emittere+e

vb issue.

ē-mitto, mīsi, missum, 3, v. a., to send out, send forth, to let out, let go (freq. and class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

quibuscum tamquam e carceribus emissus sis,

Cic. Lael. 27, 101; cf.:

aperiam carceres et equos emittere incipiam,

Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 1:

ex porta ludis cum emissu'st lepus,

Plaut. Pers. 3, 3, 31:

aliquem e carcere,

Cic. Planc. 12 fin.:

aliquem ex vinculis,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 48; Cic. Tusc. 1, 31:

aliquem e custodia,

id. ib. 1, 49, 118 (cf. Nep. Cim. 1).—As milit. t. t., to send out against the enemy:

essedarios ex silvis,

Caes. B. G. 5, 19, 2; cf.:

equitibus emissis,

id. ib. 5, 26, 3:

Caesar omnibus portis eruptione facta equitatuque emisso hostes in fugam dat,

id. ib. 5, 51, 5;

5, 58, 4 et saep.: aliquem de carcere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 9; cf.:

Licinium fugere conantem de manibus,

id. Cael. 28; Liv. 21, 48;

for which: Hannibalem e manibus,

id. 22, 3;

and merely manibus,

id. 44, 36:

aliquem noctu per vallum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 76, 4:

aliquem pabulatum,

id. ib. 1, 81, 4; cf. id. ib. 3, 76, 1:

aliquem sub jugum,

Liv. 9, 6 fin. et saep.:

ut abs te non emissus ex urbe, sed immissus in urbem esse videatur,

sent out, turned out, Cic. Cat. 1, 11; cf. id. Rep. 4, 5 fin.:

scutum manu,

to throw away, throw aside, Caes. B. G. 1, 25, 4:

pila,

to throw, hurl, cast, discharge, id. ib. 2, 23, 1; Liv. 9, 13; 32, 17 et saep.; cf.:

hastam in fines eorum,

Liv. 1, 32:

aquam ex lacu Albano,

to let off, id. 5, 15; cf.:

aquam impetu,

Suet. Claud. 32:

lacus Velinus, a Curio emissus,

Cic. Att. 4, 15, 5; Suet. Caes. 44:

flumen per prona montis,

Curt. 7, 11:

sanguinem de aure,

to let, Col. 6, 14, 3; cf.:

sanguinem venis,

Plin. 25, 5, 23, § 56:

ova,

to lay, id. 11, 24, 29, § 85:

folia,

to put forth, produce, id. 18, 20, 49, § 182; cf.

transf.: ulmi emittuntur in ramos,

id. 17, 12, 18, § 90:

librum de arte aleam ludendi,

to put forth, publish, Suet. Claud. 33; cf.:

aliquid dignum nostro nomine emittere,

Cic. Fam. 7, 33:

fulmina,

id. Div. 2, 19 fin.:

sonitum ex alto,

Lucr. 4, 694; cf.:

vocem caelo,

Liv. 5, 51:

sonitum linguae,

Lucr. 5, 1044:

vocem,

to utter, id. 4, 548; 5, 1088; Liv. 1, 54 et saep.:

flatum crepitumque ventris,

Suet. Claud. 32 fin.: animam, to expire, Nep. Epam. 9, 3:

spiritum,

Vulg. Matt. 27, 50:

si nubium conflictu ardor expressus se emiserit, id esse fulmen,

has broken forth, burst forth, Cic. Div. 2, 19, 44.—

In partic.: manu emittere aliquem for the usu. manu mittere aliquem, to release a person from one's potestas, to set free, emancipate (anteclass. and since the Aug. per.), Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 55; id. Men. 5, 8, 52; id. Rud. 4, 6, 14 et saep.; Ter. Ph. 5, 5, 2; Liv. 24, 18, 12; Suet. Vit. 6; Tac. A. 15, 19; Macr. S. 1, 11;

so without manu,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 2, 37; Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 19; cf.

of a debtor: libra et aere liberatum emittit,

Liv. 6, 14, 5.

Trop., to let forth, let go, send out:

manibus manifesta suis emittere quoquam,

to let slip from our hands that which is evident, Lucr. 4, 504; cf.:

emissa de manibus res est,

Liv. 37, 12:

cum illud facetum dictum emissum haerere debeat (a fig. borrowed from missive weapons),

Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 219; cf.:

et semel emissum volat irrevocabile verbum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 71:

argumenta,

Cic. de Or. 2, 53, 214; and:

maledictum,

id. Planc. 23 fin.

* * *

* * *

ănĭma, ae, f. ( gen. animāï, Lucr. 1, 112; 3, 150 et saep.; cf. Neue, Formenl. I. p. 12; Lachm. ad Lucr. 1, 29; dat. and abl. plur. regul. animis, Cic. Fam. 14, 14; Lact. Inst. 6, 20, 19; 7, 2, 1; Arn. 2, 18; 2, 30; 2, 33; Aug. Civ. Dei, 13, 18; 13, 19; id. Ver. Relig. 22, 43:

animabus, only in eccl. and later Lat.,

Vulg. Exod. 30, 12; ib. Psa. 77, 18; ib. Matt. 11, 29; ib. Heb. 13, 17 et saep.; Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 34; id. Anim. 33 al.; Aug. Civ. Dei, 19, 23; Prud. c. Symm. 1, 531; Aus. Rer. Odyss. 11; Serv. ad Verg. A. 6, 136 al.; Neue, Formenl. I. p. 29) [v. animus], pr. that which blows or breathes; hence,

Lit., air, a current of air, a breeze, wind (mostly poet.):

ne quid animae forte amittat dormiens,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 23 sq.: vela ventorum animae immittere, Att. ap. Non. p. 234, 9 (Trag. Rel. p. 137 Rib.):

aurarum leves animae,

Lucr. 5, 236:

prece quaesit Ventorum pavidus paces animasque secundas,

he anxiously implores a lull in the winds and a favoring breeze, id. 5, 1229:

impellunt animae lintea,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 2:

Ne dubites quin haec animaï turbida sit vis,

Lucr. 6, 693: Quantum ignes animaeque [p. 121] valent (of the wind in the workshop of Vulcan), Verg. A. 8, 403.—Also of a flame of fire (blowing like the air): noctilucam tollo, ad focum fero, inflo; anima reviviscit, Varr. ap. Non. p. 234, 5.—

Transf.

In gen., the air, as an element, like fire, water, and earth (mostly poet.): aqua, terra, anima et sol, Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 1, 4, 1:

qui quattuor ex rebus posse omnia rentur, Ex igni, terrā atque animā, procrescere et imbri,

Lucr. 1, 715:

ut, quem ad modum ignis animae, sic anima aquae, quodque anima aquae, id aqua terrae proportione redderet. Earum quattuor rerum etc.,

Cic. Tim. 5:

utrum (animus) sit ignis, an anima, an sanguis,

id. Ac. 2, 39, 124:

si anima est (animus), fortasse dissipabitur,

id. Tusc. 1, 1, 24; 1, 25, 6:

si deus aut anima aut ignis est, idem est animus hominis,

id. ib. 1, 26, 65:

animus ex inflammatā animā constat, ut potissimum videri video Panaetio,

id. ib. 1, 18, 42:

Semina terrarumque animaeque,

Verg. E. 6, 32.—

The air inhaled and exhaled, breath (concr.); while spiritus denotes orig. breathing (abstr.; very freq. in prose and poetry); cf. Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 136:

excipiat animam eam, quae ducta sit spiritu,

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 44:

animam compressi, aurem admovi,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 28 Ruhnk.:

animam recipe,

take breath, id. Ad. 3, 2, 26:

cum spiritus ejus (sc. Demosthenis) esset angustior, tantum continendā animā in dicendo est assecutus, ut, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 61, 261:

ne circuitus ipse verborum sit longior quam vires atque anima patiatur,

id. ib. 3, 49, 191; 3, 46, 181; id. N. D. 2, 54, 136: fetida anima nasum oppugnat, Titin. ap. Non. p. 233, 5 (Com. Rel. p. 136 Rib.); Caecil. ib. 9:

qui non modo animum integrum, sed ne animam quidem puram conservare potuisset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58: animas et olentia Medi Ora fovent illo, with this the Medes correct their breath, etc., Verg. G. 2, 134:

respiramen iterque Eripiunt animae,

Ov. M. 12, 143; cf. id. F. 1, 425:

animae gravitas,

bad smell of the breath, Plin. 20, 9, 35, § 91; cf. id. 11, 37, 72, § 188; 22, 25, 64, § 132 al.:

artavit clusitque animam,

Luc. 4, 370; so Tac. A. 6, 50:

spes illorum abominatio animae,

Vulg. Job, 11, 20.—Of breath exhaled:

inspirant graves animas,

Ov. M. 4, 498.— Of the air breathed into a musical instrument, a breath of air, Varr. ap. Non. p. 233. 13.—Since air is a necessary condition of life,

