example

grātĭa, ae, f. [gratus; lit., favor, both that in which one stands with others and that which one shows to others].

(Acc. to gratus, I.) Favor which one finds with others, esteem, regard, liking, love, friendship (syn. favor):

pluris pauciorum gratiam faciunt pars hominum quam id quod prosint pluribus,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 12:

perspicio nihili meam vos facere gratiam,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 68:

ut majores ejus (Plancii) summum in praefectura florentissima gradum tenuerint et dignitatis et gratiae,

Cic. Planc. 13, 32; cf.:

Sex. Roscius gratia atque hospitiis florens hominum nobilissimorum,

id. Rosc. Am. 6, 15:

deinde si maxime talis est deus, ut nulla gratia, nulla hominum caritate teneatur, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 44, 124:

neque quo Cn. Pompeii gratiam mihi per hanc causam conciliari putem,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70; cf.:

aliquem restituere in gratiam,

id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23:

aliquem restituere in ejus veterem gratiam,

id. Att. 1, 3, 3:

in gratiam reducere,

id. Rab. Post. 8, 19; cf.

also: cum aliquo in gratiam redire,

to reconcile one's self with one, id. Att. 1, 14, 7; Nep. Alcib. 5, 1; id. Thras. 3 fin.; id. Dat. 8, 5 al.:

alicujus gratiam sequi,

Caes. B. C. 1, 1, 3; cf.:

si suam gratiam Romani velint, posse eis utiles esse amicos,

id. B. G. 4, 7, 4:

ab aliquo inire gratiam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 46, § 113:

a bonis omnibus summam inire gratiam,

id. Att. 7, 9, 3:

magnam inire gratiam,

id. Fin. 4, 12, 31:

quantam eo facto ad plebem inierat gratiam,

Liv. 33, 46, 7:

apud regem gratiam initam volebant,

id. 36, 5, 3:

at te apud eum, dii boni, quanta in gratia posui!

Cic. Att. 6, 6, 4; cf. id. ib. 5, 11, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 6 fin.;

with a different construction: apud Lentulum ponam te in gratiam (Ern. conj. in gratia),

Cic. Att. 5, 3, 3:

cum aliquo in laude et in gratia esse,

id. Verr. 1, 17, 51; cf. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2:

inter vos sic haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17 Ruhnk.:

plerique (in divortio) cum bona gratia discedunt,

Dig. 24, 1, 32, § 10;

without bona: cum istuc quod postulo impetro cum gratia,

with a good grace, Ter. And. 2, 5, 11:

omnia quae potui in hac summa tua gratia ac potentia a te impetrare,

credit, influence, Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 5; cf.:

Iccius Remus, summa nobilitate et gratia inter suos,

Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 4; 1, 43, 8:

gratiā plurimum posse,

id. ib. 1, 9, 3; 1, 20, 2; cf.:

quantum gratia, auctoritate, pecunia valent,

id. ib. 7, 63, 1:

gratiā valere,

id. B. C. 2, 44, 1:

inproba quamvis Gratia fallaci praetoris vicerit urna,

Juv. 13, 4:

quem triumphum magis gratiae quam rerum gestarum magnitudini datum constabat,

Liv. 40, 59, 1.—In plur.:

L. Murenae provincia multas bonas gratias cum optima existimatione attulit,

tokens of favor, Cic. Mur. 20, 42:

cum haec res plurimas gratias, firmissimas amicitias pariat,

id. ib. 11, 24:

non hominum potentium studio, non excellentibus gratiis paucorum, sed universi populi Romani judicio consulem factum,

id. Agr. 2, 3, 7.—

Transf., objectively, like the Gr. charis, agreeableness, pleasantness, charm, beauty, loveliness, grace (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

esp. freq. in Quint.): gratia formae,

Ov. M. 7, 44; Suet. Tit. 3:

corporis,

id. Vit. 3; id. Vit. Ter. 1; Plin. 28, 19, 79, § 260:

quid ille gratiae in vultu ostenderit,

Quint. 6 prooem. § 7; cf. id. 6, 3, 26:

unica nec desit jocundis gratia verbis,

charm, Prop. 1, 2, 29; cf.: neque abest facundis gratia dictis, Ov. M. 13, 127:

plenus est jucunditatis et gratiae (Horatius),

Quint. 10, 1, 96:

sermonis Attici,

id. ib. 65;

12, 10, 35: dicendi,

id. 9, 3, 74:

brevitatis novitatisque,

id. ib. 58:

omnis bene scriptorum,

id. 11, 2, 46 et saep.; Cels. 4, 29 med.:

uvis et vinis gratiam affert fumus fabrilis,

Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 16; id. 17, 9, 6, § 53. —Hence,

As a nom. propr.: Grātiae, ārum, f., a transl. of the Gr. Charites, the goddesses of favor, loveliness, grace, etc., the three Graces, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, and Thalia, daughters of Jupiter and Eurynome, Sen. Ben. 1, 3, 3; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 720; Hor. C. 1, 4, 6; 1, 30, 6; 3, 19, 16; 3, 21, 22; Quint. 10, 1, 82.—In sing.: Grātia, ae, collect., Ov. M. 6, 429.

Favor which one shows to another, mark of favor, kindness, courtesy, service, obligation.

