

Itaque qui adest, adsiduus (est),

Varr. L. L. 7, § 99; but more correctly: adsiduus dicitur, qui in eā re, quam frequenter agit, quasi consedisse videatur, to have sat down to it, Paul. ex Fest. p. 9 Müll.; hence,

Constantly present somewhere, attending to, busy or occupied with something (cf. deses, idle, from desideo):

cum hic filius adsiduus in praediis esset,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 7; id. Att. 4, 8, b, §

3: fuit adsiduus mecum praetore me,

id. Cael. 4, 10; Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 6; Vulg. Eccli. 9, 4; 37, 15:

semper boni adsiduique domini (i. e. qui frequenter adest in praediis) referta cella vinariā, oleariā, etc.,

Cic. Sen. 16, 56:

suos liberos agricolas adsiduos esse cupiunt,

id. Rosc. Am. 16, 47:

flagitator,

id. Brut. 5, 18:

his potius tradam adsiduis uno opere eandem incudem diem noctemque tundentibus,

id. de Or. 2, 39, 162:

Elevat adsiduos copia longa viros,

Prop. 3, 31, 44:

campus, Assiduis pulsatus equis,

Ov. M. 6, 219:

adsiduus in oculis hominum fuerat,

Liv. 35, 10:

hostis, adsiduus magis quam gravis,

id. 2, 48:

canes adsiduiores,

Varr. R. R. 2, 9:

circa scholas adsiduus,

Suet. Tib. 11:

(patrimonia) majora fiunt Incude adsiduā semperque ardente camino,

by the busy anvil, Juv. 14, 118:

Retibus adsiduis penitus scrutante macello Proxima,

id. 5, 95:

Quem cavat adsiduis sudibus,

id. 6, 248:

in mandatis illius maxime adsiduus esto,

Vulg. Eccli. 6, 37; 12, 3.—So of the constant attendance of candidates for office, Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 9, 37 (cf. these passages in their connection).—Hence sarcastically of parasites:

urbani adsidui cives, quos scurras vocant,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 165.—

With the prominent idea of continuance in time, continual, unremitting, incessant, perpetual, constant (very freq. both in prose and poetry):

foro operam adsiduam dare,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 22: ludis adsiduas operas dare, [p. 180] Lucr. 4, 974:

pars terraï perusta solibus adsiduis,

id. 5, 252:

imbres,

id. 5, 341; Cic. Att. 13, 16:

motus,

Lucr. 1, 995, and 4, 392;

2, 97: repulsus,

id. 4, 106:

casus,

id. 5, 205:

frequentia,

Cic. Planc. 8 fin.; Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 9, 37: febricula, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21 fin.:

adsidua ac diligens scriptura,

Cic. Or. 1, 33, 150:

recordatio,

id. Fin. 1, 12, 41:

deorum adsidua insidens cura,

Liv. 1, 21:

deprecatio justi adsidua,

Vulg. Jac. 5, 16:

(portae) adsiduus custos,

Liv. 34, 9:

longa temporum quies et continuum populi otium et assidua senatūs tranquillitas, etc.,

Tac. Or. 38:

sterilitates,

Suet. Claud. 18:

quantum (nominis) Octavius abstulit udo Caedibus adsiduis gladio,

Juv. 8, 243:

barbarorum incursus,

Suet. Vesp. 8:

vasa aurea adsiduissimi usūs,

id. Aug. 71:

ignis,

Tib. 1, 1, 6:

aqua,

Prop. 2, 1, 68; 2, 19, 31; 3, 11, 56 al.:

libidines,

id. 2, 16, 14:

Hic ver adsiduum atque alienis mensibus aestas,

Verg. G. 2, 149:

nubes,

Ov. M. 1, 66:

gemitus,

id. ib. 2, 486 et saep.: Non feret assiduas potiori te dare noctes, * Hor. Epod. 15, 13.—Sometimes said with a degree of impatience, constant, everlasting, eternal:

lapsus Tectorum adsiduos,

Juv. 3, 8:

obvius adsiduo Syrophoenix udus amomo,

with his everlasting perfume, id. 8, 159 Jahn:

adsiduo ruptae lectore columnae,

id. 1, 13.—Hence adv., continually, constantly, without intermission.

Form as-sĭdŭō ( ads-):

operam dare alicui,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 37:

edere,

id. Mil. 1, 1, 50:

perpotare,

id. Most. 4, 2, 60:

esse cum aliquo,

id. Truc. 2, 4, 68:

quaerere aliquid,

Plin. 26, 3, 8, § 16:

adesse,

Dig. 40, 4, 44.—Far more freq.,

Form assĭdŭē ( ads-):

ubi sum adsidue, scio,

Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 20:

in ore indisciplinatorum adsidue erit,

Vulg. Eccli. 20, 26:

Adsidue veniebat,

Verg. E. 2, 4:

homines nobiles adsidue unā scribere,

Ter. Ad. prol. 16:

adsidue cantare,

Cic. Div. 1, 34, 74:

alia, quae suis locis dicentur adsidue,

Plin. 24, 1, 1, § 3:

Cum assidue minores parentibus liberi essent,

Quint. 6, 3, 67:

agere aliquid,

Ter. Heaut. prol. 29:

ut oculis adsidue videmus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 41, 104:

audire aliquid,

id. Mil. 34, 93: frequenter et adsidue consequi aliquid, Auct. ad Her. 4, 56, 69:

laudare aliquid,

Vulg. Eccli. 51, 15:

interrogari,

ib. ib. 23, 11:

litteris uti,

Cic. Fam. 5, 15:

convivari,

Suet. Aug. 74:

frequentare aedem,

id. ib. 91:

gestare aliquem ornatum,

id. Calig. 52:

DEFLERE ALIQVEM,

Inscr. Grut. 950, 8:

adsidue recens,

Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Comp not found.—

* Sup. assĭdŭissimē ( ads-):

Adsiduissime mecum fuit Dionysius,

Cic. Brut. 91, 316: salientes (aquae) adsiduissime interdiu et noctu, Sen. Cons. ap. Front. Aquaed. 2, p. 252; for the comparison of the adj. and adv. (as in arduus, exiguus, egregius, industrius, perpetuus, etc.), v. Rudd. I. p. 180, n. 58.

assĭdŭus ( ads-, perh. only by confusion of 1. assiduus with 2. assiduus), i, m. [as-do; cf.

infra,

Gell. 16, 10, 15 ], a tributepayer; a name given by Servius Tullius to the citizens of the upper and more wealthy classes, in opp. to proletarii, citizens of the lowest classes, who benefit the state only by their progeny (proles).

A.. Lit.:

cum locupletes assiduos (Servius) appellāsset ab aere dando,

Cic. Rep. 2, 22, 40.—So in the Twelve Tables:

adsiduo vindex adsiduus esto. Proletario jam civi, cui quis volet vindex esto,

Gell. 16, 10, 5; cf.

Dirks. Transl. 154 sq.: locuples enim est assiduus, ut ait L. Aelius, appellatus ab aere dando,

Cic. Top. 2, 10; Varr. ap. Non. p. 67, 25: quibus erant pecuniae satis locupletes, assiduos;

contrarios proletarios,

id. ib.:

assiduum ab aere dando,

Quint. 5, 10, 55:

adsiduus in Duodecim Tabulis pro locuplete dictus, ab assibus, id est aere dando,

Gell. 16, 10, 15: adsiduus dicitur, qui in eā re, quam frequenter agit, quasi consedisse videatur. Alii assiduum locupletem, quasi multorum assium dictum putārunt. Alii eum, qui sumptu proprio militabat, ab asse dando vocatum existimārunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 9 Müll.:

ditiores qui asses dabant, assidui dicti sunt,

Charis. p. 58 P.; cf. vindex ap. Cassiod. Orth. p. 2318 P.:

assiduus dicebatur apud antiquos, qui assibus ad aerarii expensam conferendis erat,

Isid. Orig. 10, 17; cf. Nieb. Röm. Gesch. 1, pp. 496-502.—

Meton., a rich person:

noctīsque diesque adsiduo satis superque est,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 14.—

Trop., adject. of a first-rate, classical writer:

classicus adsiduusque aliquis scriptor, non proletarius,

Gell. 19, 8, 15 (cf. on the other hand:

Proletario sermone nunc quidem utere,

common talk, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 157).

assĭdŭus ( ads-, Ritschl, Lachm., Fleck., B. and K., Rib., Weissenb., Jahn; ass-, Merk., Halm, K. and H.), a, um, adj. [from assideo, as continuus from contineo, etc.]:

Itaque qui adest, adsiduus (est),

Varr. L. L. 7, § 99; but more correctly: adsiduus dicitur, qui in eā re, quam frequenter agit, quasi consedisse videatur, to have sat down to it, Paul. ex Fest. p. 9 Müll.; hence,

Constantly present somewhere, attending to, busy or occupied with something (cf. deses, idle, from desideo):

cum hic filius adsiduus in praediis esset,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 7; id. Att. 4, 8, b, §

3: fuit adsiduus mecum praetore me,

id. Cael. 4, 10; Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 6; Vulg. Eccli. 9, 4; 37, 15:

semper boni adsiduique domini (i. e. qui frequenter adest in praediis) referta cella vinariā, oleariā, etc.,

Cic. Sen. 16, 56:

suos liberos agricolas adsiduos esse cupiunt,

id. Rosc. Am. 16, 47:

flagitator,

id. Brut. 5, 18:

his potius tradam adsiduis uno opere eandem incudem diem noctemque tundentibus,

id. de Or. 2, 39, 162:

Elevat adsiduos copia longa viros,

Prop. 3, 31, 44:

campus, Assiduis pulsatus equis,

Ov. M. 6, 219:

adsiduus in oculis hominum fuerat,

Liv. 35, 10:

hostis, adsiduus magis quam gravis,

id. 2, 48:

canes adsiduiores,

Varr. R. R. 2, 9:

circa scholas adsiduus,

Suet. Tib. 11:

(patrimonia) majora fiunt Incude adsiduā semperque ardente camino,

by the busy anvil, Juv. 14, 118:

Retibus adsiduis penitus scrutante macello Proxima,

id. 5, 95:

Quem cavat adsiduis sudibus,

id. 6, 248:

in mandatis illius maxime adsiduus esto,

Vulg. Eccli. 6, 37; 12, 3.—So of the constant attendance of candidates for office, Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 9, 37 (cf. these passages in their connection).—Hence sarcastically of parasites:

urbani adsidui cives, quos scurras vocant,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 165.—

With the prominent idea of continuance in time, continual, unremitting, incessant, perpetual, constant (very freq. both in prose and poetry):

foro operam adsiduam dare,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 22: ludis adsiduas operas dare, [p. 180] Lucr. 4, 974:

pars terraï perusta solibus adsiduis,

id. 5, 252:

imbres,

id. 5, 341; Cic. Att. 13, 16:

motus,

Lucr. 1, 995, and 4, 392;

2, 97: repulsus,

id. 4, 106:

casus,

id. 5, 205:

frequentia,

Cic. Planc. 8 fin.; Q. Cic. Petit. Cons. 9, 37: febricula, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21 fin.:

adsidua ac diligens scriptura,

Cic. Or. 1, 33, 150:

recordatio,

id. Fin. 1, 12, 41:

deorum adsidua insidens cura,

Liv. 1, 21:

deprecatio justi adsidua,

Vulg. Jac. 5, 16:

(portae) adsiduus custos,

Liv. 34, 9:

longa temporum quies et continuum populi otium et assidua senatūs tranquillitas, etc.,

Tac. Or. 38:

sterilitates,

Suet. Claud. 18:

quantum (nominis) Octavius abstulit udo Caedibus adsiduis gladio,

Juv. 8, 243:

barbarorum incursus,

Suet. Vesp. 8:

vasa aurea adsiduissimi usūs,

id. Aug. 71:

ignis,

Tib. 1, 1, 6:

aqua,

Prop. 2, 1, 68; 2, 19, 31; 3, 11, 56 al.:

libidines,

id. 2, 16, 14:

Hic ver adsiduum atque alienis mensibus aestas,

Verg. G. 2, 149:

nubes,

Ov. M. 1, 66:

gemitus,

id. ib. 2, 486 et saep.: Non feret assiduas potiori te dare noctes, * Hor. Epod. 15, 13.—Sometimes said with a degree of impatience, constant, everlasting, eternal:

lapsus Tectorum adsiduos,

Juv. 3, 8:

obvius adsiduo Syrophoenix udus amomo,

with his everlasting perfume, id. 8, 159 Jahn:

adsiduo ruptae lectore columnae,

id. 1, 13.—Hence adv., continually, constantly, without intermission.