1.. The vital principle, the breath of life:

animus est, quo sapimus, anima, quā vivimus,

Non. p. 426, 27 (hence anima denotes the animal principle of life, in distinction from animus, the spiritual, reasoning, willing principle; very freq. in Lucr. and class.): Mater est terra, ea parit corpus, animam aether adjugat, Pac. ap. Non. p. 75, 11 (Trag. Rel. p. 88 Rib.):

tunc cum primis ratione sagaci, Unde anima atque animi constet natura, videndum,

whence spring life and the nature of the mind, Lucr. 1, 131; 3, 158 sq.; so id. 3, 417 sq.; 3, 565; 3, 705; 2, 950; 4, 922; 4, 944; 4, 959; 6, 798; 6, 1223;

6, 1233 et saep.: deus totus est sensuus, totus visuus, totus audituus, totus animae, totus animi, totus sui,

Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 14 Jan:

quaedam (animantia) animum habent, quaedam tantum animam,

Sen. Ep. 58:

anima omnis carnis in sanguine est,

Vulg. Lev. 17, 14 al. —Hence,

In gen., life:

cum anima corpus liquerit,

Att. Trag. Rel. p. 214 Rib.:

Animae pauxillulum in me habet,

Naev. Com. Rel. p. 14 Rib.: Date ferrum, quī me animā privem, Enn. ap. Non. p. 474, 31 (Trag. Rel. p. 37 Rib.): me dicabo atque animam devōvo (i. e. devovero) hostibus, Att. ap. Non. p. 98, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 283 Rib.):

conficit animam vis volneris,

Att. Trag. Rel. p. 209 Rib.:

adimere animam,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 137; so id. Men. 5, 5, 7:

exstinguere,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 16:

relinquere,

id. ib. 3, 4, 52:

edere,

Cic. Sest. 38:

de vestrā vitā, de conjugum vestrarum ac liberorum animā judicandum est,

id. Cat. 4, 9, 18:

si tibi omnia sua praeter animam tradidit,

id. Rosc. Am. 50:

libertas et anima nostra in dubio est,

Sall. C. 52, 6:

pauci, quibus relicta est anima, clausi in tenebris, etc.,

id. J. 14, 15; cf.

retinere,

id. ib. 31, 20:

de manu viri et fratris ejus requiram animam hominis,

Vulg. Gen. 9, 5; ib. Matt. 2, 20; ib. 1 Cor. 14, 7:

animam agere,

to give up the ghost, to die, Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 19;

so also efflare,

to expire, id. ib.; id. Mil. 18 fin.; Suet. Aug. 99; so,

exhalare,

Ov. M. 15, 528; and, exspirare, id. ib. 5, 106 (cf. in Gr. thumon apopneein, psuchên ekpneein, bion apopsuchein, etc.):

deponere,

Nep. Hann. 1, 3:

ponere,

Vulg. Joan. 10, 17; 13, 27:

amittere,

Lucr. 6, 1233:

emittere,

Nep. Epam. 9, 3 Br. (so in Gr. aphienai tên psuchên):

proicere,

Verg. A. 6, 436:

purpuream vomit ille animam, said of a wounded man,

id. ib. 9, 349.—In Vulg. Matt. 16, 25 and 26, anima in v. 25 seems to pass to the higher meaning, soul, (cf. infra, II. D.) in v. 26, as hê psuchê in the original also can do.— Poet.:

anima amphorae,

the fumes of wine, Phaedr. 3, 1: Ni ego illi puteo, si occepso, animam omnem intertraxero, draw up all the life of that well, i. e. draw it dry, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 41.— Trop.:

corpus imperii unius praesidis nutu, quasi animā et mente, regeretur,

Flor. 4, 3:

accentus quasi anima vocis est,

Pompon. p. 67 Lind.—Prov.: animam debere, to owe life itself, of one deeply in debt:

quid si animam debet?

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 56 (Graecum proverbium: kai autên tên psuchên opheilei, Don.).—Metaph., applied to plants and other things possessing organic life, Sen. Ep. 58; so Plin. 17, 21, 35, § 152; 31, 1, 1, § 3; 14, 1, 3, § 16 al.—

Meton., a creature endowed with anima, a living being: ova parere solet genu' pennis condecoratum, non animam, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, 10, 18:

hi (deos) fibris animāque litant,

Stat. Th. 2, 246; Vulg. Gen. 2, 7; ib. Josh. 11, 11; ib. Luc. 9, 56; ib. Act. 2, 43 et saep.:

animae rationis expertes,

Lact. 3, 8.—So esp. of men (as we also say souls for persons; poet. or in post-Aug. prose):

egregias animas, quae sanguine nobis Hanc patriam peperere suo, etc.,

Verg. A. 11, 24:

animae quales nec candidiores, etc.,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 41; Luc. 5, 322:

vos Treveri et ceterae servientium animae,

ministering spirits, Tac. H. 4, 32.—So in enumerations in eccl. Lat.:

hos genuit Jacob sedecim animas,

Vulg. Gen. 46, 18; 46, 22; ib. Act. 2, 41; 7, 14.—Of slaves (eccl. Lat.):

merces animarum hominum,

Vulg. Apoc. 18, 13 (after the use of hê psuchê and). —Hence, also, souls separated from the body, the shades of the Lower World, manes: Unde (ex Averno) animae excitantur, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:

tu pias laetis animas reponis Sedibus,

Hor. C. 1, 10, 17; cf. id. S. 1, 8, 29:

animamque sepulcro Condimus,

Verg. A. 3, 67; Ov. M. 7, 612; so id. ib. 8, 488; 10, 41; 14, 411; 15, 158; Suet. Caes. 88; so,

vita: tenuīs sine corpore vitas volitare,

Verg. A. 6, 292.—So in eccl. Lat. of departed spirits:

timete eum, qui potest animam et corpus perdere in Gehennam,

Vulg. Matt. 10, 28 bis:

non derelinques animam meam in Inferno,

ib. Act. 2, 27; ib. Apoc. 6, 9; 20, 4.—

As expressive of love:

vos, meae carissimae animae,

my dearest souls, Cic. Fam. 14, 14; 14, 18:

Pro quā non metuam mori, Si parcent animae fata superstiti,

the dear surviving life, Hor. C. 3, 9, 12; cf.:

animae dimidium meae,

id. ib. 1, 3, 8:

meae pars animae,

id. ib. 2, 17, 5.—

Sometimes for animus, as the rational soul of man.

The mind as the seat of thought (cf. animus, II. A.):

anima rationis consiliique particeps,

Cic. N.D.1, 31, 87:

causa in animā sensuque meo penitus affixa atque insita,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 53:

ingenii facinora, sicut anima, immortalia sunt,

Sall. J. 2, 2.—So often in eccl. Lat.:

ad te Domine, levavi animam meam,

Vulg. Psa. 24, 1; 102, 1; 118, 129:

magnificat anima mea Dominum,

ib. Luc. 1, 46; ib. Act. 15, 24 al.—

As the seat of feeling (cf. animus, II. B.): sapimus animo, fruimur animā: sine animo anima est debilis, Att. ap. Non. p. 426, 29 (Trag. Rel. p. 175 Rib.):

desiderat anima mea ad te, Deus,

Vulg. Psa. 41, 2:

tristis est anima mea,

ib. Matt. 26, 38; ib. Joan. 10, 27 et saep.—

For consciousness (cf. animus, II. A. 3. and conscientia, II. A.):

cum perhibetur animam liquisse,

Lucr. 3, 598; in this phrase animus is more common.

bracchĭum (less correctly brāchĭ-um; gen. bracchi, Lucr. 6, 434), ii, n. [perh. kindr. with Gr. brachiôn; but cf. Sanscr. bāhu; like frango, Sanscr. bhang, Bopp, Gloss. p. 239 a], the arm; particularly,

Lit., the forearm, from the hand to the elbow (while lacertus is the upper arm, from the elbow to the shoulder), Lucr. 4, 830; 6, 397:

bracchia et lacerti,

Ov. M. 1, 501; 1, 550 sq.:

subjecta lacertis bracchia,

id. ib. 14, 305; Curt. 8, 9, 21; 9, 1, 29:

(feminae) nudae bracchia et lacertos,

Tac. G. 17 (opp. umerus); Cels. 8, 1, § 79 sqq.; 8, 10, § 55 sqq.—Far oftener,

Transf.