In gen. (rare): ita mihi Telamonis patris, avi Aeaci et proavi Jovis grata est gratia, Enn. ap. Non. 85, 23 (Trag. v. 367 Vahl.):

ergo ab eo petito gratiam istam,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 63; cf.:

gratiam a patre si petimus, spero ab eo impetrassere,

id. Stich. 1, 2, 23:

petivit in beneficii loco et gratiae, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 189; cf.:

quod beneficii gratiaeque causa concessit,

id. ib. 2, 3, 48 fin.:

hanc gratiam ut sibi des,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 30:

juris jurandi volo gratiam facias,

excuse, release, Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 59; cf.:

alicui delicti gratiam facere,

to grant pardon, forgive, Sall. J. 104 fin. Kritz.:

qui mihi atque animo meo nullius umquam delicti gratiam fecissem,

id. Cat. 52, 8; cf.

also: quibus senatus belli Lepidani gratiam fecerat,

id. Fragm. 3, 34 Gerl.:

alii ipsi professi se pugnaturos in gratiam ducis,

to please, for the sake of, Liv. 28, 21, 4; cf.:

deletam urbem cernimus eorum, quorum in gratiam Saguntum deleverat Hannibal,

id. 28, 39, 12 Drak.:

in gratiam alicujus,

id. 35, 2, 6; 39, 26, 12; Vell. 2, 41, 2; Suet. Tib. 49 al.; cf.

also: data visceratio in praeteritam judicii gratiam,

for the favor shown him on the trial, Liv. 8, 22, 4:

nil ibi majorum respectus, gratia nulla umbrarum,

Juv. 8, 64.—

In partic., a mark of favor shown for a service rendered, thanks (by word or deed), thankfulness, gratitude; acknowledgment, return, requital (the form with agere of returning thanks is the plur., but with habere, referre, debere, nearly always in sing.; but when thanks are due to or rendered by more than one person, the form gratias referre, etc., may be used; v. infra., and cf. Krebs. Antibarb. p. 505):

quae (gratia) in memoria et remuneratione officiorum et honoris et amicitiarum observantiam teneat,

Cic. Inv. 2, 22, 66; cf.:

gratia est, in qua amicitiarum et officiorum alterius memoria et remunerandi voluntas continetur,

id. ib. 2, 53, 161:

immortales ago tibi gratias agamque dum vivam: nam relaturum me affirmare non possum,

id. Fam. 10, 11, 1; cf.:

renuntiate, gratias regi me agere: referre gratiam aliam nunc non posse, quam ut suadeam, ne, etc.,

Liv. 37, 37, 8 (v. ago):

dīs gratias agere... si referre studeant gratias,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 26 sq.:

L. Lucceius meus, homo omnium gratissimus, mirificas tibi apud me gratias egit, cum diceret, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 13, 42, 1:

eique amplissimis verbis per senatus consultum gratias egimus,

id. Phil. 1, 1, 3:

Lentulo nostro egi per litteras tuo nomine gratias diligenter,

id. Fam. 1, 10:

justissimas gratias agere,

id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

quamquam gratiarum actionem a te non desiderabam, etc.,

id. Fam. 10, 19, 1:

nunc tecum sic agam, tulisse ut potius injuriam, quam retulisse gratiam videar,

to have made a return, requital, recompense, id. Sull. 16, 47 fin.:

magno meo beneficio affecti cumulatissime mihi gratiam retulerunt,

id. Fam. 13, 4, 1:

praeclaram vero populo Romano refers gratiam,

id. Cat. 1, 11, 28:

ut pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores eis habeantur gratiaeque referantur,

id. Phil. 3, 15, 39; cf. id. ib. 3, 10, 25:

me omnibus, si minus referenda gratia satisfacere potuerim, at praedicanda et habenda certe satis esse facturum,

if I cannot requite... I can extol, id. Balb. 1, 2; cf.: nimirum inops ille, si bonus est vir, etiam si referre gratiam non potest, habere certe potest. Commode autem quicumque dixit, pecuniam qui habeat, non reddidisse; qui reddiderit, non habere: gratiam autem et qui retulerit, habere et qui habeat retulisse, id. Off. 2, 20, 69; id. Planc. 28, 68; cf. id. ib. 42, 101; id. Fam. 5, 11, 1:

gratias habere,

Liv. 24, 37, 7:

alicui summas gratias habere,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 33:

alicui maximas infinitasque agere atque habere gratias, quod, etc.,

Vitr. 6 praef. 4:

merito vestro maximas vobis gratias omnes et agere et habere debemus,

Cic. Phil. 3, 10, 25:

meritam dīs immortalibus gratiam justis honoribus et memori mente persolvere,

id. Planc. 33, 80:

pro beneficio gratiam repetere,

Liv. 1, 47, 7:

gratias ob hoc agere, quod, etc.,

Liv. 54, 50, 4; so with ob, Plin. Ep. 9, 31, 21; Treb. Pol. Trig. Tyr. 10, 9:

pro tuo summo beneficio gratias agere,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16; Liv. 23, 11, 12; Plin, Pan. 25, 1; cf. Gell. 9, 3, 5:

dum carmine nostro Redditur agricolis gratia caelitibus,

Tib. 2, 1, 36; cf.:

hoc certe justitiae convenit suum cuique reddere, beneficio gratiam, injuriae talionem aut certe malam gratiam,

Sen. Ep. 81 med.;

rarely: in gratiam habere (=ita accipere, ut ad gratiam comparandam valere putet),

to accept as thankworthy, Sall. J. 111, 1:

unum vis curem: curo. Et est dīs gratia, Cum ita, ut volo, est,

I thank, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 58; cf.: Er. Eamus intro, ut prandeamus. Me. Bene vocas: tam gratia est, no, I'm much obliged to you (the negative being omitted, as in the Fr. je vous remercie, and the Germ. ich danke sehr), Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 36.—Ellipt.: fores effregit? restituentur;

discidit Vestem? resarcietur: est, dīs gratia, Et unde haec fiant, et adhuc non molesta sunt,

thank Heaven, Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 41.—With acc. and inf. (anteclass. and post-Aug.):

dīs gratias agebat, tempus sibi dari, etc.,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 2, 6; Tac. H. 4, 64; cf. Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 4; id. And. 1, 1, 15.—Hence, as adverbs:

grātĭā (acc. to II. A.), lit., in favor of, on account of, for the sake of; hence, in gen., on account of (usually placed after the gen., in Quint. a few times before it; cf.: causa, ergo).

