elsewhere

cūra, ae, f. [caveo; cf. curo init. ], care, solicitude, carefulness, thought, concern.

Trouble (physical or mental), bestowed on something; solicitude, care, attention, pains (syn.: diligentia, opera, studium, labor, etc.; opp. neglegentia, etc.; v. the foll.; very freq. in every per. and species of composition).

Lit.

In gen.

Ab. sol.: curantes magnā cum curā, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107:

magnā cum curā ego illum curari volo,

Plaut. Men. 5, 4, 7; cf. id. ib. 5, 4, 9:

in aliquā re curam ponere (just before: magnum studi um multamque operam, etc.),

Cic. Off. 1, 6, 19:

haec tam acrem curam diligentiamque desiderant,

id. de Or. 3, 48, 184;

so with diligentia,

Quint. 10, 1, 86:

si utrumque cum curā et studio fecerimus,

id. 10, 7, 29:

aliquid cum curā exsequi,

Liv. 39, 41, 6:

plus laboris et curae,

Quint. 8, prooem. § 13;

so with labor,

id. 2, 2, 10 al.:

cura et industria,

Suet. Gram. 21:

ut in rem publicam omni cogitatione curāque incumberes,

Cic. Fam. 10, 1, 2;

so with cogitatio,

id. ib. 10, 3, 3; id. de Or. 2, 44, 186; and in plur., id. Off. 2, 1, 2;

opp. neglegentia,

Quint. 11, 3, 137; 11, 3, 19:

non naturam defecisse sed curam,

id. 1, 1, 2;

so opp. natura,

id. 1, 2, 4; 2, 8, 5:

omni curā vestigare,

Curt. 4, 6, 5:

omni curā in aliquid incumbere,

Cic. Fam. 12, 24, 2:

omnem curam in siderum cognitione ponere,

id. Div. 1, 42, 93:

cura et meditatio accessit,

Tac. Or. 16; cf. id. Agr. 10 et saep.:

eo majore curā illam (rem publicam) administrari,

Sall. J. 85, 2:

curam praestare,

Suet. Tib. 18:

in re unā consumere curam (for which, in foll. verse, laborare),

Hor. S. 2, 4, 48 et saep.: esse cura alicui, to be an object of one's care:

cura pii diis sunt et qui coluere coluntur,

Ov. M. 8, 724.—

With gen., care, attention, management, administration, charge, a guardianship, concern for a person or thing, etc.:

difficilis rerum alienarum,

Cic. Off. 1, 9, 30; cf.:

rerum domesticarum,

Quint. 3, 3, 9:

maxima belli,

Cic. Att. 6, 5, 3:

agrorum,

Quint. 12, 1, 6:

corporis,

id. 1, 11, 15:

capillorum,

Suet. Dom. 18:

funeris sui,

id. Tib. 51 et saep.:

deorum,

Liv. 6, 41, 9:

civium,

id. 6, 15, 11:

nepotum,

Quint. 4, prooem. §

2: magni Caesaris,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 50; Ov. Tr. 5, 7, 37; Sen. Ep. 14, 2 et saep.—

With de and abl.:

omnis cura de re publicā,

Cic. Brut. 3, 10:

quocum mihi conjuncta cura de publicā re et privatā fuit,

id. Lael. 4, 15:

si qua de Pompejo nostro tuendo... cura te attigit,

id. Att. 9, 11, 2, A:

gratissima est mihi tua cura de illo mandato,

id. ib. 5, 4, 1.—So with de:

curam habere, agere, etc.: de vitā communi omnium curam habere,

Vitr. 1, 2, init.:

Romani tamquam de Samnitibus non de se curam agerent,

Liv. 8, 3, 8.—

With pro:

omnium non tam pro Aetolis cura erat, quam ne, etc.,

Liv. 27, 30, 5:

curam habere pro aliquo,

Veg. 2, 20:

curam pro nobis hospitis, uxor, agas,

Ov. H. 15 (16), 302.—

Curae (alicui) esse, to be an object of care or attention; to have a care for, take care of, attend to, to be anxious about, bestow pains upon, etc.:

Caesar pollicitus est, sibi eam rem curae futuram, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 33:

haec sibi esse curae,

id. ib. 1, 40:

rati sese diis curae esse,

Sall. J. 75, 9:

cui salus mea fuit curae,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 22; 15, 2, 8; Quint. 3, 8, 45 et saep.:

ea tantae mihi curae sunt, ut, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 24:

pollicetur sibi magnae curae fore, ut omnia restituerentur,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 33, § 73; cf.:

si tibi curae Quantae conveniat,

Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 30:

ipsis doctoribus hoc esse curae velim, ut, etc.,

Quint. 2, 4, 5:

dumque amor est curae,

Ov. M. 2, 683:

ceterum magis vis morbi ingravescens curae erat, terroresque ac prodigia,

Liv. 4, 21, 5:

ceterum eo tempore minus ea bella... curae patribus erant, quam expectatio, etc.,

id. 35, 23, 1:

in eorum periculis non secus absentes quam praesentes amicos Attico esse curae,

Nep. Att. 12, 5.—With a subject-clause:

nonnulli, quibus non fuit curae caelestem inveterare aquam, etc.,

Col. 12, 12, 3; Quint. 7, 1, 4; 9, 3, 74:

eligere modo curae sit,

id. 10, 1, 31:

mihi erit curae explorare provinciae voluntatem,

Plin. Ep. 7, 10, 2.—With de: de mandatis quod tibi curae fuit, est mihi gratum, Cic. Fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 8:

sic recipiunt, Caesari... de augendā meā dignitate curae fore,

Cic. Att. 11, 6, 3; cf. id. Fam. 10, 1, 1, and II. A. fin. infra:

de ceteris senatui curae fore,

Sall. J. 26, 1.—In the same sense also,

Curae aliquid habere:

cohortatus, ut petitionem suam curae haberent,

Sall. C. 21 fin.; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10;

Quint. prooem. § 16: habebo itaque curae, ut te meliorem reddam,

Sen. Ben. 1, 8, 2:

ut ille... quid ageret, curae sibi haberet certiorem facere Atticum,

Nep. Att. 20, 4.—

Cura est, with subject-clause, solicitude, care, anxiety to do any thing ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

curaque finitimos vincere major erat,

Ov. F. 1, 30:

talis amor teneat, nec sit mihi cura mederi,

Verg. E. 8, 89:

cura comere capillum fuit,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 17, 7.—

In partic., t. t.

In political lang. (esp. of the post-Aug. per.), the management of state affairs, administration, charge, oversight, command, office:

magistratus et imperia, postremo omnis cura rerum publicarum minime mihi hac tempestate cupiunda videntur,

Sall. J. 3, 1; so,

legionis armandae,

Tac. H. 1, 80:

aerarii,

Suet. Aug. 36:

annonae,

id. Tib. 8:

operum publicorum, viarum, aquarum, etc. (preceded by nova officia),

id. Aug. 37 al. —

In the jurists, the management of business for a minor, guardianship, trusteeship (for the more usu. curatio), Dig. 3, 1, 1; 5, 1, 19 et saep.—

In medic., medical attendance, healing (for curatio), cure:

aquae, quae sub cutem est,

Cels. 2, 10; Vell. 2, 123; Sil. 6, 551 Drak. et saep.— Plur.:

curae aegrescentium,

Macr. S. 7, 4, 6.—Hence, poet.:

illa fuit lacrimis ultima cura meis (sc. somnus),

Prop. 1, 3, 46; cf. Cic. Fam. 5, 16, 5.—

In agriculture, care, culture, rearing:

Pelusiacae lentis,

Verg. G. 1, 228:

boum,

id. ib. 1, 3.—

Meton. (abstr. pro concr.).

Like the Gr. meletê, a written work, writing (several times in Tac.;

elsewhere rare): quorum in manus cura nostra venerit,

Tac. A. 4, 11; id. Or. 3; Ov. P. 4, 16, 39. —In plur., Tac. A. 3, 24.—

An attendant, guardian, overseer (very rare):

tertius immundae cura fidelis harae,

i. e. the swine - herd Eumæus, Ov. H. 1, 104: praetorii, Treb. Claud. 14; cf. Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 45; 2, 1.—

Anxiety, solicitude, concern, disquiet, trouble, grief, sorrow; syn.: sollicitudo, metus, etc.; cf. phrontis (very freq. in every per. and species of composition).

In gen.: si quid ego adjuro curamve levasso, quae nunc te coquit, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 1, 1:

animus lassus, curā confectus,

Ter. And. 2, 1, 4:

cottidianā curā angere ani mum,

id. Phorm. 1, 3, 8:

curae metusque,

Cic. Div. 2, 72, 150: cura et sollicitudo. id. Att. 15, 14, 3; Quint. 8, prooem. § 20;

11, 1, 44 et saep.: curas cordis manis,

Lucr. 3, 116:

acres cuppedinis,

id. 5, 46:

gravi saucia curā (Dido),

Verg. A. 4, 1:

atra, Hor C. 3, 1, 40: edaces,

id. ib. 2, 11, 18:

vitiosa,

id. ib. 2, 16, 22:

sine curā esse,

Cic. Att. 12, 6, 4; 15, 12, 2:

quid facerem, curā cruciabar miser,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 1, 23:

cura est, negoti quid sit aut quid nuntiet,

I am anxious, my concern is, id. ib. 1, 2, 10; cf.: amica mea quid agat, Cura est, ut valeat, id. Stich. [p. 501] 5, 2, 4:

mihi maximae curae est, non de meā quidem vitā, sed me patria sollicitat, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 10, 1, 1.—With pro:

quam pro me curam geris,

Verg. A. 12, 48.—With in:

nullā in posterum curā,

Tac. H. 3, 55.— Plur.:

cur eam rem tam studiose curas, quae tibi multas dabit curas,

Auct. Her. 4, 14, 21:

at tibi curarum milia quanta dabit!

Prop. 1, 5, 10.—

In partic., the care, pain, or anxiety of love, love ( poet.):

crescit enim assidue spectando cura puellae,

Prop. 3 (4), 21, 3; cf. Ov. R. Am. 311:

tua sub nostro pectore cura,

Prop. 1, 15, 31:

et juvenum curas et libera vina referre,

Hor. A. P. 85: hinc illaec primum Veneris dulcedinis in cor Stillavit gutta et successit frigida cura, chilling anxiety for one loved, Lucr. 4, 1060.—Hence,

Meton. (abstr. pro concr.), the loved object, the mistress:

tua cura, Lycoris,

Verg. E. 10, 22; Prop. 2 (3), 25, 1; 2 (3), 34, 9; Hor. C. 2, 8, 8; Verg. Cir. 75; cf.:

puer, mea maxima cura,

id. A. 1, 678; 10, 132:

cura deum,

id. ib. 3, 46:

raucae, tua cura, palumbes,

id. E. 1, 57 Forbig. ad loc.

dēfectus, a, um, Part. and P. a., from deficio.

dēfectus, ūs, m. [deficio].

(For defectio, no. I.) Defection, revolt:

magno animo defectum eorum tulit,

Curt. 7, 19, 39 Mützell.:

legionum,

Capitol. Macr. 8.—

( = defectio, no. III.) A failing, failure, lack, disappearance (freq. in the elder Pliny;

elsewhere rare): lactis (mammae),

Plin. 20, 23, 96, § 256:

stomachi,

weakness, id. 19, 5, 29, § 92:

animi,

a swoon, id. 20, 2, 6, § 12:

albicante purpurae defectu,

fading away into white, id. 37, 9, 40, § 123:

in tanto defectu rerum,

freedom from occupation, Amm. 16, 5, 5. Of the eclipsing of the heavenly bodies:

solis,

Lucr. 5, 751; imitated by Verg. G. 2, 478:

ejus (sc. lunae) species ac forma mutatur tum crescendo, tum defectibus in initia recurrendo,

Cic. N. D. 2, 19 fin.

dē-fendo, di, sum ( infin. pass. parag.: defendier, Verg. A. 8, 493: Juv. 15, 157.— Part. gen. plur. sync.:

defendentum,

Verg. A. 11, 886), 3, v. a. [arch.: FENDO; cf. Sanscr. han (ghan), to smite; Gr. theinô; hence, also offendo, infensus, infestus, mani-festus; cf. fustis], to fend or ward off any thing hostile or injurious; to repel, avert, keep off: propulsando arcere (for syn. cf.: tueor, tutor, servo, conservo. propugno, protego, vindico, caveo—freq. and class.); regularly constr. with acc. alone (so in Cic. and Caes.); very rarely aliquid (aliquem) ab aliquo, and in poets also aliquid alicui; cf. Zumpt. Gr. § 469.

Aliquid (aliquem):

ut tu morbos calamitates intemperiasque prohibessis, defendas averruncesque,

Cato R. R. 141, 2: serva cives, defende hostes, cum potes defendere, Enn. ap. Non. 277, 21; cf.

bellum (opp. inferre),

Caes. B. G. 1, 44, 13; 2, 29 fin.:

ad defendendos ictus ac repellendos,

id. B. C. 2, 9, 3; cf.:

ignis jactus et lapides,

id. ib. 2, 2, 4:

frigus et solem,

Cato R. R. 48, 2; cf.:

nimios solis ardores,

Cic. de Sen. 15, 53;

and frigus,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 14;

also: sitim fonte et purā lymphā,

to quench, Sil. 7, 170:

qui non defendit injuriam neque propulsat,

Cic. Off. 3, 18, 74; so,

injuriam,

id. Rosc. Am. 1:

noxiam,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 48:

imperatoris sui tribunorumque plebis injurias,

Caes. B. C. 1, 7 fin.:

vim suorum,

id. ib. 3, 110, 4; cf.:

vim illatam vi,

Cic. Mil. 4:

pericula,

id. Mur. 3; Tac. A. 13, 56:

hunc furorem,

Verg. A. 10, 905:

dedecus manu,

Sil. 13, 99 et saep.:

crimen,

to answer, defend against an accusation, Liv. 42, 48, 2.—

With ab: (milites) a pinnis hostes defendebant facillime, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 1; cf. ib. 8:

hostem a fossa,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 9:

ignem a tectis,

Ov. R. Am. 625.—

Aliquid alicui (cf. arceo, no. II. d.):

iniuriam foribus,

Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 20:

solstitium pecori,

Verg. E. 7, 47; cf.:

aestatem capellis,

Hor. Od. 1, 17, 3; Prop. 1, 20, 11:

tela misero,

Sil. 17, 432:

dedecus morti,

id. 5, 490:

senium famae,

Stat. Th. 9, 318.—

Absol., to put a stop (to a fire), to check the flames:

nec quisquam defendere audebat, crebris minis restinguere prohibentium,

Tac. A. 15, 38; cf.:

urbem incendere, feris in populum immissis, quo difficilius defenderentur,

Suet. Ner. 43.—

Transf., like prohibere, with acc. of that from which any thing is warded off or averted, to defend, guard, protect, cover.