Form as-sĭdŭō ( ads-):

operam dare alicui,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 3, 37:

edere,

id. Mil. 1, 1, 50:

perpotare,

id. Most. 4, 2, 60:

esse cum aliquo,

id. Truc. 2, 4, 68:

quaerere aliquid,

Plin. 26, 3, 8, § 16:

adesse,

Dig. 40, 4, 44.—Far more freq.,

Form assĭdŭē ( ads-):

ubi sum adsidue, scio,

Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 20:

in ore indisciplinatorum adsidue erit,

Vulg. Eccli. 20, 26:

Adsidue veniebat,

Verg. E. 2, 4:

homines nobiles adsidue unā scribere,

Ter. Ad. prol. 16:

adsidue cantare,

Cic. Div. 1, 34, 74:

alia, quae suis locis dicentur adsidue,

Plin. 24, 1, 1, § 3:

Cum assidue minores parentibus liberi essent,

Quint. 6, 3, 67:

agere aliquid,

Ter. Heaut. prol. 29:

ut oculis adsidue videmus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 41, 104:

audire aliquid,

id. Mil. 34, 93: frequenter et adsidue consequi aliquid, Auct. ad Her. 4, 56, 69:

laudare aliquid,

Vulg. Eccli. 51, 15:

interrogari,

ib. ib. 23, 11:

litteris uti,

Cic. Fam. 5, 15:

convivari,

Suet. Aug. 74:

frequentare aedem,

id. ib. 91:

gestare aliquem ornatum,

id. Calig. 52:

DEFLERE ALIQVEM,

Inscr. Grut. 950, 8:

adsidue recens,

Plin. 11, 53, 115, § 277.— Comp not found.—

* Sup. assĭdŭissimē ( ads-):

Adsiduissime mecum fuit Dionysius,

Cic. Brut. 91, 316: salientes (aquae) adsiduissime interdiu et noctu, Sen. Cons. ap. Front. Aquaed. 2, p. 252; for the comparison of the adj. and adv. (as in arduus, exiguus, egregius, industrius, perpetuus, etc.), v. Rudd. I. p. 180, n. 58.

per-vĕnĭo, vēni, ventum, 4 (old fut. pervenibunt, Pompon. ap. Non. 508, 6; pres. subj. pervenat, Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 12; inf. pres. pass. pervenirier, Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 35), v. n., to come to, arrive at, reach a place.

Lit.:

quotumo die Sicuone huc pervenisti,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 78:

Germani in fines Eburonum pervenerunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 6:

ad portam,

Cic. Pis. 25, 61:

in summum montis,

Ov. M. 13, 909:

in portum,

Quint. 2, 17, 24.—

Transf., of things, to reach, become known to, come to, fall to, etc.:

si ad erum haec res pervenerit,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 50:

si lupinum ad siliquas non pervenit,

does not come to pods, does not form pods, Varr. R. R. 1, 23:

duodecim secures in praedonum potestatem pervenerunt,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 32:

ut omnis hereditas ad filiam perveniret,

id. Fin. 2, 17, 55:

serrula ad Stratonem pervenit,

id. Clu. 64, 180:

annona ad denarios L in singulos modios pervenerat,

had risen to, Caes. B. C. 1, 52:

pervenit res ad istius aures,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 28, § 64; for which poet. with simple acc.:

verba aures non pervenientia nostras,

Ov. M. 3, 462.— Impers. pass.:

postquam est in thalami tecta Perventum,

Verg. G. 4, 375; id. A. 2, 634.—

Trop., to come to, arrive at; to reach, attain to any thing: sine me pervenire, quo [p. 1361] volo (in my story), Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 44:

calamitas colonum ad fructus pervenire non patitur,

Varr. R. R. 1, 4:

in maximam invidiam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 18, § 45: in senatum, to get into the Senate, i. e. to become a senator, id. Fl. 18, 43:

ad primos comoedos,

to become a first-rate comedian, id. Rosc. Com. 11, 30:

si in tua scripta pervenero,

to be mentioned in your writings, id. Fam. 5, 12, 7:

ad id, quod cupiebat,

id. Off. 1, 31, 113 (dub.;

al. venire): ad magnam partem laudis,

Caes. B. C. 1, 26:

deditio, ex quā ad Jugurtham scelerum impunitas, in rem publicam damna atque dedecora pervenerint,

Sall. J. 31, 19:

in odium alicujus,

Nep. Lys. 1, 3:

in amicitiam alicujus,

id. Alc. 5, 3:

ex tot procellis civilibus ad incolumitatem,

id. Att. 10, 6:

ad desperationem,

Caes. B. C. 2, 42:

in magnum timorem. ne, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 61:

ad septuagesimum regni annum pervenit,

Cic. Div. 1, 23, 46; Nep. Phoc. 2, 1.— Pass. impers.:

pervenirier Eo quo nos volumus,

attain our object, Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 35:

quin erat dicturus, ad quem propter diei brevitatem perventum non est,

his turn was not reached, Cic. Att. 1, 17, 9:

ad manus pervenitur,

id. Sest. 36, 77.

pēs, pĕdis, m. [kindr. with Sanscr. pād, foot, from root pad, ire; Gr. pod-, pous; Goth. fōt; old Germ. vuoz; Engl. foot], a foot of man or beast.

Lit.:

si pes condoluit,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 22, 52:

calcei apti ad pedem,

id. de Or. 1, 54, 231:

nec manus, nec pedes, nec alia membra,

id. Univ. 6:

pede tellurem pulsare,

i. e. to dance, Hor. C. 1, 37, 1; cf.:

alterno pede terram quatere,

id. ib. 1, 4, 7;

4, 1, 27: pedis aptissima forma,

Ov. Am. 3, 3, 7:

aves omnes in pedes nascuntur,

are born feet first, Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149:

cycnum pedibus Jovis armiger uncis Sustulit,

Verg. A. 9, 564; cf. id. ib. 11, 723: pedem ferre, to go or come, id. G. 1, 11:

si in fundo pedem posuisses,

set foot, Cic. Caecin. 11, 31: pedem efferre, to step or go out, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 19:

qui pedem portā non extulit,

Cic. Att. 8, 2, 4; 6, 8, 5:

pedem portā non plus extulit quam domo suā,

id. ib. 8, 2, 4: pedem limine efferre, id. Cael. 14, 34: pedem referre, revocare, retrahere, to go or come back, to return:

profugum referre pedem,

Ov. H. 15, 186; id. M. 2, 439.—Said even of streams:

revocatque pedem Tiberinus ab alto,

Verg. A. 9, 125:

retrahitque pedes simul unda relabens,

id. ib. 10, 307; cf. infra, II. H.: pedibus, on foot, afoot:

cum ingressus iter pedibus sit,

Cic. Sen. 10, 34; Suet. Aug. 53.—

Esp. in phrase: pedibus ire, venire, etc.: pedibus proficisci,

Liv. 26, 19:

pedibus iter conficere,

id. 44, 5:

quod flumen uno omnino loco pedibus transire potest,

Caes. B. G. 5, 18:

(Caesar) pedibus Narbonem pervenit,

id. B. C. 2, 21:

ut neque pedibus aditum haberent,

id. B. G. 3, 12 init. —Rarely pede ire ( poet. and late Lat.):

quo bene coepisti, sic pede semper eas,

Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 66:

Jordanem transmiserunt pede,

Ambros. in Psa. 118, 165, n. 16.— Trop.:

Bacchus flueret pede suo,

i. e. wine unmixed with water, Auct. Aetn. 13; cf.:

musta sub adducto si pede nulla fluant,

Ov. P. 2, 9, 32, and II. H. infra.—Pregn., by land:

cum illud iter Hispaniense pedibus fere confici soleat: aut si quis navigare velit, etc.,

Cic. Vatin. 5, 12:

seu pedibus Parthos sequimur, seu classe Britannos,

Prop. 2, 20, 63 (3, 23, 5):

ego me in pedes (conicio),

take to my heels, make off, Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 5.— Esp.: ad pedes alicui or alicujus, accidere, procidere, jacere, se abicere, se proicere, procumbere, etc., to approach as a suppliant, to fall at one's feet:

ad pedes omnium singillatim accidente Clodio,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

abjectā togā se ad generi pedes abiecit,

id. ib. 4, 2, 4:

rex procidit ad pedes Achillei,

Hor. Epod. 17, 14:

vos ad pedes lenonis proiecistis,

Cic. Sest. 11, 26:

filius se ad pedes meos prosternens,

id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:

tibi sum supplex, Nec moror ante tuos procubuisse pedes,

Ov. H. 12, 186:

cui cum se moesta turba ad pedes provolvisset,

Liv. 6, 3, 4:

ad pedes Caesaris provoluta regina,

Flor. 4, 11, 9:

(mater una) mihi ad pedes misera jacuit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 129; cf.:

amplecti pedes potui,

Ov. M. 9, 605:

complector, regina, pedes,

Luc. 10, 89:

servus a pedibus,

a footman, lackey, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1: sub pedibus, under one's feet, i. e. in one's power, Verg. A. 7, 100; Liv. 34, 32: sub pedibus esse or jacere, to be or lie under one's feet, i. e. to be disregarded ( poet.):

sors ubi pessima rerum, Sub pedibus timor est,

Ov. M. 14, 490:

amicitiae nomen Re tibi pro vili sub pedibusque jacet,

id. Tr. 1, 8, 16: pedem opponere, to put one's foot against, i. e. to withstand, resist, oppose ( poet.), id. P. 4, 6, 8: pedem trahere, to drag one's foot, i. e. to halt, limp; said of scazontic verse, id. R. Am. 378: trahantur haec pedibus, may be dragged by the heels, i. e. may go to the dogs (class.):

fratrem mecum et te si habebo, per me ista pedibus trahantur,

Cic. Att. 4, 16, 10; id. Fam. 7, 32, 2: ante pedes esse or ante pedes posita esse, to lie before one's feet, i. e. before one's eyes, to be evident, palpable, glaring:

istuc est sapere, non quod ante pedes modo est, Videre, sed etiam illa, quae futura sunt, Prospicere,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 32:

transilire ante pedes posita, et alia longe repetita sumere,

Cic. de Or. 3, 40, 160:

omni pede stare,

i. e. to use every effort, make every exertion, Quint. 12, 9, 18: nec caput nec pes, neither head nor foot, beginning nor end, no part:

nec caput nec pes sermonum apparet,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139:

garriet quoi neque pes neque caput conpareat,

id. Capt. 3, 4, 81: tuas res ita contractas, ut, quemadmodum scribis, nec caput nec pedes, Curio ap. Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2:

ut nec pes nec caput uni Reddatur formae,

Hor. A. P. 8:

dixit Cato, eam legationem nec caput, nec pedes, nec cor habere,

Liv. Epit. 50: pes felix, secundus, i. e. a happy or fortunate arrival:

adi pede secundo,

Verg. A. 8, 302:

felix,

Ov. F. 1, 514; cf.:

boni pedis homo, id est cujus adventus afferat aliquid felicitatis,

Aug. Ep. ad Max. Gram. 44.—So esp. pes dexter, because it was of good omen to move the right foot first;

temples had an uneven number of steps, that the same foot might touch the first step and first enter the temple,

Vitr. 3, 3; cf. Petr. 30:

quove pede ingressi?

Prop. 3 (4), 1, 6.—So the left foot was associated with bad omens; cf. Suet. Aug. 92 init.:

pessimo pede domum nostram accessit,

App. M. 6, 26, p. 184, 1; hence, dextro pede, auspiciously: quid tam dextro [p. 1363] pede concipis, etc., Juv. 10, 5: pedibus pecunia compensatur, said proverbially of distant lands purchased at a cheap rate, but which it costs a great deal to reach, Cato ap. Cic. Fl. 29, 72: a pedibus usque ad caput, from head to foot, all over (late Lat.; cf.:

ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20), Aug. in Psa. 55, 20; 90, 1, 2 et saep.; cf.:

a vestigio pedis usque ad verticem,

Ambros. Offic. Min. 2, 22, 114.—

In partic.

Milit. t. t.: descendere ad pedes, to alight, dismount, of cavalry, Liv. 9, 22:

pedibus merere,

to serve on foot, as a foot-soldier, id. 24, 18:

ad pedes pugna ierat,

they fought on foot, id. 21, 46: pedem conferre, to come to close quarters:

collato pede rem gerere,

id. 26, 39; Cic. Planc. 19, 48.—

Publicist's t. t.: pedibus ire in sententiam alicujus, to adopt one's opinion, take sides with one:

cum omnes in sententiam ejus pedibus irent,

Liv. 9, 8, 13; 5, 9, 2.—

In mal. part.:

pedem or pedes tollere, extollere (ad concubitum),

Mart. 10, 81, 4; 11, 71, 8;

hence the lusus verbb. with pedem dare and tollere,

Cic. Att. 2, 1, 5. —

Transf.