In gen., the arm, the whole arm, from the shoulder to the fingers, Pac. ap. Non. p. 87, 26, and Varr. L. L. 5, 7, p. 4 Müll.; id. ap. Gell. 16, 16, 4:

quod eum bracchium fregisse diceret,

Cic. de Or. 2, 62, 253; cf. Cels. 1, 10, 3:

multi ut diu jactato bracchio praeoptarent scutum manu emittere et nudo corpore pugnare,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

bracchium (sc. dextrum) cohibere togā,

Cic. Cael. 5, 11 (cf. Sen. Contr. 5, 6:

bracchium extra togam exserere): eodem ictu bracchia ferro exsolvunt (i.e. venas incidunt, as, soon after, crurum et poplitum venas abrumpit),

Tac. A. 15, 63; 1, 41.—Of embraces:

collo dare bracchia circum,

to throw the arms round the neck, Verg. A. 6, 700; cf.:

circumdare collo,

Ov. M. 9, 459:

implicare collo,

id. ib. 1, 762:

inicere collo,

id. ib. 3, 389:

cervici dare,

Hor. C. 3, 9, 2:

lentis adhaerens bracchiis,

id. Epod. 15, 6: Hephaestionis bracchium hastā ictum est, Curt. 4, 16, 31:

ut in jaculando bracchia reducimus,

Quint. 10, 3, 6:

sinisteriore bracchio,

Suet. Dom. 17:

bracchia ad superas extulit auras,

Verg. A. 5, 427:

alternaque jactat Bracchia protendens (Dares),

id. ib. 5, 377:

juventus horrida bracchiis,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 50.—Of a rower:

si bracchia forte remisit,

Verg. G. 1, 202:

matri bracchia tendere,

Ov. M. 3, 723:

patrio tendens bracchia caelo,

id. ib. 9, 210:

tendens ad caelum bracchia,

id. ib. 9, 293:

precando Bracchia sustulerat,

id. ib. 6, 262.—Prov.:

dirigere bracchia contra Torrentem,

to swim against the current, Juv. 4, 89.—

Of the movement of the arms in speaking:

bracchii projectione in contentionibus, contractione in remissis,

Cic. Or. 18, 59; so Quint. 11, 3, 84:

extento bracchio paululum de gestu addidit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 59, 242:

demissa bracchia,

Quint. 2, 13, 9:

a latere modice remota,

id. 11, 3, 159:

ut bracchio exserto introspiciatur latus,

id. 11, 3, 118:

aliqui transversum bracchium proferunt et cubito pronunciant,

id. 11, 3, 93:

bracchium in latus jactant,

id. 4, 2, 39:

si contendemus per continuationem, bracchio celeri, mobili vultu utemur,

Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—

Of the motion of the arms in dancing:

bracchia in numerum jactare,

Lucr. 4, 769;

imitated by Ov.: numerosa bracchia jactat (ducit, Jahn),

Ov. Am. 2,4,29, and id. R. Am. 754; Lucr. 4, 790; imitated in Ov. A. A. 1, 595; Prop. 2 (3), 22, 6; imitated in Stat. S. 3, 5, 66; cf.

of the labors of the Cyclopes: illi inter sese magnā vi bracchia tollunt In numerum,

Verg. G. 4, 174.—

Trop.: levi or molli bracchio agere aliquid, to do any thing superficially, negligently, remissly (prob. peculiar to the lang. of conversation), Cic. Att. 4, 16, 6; so,

molli bracchio aliquem objurgare,

id. ib. 2, 1, 6.—Prov.:

praebuerim sceleri bracchia nostra tuo,

lend a hand, Ov. H. 7, 126.—

The limbs of animals analogous to the arms of men; of the claws of crawfish, etc., Ov. M. 4, 625; 10, 127; 15, 369; Plin. 9, 31, 51, § 97: hence also of the sign Cancer, Ov. M. 2, 83; also of Scorpio, Verg. G. 1, 34; Ov. M. 2, 82; 2, 195.—Of the claws of the nautilus, Plin. 9, 29, 47, § 88, and other sea-fish, id. 11, 48, 108, § 258.—Of the lion:

in feminum et bracchiorum ossibus,

Plin. 11, 37, 86, § 214.—

Comicé for armus or femur (as inversely armus = bracchium): Ar. Edepol vel elephanto in Indiā Quo pacto pugno perfregisti bracchium. Py. Quid? bracchium? Ar. Illud dicere volui femur, the shoulder, the shoulder-blade of the elephant, Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 26 sq. Brix ad loc.—

The branches of trees (cf. Ov. M. 1, 550: in ramos bracchia crescunt;

v. also manus and coma): vitem sub bracchia ungito,

Cato, R. R. 95 fin.;

of the vine,

Verg. G. 2, 368; Col. 4, 24, 2; 7, 8 sq.; 5, 5, 9 sq.; Pall. Febr. 9, 6;

id. Mai, 2, 1: quatiens bracchia Quercus,

Cat. 64, 105:

differt quod in bracchia ramorum spargitur,

Plin. 13, 9, 18, § 62:

(aesculus) Tum fortes late ramos et bracchia tendens, etc.,

Verg. G. 2, 296; Ov. M. 14, 630; Val. Fl. 8, 114.—

An arm of the sea:

nec bracchia longo Margine terrarum porrexerat Amphitrite,

Ov. M. 1, 13; Curt. 6, 4, 16.—

The collateral branches or ridges of a mountain:

Taurus ubi bracchia emittit,

Plin. 5, 27, 27, § 98.—

Poet., = antenna, the sail-yards:

jubet intendi bracchia velis,

Verg. A. 5, 829; cf. Stat. S. 5, 1, 244.—

In milit. lang., a ( natural or artificial) outwork or line for connecting two points in fortifications, etc.; Gr. skelê:

aliā parte consul muro Ardeae bracchium injunxerat,

a line of communication, Liv. 4, 9, 14; 38, 5, 8; 22, 52, 1 Drak.; 44, 35, 13; Hirt. B. Alex. 30; id. B. Afr. 38; 49; 51; 56; id. B. Hisp. 5; 6; 13; Curt. 6, 4, 16; Luc. 3, 387; 4, 266.—So of the side-works, moles, dikes, in the fortification of a harbor, Liv. 31, 26, 8; cf. Just. 5, 8, 5 Gron.; Plin. Ep. 6, 31, 15; Suet. Claud. 20.—

The arm of a catapult or ballista, Vitr. 1, 1; 10, 15 sq.

bracchĭum (less correctly brāchĭ-um; gen. bracchi, Lucr. 6, 434), ii, n. [perh. kindr. with Gr. brachiôn; but cf. Sanscr. bāhu; like frango, Sanscr. bhang, Bopp, Gloss. p. 239 a], the arm; particularly,

Lit., the forearm, from the hand to the elbow (while lacertus is the upper arm, from the elbow to the shoulder), Lucr. 4, 830; 6, 397:

bracchia et lacerti,

Ov. M. 1, 501; 1, 550 sq.:

subjecta lacertis bracchia,

id. ib. 14, 305; Curt. 8, 9, 21; 9, 1, 29:

(feminae) nudae bracchia et lacertos,

Tac. G. 17 (opp. umerus); Cels. 8, 1, § 79 sqq.; 8, 10, § 55 sqq.—Far oftener,

Transf.

In gen., the arm, the whole arm, from the shoulder to the fingers, Pac. ap. Non. p. 87, 26, and Varr. L. L. 5, 7, p. 4 Müll.; id. ap. Gell. 16, 16, 4:

quod eum bracchium fregisse diceret,

Cic. de Or. 2, 62, 253; cf. Cels. 1, 10, 3:

multi ut diu jactato bracchio praeoptarent scutum manu emittere et nudo corpore pugnare,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

bracchium (sc. dextrum) cohibere togā,

Cic. Cael. 5, 11 (cf. Sen. Contr. 5, 6:

bracchium extra togam exserere): eodem ictu bracchia ferro exsolvunt (i.e. venas incidunt, as, soon after, crurum et poplitum venas abrumpit),

Tac. A. 15, 63; 1, 41.—Of embraces:

collo dare bracchia circum,

to throw the arms round the neck, Verg. A. 6, 700; cf.:

circumdare collo,

Ov. M. 9, 459:

implicare collo,

id. ib. 1, 762:

inicere collo,

id. ib. 3, 389:

cervici dare,

Hor. C. 3, 9, 2:

lentis adhaerens bracchiis,

id. Epod. 15, 6: Hephaestionis bracchium hastā ictum est, Curt. 4, 16, 31:

ut in jaculando bracchia reducimus,

Quint. 10, 3, 6:

sinisteriore bracchio,

Suet. Dom. 17:

bracchia ad superas extulit auras,

Verg. A. 5, 427:

alternaque jactat Bracchia protendens (Dares),

id. ib. 5, 377:

juventus horrida bracchiis,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 50.—Of a rower:

si bracchia forte remisit,

Verg. G. 1, 202:

matri bracchia tendere,

Ov. M. 3, 723:

patrio tendens bracchia caelo,

id. ib. 9, 210:

tendens ad caelum bracchia,

id. ib. 9, 293:

precando Bracchia sustulerat,

id. ib. 6, 262.—Prov.:

dirigere bracchia contra Torrentem,

to swim against the current, Juv. 4, 89.—

Of the movement of the arms in speaking:

bracchii projectione in contentionibus, contractione in remissis,

Cic. Or. 18, 59; so Quint. 11, 3, 84:

extento bracchio paululum de gestu addidit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 59, 242:

demissa bracchia,

Quint. 2, 13, 9:

a latere modice remota,

id. 11, 3, 159:

ut bracchio exserto introspiciatur latus,

id. 11, 3, 118:

aliqui transversum bracchium proferunt et cubito pronunciant,

id. 11, 3, 93:

bracchium in latus jactant,

id. 4, 2, 39:

si contendemus per continuationem, bracchio celeri, mobili vultu utemur,

Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—

Of the motion of the arms in dancing:

bracchia in numerum jactare,

Lucr. 4, 769;

imitated by Ov.: numerosa bracchia jactat (ducit, Jahn),

Ov. Am. 2,4,29, and id. R. Am. 754; Lucr. 4, 790; imitated in Ov. A. A. 1, 595; Prop. 2 (3), 22, 6; imitated in Stat. S. 3, 5, 66; cf.

