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1 υπερφαλαγγήσει
ὑπερφαλάγγησιςoutflanking of the enemy's line on both wings: fem nom /voc /acc dual (attic epic)ὑπερφαλαγγήσεϊ, ὑπερφαλάγγησιςoutflanking of the enemy's line on both wings: fem dat sg (epic)ὑπερφαλάγγησιςoutflanking of the enemy's line on both wings: fem dat sg (attic ionic)ὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: aor subj act 3rd sg (epic)ὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: fut ind mid 2nd sgὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: fut ind act 3rd sgὑ̱περφαλαγγήσει, ὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: futperf ind mp 2nd sgὑ̱περφαλαγγήσει, ὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: futperf ind act 3rd sgὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: aor subj act 3rd sg (epic)ὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: fut ind mid 2nd sgὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: fut ind act 3rd sg -
2 ὑπερφαλαγγήσει
ὑπερφαλάγγησιςoutflanking of the enemy's line on both wings: fem nom /voc /acc dual (attic epic)ὑπερφαλαγγήσεϊ, ὑπερφαλάγγησιςoutflanking of the enemy's line on both wings: fem dat sg (epic)ὑπερφαλάγγησιςoutflanking of the enemy's line on both wings: fem dat sg (attic ionic)ὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: aor subj act 3rd sg (epic)ὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: fut ind mid 2nd sgὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: fut ind act 3rd sgὑ̱περφαλαγγήσει, ὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: futperf ind mp 2nd sgὑ̱περφαλαγγήσει, ὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: futperf ind act 3rd sgὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: aor subj act 3rd sg (epic)ὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: fut ind mid 2nd sgὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: fut ind act 3rd sg -
3 πολέμιος
A of or belonging to war,κάματοι Pi.P.2.19
; Expl.Arch. de Délos11.140
;τὰ π.
war and its business,Hdt.
5.78, Th.4.80 (s.v.l.), etc.;παρασκευάζεσθαι τὰ π. Id.1.18
.II more freq. of or like an enemy, hostile,ἄνδρες Pi. P.1.80
;χείρ Id.N.4.55
; ; δόρυ ib. 216, etc.;ἄνδρα π. ἐχθρόν τε S.Ph. 1302
; π. δυσμενῆ τε ib. 1323; π. τινί hostile to one, Hdt.1.4, E.Hec. 1138;π. πῦρ νεύροις Hp.Art.11
.b freq. as Subst., enemy, Hdt.1.87, Pi.P.1.15, etc.;οἱ π.
the enemy,Th.
1.84, 2.43, etc.2 generally, opposed, adverse,δύο.. ἐόντα -ώτατα Hdt. 7.47
; δύο.. ἔτι πολεμιώτερα (sc. γῆ καὶ θάλασσα) ib.49; most hurtful,Pl.
