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england+and+scotland)+and

  • 81 union

    ['juːnɪən]
    n

    the Union — 1) амер. Сполу́чені Шта́ти 2) Сполу́чене Королі́вство

    2) об'є́днання, сою́з; у́нія

    the Union of England and Scotland — У́нія А́нглії з Шотла́ндією (1707 р.)

    3) професі́йна спі́лка (тж. trade union)

    to join the union — вступи́ти до професі́йної спі́лки

    4) шлю́бний сою́з

    union of hearts — шлюб з коха́ння

    5) є́дність, гармо́нія, зго́да

    in perfect union — у цілкови́тій зго́ді

    6) студе́нтський клуб
    7) тех. ні́пель; шту́цер; му́фта ( для труб)

    English-Ukrainian transcription dictionary > union

  • 82 unite

    1) (to join together, or to make or become one: England and Scotland were united under one parliament in 1707; He was united with his friends again.) ενώνω / -ομαι
    2) (to act together: Let us unite against the common enemy.) συνασπίζομαι
    •

    English-Greek dictionary > unite

  • 83 chartered accountant

    брит.; сокр. CA дипломированный бухгалтер, сертифицированный бухгалтер; присяжный бухгалтер; см. тж. certified public accountant

    A chartered accountant is a qualified member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland, or the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Ireland; these were the original bodies to be granted royal charters. — Присяжный бухгалтер – это дипломированный член Института присяжных бухгалтеров Англии и Уэльса, Шотландии или Ирландии, - учреждений, получивших в своё время королевские хартии.

    Англо-русский современный словарь > chartered accountant

  • 84 daylight

    ['deɪlaɪt]
    сущ.
    1) дневной свет; естественное освещение

    in broad daylight — при дневном свете, средь бела дня

    2) день, светлое время суток

    It was still daylight when we left. — Мы уехали засветло.

    It was daylight when I awoke. — Я проснулся, когда уже было светло.

    Syn:
    3) заря, рассвет

    They left before daylight. — Они уехали затемно.

    Syn:
    4) прозрение, прояснение, понимание

    to see daylight — наконец-то понять, постичь что-л.

    5) ( daylights) разг. "гляделки", глаза
    6) просвет ( между двумя предметами); интервал; разрыв
    7) расхождение ( во взглядах), несходство, разногласие
    ••

    daylight robbery — преим. брит.; разг. грабёж средь бела дня

    to beat / knock the (living) daylights out of smb. — разг. избить кого-л. до полусмерти

    to scare / frighten the (living) daylights out of smb. — разг. напугать кого-л. до полусмерти

    to let daylights into / through smb. — разг. пристрелить кого-л. или пырнуть кого-л. ножом

    daylight-saving time, daylight savings — амер. летнее время

    Англо-русский современный словарь > daylight

  • 85 объединиться

    1. unite; join; rally

    объединить усилия, объединиться — to join forces

    2. band
    3. combine
    4. consolidate
    5. incorporate
    6. join hands
    7. league
    Синонимический ряд:
    1. слиться (глаг.) слиться
    2. соединиться (глаг.) соединиться; спаяться; сплотиться

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > объединиться

  • 86 unite

    [juˈnaɪt] verb
    1) to join together, or to make or become one:

    He was united with his friends again.

    يُوَحِّد
    2) to act together:

    Let us unite against the common enemy.

    يَتَوَحَّد

    Arabic-English dictionary > unite

  • 87 unite

    1) (to join together, or to make or become one: England and Scotland were united under one parliament in 1707; He was united with his friends again.) (s')unir; (s')unifier
    2) (to act together: Let us unite against the common enemy.) s'unir
    •

    English-French dictionary > unite

  • 88 unite

    1) (to join together, or to make or become one: England and Scotland were united under one parliament in 1707; He was united with his friends again.)
    2) (to act together: Let us unite against the common enemy.)
    •