of the labors of the Cyclopes: illi inter sese magnā vi bracchia tollunt In numerum,

Verg. G. 4, 174.—

Trop.: levi or molli bracchio agere aliquid, to do any thing superficially, negligently, remissly (prob. peculiar to the lang. of conversation), Cic. Att. 4, 16, 6; so,

molli bracchio aliquem objurgare,

id. ib. 2, 1, 6.—Prov.:

praebuerim sceleri bracchia nostra tuo,

lend a hand, Ov. H. 7, 126.—

The limbs of animals analogous to the arms of men; of the claws of crawfish, etc., Ov. M. 4, 625; 10, 127; 15, 369; Plin. 9, 31, 51, § 97: hence also of the sign Cancer, Ov. M. 2, 83; also of Scorpio, Verg. G. 1, 34; Ov. M. 2, 82; 2, 195.—Of the claws of the nautilus, Plin. 9, 29, 47, § 88, and other sea-fish, id. 11, 48, 108, § 258.—Of the lion:

in feminum et bracchiorum ossibus,

Plin. 11, 37, 86, § 214.—

Comicé for armus or femur (as inversely armus = bracchium): Ar. Edepol vel elephanto in Indiā Quo pacto pugno perfregisti bracchium. Py. Quid? bracchium? Ar. Illud dicere volui femur, the shoulder, the shoulder-blade of the elephant, Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 26 sq. Brix ad loc.—

The branches of trees (cf. Ov. M. 1, 550: in ramos bracchia crescunt;

v. also manus and coma): vitem sub bracchia ungito,

Cato, R. R. 95 fin.;

of the vine,

Verg. G. 2, 368; Col. 4, 24, 2; 7, 8 sq.; 5, 5, 9 sq.; Pall. Febr. 9, 6;

id. Mai, 2, 1: quatiens bracchia Quercus,

Cat. 64, 105:

differt quod in bracchia ramorum spargitur,

Plin. 13, 9, 18, § 62:

(aesculus) Tum fortes late ramos et bracchia tendens, etc.,

Verg. G. 2, 296; Ov. M. 14, 630; Val. Fl. 8, 114.—

An arm of the sea:

nec bracchia longo Margine terrarum porrexerat Amphitrite,

Ov. M. 1, 13; Curt. 6, 4, 16.—

The collateral branches or ridges of a mountain:

Taurus ubi bracchia emittit,

Plin. 5, 27, 27, § 98.—

Poet., = antenna, the sail-yards:

jubet intendi bracchia velis,

Verg. A. 5, 829; cf. Stat. S. 5, 1, 244.—

In milit. lang., a ( natural or artificial) outwork or line for connecting two points in fortifications, etc.; Gr. skelê:

aliā parte consul muro Ardeae bracchium injunxerat,

a line of communication, Liv. 4, 9, 14; 38, 5, 8; 22, 52, 1 Drak.; 44, 35, 13; Hirt. B. Alex. 30; id. B. Afr. 38; 49; 51; 56; id. B. Hisp. 5; 6; 13; Curt. 6, 4, 16; Luc. 3, 387; 4, 266.—So of the side-works, moles, dikes, in the fortification of a harbor, Liv. 31, 26, 8; cf. Just. 5, 8, 5 Gron.; Plin. Ep. 6, 31, 15; Suet. Claud. 20.—

The arm of a catapult or ballista, Vitr. 1, 1; 10, 15 sq.

cŏlōnĭa, ae, f. [colonus].

(Acc. to colonus, I.) A possession in land, a landed estate, a farm, Col. 11, 1, 23; Dig. 19, 2, 24, § 4; 33, 7, 20.—

An abode, dwelling in gen. (cf. 1. colo, I. B.), Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 40; and humorously: molarum, for a mill, id. Ps. 4, 6, 38.—Far more freq.,

(Acc. to colonus, II.) A colony, colonial town, settlement:

colonia dicta est a colendo: est autem pars civium aut sociorum, missa ubi rem publicam habeant ex consensu suae civitatis aut publico ejus populi unde profecti sunt consilio. Hae autem coloniae sunt. quae ex consensu publico, non ex secessione sunt conditae,

Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 12:

in coloniam aliquos emittere,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 29:

in colonias mittere,

Liv. 4, 49, 14:

coloniam collocare idoneis in locis,

Cic. Agr. 2, 27, 73:

condere,

Vell. 1, 15, 1.—Also freq.,

Meton. for the persons sent for the establishment of such a town, a colony, colonists, planters; hence:

coloniam deducere aliquo,

Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 9:

veteranorum,

id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; 2, 40, 102; id. Agr. 1, 5, 16; 2, 27, 73; 2, 34, 92; id. Brut. 20, 79; Liv. 9, 28, 7; 9, 46, 3; 10, 1, 1; 39, 55, 5 ( bis) and 9; Vell. 1, 14; Suet. Tib. 4; id. Ner. 9 al.:

mittere in Aeoliam, Ioniam, etc.,

Cic. Div. 1, 1, 3:

Antium,

Liv. 8, 14, 8; cf. on the Roman colonies, their laws and regulations, Nieb. Röm. Gesch. 2, p. 49 sq.; Madv. Opusc. Ac. p. 208 sq.; and Dict. of Antiq. —

Transf., of colonies of bees, Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 9 and 29.

Cŏlōnĭa, ae, f., a name given to several colonial or provincial cities, but always, in the class. lang., with a more definite appellation; as Colonia Agrippina or Agrippinensis, the present Cologne.

cŏlōnĭa, ae, f. [colonus].

(Acc. to colonus, I.) A possession in land, a landed estate, a farm, Col. 11, 1, 23; Dig. 19, 2, 24, § 4; 33, 7, 20.—

An abode, dwelling in gen. (cf. 1. colo, I. B.), Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 40; and humorously: molarum, for a mill, id. Ps. 4, 6, 38.—Far more freq.,

(Acc. to colonus, II.) A colony, colonial town, settlement:

colonia dicta est a colendo: est autem pars civium aut sociorum, missa ubi rem publicam habeant ex consensu suae civitatis aut publico ejus populi unde profecti sunt consilio. Hae autem coloniae sunt. quae ex consensu publico, non ex secessione sunt conditae,

Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 12:

in coloniam aliquos emittere,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 29:

in colonias mittere,

Liv. 4, 49, 14:

coloniam collocare idoneis in locis,

Cic. Agr. 2, 27, 73:

condere,

Vell. 1, 15, 1.—Also freq.,

Meton. for the persons sent for the establishment of such a town, a colony, colonists, planters; hence:

coloniam deducere aliquo,

Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 9:

veteranorum,

id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; 2, 40, 102; id. Agr. 1, 5, 16; 2, 27, 73; 2, 34, 92; id. Brut. 20, 79; Liv. 9, 28, 7; 9, 46, 3; 10, 1, 1; 39, 55, 5 ( bis) and 9; Vell. 1, 14; Suet. Tib. 4; id. Ner. 9 al.:

mittere in Aeoliam, Ioniam, etc.,

Cic. Div. 1, 1, 3:

Antium,

Liv. 8, 14, 8; cf. on the Roman colonies, their laws and regulations, Nieb. Röm. Gesch. 2, p. 49 sq.; Madv. Opusc. Ac. p. 208 sq.; and Dict. of Antiq. —

Transf., of colonies of bees, Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 9 and 29.

Cŏlōnĭa, ae, f., a name given to several colonial or provincial cities, but always, in the class. lang., with a more definite appellation; as Colonia Agrippina or Agrippinensis, the present Cologne.

ē-dūco, xi, ctum, 3 ( imper., educe, Plaut. Pers. 4, 1, 11; id. Stich. 5, 6, 1:

educ,

Cic. Cat. 1, 5, 10; Alcim. 5, 248 al.— Inf. pass. parag., educier, Plaut. Truc. 5, 16), v. a., to lead forth, draw out, bring away (very freq. and class.).

In gen.:

novam nuptam foras,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 3, 1;

so with personal objects, fidicinam,

id. Ep. 3, 4, 36 (opp. introducere):

eram,

id. Mil. 4, 6, 53:

virginem,

id. Pers. 4, 1, 11; Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3 fin. al.; cf.

also: populum e comitio,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 9:

mulierem ab domo secum,

Caes. B. G. 1, 53, 4:

rete foras,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 18; cf.:

pisces everriculo in litus,

Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 7:

radicem e terra,

id. ib. 3, 10, 5:

gladium,

Caes. B. G. 5, 44, 8; Sall. C. 51, 36; cf.:

gladium e vagina,

Cic. Inv. 2, 4, 14:

gladium,

Vulg. Marc. 14, 47 al.:

sortem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 51 fin.; cf.:

aliquos ex urna,

id. ib. 2, 2, 17:

tribus,

id. Agr. 2, 8, 21:

telum corpore,

Verg. A. 10, 744; cf. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83 et saep.:

lacum (with emittere),

Cic. Div. 1, 44, 100; cf.

fistulam,

Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 2:

aquam in fossas,

Plin. 18, 19, 49, § 179; Dig. 8, 3, 29:

se foras,

to go out, Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 4 Ruhnk. ad loc.; cf.:

se multitudini,

to withdraw one's self from the multitude, Sen. Vit. Beat. 2 fin. —

In partic.