A foot of a table, stool, bench, etc., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 46:

mensae sed erat pes tertius impar,

Ov. M. 8, 661; cf.:

pedem et nostrum dicimus, et lecti, et veli, ut carminis (v. in the foll.),

Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 2:

tricliniorum,

Plin. 34, 2, 4, § 9:

subsellii,

Auct. Her. 4, 55, 68:

pes argenteus (mensae),

Juv. 11, 128.—

Pes veli, a rope attached to a sail for the purpose of setting it to the wind, a sheet:

sive utrumque Juppiter Simul secundus incidisset in pedem,

Cat. 4, 19:

pede labitur aequo,

i. e. before the wind, with the wind right aft, Ov. F. 3, 565:

pedibus aequis,

Cic. Att. 16, 6 init.; cf. also the passage quoted above from Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 2; and:

prolato pede, transversos captare Notos,

id. Med. 322.— Hence, facere pedem, to veer out one sheet, to take advantage of a side wind, to haul the wind: una omnes fecere pedem;

pariterque sinistros, Nunc dextros solvere sinus,

Verg. A. 5, 830:

prolatis pedibus,

Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.—

The foot of a mountain (post-class.):

Orontes imos pedes Casii montis praetermeans,

Amm. 14, 8, 10 al. —

Ground, soil, territory (post-class.):

in Caesariensis pede,

Sol. 3, 2:

omnis Africa Zeugitano pede incipit,

id. 27, 1; cf.:

quamvis angustum pedem dispositio fecit habitabilem,

Sen. Tranq. An. 10, 4.—

The stalk or pedicle of a fruit, esp. of the grape, together with the husk:

vinaceorum pes proruitur,

Col. 12, 43; so id. 12, 36.—Of the olive, Plin. 15, 1, 2, § 5: pes milvinus or milvi, the stalk or stem of the plant batis, Col. 12, 7.—Hence, as a name for several plants: pedes gallinacei, a plant:

Capnos trunca, quam pedes gallinaceos vocant,

Plin. 25, 13, 98, § 155:

pedes betacei,

beetroots, Varr. R. R. 1, 27.—

Pedes navales, rowers, sailors, Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 75.—

The barrow of a litter, Cat. 10, 22.—

Poet., of fountains and rivers: inde super terras fluit agmine dulci, Quā via secta semel liquido pede detulit undas, Lucr, 5, 272;

6, 638: crepante lympha desilit pede,

Hor. Epod. 16, 47:

liquido pede labitur unda,

Verg. Cul. 17:

lento pede sulcat harenas Bagrada,

Sil. 6, 140.—

A metrical foot:

ad heroum nos dactyli et anapaesti et spondei pedem invitas,

Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 82:

pedibus claudere verba,

to make verses, Hor. S. 2, 1, 28:

musa per undenos emodulanda pedes,

in hexameters and pentameters, Ov. Am. 1, 1, 30:

inque suos volui cogere verba pedes,

id. Tr. 5, 12, 34.—

A kind of verse, measure:

et pede, quo debent fortia bella geri,

Ov. Ib. 646:

Lesbius,

Hor. C. 4, 6, 35.—

In music, time (postAug.), Plin. 29, 1, 5, § 6.—

A foot, as a measure of length (class.):

ne iste hercle ab istā non pedem discedat,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 13:

ab aliquo pedem discessisse,

Cic. Deiot. 15, 42:

pedem e villā adhuc egressi non sumus,

id. Att. 13, 16, 1:

pes justus,

Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 317.—Hence, transf.: pede suo se metiri, to measure one's self by one's own foot-rule, i. e. by one's own powers or abilities, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 98.—

Pedes, lice; v. pedis.—

The leg (late Lat.), in phrase: pedem frangere, Aug. Civ. Dei, 22, 22, 3; id. Serm. 273, 7.

occŭpo, āvi, ātum, 1 (occupassis for occupaveris, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 48:

occupassit for occupaverit,

id. As. 4, 2, 9), v. a. [obcapio; lit., to lay hold of; hence], to take possession of, seize, occupy any thing (esp. a place; class.; cf.: expugno, obsideo).

Lit.:

totam Italiam suis praesidiis obsidere atque occupare cogitat,

Cic. Agr. 2, 28, 75:

locum,

id. Fin. 3, 20, 67:

possessiones,

id. Phil. 13, 5, 12:

urbes,

Liv. 33, 31:

montem,

Tac. A. 4, 47:

portum,

Hor. C. 1, 14, 2:

aditum,

to go in, enter, Verg. A. 6, 424:

regnum,

Cic. Lael. 12, 40:

tyrannidem,

id. Off. 3, 23, 90:

familiam optimam occupavit,

has got hold of, has got into, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 11:

occupando adquirere aliquid,

Gai. Inst. 2, 66 sqq.; cf. id. ib. 2, 215:

vindemia occupabit sementem,

shall reach to, Vulg. Lev. 26, 5.— Poet.:

aliquem amplexu,

to clasp in one's arms, to embrace, Ov. F. 3, 509.—

Transf.

To occupy, i. e. to take up, fill with any thing:

atrā nube polum,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 44:

urbem (sc. aedificiis),

Liv. 5, 55:

caementis Tyrrhenum mare,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 3.—

To fall upon, attack one with any thing (syn. invado):

Latagum saxo... Occupat os faciemque adversam,

Verg. A. 10, 699:

aliquem gladio,

id. ib. 9, 770:

aliquem morsu,

Ov. M. 3, 48:

canes ense,

Prop. 4, 4, 82 (5, 4, 84):

ne occupet te pluvia,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 18. 44: caligo, id. Job, 3, 5.— Poet., in a friendly sense, to surprise:

Volteium Philippus Vilia vendentem Occupat,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 64.—

To get the start of, to be beforehand with, to anticipate, to do a thing first, to outstrip:

occupat egressas quamlibet ante rates,

Ov. Tr. 1, 10, 6:

volo, tu prior ut occupes adire,

that you should present yourself the first, Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 15:

praeloqui,

id. Rud. 1, 4, 18:

bellum facere,

to begin the war first, Liv. 1, 14:

rapere oscula,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 28.—

Trop.

To seize, take possession of, fill, invade, engross:

tantus timor omnem exercitum occupavit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39:

tremor occupat artus,

Ov. M. 3, 40:

sopor occupat artus,

Verg. G. 4, 190:

animos magnitudine rei,

Cic. Font. 5, 20:

pallor ora,

Verg. A. 4, 499.—

To take up, occupy, employ: haec causa primos menses occupabit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 10, 3:

cum in mentem venit tres et sexaginta annos aeque multa volumina occupasse mihi,

Liv. 31, 1, 3:

in funambulo Animum,

Ter. Hec. prol. 1, 4:

contio, quae homines occupatos occupat,

Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 7:

tanta superstitio mentis Siculorum occupavit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 51, § 113: pecuniam, to put out or lay out money:

pecuniam adulescentulo grandi fenore occupavisti,

have loaned it at a high rate, id. Fl. 21, 51:

pecunias apud populos,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 91:

pecuniam animalibus,

to lay out, invest in cattle, Col. 1, 8, 13:

pecuniam in pecore,

id. 11, 1:

argentum,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 13.— Pass.:

ante occupatur animus ab iracundiā,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 13, § 38; Liv. 22, 15, 6.—Hence, oc-cŭpātus, a, um, P. a., taken up, occupied, employed, busy, engaged (class.):

ut si occupati profuimus aliquid civibus nostris, prosimus etiam otiosi,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5:

in eo, ut,

Nep. Alc. 8, 1:

tempora,

Cic. Planc. 27, 66:

qui in patriā delendā occupati et sunt et fuerunt,

id. Off. 1, 17, 57:

hostibus opere occupatis,

Liv. 21, 45, 2: Nep. Hann. 7, 1.—Hence, married, occupatae (opp. to vacuae), Quint. Decl. 376.— Comp.: comitiorum dilationes occupatiorem me habebant, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 4, 3.— Sup.:

non dubito, quin occupatissimus fueris,

very much occupied, Cic. Att. 12, 38, 1; Plin. Ep. 9, 21, 2.

ū̆trum, adv. [uter].

Introducing an alternative question (direct or indirect), with an beginning the second clause (v. an); in Engl. represented in direct questions simply by the tone of voice, and in indirect questions by whether.

In a direct interrogation.

With ne,

Attached to the emphatic word of the first clause:

utrum tu masne an femina es?

Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 16: Ba. Simulato me amare. Pi. Utrum ego istoc jocon' assimulem, an serio, id. Bacch. 1, 1, 42:

utrum studione id sibi habet an laudi putat Fore?

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 28:

utrum igitur tandem perspicuisne dubia aperiuntur an dubiis perspicua tolluntur?

Cic. Fin. 4, 24, 67:

utrum censes illum tuamne de se orationem libentius auditurum fuisse an meam?

id. ib. 2, 19, 60.—

With ne attached to utrum, utrumne... an ( poet. and post-Aug.): utrumne jussi persequemur otium... An hunc laborem, etc. Hor. Epod. 1, 7:

utrumne salvum eum nolet orator, an? etc.,

Quint. 12, 1, 40:

utrumne igitur ego sum, Domiti, exemplo gravis an tu, qui, etc.,

Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 4.—

With ne repeated in place of an (very rare): sed utrum terraene motus, sonitusne inferum Pervasit auris? Att. ap. Prisc. 6, p. 680 P. (Trag. Rel. v. 479 Rib.).—

Without ne, utrum... an (class.):

utrum pro ancillā me habes, an pro filiā?

Plaut. Pers. 3, 1, 13:

utrum hac me feriam, an ab laevā, latus?

id. Cist. 3, 13:

sed utrum nunc tu coelibem ted esse mavis liberum, an maritum servom, etc.,

id. Cas. 2, 4, 11:

utrum pro dimidiā parte, an pro totā societate? Utrum pro me an pro me et pro te?

Cic. Rosc. Com. 11, 32:

utrum ea vestra an nostra culpa est?

id. Ac. 2, 29, 95; id. Tusc. 1, 25, 61.—

In an indirect interrogation.

With ne attached,

To the emphatic word of the first clause: sed utrum strictimne attonsurum dicam esse an per pectinem Nescio, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 18:

videndum'st primum utrum eae velintne an non velint,

id. Most. 3, 1, 151:

cum animo depugnat suo, Utrum itane esse ma. velit... an ita potius,

id. Trin. 2, 2, 26; id. Ps. 2, 4, 19; id. Bacch. 3, 4, 1: de istac rogas Virgine? Py. Ita, utrum praedicemne an taceam? Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 53:

ea res nunc in discrimine versatur, utrum possitne se parsimonia defendere, an, etc.,

Cic. Quint. 30, 92:

videamus, utrum ea fortuitane sint an eo statu, quo, etc.,

id. N. D. 2, 34, 87; id. Phil. 2, 12, 30; cf.:

est... illa distinctio, utrum... an... et utrum illudne... an, etc.,

id. Tusc. 4, 27, 59.—

With ne attached to utrum; utrumne... an ( poet. and post-Aug.):

nec quidquam differre utrumne in pulvere... ludas opus, an meretricis amore Sollicitus plores,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 251:

utrumne Divitiis homines an sint virtute beati,

id. ib. 2, 6, 73:

in eo plures dissenserunt, utrumne hae partes essent rhetorices, an ejusdem opera, an elementa,

Quint. 3, 3, 13:

Dareus dubitaverat utrumne circa Mesopotamiam subsisteret, an interiora regna sui peteret,

Curt. 4, 9, 1; Col. 11, 1, 50; Suet. Caes. 80; Tac. Or. 37.—

With ne attached to an; utrum... anne:

me jussit percontarier utrum aurum reddat anne eat secum simul,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 1, 4:

est quaerendumque utrum una species sit earum anne plures,

Cic. Or. 61, 206:

id autem utrum illi sentiant anne simulent, tu intelleges,

id. Att. 12, 51, 2; cf. uter, I. B. 4, fin. —

Without ne:

quid tu, malum, curas, Utrum crudum an coctum edim,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 16:

facite indicium, utrum hac an illac iter institerit,

id. Cist. 4, 2, 11:

utrum stultitiā facere ego hunc an malitiā Dicam, incertus sum,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 54:

id utrum Romano more locutus sit, an, quomodo Stoici dicunt, postea videro,

Cic. Fam. 7, 16, 3:

permultum interest, utrum perturbatione aliquā animi, an consulto fiat injuria,

id. Off. 1, 8, 27:

quid interest utrum hoc feceris, an, etc.,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 75, § 174; id. Rosc. Com. 3, 9:

multum interest, utrum laus imminuatur, an salus deseratur,

id. Fam. 1, 7, 8: quomodo transierit, utrum rate an piscatorio navigio, nemo sciebat, Cael. ap. Quint. 6, 3, 41; Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 8; Cat. 17, 21.—

With necne (rarely ne) in place of the second clause with an; utrum... necne, whether... or not:

jam dudum ego erro, qui quaeram, utrum emeris necne,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 16, § 35:

di utrum sint necne sint quaeritur,

id. N. D. 3, 7, 17:

utrum proelium committi ex usu esset necne,

Caes. B. G. 1, 50: deliberent, utrum traiciant legiones necne... et Brutum arcessant necne, et mihi stipendium dent an decernant, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 26; Liv. 39, 48, 2.—So, utrum... ne:

cum interrogaretur, utrum pluris patrem matremne faceret? matrem inquit,

Nep. Iphic. 3, 4.—

Introducing a disjunctive question with more than two members, with an beginning each clause after the first.

A direct question:

utrum hoc tu parum commeministi, an ego non satis intellexi, an mutasti sententiam?

Cic. Att. 9, 2:

utrum hoc signum cupiditatis tuae an tropaeum necessitudinis an amoris indicium esse voluisti?

id. Verr. 2, 2, 47, § 115; 2, 3, 36, § 83:

utrum hostem an vos an fortunam utriusque populi ignoratis?

Liv. 21, 10, 6; 6, 7, 3:

utrum major... an majores... an aetas... an cum Karthaginiensi, etc.,

id. 28, 43, 12.—

An indirect question:

in quo (convivio) nemo potest dicere utrum ille plus biberit an vomuerit an effuderit,

Cic. Pis. 10, 22:

utrum admonitus an temptatus an sine duce ullo... nescio,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 41, § 105.—

Introducing a single question without an expressed alternative (cf. the similar use of an).

In a direct interrogation:

utrum enim in clarissimis est civibus is, quem judicatum hic duxit Hermippus?

Cic. Fl. 19, 45:

utrum igitur hactenus satis est?

id. Top. 4, 25:

utrum majores vestri omnium magnarum rerum et principia exorti ab diis sunt et finem eum statuerunt?

Liv. 45, 39, 10.—

In an indirect interrogation:

neque utrum ex hoc saltu damni salvum scio eliciam foras,

Plaut. Men. 5, 6, 30:

an hoc dicere audebis, utrum de te aratores, utrum denique Siculi universi bene existiment, ad rem id non pertinere?

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 167: [p. 1949] Nep. Eum. 6, 1.—With the interrog. particle nam:

cum percontatus esset, utrumnam Patris universa classis in portu stare posset,

Liv. 37, 17, 10 dub. Weissenb. ad loc. (Hertz and Madv. possetne).

sĕcundus, a, um, adj. [sequor], following.

(Acc. to sequor, I. B. 2.)