    English-Portuguese (Brazil) dictionary > unite

  • 89 parallel

    parallel ['pærəlel]
    (a) (gen) & Mathematics parallèle (to ou with à);
    ∎ there is a ditch parallel with or to the fence il y a un fossé qui longe la clôture;
    ∎ to run parallel to sth longer qch
    (b) (analogous) pareil, semblable; (case, situation) analogue (to ou with à);
    ∎ a parallel investigation was mounted in England and Scotland une enquête a été menée simultanément en Angleterre et en Écosse
    (c) Computing parallèle
    2 noun
    (a) (equivalent) équivalent m; (similarity) ressemblance f, similitude f;
    ∎ there are obvious parallels between the two cases les deux cas présentent des similitudes frappantes;
    ∎ a tradition which has no parallel in our own culture une tradition qui n'a pas d'équivalent dans notre culture;
    ∎ the two industries have developed in parallel ces deux industries se sont développées en parallèle;
    ∎ the disaster is without parallel une telle catastrophe est sans précédent;
    ∎ in parallel to or with sth parallèlement à qch
    (b) (comparison) parallèle m;
    ∎ to draw a parallel between faire ou établir un parallèle entre
    (c) Mathematics (ligne f) parallèle f
    (d) Geography & Astronomy parallèle m;
    ∎ the 48th parallel le 48ème parallèle
    (e) Electricity parallèle m;
    ∎ in parallel en parallèle;
    ∎ out of parallel déphasé, hors de phase
    (f) Military (trench) (tranchée f) parallèle f
    (a) (run parallel to) être parallèle à, longer
    (b) (be similar to) être analogue à;
    ∎ his career has paralleled his father's sa carrière a suivi une trajectoire semblable à celle de son père
    (c) (equal) égaler;
    ∎ the victory has not been paralleled cette victoire est restée sans égal
    ∎ to ski parallel, to parallel ski skier parallèle;
    ∎ to parallel park faire un créneau
    ►► parallel bars barres fpl parallèles;
    Electricity parallel circuit circuit m en parallèle;
    parallel computer ordinateur m à traitement parallèle;
    Electricity parallel connection couplage m ou montage m en parallèle ou en dérivation;
    parallel importing importations fpl parallèles;
    Computing parallel interface interface f parallèle;
    parallel lines lignes fpl parallèles;
    Finance parallel market marché m parallèle;
    parallel parking stationnement m en créneau;
    Computing parallel port port m parallèle;
    parallel printer imprimante f en parallèle;
    Computing parallel processing traitement m en parallèle or en simultanéité;
    Finance parallel rate of exchange cours m parallèle;
    parallel ruler règle f parallèle, règles fpl parallèles;
    Marketing parallel selling vente f parallèle;
    Skiing parallel slalom slalom m parallèle;
    Skiing parallel turn virage m en parallèle

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > parallel

  • 90 Don

    m
    [Fluss]
    Don [rivers in Russia, England and Scotland]

    Deutsch-Englisches Wörterbuch > Don

  • 91 وحد

    وَحَّدَ \ unite: to make or become one combine; consolidate; join: the United Kingdom (the kingdoms of England and Scotland, joined in 1707). \ See Also اتحد (اِتَّحَدَ)‏

    Arabic-English dictionary > وحد

  • 92 институт дипломированных королевской грамотой бухгалтеров

    1. institute of chartered accountants

     

    институт дипломированных королевской грамотой бухгалтеров
    Любая из трех профессиональных организаций бухгалтеров в Великобритании - Институт дипломированных бухгалтеров Англии и Уэльса (Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales), Институт дипломированных бухгалтеров Шотландии (Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland) и Институт дипломированных бухгалтеров Ирландии (Institute of Chartered Accountants in Ireland). Эти институты самостоятельны, но признают одинаковые нормы профессиональной деятельности. Крупнейшим из них является Институт Англии и Уэльса, в котором насчитывается примерно 90 000 членов, обозначаемых латинскими буквами АСА или FCA (так же, как и члены Ирландского института; члены Института Шотландии используют буквы СА). Институты следят за поддержанием высокого уровня образования и профессиональной подготовки бухгалтеров, присуждают после экзаменов право на занятие бухгалтерской деятельностью и наблюдают за профессиональным поведением своих членов при оказании услуг клиентам и обществу. Эти институты являются членами Консультативного комитета органов, занимающихся бухгалтерским учетом, Комитет стандартов бухгалтерского учета которого отвечает за разработку стандартов счетоводства. См. также: chartered accountant (дипломированный королевской грамотой бухгалтер).
    [ http://www.vocable.ru/dictionary/533/symbol/97]

    Тематики

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > институт дипломированных королевской грамотой бухгалтеров

  • 93 institute of chartered accountants

    1. институт дипломированных королевской грамотой бухгалтеров

     

