first-

A a.

1 primo: the first comer, il primo venuto; a first coat of paint, una prima mano di vernice; the first officer of a ship, il primo ufficiale di bordo; the first two [three], i primi due [tre]; at first light, alle prime luci dell'alba

2 primo; più importante; principale: the first scientists in Europe, gli scienziati più importanti in Europa

B avv.

1 per primo; primo: ( sport) to come in first, arrivare primo

2 prima; per prima cosa: I must speak with him first, prima (o per prima cosa) devo parlare con lui; first of all, prima di tutto; per prima cosa; innanzitutto

3 (per) la prima volta: When did you first hear about it?, quando ne hai sentito parlare la prima volta?; when we first met, la prima volta che ci siamo incontrati; quando ci siamo conosciuti

4 inizialmente; all'inizio: when I first arrived, quando arrivai; all'inizio

5 piuttosto: He said he would die first, disse che piuttosto sarebbe morto

C n.

1 (il) primo; (la) prima: I was the first to see him, sono stato il primo a vederlo; They are the first to complain, sono i primi a protestare; Henry the First, Enrico primo

2 ( nelle date) –: April 1st, il 1 aprile

3 (in GB) laurea col massimo dei voti: to get a first in history, laurearsi in storia col massimo dei voti

4 (in GB) laureato col massimo dei voti

5 primo esempio (di qc.); primo caso; primato: to score a first, mettere a segno un primato

6 (autom.) prima ( marcia o velocità)