Prt. 334b;πολεμία ἡ ὀσμὴ τοῖς ὄφεσιν Arist.HA 612a29
.III of or from the enemy, ;φρυκτοί Th.2.94
;φίλια καὶ π. ναυάγια Lys.2.38
;τριήρεις IG22.29.15
; πολέμια, τά, enemy's wares, contraband, Ar.Ach. 912; ἡ π. (sc. γῆ, χώρα) the enemy's country, X.Cyr.3.3.16, etc., cf. S.Aj. 819.IV Adv. - ίως in hostile manner,φιλίως, οὐ π. Th.3.65
, cf. 66, etc.;π. ἔχειν τινί X.Cyn.7.11
: [comp] Sup.-ιώτατα, διακείμενος SIG741.19
(Epist. Mithrid., i B.C.).— πολέμιος is older than πολεμικός, being always used by Pi. and Trag., and mostly by Hdt. and Th.; in X. and later writers, πολέμιος is mostly used in the sense of hostile, πολεμικός in that of warlike, skilled in war.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πολέμιος
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4 ἐχθρός
ἐχθρός, ά, όν (s. prec. entry; Hom.+) ‘hostile’① pert. to being subjected to hostility, hated, pass. (Hom.; θεοῖς ἐ. since Hes., Theog. 766, also Pla., Rep. 1, 23, 352b; Epict. 3, 22, 91; Ael. Aristid. 28, 15 K.=49 p. 495 D.; Alciphron 3, 12, 5; Athen. 6, 225c; Achilles Tat. 7, 6, 3, likew. X., Cyr. 5, 4, 35 καὶ θεοῖς ἐ. καὶ ἀνθρώποις.—Philo, Spec. Leg. 3, 88 πᾶς ἐ. θεῷ) Ro 11:28, where the pass. sense becomes at least quite probable because of the contrast w. ἀγαπητός, otherwise the passage belongs in 2bα.② pert. to being hostile, hating, hostile, act. (Pind., Hdt. et al.; LXX)ⓐ adj. (X., An. 1, 3, 12; 20; PGM 36, 144; Sir 36:9; Jos., Ant. 11, 27; Just., D. 93, 2 ἐν συνειδήσεσιν ἐ.; Mel., P. 16, 110 al.) ἐ. ἄνθρωπος (Horapollo 2, 35) Mt 13:28. The position of ἐ. before ἄ. (difft. Esth 7:6) suggests that ἐ. is an adj. here, giving the sense hostile person; but ἄ. by itself could also serve to emphasize indefiniteness: some enemy = any enemy at all (s. EKlostermann, Hdb. ad loc.). Then this example would also belong to b.ⓑ subst. (Hes., Pind.; PEdg 14 [=Sb 6720], 18 [257/256 B.C.]; LXX, En 103:12; Test12Patr, EpArist, Philo, Joseph.; SibOr 3, 727) ὁ ἐ. the (personal) enemy.α. abs. 2 Cl 6:3. Enemies of humans (PsSol 17:13; Ar. 15:5; Just., A I, 68, 1 al; Mel., P. 24, 175 al.) Lk 1:74; 2 Th 3:15; D 1:3b; B 16:4; 2 Cl 13:4. Enemies of God or Christ (Just., A I, 51, 1) Ro 5:10; 11:28 (but s. 1 above); 1 Cor 15:25; Col 1:21; 1 Cl 36:6. Death as the last enemy 1 Cor 15:26. The devil as enemy (cp. TestSol 1:2 D; TestJob 47:10; TestDan 6:3f; JosAs 12:8; GrBar 13:2; ApcMos 2:7 al. Mel., P. 102, 783) Lk 10:19; cp. Mt 13:39.β. w. gen. of the pers. who is the obj. of the enmity: people Mt 5:43f; Lk 6:27, 35 (cp. Ox 1224 Fgm. 2 recto I, 2; Delph. commands: SIG 1286 I, 15; 16 [III B.C.] φίλοις εὐνόει, ἐχθροὺς ἀμύνου; Sextus 213 εὔχου τοὺς ἐχθροὺς εὐεργετεῖν; Pittacus in Diog. L. 1, 78 φίλον μὴ λέγειν κακῶς, ἀλλὰ μηδὲ ἐχθρόν; Epict. 3, 22, 54 as a principle of the Cynic philosopher: δερόμενον φιλεῖν [δεῖ] αὐτοὺς τοὺς δέροντας … ὡς ἀδελφόν ‘while enduring a flogging he must think as a brother and love his very floggers’; Vi. Aesop. G 110 P.; Hierocles 7 p. 430 οὐδεὶς ἐχθρὸς τῷ σπουδαίῳ … μισεῖ οὐδένα ἄνθρωπον … φιλία πρὸς πάντας ἀνθρώπους.—HHaas, Idee u. Ideal d. Feindesliebe in d. ausserchr. Welt 1927; MWaldmann, D. Feindesliebe in d. ant. Welt u. im Christent. 