    институт дипломированных королевской грамотой бухгалтеров
    Любая из трех профессиональных организаций бухгалтеров в Великобритании - Институт дипломированных бухгалтеров Англии и Уэльса (Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales), Институт дипломированных бухгалтеров Шотландии (Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland) и Институт дипломированных бухгалтеров Ирландии (Institute of Chartered Accountants in Ireland). Эти институты самостоятельны, но признают одинаковые нормы профессиональной деятельности. Крупнейшим из них является Институт Англии и Уэльса, в котором насчитывается примерно 90 000 членов, обозначаемых латинскими буквами АСА или FCA (так же, как и члены Ирландского института; члены Института Шотландии используют буквы СА). Институты следят за поддержанием высокого уровня образования и профессиональной подготовки бухгалтеров, присуждают после экзаменов право на занятие бухгалтерской деятельностью и наблюдают за профессиональным поведением своих членов при оказании услуг клиентам и обществу. Эти институты являются членами Консультативного комитета органов, занимающихся бухгалтерским учетом, Комитет стандартов бухгалтерского учета которого отвечает за разработку стандартов счетоводства. См. также: chartered accountant (дипломированный королевской грамотой бухгалтер).
    [ http://www.vocable.ru/dictionary/533/symbol/97]

    Тематики

    EN

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > institute of chartered accountants

  • 94 church

     ə: 
    1) (a building for public Christian worship.) iglesia
    2) (a group of Christians considered as a whole: the Catholic Church.) iglesia
    •
    church n iglesia
    tr[ʧɜːʧ]
    1 iglesia
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    to enter the Church hacerse sacerdote, hacerse monja, etc
    to go to church ir a misa
    to have a church wedding casarse por la iglesia
    church hall sala parroquial
    Church of England Iglesia Anglicana
    church service oficio religioso
    church ['ʧərʧ] n
    1) : iglesia f
    to go to church: ir a la iglesia
    2) christians: iglesia f, conjunto m de fieles cristianos
    3) denomination: confesión f, secta f
    4) congregation: feligreses mpl, fieles mpl
    n.
    • iglesia s.f.
    tʃɜːrtʃ, tʃɜːtʃ
    noun ( building) iglesia f

    the Church — ( as organization) la Iglesia

    the Church of England/Scotland — la Iglesia Anglicana/Presbiteriana Escocesa

    to go to church — ir* a la iglesia, ≈ir* a misa; (before n)

    he wants a church wedding — quiere casarse por la Iglesia or (Bol, Per, RPl) por iglesia


    ••
    Cultural note:
    La Iglesia Anglicana, protestante, es la Iglesia oficial de Inglaterra. Fue creada en 1534, bajo el reinado de Enrique VIII, por una ley suprema ( Act of Supremacy) mediante la cual el rey reemplazó al Papa como jefe de la Iglesia en Inglaterra. En la actualidad el monarca lo sigue siendo, pero sus obispos y arzobispos son designados a propuesta del Primer Ministro ( Prime Minister). El jefe espiritual de la Iglesia es el Arzobispo de Canterbury. Inglaterra está dividida en 44 diócesis y 13.000 parroquias ( parishes) cada una de las cuales está a cargo de un párroco ( vicar). En 1992, el General Synod u organismo rector de la Iglesia, permitió a las mujeres ser párrocos. En muchos países del mundo donde existen comunidades miembros de la Anglican Communion, como EEUU o Escocia, los anglicanos se autodenominan Episcopalians
    La Iglesia Presbiteriana Escosesa es la Iglesia oficial de Escocia. Tuvo sus inicios en 1560, encabezada por John Knox y Andrew Melville y fue aceptada oficialmente en 1690. No tiene obispos y los miembros de su clero se denominan ministers o pastores en lugar de sacerdotes. Tanto los hombres como las mujeres pueden ser ministers
    [tʃɜːtʃ]
    1. N
    1) (=building) (gen) iglesia f ; (Protestant) templo m
    2) (=service) (Catholic) misa f ; (Protestant) oficio m