In gen. (so most freq. in all perr. and species of composition), constr. with acc. alone; with acc. and ab aliquo (contra aliquid), or merely ab aliquo; and absol.

With simple acc.:

Aeduos ceterosque amicos populi Rom.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 35 fin.:

eos,

id. ib. 2, 10, 4; id. B. C. 1, 6, 2:

se armis,

id. B. G. 6, 34:

se manu,

id. ib. 5, 7, 8;

6, 40, 6 et saep.: castra,

id. ib. 3, 3 fin.; id. B. C. 3, 67, 5; 3, 94, 6 (with tueri):

oppidum,

id. B. G. 3, 16, 3 et saep.:

eum defendo, quem tu accusas,

Cic. Sull. 17:

aliquem apud praetores,

id. Clu. 45, 126:

aliquem de ambitu,

id. Sull. 2, 6: cf.

causam,

id. Clu. 27, 74; id. Sull. 31, 86; id. Lael. 25, 96 et passim:

d. ac tegere scelus,

id. Sull. 31, 86; cf.

with protegere,

id. ib. 18, 50:

justitiam,

id. Lael. 7, 25:

communem salutem,

id. Rep. 1, 1; id. Mur. 2 fin. et saep.:

locum,

to preserve, maintain, id. Quint. 13, 43; cf.:

vicem modo rhetoris atque poëtae,

to sustain, Hor. S. 1, 10, 12:

actorum partes,

id. A. P. 194:

aedes Vestae vix defensa est (sc. ab incendio),

preserved, Liv. 26, 27.—

Aliquid (aliquem) ab aliquo:

Aedui cum se suaque ab iis defendere non possent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 11, 2:

se a finitimis,

id. ib. 2, 31, 5; id. B. C. 1, 75, 3; Sall. C. 45, 4 et saep.:

Galliam omnem ab Ariovisti injuria,

Caes. B. G. 1, 31 fin.; so,

aliquem ab injuria,

id. ib. 5, 20, 3; Sall. C. 35 fin.; cf. Caes. B. C. 1, 22, 5:

se regnumque suum ab Romanorum avaritia,

Sall. J. 49, 2:

provinciam non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 6, 14: Italiam a vastatione, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15 fin.:

vitam ab inimicorum audacia telisque,

Cic. Mil. 2 fin.:

libertatis causam ab regio praesidio,

Liv. 39, 24 et saep.:

teneras myrtos a frigore,

Verg. E. 7, 6:

frondes ab acutae vulnere falcis, a pecoris morsu,

Ov. M. 9, 384 et saep.—

With ab aliquo:

quod et ab incendio lapis et ab ariete materia defendit,

Caes. B. G. 7, 23, 5; so id. B. C. 1, 25 fin.; 3, 63, 7.—

Aliquem (aliquid) contra, or adversus aliquem:

me scio a te contra iniquos meos solere defendi,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 7:

sese adversus populum Romanum defendere,

id. Phil. 1, 6, 13:

me adversus Abrupolim,

Liv. 42, 41, 10; Just. 2, 4, 32; Suet. Caes. 71; Liv. 5, 35, 4:

auctoritatem contra invidiam,

Cic. Phil, 8, 4; 13, 11; id. Fam. 5, 2, 6; id. Sest. 67, 141; 23, 51; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45.—

Absol.:

filii qui et sentire et defendere possent,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 23, 64 fin.:

cum jam defenderet nemo,

Caes. B. G. 2, 33, 6:

defendentibus civibus Romanis,

id. B. C. 3, 40, 6; cf. in the abl. absol., id. B. G. 2, 12, 3; id. B. C. 3, 68 fin.; Cic. Lael. 25, 96 et saep.:

quibus eae partes ad defendendum obvenerunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 81 fin. —

In partic.

Of speech, to defend, support, maintain; to bring forward, allege in defence (so repeatedly in Cic.; elsewhere rare).

With acc.:

(Carneades) nullam umquam in illis suis disputationibus rem defendit, quam non probarit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 38 fin.; cf. id. Fam. 4, 14:

me id maxime defendisse, ut, etc.,

have chiefly striven for, id. Rosc. Am. 47; id. Verr. 2, 3, 37; 2, 5, 58.—

With acc. and inf.:

gravissimeque et verissime defenditur, numquam aequitatem ab utilitate posse sejungi, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 3, 21, 71; id. Verr. 2, 3, 90 fin.; id. Tull. 13, 32:

ille nihil ex his sponte susceptum sed principi paruisse defendebat,

Tac. A. 13, 43:

sed id solitum esse fieri defendebat,

Gell. 10, 19; so with verb pass. and inf., Cic. Inv. 2, 32 init. —

With a relative clause:

(quae turpitudines) cur non cadant in sapientem, non est facile defendere,

Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117. —

In the later jurid. Lat., to claim, vindicate, or prosecute at law:

quia libertatem et hereditatem ex testamento sibi defendebat,

Dig. 5, 3, 7:

si patris mortem defendere necesse habuerit,

i. e. legally to avenge his death, ib. 38, 2, 14, § 7; 48, 2, 11.

dēlībĕrātĭo, ōnis, f. [id.], a deliberation, consultation, consideration (a Ciceron. word; elsewhere very rare).

In gen.:

ad deliberationes eas, quas habebat domi de republica, principes civitatis adhibebat,

Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 2; id. Off. 3, 12, 50:

inciditur omnis jam deliberatio, si intellegitur non posse fieri,

id. de Or. 2, 82, 336:

id quod in deliberationem cadit,

id. Off. 1, 3, 9:

habet res deliberationem,

needs consideration, id. Att. 7, 3, 3:

consilii capiendi,

respecting the resolution to be adopted, id. Off. 1, 3, 9; cf.

officii,

id. Att. 8, 15, 2 et saep.:

neque recte an perperam (factum) interpretor: fuerit ista ejus deliberatio, qui bellum suscepit,

Liv. 1, 23; Quint. 3, 8, 10. —

Esp. in rhetor. lang. i. q. causa deliberativa, Cic. Inv. 1, 9, 12; id. de Or. 1, 6, 22; Quint. 2, 21, 18.

dē-turbo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to drive, thrust, or cast down, to throw or beat down, sc. in a violent, tumultuous manner (freq. and class.; orig. perh. peculiar to milit. lang.).

Lit.:

aliquem de pugnaculis,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 63:

nostros de vallo lapidibus,

Caes. B. G. 7, 81, 2; cf.:

aliquem ex vallo,

id. B. C. 3, 67, 4:

Macedones ex praesidiis stationibusque,

Liv. 31, 39 fin.; and so in a milit. sense with the simple acc., Caes. B. G. 5, 43 fin.; Liv. 10, 41; 25, 13 al.; and absol., Tac. A. 4, 51:

de tecto tegulas,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 1, 5:

Trebonium de tribunali,

Caes. B. C. 3, 21, 2; cf.:

aliquem certa re et possessione,

Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 2:

fucos a sedibus suis,

Pall. Jun. 7 et saep.:

statuam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 41 fin.; id. Pis. 38, 93; cf. aedificium, to pull or tear down, id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 7 et saep.:

Phaëthonta equis in terram,

Lucr. 5, 402; cf.:

praecipitem ab alta puppi in mare,

Verg. A. 5, 175:

aliquem in viam,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 6; id. Mil. 2, 2, 6: caput orantis terrae, to strike to the ground, i. e. to cut off, Verg. A. 10, 555.—

Trop. (repeatedly in Cic.;

elsewhere rare): aliquem de sanitate ac mente,

to deprive of, Cic. Pis. 20, 46:

aliquem ex magna spe,

id. Fam. 5, 7:

de fortunis omnibus P. Quinctius deturbandus est,

id. Quint. 14, 47:

haec verecundiam mi et virtutis modum deturbavit,

Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 60.— With abl. alone:

neque solum spe, sed certa re jam et possessione deturbatus est,

Cic. Fam. 12, 25, 2; id. Rep. 3, 20, 30.

ex or ē (ex always before vowels, and elsewh. more freq. than e; e. g. in Cic. Rep. e occurs 19 times, but ex 61 times, before consonants—but no rule can be given for the usage; cf., e. g., ex and e together:

qui ex corporum vinculis tamquam e carcere evolaverunt,

Cic. Rep. 6, 14. But certain expressions have almost constantly the same form, as ex parte, ex sententia, ex senatus consulto, ex lege, ex tempore, etc.; but e regione, e re nata, e vestigio, e medio, and e republica used adverbially; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 756 sq.), praep. with abl. [kindr. with Gr. ek, ex], denotes out from the interior of a thing, in opposition to in (cf. ab and de init.), out of, from.

In space.

Prop.:

interea e portu nostra navis solvitur, Ubi portu exiimus, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 54:

quam (sphaeram) M. Marcelli avus captis Syracusis ex urbe locupletissima atque ornatissima sustulisset, cum aliud nihil ex tanta praeda domum suam deportavisset,

Cic. Rep. 1, 14:

influxit non tenuis quidam e Graecia rivulus in hanc urbem,

id. ib. 2, 19:

visam, ecquae advenerit In portum ex Epheso navis mercatoria,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 3, 2, 5;

3, 6, 32 al.: magno de flumine malim quam ex hoc fonticulo tantundem sumere,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 56; cf.:

nec vos de paupere mensa Dona nec e puris spernite fictilibus,

Tib. 1, 1, 38:

clanculum ex aedibus me edidi foras,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 9; so freq. with verbs compounded with ex; also with verbs compounded with ab and de, v. abeo, abscedo, amoveo, aveho, etc.; decedo, deduco, defero, deicio, etc.—

In a downward direction, from, down from, from off:

ex spelunca saxum in crura ejus incidisse,

Cic. Fat. 3, 6; cf. Liv. 35, 21:

picis e caelo demissum flumen,

Lucr. 6, 257:

equestribus proeliis saepe ex equis desiliunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 3; cf.:

cecidisse ex equo dicitur,

Cic. Clu. 62 fin.:

e curru trahitur,

id. Rep. 2, 41:

e curru desilit,

Ov. A. A. 1, 559 et saep., v. cado, decido, decurro, deduco, delabor, elabor, etc.—

In an upward direction, from, above:

collis paululum ex planitie editus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8, 3:

globum terrae eminentem e mari,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 28;

and trop.: consilia erigendae ex tam gravi casu rei publicae,

Liv. 6, 2.—

Transf.

To indicate the country, and, in gen., the place from or out of which any person or thing comes, from:

ex Aethiopia est usque haec,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 18:

quod erat ex eodem municipio,

Cic. Clu. 17, 49; cf. id. ib. 5, 11.—Freq. without a verb:

Philocrates ex Alide,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 2, 10:

ex Aethiopia ancillula,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 85 Ruhnk.:

negotiator ex Africa,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 5:

Epicurei e Graecia,

id. N. D. 1, 21, 58:

Q. Junius ex Hispania quidam,

Caes. B. G. 5, 27:

ex India elephanti,

Liv. 35, 32:

civis Romanus e conventu Panhormitano,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54 Zumpt; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 59 fin.:

meretrix e proxumo,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 38; cf. id. Aul. 2, 4, 11:

puer ex aula (sc. regis barbari),

Hor. C. 1, 29, 7:

ex spelunca saxum,

Cic. Fat. 3, 6:

saxum ex capitolio,

Liv. 35, 21, 6:

ex equo cadere,

Cic. Clu. 32, 175; cf. id. Fat. 3, 6; Auct. B. Hisp. 15 et saep.—

To indicate the place from which any thing is done or takes place, from, down from: ibi tum derepente ex alto in altum despexit mare, Enn. ap. Non. 518, 6 (for which:

a summo caelo despicere,

Ov. A. A. 2, 87; and:

de vertice montis despicere,

id. M. 11, 503); cf.:

T. Labienus... ex loco superiore conspicatus, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 4:

ex qua (villa) jam audieram fremitum clientium meorum,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 3:

ex hoc ipso loco permulta contra legem eam verba fecisti,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; so id. ib. 8 fin.; cf.:

judices aut e plano aut e quaesitoris tribunali admonebat,

Suet. Tib. 33:

ex equo, ex prora, ex puppi pugnare,

Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 202 and 209; cf. Caes. B. G. 2, 27, 3:

ex vinculis causam dicere,

id. ib. 1, 4, 1; Liv. 29, 19.—Hence the adverbial expressions, ex adverso, ex diverso, ex contrario, e regione, ex parte, e vestigio, etc.; v. the words adversus, diversus, etc.—Also, ex itinere, during or on a journey, on the march, without halting, Cic. Fam. 3, 9; Sall. C. 34, 2; Liv. 35, 24; Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 1; 3, 21, 2; id. B. C. 1, 24, 4; Sall. J. 56, 3 al.; cf.

also: ex fuga,

during the flight, Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 6; id. B. C. 3, 95; 96 fin.; Sall. J. 54, 4 Kritz.; Liv. 6, 29; 28, 23 al.

In time.