7 primo premio

8 ( USA, baseball) prima base

● (med.) first aid, pronto soccorso □ first-aid kit, cassetta di pronto soccorso □ first-aid station, posto di pronto soccorso □ first-aid training, addestramento al pronto soccorso □ first and foremost, soprattutto; anzitutto □ first and last, soprattutto □ first base, ( sport: baseball) prima base; (fig. USA) fase iniziale, primo stadio □ first best, ottimale; ideale; (econ.) ‘first best’: a first-best setting, un contesto ideale; (econ.) a first-best equilibrium, un equilibrio di first best □ first-born, il primo nato ( di figli); primogenito □ (geol.) first bottom, fondovalle fluviale □ first class, (sost.) (ferr., aeron.) prima classe; (rif. a corrispondenza, in GB) posta prioritaria; (market.) prima qualità ( di merce): to travel first class, viaggiare in prima classe; to send a letter first class, spedire una lettera per posta prioritaria □ first-class, (agg.) (ferr., aeron.) di prima classe; (fig.) di prima qualità; eccellente; ( di corrispondenza) di posta prioritaria: a first-class seat, un posto di prima classe; a first-class hotel, un albergo di prima categoria; un albergo eccellente; (in GB) first-class honours (degree), laurea col massimo dei voti; first-class mail, posta prioritaria; first-class stamp, francobollo di posta prioritaria □ first-degree, (med.) di primo grado: first-degree burns, ustioni di primo grado; (leg., in USA) first-degree murder, omicidio di primo grado □ (anat.) first finger, (dito) indice □ first floor, (in GB) primo piano; (in USA) pianterreno □ (in Scozia) first-footer, il primo ospite che entra in una casa dopo la mezzanotte dell'ultimo dell'anno □ (in Scozia) first-footing, visita per gli auguri di Capodanno □ first fruits, primizie; (fig.) primi frutti del proprio lavoro □ (autom.) first gear, prima (marcia) □ ( anche fig.) first-generation, della (o di) prima generazione □ ( sport) first half, primo tempo ( di una partita in due tempi) □ (rag.) first in, first out ► FIFO □ (in USA) first lady, moglie del Presidente degli USA; ( anche) moglie del Governatore di uno Stato della Federazione □ first language, lingua madre; madrelingua □ (mil., in USA) □ First Lieutenant, tenente □ first mate, primo ufficiale; secondo (di bordo) □ First Minister, primo ministro (in Irlanda del Nord, Scozia e Galles) □ (tur., di biglietto aereo, combinazione, ecc.) first-minute, first minute ( acquistato con forte sconto molto prima della partenza) □ (comm., econ.) first mover, pioniere; ‘first mover’: first-mover advantage, vantaggio della prima mossa □ first name, nome proprio; nome di battesimo: to be on first name terms with sb., chiamare per nome q.; dare del tu a q. □ ( Canada) First Nations, Prime Nazioni ( nome collettivo per la popolazione indigena del Canada) □ (teatr., cinem.) first night, prima; première (franc.) □ first-nighter, assiduo (spettatore) di prime teatrali (o cinematografiche) □ (fin.) first of exchange, prima di cambio; prima copia di una cambiale □ (fam.) first off, per prima cosa; in primo luogo (correlato con next off, ► next) □ (leg.) first offender, reo incensurato; chi delinque per la prima volta □ first officer, (naut.) = first mate ► sopra; (aeron.) secondo pilota □ first or last, prima o poi; presto o tardi □ first-order, di prim'ordine; di prima classe □ first past the post, (ipp.) primo al traguardo; (fig., polit., in GB) sistema uninominale a un turno (o a scrutinio unico), uninominale secca; sistema maggioritario a maggioranza semplice □ ( Canada) First Peoples = First Nations ► sopra □ (gramm. e fig.) first person, prima persona: written in the first person, scritto in prima persona □ first-rate, di prima qualità; di prim'ordine; di primaria importanza □ (polit.) first reading, prima lettura ( di un disegno di legge) □ (leg., market.) first refusal, diritto di prelazione; (diritto di) opzione □ ( USA) first respondent, addetto al primo intervento ( polizia, vigili del fuoco, ecc.) □ ( USA) first response, primo intervento □ (cinem., USA) first run, prima visione: a first-run theater, un cinema di prima visione □ first school, primo triennio delle elementari □ (polit.) First Secretary, primo ministro ( nel Galles, dal 1998 al 2000) □ first shift, primo turno; turno di giorno □ (cinem.) first show, prima visione □ (autom.) first speed, prima (velocità) □ (mil.) first strike, attacco di sorpresa □ (mil., fis. nucl.) first-strike weapon, arma per attacco di sorpresa □ first string, (mus.) primo violino; (fig., sport) i titolari ( di una squadra) □ first-string, di prim'ordine; di prima qualità: a first-string scientist, uno scienziato di prim'ordine □ first team player, titolare □ (fam.) first thing (tomorrow), per prima cosa (domattina) □ First things first, cominciamo dalle cose più importanti □ first-time buyer, acquirente della prima casa □ first-timer, chi fa qc. per la prima volta; esordiente □ (naut.) first watch, prima comandata ( turno di guardia dalle 8 di sera a mezzanotte) □ (econ.) the First World, i paesi a economia forte; i paesi industrializzati □ at first, in principio; dapprima; sulle prime □ at first hand, di prima mano □ at first sight (o view, blush), a prima vista □ from first to last, dall'inizio alla fine; da cima a fondo □ from the first, fin dal principio □ in the first instance (o place), in primo luogo; prima di tutto; innanzi tutto □ (fam.) not to have the first idea, non avere la più pallida idea □ not to know the first thing about st., non sapere niente di qc.; non intendersene minimamente di qc. □ of the first water, ( di pietra preziosa) di acqua purissima; (fig.) della più bell'acqua □ (prov.) First come, first served, chi primo arriva è servito per primo; ( anche) chi tardi arriva male alloggia: DIALOGO → - Parent-teacher meeting- It's first come first served this time, questa volta funziona in base all'ordine di arrivo.

first [fɜ:st]

1. adjective

• the first of May le premier mai

• the twenty-first time la vingt et unième fois

• Charles the First Charles Ier

• first principles principes mpl premiers

• they won for the first and last time in 1992 ils ont gagné une seule et unique fois en 1992

• there's always a first time il y a un début à tout

• she doesn't know the first thing about it elle n'y connaît rien

• he went out first thing this morning il est sorti très tôt ce matin

• I'll do it first thing in the morning je le ferai demain à la première heure

• first things first! les choses importantes d'abord !