    to go to church — (Catholic) ir a misa; (Protestant) ir al oficio

    3) (=institution)
    2.
    CPD [doctrine] de la Iglesia

    Church Fathers NPL — Padres mpl de la Iglesia

    church music N — música f sacra or religiosa

    Church of England N — Iglesia f Anglicana

    Church of Scotland N — Iglesia f Presbiteriana Escocesa

    church school N — colegio m religioso

    church service N — oficio m, servicio m religioso

    church wedding N — boda f eclesiástica, boda f por la iglesia

    CHURCHES OF ENGLAND/SCOTLAND La Iglesia Anglicana ( Church of England) es la iglesia oficial de Inglaterra. Tiene su origen en la ruptura de Enrique VIII con la Iglesia católica en el siglo XVI. En ella se unen aspectos de la tradición católica y de la protestante. Su dirigente oficial es el monarca y su jefe espiritual el Arzobispo de Canterbury. Al clero se le permite contraer matrimonio y, desde 1992, las mujeres pueden ejercer el sacerdocio, cambio al que se opuso radicalmente la corriente conservadora. La Iglesia Presbiteriana Escocesa ( Church of Scotland) es la iglesia nacional de Escocia, pero no depende de ninguna autoridad civil. Sigue la doctrina calvinista y se rige según las normas presbiterianas, lo que significa que está gobernada a nivel local, por ministers y dirigentes laicos ( elders). Tanto hombres como mujeres pueden ejercer el sacerdocio. Hay una reunión anual ( General Assembly) en la que se discuten asuntos nacionales, presidida por un Moderator, que es elegido anualmente.
    See:
    * * *
    [tʃɜːrtʃ, tʃɜːtʃ]
    noun ( building) iglesia f

    the Church — ( as organization) la Iglesia

    the Church of England/Scotland — la Iglesia Anglicana/Presbiteriana Escocesa

    to go to church — ir* a la iglesia, ≈ir* a misa; (before n)

    he wants a church wedding — quiere casarse por la Iglesia or (Bol, Per, RPl) por iglesia


    ••
    Cultural note:
    La Iglesia Anglicana, protestante, es la Iglesia oficial de Inglaterra. Fue creada en 1534, bajo el reinado de Enrique VIII, por una ley suprema ( Act of Supremacy) mediante la cual el rey reemplazó al Papa como jefe de la Iglesia en Inglaterra. En la actualidad el monarca lo sigue siendo, pero sus obispos y arzobispos son designados a propuesta del Primer Ministro ( Prime Minister). El jefe espiritual de la Iglesia es el Arzobispo de Canterbury. Inglaterra está dividida en 44 diócesis y 13.000 parroquias ( parishes) cada una de las cuales está a cargo de un párroco ( vicar). En 1992, el General Synod u organismo rector de la Iglesia, permitió a las mujeres ser párrocos. En muchos países del mundo donde existen comunidades miembros de la Anglican Communion, como EEUU o Escocia, los anglicanos se autodenominan Episcopalians
    La Iglesia Presbiteriana Escosesa es la Iglesia oficial de Escocia. Tuvo sus inicios en 1560, encabezada por John Knox y Andrew Melville y fue aceptada oficialmente en 1690. No tiene obispos y los miembros de su clero se denominan ministers o pastores en lugar de sacerdotes. Tanto los hombres como las mujeres pueden ser ministers