Prop., the following in time or order, the next to the first, the second (cf.: alter, proximus); absol.: si te secundo lumine hic offendero, the next morning, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1: de tribus unum esset optandum...optimum est facere; secundum, nec facere nec pati;

miserrimum digladiari semper, etc.,

the next best, Cic. Rep. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

id secundum erat de tribus,

id. Or. 15, 50:

aliquem obligare secundo sacramento, priore amisso, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 11, 36; cf.:

prioribus equitum partibus secundis additis,

id. Rep. 2, 20, 36:

Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septimae,

id. ib. 2, 10, 18:

Olympias secunda et sexagesima,

id. ib. 2, 15, 28:

oriens incendium belli Punici secundi,

id. ib. 1, 1, 1: aliquem secundum heredem instituere, the second or substituted heir, if the first-named die or refuse the inheritance, id. Fam. 13, 61; so,

heres,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 48; Inscr. Orell. 3416:

mensa,

the second course, dessert, Cic. Att. 14, 6, 2; 14, 21, 4; Cels. 1, 2 fin.; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120; 19, 8, 53, § 167; Verg. G. 2, 101; Hor. S. 2, 2, 121:

Germania,

Lower Germany, Amm. 15, 8, 19.— Subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. membranae), the after-birth, secundines:

partus,

Cels. 7, 29 fin.:

non magis pertinere quam secundas ad editum infantem,

Sen. Ep. 92, 34; Col. 7, 7, 4; Plin. 27, 4, 13, § 30; 30, 14, 43, § 123:

secundae partūs,

id. 9, 13, 15, § 41; 20, 6, 23, § 51; 20, 11, 44, § 115.—

Trop.

Following, next, second in rank, value, etc.; with ad:

quorum ordo proxime accedit, ut secundus sit ad regium principatum,

Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 52.—With ab:

potentiā secundus a rege,

Hirt. B. Alex. 66;

with which cf.: secundus a Romulo conditor urbis Romanae,

Liv. 7, 1 fin.; and:

Ajax, heros ab Achille secundus,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

qui honos secundus a rege erat,

Just. 18, 4, 5.— Absol.: nil majus generatur ipso (Jove), Nec viget quicquam simile aut secundum, Hor. C. 1, 12, 18:

tu (Juppiter) secundo Caesare regnes,

id. ib. 1, 12, 51; corresp. to maxime:

maxime vellem...secundo autem loco, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 8, 10, 31; cf.:

me maxime consolatur spes, etc....facile secundo loco me consolatur recordatio, etc.,

id. Fam. 1, 6, 1 sq.:

cotes Creticae diu maximam laudem habuere, secundam Laconicae,

Plin. 36, 22, 47, § 164.—With dat.:

nulli Campanorum secundus vinctus ad mortem rapior,

Liv. 23, 10, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.:

regio spatio locorum nulli earum gentium secunda,

Curt. 5, 10, 3; Vell. 2, 76, 1:

secundus sibi, non par,

Just. 11, 12, 14:

secunda nobilitas Falerno agro,

id. 14, 6, 8, § 62:

bonitas amomo pallido,

id. 12, 13, 28, § 48.—With abl., Hirt. B. Alex. 66; cf. supra.—

With the prevailing idea of subjection or inferiority, secondary, subordinate, inferior; absol.:

secundae sortis ingenium,

only of the second grade, Sen. Ep. 52, 3:

moneri velle ac posse secunda virtus est,

id. Ben. 5, 25, 4; cf.:

(servi) quasi secundum hominum genus sunt,

Flor. 3, 20, 1:

vivit siliquis et pane secundo (i. e. secundario),

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 123 (cf.:

secundarius panis,

Plin. 18, 10, 20, § 89; Suet. Aug. 76):

tenue argentum venaeque secundae,

Juv. 9, 31:

haec fuit altera persona Thebis, sed tamen secunda ita, ut proxima esset Epaminondae,

Nep. Pel. 4, 3. —With abl.:

haud ulli veterum virtute secundus,

inferior, Verg. A. 11, 441.—With inf.:

nec vertere cuiquam Frena secundus Halys,

Stat. Th. 2, 574.—Esp., in phrase partes secundae, second parts, inferior parts:

in actoribus Graecis, ille qui est secundarum aut tertiarum partium,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:

ut credas partis mimum tractare secundas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 14.—With ab:

hic erit a mensis fine secunda dies,

the last day but one of the month, Ov. F. 1, 710. —As subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. partes), the second or inferior parts:

Spinther secundarum tertiarum Pamphilus,

Plin. 7, 12, 10, § 54; Inscr. Orell. 2644:

Q. Arrius, qui fuit M. Crassi quasi secundarum,

Cic. Brut. 69, 242; so,

secundas sortiri,

Sen. Ben. 2, 29, 3:

ferre,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 46:

deferre alicui,

Quint. 10, 1, 53:

agere,

Sen. Ira, 3, 8, 6.—

(Acc. to sequor, II.)

Prop., naut. t. t., of currents of water, etc., favorable, fair (as following the course of the vessel):

secundo flumine ad Lutetiam iter facere coepit,

i. e. down the stream, Caes. B. G. 7, 58; so,

Tiberi,

Liv. 5, 46:

amni,

Verg. G. 3, 447:

fluvio,

id. A. 7, 494:

aqua,

Liv. 21, 28; cf.:

totā rate in secundam aquam labente,

with the current, id. 21, 47:

et ventum et aestum uno tempore nactus secundum,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; so,

aestu,

Liv. 23, 41:

mari,

id. 29, 7; and, poet.:

(Neptunus) curru secundo,

speeding along, Verg. A. 1, 156:

secundo amne,

Curt. 4, 7, 9:

navigatio,

Tac. A. 2, 8.—Esp., of winds:

in portum vento secundo, velo passo pervenit,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 45; cf.:

cum videam navem secundis ventis cursum tenentem suum,

Cic. Planc. 39, 94; so,

ventus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; Hor. C. 2, 10, 23; id. Ep. 2, 1, 102; cf.

aquilo,

id. ib. 2, 2, 201.— Sup.:

cum secundissimo vento cursum teneret,

Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83.—Of sails (trop.):

des ingenio vela secunda meo,

Ov. F. 3, 790.—

Transf., with, according to any thing: austri anniversarii secundo sole flant, i. e. according to the course of the sun, Nigid. ap. Gell. 2, 22, 31: squama secunda (opp. adversa), as we say, with the grain, i. e. so as to offer no resistance to the hand when it is passed from the head to the tail, id. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—

Trop., favorable, propitious, fortunate (opp. adversus); absol.:

secundo populo aliquid facere,

with the consent of the people, Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 4; so,

concio,

id. Agr. 2, 37, 101; cf.:

voluntas concionis,

id. Att. 1, 19, 4:

admurmurationes cuncti senatūs,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 3: rumor, Enn. ap. Non. 385, 17 (Ann. v. 260 Vahl.); Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 9:

clamor,

Verg. A. 5, 491:

aures,

Liv. 6, 40; 33, 46; 42, 28:

praesentibus ac secundis diis,

id. 7, 26; so,

dis auspicibus et Junone secundā,

Verg. A. 4, 45; and:

secundo Marte ruat,

id. ib. 10, 21:

adi pede sacra secundo,

id. ib. 8, 302;

10, 255: auspicia,

Cic. Div. 1, 15, 27; cf. avis, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 82 Vahl.); and in poet. hypallage:

haruspex,

Verg. A. 11, 739: scitus, secunda loquens in tempore, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 3 (Ann. v. 251 Vahl.): res (opp. adversae), Cic. Off. 1, 26, 90;

so,

id. Lael. 5, 17; 6, 22; id. Att. 4, 2, 1; Hor. S. 2, 8, 74; cf.

fortunae (opp. adversae),

Cic. Sull. 23, 66;

and tempora (opp. adversi casus),

Auct. Her. 4, 17, 24; so, res, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 257 Müll. (Ann. v. 357 Vahl.); Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 1; Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 88 (with prosperitates); Verg. A. 10, 502; Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: fortunae, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. parsi, p. 242 Müll.; Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 28:

proelia,

Caes. B. G. 3, 1:

motus Galliae,

successful, id. ib. 7, 59; and:

belli exitus,

Hor. C. 4, 14, 38:

consilium,

Caes. B. C. 3, 42:

labores,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 45.— Comp.:

reliqua militia secundiore famā fuit,

Suet. Caes. 2.— Sup.:

secundissima proelia,

Caes. B. G. 7, 62.— With dat.:

secunda (sc. verba) irae,

i. e. increasing, promoting it, Liv. 2, 38.— Comp.:

secundiore equitum proelio nostris,

Caes. B. G. 2, 9.— Sup.:

tres leges secundissimas plebei, adversas nobilitati tulit,

Liv. 8, 12: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse videntur, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, B.—As subst.: sĕcunda, ōrum, n., favorable circumstances, good fortune:

sperat infestis, metuit secundis Alteram sortem,

Hor. C. 2, 10, 13:

age, me in tuis secundis respice,

Ter. And. 5, 6, 11:

omnium secundorum adversorumque causes in deos vertere,

Liv. 28, 11, 1:

in secundis sapere et consulere,

id. 30, 42, 16:

nimius homo inter secunda,

Tac. H. 2, 59; 1, 10; Curt. 4, 6, 31:

nemo confidat nimium secundis,

Sen. Thyest. 615:

poscunt fidem secunda,

id. Agam. 934:

secunda non habent unquam modum,

id. Oedip. 694.

Sĕcundus, i, m.; Sĕcunda, ae, f. [1. secundus], a Roman proper name.

C. Plinius Secundus, the writer on natural history. —

C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus, his nephew:

OCTAVIA Q. F. SECVNDA,

Inscr. Grut. 445, 2; cf. Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.

sĕcundus, a, um, adj. [sequor], following.

(Acc. to sequor, I. B. 2.)

Prop., the following in time or order, the next to the first, the second (cf.: alter, proximus); absol.: si te secundo lumine hic offendero, the next morning, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1: de tribus unum esset optandum...optimum est facere; secundum, nec facere nec pati;

miserrimum digladiari semper, etc.,

the next best, Cic. Rep. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

id secundum erat de tribus,

id. Or. 15, 50:

aliquem obligare secundo sacramento, priore amisso, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 11, 36; cf.:

prioribus equitum partibus secundis additis,

id. Rep. 2, 20, 36:

Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septimae,

id. ib. 2, 10, 18:

Olympias secunda et sexagesima,

id. ib. 2, 15, 28:

oriens incendium belli Punici secundi,

id. ib. 1, 1, 1: aliquem secundum heredem instituere, the second or substituted heir, if the first-named die or refuse the inheritance, id. Fam. 13, 61; so,

heres,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 48; Inscr. Orell. 3416:

mensa,

the second course, dessert, Cic. Att. 14, 6, 2; 14, 21, 4; Cels. 1, 2 fin.; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120; 19, 8, 53, § 167; Verg. G. 2, 101; Hor. S. 2, 2, 121:

Germania,

Lower Germany, Amm. 15, 8, 19.— Subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. membranae), the after-birth, secundines:

partus,

Cels. 7, 29 fin.:

non magis pertinere quam secundas ad editum infantem,

Sen. Ep. 92, 34; Col. 7, 7, 4; Plin. 27, 4, 13, § 30; 30, 14, 43, § 123:

secundae partūs,

id. 9, 13, 15, § 41; 20, 6, 23, § 51; 20, 11, 44, § 115.—

Trop.

Following, next, second in rank, value, etc.; with ad:

quorum ordo proxime accedit, ut secundus sit ad regium principatum,

Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 52.—With ab:

potentiā secundus a rege,

Hirt. B. Alex. 66;

with which cf.: secundus a Romulo conditor urbis Romanae,

Liv. 7, 1 fin.; and:

Ajax, heros ab Achille secundus,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

qui honos secundus a rege erat,

Just. 18, 4, 5.— Absol.: nil majus generatur ipso (Jove), Nec viget quicquam simile aut secundum, Hor. C. 1, 12, 18:

tu (Juppiter) secundo Caesare regnes,

id. ib. 1, 12, 51; corresp. to maxime:

maxime vellem...secundo autem loco, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 8, 10, 31; cf.:

me maxime consolatur spes, etc....facile secundo loco me consolatur recordatio, etc.,

id. Fam. 1, 6, 1 sq.:

cotes Creticae diu maximam laudem habuere, secundam Laconicae,

Plin. 36, 22, 47, § 164.—With dat.:

nulli Campanorum secundus vinctus ad mortem rapior,

Liv. 23, 10, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.:

regio spatio locorum nulli earum gentium secunda,

Curt. 5, 10, 3; Vell. 2, 76, 1:

secundus sibi, non par,

Just. 11, 12, 14:

secunda nobilitas Falerno agro,

id. 14, 6, 8, § 62:

bonitas amomo pallido,

id. 12, 13, 28, § 48.—With abl., Hirt. B. Alex. 66; cf. supra.—

With the prevailing idea of subjection or inferiority, secondary, subordinate, inferior; absol.:

secundae sortis ingenium,

only of the second grade, Sen. Ep. 52, 3:

moneri velle ac posse secunda virtus est,

id. Ben. 5, 25, 4; cf.:

(servi) quasi secundum hominum genus sunt,

Flor. 3, 20, 1:

vivit siliquis et pane secundo (i. e. secundario),

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 123 (cf.:

secundarius panis,

Plin. 18, 10, 20, § 89; Suet. Aug. 76):

tenue argentum venaeque secundae,

Juv. 9, 31:

haec fuit altera persona Thebis, sed tamen secunda ita, ut proxima esset Epaminondae,

Nep. Pel. 4, 3. —With abl.:

haud ulli veterum virtute secundus,

inferior, Verg. A. 11, 441.—With inf.:

nec vertere cuiquam Frena secundus Halys,

Stat. Th. 2, 574.—Esp., in phrase partes secundae, second parts, inferior parts:

in actoribus Graecis, ille qui est secundarum aut tertiarum partium,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:

ut credas partis mimum tractare secundas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 14.—With ab:

hic erit a mensis fine secunda dies,

the last day but one of the month, Ov. F. 1, 710. —As subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. partes), the second or inferior parts:

Spinther secundarum tertiarum Pamphilus,

Plin. 7, 12, 10, § 54; Inscr. Orell. 2644:

Q. Arrius, qui fuit M. Crassi quasi secundarum,

Cic. Brut. 69, 242; so,

secundas sortiri,

Sen. Ben. 2, 29, 3:

ferre,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 46:

deferre alicui,

Quint. 10, 1, 53:

agere,

Sen. Ira, 3, 8, 6.—

(Acc. to sequor, II.)