• first fruits premiers résultats

2. adverb

   a. ( = at first) d'abord ; ( = firstly) premièrement ; ( = in the beginning) au début ; ( = as a preliminary) tout d'abord

• when we first met la première fois que nous nous sommes rencontrés

• when we first lived here quand nous sommes venus habiter ici

• first separate the eggs séparez d'abord les jaunes des blancs

• first of all tout d'abord

• first and foremost en tout premier lieu

• he's a patriot first and a socialist second il est patriote avant d'être socialiste

• she arrived first elle est arrivée la première

• to come first ( = arrive) arriver le premier ; (in exam, competition) être reçu premier

• my family comes first ma famille passe avant tout

• one's health comes first il faut penser à sa santé d'abord

• I must finish this first il faut que je termine ça d'abord

   b. ( = for the first time) pour la première fois

   c. ( = in preference) plutôt

• I'd die first! plutôt mourir !

3. noun

   a. premier m, - ière f

• they were the first to come ils sont arrivés les premiers

• another first for Britain ( = achievement) une nouvelle première pour la Grande-Bretagne

• first in, first out premier entré, premier sorti

• from first to last du début à la fin

• the first I heard of it was when... la première fois que j'en ai entendu parler, c'est quand...

► at first d'abord au début

   b. ( = first gear) première f (vitesse)

• in first en première

   c. (British) ( = degree) he got a first ≈ il a eu sa licence avec mention très bien

4. compounds

► first aid noun premiers secours mpl or soins mpl

• to give first aid donner les premiers soins or secours ► first aider noun secouriste mf

► first-aid kit noun trousse f de premiers secours

► first-born adjective noun

► first cousin noun cousin (e) m(f) germain

► first edition noun première édition f

► first-ever adjective tout premier

► the first family noun (US) la famille du président

► first floor noun

• on the first floor (British) au premier (étage) ; (US) au rez-de-chaussée ► first form noun (British) ≈ (classe f de) sixième f

► first-generation adjective de première génération

• he's a first-generation American c'est un Américain de la première génération ► first grade noun (US) cours m préparatoire

► first-hand adjective [news, information] de première main

► first lady noun (US) première dame f des États-Unis (ou personne servant d'hôtesse à sa place)

► first language noun première langue f

► first lieutenant noun (British) (in navy) lieutenant m de vaisseau ; (US) (in air force) lieutenant m

► First Minister noun (in Scotland) chef du gouvernement régional écossais

► first minister noun Premier ministre m

► first name noun prénom m

• my first name is Ellis mon prénom est Ellis ► first-name adjective

• to be on first-name terms with sb appeler qn par son prénom ► first officer noun second m

► first night noun (Theatre etc) première f

► first-past-the-post system noun système m majoritaire à un tour

► first-rate adjective excellent

• to do a first-rate job faire un excellent travail ► First Secretary noun (in Wales) chef du gouvernement régional gallois

► first-time buyer noun accédant m à la propriété

► the First World War noun la Première Guerre mondiale

► first-timer (inf) noun

( = novice) débutant (e) m(f)

► first year noun (at university) première année f ; ( = student) étudiant (e) m(f) de première année

* * *

1) (of series, group) premier/première m/f ( to do à faire)

2) ( of month)

3) First ( in titles)

4) ( initial moment)

5) ( beginning) début m

6) ( new experience) première f

7) Automobile ( gear) première f; gear

8) GB University ( degree) ≈ mention f très bien (à la licence)

1) (of series, group) premier/-ière (before n)

2) ( in phrases)

3) ( slightest)

1) ( before others) [arrive, leave] le premier/la première

2) ( to begin with) d'abord

3) ( for the first time) pour la première fois

4) ( rather) plutôt

••

1. First adj

attr, inv (Am)