1902; TBirt. Chr. Welt 29, 1915, 475–83; FKattenbusch, StKr 89, 1916, 1–70; PFiebig, ibid. 91, 1918, 30–64; 305f; JYates, Theology 44, ’42, 48–51; Betz, SM 301–13); Mt 10:36; 13:25; Lk 1:71; 19:27; Ro 12:20 (Pr 25:21); Gal 4:16; Rv 11:5, 12; GJs 6:3. God or Christ as the object of enmity Mt 22:44; Mk 12:36; Lk 20:43; Ac 2:35; Hb 1:13; 10:13; B 12:10; 1 Cl 36:5 (all Ps 109:1). ἐχθρὸς τ. θεοῦ Js 4:4 (cp. Aeschyl., Prom. 120 ὁ Διὸς ἐ.; Just. D. 93, 4 ὡς ἐ. θεοῦ).γ. w. gen. of that which is the obj. of the enmity (Demosth. 45, 66; Philo, Conf. Lingu. 48 ἀληθείας ἐ., Somn. 2, 90 λογισμοῦ; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 291 ἀδικίας) ἐ. πάσης δικαιοσύνης enemy of all righteousness Ac 13:10. ἐ. τοῦ σταυροῦ τ. Χριστοῦ Phil 3:18 (OLinton, ConNeot 4, ’36, 9–21).—B. 1345. Schmidt, Syn. III 496–506. EDNT. M-M. TW. -
5 δηιάλωτον
δηιάλωτοςtaken by the enemy: masc /fem acc sgδηιάλωτοςtaken by the enemy: neut nom /voc /acc sgδηϊάλωτον, δηιάλωτοςtaken by the enemy: masc /fem acc sgδηϊάλωτον, δηιάλωτοςtaken by the enemy: neut nom /voc /acc sgδῃάλωτοςmasc /fem acc sgδῃάλωτοςneut nom /voc /acc sg -
6 δηάλωτον
δηιάλωτοςtaken by the enemy: masc /fem acc sgδηιάλωτοςtaken by the enemy: neut nom /voc /acc sgδηϊάλωτον, δηιάλωτοςtaken by the enemy: masc /fem acc sgδηϊάλωτον, δηιάλωτοςtaken by the enemy: neut nom /voc /acc sgδῃάλωτοςmasc /fem acc sgδῃάλωτοςneut nom /voc /acc sg -
7 δῃάλωτον
δηιάλωτοςtaken by the enemy: masc /fem acc sgδηιάλωτοςtaken by the enemy: neut nom /voc /acc sgδηϊάλωτον, δηιάλωτοςtaken by the enemy: masc /fem acc sgδηϊάλωτον, δηιάλωτοςtaken by the enemy: neut nom /voc /acc sgδῃάλωτοςmasc /fem acc sgδῃάλωτοςneut nom /voc /acc sg -
8 προσπολεμούμενον
προσπολεμέωcarry on war against: pres part mp masc acc sg (attic epic doric)προσπολεμέωcarry on war against: pres part mp neut nom /voc /acc sg (attic epic doric)προσπολεμέωcarry on war against: pres part mp masc acc sg (attic epic doric)προσπολεμέωcarry on war against: pres part mp neut nom /voc /acc sg (attic epic doric)προσπολεμόομαιmake one's enemy besides: pres part mp masc acc sgπροσπολεμόομαιmake one's enemy besides: pres part mp neut nom /voc /acc sgπροσπολεμόομαιmake one's enemy besides: pres part mp masc acc sgπροσπολεμόομαιmake one's enemy besides: pres part mp neut nom /voc /acc sg -
9 προσπολεμών
προσπολεμέωcarry on war against: pres part act masc nom sg (attic epic doric)προσπολεμέωcarry on war against: pres part act masc nom sg (attic epic doric)προσπολεμόομαιmake one's enemy besides: pres part act masc voc sg (doric aeolic)προσπολεμόομαιmake one's enemy besides: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg (doric aeolic)προσπολεμόομαιmake one's enemy besides: pres part act masc nom sgπροσπολεμόομαιmake one's enemy besides: pres inf act (doric) -
10 προσπολεμῶν
προσπολεμέωcarry on war against: pres part act masc nom sg (attic epic doric)προσπολεμέωcarry on war against: pres part act masc nom sg (attic epic doric)προσπολεμόομαιmake one's enemy besides: pres part act masc voc sg (doric aeolic)προσπολεμόομαιmake one's enemy besides: pres part act neut nom /voc /acc sg (doric aeolic)προσπολεμόομαιmake one's enemy besides: pres part act masc nom sgπροσπολεμόομαιmake one's enemy besides: pres inf act (doric) -