With gen.:

sed neque longioribus quam oportet hyperbatis compositioni serviamus, ne quae ejus gratia fecerimus, propter eam fecisse videamur,

lest what we have done to embellish the style we should seem to have done merely on account of the construction we had chosen, Quint. 9, 4, 144:

tantum abest, ut haec bestiarum etiam causa parata sint, ut ipsas bestias hominum gratia generatas esse videamus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158: tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti gratia, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 69 (Trag. v. 316 Vahl.); cf.:

honoris gratia nomino,

Cic. Quint. 7, 28:

nuptiarum gratia haec sunt ficta atque incepta omnia,

Ter. And. 5, 1, 17:

simulabat sese negotii gratia properare,

Sall. J. 76, 1: hominem occisum esse constat;

non praedae gratia: quia inspoliatus est,

Quint. 7, 1, 33; cf.:

hereditatis gratia,

id. 5, 12, 5:

quem censores senatu probri gratia moverant,

Sall. C. 23, 1:

profectus gratia dicere,

Quint. 2, 10, 9:

brevitatis gratia,

id. 4, 2, 43:

decoris gratia,

id. 8, 6, 65:

difficultatis gratia,

id. 9, 2, 77:

aut invidiae gratia... aut miserationis,

id. 9, 2, 8:

praesentis gratia litis,

id. 2, 7, 4 al. —With gerund.: duxit me uxorem liberorum sibi quaesendum gratia, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 258 Müll. (Trag. v. 161 Vahl.):

ut aut voluptates omittantur majorum voluptatum adipiscendarum causa, aut dolores suscipiantur majorum dolorum effugiendorum gratia,

Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 36; cf. Caes. B. G. 7, 43, 2:

tentandi gratia,

Sall. J. 47, 2:

hiemandi gratia,

id. ib. 61, 3:

colloquendi gratia,

id. ib. 61, 4:

placandi gratia,

id. ib. 71, 5:

simulandi gratia,

id. ib. 37, 4:

sui exposcendi gratia,

Nep. Hann. 7, 6:

amplificandi gratia... vel miserandi,

Quint. 9, 3, 28:

elevandae invidiae gratia,

id. 5, 13, 40:

recuperandae dignitatis gratia,

id. 11, 1, 79:

vitandae similitudinis gratia,

id. 9, 1, 11 al. —Ellipt.: ejus generis hae sunt quaestiones. Si, exempli gratia, vir bonus Alexandria Rhodum magnum frumenti numerum advexerit, etc., for example, for instance (for the usual exempli causa; so,

verbi gratia, for verbi causa, infra),

Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50; so,

exempli gratia,

Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 110;

for which in full: pauca tamen exempli gratia ponam,

Quint. 6, 5, 6:

eorum unam discordiam ponemus exempli gratia,

Plin. 18, 25, 57, § 213:

propter aliam quampiam rem, verbi gratia propter voluptatem,

for instance, Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 30.—Placed before the [p. 826] gen.:

gratiā decoris,

Quint. 8 praef. §

18: compositionis,

id. 9, 4, 58:

lenitatis,

id. 9, 4, 144:

significationis,

id. 8, 6, 2.—

With pron. (mostly ante-class.):

meā gratiā,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 1, 64; id. Ps. 5, 2, 3:

qui nihil ocius venit tamen hac gratia,

id. Stich. 5, 1, 5; cf.:

abire istac gratia,

id. Ps. 1, 5, 138: (Medea) per agros passim dispergit corpus: id eā gratiā, Ut, etc., Poët. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 26, 67; so,

eā gratiā,

Ter. And. 3, 4, 8; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 20; id. Hec. 4, 3, 11:

sed huc qua gratia te arcessi jussi, ausculta,

id. Eun. 1, 2, 19; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 79:

id ea gratia eveniebat, quod nemo ex fuga regem sequitur,

Sall. J. 54, 4:

id ea gratia facilius fuit, quod, etc.,

id. ib. 80, 4.—

grā-tĭīs (always as a trisyll. in ante-class. poets; Pompon. Com. Fragm. v. 110 Rib.; Plaut. As. prol. 5; id. Ep. 3, 4, 38; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Charis. p. 1806; so in Cic. Verr. 2, 4 and 5 Halm), and contr., grātīs (since the class. per.; acc. to II. A.), lit., out of favor or kindness; hence, pregn., without recompense or reward, for nothing, gratuitously, gratis, proika (cf.:

gratuito, nequidquam, frustra): quae (psaltria) quantum potest Aliquo abicienda est, si non pretio, at gratiis,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 26; cf. Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 46:

si mihi dantur duo talenta argenti numerata in manum, Hanc tibi noctem honoris causa gratiis dono dabo,

id. As. 1, 3, 38 sq.:

quam introduxistis fidicinam, atque etiam fides, Ei quae accessere, tibi addam dono gratiis,

into the bargain, to boot, id. Ep. 3, 4, 38:

quae Romae magna cum infamia pretio accepto edixeras, ea sola te, ne gratis in provincia male audires, ex edicto Siciliensi sustulisse video,

Cic. Verr. 1, 46, 118:

hic primum questus est non leviter Saturius, communem factum esse gratis cum Roscio, qui pretio proprius fuisset Fanni,

id. Rosc. Com. 10, 27:

gratis dare alicui (opp. pretium accipere ab aliquo),

Mart. 14, 175, 2:

id me scis antea gratis tibi esse pollicitum. Quid nunc putas, tanta mihi abs te mercede proposita?

Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 3, § 7:

gratis rei publicae servire,

id. Clu. 26, 71:

tantum gratis pagina nostra placet,

Mart. 5, 16, 10:

virtutes omnes per se ipsas gratis diligere,

Cic. Fin. 2, 26, 83.—Opp. for payment:

is repente, ut Romam venit, gratis praetor factus est. Alia porro pecunia ne accusaretur data,

Cic. Verr. 1, 39, 101; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 19, §

48: habitent gratis in alieno?

id. Off. 2, 23, 83; so,

habitare in aedibus alienis,

Dig. 39, 5, 9:

habitationem cui dare,

free of cost, ib. 19, 2, 53, § 2; Mart. 10, 3, 11.

immŏlo ( inm-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [inmola].