\First baby/ cat Baby nt /Katze f des Präsidenten;

the \First couple der Präsident und die First Lady;

the \First marriage die Ehe des Präsidenten

2. first [fɜ:st, Am fɜ:rst] adj erste(r, s);

at \First appearance auf den ersten Blick;

in the \First flush of youth in der ersten Jugendblüte ( poet)

he's no longer in the \First flush of youth er ist nicht mehr ganz taufrisch ( hum)

\First impressions der erste Eindruck;

\First option [or refusal] Vorkaufsrecht nt;

it won't be the \First time that... es wäre nicht das erste Mal, dass...;

for the \First time zum ersten Mal;

\First thing als Allererstes;

I'll do that \First thing tomorrow ich mache das morgen als Allererstes;

it was the \First thing that came into my head es war das Erstbeste, das mir einfiel;

the \First ever ( fam) der/die/das Allererste;

when was the \First ever radio broadcast made? wann wurde die allererste Rundfunksendung gemacht?

\First among equals Primus inter pares ( geh)

in the \First place ( at beginning) zunächst [einmal], an erster Stelle;

( from the beginning) von vornherein;

( most importantly) in erster Linie;

to not know the \First thing about sth von etw dat keinen blassen Schimmer haben ( fam)

\First things \First eins nach dem anderen;

to take \First things \First Prioritäten setzen adv

1) ( before doing something else) zuerst, als Erstes;

\First of all zu[aller]erst;

\First off ( fam) erst [einmal]

2) (before other things, people) als Erste(r, s);

head \First mit dem Kopf voraus;

to leave \First als Erster gehen

3) ( rather) lieber;

I would die \First ( fam) lieber [o eher] würde ich sterben

\First come \First served (\First served) wer zuerst kommt, mahlt zuerst ( prov)

\First and foremost vor allem;

\First and last in erster Linie n

1) ( that before others)

the \First der/die/das Erste;

to be the \First to do sth etw als Erster/Erste tun;

he was one of the \First to climb this mountain er hat als einer der Ersten diesen Berg bestiegen

2) ( of monarchs)

William the F\First Wilhelm der Erste

3) ( start)

at \First anfangs, zuerst;

from the [very] \First von Anfang an

4) ( top-quality product) Spitzenerzeugnis nt; ( achievement) Errungenschaft f;

this new surgical technique is a \First for Britain diese neue Operationstechnik sichert Großbritannien einen Spitzenplatz

5) ( Brit) univ Eins f;

she's got a \First in English sie hat Englisch mit einer Eins [o [der Note] „sehr gut“] bestanden

6) auto der erste Gang;

to put the car in \First den ersten Gang einlegen

1. First adj

attr, inv (Am)

\first baby/ cat Baby nt /Katze f des Präsidenten;

the \first couple der Präsident und die First Lady;

the \first marriage die Ehe des Präsidenten

2. first [fɜ:st, Am fɜ:rst] adj erste(r, s);

at \first appearance auf den ersten Blick;

in the \first flush of youth in der ersten Jugendblüte ( poet)

he's no longer in the \first flush of youth er ist nicht mehr ganz taufrisch ( hum)

\first impressions der erste Eindruck;

\first option [or refusal] Vorkaufsrecht nt;

it won't be the \first time that... es wäre nicht das erste Mal, dass...;

for the \first time zum ersten Mal;

\first thing als Allererstes;

I'll do that \first thing tomorrow ich mache das morgen als Allererstes;

it was the \first thing that came into my head es war das Erstbeste, das mir einfiel;

the \first ever ( fam) der/die/das Allererste;

when was the \first ever radio broadcast made? wann wurde die allererste Rundfunksendung gemacht?