In all periods.

Pub. law t. t.

To bring, summon before court (cf. duco, I. B. 1.):

cum in jus ipsum eduxi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 47; cf.:

ex domo in jus,

Quint. 7, 8, 6: SI. QVIS. EORVM. AD. ME. EDVCTVS. FVERIT., Edict. Praet. ap. Gell. 11, 17, 2:

aliquem ad consules,

Cic. Planc. 23;

and simply aliquem,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 26 Zumpt N. cr.; 2, 2, 37; 2, 3, 65.—Once also, to bring up or lead away for punishment (for which more commonly duco; v. Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 26):

ad tintinnaculos educi viros,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 8.—

Of persons in office, to take out with one to one's province: quos educere invitos in provinciam non potuit, eos retinere qui potuit? Cic. Fragm. ap. Quint. 5, 10, 76; so,

medicum secum,

id. Pis. 34.—

Milit. t. t., to lead forth, march out troops (very freq. in Caes.):

Teleboae ex oppido Legiones educunt suas,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 63:

praesidium ex oppido (opp introducere),

Caes. B. C. 1, 13, 2:

cohortes ex urbe,

id. ib. 1, 12, 2:

exercitum ab urbe,

Liv. 3, 21:

copias e castris,

Caes. B. G. 1, 50, 1; 2, 8 fin.; 7, 13, 1; 7, 80, 1; id. B. C. 1, 43, 3 et saep.; Liv. 31, 37 al.;

for which also: copias castris,

Caes. B. G. 1, 51, 2; 4, 13 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 68, 1; Verg. A. 11, 20;

legiones ex hibernis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 10, 3; 5, 27, 9; 7, 10, 1; Liv. 40, 39:

ex finibus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 1, 4 et saep.; cf.

also: impedimenta ex castris,

id. ib. 7, 68, 1.—Without designating the term. a quo:

cohortes,

Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 2; id. B. C. 1, 41, 2; 1, 64, 6; Sall. J. 68, 2; Liv. 39, 15; Front. Strat. 1, 5, 22 et saep.; cf.: exercitum foras, Cato ap. Gell. 15, 13, 5:

exercitum in expeditionem,

Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72:

copias adversus Afranium,

Front. Strat. 1, 5, 9; 2, 2, 5 et saep.—And absol. of the general himself, to move out, march out (so mostly in Liv.; cf.

duco): ex hibernis,

Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1:

ex oppido,

id. ib. 7, 81, 3; cf.:

tribus simul portis,

Liv. 41, 26:

ad legionem Pompeii duplici acie eduxit,

Caes. B. G. 3, 67, 3:

in aciem,

Liv. 1, 23; 8, 9; 21, 39; Front. Strat. 2, 1, 5, al. —

Naut. t. t., to bring out a ship from the harbor, to put to sea:

naves ex portu,

Caes. B. C. 1, 57, 2; 2, 22, 5; 3, 26, 2;

also: classem portu,

Plin. 2, 12, 9, § 55.—Hence,

Transf., of goods, to export:

equos ex Italia,

Liv. 43, 5, 9 (cf.:

extra provinciam ducere,

Dig. 49, 16, 12, § 1).—

In midwifery, t. t., to assist at birth:

attractus infantem educit,

Cels. 7, 29 med.:

per ipsas manus (infans) commode educitur,

id. ib. — So of birds, to bring out of the egg, to hatch:

pullos suos,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 143; so,

fetum,

Plin. 10, 54, 75, § 152 (with excludere); 9, 10, 12, § 37.—Hence,

Transf.

To bring up, rear, a child (usually with reference to bodily nurture and support; while 2. educo refers usually to the mind; but the distinction is not strictly observed; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 395), to educate:

non possunt militares pueri setanio educier,

Plaut. Truc. 5, 16:

bene ego istam eduxi meae domi et pudice,

id. Curc. 4, 2, 32; id. Most. 1, 3, 29; id. Rud. 1, 3, 38; Ter. And. 5, 4, 8; id. Heaut. 2, 1, 14 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 28, 124; Liv. 1, 39 fin.; 21, 43 Drak.; Tac. A. 1, 4; 41; Prop. 3, 9, 51 (4, 8, 51 M.); Verg. A. 7, 763; 8, 413; Col. 3, 10, 16; Curt. 3, 12, 16 al.— Trop.:

senex plane eductus in nutricatu Venerio,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 55.—

In gen., to bear, to produce = edere, Verg. A. 6, 765; 779: aura educit colores, * Cat. 64, 90.—

In vulg. lang., to drink off, toss off, Plaut. Stich. 5, 5, 18; 5, 6, 1.—With a punning allusion to the signif. 4. b. a, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 274.—

Since the Aug. period.

Of motion in an upward direction (cf. effero and erigo), to draw up, to raise:

(Ortygia me) superas eduxit sub auras,

Ov. M. 5, 641; 3, 113; cf.

trop.: (Pindarus) vires animumque moresque aureos educit in astra,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 23 (cf.:

sustulit in astra,

Cic. Att. 2, 25).—

With the accessory idea of making, to rear, erect, build up:

turrim summis sub astra Eductam tectis,

Verg. A. 2, 461; cf.:

aram sepulcri caelo,

id. ib. 6, 178; imitated by Sil. 15, 388:

molem caelo,

Verg. A. 2, 186:

turres altius,

Tac. A. 12, 16; id. H. 4, 30:

pyramides instar montium,

id. A. 2, 61:

moenia caminis Cyclopum,

Verg. A. 6, 630; cf.:

moles quam eductam in Rhenum retulimus,

Tac. H. 5, 18.—

Of time, to pass, spend (cf. duco, II. B. 3. b.):

pios annos,

Prop. 2, 9, 47:

insomnem noctem ludo,

Stat. Th. 2, 74:

somnos sub hiberno caelo,

Sil. 11, 405:

nimbos luxu,

Val. Fl. 2, 371.

ēdŭco, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [1. educo, II. A. 4. b.], to bring up a child physically or mentally, to rear, to educate (very freq. and class.): educit obstetrix, educat nutrix, instituit paedagogus, docet magister, Varr. ap. Non. 447, 33 (but this distinction is not strictly observed; see the foll. and 1. educo, II. A. 4. b.).

Prop.:

hera educavit (puellam) magna industria,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 44 sq.:

Athenis natus altusque educatusque Atticis,

id. Rud. 3, 4, 36:

bene pudiceque educatu'st usque ad adolescentiam,

id. Capt. 5, 3, 16 et saep.; cf. id. Men. 5, 5, 7; id. Trin. 2, 4, 111 al.; Att. ap. Non. 422, 14; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 37; id. Ad. 3, 4, 49; Cic. Lael. 20, 75; id. Rep. 2, 21; id. de Or. 1, 31; Ov. F. 6, 487; id. M. 3, 314; Vulg. Psa. 22, 2. —

Transf., to bring up, rear, foster, train, educate:

neque enim hac nos patria lege genuit aut educavit, ut, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4; id. Or. 13 fin.; cf.:

ars dicendi ea, quae sunt orta jam in nobis et procreata, educat atque confirmat,

id. de Or. 2, 87, 356:

in his (scholis) educatur orator,

Quint. 9, 2, 81:

oratorem, id. prooem. § 5: illos in disciplina,

Vulg. Ephes. 6, 4.—

Poet. and in post-Aug. prose, of plants or animals, to nourish, support, produce:

quod pontus, quod terra, quod educat aër Poscit,

Ov. M. 8, 832; cf. id. Pont. 1, 10, 9:

vitis mitem uvam,

Cat. 62, 50:

pomum, non uvas (ager),

Ov. Pont. 1, 3, 51:

herbas (humus),

id. M. 15, 97:

Caecuba,

Plin. 16, 37, 67, § 173:

florem (imber),

Cat. 62, 41 al.:

lepores, apros,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 22.—

To possess, hold (cf. nutrire = trephein), Verg. Cul. 13.

fauces, ium ( sing. nom. faux only in Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 11, 127, =arteria aspera; cf. Varr. L. L. 10, § 78 Müll.; Charis. p. 72 P. —The abl. sing. fauce sometimes in poets: Ov. H. 9, 98; id. M. 14, 738; Hor. Epod. 14, 4; Phaedr. 1, 1, 3; 1, 8, 4; Mart. 7, 37, 6 al.), f. [cf. Sanscr. bhūka, hole, opening], the upper part of the throat, from the root of the tongue to the entrance of the gullet, the pharynx, throat, gullet (syn.: gula, guttur, jugulum).