Orig., to sprinkle a victim with sacrificial meal (mola salsa):

olim hostiae immolatae dicebantur mola salsa tactae, cum vero ictae et aliquid ex illis in aram datum, mactatae dicebantur,

Serv. ad Verg. A. 4, 57.—So only in one other example in Cato: boves immolati, Cato ap. Serv. Verg. A. 10, 541.—Far more freq. and class.,

Transf., to bring as an offering, to offer, sacrifice, immolate (cf. macto):

ego hodie dis meis iratissumis sex agnos immolavi,

Plaut. Poen. 2, 5:

Musis bovem immolasse dicitur,

Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 88:

bovem Dianae,

Liv. 1, 45, 7; cf.:

Dianae vitulum,

Cic. Inv. 2, 31, 94:

hostias,

id. Tusc. 3, 26, 63:

animalia capta,

Caes. B. G. 4, 17. 3:

agnum,

Hor. C. 4, 11, 7:

aut pro victimis homines immolant aut se immolaturos vovent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 16, 2:

homines,

Cic. Rep. 3, 9; id. Front. 10, 21:

filiam,

Quint. 3, 11, 6:

puerum,

Plin. 8, 22, 34, § 82:

qui hominem immolaverint, exve ejus sanguine litaverint, etc.,

Paul. Sent. 5, 23, 16: porca, quae Cereri immolatur, Veran. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 250 Müll.— Absol.:

cum Sulla immolaret ante praetorium,

Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72: nemo nostrum est, quin, etiam cum de alia re immolaret, tamen, etc., Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 2:

cum immolanti aufugisset hostia,

Suet. Caes. 59; 18; id. Aug. 95.— Pass. impers.: [p. 895] cum pluribus dis immolatur, Civ. Div. 2, 17, 38.—With abl. of the offering:

quibus hostiis immolandum cuique deo, cui majoribus, cui lactentibus, etc.,

Cic. Leg. 2, 12, 29: itaque Jovi tauro, verre, ariete immolari non licet, Capit. ap. Macr. S. 3, 10, 3; cf. ib. § 4.—

Poet., in a still more general sense, to sacrifice, slay:

Pallas te hoc vulnere, Pallas Immolat,

Verg. A. 12, 949:

inferias quos (juvenes) immolet umbris,

id. ib. 10, 519; Phaedr. 4, 6, 10.—

(Eccl. Lat.) To present as an offering, render:

humilitatem animae suae deo,

Tert. Cult. Fem. 2, 9:

paenitentiam deo,

id. Pudic. 10:

cui populus suffragiis immolat,

does homage to, id. de Anim. 33.

immŏlo ( inm-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [inmola].

Orig., to sprinkle a victim with sacrificial meal (mola salsa):

olim hostiae immolatae dicebantur mola salsa tactae, cum vero ictae et aliquid ex illis in aram datum, mactatae dicebantur,

Serv. ad Verg. A. 4, 57.—So only in one other example in Cato: boves immolati, Cato ap. Serv. Verg. A. 10, 541.—Far more freq. and class.,

Transf., to bring as an offering, to offer, sacrifice, immolate (cf. macto):

ego hodie dis meis iratissumis sex agnos immolavi,

Plaut. Poen. 2, 5:

Musis bovem immolasse dicitur,

Cic. N. D. 3, 36, 88:

bovem Dianae,

Liv. 1, 45, 7; cf.:

Dianae vitulum,

Cic. Inv. 2, 31, 94:

hostias,

id. Tusc. 3, 26, 63:

animalia capta,

Caes. B. G. 4, 17. 3:

agnum,

Hor. C. 4, 11, 7:

aut pro victimis homines immolant aut se immolaturos vovent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 16, 2:

homines,

Cic. Rep. 3, 9; id. Front. 10, 21:

filiam,

Quint. 3, 11, 6:

puerum,

Plin. 8, 22, 34, § 82:

qui hominem immolaverint, exve ejus sanguine litaverint, etc.,

Paul. Sent. 5, 23, 16: porca, quae Cereri immolatur, Veran. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 250 Müll.— Absol.:

cum Sulla immolaret ante praetorium,

Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72: nemo nostrum est, quin, etiam cum de alia re immolaret, tamen, etc., Caecin. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 2:

cum immolanti aufugisset hostia,

Suet. Caes. 59; 18; id. Aug. 95.— Pass. impers.: [p. 895] cum pluribus dis immolatur, Civ. Div. 2, 17, 38.—With abl. of the offering:

quibus hostiis immolandum cuique deo, cui majoribus, cui lactentibus, etc.,

Cic. Leg. 2, 12, 29: itaque Jovi tauro, verre, ariete immolari non licet, Capit. ap. Macr. S. 3, 10, 3; cf. ib. § 4.—

Poet., in a still more general sense, to sacrifice, slay:

Pallas te hoc vulnere, Pallas Immolat,

Verg. A. 12, 949:

inferias quos (juvenes) immolet umbris,

id. ib. 10, 519; Phaedr. 4, 6, 10.—

(Eccl. Lat.) To present as an offering, render:

humilitatem animae suae deo,

Tert. Cult. Fem. 2, 9:

paenitentiam deo,

id. Pudic. 10:

cui populus suffragiis immolat,

does homage to, id. de Anim. 33.

intrō-dūco, duxi, ductum, 3, v. a., to lead or bring into a place, to conduct into or within (syn.: induco, immitto).

Lit.

With acc.:

gregem venalium,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 3, 4:

noctu milites,

Sall. J. 12, 4:

Volturcium cum legatis,

id. C. 46, 6:

praesidium,

Caes. B. C. 1, 13, 2; cf.

se,

Curt. 3, 12, 10:

aliquem tecum,

id. 8, 8, 19:

quod oppidum cohortibus introductis tenebat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 12, 3.—

With in and acc.:

si suas copias Aedui in fines Bellovacorum introduxerint,

Caes. B. G. 2, 5, 3:

legationes in senatum,

Liv. 10, 45, 4:

in senatum aliquem ad agendas gratias,

Suet. Oth. 2:

praesidium in urbem Chium,

Curt. 4, 1, 17.—

With ad and acc.:

ad regem,

Curt. 6, 7, 17. —

With eo:

nacti portum, eo naves introduxerunt,

Caes. B. C. 3, 26, 4.—

Trop.