From a certain point of time, i. e. immediately after, directly after, after (in this sense more freq. than ab):

Cotta ex consulatu est profectus in Galliam,

Cic. Brut. 92, 318; so,

ex consulatu,

Liv. 4, 31 Drak.; 40, 1 fin.; 22, 49; 27, 34; Vell. 2, 33, 1 al.:

ex praetura,

Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 53; id. Mur. 7, 15; Caes. B. C. 1, 22, 4; 1, 31, 2:

ex dictatura,

Liv. 10, 5 fin.:

ex eo magistratu,

Vell. 2, 31 et saep.; cf.:

Agrippa ex Asia (pro consule eam provinciam annuo imperio tenuerat) Moesiae praepositus est,

Tac. H. 3, 46 fin.:

statim e somno lavantur,

id. G. 22:

tanta repente vilitas annonae ex summa inopia et caritate rei frumentariae consecuta est,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 44; cf. Liv. 21, 39:

ex aliquo graviore actu personam deponere,

Quint. 6, 2, 35:

mulier ex partu si, etc.,

Cels. 2, 8:

ex magnis rupibus nactus planitiem,

Caes. B. C. 1, 70, 3; cf.: ex maximo bello tantum otium totae insulae conciliavit, ut, etc., Nop. Timol. 3, 2; and:

ex magna desperatione tandem saluti redditus,

Just. 12, 10, 1 et saep.:

ex quo obses Romae fuit,

since he was a hostage in Rome, Liv. 40, 5 fin. —So the phrase, aliud ex alio, one thing after another:

me quotidie aliud ex alio impedit,

Cic. Fam. 9, 19 fin.; Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14 (cf. also, alius, D.):

aliam rem ex alia cogitare,

Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 3:

alia ex aliis iniquiora postulando,

Liv. 4, 2.—So, too, diem ex die exspectabam, one day after another, from day to day, Cic. Att. 7, 26 fin.; cf.:

diem ex die ducere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 5 (v. dies, I. A. b.).—

With names of office or calling, to denote one who has completed his term of office, or has relinquished his vocation. So in class. Lat. very dub.;

for the passage,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46, 4, belongs more correctly under III. B. It is, however, very common in post-class. Lat., esp. in inscriptions—ex consule, ex comite, ex duce, ex equite, ex praefecto, etc.— an ex-consul, etc. (for which, without good MS. authority, the nominatives exconsul, excomes, exdux, etc., are sometimes assumed, in analogy with proconsul, and subvillicus; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, p. 562, note, and the authors there cited):

vir excelsus ex quaestore et ex consule Tribonianus,

Cod. Just. 1, 17, 2, § 9; cf.:

Pupienus et Balbinus, ambo ex consulibus,

Capitol. Gord. 22:

duo ante ipsam aram a Gallicano ex consulibus et Maecenate ex ducibus interempti sunt,

id. ib.:

mandabat Domitiano, ex comite largitionum, praefecto, ut, etc.,

Amm. 14, 7, 9:

Serenianus ex duce,

id. 14, 7, 7:

INLVSTRIS EX PRAEFECTO praeTORIO ET EX PRAEFECTO VRbis,

Inscr. Orell. 2355 al., v. Inscr. Orell. in Indice, p. 525.—

And of a period of life: quem si Constans Imperator olim ex adulto jamque maturum audiret, etc.,

i. e. who had outgrown the period of youth, and was now a man, Amm. 16, 7.—

From and after a given time, from... onward, from, since (cf. ab, II. A. 2.):

bonus volo jam ex hoc die esse,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 10:

itaque ex eo tempore res esse in vadimonium coepit,

Cic. Quint. 5 fin.:

nec vero usquam discedebam, nec a republica deiciebam oculos, ex eo die, quo, etc.,

id. Phil. 1, 1:

ex aeterno tempore,

id. Fin. 1, 6, 17:

ex hoc die,

id. Rep. 1, 16:

motum ex Metello consule civicum tractas,

from the consulship of Metellus, Hor. C. 2, 1, 1:

C. Pompeius Diogenes ex Kalendis Juliis cenaculum locat,

Petr. 38, 10; so usually in forms of hiring; cf. Garaton. Cic. Phil. 2, 39, 100:

ex ea die ad hanc diem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12 fin.:

memoria tenent, me ex Kalendis Januariis ad hanc horam invigilasse rei publicae,

id. Phil. 14, 7, 20.—Esp.: ex quo (sc. tempore), since: [p. 670] octavus annus est, ex quo, etc., Tac. Agr. 33; id. A. 14, 53:

sextus decimus dies agitur, ex quo,

id. H. 1, 29:

sextus mensis est, ex quo,

Curt. 10, 6, 9; Hor. Ep. 11, 5; so,

ex eo,

Tac. A. 12, 7; Suet. Caes. 22:

ex illo,

Ov. F. 5, 670; Stat. Silv. 1, 2, 81.—

Less freq. in specifying a future date (after which something is to be done), from, after:

Romae vereor ne ex Kal. Jan. magni tumultus sint,

Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 3:

hunc judicem ex Kal. Jan. non habemus... ex Kal. Jan. non judicabunt,

id. Verr. 1, 10:

ex Idibus Mart.... ex Idibus Mai.,

id. Att. 5, 21, 9.

In other relations, and in gen. where a going out or forth, a coming or springing out of any thing is conceivable.

With verbs of taking out, or, in gen., of taking, receiving, deriving (both physically and mentally; so of perceiving, comprehending, inquiring, learning, hoping, etc.), away from, from, out of, of:

solem e mundo tollere videntur, qui amicitiam e vita tollunt,

Cic. Lael. 13, 47:

ex omni populo deligendi potestas,

id. Agr. 2, 9, 23:

agro ex hoste capto,

Liv. 41, 14, 3:

cui cum liceret majores ex otio fructus capere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4:

ex populo Romano bona accipere,

Sall. J. 102:

majorem laetitiam ex desiderio bonorum percepimus, quam ex laetitia improborum dolorem,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4:

quaesierat ex me Scipio,

id. ib. 1, 13:

ex te requirunt,

id. ib. 2, 38:

de quo studeo ex te audire, quid sentias,

id. ib. 1, 11 fin.; 1, 30; 1, 46; 2, 38; cf.:

intellexi ex tuis litteris te ex Turannio audisse, etc.,

id. Att. 6, 9, 3:

ex eo cum ab ineunte ejus aetate bene speravissem,

id. Fam. 13, 16 et saep.; cf.:

ex aliqua re aliquid nominare,

id. N. D. 2, 20, 51:

vocare,

Tac. G. 2, 4; cf. id. ib. 4, 55; Sall. J. 5, 4.—

In specifying a multitude from which something is taken, or of which it forms a part, out of, of:

qui ex civitate in senatum, ex senatu in hoc consilium delecti estis,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 3 fin.:

e vectoribus sorte ductus,

id. Rep. 1, 34:

ecquis est ex tanto populo, qui? etc.,

id. Rab. Post. 17:

homo ex numero disertorum postulabat, ut, etc.,

id. de Or. 1, 37, 168: Q. Fulgentius, ex primo hastato (sc. ordine) legionis XIV., i. e. a soldier of the first division of hastati of the 14 th legion, Caes. B. C. 1, 46;

v. hastatus: e barbaris ipsis nulli erant maritimi,

Cic. Rep. 2, 4:

unus ex illis decemviris,

id. ib. 2, 37:

ex omnibus seculis vix tria aut quatuor nominantur paria amicorum,

id. Lael. 4, 15:

aliquis ex vobis,

id. Cael. 3, 7; id. Fam. 13, 1 fin.: id enim ei ex ovo videbatur aurum declarasse;

reliquum, argentum,

this of the egg, id. Div. 2, 65:

quo e collegio (sc. decemvirorum),

id. Rep. 2, 36:

virgines ex sacerdotio Vestae,

Flor. 1, 13, 12:

alia ex hoc quaestu,

Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 29 Ruhnk.; cf.:

fuit eodem ex studio vir eruditus apud patres nostros,

Cic. Mur. 36; Ov. Am. 2, 5, 54; Sen. Ben. 3, 9; id. Ep. 52, 3:

qui sibi detulerat ex latronibus suis principatum,

Cic. Phil. 2, 3:

est tibi ex his, qui assunt, bella copia,

id. Rep. 2, 40:

Batavi non multum ex ripa, sed insulam Rheni amnis colunt,

Tac. G. 29:

acerrimum autem ex omnibus nostris sensibus esse sensum videndi,

Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357:

ex tribus istis modis rerum publicarum velim scire quod optimum judices,

id. Rep. 1, 30; cf. id. ib. 1, 35 et saep.—

Sometimes a circumlocution for the subject. gen., of (cf. de):

has (turres) altitudo puppium ex barbaris navibus superabat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 14, 4:

album ex ovo cum rosa mixtum,

Cels. 4, 20:

ex fraxino frondes, ex leguminibus paleae,

Col. 7, 3, 21 sq. —

To indicate the material of which any thing is made or consists, of:

fenestrae e viminibus factae,

Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 6; cf.:

statua ex aere facta,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 21; and:

ex eo auro buculam curasse faciendam,

id. Div. 1, 24:

substramen e palea,

Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 4:

pocula ex auro, vas vinarium ex una gemma pergrandi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27:

monilia e gemmis,

Suet. Calig. 56:

farina ex faba,

Cels. 5, 28:

potiones ex absinthio,

id. ib. et saep.:

Ennius (i. e. statua ejus) constitutus ex marmore,

Cic. Arch. 9 fin.; cf. id. Ac. 2, 31, 100:

(homo) qui ex animo constet et corpore caduco et infirmo,

id. N. D. 1, 35, 98:

natura concreta ex pluribus naturis,

id. ib. 3, 14; id. Rep. 1, 45; id. Ac. 1, 2, 6: cum Epicuro autem hoc est plus negotii, quod e duplici genere voluptatis conjunctus est, id. Fin. 2, 14, 44 et saep.—

To denote technically the material, out of, i. e. with which any thing to eat or drink, etc., is mixed or prepared (esp. freq. of medical preparations):

resinam ex melle Aegyptiam,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 28:

quo pacto ex jure hesterno panem atrum vorent,

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 17:

bibat jejunus ex aqua castoreum,

Cels. 3, 23:

aqua ex lauro decocta,

id. 4, 2; cf.:

farina tritici ex aceto cocta,

Plin. 22, 25, 57, § 120:

pullum hirundinis servatum ex sale,

Cels. 4, 4:

nuclei pinei ex melle, panis vel elota alica ex aqua mulsa (danda est),

id. 4, 7 et saep.—So of the mixing of colors or flavors:

bacae e viridi rubentes,

Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 127:

frutex ramosus, bacis e nigro rufis,

id. ib. §

132: id solum e rubro lacteum traditur,

id. 12, 14, 30, § 52:

e viridi pallens,

id. 37, 8, 33, § 110:

apes ex aureolo variae,

Col. 9, 3, 2:

sucus ex austero dulcis,

Plin. 13, 9, 18, § 62; 21, 8, 26, § 50:

ex dulci acre,

id. 11, 15, 15, § 39; cf.

trop.: erat totus ex fraude et mendacio factus,

Cic. Clu. 26.—

To indicate the cause or reason of any thing, from, through, by, by reason of, on account of:

cum esset ex aere alieno commota civitas,

Cic. Rep. 2, 33:

ex doctrina nobilis et clarus,

id. Rab. Post. 9, 23:

ex vulnere aeger,

id. Rep. 2, 21; cf.:

ex renibus laborare,

id. Tusc. 2, 25:

ex gravitate loci vulgari morbos,

Liv. 25, 26:

ex vino vacillantes, hesterna ex potatione oscitantes,

Quint. 8, 33, 66:

gravida e Pamphilo est,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 11:

credon' tibi hoc, nunc peperisse hanc e Pamphilo?

id. ib. 3, 2, 17:

ex se nati,

Cic. Rep. 1, 35:

ex quodam conceptus,

id. ib. 2, 21:

ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum,

id. ib. 1, 44:

ex hac maxima libertate tyrannis gignitur,

id. ib. et saep.:

ex te duplex nos afficit sollicitudo,

Cic. Brut. 97, 332; cf.:

quoniam tum ex me doluisti, nunc ut duplicetur tuum ex me gaudium, praestabo,

id. Fam. 16, 21, 3:

in spem victoriae adductus ex opportunitate loci,

Sall. J. 48, 2:

veritus ex anni tempore et inopia aquae, ne siti conficeretur exercitus,

id. ib. 50, 1 et saep.:

ex Transalpinis gentibus triumphare,

Cic. Phil. 8, 6, 18; id. Off. 2, 8, 28; cf. id. Fam. 3, 10, 1:

gens Fabia saepe ex opulentissima Etrusca civitate victoriam tulit,

Liv. 2, 50:

ex tam propinquis stativis parum tuta frumentatio erat,

i. e. on account of the proximity of the two camps, Liv. 31, 36:

qua ex causa cum bellum Romanis Sabini intulissent,

Cic. Rep. 2, 7:

hic mihi (credo equidem ex hoc, quod eramus locuti) Africanus se ostendit,

id. ib. 6, 10:

quod ex eo sciri potest, quia, etc.,

id. Tusc. 1, 18 fin.; cf. id. Leg. 1, 15, 43:

causa... fuit ex eo, quod, etc.,

id. Phil. 6, 1:

ex eo fieri, ut, etc.,

id. Lael. 13, 46:

ex quo fit, ut, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 43:

e quo efficitur, non ut, etc.,

id. Fin. 2, 5, 15 et saep.—Sometimes between two substantives without a verb:

non minor ex aqua postea quam ab hostibus clades,

Flor. 4, 10, 8:

ex nausea vomitus,

Cels. 4, 5:

ex hac clade atrox ira,

Liv. 2, 51, 6:

metus ex imperatore, contemptio ex barbaris,

Tac. A. 11, 20:

ex legato timor,

id. Agr. 16 et saep.—

In partic., to indicate that from which any thing derives its name, from, after, on account of:

cui postea Africano cognomen ex virtute fuit,

Sall. J. 5, 4; cf. Flor. 2, 6, 11:

cui (sc. Tarquinio) cognomen Superbo ex moribus datum,

id. 1, 7, 1:

nomen ex vitio positum,

Ov. F. 2, 601:

quarum ex disparibus motionibus magnum annum mathematici nominaverunt,

Cic. N. D. 2, 20; id. Leg. 1, 8; cf. id. Tusc. 4, 12; Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 123:

holosteon sine duritia est, herba ex adverso appellata a Graecis,

id. 27, 10, 65, § 91:

quam urbem e suo nomine Romam jussit nominari,

Cic. Rep. 2, 7:

e nomine (nominibus),

id. ib. 2, 20; Tac. A. 4, 55; id. G. 2; Just. 15, 4, 8; 20, 5, 9 et saep.—

To indicate a transition, i. e. a change, alteration, from one state or condition to another, from, out of:

si possum tranquillum facere ex irato mihi,

Plaut. Cist. 3, 21:

fierent juvenes subito ex infantibus parvis,

Lucr. 1, 186:

dii ex hominibus facti,

Cic. Rep. 2, 10:

ut exsistat ex rege dominus, ex optimatibus factio, ex populo turba et confusio,

id. ib. 1, 45:

nihil est tam miserabile quam ex beato miser,

id. Part. 17; cf.:

ex exsule consul,

id. Manil. 4, 46:

ex perpetuo annuum placuit, ex singulari duplex,

Flor. 1, 9, 2: tua virtute nobis Romanos ex amicis amicissimos fecisti, Sall. J. 10:

ex alto sapore excitati,

Curt. 7, 11, 18.—

Ex (e) re, ex usu or ex injuria, to or for the advantage or injury of any one:

ex tua re non est, ut ego emoriar,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102; 104; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 76: Cervius haec inter vicinus garrit aniles Ex re fabellas, i. e. fitting, suitable, pertinent (= pro commodo, quae cum re proposita conveniant), Hor. S. 2, 6, 78:

aliquid facere bene et e re publica,

for the good, the safety of the state, Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 25:

e (not ex) re publica,

id. ib. 3, 12, 30; 8, 4, 13; id. de Or. 2, 28, 124; id. Fam. 13, 8, 2; Liv. 23, 24; Suet. Caes. 19 et saep.:

exque re publica,

Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38; 5, 13, 36:

non ex usu nostro est,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 60; Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 10; Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 2; 1, 50 fin.; 5, 6 fin. al.; cf.:

ex utilitate,

Plin. Pan. 67, 4; Tac. A. 15, 43:

ex nullius injuria,

Liv. 45, 44, 11.—

To designate the measure or rule, according to, after, in conformity with which any thing is done:

(majores) primum jurare EX SVI ANIMI SENTENTIA quemque voluerunt,

Cic. Ac. 2, 47 fin. (cf. Beier, Cic. Off. 3, 29, 108, and the references):

ex omnium sententia constitutum est, etc.,

id. Clu. 63, 177; cf.:

ex senatus sententia,

id. Fam. 12, 4:

ex collegii sententia,

Liv. 4, 53:

ex amicorum sententia,

id. 40, 29:

ex consilii sententia,

id. 45, 29 et saep.; cf.

also: ex sententia, i. q. ex voluntate,

according to one's wish, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 96: Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 32; Cic. Fam. 12, 10, 2; id. Att. 5, 21 al.;

and, in a like sense: ex mea sententia,

Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 1; id. Merc. 2, 3, 36:

ex senatus consulto,

Cic. Rep. 3, 18; Sall. C. 42 fin.:

ex edicto, ex decreto,

Cic. Fam. 13, 56 fin.; id. Quint. 8, 30:

ex lege,

id. Div. in Caecil. 5, 19; id. Clu. 37, 103; id. Inv. 1, 38, 68: ex jure, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10, 4 (Ann. v. 276 ed. Vahl.); Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Mull.; Cic. Mur. 12, 26; id. de Or. 1, 10, 41:

ex foedere,

Liv. 1, 23 et saep.:

hunccine erat aequum ex illius more, an illum ex hujus vivere?

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 29; so,

ex more,

Sall. J. 61, 3; Verg. A. 5, 244; 8, 186; Ov. M. 14, 156; 15, 593; Plin. Ep. 3, 18; Flor. 4, 2, 79 al.; cf.:

ex consuetudine,

Cic. Clu. 13, 38; Caes. B. G. 1, 52, 4; 4, 32, 1; Sall. J. 71, 4; Quint. 2, 7, 1 al.:

quod esse volunt e virtute, id est honeste vivere,

Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 34:

ex sua libidine moderantur,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 4; cf. Sall. C. 8, 1:

ut magis ex animo rogare nihil possim,

Cic. Fam. 13, 8, 3:

eorum ex ingenio ingenium horum probant,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 42; cf. Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 118; Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A.:

leges ex utilitate communi, non ex scriptione, quae in litteris est, interpretari,

Cic. Inv. 1, 38; cf. id. Lael. 6, 21:

nemo enim illum ex trunco corporis spectabat, sed ex artificio comico aestimabat,

id. Rosc. Com. 10, 28; cf. Sall. C. 10, 5; Caes. B. G. 3, 20, 1; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2 al.:

ex tuis verbis meum futurum corium pulcrum praedicas,

Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 19; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 17; id. Att. 1, 3:

nunc quae scribo, scribo ex opinione hominum atque fama,

id. Fam. 12, 4 fin.:

scripsit Tiberio, non ut profugus aut supplex, sed ex memoria prioris fortunae,

Tac. A. 2, 63: quamquam haec quidem res non solum ex domestica est ratione;

attingit etiam bellicam,

Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76; cf. id. Quint. 11; 15 et saep.—E re rata, v. ratus.—

To form adverbial expressions, such as: ex aequo, ex commodo, ex contrario, ex composito, ex confesso, ex destinato, ex diverso, ex facili, etc., ex affluenti, ex continenti;

ex improviso, ex inopinato, etc., v. the words aequus, commodus, etc.

2, 791:

terris ex,

id. 6, 788:

quibus e sumus uniter apti,

id. 3, 839; 5, 949.—E joined with que:

que sacra quercu,

Verg. E. 7, 13.

In composition, ex (cf. dis) before vowels and h, and before c, p, q, t (exagito, exeo, exigo, exoro, exuro, exhaurio; excedo, expello, exquiro, extraho); ef (sometimes ec) before f (effero, effluo, effringo; also in good MSS. ecfero, ecfari, ecfodio), elsewhere e (eblandior, educo, egredior, eicio, eligo, emitto, enitor, evado, eveho). A few exceptions are found, viz., in ex: epoto and epotus as well as expotus, and escendo as well as exscensio; in e: exbibo as well as ebibo; exballisto, exbola; exdorsuo; exfututa as well as effutuo; exfibulo; exlex, etc. After ex in compounds s is [p. 671] often elided in MSS. and edd. Both forms are correct, but the best usage and analogy favor the retaining of the s; so, exsaevio, exsanguis, exscensio, exscindo, exscribo, exsculpo, exseco, exsecror, exsequiae, exsequor, exsero, exsicco, exsilio, exsilium, exsisto, exsolvo, exsomnis, exsorbeo, exsors, exspecto, exspes, exspiro, exspolio, exspuo, exsterno, exstimulo, exstinguo, exstirpo, exsto, exstruo, exsudo, exsugo, exsul, exsulto, exsupero, exsurgo, exsuscito, and some others, with their derivv.; cf. Ribbeck, Prol. Verg. p. 445 sq. Only in escendere and escensio is the elision of x before s sustained by preponderant usage; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 766.—

Signification.

Primarily and most freq. of place, out or forth: exeo, elabor, educo, evado, etc.; and in an upward direction: emineo, effervesco, effero, erigo, exsurgo, exsulto, extollo, everto, etc.—Hence also, trop., out of ( a former nature), as in effeminare, qs. to change out of his own nature into that of a woman: effero, are, to render wild; thus ex comes to denote privation or negation, Engl. un-: exanimare, excusare, enodare, exonerare, effrenare, egelidus, I., elinguis, elumbis, etc.—

Throughout, to the end: effervesco, effero, elugeo; so in the neuter verbs which in composition (esp. since the Aug. per.) become active: egredior, enavigo, eno, enitor, excedo, etc.—Hence, thoroughly, utterly, completely: elaudare, emori, enecare, evastare, evincere (but eminari and eminatio are false readings for minari and minatio; q. v.); and hence a simple enhancing of the principal idea: edurus, efferus, elamentabilis, egelidus, exacerbo, exaugeo, excolo, edisco, elaboro, etc. In many compounds, however, of post - Aug. and especially of post-class. Latinity this force of ex is no longer distinct; so in appellations of color: exalbidus, exaluminatus, etc.; so in exabusus, exambire, exancillatus, etc. Vid. Hand Turs. II. Pp. 613-662.

in-curvo, āvi, ātum, āre, v. a., to bend, bow, crook, curve (in Cic. only once in part. pass.; elsewhere poet. and post-Aug.).

Lit.:

flexos arcus,

Verg. A. 5, 500.— Pass.:

robur et olea incurvantur,

Plin. 16, 42, 81, § 222:

lentos remos,

Cat. 64, 183.—Of persons:

incurvari,

to be bowed down, bent, Sen. ad Polyb. 7, 2; Capitol. Ant. Pii, 13, 1. —In part. pass.:

bacillum inflexum et incurvatum,

crooked, Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33.—

Pregn., in mal. part., = paedicare, Mart. 11, 43, 5.—

Trop., to bend, cast down, disturb: non est magnus animus, quem incurvat injuria, Sen. de Ira, 3, 5 fin.:

aliquem querelā,

to move to commiseration, Pers. 1, 91.

mĕdĭĕtas, ātis, f. [medius], the middle, place in the middle, midst (in Cic. only as transl. of the Gr. mesotês; elsewhere postclass.).

Lit.: vix audeo dicere medietates, quas Graeci mesotêtas appellant, Cic. Univ. 7, 20:

narium,

Lact. 10, 19:

totius loci,

App. M. 2, p. 116, 6:

sic feliciore loco medietatis est positus (sc. homo),

App. Asclep. 6, p. 79:

in mediatate distinctis aquis,

Tert. de Bapt. 3.—

Transf., a half, moiety (syn. dimidium):

decoquere aliquid usque ad medietatem,

Pall. Mart. 10, 10 and 30:

sulcum usque ad medietatem replere,

id. Mai. 3: debiti, Cod. Th. 4, 19, 1.—

Trop., a middle course, medium:

medietatem quandam sequi,

Dig. 5, 4, 3 fin.; Arn. 2, 65:

ejusmodi medietates inter virtutes et vitia intercedere,

App. Dogm. Plat. p. 14, 3.

nĕcesse (arch. nĕcessum, v. infra: NECESVS, S. C. de Bacch. l. 4: necessus, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 119 Wagn. ad loc.; id. Eun. 5, 5, 28; Gell. 16, 8, 1; v. Lachm. ad Lucr. 6, 815), neutr. adj. ( gen. necessis, Lucr. 6, 815 ex conj. Lachm.; cf. Munro ad loc.; elsewhere only nom. and acc. sing., and with esse or habere) [perh. Sanscr. naç, obtain; Gr. root enek-; cf. anankê; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. 424].

Form necesse.

Unavoidable, inevitable, indispensable, necessary (class.; cf.: opus, usus est)

With esse.

With subject.-clause:

edocet quanto detrimento...necesse sit constare victoriam,

Caes. B. G. 7, 19:

necesse est eam, quae... timere permultos,

Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23: emas, non quod opus est, sed quod necesse est, Cato ap. Sen. Ep. 94, 28:

nihil fit, quod necesse non fuerit,

Cic. Fat. 9, 17:

necesse est igitur legem haberi in rebus optimis,

id. Leg. 2, 5, 12; id. Verr 2, 3, 29, § 70. —

With dat. (of the person, emphatic): nihil necesse est mihi de me ipso dicere, Cic. Sen. 9, 30:

de homine enim dicitur, cui necesse est mori,

id. Fat. 9, 17.—

With ut and subj.:

eos necesse est ut petat,

Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:

sed ita necesse fuisse, cum Demosthenes dicturus esset, ut concursus ex totā Graeciā fierent,

Cic. Brut. 84, 289; Sen. Ep. 78, 15:

hoc necesse est, ut, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 2, 29, 129; Sen. Q. N. 2, 14, 2:

neque necesse est, uti vos auferam,

Gell. 2, 29, 9:

necesse est semper, ut id... per se significet,

Quint. 8, 6, 43.—

With subj. alone:

haec autem oratio... aut nulla sit necesse est, aut omnium irrisione ludatur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 50:

istum condemnetis necesse est,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 18, § 45:

vel concidat omne caelum necesse est,

id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54:

si necesse est aliquid ex se magni boni pariat,

Lact. 3, 12, 7.—

With habere (class. only with inf.):

non habebimus necesse semper concludere,

Cic. Part. Or. 13, 47:

eo minus habeo necesse scribere,

id. Att. 10, 1, 4:

Oppio scripsi ne necesse habueris reddere,

id. ib. 16, 2, 5:

non verbum pro verbo necesse habui reddere,

id. Opt. Gen. Or. 5, 14:

non necesse habeo omnia pro meo jure agere,

Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 26; Quint. 11, 1, 74; Vulg. Matt. 14, 16: necesse habere with abl. (= egere;

late Lat.): non necesse habent sani medico,

Vulg. Marc. 2, 17.—In agreement with object of habere:

non habet rex sponsalia necesse,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 18, 25.—

Needful, requisite, indispensable, necessary:

id quod tibi necesse minime fuit, facetus esse voluisti,

Cic. Sull. 7, 22.—

Form necessum (mostly ante-class.).

With subject.-clause:

foras necessum est, quicquid habeo, vendere,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 66: quod sit necessum scire, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.:

nec tamen haec retineri hamata necessumst,

Lucr. 2, 468:

externa corpus de parte necessumst tundier,

id. 4, 933:

necessum est vorsis gladiis depugnarier,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 36:

necessum est paucis respondere,

Liv. 34, 5:

num omne id aurum in ludos consumi necessum esset?

id. 39, 5:

tonsorem capiti non est adhibere necessum,

Mart. 6, 57, 3.—

With dat.:

dicas uxorem tibi necessum esse ducere,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 25.—

With subj.:

unde anima, atque animi constet natura necessum est,

Lucr. 4, 120:

quare etiam nativa necessum est confiteare Haec eadem,

id. 5, 377.

nĕcesse (arch. nĕcessum, v. infra: NECESVS, S. C. de Bacch. l. 4: necessus, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 119 Wagn. ad loc.; id. Eun. 5, 5, 28; Gell. 16, 8, 1; v. Lachm. ad Lucr. 6, 815), neutr. adj. ( gen. necessis, Lucr. 6, 815 ex conj. Lachm.; cf. Munro ad loc.; elsewhere only nom. and acc. sing., and with esse or habere) [perh. Sanscr. naç, obtain; Gr. root enek-; cf. anankê; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. 424].

Form necesse.

Unavoidable, inevitable, indispensable, necessary (class.; cf.: opus, usus est)

With esse.