Lit.: summum gulae fauces vocantur, extremum stomachus;

quibus fauces non sunt, ne stomachus quidem est,

Plin. 11, 37, 68, § 179:

exigua in arteria sub ipsis faucibus lingula est, quae, cum spiramus, attollitur,

Cels. 4, 1: (galli) favent faucibus russis cantu, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 26, 57 (Trag. v. 250 ed. Vahl.):

sitis fauces tenet,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 34:

sitis fauces urit,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 214:

lippiunt fauces fame,

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 39; 1, 2, 36:

fauces tussientes,

Cels. 5, 25, 11:

nuces videntur fauces exasperare,

Plin. 23, 8, 74, § 142:

fauces tumentes strangulant vocem, etc.,

Quint. 11, 3, 20:

infirmatis faucibus, praeconis voce concionatus est,

Suet. Aug. 84 fin.:

propino tibi salutem plenis faucibus,

Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 16:

merum ingurgitare faucibus plenis,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 39:

exscrea usque ex penitis faucibus,

from the bottom of your throat, id. As. 1, 1, 28:

alicui fauces prehendere,

id. Most. 1, 3, 62; cf.:

qui sacerdoti scelestus fauces interpresserit,

id. Rud. 3, 2, 41:

laqueo innectere fauces,

to strangle, Ov. M. 10, 378; cf.

also: ad necem secandasque novacula fauces,

Suet. Calig. 23:

fauces manu sua oppressit,

id. ib. 12:

retinens singulos et contortis faucibus convertens,

id. Caes. 62.— Trop.:

faucibus teneor,

I am caught by the throat, I feel the knife at my throat, Plaut. Cas. 5, 3, 4; cf.:

cum faucibus premeretur,

Cic. Clu. 31, 84:

Timarchides premit fauces defensionis tuae,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 176: eripite nos ex faucibus eorum, quorum crudelitas, etc., from the jaws, Crass. ap. Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 225; cf. Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 6, § 19:

urbem totius belli ore ac faucibus ereptam esse,

id. Arch. 9, 21:

e mediis Orci faucibus ad hunc evasi modum,

App. M. 7, p. 191:

cum inexplebiles populi fauces exaruerunt libertatis siti,

Cic. Rep. 1, 43:

lupus fauce improba incitatus,

i. e. voracity, Phaedr. 1, 2, 3.—

Transf., of places:

A narrow way, narrow inlet or outlet, an entrance, defile, pass (cf. angustiae): Corinthus posita in angustiis atque in faucibus Graeciae, in the mouth or entrance, Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87:

in Ciliciae angustissimis faucibus,

Curt. 7, 4; cf.:

qua fauces erant angustissimae portus,

Caes. B. C. 1, 25, 5:

portus,

id. ib. 3, 24, 1;

3, 39, 2: Masinissam persecutus in valle arta, faucibus utrimque obsessis, inclusit,

Liv. 29, 32, 4:

Aemilius sedens in faucibus macelli,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 62, § 145; so,

macelli,

id. Quint. 6, 25:

per fauces montis ut Aetnae Exspirent ignes,

the crater, Lucr. 6, 630:

cava flumina siccis faucibus, etc.,

Verg. G. 4, 428:

altae montis,

Lucr. 6, 697:

Nilus multis faucibus in Aegyptium mare se evomit,

through many mouths, Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 54:

Bospori,

the Dardanelles, id. 6, 1, 1, § 4; Sil. 12, 127:

cum fornacem facies, fauces praecipites deorsum facito,

Cato, R. R. 38, 3: pictis e faucibus currus emittere, from the barriers, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107 (Ann. v. 89 ed. Vahl.).—

The jaws of the earth, gulf, abyss:

patefactis terrae faucibus,

Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95.

fraus, fraudis ( gen. plur. fraudium, Cic. Off. 3, 18, 75; id. Pis. 19, 44; Dig. 9, 2, 23, § 4 al.:

fraudum,

Tac. A. 6, 21; Gell. 14, 2, 6; Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 214; archaic form dat. sing. frudi, Lucr. 6, 187 Lachm.; cf. acc. frudem, id. 2, 187; acc. to Cod. Quadrat.; nom. plur. frudes, Naev. B. Pun. 1, 1), f. [perh. root dhru-, bend, injure; Sanscr. dhru-ti, deception; cf. Gr. titrôskô, wound, thrauô, break, and Lat. frustum, frustra, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 150; Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 222], a cheating, deceit, imposition, fraud (class. in sing. and plur.; syn.: dolus, fallacia, calliditas, etc.).

Lit.:

cum duobus modis, id est aut vi aut fraude fiat injuria, fraus quasi vulpeculae, vis leonis videtur: utrumque homini alienissimum, sed fraus odio digna majore,

Cic. Off. 1, 13 fin.:

nonne ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum ex fraude, fallaciis, mendaciis constare totus videtur?

id. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

fraus fidem in parvis sibi praestruit, ut, cum operae pretium sit, cum mercede magna fallat,

Liv. 28, 42:

hostes sine fide tempus atque occasionem fraudis ac doli quaerunt,

Caes. B. C. 2, 14, 1:

fraude ac dolo aggressus est (urbem),

Liv. 1, 53, 4:

per summam fraudem et malitiam,

Cic. Quint. 18, 56:

in fraudem obsequio impelli,

id. Lael. 24, 89:

metuo in commune, ne quam fraudem frausus siet,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 20:

fraudis, sceleris, parricidii, perjurii plenus,

id. Rud. 3, 2, 37:

Litavici fraude perspecta,

Caes. B. G. 7, 40, 6:

legi fraudem facere,

i. e. to circumvent, evade, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 9; cf.: contra legem facit, qui id facit, quod lex prohibet;

in fraudem vero legis, qui salvis verbis legis sententiam ejus circumvenit. Fraus enim legi fit, ubi, quod fieri noluit, fieri autem non vetuit, id fit, etc.,

Dig. 1, 3, 29 and 30:

quod emancipando filium fraudem legi fecisset,

Liv. 7, 16 fin.:

facio fraudem senatusconsulto,

Cic. Att. 4, 12:

inventum deverticulum est in fraude earum (legum), gallinaceos quoque pascendi,

Plin. 10, 50, 71, § 140:

si quid in fraudem creditorum factum sit,

Dig. 42, 8, 6, § 8 al.:

sese dedere sine fraude constituunt,

without deception, honorably, Caes. B. C. 2, 22, 1:

sine fraude Punicum emittere praesidium,

Liv. 24, 47, 8 (in another sense under II. C. 2.):

audax Iapeti genus (Prometheus) Ignem fraude malā gentibus intulit,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 28:

aliter enim ad sororis filios quam concordiae fraude pervenire non poterat,

by the deceitful pretence of unanimity, Just. 24, 2:

bestiae cibum ad fraudem suam positum aspernuntur,

Liv. 41, 23.—In plur.:

exagitabantur omnes ejus fraudes atque fallaciae,

deceptions, Cic. Clu. 36, 101:

qui fons est fraudium, maleficiorum, scelerum omnium,

id. Off. 3, 18, 75:

noctem peccatis et fraudibus objice nubem,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 62:

(Europe) scatentem Beluis pontum mediasque fraudes Palluit audax,

id. C. 3, 27, 28.

Transf.

Concr., of persons as a term of reproach, a cheater, deceiver, a cheat (ante-class and rare):

fur, fugitive, fraus populi, Fraudulente,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 131:

gerro, iners, fraus, heluo, ganeo,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 10.—

In gen., a bad action, offence, crime (class.):

otio aptus in fraudem incidi,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 32 Brix ad loc.:

est enim periculum, ne aut neglectis iis (rebus divinis) impia fraude, aut susceptis anili superstitione obligemur,

Cic. Div. 1, 4 fin.:

si C. Rabirius fraudem capitalem admisit, quod arma contra L. Saturninum tulit,

id. Rab. Perd. 9, 26:

scelus frausque,

id. de Or. 1, 46, 202:

suscepta fraus,

id. Pis. 18 fin.:

nocituram postmodo te natis fraudem committere,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 31.—In plur.:

re publica violanda fraudes inexpiabiles concipere,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 72.—

In pass. signif., a being deceived, selfdeception, delusion, error, mistake (class.):

is me in hanc illexit fraudem,

Plaut. Mil. 5, 42:

imperitos in fraudem illicis,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 8 Ruhnk.; cf.: oculi, supercilia, frons, vultus denique totus... hic in fraudem homines impulit;

hic eos, quibus erat ignotus, decepit, fefellit, induxit,

Cic. Pis. 1, 1:

nos in fraudem induimus frustraminis ipsi,

Lucr. 4, 417:

quemquam pellicere in fraudem,

id. 5, 1005:

jacere in fraudem,

id. 4, 1206: in fraudem deducere, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 4:

in fraudem incidere,

Cic. Att. 11, 16, 1; cf.:

in fraudem in re publica delabi,

id. de Or. 3, 60, 226:

ne tibi dent in eo flammarum corpora fraudem,

Lucr. 2, 187:

ne tibi sit frudi, quod nos inferne videmus, etc.,

id. 6, 187:

quem (Euryalum) jam manus omnis Fraude loci et noctis... oppressum rapit,

deception as to, ignorance of, Verg. A. 9, 397.—

Injury, detriment, damage.