Prop., naut. t. t., of currents of water, etc., favorable, fair (as following the course of the vessel):

secundo flumine ad Lutetiam iter facere coepit,

i. e. down the stream, Caes. B. G. 7, 58; so,

Tiberi,

Liv. 5, 46:

amni,

Verg. G. 3, 447:

fluvio,

id. A. 7, 494:

aqua,

Liv. 21, 28; cf.:

totā rate in secundam aquam labente,

with the current, id. 21, 47:

et ventum et aestum uno tempore nactus secundum,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; so,

aestu,

Liv. 23, 41:

mari,

id. 29, 7; and, poet.:

(Neptunus) curru secundo,

speeding along, Verg. A. 1, 156:

secundo amne,

Curt. 4, 7, 9:

navigatio,

Tac. A. 2, 8.—Esp., of winds:

in portum vento secundo, velo passo pervenit,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 45; cf.:

cum videam navem secundis ventis cursum tenentem suum,

Cic. Planc. 39, 94; so,

ventus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; Hor. C. 2, 10, 23; id. Ep. 2, 1, 102; cf.

aquilo,

id. ib. 2, 2, 201.— Sup.:

cum secundissimo vento cursum teneret,

Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83.—Of sails (trop.):

des ingenio vela secunda meo,

Ov. F. 3, 790.—

Transf., with, according to any thing: austri anniversarii secundo sole flant, i. e. according to the course of the sun, Nigid. ap. Gell. 2, 22, 31: squama secunda (opp. adversa), as we say, with the grain, i. e. so as to offer no resistance to the hand when it is passed from the head to the tail, id. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—

Trop., favorable, propitious, fortunate (opp. adversus); absol.:

secundo populo aliquid facere,

with the consent of the people, Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 4; so,

concio,

id. Agr. 2, 37, 101; cf.:

voluntas concionis,

id. Att. 1, 19, 4:

admurmurationes cuncti senatūs,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 3: rumor, Enn. ap. Non. 385, 17 (Ann. v. 260 Vahl.); Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 9:

clamor,

Verg. A. 5, 491:

aures,

Liv. 6, 40; 33, 46; 42, 28:

praesentibus ac secundis diis,

id. 7, 26; so,

dis auspicibus et Junone secundā,

Verg. A. 4, 45; and:

secundo Marte ruat,

id. ib. 10, 21:

adi pede sacra secundo,

id. ib. 8, 302;

10, 255: auspicia,

Cic. Div. 1, 15, 27; cf. avis, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 82 Vahl.); and in poet. hypallage:

haruspex,

Verg. A. 11, 739: scitus, secunda loquens in tempore, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 3 (Ann. v. 251 Vahl.): res (opp. adversae), Cic. Off. 1, 26, 90;

so,

id. Lael. 5, 17; 6, 22; id. Att. 4, 2, 1; Hor. S. 2, 8, 74; cf.

fortunae (opp. adversae),

Cic. Sull. 23, 66;

and tempora (opp. adversi casus),

Auct. Her. 4, 17, 24; so, res, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 257 Müll. (Ann. v. 357 Vahl.); Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 1; Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 88 (with prosperitates); Verg. A. 10, 502; Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: fortunae, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. parsi, p. 242 Müll.; Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 28:

proelia,

Caes. B. G. 3, 1:

motus Galliae,

successful, id. ib. 7, 59; and:

belli exitus,

Hor. C. 4, 14, 38:

consilium,

Caes. B. C. 3, 42:

labores,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 45.— Comp.:

reliqua militia secundiore famā fuit,

Suet. Caes. 2.— Sup.:

secundissima proelia,

Caes. B. G. 7, 62.— With dat.:

secunda (sc. verba) irae,

i. e. increasing, promoting it, Liv. 2, 38.— Comp.:

secundiore equitum proelio nostris,

Caes. B. G. 2, 9.— Sup.:

tres leges secundissimas plebei, adversas nobilitati tulit,

Liv. 8, 12: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse videntur, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, B.—As subst.: sĕcunda, ōrum, n., favorable circumstances, good fortune:

sperat infestis, metuit secundis Alteram sortem,

Hor. C. 2, 10, 13:

age, me in tuis secundis respice,

Ter. And. 5, 6, 11:

omnium secundorum adversorumque causes in deos vertere,

Liv. 28, 11, 1:

in secundis sapere et consulere,

id. 30, 42, 16:

nimius homo inter secunda,

Tac. H. 2, 59; 1, 10; Curt. 4, 6, 31:

nemo confidat nimium secundis,

Sen. Thyest. 615:

poscunt fidem secunda,

id. Agam. 934:

secunda non habent unquam modum,

id. Oedip. 694.

Sĕcundus, i, m.; Sĕcunda, ae, f. [1. secundus], a Roman proper name.

C. Plinius Secundus, the writer on natural history. —

C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus, his nephew:

OCTAVIA Q. F. SECVNDA,

Inscr. Grut. 445, 2; cf. Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.

sĕcundus, a, um, adj. [sequor], following.

(Acc. to sequor, I. B. 2.)

Prop., the following in time or order, the next to the first, the second (cf.: alter, proximus); absol.: si te secundo lumine hic offendero, the next morning, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1: de tribus unum esset optandum...optimum est facere; secundum, nec facere nec pati;

miserrimum digladiari semper, etc.,

the next best, Cic. Rep. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

id secundum erat de tribus,

id. Or. 15, 50:

aliquem obligare secundo sacramento, priore amisso, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 11, 36; cf.:

prioribus equitum partibus secundis additis,

id. Rep. 2, 20, 36:

Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septimae,

id. ib. 2, 10, 18:

Olympias secunda et sexagesima,

id. ib. 2, 15, 28:

oriens incendium belli Punici secundi,

id. ib. 1, 1, 1: aliquem secundum heredem instituere, the second or substituted heir, if the first-named die or refuse the inheritance, id. Fam. 13, 61; so,

heres,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 48; Inscr. Orell. 3416:

mensa,

the second course, dessert, Cic. Att. 14, 6, 2; 14, 21, 4; Cels. 1, 2 fin.; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120; 19, 8, 53, § 167; Verg. G. 2, 101; Hor. S. 2, 2, 121:

Germania,

Lower Germany, Amm. 15, 8, 19.— Subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. membranae), the after-birth, secundines:

partus,

Cels. 7, 29 fin.:

non magis pertinere quam secundas ad editum infantem,

Sen. Ep. 92, 34; Col. 7, 7, 4; Plin. 27, 4, 13, § 30; 30, 14, 43, § 123:

secundae partūs,

id. 9, 13, 15, § 41; 20, 6, 23, § 51; 20, 11, 44, § 115.—

Trop.

Following, next, second in rank, value, etc.; with ad:

quorum ordo proxime accedit, ut secundus sit ad regium principatum,

Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 52.—With ab:

potentiā secundus a rege,

Hirt. B. Alex. 66;

with which cf.: secundus a Romulo conditor urbis Romanae,

Liv. 7, 1 fin.; and:

Ajax, heros ab Achille secundus,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

qui honos secundus a rege erat,

Just. 18, 4, 5.— Absol.: nil majus generatur ipso (Jove), Nec viget quicquam simile aut secundum, Hor. C. 1, 12, 18:

tu (Juppiter) secundo Caesare regnes,

id. ib. 1, 12, 51; corresp. to maxime:

maxime vellem...secundo autem loco, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 8, 10, 31; cf.:

me maxime consolatur spes, etc....facile secundo loco me consolatur recordatio, etc.,

id. Fam. 1, 6, 1 sq.:

cotes Creticae diu maximam laudem habuere, secundam Laconicae,

Plin. 36, 22, 47, § 164.—With dat.:

nulli Campanorum secundus vinctus ad mortem rapior,

Liv. 23, 10, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.:

regio spatio locorum nulli earum gentium secunda,

Curt. 5, 10, 3; Vell. 2, 76, 1:

secundus sibi, non par,

Just. 11, 12, 14:

secunda nobilitas Falerno agro,

id. 14, 6, 8, § 62:

bonitas amomo pallido,

id. 12, 13, 28, § 48.—With abl., Hirt. B. Alex. 66; cf. supra.—

With the prevailing idea of subjection or inferiority, secondary, subordinate, inferior; absol.:

secundae sortis ingenium,

only of the second grade, Sen. Ep. 52, 3:

moneri velle ac posse secunda virtus est,

id. Ben. 5, 25, 4; cf.:

(servi) quasi secundum hominum genus sunt,

Flor. 3, 20, 1:

vivit siliquis et pane secundo (i. e. secundario),

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 123 (cf.:

secundarius panis,

Plin. 18, 10, 20, § 89; Suet. Aug. 76):

tenue argentum venaeque secundae,

Juv. 9, 31:

haec fuit altera persona Thebis, sed tamen secunda ita, ut proxima esset Epaminondae,

Nep. Pel. 4, 3. —With abl.:

haud ulli veterum virtute secundus,

inferior, Verg. A. 11, 441.—With inf.:

nec vertere cuiquam Frena secundus Halys,

Stat. Th. 2, 574.—Esp., in phrase partes secundae, second parts, inferior parts:

in actoribus Graecis, ille qui est secundarum aut tertiarum partium,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:

ut credas partis mimum tractare secundas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 14.—With ab:

hic erit a mensis fine secunda dies,

the last day but one of the month, Ov. F. 1, 710. —As subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. partes), the second or inferior parts:

Spinther secundarum tertiarum Pamphilus,

Plin. 7, 12, 10, § 54; Inscr. Orell. 2644:

Q. Arrius, qui fuit M. Crassi quasi secundarum,

Cic. Brut. 69, 242; so,

secundas sortiri,

Sen. Ben. 2, 29, 3:

ferre,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 46:

deferre alicui,

Quint. 10, 1, 53:

agere,

Sen. Ira, 3, 8, 6.—

(Acc. to sequor, II.)

Prop., naut. t. t., of currents of water, etc., favorable, fair (as following the course of the vessel):

secundo flumine ad Lutetiam iter facere coepit,

i. e. down the stream, Caes. B. G. 7, 58; so,

Tiberi,

Liv. 5, 46:

amni,

Verg. G. 3, 447:

fluvio,

id. A. 7, 494:

aqua,

Liv. 21, 28; cf.:

totā rate in secundam aquam labente,

with the current, id. 21, 47:

et ventum et aestum uno tempore nactus secundum,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; so,

aestu,

Liv. 23, 41:

mari,

id. 29, 7; and, poet.:

(Neptunus) curru secundo,

speeding along, Verg. A. 1, 156:

secundo amne,

Curt. 4, 7, 9:

navigatio,

Tac. A. 2, 8.—Esp., of winds:

in portum vento secundo, velo passo pervenit,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 45; cf.:

cum videam navem secundis ventis cursum tenentem suum,

Cic. Planc. 39, 94; so,

ventus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; Hor. C. 2, 10, 23; id. Ep. 2, 1, 102; cf.

aquilo,

id. ib. 2, 2, 201.— Sup.:

cum secundissimo vento cursum teneret,

Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83.—Of sails (trop.):

des ingenio vela secunda meo,

Ov. F. 3, 790.—

Transf., with, according to any thing: austri anniversarii secundo sole flant, i. e. according to the course of the sun, Nigid. ap. Gell. 2, 22, 31: squama secunda (opp. adversa), as we say, with the grain, i. e. so as to offer no resistance to the hand when it is passed from the head to the tail, id. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—

Trop., favorable, propitious, fortunate (opp. adversus); absol.:

secundo populo aliquid facere,

with the consent of the people, Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 4; so,

concio,

id. Agr. 2, 37, 101; cf.:

voluntas concionis,

id. Att. 1, 19, 4:

admurmurationes cuncti senatūs,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 3: rumor, Enn. ap. Non. 385, 17 (Ann. v. 260 Vahl.); Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 9:

clamor,

Verg. A. 5, 491:

aures,

Liv. 6, 40; 33, 46; 42, 28:

praesentibus ac secundis diis,

id. 7, 26; so,

dis auspicibus et Junone secundā,

Verg. A. 4, 45; and:

secundo Marte ruat,

id. ib. 10, 21:

adi pede sacra secundo,

id. ib. 8, 302;

10, 255: auspicia,

Cic. Div. 1, 15, 27; cf. avis, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 82 Vahl.); and in poet. hypallage:

haruspex,

Verg. A. 11, 739: scitus, secunda loquens in tempore, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 3 (Ann. v. 251 Vahl.): res (opp. adversae), Cic. Off. 1, 26, 90;

so,

id. Lael. 5, 17; 6, 22; id. Att. 4, 2, 1; Hor. S. 2, 8, 74; cf.

fortunae (opp. adversae),

Cic. Sull. 23, 66;

and tempora (opp. adversi casus),

Auct. Her. 4, 17, 24; so, res, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 257 Müll. (Ann. v. 357 Vahl.); Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 1; Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 88 (with prosperitates); Verg. A. 10, 502; Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: fortunae, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. parsi, p. 242 Müll.; Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 28:

proelia,

Caes. B. G. 3, 1:

motus Galliae,

successful, id. ib. 7, 59; and:

belli exitus,

Hor. C. 4, 14, 38:

consilium,

Caes. B. C. 3, 42:

labores,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 45.— Comp.:

reliqua militia secundiore famā fuit,

Suet. Caes. 2.— Sup.:

secundissima proelia,

Caes. B. G. 7, 62.— With dat.:

secunda (sc. verba) irae,

i. e. increasing, promoting it, Liv. 2, 38.— Comp.:

secundiore equitum proelio nostris,

Caes. B. G. 2, 9.— Sup.:

tres leges secundissimas plebei, adversas nobilitati tulit,

Liv. 8, 12: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse videntur, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, B.—As subst.: sĕcunda, ōrum, n., favorable circumstances, good fortune:

sperat infestis, metuit secundis Alteram sortem,

Hor. C. 2, 10, 13:

age, me in tuis secundis respice,

Ter. And. 5, 6, 11:

omnium secundorum adversorumque causes in deos vertere,

Liv. 28, 11, 1:

in secundis sapere et consulere,

id. 30, 42, 16:

nimius homo inter secunda,

Tac. H. 2, 59; 1, 10; Curt. 4, 6, 31:

nemo confidat nimium secundis,

Sen. Thyest. 615:

poscunt fidem secunda,

id. Agam. 934:

secunda non habent unquam modum,

id. Oedip. 694.