To bring in, introduce:

philosophiam in domos,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 4:

aliquem in possessionem,

Dig. 25, 5, 2:

ambitionem in senatum,

to introduce, Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 19; Dig. 9, 4, 26:

senatusconsulta,

ib. 29, 5, 1. —

Esp., in speaking or writing, to introduce a person or subject:

Catonem senem disputantem,

Cic. Lael. 1, 3:

sermones,

Quint. 9, 2, 30:

fictam narrationem,

id. 4, 2, 19; cf.:

pictores animas sensibus auctas,

represented, Lucr. 3, 630.—

To bring forward, maintain:

non modo natum mundum introduxit, sed etiam paene manu factum,

Cic. N. D. 1, 8, 20:

introducebat, summum bonum esse, frui,

id. Ac. 2, 42, 131:

deliberationem,

id. Off. 3, 3, 10:

narrationem,

Quint. 4, 2, 19 al. —

To institute, originate:

ex hujus modi principio consuetudo aestimationis introducta est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 82, § 189:

hac introducta consuetudine,

id. Fam. 16, 21, 3:

ejusmodi deliberationem,

id. Off. 3, 3, 12:

consuetudinem,

Val. Max. 2, 6, 5:

novum in republica exemplum,

to set an example, Caes. B. C. 1, 7, 2:

exemplum a patricio homine introductum,

Liv. 4, 16, 4:

leges perniciosissimas reipublicae,

Val. Max. 9, 5, 1:

ritus novos,

Lact. 1, 22, 19:

novas superstitiones,

Quint. 4, 4, 5.

ĭtă-que, conj.

( = et ita.) And so, and thus, and accordingly:

ita dolui, itaque ego nunc doleo,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 45:

si cetera ita sunt ut vis, itaque ut esse ego illa existimo,

Ter. Hec. 4, 2, 28:

cum quaestor in Sicilia fuissem, itaque ex ea provincia discessissem, ut, etc.,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 1:

ita constitui, fortiter esse agendum, itaque feci,

id. Clu. 19, 51; id. Deiot. 7, 19:

ita nostri acriter in hostes, signo dato, impetum fecerunt, itaque hostes repente celeriterque procurrerunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 52:

illud tempus exspectandum decreverunt, itaque fecerunt,

Nep. Alc. 4, 2; Caes. B. G. 1, 10.—

And so, accordingly, therefore, for that reason, consequently (for syn. cf. igitur, idcirco, ideo, ergo):

itaque ipse mea legens, sic adficior interdum,

Cic. Lael. 1:

itaque rem suscipit et a Sequanis impetrat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 9; id. B. C. 2, 7; Tac. Agr. 10.—

Occupying the second or third place in the sentence (very rare, and not before the Aug. period):

versis itaque subito voluntatibus,

Liv. 34, 34 fin.; so,

edicimus itaque omnes,

id. 3, 20, 4:

quaero itaque,

Curt. 7, 10, 7; and:

nunc itaque,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 10:

pro ingenti itaque victoria,

Liv. 4, 54, 6; so id. 6, 17, 8; 32, 16, 7.—

In the fourth place: omnium sententiis absolutus itaque est,

Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 43.—

Adding an example or argument, accordingly, in like manner, in this manner:

nihil opus (est philosophum) litteras scire. Itaque, ut majores nostri ab aratro Cincinnatum abduxerunt, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 4, 12:

principes sunt simplices... itaque aër et ignis et aqua et terra prima sunt,

id. Ac. 1, 7, 26:

itaque hoc frequenter dici solet,

in like manner, id. Fin. 2, 4, 11.—

Itaque ergo, and hence therefore, and so for that reason:

itaque ergo amantur,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 25; Liv. 1, 25, 2 Drak.; 3, 31, 5; 39, 25, 11 al.

auro, āre, v. a. [aurum], to overlay with gold, to gild: a metallorum quoque nominibus solent nasci verba, ut ab auro auro, auras;

ab aere aero, aeras, unde aeratus et auratus, etc.,

Prisc. p. 828 P.—As finite verb only in one (doubtful) example in Tert. Coron. Mil. 12.—But very freq. aurā-tus, a, um, P. a.

Furnished, overlaid, or ornamented with gold, gilded, gilt: auratus aries Colchorum, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 49, 163:

aurata metalla,

metals rich in gold, Lucr. 6, 811:

tecta,

id. 2, 28, and Cic. Part. Or. 6, 3:

tempora,

covered with a golden helmet, Verg. A. 12, 536:

lacerti,

Prop. 4, 12, 57: sinus, ornamented with a golden buckle, clasp, pin, etc., Ov. F. 2, 310:

vestes,

id. M. 8. 448:

amictus,

id. ib. 14, 263: stolae, * Vulg. 2 Macc. 5, 2:

milites,

with golden shields, Liv. 9, 40, 3 al. — Comp.:

auratior hostia,

Tert. Idol. 6 fin. —

Of gold, golden:

pellis,

Cat. 64, 5; Ov. M. 1, 470:

monilia,

id. ib. 5, 52; cf.:

regum auratis circumdata colla catenis,

Prop. 2, 1, 33:

lyra,

id. 4, 2, 14; Ov. M. 8, 15 al.—

Gold-colored:

gemma nunc sanguineis, nunc auratis guttis,

Plin. 37, 10, 66, § 179.—Hence, subst.: aurāta, ae, f. ( ōrāta, Paul. ex Fest. pp. 182 sq. Müll.; cf. aurum init.; Schneid. Gr. 1, p. 59), a fish, the gilt-bream: Sparus aurata, Linn.; Cels. 2. 18; 2, 28; Plin. 9, 16, 25, § 58; Mart. 13, 90.

orbĭta, ae, f. [orbis].

A track or rut made in the ground by a wheel.