    English-spanish dictionary > church

  • 95 Elder, John

    [br]
    b. 9 March 1824 Glasgow, Scotland
    d. 17 September 1869 London, England
    [br]
    Scottish engineer who introduced the compound steam engine to ships and established an important shipbuilding company in Glasgow.
    [br]
    John was the third son of David Elder. The father came from a family of millwrights and moved to Glasgow where he worked for the well-known shipbuilding firm of Napier's and was involved with improving marine engines. John was educated at Glasgow High School and then for a while at the Department of Civil Engineering at Glasgow University, where he showed great aptitude for mathematics and drawing. He spent five years as an apprentice under Robert Napier followed by two short periods of activity as a pattern-maker first and then a draughtsman in England. He returned to Scotland in 1849 to become Chief Draughtsman to Napier, but in 1852 he left to become a partner with the Glasgow general engineering company of Randolph Elliott \& Co. Shortly after his induction (at the age of 28), the engineering firm was renamed Randolph Elder \& Co.; in 1868, when the partnership expired, it became known as John Elder \& Co. From the outset Elder, with his partner, Charles Randolph, approached mechanical (especially heat) engineering in a rigorous manner. Their knowledge and understanding of entropy ensured that engine design was not a hit-and-miss affair, but one governed by recognition of the importance of the new kinetic theory of heat and with it a proper understanding of thermodynamic principles, and by systematic development. In this Elder was joined by W.J.M. Rankine, Professor of Civil Engineering and Mechanics at Glasgow University, who helped him develop the compound marine engine. Elder and Randolph built up a series of patents, which guaranteed their company's commercial success and enabled them for a while to be the sole suppliers of compound steam reciprocating machinery. Their first such engine at sea was fitted in 1854 on the SS Brandon for the Limerick Steamship Company; the ship showed an improved performance by using a third less coal, which he was able to reduce still further on later designs.
    Elder developed steam jacketing and recognized that, with higher pressures, triple-expansion types would be even more economical. In 1862 he patented a design of quadruple-expansion engine with reheat between cylinders and advocated the importance of balancing reciprocating parts. The effect of his improvements was to greatly reduce fuel consumption so that long sea voyages became an economic reality.
    His yard soon reached dimensions then unequalled on the Clyde where he employed over 4,000 workers; Elder also was always interested in the social welfare of his labour force. In 1860 the engine shops were moved to the Govan Old Shipyard, and again in 1864 to the Fairfield Shipyard, about 1 mile (1.6 km) west on the south bank of the Clyde. At Fairfield, shipbuilding was commenced, and with the patents for compounding secure, much business was placed for many years by shipowners serving long-distance trades such as South America; the Pacific Steam Navigation Company took up his ideas for their ships. In later years the yard became known as the Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company Ltd, but it remains today as one of Britain's most efficient shipyards and is known now as Kvaerner Govan Ltd.
    In 1869, at the age of only 45, John Elder was unanimously elected President of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland; however, before taking office and giving his eagerly awaited presidential address, he died in London from liver disease. A large multitude attended his funeral and all the engineering shops were silent as his body, which had been brought back from London to Glasgow, was carried to its resting place. In 1857 Elder had married Isabella Ure, and on his death he left her a considerable fortune, which she used generously for Govan, for Glasgow and especially the University. In 1883 she endowed the world's first Chair of Naval Architecture at the University of Glasgow, an act which was reciprocated in 1901 when the University awarded her an LLD on the occasion of its 450th anniversary.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    President, Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland 1869.
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 1869, Engineer 28.
    1889, The Dictionary of National Biography, London: Smith Elder \& Co. W.J.Macquorn Rankine, 1871, "Sketch of the life of John Elder" Transactions of the
    Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland.
    Maclehose, 1886, Memoirs and Portraits of a Hundred Glasgow Men.
    The Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Works, 1909, London: Offices of Engineering.
    P.M.Walker, 1984, Song of the Clyde, A History of Clyde Shipbuilding, Cambridge: PSL.
    R.L.Hills, 1989, Power from Steam. A History of the Stationary Steam Engine, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (covers Elder's contribution to the development of steam engines).
    RLH / FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Elder, John