With subject.-clause:

edocet quanto detrimento...necesse sit constare victoriam,

Caes. B. G. 7, 19:

necesse est eam, quae... timere permultos,

Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23: emas, non quod opus est, sed quod necesse est, Cato ap. Sen. Ep. 94, 28:

nihil fit, quod necesse non fuerit,

Cic. Fat. 9, 17:

necesse est igitur legem haberi in rebus optimis,

id. Leg. 2, 5, 12; id. Verr 2, 3, 29, § 70. —

With dat. (of the person, emphatic): nihil necesse est mihi de me ipso dicere, Cic. Sen. 9, 30:

de homine enim dicitur, cui necesse est mori,

id. Fat. 9, 17.—

With ut and subj.:

eos necesse est ut petat,

Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:

sed ita necesse fuisse, cum Demosthenes dicturus esset, ut concursus ex totā Graeciā fierent,

Cic. Brut. 84, 289; Sen. Ep. 78, 15:

hoc necesse est, ut, etc.,

Cic. de Or. 2, 29, 129; Sen. Q. N. 2, 14, 2:

neque necesse est, uti vos auferam,

Gell. 2, 29, 9:

necesse est semper, ut id... per se significet,

Quint. 8, 6, 43.—

With subj. alone:

haec autem oratio... aut nulla sit necesse est, aut omnium irrisione ludatur,

Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 50:

istum condemnetis necesse est,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 18, § 45:

vel concidat omne caelum necesse est,

id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54:

si necesse est aliquid ex se magni boni pariat,

Lact. 3, 12, 7.—

With habere (class. only with inf.):

non habebimus necesse semper concludere,

Cic. Part. Or. 13, 47:

eo minus habeo necesse scribere,

id. Att. 10, 1, 4:

Oppio scripsi ne necesse habueris reddere,

id. ib. 16, 2, 5:

non verbum pro verbo necesse habui reddere,

id. Opt. Gen. Or. 5, 14:

non necesse habeo omnia pro meo jure agere,

Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 26; Quint. 11, 1, 74; Vulg. Matt. 14, 16: necesse habere with abl. (= egere;

late Lat.): non necesse habent sani medico,

Vulg. Marc. 2, 17.—In agreement with object of habere:

non habet rex sponsalia necesse,

Vulg. 1 Reg. 18, 25.—

Needful, requisite, indispensable, necessary:

id quod tibi necesse minime fuit, facetus esse voluisti,

Cic. Sull. 7, 22.—

Form necessum (mostly ante-class.).

With subject.-clause:

foras necessum est, quicquid habeo, vendere,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 66: quod sit necessum scire, Afran. ap. Charis. p. 186 P.:

nec tamen haec retineri hamata necessumst,

Lucr. 2, 468:

externa corpus de parte necessumst tundier,

id. 4, 933:

necessum est vorsis gladiis depugnarier,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 36:

necessum est paucis respondere,

Liv. 34, 5:

num omne id aurum in ludos consumi necessum esset?

id. 39, 5:

tonsorem capiti non est adhibere necessum,

Mart. 6, 57, 3.—

With dat.:

dicas uxorem tibi necessum esse ducere,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 25.—

With subj.:

unde anima, atque animi constet natura necessum est,

Lucr. 4, 120:

quare etiam nativa necessum est confiteare Haec eadem,

id. 5, 377.

Ŏlympĭa (anciently Ŏlimpus and Ŏlumpus), ae, f., = Olumpia, a sacred region in Elis Pisatis, with an olive wood, where the Olympian games were held; there, too, were the famous temple and statue of Juppiter Olympius:

cum Olympiam venisset, maximā illā quinquennali celebritate ludorum,

Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 127; id. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

cum uno die duo suos filios victores Olympiae vidisset,

id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111; 2, 20, 46; Auct. Her. 4, 3, 4; Liv. 26, 24, 14.—Hence,

Ŏlympĭăcus, a, um, adj., = Olumpiakos, Olympic:

cursus,

Auct. Her. 4, 3, 4:

palma,

Verg. G. 3, 49:

corona,

Suet. Ner. 25:

rami, i. e. oleaster,

Stat. Th. 6, 554:

palaestra,

Luc. 4, 614.—

Ŏlympĭānus, a, um, adj., Olympic (post-class.), Marc. Emp. 35.—

Ŏlympĭcus, a, um ( gen. plur. Olympicūm for Olympicarum, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 23), adj., = Olumpikos, Olympic ( poet. and in post-class. prose):

pulvis,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 3:

certamen,

Just. 12, 16, 6; 13, 5, 3.—

Ŏlympĭus, a, um, adj., = Olumpios, Olympic (class.):

certamina,

the Olympic games, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 59:

ludi,

id. Stich. 2, 1, 34:

delubrum Olympii Jovis,

Mel. 2, 3, 4; Vulg. 2 Macc. 6, 2; Plin. 4, 5, 6, § 14. There was also a temple of Juppiter Olympius in Athens, Suet. Aug. 60;

and in Syracuse,

Liv. 24, 21:

equa,

that had run in the Olympic races, Plin. 28, 11, 49, § 181.—

Subst.

Ŏlympĭus, ĭi, m., an appellation bestowed on distinguished men by the Greeks and Romans; of Pericles, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 74; Val. Max. 5, 10, 1 ext.; on coins, also of the Roman emperors, Hadrian and Commodus, Eckhel. D. N. t. 6, p. 518.—

Ŏlympĭum, ĭi, n., the temple of the Olympic Jupiter, Liv. 24, 33, 3.—

Ŏlympia, ōrum, n., Gr. ta Olumpia (sc. hiera), the Olympic games held every four years at Olympia: sic ut fortis equus, spatio qui saepe supremo Vicit Olympia, in the Olympic games (Gr. Olumpia nikan), Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 5, 14 (Ann. v. 442 Vahl.):

ad Olympia proficisci,

Cic. Div. 2, 70, 144: magna coronari Olympia (Gr. Olumpia ta megala;

opp. to the games held elsewhere),

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 50:

Olympiorum solenne ludicrum,

Liv. 28, 7:

Olympiorum victoria,

the victory in the Olympic games, Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 41.—

Ŏlympĭas, ădis, f., = Olumpias, an Olympiad, the period of four years that elapsed between the Olympic games, and which the Greeks usually employed in the computation of time: centum et octo annis, postquam Lycurgus leges scribere instituit, prima posita est Olympias, Cic. Rep. 2, 10, 18:

si Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septumae,

id. ib. 2, 10, 18;

2, 15, 28: ante primam Olympiadem condita,

id. ib. 2, 23, 42:

sextā Olympiade,

Vell. 1, 8, 1.—In the poets sometimes for lustrum, i. e. a period of five years:

quinquennis Olympias,

Ov. P. 4, 6, 5:

ter senas vidit Olympiadas,

Mart. 7, 40, 6.—

Ŏlympĭēum, i, n., = Olumpieion, a temple of the Olympic Jupiter, Vell. 1, 10, 1.

Ŏlympĭa (anciently Ŏlimpus and Ŏlumpus), ae, f., = Olumpia, a sacred region in Elis Pisatis, with an olive wood, where the Olympian games were held; there, too, were the famous temple and statue of Juppiter Olympius:

cum Olympiam venisset, maximā illā quinquennali celebritate ludorum,

Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 127; id. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

cum uno die duo suos filios victores Olympiae vidisset,

id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111; 2, 20, 46; Auct. Her. 4, 3, 4; Liv. 26, 24, 14.—Hence,

Ŏlympĭăcus, a, um, adj., = Olumpiakos, Olympic:

cursus,

Auct. Her. 4, 3, 4:

palma,

Verg. G. 3, 49:

corona,

Suet. Ner. 25:

rami, i. e. oleaster,

Stat. Th. 6, 554:

palaestra,

Luc. 4, 614.—

Ŏlympĭānus, a, um, adj., Olympic (post-class.), Marc. Emp. 35.—

Ŏlympĭcus, a, um ( gen. plur. Olympicūm for Olympicarum, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 23), adj., = Olumpikos, Olympic ( poet. and in post-class. prose):

pulvis,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 3:

certamen,

Just. 12, 16, 6; 13, 5, 3.—

Ŏlympĭus, a, um, adj., = Olumpios, Olympic (class.):

certamina,

the Olympic games, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 59:

ludi,

id. Stich. 2, 1, 34:

delubrum Olympii Jovis,

Mel. 2, 3, 4; Vulg. 2 Macc. 6, 2; Plin. 4, 5, 6, § 14. There was also a temple of Juppiter Olympius in Athens, Suet. Aug. 60;

and in Syracuse,

Liv. 24, 21:

equa,

that had run in the Olympic races, Plin. 28, 11, 49, § 181.—

Subst.

Ŏlympĭus, ĭi, m., an appellation bestowed on distinguished men by the Greeks and Romans; of Pericles, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 74; Val. Max. 5, 10, 1 ext.; on coins, also of the Roman emperors, Hadrian and Commodus, Eckhel. D. N. t. 6, p. 518.—

Ŏlympĭum, ĭi, n., the temple of the Olympic Jupiter, Liv. 24, 33, 3.—

Ŏlympia, ōrum, n., Gr. ta Olumpia (sc. hiera), the Olympic games held every four years at Olympia: sic ut fortis equus, spatio qui saepe supremo Vicit Olympia, in the Olympic games (Gr. Olumpia nikan), Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 5, 14 (Ann. v. 442 Vahl.):

ad Olympia proficisci,

Cic. Div. 2, 70, 144: magna coronari Olympia (Gr. Olumpia ta megala;

opp. to the games held elsewhere),

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 50:

Olympiorum solenne ludicrum,

Liv. 28, 7:

Olympiorum victoria,

the victory in the Olympic games, Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 41.—

Ŏlympĭas, ădis, f., = Olumpias, an Olympiad, the period of four years that elapsed between the Olympic games, and which the Greeks usually employed in the computation of time: centum et octo annis, postquam Lycurgus leges scribere instituit, prima posita est Olympias, Cic. Rep. 2, 10, 18:

si Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septumae,

id. ib. 2, 10, 18;

2, 15, 28: ante primam Olympiadem condita,

id. ib. 2, 23, 42:

sextā Olympiade,

Vell. 1, 8, 1.—In the poets sometimes for lustrum, i. e. a period of five years:

quinquennis Olympias,

Ov. P. 4, 6, 5:

ter senas vidit Olympiadas,

Mart. 7, 40, 6.—

Ŏlympĭēum, i, n., = Olumpieion, a temple of the Olympic Jupiter, Vell. 1, 10, 1.

Ŏlympĭa (anciently Ŏlimpus and Ŏlumpus), ae, f., = Olumpia, a sacred region in Elis Pisatis, with an olive wood, where the Olympian games were held; there, too, were the famous temple and statue of Juppiter Olympius:

cum Olympiam venisset, maximā illā quinquennali celebritate ludorum,

Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 127; id. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

cum uno die duo suos filios victores Olympiae vidisset,

id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111; 2, 20, 46; Auct. Her. 4, 3, 4; Liv. 26, 24, 14.—Hence,

Ŏlympĭăcus, a, um, adj., = Olumpiakos, Olympic:

cursus,

Auct. Her. 4, 3, 4:

palma,

Verg. G. 3, 49:

corona,

Suet. Ner. 25:

rami, i. e. oleaster,

Stat. Th. 6, 554:

palaestra,

Luc. 4, 614.—

Ŏlympĭānus, a, um, adj., Olympic (post-class.), Marc. Emp. 35.—

Ŏlympĭcus, a, um ( gen. plur. Olympicūm for Olympicarum, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 23), adj., = Olumpikos, Olympic ( poet. and in post-class. prose):

pulvis,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 3:

certamen,

Just. 12, 16, 6; 13, 5, 3.—

Ŏlympĭus, a, um, adj., = Olumpios, Olympic (class.):

certamina,

the Olympic games, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 59:

ludi,

id. Stich. 2, 1, 34:

delubrum Olympii Jovis,

Mel. 2, 3, 4; Vulg. 2 Macc. 6, 2; Plin. 4, 5, 6, § 14. There was also a temple of Juppiter Olympius in Athens, Suet. Aug. 60;

and in Syracuse,

Liv. 24, 21:

equa,

that had run in the Olympic races, Plin. 28, 11, 49, § 181.—

Subst.

Ŏlympĭus, ĭi, m., an appellation bestowed on distinguished men by the Greeks and Romans; of Pericles, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 74; Val. Max. 5, 10, 1 ext.; on coins, also of the Roman emperors, Hadrian and Commodus, Eckhel. D. N. t. 6, p. 518.—

Ŏlympĭum, ĭi, n., the temple of the Olympic Jupiter, Liv. 24, 33, 3.—

Ŏlympia, ōrum, n., Gr. ta Olumpia (sc. hiera), the Olympic games held every four years at Olympia: sic ut fortis equus, spatio qui saepe supremo Vicit Olympia, in the Olympic games (Gr. Olumpia nikan), Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 5, 14 (Ann. v. 442 Vahl.):

ad Olympia proficisci,

Cic. Div. 2, 70, 144: magna coronari Olympia (Gr. Olumpia ta megala;

opp. to the games held elsewhere),

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 50:

Olympiorum solenne ludicrum,

Liv. 28, 7:

Olympiorum victoria,

the victory in the Olympic games, Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 41.—

Ŏlympĭas, ădis, f., = Olumpias, an Olympiad, the period of four years that elapsed between the Olympic games, and which the Greeks usually employed in the computation of time: centum et octo annis, postquam Lycurgus leges scribere instituit, prima posita est Olympias, Cic. Rep. 2, 10, 18:

si Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septumae,

id. ib. 2, 10, 18;

2, 15, 28: ante primam Olympiadem condita,

id. ib. 2, 23, 42:

sextā Olympiade,

Vell. 1, 8, 1.—In the poets sometimes for lustrum, i. e. a period of five years:

quinquennis Olympias,

Ov. P. 4, 6, 5:

ter senas vidit Olympiadas,

Mart. 7, 40, 6.—

Ŏlympĭēum, i, n., = Olumpieion, a temple of the Olympic Jupiter, Vell. 1, 10, 1.