Lit. (class.):

impressa orbita,

Cic. Att. 2, 21, 2; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 6; Verg. G. 3, 293; Liv. 32, 17.—

Trop., a track, course, path (ante-class. and poet.): neque id ab orbitā matrum familias instituti, quod, etc., Varr. ap. Non. 542, 28; Plin. 8, 58, 83, § 227; a beaten path, Quint. 2, 13, 16:

veteris culpae,

i. e. bad example, Juv. 14, 37.—

An impression, mark left by a ligature:

vinculi,

Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 210.—

A circuit, orbit:

orbita lunae,

Auct. Aetn. 230:

lunaris illa orbita,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 10, 2.

ostento, āvi, ātum ( inf. pass. ostentarier, Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 129), 1, v. freq. a. [ostendo], to present to view, to show, exhibit (class.).

In gen.:

alicui jugula sua pro capite alicujus,

to present, offer, Cic. Att. 1, 16, 4:

aliquem,

Verg. A. 12, 479:

campos nitentes,

id. ib. 6, 678:

Sidonias opes,

id. ib. 4, 75:

passum capillum,

Caes. B. G. 7, 48:

liberos,

Suet. Aug. 34: quo res sapsa loco sese ostentat, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 325 Müll. (Ann. v. 372 Vahl.).—

In partic.

To show off with vanity or boastfulness, to display, make a display of, boast of, vaunt:

amorem tibi meum,

Cic. Fam. 10, 3, 4:

quid me ostentem,

why should I make a display of myself? id. ib. 1, 4, 3:

et prae se ferre,

id. Att. 2, 23, 3:

memoriae ostentandae causā,

Auct. Her. 2, 30, 47: clientelas, Dolabell. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9, 2:

triumphos suos,

Sall. J. 31, 10:

eum ipsum aliis,

id. ib. 49, 4:

se in aliis rebus,

to exhibit themselves, Cic. Cael. 28, 67:

Ambiorigem ostentant fidei faciundae causā,

Caes. B. G. 5, 41.—

To hold out or up as an example:

desine Tydiden vultuque et murmure nobis Ostentare,

Ov. M. 13, 350.—

To hold out for the purpose of offering or giving; to proffer, promise:

alterā manu fert lapidem, panem ostentat alterā,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 18:

agrum,

Cic. Agr. 2, 28, 78:

praemia,

Sall. J. 66, 1; 89, 1; cf.:

praemia modo, modo formidinem,

id. ib. 23, 1:

praedam,

id. ib. 68, 3.—

To hold out in a threatening manner; to threaten, menace:

caedem, servitutem,

Cic. Fam. 4, 14, 1:

periculum capitis,

id. Clu. 8, 25:

minas,

Liv. 2, 42.—

To show by speech or signs; to indicate, point out, signify, reveal, disclose:

(largitio) verbis ostentari potest, re verā fieri, nisi exhausto aerario, nullo pacto potest,

Cic. Agr. 2, 4, 18:

tibi me istis esse familiarem,

id. Fam. 9, 6, 2:

principem,

to reveal, Plin. Pan. 4, 7.—With rel.-clause: ostentans, quanta eos... invidia maneret showing, declaring, Suet. Caes. 14.

per-do, dĭdi, ditum, 3 (old form of the pres. subj. perduim, Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 6:

perduis,

id. Am. 2, 2, 215; id. Capt. 3, 5, 70:

perduit,

id. Ep. 1, 1, 64; id. Poen. 3, 4, 29;

but esp. freq., perduint,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 61; id. Aul. 4, 10, 55; id. Curc. 5, 3, 41; id. Cas. 3, 5, 17; id. Most. 3, 1, 138; id. Men. 2, 2, 34; 3, 1, 6; 5, 5, 31; id. Merc. 4, 3, 11; 4, 4, 53; id. Poen. 3, 2, 33; 4, 2, 41; id. Stich. 4, 2, 15; id. Truc. 2, 3, 10; Ter. Heaut. 4, 6, 7; id. Hec. 3, 4, 27; id. Phorm. 1, 2, 73; Cic. Deiot. 7, 21; id. Att. 15, 4, 3.—As the pass. of perdo, only pereo, perditus, perire appear to be in good use.—The only classical example of a pass. form in the pres. is:

perditur haec inter misero lux non sine votis,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 59 (K. and H. ad loc.), where Lachm., perh. needlessly, reads lux porgitur, the day seems too long for me. —In the pass. perdi, in late Lat.; v. infra), v. a., to make away with; to destroy, ruin; to squander, dissipate, throw away, waste, lose, etc. (class.; syn.: dissipo, perimo, deleo).

Lit.:

aliquem perditum ire,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 5:

Juppiter fruges perdidit,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 45, 131:

funditus civitatem,

id. Att. 6, 1, 5:

se ipsum penitus,

id. Fin. 1, 15, 49:

perdere et affligere cives,

id. Rosc. Am. 12, 33:

perdere et pessundare aliquem,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 3:

aliquem capitis,

i. e. to charge with a capital offence, id. As. 1, 2, 6; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 86:

sumat, consumat, perdat,

squander, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 56; so,

perde et peri,

Plaut. Truc. 5, 59:

perdere et profundere,

to waste, Cic. Fam. 5, 5, 3:

perdere tempus,

id. de Or. 3, 36, 146:

operam,

id. Mur. 10, 23; cf.:

oleum et operam,

id. Fam. 7, 1, 3:

Decius amisit vitam: at non perdidit,

Auct. Her. 4, 44, 57:

cur perdis adulescentem nobis? cur amat? Cur potat?

Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 36.—In execrations (very common): di (deaeque omnes) te perduint, may the gods destroy you! See the passages with perduint cited init.—Pass. (late Lat.):

verbis perderis ipse tuis, Prosp. Epigr.: impii de terrā perdentur,

Vulg. Prov. 2, 22: quasi sterquilinium in fine perdetur, id. Job, 20, 7.—

Transf., in gen., to lose utterly or irrecoverably:

eos (liberos),

Cic. Fam. 5, 16, 3:

omnes fructus industriae et fortunae,

id. ib. 4, 6, 2:

litem,

to lose one's cause, id. de Or. 1, 36, 167:

libertatem,

id. Rab. Post. 9, 24:

dextram manum,

Plin. 7, 28, 29, § 104:

memoriam,

Cic. Sen. 7, 21:

causam,

id. Rosc. Com. 4, 11:

spem,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 3:

vitam,

Mart. Spect. 13, 2:

perii hercle! nomen perdidi,

i. e. I have quite forgotten the name, Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 39.— Pass. (late Lat.):

si principis vita perditur,

Amm. 14, 5, 4; Hor. S. 2, 6, 59 (v. supra).—Of loss at play:

ne perdiderit, non cessat perdere lusor,

Ov. A. A. 1, 451; Juv. 1, 93.—Hence, perdĭtus, a, um, P. a., lost, i. e.,

Hopeless, desperate, ruined, past recovery (class.;

syn. profligatus): perditus sum, i. q. perii,

I am lost! Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 6; id. Rud. 5, 1, 3:

per fortunas vide, ne puerum perditum perdamus,

Cic. Fam. 14, 1, 5:

perditus aere alieno,

id. Phil. 2, 32, 78:

lacrimis ac maerore perditus,

id. Mur. 40, 86:

tu omnium mortalium perditissime,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 26, § 64:

rebus omnibus perditis,

id. Caecin. 31, 90:

senatoria judicia,

id. Verr. 1, 3, 8:

valetudo,

id. Tusc. 5, 10, 29.—

In partic., desperately in love; lost, ruined by love ( poet.):

amore haec perdita est,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 2, 13:

in puellā,

Prop. 1, 13, 7:

amor,

Cat. 89, 2.—

Lost in a moral sense, abandoned, corrupt, profligate, flagitious, incorrigible:

adulescens perditus ac dissolutus,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 25, 55:

homo contaminatus, perditus, flagitiosus,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134:

abjecti homines et perditi,

id. Mil. 18, 47; id. Cat. 1, 6, 9:

homo perditā nequitiā,

id. Clu. 13, 36:

perdita atque dissoluta consilia,

id. Agr. 2, 20, 55:

luxuriae ac lasciviae perditae,

Suet. Calig. 25:

nihil fieri potest miserius, nihil perditius, nihil foedius,

Cic. Att. 8, 11, 4; id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 1; Cat. 42, 13.—Hence, sup.:

omnium mortalium perditissimus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 26, § 65; Just. 21, 5, 5.— Adv.: perdĭtē.

In an abandoned manner, incorrigibly:

se gerere,

Cic. Att. 9, 2, A, 2.—

Desperately, excessively:

amare,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 32:

conari,

Quint. 2, 12, 5.

pē̆tra, ae, f., = petra, a rock, a crag, stone (pure Lat. saxum; cf.: rupes, scopulus): petrarum genera sunt duo, quorum alterum naturale saxum prominens in mare;

alterum manufactum ut docet Aelius Gallus: Petra est, qui locus dextrā ac sinistrā fornicem expletur usque ad libramentum summi fornicis,

Fest. p. 206 Müll. (of the latter signif. there is no other example known): petris ingentibus tecta, Enn. ap. Fest. 1. 1. (Ann. v. 366); Sen. Herc. Oet. 804:

aquam de petrā produxit,

Vulg. Isa. 48, 21 et saep.:

gaviae in petris nidificant,

Plin. 10, 32, 48, § 91:

alga, quae juxta terram in petris nascitur,

id. 32, 6, 22, § 66; 34, 12, 29, § 117; Curt. 7, 11, 1.

Pē̆tra, ae, f., = Petra, the name of several cities.

A city in Arabia Petrœa, now the ruins of Wadi Musa, Plin. 6, 28, 32, § 144; Vulg. Jer. 48, 28.—Hence,

Pē̆traeus, a, um, adj., Petrean:

balanus,

Plin. 12, 21, 46, § 102:

hypericon,

id. 12, 25, 54, § 119.—

A city in Pieria, Liv. 29, 26.—

A city in Thrace, Liv. 40, 22. —

A city in Umbria, called Petra Pertusa, now Il Furlo, Aur. Vict. Epist. in Vespas. 17.—

A hill near Dyrrachium, Caes. B. C. 3, 42.

Petra, ae, m., a Roman proper name, Tac. A. 11, 4.

pē̆tra, ae, f., = petra, a rock, a crag, stone (pure Lat. saxum; cf.: rupes, scopulus): petrarum genera sunt duo, quorum alterum naturale saxum prominens in mare;

alterum manufactum ut docet Aelius Gallus: Petra est, qui locus dextrā ac sinistrā fornicem expletur usque ad libramentum summi fornicis,

Fest. p. 206 Müll. (of the latter signif. there is no other example known): petris ingentibus tecta, Enn. ap. Fest. 1. 1. (Ann. v. 366); Sen. Herc. Oet. 804:

aquam de petrā produxit,

Vulg. Isa. 48, 21 et saep.:

gaviae in petris nidificant,

Plin. 10, 32, 48, § 91:

alga, quae juxta terram in petris nascitur,

id. 32, 6, 22, § 66; 34, 12, 29, § 117; Curt. 7, 11, 1.

Pē̆tra, ae, f., = Petra, the name of several cities.

A city in Arabia Petrœa, now the ruins of Wadi Musa, Plin. 6, 28, 32, § 144; Vulg. Jer. 48, 28.—Hence,

Pē̆traeus, a, um, adj., Petrean:

balanus,

Plin. 12, 21, 46, § 102:

hypericon,

id. 12, 25, 54, § 119.—

A city in Pieria, Liv. 29, 26.—

A city in Thrace, Liv. 40, 22. —

A city in Umbria, called Petra Pertusa, now Il Furlo, Aur. Vict. Epist. in Vespas. 17.—

A hill near Dyrrachium, Caes. B. C. 3, 42.

Petra, ae, m., a Roman proper name, Tac. A. 11, 4.

pē̆tra, ae, f., = petra, a rock, a crag, stone (pure Lat. saxum; cf.: rupes, scopulus): petrarum genera sunt duo, quorum alterum naturale saxum prominens in mare;

alterum manufactum ut docet Aelius Gallus: Petra est, qui locus dextrā ac sinistrā fornicem expletur usque ad libramentum summi fornicis,

Fest. p. 206 Müll. (of the latter signif. there is no other example known): petris ingentibus tecta, Enn. ap. Fest. 1. 1. (Ann. v. 366); Sen. Herc. Oet. 804:

aquam de petrā produxit,

Vulg. Isa. 48, 21 et saep.:

gaviae in petris nidificant,

Plin. 10, 32, 48, § 91:

alga, quae juxta terram in petris nascitur,

id. 32, 6, 22, § 66; 34, 12, 29, § 117; Curt. 7, 11, 1.