  • 96 Riley, James

    SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy
    [br]
    b. 1840 Halifax, England
    d. 15 July 1910 Harrogate, England
    [br]
    English steelmaker who promoted the manufacture of low-carbon bulk steel by the open-hearth process for tin plate and shipbuilding; pioneer of nickel steels.
    [br]
    After working as a millwright in Halifax, Riley found employment at the Ormesby Ironworks in Middlesbrough until, in 1869, he became manager of the Askam Ironworks in Cumberland. Three years later, in 1872, he was appointed Blast-furnace Manager at the pioneering Siemens Steel Company's works at Landore, near Swansea in South Wales. Using Spanish ore, he produced the manganese-rich iron (spiegeleisen) required as an additive to make satisfactory steel. Riley was promoted in 1874 to be General Manager at Landore, and he worked with William Siemens to develop the use of the latter's regenerative furnace for the production of open-hearth steel. He persuaded Welsh makers of tin plate to use sheets rolled from lowcarbon (mild) steel instead of from charcoal iron and, partly by publishing some test results, he was instrumental in influencing the Admiralty to build two naval vessels of mild steel, the Mercury and the Iris.
    In 1878 Riley moved north on his appointment as General Manager of the Steel Company of Scotland, a firm closely associated with Charles Tennant that was formed in 1872 to make steel by the Siemens process. Already by 1878, fourteen Siemens melting furnaces had been erected, and in that year 42,000 long tons of ingots were produced at the company's Hallside (Newton) Works, situated 8 km (5 miles) south-east of Glasgow. Under Riley's leadership, steelmaking in open-hearth furnaces was initiated at a second plant situated at Blochairn. Plates and sections for all aspects of shipbuilding, including boilers, formed the main products; the company also supplied the greater part of the steel for the Forth (Railway) Bridge. Riley was associated with technical modifications which improved the performance of steelmaking furnaces using Siemens's principles. He built a gasfired cupola for melting pig-iron, and constructed the first British "universal" plate mill using three-high rolls (Lauth mill).
    At the request of French interests, Riley investigated the properties of steels containing various proportions of nickel; the report that he read before the Iron and Steel Institute in 1889 successfully brought to the notice of potential users the greatly enhanced strength that nickel could impart and its ability to yield alloys possessing substantially lower corrodibility.
    The Steel Company of Scotland paid dividends in the years to 1890, but then came a lean period. In 1895, at the age of 54, Riley moved once more to another employer, becoming General Manager of the Glasgow Iron and Steel Company, which had just laid out a new steelmaking plant at Wishaw, 25 km (15 miles) south-east of Glasgow, where it already had blast furnaces. Still the technical innovator, in 1900 Riley presented an account of his experiences in introducing molten blast-furnace metal as feed for the open-hearth steel furnaces. In the early 1890s it was largely through Riley's efforts that a West of Scotland Board of Conciliation and Arbitration for the Manufactured Steel Trade came into being; he was its first Chairman and then its President.
    In 1899 James Riley resigned from his Scottish employment to move back to his native Yorkshire, where he became his own master by acquiring the small Richmond Ironworks situated at Stockton-on-Tees. Although Riley's 1900 account to the Iron and Steel Institute was the last of the many of which he was author, he continued to contribute to the discussion of papers written by others.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    President, West of Scotland Iron and Steel Institute 1893–5. Vice-President, Iron and Steel Institute, 1893–1910. Iron and Steel Institute (London) Bessemer Gold Medal 1887.
    Bibliography
    1876, "On steel for shipbuilding as supplied to the Royal Navy", Transactions of the Institute of Naval Architects 17:135–55.
    1884, "On recent improvements in the method of manufacture of open-hearth steel", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 2:43–52 plus plates 27–31.
    1887, "Some investigations as to the effects of different methods of treatment of mild steel in the manufacture of plates", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 1:121–30 (plus sheets II and III and plates XI and XII).
    27 February 1888, "Improvements in basichearth steel making furnaces", British patent no. 2,896.
    27 February 1888, "Improvements in regenerative furnaces for steel-making and analogous operations", British patent no. 2,899.
    1889, "Alloys of nickel and steel", Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute 1:45–55.
    Further Reading
    A.Slaven, 1986, "James Riley", in Dictionary of Scottish Business Biography 1860–1960, Volume 1: The Staple Industries (ed. A.Slaven and S. Checkland), Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 136–8.
    "Men you know", The Bailie (Glasgow) 23 January 1884, series no. 588 (a brief biography, with portrait).
    J.C.Carr and W.Taplin, 1962, History of the British Steel Industry, Harvard University Press (contains an excellent summary of salient events).
    JKA