11 προσπολεμώσι
προσπολεμέωcarry on war against: pres subj act 3rd pl (attic epic doric)προσπολεμέωcarry on war against: pres subj act 3rd pl (attic epic doric)προσπολεμόομαιmake one's enemy besides: pres subj mp 2nd sg (epic)προσπολεμόομαιmake one's enemy besides: pres subj mp 2nd sg (epic)προσπολεμόομαιmake one's enemy besides: pres subj act 3rd plπροσπολεμόομαιmake one's enemy besides: pres subj act 3rd sg (epic) -
12 προσπολεμῶσι
προσπολεμέωcarry on war against: pres subj act 3rd pl (attic epic doric)προσπολεμέωcarry on war against: pres subj act 3rd pl (attic epic doric)προσπολεμόομαιmake one's enemy besides: pres subj mp 2nd sg (epic)προσπολεμόομαιmake one's enemy besides: pres subj mp 2nd sg (epic)προσπολεμόομαιmake one's enemy besides: pres subj act 3rd plπροσπολεμόομαιmake one's enemy besides: pres subj act 3rd sg (epic) -
13 προσπολεμώσιν
προσπολεμέωcarry on war against: pres subj act 3rd pl (attic epic doric)προσπολεμέωcarry on war against: pres subj act 3rd pl (attic epic doric)προσπολεμόομαιmake one's enemy besides: pres subj mp 2nd sg (epic)προσπολεμόομαιmake one's enemy besides: pres subj mp 2nd sg (epic)προσπολεμόομαιmake one's enemy besides: pres subj act 3rd plπροσπολεμόομαιmake one's enemy besides: pres subj act 3rd sg (epic) -
14 προσπολεμῶσιν
προσπολεμέωcarry on war against: pres subj act 3rd pl (attic epic doric)προσπολεμέωcarry on war against: pres subj act 3rd pl (attic epic doric)προσπολεμόομαιmake one's enemy besides: pres subj mp 2nd sg (epic)προσπολεμόομαιmake one's enemy besides: pres subj mp 2nd sg (epic)προσπολεμόομαιmake one's enemy besides: pres subj act 3rd plπροσπολεμόομαιmake one's enemy besides: pres subj act 3rd sg (epic) -
15 συναπεχθάνεσθ'
συναπεχθάνεσθε, συναπεχθάνομαιbecome an enemy together: pres imperat mid 2nd plσυναπεχθάνεσθε, συναπεχθάνομαιbecome an enemy together: pres ind mid 2nd plσυναπεχθάνεσθαι, συναπεχθάνομαιbecome an enemy together: pres inf midσυναπεχθάνεσθε, συναπεχθάνομαιbecome an enemy together: imperf ind mid 2nd pl (homeric ionic) -
16 υπερφαλαγγούμενον
ὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: pres part mp masc acc sg (attic epic doric)ὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: pres part mp neut nom /voc /acc sg (attic epic doric)ὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: pres part mp masc acc sg (attic epic doric)ὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: pres part mp neut nom /voc /acc sg (attic epic doric) -
17 ὑπερφαλαγγούμενον
ὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: pres part mp masc acc sg (attic epic doric)ὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: pres part mp neut nom /voc /acc sg (attic epic doric)ὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: pres part mp masc acc sg (attic epic doric)ὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: pres part mp neut nom /voc /acc sg (attic epic doric) -
18 υπερφαλαγγώ
ὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: pres subj act 1st sg (attic epic doric)ὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: pres ind act 1st sg (attic epic doric)ὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: pres subj act 1st sg (attic epic doric)ὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: pres ind act 1st sg (attic epic doric) -
19 ὑπερφαλαγγῶ
ὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: pres subj act 1st sg (attic epic doric)ὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: pres ind act 1st sg (attic epic doric)ὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: pres subj act 1st sg (attic epic doric)ὑπερφαλαγγέωextend the line of one's phalanx so as to outflank the enemy on both wings: pres ind act 1st sg (attic epic doric) -
20 ἔχθος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `hatred, enmity' (Il.).Compounds: As 2. member in φιλ-εχθής `who is prone to hate' (Theoc. 5, 137),.Derivatives: ἐχθρός `hated' (thus always in Hom.), `hateful', m. `enemy' (Hes., Pi.); with ἐχθίων, ἔχθιστος (A. resp. Il.); ἔχθρα, ion. - ρη f. `hate, enmity' (Ion.-Att., Pi.; on the formation Chantraine Formation 226). - Verbs: ἔχθομαι, only present-stem, `be hated' (Od.), act. ἔχθω `hate' (trag.); ἀπ-εχθάνομαι (β 202), aor. ἀπ-εχθέσθαι (Il.), fut. ἀπ-εχθήσομαι (Hdt.), late present ἀπ-έχθομαι (Theoc., Lyc.) `make oneself hated' with ἀπεχθής `hated' (S., D.), ἀπέχθεια `be hated, hate' (Att.), ἀπέχθημα `object of hate' (E. Tr. 425; cf. Chantraine Formation 177f.); ἐχθαίρω, aor. ἐχθῆραι, also with ἀπ-, ὑπερ-, συν-, `hate' (Il.); ἐχθραίνω, aor. ἐχθρᾶναι (X.) `be enemy, hate' with ἔχθρασμα ἔχθρα H.; ἐχθρεύω `be enemy' (LXX, Phld.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [292] *h₁eǵʰs-to- `outsider'Etymology: The relation of the words cited is not always clear. Clearly ἐχθραίνω and ἐχθρεύω are late derivations of ἐχθρός; much older ἐχθαίρω is also a denominative of ἐχθρός (Schwyzer 725). Also ἀπ-εχθάνομαι could with r:n-interchange be related to ἐχθρός (Benveniste Origines 16), though it could as well be a nasal enlargement of ἔχθομαι, ἀπ-εχθέσθαι (Schwyzer 700, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 315f..). ἔχθομαι is acc. to Schwyzer 725 a backformation from ἐχθαίρω, but it is better connected to ἔχθος like σθένω to σθένος (Schwyzer 723). - More difficult is the interpretation of ἔχθος and ἐχθρός, for which cf. αἶσχος: αἰσχρός, κῦδος: κυδρός. If we start from ἐχθρός and consider ἔχθος with ἔχθομαι, ἐχθίων, ἔχθιστος as innovations, perhaps after κυδρός, κυδίων, κύδιστος, τὸ κῦδος, we can connect ἐχθρός with Lat. extrā `outside', exterus `being outside', and so also with ἐχθός = ἐκτός `outside' (Leumann Hom. Wörter 158 n. 1 with Keil Hermes 25, 601, s. also Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73: 2, 30; against this Wackernagel KZ 31, 41 = Kl. Schr. 1, 720); ἐχθρός then would be prop. `outside, being in foreign territory, foreigner, enemy'; cf. Lat. hostis. - More in Bq, Seiler Steigerungsformen 77f., W.-Hofmann s. ex, Pok. 292f. Now Čop KZ 74, 225f.Page in Frisk: 1,600-601Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔχθος
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