Ŏlympĭa (anciently Ŏlimpus and Ŏlumpus), ae, f., = Olumpia, a sacred region in Elis Pisatis, with an olive wood, where the Olympian games were held; there, too, were the famous temple and statue of Juppiter Olympius:

cum Olympiam venisset, maximā illā quinquennali celebritate ludorum,

Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 127; id. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

cum uno die duo suos filios victores Olympiae vidisset,

id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111; 2, 20, 46; Auct. Her. 4, 3, 4; Liv. 26, 24, 14.—Hence,

Ŏlympĭăcus, a, um, adj., = Olumpiakos, Olympic:

cursus,

Auct. Her. 4, 3, 4:

palma,

Verg. G. 3, 49:

corona,

Suet. Ner. 25:

rami, i. e. oleaster,

Stat. Th. 6, 554:

palaestra,

Luc. 4, 614.—

Ŏlympĭānus, a, um, adj., Olympic (post-class.), Marc. Emp. 35.—

Ŏlympĭcus, a, um ( gen. plur. Olympicūm for Olympicarum, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 23), adj., = Olumpikos, Olympic ( poet. and in post-class. prose):

pulvis,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 3:

certamen,

Just. 12, 16, 6; 13, 5, 3.—

Ŏlympĭus, a, um, adj., = Olumpios, Olympic (class.):

certamina,

the Olympic games, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 59:

ludi,

id. Stich. 2, 1, 34:

delubrum Olympii Jovis,

Mel. 2, 3, 4; Vulg. 2 Macc. 6, 2; Plin. 4, 5, 6, § 14. There was also a temple of Juppiter Olympius in Athens, Suet. Aug. 60;

and in Syracuse,

Liv. 24, 21:

equa,

that had run in the Olympic races, Plin. 28, 11, 49, § 181.—

Subst.

Ŏlympĭus, ĭi, m., an appellation bestowed on distinguished men by the Greeks and Romans; of Pericles, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 74; Val. Max. 5, 10, 1 ext.; on coins, also of the Roman emperors, Hadrian and Commodus, Eckhel. D. N. t. 6, p. 518.—

Ŏlympĭum, ĭi, n., the temple of the Olympic Jupiter, Liv. 24, 33, 3.—

Ŏlympia, ōrum, n., Gr. ta Olumpia (sc. hiera), the Olympic games held every four years at Olympia: sic ut fortis equus, spatio qui saepe supremo Vicit Olympia, in the Olympic games (Gr. Olumpia nikan), Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 5, 14 (Ann. v. 442 Vahl.):

ad Olympia proficisci,

Cic. Div. 2, 70, 144: magna coronari Olympia (Gr. Olumpia ta megala;

opp. to the games held elsewhere),

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 50:

Olympiorum solenne ludicrum,

Liv. 28, 7:

Olympiorum victoria,

the victory in the Olympic games, Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 41.—

Ŏlympĭas, ădis, f., = Olumpias, an Olympiad, the period of four years that elapsed between the Olympic games, and which the Greeks usually employed in the computation of time: centum et octo annis, postquam Lycurgus leges scribere instituit, prima posita est Olympias, Cic. Rep. 2, 10, 18:

si Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septumae,

id. ib. 2, 10, 18;

2, 15, 28: ante primam Olympiadem condita,

id. ib. 2, 23, 42:

sextā Olympiade,

Vell. 1, 8, 1.—In the poets sometimes for lustrum, i. e. a period of five years:

quinquennis Olympias,

Ov. P. 4, 6, 5:

ter senas vidit Olympiadas,

Mart. 7, 40, 6.—

Ŏlympĭēum, i, n., = Olumpieion, a temple of the Olympic Jupiter, Vell. 1, 10, 1.

Ŏlympĭa (anciently Ŏlimpus and Ŏlumpus), ae, f., = Olumpia, a sacred region in Elis Pisatis, with an olive wood, where the Olympian games were held; there, too, were the famous temple and statue of Juppiter Olympius:

cum Olympiam venisset, maximā illā quinquennali celebritate ludorum,

Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 127; id. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

cum uno die duo suos filios victores Olympiae vidisset,

id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111; 2, 20, 46; Auct. Her. 4, 3, 4; Liv. 26, 24, 14.—Hence,

Ŏlympĭăcus, a, um, adj., = Olumpiakos, Olympic:

cursus,

Auct. Her. 4, 3, 4:

palma,

Verg. G. 3, 49:

corona,

Suet. Ner. 25:

rami, i. e. oleaster,

Stat. Th. 6, 554:

palaestra,

Luc. 4, 614.—

Ŏlympĭānus, a, um, adj., Olympic (post-class.), Marc. Emp. 35.—

Ŏlympĭcus, a, um ( gen. plur. Olympicūm for Olympicarum, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 23), adj., = Olumpikos, Olympic ( poet. and in post-class. prose):

pulvis,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 3:

certamen,

Just. 12, 16, 6; 13, 5, 3.—

Ŏlympĭus, a, um, adj., = Olumpios, Olympic (class.):

certamina,

the Olympic games, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 59:

ludi,

id. Stich. 2, 1, 34:

delubrum Olympii Jovis,

Mel. 2, 3, 4; Vulg. 2 Macc. 6, 2; Plin. 4, 5, 6, § 14. There was also a temple of Juppiter Olympius in Athens, Suet. Aug. 60;

and in Syracuse,

Liv. 24, 21:

equa,

that had run in the Olympic races, Plin. 28, 11, 49, § 181.—

Subst.

Ŏlympĭus, ĭi, m., an appellation bestowed on distinguished men by the Greeks and Romans; of Pericles, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 74; Val. Max. 5, 10, 1 ext.; on coins, also of the Roman emperors, Hadrian and Commodus, Eckhel. D. N. t. 6, p. 518.—

Ŏlympĭum, ĭi, n., the temple of the Olympic Jupiter, Liv. 24, 33, 3.—

Ŏlympia, ōrum, n., Gr. ta Olumpia (sc. hiera), the Olympic games held every four years at Olympia: sic ut fortis equus, spatio qui saepe supremo Vicit Olympia, in the Olympic games (Gr. Olumpia nikan), Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 5, 14 (Ann. v. 442 Vahl.):

ad Olympia proficisci,

Cic. Div. 2, 70, 144: magna coronari Olympia (Gr. Olumpia ta megala;

opp. to the games held elsewhere),

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 50:

Olympiorum solenne ludicrum,

Liv. 28, 7:

Olympiorum victoria,

the victory in the Olympic games, Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 41.—

Ŏlympĭas, ădis, f., = Olumpias, an Olympiad, the period of four years that elapsed between the Olympic games, and which the Greeks usually employed in the computation of time: centum et octo annis, postquam Lycurgus leges scribere instituit, prima posita est Olympias, Cic. Rep. 2, 10, 18:

si Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septumae,

id. ib. 2, 10, 18;

2, 15, 28: ante primam Olympiadem condita,

id. ib. 2, 23, 42:

sextā Olympiade,

Vell. 1, 8, 1.—In the poets sometimes for lustrum, i. e. a period of five years:

quinquennis Olympias,

Ov. P. 4, 6, 5:

ter senas vidit Olympiadas,

Mart. 7, 40, 6.—

Ŏlympĭēum, i, n., = Olumpieion, a temple of the Olympic Jupiter, Vell. 1, 10, 1.

Ŏlympĭa (anciently Ŏlimpus and Ŏlumpus), ae, f., = Olumpia, a sacred region in Elis Pisatis, with an olive wood, where the Olympian games were held; there, too, were the famous temple and statue of Juppiter Olympius:

cum Olympiam venisset, maximā illā quinquennali celebritate ludorum,

Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 127; id. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

cum uno die duo suos filios victores Olympiae vidisset,

id. Tusc. 1, 46, 111; 2, 20, 46; Auct. Her. 4, 3, 4; Liv. 26, 24, 14.—Hence,

Ŏlympĭăcus, a, um, adj., = Olumpiakos, Olympic:

cursus,

Auct. Her. 4, 3, 4:

palma,

Verg. G. 3, 49:

corona,

Suet. Ner. 25:

rami, i. e. oleaster,

Stat. Th. 6, 554:

palaestra,

Luc. 4, 614.—

Ŏlympĭānus, a, um, adj., Olympic (post-class.), Marc. Emp. 35.—

Ŏlympĭcus, a, um ( gen. plur. Olympicūm for Olympicarum, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 23), adj., = Olumpikos, Olympic ( poet. and in post-class. prose):

pulvis,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 3:

certamen,

Just. 12, 16, 6; 13, 5, 3.—

Ŏlympĭus, a, um, adj., = Olumpios, Olympic (class.):

certamina,

the Olympic games, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 59:

ludi,

id. Stich. 2, 1, 34:

delubrum Olympii Jovis,

Mel. 2, 3, 4; Vulg. 2 Macc. 6, 2; Plin. 4, 5, 6, § 14. There was also a temple of Juppiter Olympius in Athens, Suet. Aug. 60;

and in Syracuse,

Liv. 24, 21:

equa,

that had run in the Olympic races, Plin. 28, 11, 49, § 181.—

Subst.

Ŏlympĭus, ĭi, m., an appellation bestowed on distinguished men by the Greeks and Romans; of Pericles, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 74; Val. Max. 5, 10, 1 ext.; on coins, also of the Roman emperors, Hadrian and Commodus, Eckhel. D. N. t. 6, p. 518.—

Ŏlympĭum, ĭi, n., the temple of the Olympic Jupiter, Liv. 24, 33, 3.—

Ŏlympia, ōrum, n., Gr. ta Olumpia (sc. hiera), the Olympic games held every four years at Olympia: sic ut fortis equus, spatio qui saepe supremo Vicit Olympia, in the Olympic games (Gr. Olumpia nikan), Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 5, 14 (Ann. v. 442 Vahl.):

ad Olympia proficisci,

Cic. Div. 2, 70, 144: magna coronari Olympia (Gr. Olumpia ta megala;

opp. to the games held elsewhere),

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 50:

Olympiorum solenne ludicrum,

Liv. 28, 7:

Olympiorum victoria,

the victory in the Olympic games, Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 41.—

Ŏlympĭas, ădis, f., = Olumpias, an Olympiad, the period of four years that elapsed between the Olympic games, and which the Greeks usually employed in the computation of time: centum et octo annis, postquam Lycurgus leges scribere instituit, prima posita est Olympias, Cic. Rep. 2, 10, 18:

si Roma condita est secundo anno Olympiadis septumae,

id. ib. 2, 10, 18;

2, 15, 28: ante primam Olympiadem condita,

id. ib. 2, 23, 42:

sextā Olympiade,

Vell. 1, 8, 1.—In the poets sometimes for lustrum, i. e. a period of five years:

quinquennis Olympias,

Ov. P. 4, 6, 5:

ter senas vidit Olympiadas,

Mart. 7, 40, 6.—

Ŏlympĭēum, i, n., = Olumpieion, a temple of the Olympic Jupiter, Vell. 1, 10, 1.

prŏpĭor, ĭus, gen. ōris, adj. comp., and proxĭmus, a, um, adj. sup. (v. below, II.) [from the obsol. propis; whence prope].

Comp., nearer, nigher.

Lit., of place:

portus propior,

Verg. A. 3, 530:

tumulus,

Liv. 22, 24:

ut propior patriae sit fuga nostra,

Ov. P. 1, 2, 130:

domus,

Sall. H. 2, 40 Dietsch:

cum propior caliginis aër Ater init oculos,

Lucr. 4, 338 (314).—With acc.:

propior montem suos collocat,

Sall. J. 49, 1:

propior hostem,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 9.—With ab:

quisquis ab igne propior stetit,

Sen. Ep. 74, 4.—With inf.:

propior timeri,

Stat. Th. 12, 223.— Neutr. plur, subst.: prŏpĭōra, um, places lying near:

propiora fluminis,

Tac. H. 5, 16:

tenere,

Verg. A. 5, 168.—

Trop.

Of time, nearer, later, more recent:

veniunt inde ad propiora,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 116:

venio ad propiorem (epistulam),

id. Att. 15, 3, 2:

propior puero quam juveni,

Vell. 2, 53, 1:

septimus octavo jam propior annus,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 40; id. C. 3, 15, 4:

mors,

Tib. 2, 3, 42:

propiore aut longiore tempore aliquid facere,

Dig. 23, 4, 17.—

Of relationship, nearer, more nearly related; with dat.:

quibus propior P. Quintio nemo est,

Cic. Quint. 31, 97:

ille gradu propior sanguinis,

Ov. H. 3, 28; 16, 326; 20, 158:

amicus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5.—

Of resemblance, more nearly resembling, more like (class.); with dat.:

quae sceleri propiora sunt, quam religioni,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112:

tauro,

Verg. G. 3, 57:

vero est propius,

more probable, Liv. 4, 37; Ov. F. 4, 801; Tac. A. 13, 34; id. G. 45:

scribere Sermoni propiora,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 42.—With acc. (not in Cic.):

propius est fidem,

is more credible, Liv. 4, 17:

quod tamen vitium propius virtutem erat,

Sall. C. 11, 1.—

Of relation or connection, nearer, more nearly related, affecting or concerning more nearly, of greater import, closer, more intimate:

hunc priorem aequom'st me habere: tunica propior pallio est, proverbially,

my shirt is nearer than my coat, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 30:

propior societas eorum, qui ejusdem civitatis,

Cic. Off. 3, 17, 69:

sua sibi propiora pericula esse, quam mea,

id. Sest. 18, 40:

alium portum propiorem huic aetati videbamus,

id. Att. 14, 19, 1:

damnum propius medullis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 28:

cura propior luctusque domesticus,

Ov. M. 13, 578; id. P. 4, 9, 71:

supplemento vel Latium propius esse,

Liv. 8, 11:

irae quam timori propiorem cernens,

more inclined to anger than to fear, Tac. A. 16, 9: oderat Aenean propior Saturnia Turno, more inclined or attached to, Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 7.—Hence, adv.: prŏpĭus, more nearly, nearer, closer (class.).

Lit.