Pē̆tra, ae, f., = Petra, the name of several cities.

A city in Arabia Petrœa, now the ruins of Wadi Musa, Plin. 6, 28, 32, § 144; Vulg. Jer. 48, 28.—Hence,

Pē̆traeus, a, um, adj., Petrean:

balanus,

Plin. 12, 21, 46, § 102:

hypericon,

id. 12, 25, 54, § 119.—

A city in Pieria, Liv. 29, 26.—

A city in Thrace, Liv. 40, 22. —

A city in Umbria, called Petra Pertusa, now Il Furlo, Aur. Vict. Epist. in Vespas. 17.—

A hill near Dyrrachium, Caes. B. C. 3, 42.

Petra, ae, m., a Roman proper name, Tac. A. 11, 4.

prae-lēgo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to bequeath beforehand, i. e. to bequeath a thing to be given before the inheritance is divided (post-Aug.):

eam coronam testamento ei praelegavit,

Plin. 33, 2, 11, § 38: peculia [p. 1422] filiis, Dig. 33, 8, 26:

fundum,

ib. 31, 1, 69:

uxori dotem,

Paul. Sent. 4, 1, 1.

prae-lĕgo, lēgi, lectum, 3, v. a.

To read any thing to others, as a teacher, to show how it should be read, to set an example in reading, to lecture upon an author (post-Aug.):

auctores,

Quint. 1, 5, 11:

Vergilium et alios poëtas,

Suet. Gram. 16.—

To pick or choose out, to select (post-class.):

praelectus hircus,

App. M. 7, p. 192, 29.—

To sail by or along a place (post-Aug. for praetervehor); with acc.:

Campaniam,

Tac. A. 6, 1; 2, 79 init.: Alsia praelegitur tellus, is sailed by, Rut. Itin. 1, 223.

quālis, e, pron. adj. [quis; kindr. with Gr. pê-likos; Goth. huc-leik; Germ. welcher], how constituted, of what sort, kind, or nature, what kind of a (class.).

Interrog.: qualine amico mea commendavi bona? Call. Probo, et fideli, et fido, Plaut. Trin. 4, 4, 3:

qualis oratoris et quanti hominis in dicendo putas esse historiam scribere?

Cic. de Or. 2, 12, 51:

quali fide, quali pietate existimatis eos esse, qui, etc.,

Cic. Font. 10, 21:

qualis est istorum oratio?

what kind of a speech is that? id. Ac. 2, 14, 44 —

In exclamations: hei mihi, qualis erat!

Verg. A. 2, 274; Enn. ap. Serv. ad loc. (Ann. v. 7 Vahl.): O Romule, Romule, dic, qualem te patriae custodem di genuerunt! Enn. ap. Cic. Rep. 1, 41, 64 (Ann. v. 116 Vahl.).—

In indirect questions: nam cogitato, qualem haberes gratiam (si, etc.),

Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 54:

ego te qualis sis scio,

id. Aul. 2, 2, 40; Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 20:

ipsius rei natura qualis et quanta sit quaerimus,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 23, 56:

qualis esset natura montis, cognoscere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 21:

doce me quales sint corpore,

what sort of a body they have, Cic. N. D. 1, 23, 65.—

Rel., with or without the correlative talis, so constituted, of such a sort, kind, or nature, such as, as:

ut qualem te jam antea populo Romano, praebuisti, talem te et nobis impertias,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 4, 11:

ut res non tales, quales ante habitae sint, habendae videantur,

id. Inv. 2, 58, 176; id. Off. 2, 13, 44:

in hoc bello, quale bellum nulla barbaria gessit,

the like of which, id. Cat. 3, 10, 25; id. Phil. 2, 7, 17:

equitum acies, qualis quae esse instructissima potest, etc.,

Liv. 8, 39:

tale tuum carmen nobis, quale, etc.,

Verg. E. 5, 47:

bis sex... qualia nunc hominum producit corpora tellus,

id. A. 12, 899.—

Esp., in quotations and citations, as, as for instance, as for example:

aperta et clara (somnia), quale est de illo, etc.,

Cic. Div. 2, 66, 135:

cum proposito dissimili vel contrario ratio subjungitur: quale est Demosthenis: non enim, etc.,

Quint. 5, 14, 4; so id. 1, 5, 65 Zumpt N. cr.; 3, 6, 41; 3, 11, 6 et saep. al.—

Poet. for the adv. qualiter, as, just as:

qualis populea moerens philomela sub umbra Amissos queritur fetus,

Verg. G. 4, 511; id. A. 3, 679; 4, 143:

quale caelum Subrubet,

Ov. Am. 2, 5, 35; id. M. 3, 682.—

Repeated: qualis qualis (post-class. for qualiscumque), of what quality soever, whatsoever:

quali quali obligatione interpositā,

Dig. 20, 5, 12.—

Indef.: quale, having some quality or other:

et ita effici quae appellant qualia,

Cic. Ac. 1, 7, 28:

prius aliquid esse debet, deinde quale esse,

Sen. Ep. 117, 28.— Adv.: quā-lĭter.

In what way or manner, how:

refert, villa qualiter aedificetur,

Col. 1, 4, 6; Mart. 5, 7, 1.— Qualiter qualiter, in what manner soever, for qualitercumque (postclass.), Dig. 4, 4, 7.—

Just as, as:

lacri mae fluxere per ora, Qualiter abjectā de nive manat aquā,

Ov. Am. 1, 7, 57; Cels. praef. p. 6; Val. Fl. 5, 305; Plin. 8, 48, 73, § 193.—

Repeated:

qualiter qualiter,

in whatever manner, however, Dig. 4, 4, 7 pr.; 9, 2, 7, § 1; 26, 7, 5, § 10.