Prop., produced by deception or ignorance: aliud fraus est, aliud poena;

fraus enim sine poena esse potest, poena sine fraude esse non potest. Poena est noxae vindicta, fraus et ipsa noxa dicitur et quasi poenae quaedam praeparatio,

Dig. 50, 16, 131.—

Injury, hurt, harm, in gen. (in the best prose confined to the phrases, sine fraude and fraudi esse; v. infra):

tuis nunc cruribus scapulisque fraudem capitalem hinc creas,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 23:

id mihi fraudem tulit,

Cic. Att. 7, 26, 2:

esse alicui fraudi aut crimini,

to tend to his injury, id. Mur. 35, 73; cf.:

quae res nemini umquam fraudi fuit,

id. Clu. 33, 91; id. Att. 5, 21, 12; id. Phil. 5, 12, 34; 8, 11, 33; id. Rosc. Am. 17, 49:

latum ad populum est, ne C. Servilio fraudi esset, quod, etc.,

Liv. 30, 19, 9 al.: sine fraude, or archaic SE (SED) FRAVDE, without injury, without damage, without risk (= sine damno, sine noxa): SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT SE FRAVDE ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 49;

v. sine: rex respondit: QVOD SINE FRAVDE MEA POPVLIQVE ROMANI QVIRITIVM FIAT, FACIO,

Liv. 1, 24, 5:

ceterae multitudini diem statuit, ante quam sine fraude liceret ab armis discedere,

Sall. C. 36, 2; cf. Liv. 26, 12, 5; Hor. C. 2, 19, 20; id. C. S. 41:

quis deus in fraudem, quae dura potentia nostra Egit?

Verg. A. 10, 72:

jam nosces, ventosa ferat cui gloria fraudem,

id. ib. 11, 708.

Fraus, personified, a deity, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44. In the service of Mercury, as the god of thieves, Mart. Cap. 1, § 51.

fraus, fraudis ( gen. plur. fraudium, Cic. Off. 3, 18, 75; id. Pis. 19, 44; Dig. 9, 2, 23, § 4 al.:

fraudum,

Tac. A. 6, 21; Gell. 14, 2, 6; Claud. Laud. Stil. 2, 214; archaic form dat. sing. frudi, Lucr. 6, 187 Lachm.; cf. acc. frudem, id. 2, 187; acc. to Cod. Quadrat.; nom. plur. frudes, Naev. B. Pun. 1, 1), f. [perh. root dhru-, bend, injure; Sanscr. dhru-ti, deception; cf. Gr. titrôskô, wound, thrauô, break, and Lat. frustum, frustra, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 150; Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 222], a cheating, deceit, imposition, fraud (class. in sing. and plur.; syn.: dolus, fallacia, calliditas, etc.).

Lit.:

cum duobus modis, id est aut vi aut fraude fiat injuria, fraus quasi vulpeculae, vis leonis videtur: utrumque homini alienissimum, sed fraus odio digna majore,

Cic. Off. 1, 13 fin.:

nonne ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum ex fraude, fallaciis, mendaciis constare totus videtur?

id. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

fraus fidem in parvis sibi praestruit, ut, cum operae pretium sit, cum mercede magna fallat,

Liv. 28, 42:

hostes sine fide tempus atque occasionem fraudis ac doli quaerunt,

Caes. B. C. 2, 14, 1:

fraude ac dolo aggressus est (urbem),

Liv. 1, 53, 4:

per summam fraudem et malitiam,

Cic. Quint. 18, 56:

in fraudem obsequio impelli,

id. Lael. 24, 89:

metuo in commune, ne quam fraudem frausus siet,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 20:

fraudis, sceleris, parricidii, perjurii plenus,

id. Rud. 3, 2, 37:

Litavici fraude perspecta,

Caes. B. G. 7, 40, 6:

legi fraudem facere,

i. e. to circumvent, evade, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 9; cf.: contra legem facit, qui id facit, quod lex prohibet;

in fraudem vero legis, qui salvis verbis legis sententiam ejus circumvenit. Fraus enim legi fit, ubi, quod fieri noluit, fieri autem non vetuit, id fit, etc.,

Dig. 1, 3, 29 and 30:

quod emancipando filium fraudem legi fecisset,

Liv. 7, 16 fin.:

facio fraudem senatusconsulto,

Cic. Att. 4, 12:

inventum deverticulum est in fraude earum (legum), gallinaceos quoque pascendi,

Plin. 10, 50, 71, § 140:

si quid in fraudem creditorum factum sit,

Dig. 42, 8, 6, § 8 al.:

sese dedere sine fraude constituunt,

without deception, honorably, Caes. B. C. 2, 22, 1:

sine fraude Punicum emittere praesidium,

Liv. 24, 47, 8 (in another sense under II. C. 2.):

audax Iapeti genus (Prometheus) Ignem fraude malā gentibus intulit,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 28:

aliter enim ad sororis filios quam concordiae fraude pervenire non poterat,

by the deceitful pretence of unanimity, Just. 24, 2:

bestiae cibum ad fraudem suam positum aspernuntur,

Liv. 41, 23.—In plur.:

exagitabantur omnes ejus fraudes atque fallaciae,

deceptions, Cic. Clu. 36, 101:

qui fons est fraudium, maleficiorum, scelerum omnium,

id. Off. 3, 18, 75:

noctem peccatis et fraudibus objice nubem,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 62:

(Europe) scatentem Beluis pontum mediasque fraudes Palluit audax,

id. C. 3, 27, 28.

Transf.

Concr., of persons as a term of reproach, a cheater, deceiver, a cheat (ante-class and rare):

fur, fugitive, fraus populi, Fraudulente,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 131:

gerro, iners, fraus, heluo, ganeo,

Ter. Heaut. 5, 4, 10.—

In gen., a bad action, offence, crime (class.):

otio aptus in fraudem incidi,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 32 Brix ad loc.:

est enim periculum, ne aut neglectis iis (rebus divinis) impia fraude, aut susceptis anili superstitione obligemur,

Cic. Div. 1, 4 fin.:

si C. Rabirius fraudem capitalem admisit, quod arma contra L. Saturninum tulit,

id. Rab. Perd. 9, 26:

scelus frausque,

id. de Or. 1, 46, 202:

suscepta fraus,

id. Pis. 18 fin.:

nocituram postmodo te natis fraudem committere,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 31.—In plur.:

re publica violanda fraudes inexpiabiles concipere,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 72.—

In pass. signif., a being deceived, selfdeception, delusion, error, mistake (class.):

is me in hanc illexit fraudem,

Plaut. Mil. 5, 42:

imperitos in fraudem illicis,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 8 Ruhnk.; cf.: oculi, supercilia, frons, vultus denique totus... hic in fraudem homines impulit;

hic eos, quibus erat ignotus, decepit, fefellit, induxit,

Cic. Pis. 1, 1:

nos in fraudem induimus frustraminis ipsi,

Lucr. 4, 417:

quemquam pellicere in fraudem,

id. 5, 1005:

jacere in fraudem,

id. 4, 1206: in fraudem deducere, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 4:

in fraudem incidere,

Cic. Att. 11, 16, 1; cf.:

in fraudem in re publica delabi,

id. de Or. 3, 60, 226:

ne tibi dent in eo flammarum corpora fraudem,

Lucr. 2, 187:

ne tibi sit frudi, quod nos inferne videmus, etc.,

id. 6, 187:

quem (Euryalum) jam manus omnis Fraude loci et noctis... oppressum rapit,

deception as to, ignorance of, Verg. A. 9, 397.—

Injury, detriment, damage.

Prop., produced by deception or ignorance: aliud fraus est, aliud poena;

fraus enim sine poena esse potest, poena sine fraude esse non potest. Poena est noxae vindicta, fraus et ipsa noxa dicitur et quasi poenae quaedam praeparatio,

Dig. 50, 16, 131.—

Injury, hurt, harm, in gen. (in the best prose confined to the phrases, sine fraude and fraudi esse; v. infra):

tuis nunc cruribus scapulisque fraudem capitalem hinc creas,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 23:

id mihi fraudem tulit,

Cic. Att. 7, 26, 2:

esse alicui fraudi aut crimini,

to tend to his injury, id. Mur. 35, 73; cf.:

quae res nemini umquam fraudi fuit,

id. Clu. 33, 91; id. Att. 5, 21, 12; id. Phil. 5, 12, 34; 8, 11, 33; id. Rosc. Am. 17, 49:

latum ad populum est, ne C. Servilio fraudi esset, quod, etc.,

Liv. 30, 19, 9 al.: sine fraude, or archaic SE (SED) FRAVDE, without injury, without damage, without risk (= sine damno, sine noxa): SI PLVS MINVSVE SECVERVNT SE FRAVDE ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 49;

v. sine: rex respondit: QVOD SINE FRAVDE MEA POPVLIQVE ROMANI QVIRITIVM FIAT, FACIO,

Liv. 1, 24, 5:

ceterae multitudini diem statuit, ante quam sine fraude liceret ab armis discedere,

Sall. C. 36, 2; cf. Liv. 26, 12, 5; Hor. C. 2, 19, 20; id. C. S. 41:

quis deus in fraudem, quae dura potentia nostra Egit?

Verg. A. 10, 72:

jam nosces, ventosa ferat cui gloria fraudem,

id. ib. 11, 708.