    Biographical history of technology > Riley, James

  • 97 Meikle, Andrew

    [br]
    b. 1719 Scotland
    d. 27 November 1811
    [br]
    Scottish millwright and inventor of the threshing machine.
    [br]
    The son of the millwright James Meikle, who is credited with the introduction of the winnowing machine into Britain, Andrew Meikle followed in his father's footsteps. His inventive inclinations were first turned to developing his father's idea, and together with his own son George he built and patented a double-fan winnowing machine.
    However, in the history of agricultural development Andrew Meikle is most famous for his invention of the threshing machine, patented in 1784. He had been presented with a model of a threshing mill designed by a Mr Ilderton of Northumberland, but after failing to make a full-scale machine work, he developed the concept further. He eventually built the first working threshing machine for a farmer called Stein at Kilbagio. The patent revolutionized farming practice because it displaced the back-breaking and soul-destroying labour of flailing the grain from the straw. The invention was of great value in Scotland and in northern England when the land was becoming underpopulated as a result of heavy industrialization, but it was bitterly opposed in the south of England until well into the nineteenth century. Although the introduction of the threshing machine led to the "Captain Swing" riots of the 1830s, in opposition to it, it shortly became universal.
    Meikle's provisional patent in 1785 was a natural progression of earlier attempts by other millwrights to produce such a machine. The published patent is based on power provided by a horse engine, but these threshing machines were often driven by water-wheels or even by windmills. The corn stalks were introduced into the machine where they were fed between cast-iron rollers moving quite fast against each other to beat the grain out of the ears. The power source, whether animal, water or wind, had to cause the rollers to rotate at high speed to knock the grain out of the ears. While Meikle's machine was at first designed as a fixed barn machine powered by a water-wheel or by a horse wheel, later threshing machines became mobile and were part of the rig of an agricultural contractor.
    In 1788 Meikle was awarded a patent for the invention of shuttered sails for windmills. This patent is part of the general description of the threshing machine, and whilst it was a practical application, it was superseded by the work of Thomas Cubitt.
    At the turn of the century Meikle became a manufacturer of threshing machines, building appliances that combined the threshing and winnowing principles as well as the reciprocating "straw walkers" found in subsequent threshing machines and in conventional combine harvesters to the present day. However, he made little financial gain from his invention, and a public subscription organized by the President of the Board of Agriculture, Sir John Sinclair, raised £1,500 to support him towards the end of his life.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1831, Threshing Machines in The Dictionary of Mechanical Sciences, Arts and Manufactures, London: Jamieson, Alexander.
    7 March 1768, British patent no. 896, "Machine for dressing wheat, malt and other grain and for cleaning them from sand, dust and smut".
    9 April 1788, British patent no. 1,645, "Machine which may be worked by cattle, wind, water or other power for the purpose of separating corn from the straw".
    Further Reading
    J.E.Handley, 1953, Scottish Farming in the 18th Century, and 1963, The Agricultural Revolution in Scotland (both place Meikle and his invention within their context).
    G.Quick and W.Buchele, 1978, The Grain Harvesters, American Society of Agricultural Engineers (gives an account of the early development of harvesting and cereal treatment machinery).
    KM / AP

    Biographical history of technology > Meikle, Andrew

  • 98 anglicano

    adj.
    Anglican.
    m.
    Anglican.
    * * *
    1 Anglican
    ► nombre masculino,nombre femenino
    1 Anglican
    \
    la Iglesia Anglicana the Anglican Church, the Church of England
    * * *
    (f. - anglicana)
    noun adj.
    * * *
    anglicano, -a
    ADJ SM / F Anglican
    * * *
    - na adjetivo/masculino, femenino Episcopalian ( in US and Scotland), Anglican ( in UK)
    * * *
    Ex. The largest part of the general book stock consists of the material on the Anglican communion = La mayor parte del fondo bibliográfico general consiste en material sobre la religión anglicana.
    ----
    * Iglesia Anglicana, la = Anglican Church, the.
    * * *
    - na adjetivo/masculino, femenino Episcopalian ( in US and Scotland), Anglican ( in UK)
    * * *

    Ex: The largest part of the general book stock consists of the material on the Anglican communion = La mayor parte del fondo bibliográfico general consiste en material sobre la religión anglicana.

    * Iglesia Anglicana, la = Anglican Church, the.

    * * *
    adj/m,f
    Episcopalian ( in US and Scotland), Anglican ( in UK)
    * * *

    anglicano
    ◊ -na adjetivo/ sustantivo masculino, femenino

    Episcopalian ( in US and Scotland), Anglican ( in UK)
    anglicano,-a adjetivo & sustantivo masculino y femenino Anglican
    la Iglesia anglicana, the Anglican Church, the Church of England

    ' anglicano' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    anglicana
    English:
    Anglican
    - vicar
    * * *
    anglicano, -a Rel
    ♦ adj
    Anglican
    ♦ nm,f
    Anglican
    * * *
    I adj Anglican
    II m, anglicana f Anglican
    * * *
    anglicano, -na adj & n
    : Anglican