Absol.:

propius accedamus,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 11; Ov. M. 2, 41:

res adspicere,

Verg. A. 1, 526:

propius spectare aliquid,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 67;

stare,

id. A. P. 361.—

With dat., nearer to: propius grammatico accessi, Cic. ap. Diom. p. 405 P. (not elsewhere in Cic.):

propius Tiberi quam Thermopylis,

Nep. Hann. 8, 3:

propius stabulis armenta tenerent,

Verg. G. 1, 355.—

With acc.:

ne propius se castra moveret,

Caes. B. G. 4, 9:

pars insulae, quae est propius solis occasum,

id. ib. 4, 28: propius aliquem accedere, id. ib. 5, 36:

propius urbem,

Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 26:

mare,

Sall. J. 18, 9.—

With ab:

propius a terris,

Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 87:

antiquitas quo propius aberat ab ortu et divinā progenie, hoc melius ea cernebat,

id. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

ab Urbe,

Plin. 17, 25, 38, § 243.—

Trop.:

ut propius ad ea accedam, quae a te dicta sunt,

Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 24; Sen. Ira, 3, 42, 4; Cic. Part. 36, 124:

propius accedo: nego esse illa testimonia,

id. Fl. 10, 23:

a contumeliā quam a laude propius fuerit post Vitellium eligi,

Tac. H. 2, 76:

nec quicquam propius est factum, quam ut illum persequeretur,

he was within an ace of following him, Cic. Clu. 21, 59; so,

propius nihil est factum, quam ut occideretur,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 15.

Sup.: proxĭmus (PROXVMVS and PROXSVMEIS, Tab. Bant.; late comp. proximior, Sen. Ep. 108, 16; Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.; v. below, B. 2. and 3.; cf. in adv. 2. c.), a, um, adj., the nearest, next (class.).

Lit., of place:

proxima oppida,

Caes. B. G. 3, 12:

via,

Lucr. 5, 103; cf.:

via ad gloriam proxima et quasi compendiaria,

Cic. Off. 2, 12, 43:

ad proximum mare, dein Romam pergerent,

Sall. J. 23, 2:

in proximos collis discedunt,

id. ib. 54, 10:

proximum iter in Galliam,

Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

paries cum proximus ardet,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 84:

agri termini,

id. C. 2, 18, 23:

proximus vicinus,

one's nearest neighbor, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 138; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 49; Cic. Att. 2, 14, 2; Dig. 50, 15, 4.—With dat.:

Belgae proximi sunt Germanis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1: huic proximum inferiorem orbem tenet puroeis, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53:

proxima Campano ponti villula,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 45.—With acc. (not in Cic.):

qui te proximus est,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 1:

ager proximus finem Megalopolitarum,

Liv. 35, 27:

Crassus proximus mare Oceanum hiemarat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 7, 2:

qui proximi forte tribunal steterant,

Liv. 8, 32, 12.—With ab, nearest to, next to:

dactylus proximus a postremo,

next before, Cic. Or. 64, 217:

ut quisque proximus ab oppresso sit,

Liv. 37, 25:

proximus a dominā,

Ov. A. A. 1, 139:

proxima regio ab eā (urbe),

Curt. 10, 5, 18. —Hence, as subst.,

proxĭmus, i, m., a neighbor, a fellow-man, Val. Max. 6, 9 init.; Quint. Decl. 259.—As subst.,

proxĭmum, i, n., the neighborhood, vicinity:

vicinus e proximo,

hard by, Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 11:

aquam hinc de proximo rogabo,

from the house next door, id. Rud. 2, 3, 73:

cum in proximo hic sit aegra,

close by, next door, Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 6:

huic locum in proximum conduxi,

Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 4:

per impluvium huc despexi in proximum,

into our neighbor's, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 16.— Plur.:

traicit in proxima continentis,

Liv. 31, 46, 12.—

Trop.

Of time, the next preceding or following, the previous, last, the next, the following, ensuing:

quid proximā, quid superiore nocte egeris,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

his proximis Nonis, cum in hortos Bruti venissemus,

id. Lael. 2, 7:

Gabinius quem proximis superioribus diebus acerrime oppugnasset,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 20: se proximā nocte castra moturum, on the next, i.e. the following night, Caes. B. G. 1, 40 fin.; 2, 12; 3, 18; Liv. 2, 7, 1:

proximo anno,

Sall. J. 35, 2; Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 208:

in proxumum annum (se) transtulit,

Cic. Mil. 9, 24:

proximo, altero, tertio, denique reliquis consecutis diebus,

id. Phil. 1, 13, 32:

bello tanto majore quam proximo conatu apparatum est,

Liv. 4, 23, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.: IN DIEBVS V. PROXSVMEIS QVIBVS QVISQVE EORVM MAG (istratum) INIERIT, Tab. Bantin. lin. 14; so ib. lin. 12; Cic. Fam. 10, 26, 2; id. Att. 11, 11, 1:

censor qui proximus ante me fuerat,

id. Sen. 12, 42: die proximi, old abl. form for proximo, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 24, 10, and ap. Non. 153, 11; cf.:

crastinus, pristinus, etc., but proximo a. d. VI. Kal. Octobr.,

recently, last of all, Cic. Att. 18, 5.—

In order of succession, rank, estimation, worth, etc., the next:

summa necessitudo videtur esse honestatis: huic proxima incolumitatis: tertia ac levissima commoditatis,

Cic. Inv. 2, 58, 173:

observat L. Domitium maxime, me habet proximum,

id. Att. 1, 1, 3:

proximos dentes eiciunt,

Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2:

prima vulnera... Proxima,

Ov. M. 3, 233:

proximos illi tamen occupavit Pallas honores,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 19: proximum est, ut, it follows that, remains that, the next point is: proximum est ergo, ut, opus fuerit classe necne quaeramus, we must next inquire, Cic. Fl. 12, 27:

proximum est, ut doceam, deorum providentiā mundum administrari,

id. N. D. 2, 29, 73.—Of value or quality, the next, most nearly approaching, most like or similar:

id habendum est antiquissimum et deo proximum, quod est optimum,

Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

ficta voluptatis causā sint proxima veris,

Hor. A. P. 338:

proxima Phoebi Versibus ille facit,

Verg. E. 7, 22.— Comp.:

ut quorum abstinentiam interrupi, modum servem et quidem abstinentiae proximiorem,

Sen. Ep. 108, 16.—

In relationship, connection, or resemblance, the nearest, next, most nearly or closely related, next of kin, most like:

AGNATVS PROXIMVS, Fragm. XII. Tabularum: hic illi genere est proximus,

Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 17:

proximus cognatione,

Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 144:

id des proximum,

id. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

proxima virtutibus vitia,

Quint. 10, 2, 16:

propinquitate,

Nep. Ages. 1, 3:

proximae necessitudines,

Petr. 116.— Comp.: si quis proximior cognatus nasceretur, Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.— Subst.: proxĭmi, ōrum, m., one's nearest relatives, next of kin:

injuriosi sunt in proximos,

Cic. Off. 1, 14, 44; Caes. Fragm. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 6; Phaedr. 5, 1, 16:

cum haec omnia cumulate tuis proximis plana fecero,

i.e. to your friends, intimates, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 64, § 165; id. Pis. 32, 79; Gell. 3, 8, 3.—

In gen., one's neighbor, fellow-man:

sive nostros status, sive proximorum ingenia contemplamur,

Val. Max. 6, 9, 1; Quint. Decl. 2, 59:

quis est mihi proximus?

Aug. in Psa. 118; Serm. 8, 2; 90, 7 init. —

That is nearest at hand, i. e. apt, fit, suitable, convenient, easy (anteand post-class.):

argumentum,

App. Mag. p. 278:

cum obvium proximumque esset dicere, etc.,

Gell. 3, 14, 12: eamus ad me;

ibi proximum est, ubi mutes,

there is the fittest, most convenient place, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64.— Adv.: proxĭmē (proxume; comp. proximius, v. below, 2. c.), nearest, very near, next.

Lit., of place, with dat. (not in Cic., rare in Livy):

quam proxime potest hostium castris castra communit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 72 fin.; Liv. 25, 14, 4.—With acc.:

exercitum habere quam proxime hostem,

Cic. Att. 6, 5, 3:

proxime Pompeium sedebam,

id. ib. 1, 14, 3:

proxime Hispaniam Mauri sunt,

Sall. J. 19, 4.—With ab:

a Surā proxime est Philiscum oppidum Parthorum,

Plin. 5, 26, 21, § 89:

omnes tamen quam proxime alter ab altero debent habitare,

Col. 1, 6, 8.—

Trop.

Of time, shortly before or after, last, next:

civitates quae proxime bellum fecerant,

Caes. B. G. 3, 29:

Tito fratre suo censore, qui proximus ante me fuerat,

Cic. Sen. 12, 42; id. Part. 39, 137; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 3:

cum proxime judices contrahentur,

id. ib. 5, 7, 3.—With acc.:

proxime abstinentiam sumendus est cibus exiguus,

Cels. 3, 2:

proxime solis occasum,

Pall. 9, 8, 5.—

Of order, rank, estimation, condition, etc., next to, next after, next:

proxime et secundum deos homines hominibus maxime utiles esse possunt,

Cic. Off. 2, 3, 1:

me huic tuae virtuti proxime accedere,

id. Fam. 11, 21, 4:

proxime a nobilissimis viris,

Vell. 2, 124, 4; id. 2, 127, 1:

proxime valent cetera lauri genera,

Plin. 23, 8, 80, § 158: utilissimum esse omphacium;

proxime viride,

id. 23, 4, 39, § 79.—With acc.: esse etiam debent proxime hos cari, qui, etc., Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13, 2:

proxime morem Romanum,

closely following the Roman method, Liv. 24, 48, 11:

erat res minime certamini navali similis, proxime speciem muros oppugnantium navium,

closely resembling, id. 30, 10.—In this sense also with atque:

proxime atque ille aut aeque,

nearly the same as he, Cic. Fam. 9, 13, 2.—

Very closely, nicely, accurately:

ut proxime utriusque differentiam signem,

Quint. 6, 2, 20 Spald.; cf.:

analogia, quam proxime ex Graeco transferentes in Latinum proportionem vocaverunt,

id. 1, 6, 3. — Comp.:

nonne apertius, proximius, verius?

Min. Fel. Oct. 19.

prŏpĭor, ĭus, gen. ōris, adj. comp., and proxĭmus, a, um, adj. sup. (v. below, II.) [from the obsol. propis; whence prope].

Comp., nearer, nigher.

Lit., of place:

portus propior,

Verg. A. 3, 530:

tumulus,

Liv. 22, 24:

ut propior patriae sit fuga nostra,

Ov. P. 1, 2, 130:

domus,

Sall. H. 2, 40 Dietsch:

cum propior caliginis aër Ater init oculos,

Lucr. 4, 338 (314).—With acc.:

propior montem suos collocat,

Sall. J. 49, 1:

propior hostem,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 9.—With ab:

quisquis ab igne propior stetit,

Sen. Ep. 74, 4.—With inf.:

propior timeri,

Stat. Th. 12, 223.— Neutr. plur, subst.: prŏpĭōra, um, places lying near:

propiora fluminis,

Tac. H. 5, 16:

tenere,

Verg. A. 5, 168.—

Trop.

Of time, nearer, later, more recent:

veniunt inde ad propiora,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 116:

venio ad propiorem (epistulam),

id. Att. 15, 3, 2:

propior puero quam juveni,

Vell. 2, 53, 1:

septimus octavo jam propior annus,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 40; id. C. 3, 15, 4:

mors,

Tib. 2, 3, 42:

propiore aut longiore tempore aliquid facere,

Dig. 23, 4, 17.—

Of relationship, nearer, more nearly related; with dat.:

quibus propior P. Quintio nemo est,

Cic. Quint. 31, 97:

ille gradu propior sanguinis,

Ov. H. 3, 28; 16, 326; 20, 158:

amicus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5.—

Of resemblance, more nearly resembling, more like (class.); with dat.:

quae sceleri propiora sunt, quam religioni,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112:

tauro,

Verg. G. 3, 57:

vero est propius,

more probable, Liv. 4, 37; Ov. F. 4, 801; Tac. A. 13, 34; id. G. 45:

scribere Sermoni propiora,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 42.—With acc. (not in Cic.):

propius est fidem,

is more credible, Liv. 4, 17:

quod tamen vitium propius virtutem erat,

Sall. C. 11, 1.—

Of relation or connection, nearer, more nearly related, affecting or concerning more nearly, of greater import, closer, more intimate:

hunc priorem aequom'st me habere: tunica propior pallio est, proverbially,

my shirt is nearer than my coat, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 30:

propior societas eorum, qui ejusdem civitatis,

Cic. Off. 3, 17, 69:

sua sibi propiora pericula esse, quam mea,

id. Sest. 18, 40:

alium portum propiorem huic aetati videbamus,

id. Att. 14, 19, 1:

damnum propius medullis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 28:

cura propior luctusque domesticus,

Ov. M. 13, 578; id. P. 4, 9, 71:

supplemento vel Latium propius esse,

Liv. 8, 11:

irae quam timori propiorem cernens,

more inclined to anger than to fear, Tac. A. 16, 9: oderat Aenean propior Saturnia Turno, more inclined or attached to, Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 7.—Hence, adv.: prŏpĭus, more nearly, nearer, closer (class.).

Lit.

Absol.:

propius accedamus,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 11; Ov. M. 2, 41:

res adspicere,

Verg. A. 1, 526:

propius spectare aliquid,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 67;

stare,

id. A. P. 361.—

With dat., nearer to: propius grammatico accessi, Cic. ap. Diom. p. 405 P. (not elsewhere in Cic.):

propius Tiberi quam Thermopylis,

Nep. Hann. 8, 3:

propius stabulis armenta tenerent,

Verg. G. 1, 355.—

With acc.:

ne propius se castra moveret,

Caes. B. G. 4, 9:

pars insulae, quae est propius solis occasum,

id. ib. 4, 28: propius aliquem accedere, id. ib. 5, 36:

propius urbem,

Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 26:

mare,

Sall. J. 18, 9.—

With ab:

propius a terris,

Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 87:

antiquitas quo propius aberat ab ortu et divinā progenie, hoc melius ea cernebat,

id. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

ab Urbe,

Plin. 17, 25, 38, § 243.—

Trop.:

ut propius ad ea accedam, quae a te dicta sunt,

Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 24; Sen. Ira, 3, 42, 4; Cic. Part. 36, 124:

propius accedo: nego esse illa testimonia,

id. Fl. 10, 23:

a contumeliā quam a laude propius fuerit post Vitellium eligi,

Tac. H. 2, 76:

nec quicquam propius est factum, quam ut illum persequeretur,

he was within an ace of following him, Cic. Clu. 21, 59; so,

propius nihil est factum, quam ut occideretur,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 15.