Sĕcundus, i, m.; Sĕcunda, ae, f. [1. secundus], a Roman proper name.

C. Plinius Secundus, the writer on natural history. —

C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus, his nephew:

OCTAVIA Q. F. SECVNDA,

Inscr. Grut. 445, 2; cf. Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.

sĕcundus, a, um, adj. [sequor], following.

(Acc. to sequor, I. B. 2.)

Prop., the following in time or order, the next to the first, the second (cf.: alter, proximus); absol.: si te secundo lumine hic offendero, the next morning, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1: de tribus unum esset optandum...optimum est facere; secundum, nec facere nec pati;

miserrimum digladiari semper, etc.,

the next best, Cic. Rep. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

id secundum erat de tribus,

id. Or. 15, 50:

aliquem obligare secundo sacramento, priore amisso, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 11, 36; cf.:

prioribus equitum partibus secundis additis,

id. Rep. 2, 20, 36:

Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septimae,

id. ib. 2, 10, 18:

Olympias secunda et sexagesima,

id. ib. 2, 15, 28:

oriens incendium belli Punici secundi,

id. ib. 1, 1, 1: aliquem secundum heredem instituere, the second or substituted heir, if the first-named die or refuse the inheritance, id. Fam. 13, 61; so,

heres,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 48; Inscr. Orell. 3416:

mensa,

the second course, dessert, Cic. Att. 14, 6, 2; 14, 21, 4; Cels. 1, 2 fin.; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120; 19, 8, 53, § 167; Verg. G. 2, 101; Hor. S. 2, 2, 121:

Germania,

Lower Germany, Amm. 15, 8, 19.— Subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. membranae), the after-birth, secundines:

partus,

Cels. 7, 29 fin.:

non magis pertinere quam secundas ad editum infantem,

Sen. Ep. 92, 34; Col. 7, 7, 4; Plin. 27, 4, 13, § 30; 30, 14, 43, § 123:

secundae partūs,

id. 9, 13, 15, § 41; 20, 6, 23, § 51; 20, 11, 44, § 115.—

Trop.

Following, next, second in rank, value, etc.; with ad:

quorum ordo proxime accedit, ut secundus sit ad regium principatum,

Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 52.—With ab:

potentiā secundus a rege,

Hirt. B. Alex. 66;

with which cf.: secundus a Romulo conditor urbis Romanae,

Liv. 7, 1 fin.; and:

Ajax, heros ab Achille secundus,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

qui honos secundus a rege erat,

Just. 18, 4, 5.— Absol.: nil majus generatur ipso (Jove), Nec viget quicquam simile aut secundum, Hor. C. 1, 12, 18:

tu (Juppiter) secundo Caesare regnes,

id. ib. 1, 12, 51; corresp. to maxime:

maxime vellem...secundo autem loco, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 8, 10, 31; cf.:

me maxime consolatur spes, etc....facile secundo loco me consolatur recordatio, etc.,

id. Fam. 1, 6, 1 sq.:

cotes Creticae diu maximam laudem habuere, secundam Laconicae,

Plin. 36, 22, 47, § 164.—With dat.:

nulli Campanorum secundus vinctus ad mortem rapior,

Liv. 23, 10, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.:

regio spatio locorum nulli earum gentium secunda,

Curt. 5, 10, 3; Vell. 2, 76, 1:

secundus sibi, non par,

Just. 11, 12, 14:

secunda nobilitas Falerno agro,

id. 14, 6, 8, § 62:

bonitas amomo pallido,

id. 12, 13, 28, § 48.—With abl., Hirt. B. Alex. 66; cf. supra.—

With the prevailing idea of subjection or inferiority, secondary, subordinate, inferior; absol.:

secundae sortis ingenium,

only of the second grade, Sen. Ep. 52, 3:

moneri velle ac posse secunda virtus est,

id. Ben. 5, 25, 4; cf.:

(servi) quasi secundum hominum genus sunt,

Flor. 3, 20, 1:

vivit siliquis et pane secundo (i. e. secundario),

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 123 (cf.:

secundarius panis,

Plin. 18, 10, 20, § 89; Suet. Aug. 76):

tenue argentum venaeque secundae,

Juv. 9, 31:

haec fuit altera persona Thebis, sed tamen secunda ita, ut proxima esset Epaminondae,

Nep. Pel. 4, 3. —With abl.:

haud ulli veterum virtute secundus,

inferior, Verg. A. 11, 441.—With inf.:

nec vertere cuiquam Frena secundus Halys,

Stat. Th. 2, 574.—Esp., in phrase partes secundae, second parts, inferior parts:

in actoribus Graecis, ille qui est secundarum aut tertiarum partium,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:

ut credas partis mimum tractare secundas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 14.—With ab:

hic erit a mensis fine secunda dies,

the last day but one of the month, Ov. F. 1, 710. —As subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. partes), the second or inferior parts:

Spinther secundarum tertiarum Pamphilus,

Plin. 7, 12, 10, § 54; Inscr. Orell. 2644:

Q. Arrius, qui fuit M. Crassi quasi secundarum,

Cic. Brut. 69, 242; so,

secundas sortiri,

Sen. Ben. 2, 29, 3:

ferre,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 46:

deferre alicui,

Quint. 10, 1, 53:

agere,

Sen. Ira, 3, 8, 6.—

(Acc. to sequor, II.)

Prop., naut. t. t., of currents of water, etc., favorable, fair (as following the course of the vessel):

secundo flumine ad Lutetiam iter facere coepit,

i. e. down the stream, Caes. B. G. 7, 58; so,

Tiberi,

Liv. 5, 46:

amni,

Verg. G. 3, 447:

fluvio,

id. A. 7, 494:

aqua,

Liv. 21, 28; cf.:

totā rate in secundam aquam labente,

with the current, id. 21, 47:

et ventum et aestum uno tempore nactus secundum,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; so,

aestu,

Liv. 23, 41:

mari,

id. 29, 7; and, poet.:

(Neptunus) curru secundo,

speeding along, Verg. A. 1, 156:

secundo amne,

Curt. 4, 7, 9:

navigatio,

Tac. A. 2, 8.—Esp., of winds:

in portum vento secundo, velo passo pervenit,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 45; cf.:

cum videam navem secundis ventis cursum tenentem suum,

Cic. Planc. 39, 94; so,

ventus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; Hor. C. 2, 10, 23; id. Ep. 2, 1, 102; cf.

aquilo,

id. ib. 2, 2, 201.— Sup.:

cum secundissimo vento cursum teneret,

Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83.—Of sails (trop.):

des ingenio vela secunda meo,

Ov. F. 3, 790.—

Transf., with, according to any thing: austri anniversarii secundo sole flant, i. e. according to the course of the sun, Nigid. ap. Gell. 2, 22, 31: squama secunda (opp. adversa), as we say, with the grain, i. e. so as to offer no resistance to the hand when it is passed from the head to the tail, id. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—

Trop., favorable, propitious, fortunate (opp. adversus); absol.:

secundo populo aliquid facere,

with the consent of the people, Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 4; so,

concio,

id. Agr. 2, 37, 101; cf.:

voluntas concionis,

id. Att. 1, 19, 4:

admurmurationes cuncti senatūs,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 3: rumor, Enn. ap. Non. 385, 17 (Ann. v. 260 Vahl.); Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 9:

clamor,

Verg. A. 5, 491:

aures,

Liv. 6, 40; 33, 46; 42, 28:

praesentibus ac secundis diis,

id. 7, 26; so,

dis auspicibus et Junone secundā,

Verg. A. 4, 45; and:

secundo Marte ruat,

id. ib. 10, 21:

adi pede sacra secundo,

id. ib. 8, 302;

10, 255: auspicia,

Cic. Div. 1, 15, 27; cf. avis, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 82 Vahl.); and in poet. hypallage:

haruspex,

Verg. A. 11, 739: scitus, secunda loquens in tempore, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 3 (Ann. v. 251 Vahl.): res (opp. adversae), Cic. Off. 1, 26, 90;

so,

id. Lael. 5, 17; 6, 22; id. Att. 4, 2, 1; Hor. S. 2, 8, 74; cf.

fortunae (opp. adversae),

Cic. Sull. 23, 66;

and tempora (opp. adversi casus),

Auct. Her. 4, 17, 24; so, res, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 257 Müll. (Ann. v. 357 Vahl.); Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 1; Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 88 (with prosperitates); Verg. A. 10, 502; Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: fortunae, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. parsi, p. 242 Müll.; Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 28:

proelia,

Caes. B. G. 3, 1:

motus Galliae,

successful, id. ib. 7, 59; and:

belli exitus,

Hor. C. 4, 14, 38:

consilium,

Caes. B. C. 3, 42:

labores,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 45.— Comp.:

reliqua militia secundiore famā fuit,

Suet. Caes. 2.— Sup.:

secundissima proelia,

Caes. B. G. 7, 62.— With dat.:

secunda (sc. verba) irae,

i. e. increasing, promoting it, Liv. 2, 38.— Comp.:

secundiore equitum proelio nostris,

Caes. B. G. 2, 9.— Sup.:

tres leges secundissimas plebei, adversas nobilitati tulit,

Liv. 8, 12: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse videntur, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, B.—As subst.: sĕcunda, ōrum, n., favorable circumstances, good fortune:

sperat infestis, metuit secundis Alteram sortem,

Hor. C. 2, 10, 13:

age, me in tuis secundis respice,

Ter. And. 5, 6, 11:

omnium secundorum adversorumque causes in deos vertere,

Liv. 28, 11, 1:

in secundis sapere et consulere,

id. 30, 42, 16:

nimius homo inter secunda,

Tac. H. 2, 59; 1, 10; Curt. 4, 6, 31:

nemo confidat nimium secundis,

Sen. Thyest. 615:

poscunt fidem secunda,

id. Agam. 934:

secunda non habent unquam modum,

id. Oedip. 694.

Sĕcundus, i, m.; Sĕcunda, ae, f. [1. secundus], a Roman proper name.

C. Plinius Secundus, the writer on natural history. —

C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus, his nephew:

OCTAVIA Q. F. SECVNDA,

Inscr. Grut. 445, 2; cf. Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.

sĕcundus, a, um, adj. [sequor], following.

(Acc. to sequor, I. B. 2.)

Prop., the following in time or order, the next to the first, the second (cf.: alter, proximus); absol.: si te secundo lumine hic offendero, the next morning, Enn. ap. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1: de tribus unum esset optandum...optimum est facere; secundum, nec facere nec pati;

miserrimum digladiari semper, etc.,

the next best, Cic. Rep. 3, 14, 23; cf.:

id secundum erat de tribus,

id. Or. 15, 50:

aliquem obligare secundo sacramento, priore amisso, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 11, 36; cf.:

prioribus equitum partibus secundis additis,

id. Rep. 2, 20, 36:

Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septimae,

id. ib. 2, 10, 18:

Olympias secunda et sexagesima,

id. ib. 2, 15, 28:

oriens incendium belli Punici secundi,

id. ib. 1, 1, 1: aliquem secundum heredem instituere, the second or substituted heir, if the first-named die or refuse the inheritance, id. Fam. 13, 61; so,

heres,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 48; Inscr. Orell. 3416:

mensa,

the second course, dessert, Cic. Att. 14, 6, 2; 14, 21, 4; Cels. 1, 2 fin.; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120; 19, 8, 53, § 167; Verg. G. 2, 101; Hor. S. 2, 2, 121:

Germania,

Lower Germany, Amm. 15, 8, 19.— Subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. membranae), the after-birth, secundines:

partus,

Cels. 7, 29 fin.:

non magis pertinere quam secundas ad editum infantem,

Sen. Ep. 92, 34; Col. 7, 7, 4; Plin. 27, 4, 13, § 30; 30, 14, 43, § 123:

secundae partūs,

id. 9, 13, 15, § 41; 20, 6, 23, § 51; 20, 11, 44, § 115.—

Trop.