    Spanish-English dictionary > anglicano

  • 99 church

    church [tʃɜ:tʃ]
    1 noun
    (a) (building → gen) église f; (→ Protestant) église f, temple m;
    ∎ I saw her in church on Sunday je l'ai vue à l'église dimanche
    (b) (services → Protestant) office m; (→ Catholic) messe f;
    ∎ to be at or in church (Protestants) être à l'office ou au temple; (Catholics) être à la messe;
    ∎ to go to church (Protestants) aller au temple ou à l'office; (Catholics) aller à la messe ou à l'église;
    ∎ do you go to church? êtes-vous pratiquant?
    (c) (denomination) Église f;
    ∎ churches all over the world have condemned this decision toutes les Églises du monde ont condamné cette décision
    (d) (UNCOUNT) (clergy) the church les ordres mpl;
    ∎ to go into the church entrer dans les ordres;
    ∎ to leave the church quitter les ordres
    (bell, roof) d'église
    British (gen) faire assister à la messe; (woman after childbirth) faire assister à la messe de relevailles
    ∎ (institution) the Church l'Église f;
    ∎ the Anglican Church l'Église f anglicane;
    ∎ the (Roman) Catholic Church l'Église f catholique;
    ∎ Church and State l'Église f et l'État m;
    ∎ Church of Christian Science Église f de la Science chrétienne;
    ∎ Church of England Église f anglicane;
    ∎ Church of Scotland/Ireland Église f d'Écosse/d'Irlande;
    ∎ Church of Rome Église f catholique
    ►► the Church Commissioners = commission nommée par le gouvernement pour gérer les finances de l'Église d'Angleterre;
    Church Fathers Pères mpl de l'Église;
    church hall salle f paroissiale;
    Church House = siège du synode général de l'Église d'Angleterre;
    American familiar church key (bottle opener) décapsuleur□ m;
    church leader chef m de l'église;
    British church school = école primaire gérée par l'Eglise;
    church service office m, culte m;
    church wedding mariage m religieux
    ⓘ CHURCHES OF ENGLAND, SCOTLAND AND IRELAND L'Église d'Angleterre (anglicane) est l'Église officielle d'Angleterre; son chef laïc est le souverain, son chef spirituel l'archevêque de Cantorbéry. Par contre, la "Church of Scotland", en Écosse, est une église presbytérienne de tendance calviniste. C'est l'église officielle en Écosse depuis 1690: elle est régie par le "Moderator" qui est élu tous les ans par les membres de l'assemblée générale de l'Église. Les membres de son clergé s'appellent des "ministers", et la hiérarchie ne compte pas d'évêques. La branche écossaise de l'Église d'Angleterre se nomme "Episcopal Church in Scotland"; elle fut fondée au XVIème siècle et dispose d'un nombre de fidèles moins important que l'Église d'Écosse. Une troisième Église, la "Free Church of Scotland" fut établie par des protestants écossais dissidents au XIXème siècle. En Irlande il existe aussi la "Church of Ireland", qui est la branche irlandaise de l'Église d'Angleterre.

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > church

  • 100 Wallace, Sir William

    SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
    [br]
    b. 25 August 1881 Leicester, England
    d. 27 May 1963 Edinburgh, Scotland
    [br]
    English engineer; developer of the Denny-Brown fin stabilizer for ships.
    [br]
    Wallace was brought up just outside Glasgow, and educated at Paisley Grammar School and later at the Anderson College in Glasgow. The next few years were typical of the early years in the life of many young engineers: he served an apprenticeship at the Paisley shipyard of Bow, MacLachlan, before joining the British and Burmese Steam Navigation Company (Paddy Henderson's Line) as a junior engineer. After some years on the Glasgow to Rangoon service, he rose to the rank of Chief Engineer early in life and then came ashore in 1911.
    He joined the old established Edinburgh engineering company of Brown Brothers as a draughtsman, but by 1917 had been promoted Managing Director. He was appointed Chairman in 1946. During his near thirty years at the helm, he experimented widely and was the engineering force behind the development of the Denny-Brown ship stabilizer which was jointly pursued by Brown Brothers and the Dumbarton shipyard of William Denny \& Brothers. The first important installation was on the cross-channel steamer Isle of Sark, built at Dumbarton for the Southern Railway in 1932. Over the years countless thousands of these installations have been fitted on liners, warships and luxury yachts. Brown Brothers produced many other important engineering innovations at this time, including the steam catapult for aircraft carriers.
    In later years Sir William (now knighted) took an active part in the cultural life of Edinburgh and of Scotland. From 1952 to 1954 he served as President of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1951. CBE 1944. Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. President, Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland 1952–4; Gold Medal.
    Bibliography
    1954–5 "Experiences in the stabilization of ships", Transactions of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland 98:197–266.
    FMW

    Biographical history of technology > Wallace, Sir William

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