Fraus, personified, a deity, Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44. In the service of Mercury, as the god of thieves, Mart. Cap. 1, § 51.

fulmen, ĭnis, n. [contr. from fulgimen, v. fulgeo], lightning that strikes or sets on fire, a thunderbolt (opp. fulgur, lightning).

Lit.:

placet Stoicis, eos anhelitus terrae cum se in nubem induerint ejusque tenuissimam quamque partem coeperint dividere atque dirumpere, tum et fulgores et tonitrua exsistere: si autem nubium conflictu ardor expressus se emiserit, id esse fulmen,

Cic. Div. 2, 19, 44; cf. Sen. Q. N. 2, 16:

non enim te puto esse eum, qui Jovi fulmen fabricatos esse Cyclopas in Aetna putes,

Cic. Div. 2, 19, 43:

inter fulmina et tonitrua,

id. Phil. 5, 6, 15; cf.

under II.: Phaëthon ictu fulminis deflagravit,

id. Off. 3, 25, 94; cf.:

Romulus lactens fulmine ictus,

id. ib. 2, 21, 47 (for which more usually:

e caelo ictus,

Cic. Div. 1, 10, 16):

fulmine tactus,

Ov. Tr. 2, 144:

fulminis ictu concidere,

id. ib. 2, 20, 45:

fulmine percussus,

id. N. D. 3, 22, 57; cf. id. ib. 3, 35, 84:

fulmina emittere... fulmen jacere,

id. ib. 2, 19, 44 sq.:

fulminis ictus evadere,

Juv. 12, 17:

fulmine justo ruere,

id. 8, 92:

ideo plurima aestate fiunt fulmina, qua plurimum calidi est,

Sen. Q. N. 2, 57, 2:

validum,

Lucr. 6, 228:

igniferum,

id. 6, 379:

caducum,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 44:

qualem ministrum fulminis alitem, etc.,

id. ib. 4, 4, 1:

quem (Periclem) fulminibus et caelesti fragori comparant comici,

Quint. 12, 10, 24; cf.

fulgeo, I. B.: ipse Pater corusca fulmina molitur dextra,

Verg. G. 1, 330:

fulmen erat, Genitor quae plurima caelo deicit,

id. A. 8, 427:

fulmina pauper creditur atque deos,

Juv. 3, 145.—Respecting the nature of lightnings, and their religious interpretation [p. 791] among the Etruscans and Romans, cf. Sen. Q. N. 2, 12 sq.; Plin. 2, 51, 52, § 137; Serv. Verg. A. 1, 43; 230.—

Trop., a thunderbolt, i. q. destructive power, crushing calamity:

non dubitaverim me gravissimis tempestatibus ac paene fulminibus ipsis obvium ferre conservandorum civium causa,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4 (so we should read, and not fluminibus; cf. the passage quoted above from Cic. Div. 2, 19, 43; besides, if the figure were that of waves, it would be expressed not by fluminibus, but by fluctibus; v. fluctus, II. B.); cf.:

fulmina fortunae contemnere,

id. Tusc. 2, 27, 66:

juro per mea mala, has me in illo (puero) vidisse virtutes ingenii, ut prorsus posset hinc esse tanti fulminis (i. e. mortis pueri) metus, quod observatum fere est, celerius occidere festinatam maturitatem,

Quint. 6 praef. § 10; cf. Liv. 45, 41, 1:

quam fulmine justo Et Capito et Numitor ruerint, damnante senatu,

Juv. 8, 92; cf. Liv. 6, 39, 7.—Of oratory:

ain' tandem? insanire tibi videris (Paetus), quod imitere verborum meorum, ut scribis, fulmina? etc.,

Cic. Fam. 9, 21, 1:

(stilus) nec acumine posteriorum nec fulmine utens superiorum (al. flumine),

id. Or. 6, 21.— Poet.:

fulmen habent acres in aduncis dentibus apri,

i. e. destructive power, Ov. M. 10, 550; cf. id. ib. 1, 305:

(aper) Erectus setis et aduncae fulmine malae,

Stat. Th. 2, 470; see fulmineus, II.: tune illum (Hannibalem), cum frons propior lumenque corusco Igne micat, tune illa viri, quae vertice fundit, Fulmina pertuleris, fiery flashings (of the eye), Sil. 11, 342.—Applied to the Scipios, as heroes and conquerors of the Carthaginians:

Scipiades, belli fulmen, Carthaginis horror,

Lucr. 3, 1034;

imitated: duo fulmina belli Scipiadae,

Verg. A. 6, 843:

ubi nunc sunt fulmina gentis Scipiadae?

Sil. 7, 106:

duo fulmina nostri imperii, Cn. et P. Scipiones,

these two thunderbolts of our empire, Cic. Balb. 15, 34.—Prov.:

Fulmen est, ubi cum potestate habitat iracundia,

Pub. Syr. 184 Rib.

pugno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and very rarely a. [root pug-, to thrust, strike, whence pugil, pungo, etc.], to fight, either singly or in armies, to combat, give battle, engage, contend (very freq. and class.).

Lit.:

neque sinistrā impeditā satis commode pugnare poterant,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25:

scutum manu emittere et nudo corpore pugnare,

id. ib. 1, 25:

eminus lapidibus,

Sall. J. 57, 4:

cominus in acie,

Cic. Balb. 9, 23:

ex equo,

on horseback, id. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

de loco, Ter. Hec. alt. prol. 33: de ponte,

Hirt. B. Afr. 33:

pro muro toto,

id. ib. 13:

ex iniquiore loco,

id. ib. 42:

pro commodis patriae,

Cic. Inv. 1, 1, 1 al. —With cum and abl.:

elige, cum cive an hoste pugnare malis,

Liv. 10, 36, 8:

cum hoste in acie,

Cic. Balb. 9, 22.—With in and acc.:

ne quis extra ordinem in hostem pugnaret,

Liv. 8, 6, 16:

in hostem imparem ex aequo pugnabant,

id. 10, 43, 6:

qui contra imperium in hostem pugnaverant,

Sall. C. 9, 4; 52, 30.—With adversum and acc.:

saepe ante paucis strenuis advorsum multitudinem bene pugnatum,

Sall. J. 107, 1:

advorsum Gallos,

id. ib. 114, 1.—With a homogeneous object: magnam pugnavimu' pugnam, Lucil. ap. Don. Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 60; cf.:

haec pugna est pugnata,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97:

pugna summā contentione pugnata,

Cic. Mur. 16, 34; Nep. Hann. 5, 1: inclitam in ponte pugnam... pugnatam, Liv. 6, 42, 5:

proelia,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 19; Sall. J. 54, 7:

bella,

Hor. C. 3, 19, 4; id. Ep. 1, 16, 25.— Impers. pass.:

pugnatur uno tempore omnibus locis,

the battle is fought, they fight, Caes. B. G. 7, 84:

cominus gladiis pugnatum est,

id. ib. 1, 52:

ut in mari quoque pugnetur velut e muris,

Plin. 32, 1, 1, § 3.—

Transf.

In gen., to contend, conflict, disagree, oppose, contradict; usu. with dat. of person, or with cum:

pugnant Stoici cum Peripateticis,

Cic. Fin. 2, 21, 68. —With acc. and inf.:

pugnare non destitit, non esse rerum controversiam, sed nominum,

Cic. Fin. 3, 12, 41:

non magno opere pugnare,

to contend not very strongly, id. N. D. 3, 1, 3:

noli pugnare duobus,

Cat. 62, 64:

ne cupias pugnare puellae,

Prop. 1, 12 (10), 21; cf.:

placitone etiam pugnabis amori?

Verg. A. 4, 38:

pressis pugnat habenis,

id. ib. 11, 600:

ne pugnet vulgus habenis,

Stat. Th. 8, 289:

tam eras excors, ut totā in oratione tuā tecum ipse pugnares,

you contradicted yourself, Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18. —Of things:

pugnat sententia secum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 97:

pugnavit monitis furor,

Sil. 10, 284:

pugnatura fretis pila,

id. 4, 298: frigida pugnabant calidis, umentia siccis, Mollia cum duris, etc., cold bodies contended with hot, moist with dry, etc., Ov. M. 1, 19: humus, Petr. poët. Sat. 123.—

To struggle, strive, to endeavor, take pains, exert one's self for any thing (rare but class.):

illud pugna et enitere, ne, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 3:

id ne impetremus, pugnabis,

id. Lig. 5, 13; cf.:

hoc solum hoc tempore pugnatur, ut, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 3, 8:

pugnas, ne reddar, Achille,

Ov. H. 3, 25 Ruhnk.:

pugnaremque collegae, ut, etc.,

Liv. 3, 64.— Poet., with inf.:

pugnat molles evincere somnos,

Ov. M. 1, 685; 7, 772; id. H. 13, 77:

incerto pedum pugnat non stare tumultu,

Luc. 4, 753; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 196; cf.

, of things,

Lucr. 2, 205.—P. a. as subst.: pugnan-tĭa, ium, n., contradictions, inconsistencies:

pugnantia te loqui non vides?

Cic. Tusc. 1, 7, 13; cf. Hor. S. 1, 2, 73; 1, 1, 102.