Following, next, second in rank, value, etc.; with ad:

quorum ordo proxime accedit, ut secundus sit ad regium principatum,

Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 52.—With ab:

potentiā secundus a rege,

Hirt. B. Alex. 66;

with which cf.: secundus a Romulo conditor urbis Romanae,

Liv. 7, 1 fin.; and:

Ajax, heros ab Achille secundus,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

qui honos secundus a rege erat,

Just. 18, 4, 5.— Absol.: nil majus generatur ipso (Jove), Nec viget quicquam simile aut secundum, Hor. C. 1, 12, 18:

tu (Juppiter) secundo Caesare regnes,

id. ib. 1, 12, 51; corresp. to maxime:

maxime vellem...secundo autem loco, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 8, 10, 31; cf.:

me maxime consolatur spes, etc....facile secundo loco me consolatur recordatio, etc.,

id. Fam. 1, 6, 1 sq.:

cotes Creticae diu maximam laudem habuere, secundam Laconicae,

Plin. 36, 22, 47, § 164.—With dat.:

nulli Campanorum secundus vinctus ad mortem rapior,

Liv. 23, 10, 7 Weissenb. ad loc.:

regio spatio locorum nulli earum gentium secunda,

Curt. 5, 10, 3; Vell. 2, 76, 1:

secundus sibi, non par,

Just. 11, 12, 14:

secunda nobilitas Falerno agro,

id. 14, 6, 8, § 62:

bonitas amomo pallido,

id. 12, 13, 28, § 48.—With abl., Hirt. B. Alex. 66; cf. supra.—

With the prevailing idea of subjection or inferiority, secondary, subordinate, inferior; absol.:

secundae sortis ingenium,

only of the second grade, Sen. Ep. 52, 3:

moneri velle ac posse secunda virtus est,

id. Ben. 5, 25, 4; cf.:

(servi) quasi secundum hominum genus sunt,

Flor. 3, 20, 1:

vivit siliquis et pane secundo (i. e. secundario),

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 123 (cf.:

secundarius panis,

Plin. 18, 10, 20, § 89; Suet. Aug. 76):

tenue argentum venaeque secundae,

Juv. 9, 31:

haec fuit altera persona Thebis, sed tamen secunda ita, ut proxima esset Epaminondae,

Nep. Pel. 4, 3. —With abl.:

haud ulli veterum virtute secundus,

inferior, Verg. A. 11, 441.—With inf.:

nec vertere cuiquam Frena secundus Halys,

Stat. Th. 2, 574.—Esp., in phrase partes secundae, second parts, inferior parts:

in actoribus Graecis, ille qui est secundarum aut tertiarum partium,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 48:

ut credas partis mimum tractare secundas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 14.—With ab:

hic erit a mensis fine secunda dies,

the last day but one of the month, Ov. F. 1, 710. —As subst.: sĕcundae, ārum, f. (sc. partes), the second or inferior parts:

Spinther secundarum tertiarum Pamphilus,

Plin. 7, 12, 10, § 54; Inscr. Orell. 2644:

Q. Arrius, qui fuit M. Crassi quasi secundarum,

Cic. Brut. 69, 242; so,

secundas sortiri,

Sen. Ben. 2, 29, 3:

ferre,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 46:

deferre alicui,

Quint. 10, 1, 53:

agere,

Sen. Ira, 3, 8, 6.—

(Acc. to sequor, II.)

Prop., naut. t. t., of currents of water, etc., favorable, fair (as following the course of the vessel):

secundo flumine ad Lutetiam iter facere coepit,

i. e. down the stream, Caes. B. G. 7, 58; so,

Tiberi,

Liv. 5, 46:

amni,

Verg. G. 3, 447:

fluvio,

id. A. 7, 494:

aqua,

Liv. 21, 28; cf.:

totā rate in secundam aquam labente,

with the current, id. 21, 47:

et ventum et aestum uno tempore nactus secundum,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; so,

aestu,

Liv. 23, 41:

mari,

id. 29, 7; and, poet.:

(Neptunus) curru secundo,

speeding along, Verg. A. 1, 156:

secundo amne,

Curt. 4, 7, 9:

navigatio,

Tac. A. 2, 8.—Esp., of winds:

in portum vento secundo, velo passo pervenit,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 45; cf.:

cum videam navem secundis ventis cursum tenentem suum,

Cic. Planc. 39, 94; so,

ventus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23 fin.; Hor. C. 2, 10, 23; id. Ep. 2, 1, 102; cf.

aquilo,

id. ib. 2, 2, 201.— Sup.:

cum secundissimo vento cursum teneret,

Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83.—Of sails (trop.):

des ingenio vela secunda meo,

Ov. F. 3, 790.—

Transf., with, according to any thing: austri anniversarii secundo sole flant, i. e. according to the course of the sun, Nigid. ap. Gell. 2, 22, 31: squama secunda (opp. adversa), as we say, with the grain, i. e. so as to offer no resistance to the hand when it is passed from the head to the tail, id. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12.—

Trop., favorable, propitious, fortunate (opp. adversus); absol.:

secundo populo aliquid facere,

with the consent of the people, Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 4; so,

concio,

id. Agr. 2, 37, 101; cf.:

voluntas concionis,

id. Att. 1, 19, 4:

admurmurationes cuncti senatūs,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 3: rumor, Enn. ap. Non. 385, 17 (Ann. v. 260 Vahl.); Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 9:

clamor,

Verg. A. 5, 491:

aures,

Liv. 6, 40; 33, 46; 42, 28:

praesentibus ac secundis diis,

id. 7, 26; so,

dis auspicibus et Junone secundā,

Verg. A. 4, 45; and:

secundo Marte ruat,

id. ib. 10, 21:

adi pede sacra secundo,

id. ib. 8, 302;

10, 255: auspicia,

Cic. Div. 1, 15, 27; cf. avis, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 82 Vahl.); and in poet. hypallage:

haruspex,

Verg. A. 11, 739: scitus, secunda loquens in tempore, Enn. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 3 (Ann. v. 251 Vahl.): res (opp. adversae), Cic. Off. 1, 26, 90;

so,

id. Lael. 5, 17; 6, 22; id. Att. 4, 2, 1; Hor. S. 2, 8, 74; cf.

fortunae (opp. adversae),

Cic. Sull. 23, 66;

and tempora (opp. adversi casus),

Auct. Her. 4, 17, 24; so, res, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 257 Müll. (Ann. v. 357 Vahl.); Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 1; Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 88 (with prosperitates); Verg. A. 10, 502; Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30: fortunae, Cato ap. Fest. s. v. parsi, p. 242 Müll.; Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 28:

proelia,

Caes. B. G. 3, 1:

motus Galliae,

successful, id. ib. 7, 59; and:

belli exitus,

Hor. C. 4, 14, 38:

consilium,

Caes. B. C. 3, 42:

labores,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 45.— Comp.:

reliqua militia secundiore famā fuit,

Suet. Caes. 2.— Sup.:

secundissima proelia,

Caes. B. G. 7, 62.— With dat.:

secunda (sc. verba) irae,

i. e. increasing, promoting it, Liv. 2, 38.— Comp.:

secundiore equitum proelio nostris,

Caes. B. G. 2, 9.— Sup.:

tres leges secundissimas plebei, adversas nobilitati tulit,

Liv. 8, 12: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse videntur, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 8, B.—As subst.: sĕcunda, ōrum, n., favorable circumstances, good fortune:

sperat infestis, metuit secundis Alteram sortem,

Hor. C. 2, 10, 13:

age, me in tuis secundis respice,

Ter. And. 5, 6, 11:

omnium secundorum adversorumque causes in deos vertere,

Liv. 28, 11, 1:

in secundis sapere et consulere,

id. 30, 42, 16:

nimius homo inter secunda,

Tac. H. 2, 59; 1, 10; Curt. 4, 6, 31:

nemo confidat nimium secundis,

Sen. Thyest. 615:

poscunt fidem secunda,

id. Agam. 934:

secunda non habent unquam modum,

id. Oedip. 694.

Sĕcundus, i, m.; Sĕcunda, ae, f. [1. secundus], a Roman proper name.

C. Plinius Secundus, the writer on natural history. —

C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus, his nephew:

OCTAVIA Q. F. SECVNDA,

Inscr. Grut. 445, 2; cf. Varr. L. L. 9, § 60 Müll.

* * *

ad-verto (archaic advor-), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn a thing to or toward a place (in this signif., without animus; mostly poet.; syn.: observare, animadvertere, videre, cognoscere).

Lit.

In gen., with in or dat.:

illa sese huc advorterat in hanc nostram plateam,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:

in quamcunque domus lumina partem,

Ov. M. 6, 180; cf. id. ib. 8, 482:

malis numen,

Verg. A. 4, 611:

huc aures, huc, quaeso, advertite sensus,

Sil. 16, 213; cf. id. 6, 105.—

Esp., a naut. t. t., to turn, direct, steer a ship to a place:

classem in portum,

Liv. 37, 9 Drak.:

terrae proras,

Verg. A. 7, 35; id. G. 4, 117 al.:

Colchos puppim,

Ov. H. 12, 23.— Absol.:

profugi advertere coloni,

landed, Sil. 1, 288;

hence also transf. to other things: aequore cursum,

Verg. A. 7, 196:

pedem ripae,

id. ib. 6, 386:

urbi agmen,

id. ib. 12, 555: adverti with acc. poet. for verti ad:

Scythicas advertitur oras,

Ov. M. 5, 649 (cf. adducor litora remis, id. ib. 3, 598, and Rudd. II. p. 327).

Fig.

Animum (in the poets and Livy also animos, rarely mentem) advertere; absol., or with adv. or ad aliquid, or alicui rei, to direct the mind, thoughts, or attention to a thing, to advert to, give attention to, attend to, to heed, observe, remark:

si voles advortere animum, Enn. ap. Var. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.): facete advortis animum tuum ad animum meum,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 39:

nunc huc animum advortite ambo,

id. ib. 3, 1, 169:

advertunt animos ad religionem,

Lucr. 3, 54:

monitis animos advertite nostris,

Ov. M. 15, 140:

animum etiam levissimis rebus adverterent,

Tac. A. 13, 49.—With ne, when the object of attention is expressed:

ut animum advertant, ne quos offendant,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68:

adverterent animos, ne quid novi tumultūs oriretur,

Liv. 4, 45.—

Animum advertere, to observe a thing by directing the mind to it, to observe, to notice, to remark, to perceive (in the class. period contracted to animadvertere, q. v.).—Constr. with two accusatives, animum advertere aliquid (where aliquid may be regarded as depending on the prep. in comp., Roby, § 1118, or on animum advertere, considered as one idea, to observe), with acc. and inf., or rel. clause (the first mode of construction, most frequent with the pronouns id, hoc, illud, etc., is for the most part ante-class., and appears in Caes., Cic., and Sall. as an archaism):

et hoc animum advorte,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 43:

hanc edictionem,

id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

haec animum te advertere par est,

Lucr. 2, 125:

animum adverti columellam e dumis eminentem,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 65; id. Inv. 2, 51, 153:

Postquam id animum advertit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 4, 12:

quidam Ligus animum advortit inter saxa repentīs cocleas,

Sall. J. 93, 2. In Vitruv. once with hinc:

ut etiam possumus hinc animum advertere,

as we can hence perceive, Vitr. 10, 22, 262.—With the acc. and inf.:

postquam tantopere id vos velle animum advorteram,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:

animum advertit magnas esse copiashostium instructas,

Caes. B. G. 5, 18: cum animum adverteret locum relictum esse, Auct. B. Alex. 31; ib. 46.—With the rel. clause: nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso, animum advortite, Ter. And. prol. 8: quid ille sperare possit, animum adverte, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9:

quam multarum rerum ipse ignarus esset... animum advertit,

Liv. 24, 48. Sometimes advertere alone = animum advertere; so once in Cicero's letters: nam advertebatur Pompeii familiares assentiri Volcatio, Fam. 1, 1 (although here, as well as almost everywhere, the readings fluctuate between advertere and animadvertere; cf. Orell. ad h. l.; animadvertebatur, B. and K.). So Verg. in the imp.:

qua ratione quod instat, Confieri possit, paucis, adverte, docebo,

attend! Verg. A. 4, 115.—In the histt., esp. Tac. and Pliny, more frequently:

donec advertit Tiberius,

Tac. A. 4, 54:

Zenobiam advertere pastores,

id. ib. 12, 51:

advertere quosdam cultu externo in sedibus senatorum,

id. ib. 13, 54:

quotiens novum aliquid adverterat,

id. ib. 15, 30 al.:

hirudo quam sanguisugam appellari adverto,

Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 29:

ut multos adverto credidisse,

id. 2, 67, 67, § 168. Still more rarely, advertere animo:

animis advertite vestris,

Verg. A. 2, 712:

hanc scientiam ad nostros pervenisse animo adverto,

Plin. 25, 2, 3, § 5; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 4, 27, 8.—

To draw or turn something, esp. the attention of another, to or upon one's self (in the histt.):

gemitus ac planctus militum aures oraque advertere,

Tac. A. 1, 41:

octo aquilae imperatorem advertere,

id. ib. 2, 17: recentia veteraque odia advertit, drew them on himself, id. ib. 4, 21 al.—

To call the attention of one to a definite act, i. e. to admonish of it, to urge to it (cf. II. A.):

non docet admonitio, sed advertit,

i. e. directs attention, Sen. Ep. 94:

advertit ea res Vespasiani animum, ut, etc.,

Tac. H. 3, 48.—

Advertere in aliquem, for the more usual animadvertere in aliquem, to attend to one, i. e. to punish one (only in Tac.):

in P. Marcium consules more prisco advertere,

Tac. A. 2, 32:

ut in reliquos Sejani liberos adverteretur,

id. ib. 5, 9 (cf. id. Germ. 7, 3: animadvertere).—Hence,

adversus (archaic advor-), a, um, P. a., turned to or toward a thing, with the face or front toward, standing over against, opposite, before, in front of (opp. aversus).