\first among equals Primus inter pares ( geh)

in the \first place ( at beginning) zunächst [einmal], an erster Stelle;

( from the beginning) von vornherein;

( most importantly) in erster Linie;

to not know the \first thing about sth von etw dat keinen blassen Schimmer haben ( fam)

\first things \first eins nach dem anderen;

to take \first things \first Prioritäten setzen adv

1) ( before doing something else) zuerst, als Erstes;

\first of all zu[aller]erst;

\first off ( fam) erst [einmal]

2) (before other things, people) als Erste(r, s);

head \first mit dem Kopf voraus;

to leave \first als Erster gehen

3) ( rather) lieber;

I would die \first ( fam) lieber [o eher] würde ich sterben

\first come \first served (\first served) wer zuerst kommt, mahlt zuerst ( prov)

\first and foremost vor allem;

\first and last in erster Linie n

1) ( that before others)

the \first der/die/das Erste;

to be the \first to do sth etw als Erster/Erste tun;

he was one of the \first to climb this mountain er hat als einer der Ersten diesen Berg bestiegen

2) ( of monarchs)

William the F\first Wilhelm der Erste

3) ( start)

at \first anfangs, zuerst;

from the [very] \first von Anfang an

4) ( top-quality product) Spitzenerzeugnis nt; ( achievement) Errungenschaft f;

this new surgical technique is a \first for Britain diese neue Operationstechnik sichert Großbritannien einen Spitzenplatz

5) ( Brit) univ Eins f;

she's got a \first in English sie hat Englisch mit einer Eins [o [der Note] „sehr gut“] bestanden

6) auto der erste Gang;

to put the car in \first den ersten Gang einlegen

first [fɜ:st]

1. num. ord. пе́рвый;

2. a

1) пе́рвый; ра́нний;

first thing пе́рвым де́лом

;

I'll do it first thing in the morning я пе́рвым де́лом за́втра займу́сь э́тим

;

to come first прийти́ пе́рвым

;

they were the first to come они́ пришли́ пе́рвыми

;

2) пе́рвый, выдаю́щийся; значи́тельный;

3) пе́рвый, веду́щий;

◊

F. Commoner спи́кер ( в палате общин до 1919 г.)

;

F. Sea Lord пе́рвый морско́й лорд, нача́льник гла́вного морско́го шта́ба ( Англии)

;

first water чисте́йшей воды́ ( о бриллиантах)

;

3. n

1) (the first) челове́к или предме́т, упомина́емый или появля́ющийся пе́рвым

2) нача́ло;

at first сперва́; на пе́рвых пора́х, внача́ле

;

from the first с са́мого нача́ла

;

3) (the first) пе́рвое число́

4) вы́сшая оце́нка ( на экзамене)

5) челове́к, получи́вший вы́сшую оце́нку

6) pl това́ры вы́сшего ка́чества

7) са́мая высо́кая па́ртия в музыка́льной пье́се или са́мый высо́кий го́лос в анса́мбле

4. adv

1) сперва́, снача́ла;

2) в пе́рвую о́чередь

3) впервы́е;

4) скоре́е, предпочти́тельно

◊

first and last в о́бщем и це́лом

;

first, last and all the time реши́тельно и бесповоро́тно; раз и навсегда́

;

FIFO ECON, FIN FIFO-Verfahren nt; (redundancy policy) Personalpolitik f nach der FIFO-Methode; (accounting policy) FIFO-Abschreibungsmethode f; COMPUT FIFO-Methode f, wie eingetroffen

FILO COMPUT Filo-Methode f; TECH, ECON Stapelspeicher m

First m BAUT ridge

first adj erster (in der Reihenfolge); erstklassig

First [fɪrst]

Substantiv Maskulin

<-(e)s, -e>

1 dig (Dach) caballete Maskulin

2 dig (Gipfel) cumbre Feminin

First m, -e 1. poet планински гребен; 2. Arch било (на покрив); 3. таван, капак (на рудничен забой).

* * *

der, -e било на покрив.

First m <Firsts; Firste> (Dachfirst) mahya

First <-[e]s, -e> [fɪrst] m

roof ridge, crest of a/the roof

First

Fị rst [fɪrst] <-[e]s, -e>

Substantiv Maskulin

faîte Maskulin