In gen.:

solem adversum intueri,

Cic. Somn. Scip. 5:

Iris... Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,

Verg. A. 4, 701; id. G. 1, 218:

antipodes adversis vestigiis stant contra nostra vestigia,

Cic. Ac. 2, 39: dentes adversi acuti ( the sharp front teeth) morsu dividunt escas, Cic. N. D. 2, 54:

quod is collis, tantum adversus in latitudinem patebat, quantum etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8 Herz. So, hostes adversi, who make front against one advancing or retreating, id. ib. 2, 24:

L. Cotta legatus in adversum os fundā vulneratur,

in front, Caes. B. G. 5, 35; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1; Liv. 21, 7 fin. al.; hence, vulnus adversum, a wound in front (on the contr., vulnus aversum, a wound in the back), Cic. Har. Resp. 19:

adversis vulneribus,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 35, 4:

judicibus cicatrices adversas ostendere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 28:

cicatrices populus Romanus aspiceret adverso corpore exceptas,

id. Verr. 5, 3:

impetus hostium adversos, Auct. B. Alex. 8: Romani advorso colle evadunt,

ascend the hill in front, Sall. J. 52:

adversa signa,

Liv. 30, 8:

legiones quas Visellius et C. Silius adversis itineribus objecerant,

i. e. marches in which they went to meet the enemy, Tac. A. 3, 42: sed adverso fulgure ( by a flash of lightning falling directly before him) pavefactus est Nero, Suet. Ner. 48:

armenta egit Hannibal in adversos montes,

Quint. 2, 17, 19; cf. Lucr. 3, 1013; so Hor. S. 1, 1, 103; 2, 3, 205:

qui timet his adversa,

the opposite of this, id. Ep. 1, 6, 9 al. —Hence, of rivers: flumine adverso, up the stream, against the stream:

in adversum flumen contendere,

Lucr. 4, 423:

adverso feruntur flumine,

id. 6, 720; so Verg. G. 1, 201:

adverso amne,

Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 33;

adverso Tiberi subvehi,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 22, 3 (opp. to secundā aquā, down stream, with the stream:

rate in secundam aquam labente,

Liv. 21, 47, 3); and of winds, opposed to a vessel's course, head winds, contrary winds, consequently unfavorable, adverse:

navigationes adversis ventis praecluduntur, Auct. B. Alex. 8: adversissimi navigantibus venti,

Caes. B. C. 3, 107.— Subst.: adversum, i, the opposite: hic ventus a septentrionibus oriens adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus, [p. 50] holds the opposite to those sailing from Athens, i. e. blows against them, Nep. Milt. 1 (so Nipperdey; but v. Hand, Turs. I. p. 183). — Adv.: ex adverso, also written exadverso and exadversum, opposite to, over against, ek tou enantiou:

portus ex adverso urbi positus,

Liv. 45, 10.—With gen.:

Patrae ex adverso Aetoliae et fluminis Eveni,

Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11.—Without case:

cum ex adverso starent classes,

Just. 2, 14; so Suet. Caes. 39; Tib. 33.—In adversum, to the opposite side, against:

et duo in adversum immissi per moenia currus,

against each other, Prop. 3, 9, 23; so Gell. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 8, 237;

in adversum Romani subiere,

Liv. 1, 12; 7, 23.—

In hostile opposition to, adverse to, unfavorable, unpropitious (opp. secundus; frequent and class.): conqueri fortunam adversam, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50:

hic dies pervorsus atque advorsus mihi obtigit,

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 1:

advorsus nemini,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 37:

mentes improborum mihi infensae et adversae,

Cic. Sull. 10:

acclamatio,

id. de Or. 2, 83: adversā avi aliquid facere, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 16:

adversis auspiciis,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 64, 6:

adversum omen,

Suet. Vit. 8:

adversissima auspicia,

id. Oth. 8: adversae res, misfortune, calamity, adverse fortune:

ut adversas res, sic secundas immoderate ferre levitatis est,

Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf.:

adversi casus,

Nep. Dat. 5:

adversae rerum undae,

a sea of troubles, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 22: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9 (the sup. is found also in Cæs. B. C. 3, 107):

quae magistratus ille dicet, secundis auribus, quae ab nostrum quo dicentur, adversis accipietis?

Liv. 6, 40:

adversus annus frugibus,

id. 4, 12:

valetudo adversa,

i. e. sickness, id. 10, 32:

adversum proelium,

an unsuccessful engagement, id. 7, 29; cf.

8, 31: adverso rumore esse,

to be in bad repute, to have a bad reputation, Tac. Ann. 14, 11:

adversa subsellia,

on which the opposition sit, Quint. 6, 1, 39.—Sometimes met. of feeling, contrary to, hated, hateful, odious:

quīs omnia regna advorsa sint,

Sall. J. 83; cf. Luc. 2, 229 Bentl.— Comp.:

neque est aliud adversius,

Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 35.—

* Adv.: adver-sē, self-contradictorily, Gell. 3, 16.— ad-versum, i, subst., esp. in the plur. adversa, misfortune, calamity, disaster, adversity, evil, mischief:

advorsa ejus per te tecta sient,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 28:

nihil adversi,

Cic. Brut. 1, 4:

si quid adversi accidisset,

Nep. Alc. 8; cf. Liv. 22, 40; 35, 13:

secunda felices, adversa magnos probant,

Plin. Pan. 31;

esp. freq. in Tac.: prospera et adversa pop. Rom., Ann. 1, 1: adversa tempestatum et fluctuum,

id. Agr. 25; so id. A. 3, 24; 45; 2, 69; 4, 13 al.— Subst.: adversus, i, m., an opponent, adversary (rare):

multosque mortalīs ea causa advorsos habeo,

Sall. C. 52, 7.—In Quint. also once ad-versa, ae, f., subst., a female opponent or adversary: natura noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, invenit, 12, 1, 2.—

In rhet., opposed to another of the same genus, e. g. sapientia and stultitia: “Haec quae ex eodem genere contraria sunt, appellantur adversa,” Cic. Top. 11.

adversus or adversum (archaic advor-) (like rursus and rursum, prorsus and prorsum, quorsus and quorsum), adv. and prep., denoting direction to or toward an object (syn.: contra, in with acc., ad, erga).

Adv.: opposite to, against, to, or toward a thing, in a friendly or hostile sense:

ibo advorsum,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 29:

facito, ut venias advorsum mihi,

id. Men. 2, 3, 82:

obsecro te, matri ne quid tuae advorsus fuas, Liv. And. ap. Non. s. v. fuam, 111, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 3 Rib.): quis hic est, qui advorsus it mihi?

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 22:

adversus resistere,

Nep. Pelop. 1, 3:

nemo adversus ibat,

Liv. 37, 13, 8 al. In Plaut. and Ter. advorsum ire, or venire, to go to meet; also of a slave, to go to meet his master and bring him from a place (hence adversitor, q. v.):

solus nunc eo advorsum hero ex plurimis servis,

Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 23:

ei advorsum venimus,

id. ib. 4, 2, 32; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 2 Ruhnk.—

Prep. with acc., toward or against, in a friendly or a hostile sense.

In a friendly sense.

Of place, turned to or toward, opposite to, before, facing, over against: qui cotidie unguentatus adversum speculum ornetur, before the mirror, Scipio ap. Gell. 7, 12:

adversus advocatos,

Liv. 45, 7, 5:

medicus debet residere illustri loco adversus aegrum,

opposite to the patient, Cels. 3, 6:

adversus Scyllam vergens in Italiam,

Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 87:

Lerina, adversum Antipolim,

id. 3, 5, 11, § 79.—

In the presence of any one, before:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar, mater mea?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9: idque gratum fuisse advorsum te habeo gratiam, I am thankful that this is acceptable before ( to) thee, Ter. And. 1, 1, 15: paululum adversus praesentem fortitudinem mollitus, somewhat softened at such firmness (of his wife), Tac. A. 15, 63.—Hence very often with verbs of speaking, answering, complaining, etc., to declare or express one's self to any one, to excuse one's self or apologize, and the like: te oportet hoc proloqui advorsum illam mihi, Enn. ap. Non. 232, 24 (Trag. v. 385 Vahl.):

immo si audias, quae dicta dixit me advorsum tibi,

what he told me of you, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 47: de vita ac morte domini fabulavere advorsum fratrem illius, Afran. ap. Non. 232, 25:

mulier, credo, advorsum illum res suas conqueritur,

Titin. ib. 232, 21:

utendum est excusatione etiam adversus eos, quos invitus offendas,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68; Tac. A. 3, 71.— With that to which a reply is made, to (= ad):

adversus ea consul... respondit,

Liv. 4, 10, 12; 22, 40, 1; cf. Drak. ad 3, 57, 1.—

In comparison, as if one thing were held toward, set against, or before another (v. ad, I. D. 4.); against, in comparison with, compared to:

repente lectus adversus veterem imperatorem comparabitur,

will be compared with, Liv. 24, 8, 8:

quid autem esse duo prospera bella Samnitium adversus tot decora populi Rom.,

id. 7, 32, 8.—

Of demeanor toward one, to, toward:

quonam modo me gererem adversus Caesarem,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 11:

te adversus me omnia audere gratum est,

i. e. on my account, on my behalf, for my advantage, id. ib. 9, 22, 15:

lentae adversum imperia aures,

Tac. A. 1, 65.—Esp. often of friendly feeling, love, esteem, respect toward or for one (cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 22; Heusing. ad Cic. Off. 1, 11, 1;

Hab. Syn. 49): est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 116; id. Off. 3, 6, 28:

adhibenda est igitur quaedam reverentia adversus homines,

id. ib. 1, 28, 99 Beier:

sunt quaedam officia adversus eos servanda, a quibus injuriam acceperis,

id. ib. 1, 11, 33:

adversus merita ingratissimus,

Vell. 2, 69, 5:

summa adversus alios aequitas erat,

Liv. 3, 33, 8:

ob egregiam fidem adversus Romanos,

id. 29, 8, 2; so id. 45, 8, 4 al.:

beneficentiā adversus supplices utendum,

Tac. A. 11, 17.— More rarely

of the general relation of an object or act to a person or thing (v. ad, I. D. 1.), in relation, in respect, or in regard to a thing:

epistula, ut adversus magistrum morum, modestior,

as addressed to a censor of manners, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 8:

quasi adversus eos acquieverit sententiae,

in regard to the same, Dig. 49, 1; 3, 1.—

In a hostile sense, against (the most usual class. signif. of this word): “Contra et adversus ita differunt, quod contra, ad locum, ut: contra basilicam; adversus, ad animi motum, ut: adversus illum facio; interdum autem promiscue accipitur,” Charis. p. 207 P.; cf. Cort. ad Sall. J. 101, 8:

advorsum legem accepisti a plurimis pecuniam,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 48:

advorsum te fabulare illud,

against thy interest, to thy disadvantage, id. Stich. 4, 2, 11:

stultus est advorsus aetatem et capitis canitudinem, id. ap. Fest. s. v. canitudinem, p. 47: advorsum animi tui libidinem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:

adversum leges, adversum rem publicam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195:

respondebat, SI PARET, ADVERSUM EDICTUM FECISSE,

id. ib. 2, 3, 28, §

69: me adversus populum Romanum possem defendere,

id. Phil. 1, 13 al. —In the histt., of a hostile attack, approach, etc.:

gladiis districtis impetum adversus montem in cohortes faciunt,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

adversus se non esse missos exercitus,

Liv. 3, 66:

bellum adversum Xerxem moret,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 3:

copiis quibus usi adversus Romanum bellum,

Liv. 8, 2, 5:

adversus vim atque injuriam pugnantes,

id. 26, 25, 10 al.:

T. Quintius adversus Gallos missus est,

Eutr. 2, 2: Athenienses adversus tantam tempestatem belli duos duces deligunt, Just. 3, 6, 12 al.—Among physicians, of preventives against sickness, against (v. ad, I. A. 2.):

adversus profusionem in his auxilium est,

Cels. 5, 26; 6, 27 al.:

frigidus jam artus et cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,

Tac. A. 15, 64.— Trop.:

egregium adversus tempestates receptaculum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4; so id. ib. 2, 15, 36.—Hence: firmus, invictus, fortis adversus aliquid (like contra), protected against a thing, firm, fixed, secure:

advorsum divitias animum invictum gerebat,

Sall. J. 43, 5:

invictus adversum gratiam animus,

Tac. A. 15, 21:

adversus convicia malosque rumores firmus ac patiens,

Suet. Tib. 28:

Adversus omnes fortis feras canis,

Phaedr. 5, 10, 1; and in opp. sense: infirmus, inferior adversus aliquid, powerless against, unequal to:

fama, infirmissimum adversus vivos fortes telum,

Curt. 4, 14:

infirmus adversum pecuniam,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 6:

inferior adversus laborem,

id. Epit. 40, 20.

Adversus is rarely put after the word which it governs:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9:

hunc adversus,

Nep. Con. 2, 2; id. Tim. 4, 3:

quos advorsum ierat,

Sall. J. 101, 8.—

It sometimes suffers tmesis:

Labienum ad Oceanum versus proficisci jubet,

Caes. B. G. 6, 33:

animadvortit fugam ad se vorsum fieri,

Sall. J. 58:

animum advortere ad se vorsum exercitum pergere,

id. ib. 69: ad Cordubam versus iter facere coepit, Auct. B. Hisp. 10 and 11; cf. in-versus:

in Galliam vorsus castra movere,

Sall. C. 56; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 78; the Eng. to-ward: to us ward, Psa. 40, 5; and the Gr. eis-de: eis halade, Hom. Od. 10, 351.