Sup.: proxĭmus (PROXVMVS and PROXSVMEIS, Tab. Bant.; late comp. proximior, Sen. Ep. 108, 16; Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.; v. below, B. 2. and 3.; cf. in adv. 2. c.), a, um, adj., the nearest, next (class.).

Lit., of place:

proxima oppida,

Caes. B. G. 3, 12:

via,

Lucr. 5, 103; cf.:

via ad gloriam proxima et quasi compendiaria,

Cic. Off. 2, 12, 43:

ad proximum mare, dein Romam pergerent,

Sall. J. 23, 2:

in proximos collis discedunt,

id. ib. 54, 10:

proximum iter in Galliam,

Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

paries cum proximus ardet,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 84:

agri termini,

id. C. 2, 18, 23:

proximus vicinus,

one's nearest neighbor, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 138; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 49; Cic. Att. 2, 14, 2; Dig. 50, 15, 4.—With dat.:

Belgae proximi sunt Germanis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1: huic proximum inferiorem orbem tenet puroeis, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53:

proxima Campano ponti villula,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 45.—With acc. (not in Cic.):

qui te proximus est,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 1:

ager proximus finem Megalopolitarum,

Liv. 35, 27:

Crassus proximus mare Oceanum hiemarat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 7, 2:

qui proximi forte tribunal steterant,

Liv. 8, 32, 12.—With ab, nearest to, next to:

dactylus proximus a postremo,

next before, Cic. Or. 64, 217:

ut quisque proximus ab oppresso sit,

Liv. 37, 25:

proximus a dominā,

Ov. A. A. 1, 139:

proxima regio ab eā (urbe),

Curt. 10, 5, 18. —Hence, as subst.,

proxĭmus, i, m., a neighbor, a fellow-man, Val. Max. 6, 9 init.; Quint. Decl. 259.—As subst.,

proxĭmum, i, n., the neighborhood, vicinity:

vicinus e proximo,

hard by, Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 11:

aquam hinc de proximo rogabo,

from the house next door, id. Rud. 2, 3, 73:

cum in proximo hic sit aegra,

close by, next door, Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 6:

huic locum in proximum conduxi,

Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 4:

per impluvium huc despexi in proximum,

into our neighbor's, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 16.— Plur.:

traicit in proxima continentis,

Liv. 31, 46, 12.—

Trop.

Of time, the next preceding or following, the previous, last, the next, the following, ensuing:

quid proximā, quid superiore nocte egeris,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

his proximis Nonis, cum in hortos Bruti venissemus,

id. Lael. 2, 7:

Gabinius quem proximis superioribus diebus acerrime oppugnasset,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 20: se proximā nocte castra moturum, on the next, i.e. the following night, Caes. B. G. 1, 40 fin.; 2, 12; 3, 18; Liv. 2, 7, 1:

proximo anno,

Sall. J. 35, 2; Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 208:

in proxumum annum (se) transtulit,

Cic. Mil. 9, 24:

proximo, altero, tertio, denique reliquis consecutis diebus,

id. Phil. 1, 13, 32:

bello tanto majore quam proximo conatu apparatum est,

Liv. 4, 23, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.: IN DIEBVS V. PROXSVMEIS QVIBVS QVISQVE EORVM MAG (istratum) INIERIT, Tab. Bantin. lin. 14; so ib. lin. 12; Cic. Fam. 10, 26, 2; id. Att. 11, 11, 1:

censor qui proximus ante me fuerat,

id. Sen. 12, 42: die proximi, old abl. form for proximo, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 24, 10, and ap. Non. 153, 11; cf.:

crastinus, pristinus, etc., but proximo a. d. VI. Kal. Octobr.,

recently, last of all, Cic. Att. 18, 5.—

In order of succession, rank, estimation, worth, etc., the next:

summa necessitudo videtur esse honestatis: huic proxima incolumitatis: tertia ac levissima commoditatis,

Cic. Inv. 2, 58, 173:

observat L. Domitium maxime, me habet proximum,

id. Att. 1, 1, 3:

proximos dentes eiciunt,

Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2:

prima vulnera... Proxima,

Ov. M. 3, 233:

proximos illi tamen occupavit Pallas honores,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 19: proximum est, ut, it follows that, remains that, the next point is: proximum est ergo, ut, opus fuerit classe necne quaeramus, we must next inquire, Cic. Fl. 12, 27:

proximum est, ut doceam, deorum providentiā mundum administrari,

id. N. D. 2, 29, 73.—Of value or quality, the next, most nearly approaching, most like or similar:

id habendum est antiquissimum et deo proximum, quod est optimum,

Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

ficta voluptatis causā sint proxima veris,

Hor. A. P. 338:

proxima Phoebi Versibus ille facit,

Verg. E. 7, 22.— Comp.:

ut quorum abstinentiam interrupi, modum servem et quidem abstinentiae proximiorem,

Sen. Ep. 108, 16.—

In relationship, connection, or resemblance, the nearest, next, most nearly or closely related, next of kin, most like:

AGNATVS PROXIMVS, Fragm. XII. Tabularum: hic illi genere est proximus,

Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 17:

proximus cognatione,

Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 144:

id des proximum,

id. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

proxima virtutibus vitia,

Quint. 10, 2, 16:

propinquitate,

Nep. Ages. 1, 3:

proximae necessitudines,

Petr. 116.— Comp.: si quis proximior cognatus nasceretur, Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.— Subst.: proxĭmi, ōrum, m., one's nearest relatives, next of kin:

injuriosi sunt in proximos,

Cic. Off. 1, 14, 44; Caes. Fragm. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 6; Phaedr. 5, 1, 16:

cum haec omnia cumulate tuis proximis plana fecero,

i.e. to your friends, intimates, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 64, § 165; id. Pis. 32, 79; Gell. 3, 8, 3.—

In gen., one's neighbor, fellow-man:

sive nostros status, sive proximorum ingenia contemplamur,

Val. Max. 6, 9, 1; Quint. Decl. 2, 59:

quis est mihi proximus?

Aug. in Psa. 118; Serm. 8, 2; 90, 7 init. —

That is nearest at hand, i. e. apt, fit, suitable, convenient, easy (anteand post-class.):

argumentum,

App. Mag. p. 278:

cum obvium proximumque esset dicere, etc.,

Gell. 3, 14, 12: eamus ad me;

ibi proximum est, ubi mutes,

there is the fittest, most convenient place, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64.— Adv.: proxĭmē (proxume; comp. proximius, v. below, 2. c.), nearest, very near, next.

Lit., of place, with dat. (not in Cic., rare in Livy):

quam proxime potest hostium castris castra communit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 72 fin.; Liv. 25, 14, 4.—With acc.:

exercitum habere quam proxime hostem,

Cic. Att. 6, 5, 3:

proxime Pompeium sedebam,

id. ib. 1, 14, 3:

proxime Hispaniam Mauri sunt,

Sall. J. 19, 4.—With ab:

a Surā proxime est Philiscum oppidum Parthorum,

Plin. 5, 26, 21, § 89:

omnes tamen quam proxime alter ab altero debent habitare,

Col. 1, 6, 8.—

Trop.

Of time, shortly before or after, last, next:

civitates quae proxime bellum fecerant,

Caes. B. G. 3, 29:

Tito fratre suo censore, qui proximus ante me fuerat,

Cic. Sen. 12, 42; id. Part. 39, 137; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 3:

cum proxime judices contrahentur,

id. ib. 5, 7, 3.—With acc.:

proxime abstinentiam sumendus est cibus exiguus,

Cels. 3, 2:

proxime solis occasum,

Pall. 9, 8, 5.—

Of order, rank, estimation, condition, etc., next to, next after, next:

proxime et secundum deos homines hominibus maxime utiles esse possunt,

Cic. Off. 2, 3, 1:

me huic tuae virtuti proxime accedere,

id. Fam. 11, 21, 4:

proxime a nobilissimis viris,

Vell. 2, 124, 4; id. 2, 127, 1:

proxime valent cetera lauri genera,

Plin. 23, 8, 80, § 158: utilissimum esse omphacium;

proxime viride,

id. 23, 4, 39, § 79.—With acc.: esse etiam debent proxime hos cari, qui, etc., Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13, 2:

proxime morem Romanum,

closely following the Roman method, Liv. 24, 48, 11:

erat res minime certamini navali similis, proxime speciem muros oppugnantium navium,

closely resembling, id. 30, 10.—In this sense also with atque:

proxime atque ille aut aeque,

nearly the same as he, Cic. Fam. 9, 13, 2.—

Very closely, nicely, accurately:

ut proxime utriusque differentiam signem,

Quint. 6, 2, 20 Spald.; cf.:

analogia, quam proxime ex Graeco transferentes in Latinum proportionem vocaverunt,

id. 1, 6, 3. — Comp.:

nonne apertius, proximius, verius?

Min. Fel. Oct. 19.

prŏpĭor, ĭus, gen. ōris, adj. comp., and proxĭmus, a, um, adj. sup. (v. below, II.) [from the obsol. propis; whence prope].

Comp., nearer, nigher.

Lit., of place:

portus propior,

Verg. A. 3, 530:

tumulus,

Liv. 22, 24:

ut propior patriae sit fuga nostra,

Ov. P. 1, 2, 130:

domus,

Sall. H. 2, 40 Dietsch:

cum propior caliginis aër Ater init oculos,

Lucr. 4, 338 (314).—With acc.:

propior montem suos collocat,

Sall. J. 49, 1:

propior hostem,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 9.—With ab:

quisquis ab igne propior stetit,

Sen. Ep. 74, 4.—With inf.:

propior timeri,

Stat. Th. 12, 223.— Neutr. plur, subst.: prŏpĭōra, um, places lying near:

propiora fluminis,

Tac. H. 5, 16:

tenere,

Verg. A. 5, 168.—

Trop.

Of time, nearer, later, more recent:

veniunt inde ad propiora,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 116:

venio ad propiorem (epistulam),

id. Att. 15, 3, 2:

propior puero quam juveni,

Vell. 2, 53, 1:

septimus octavo jam propior annus,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 40; id. C. 3, 15, 4:

mors,

Tib. 2, 3, 42:

propiore aut longiore tempore aliquid facere,

Dig. 23, 4, 17.—

Of relationship, nearer, more nearly related; with dat.:

quibus propior P. Quintio nemo est,

Cic. Quint. 31, 97:

ille gradu propior sanguinis,

Ov. H. 3, 28; 16, 326; 20, 158:

amicus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5.—

Of resemblance, more nearly resembling, more like (class.); with dat.:

quae sceleri propiora sunt, quam religioni,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112:

tauro,

Verg. G. 3, 57:

vero est propius,

more probable, Liv. 4, 37; Ov. F. 4, 801; Tac. A. 13, 34; id. G. 45:

scribere Sermoni propiora,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 42.—With acc. (not in Cic.):

propius est fidem,

is more credible, Liv. 4, 17:

quod tamen vitium propius virtutem erat,

Sall. C. 11, 1.—

Of relation or connection, nearer, more nearly related, affecting or concerning more nearly, of greater import, closer, more intimate:

hunc priorem aequom'st me habere: tunica propior pallio est, proverbially,

my shirt is nearer than my coat, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 30:

propior societas eorum, qui ejusdem civitatis,

Cic. Off. 3, 17, 69:

sua sibi propiora pericula esse, quam mea,

id. Sest. 18, 40:

alium portum propiorem huic aetati videbamus,

id. Att. 14, 19, 1:

damnum propius medullis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 28:

cura propior luctusque domesticus,

Ov. M. 13, 578; id. P. 4, 9, 71:

supplemento vel Latium propius esse,

Liv. 8, 11:

irae quam timori propiorem cernens,

more inclined to anger than to fear, Tac. A. 16, 9: oderat Aenean propior Saturnia Turno, more inclined or attached to, Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 7.—Hence, adv.: prŏpĭus, more nearly, nearer, closer (class.).

Lit.

Absol.:

propius accedamus,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 11; Ov. M. 2, 41:

res adspicere,

Verg. A. 1, 526:

propius spectare aliquid,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 67;

stare,

id. A. P. 361.—

With dat., nearer to: propius grammatico accessi, Cic. ap. Diom. p. 405 P. (not elsewhere in Cic.):

propius Tiberi quam Thermopylis,

Nep. Hann. 8, 3:

propius stabulis armenta tenerent,

Verg. G. 1, 355.—

With acc.:

ne propius se castra moveret,

Caes. B. G. 4, 9:

pars insulae, quae est propius solis occasum,

id. ib. 4, 28: propius aliquem accedere, id. ib. 5, 36:

propius urbem,

Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 26:

mare,

Sall. J. 18, 9.—

With ab:

propius a terris,

Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 87:

antiquitas quo propius aberat ab ortu et divinā progenie, hoc melius ea cernebat,

id. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

ab Urbe,

Plin. 17, 25, 38, § 243.—

Trop.:

ut propius ad ea accedam, quae a te dicta sunt,

Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 24; Sen. Ira, 3, 42, 4; Cic. Part. 36, 124:

propius accedo: nego esse illa testimonia,

id. Fl. 10, 23:

a contumeliā quam a laude propius fuerit post Vitellium eligi,

Tac. H. 2, 76:

nec quicquam propius est factum, quam ut illum persequeretur,

he was within an ace of following him, Cic. Clu. 21, 59; so,

propius nihil est factum, quam ut occideretur,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 15.

Sup.: proxĭmus (PROXVMVS and PROXSVMEIS, Tab. Bant.; late comp. proximior, Sen. Ep. 108, 16; Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.; v. below, B. 2. and 3.; cf. in adv. 2. c.), a, um, adj., the nearest, next (class.).

Lit., of place:

proxima oppida,

Caes. B. G. 3, 12:

via,

Lucr. 5, 103; cf.:

via ad gloriam proxima et quasi compendiaria,

Cic. Off. 2, 12, 43:

ad proximum mare, dein Romam pergerent,

Sall. J. 23, 2:

in proximos collis discedunt,

id. ib. 54, 10:

proximum iter in Galliam,

Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

paries cum proximus ardet,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 84:

agri termini,

id. C. 2, 18, 23:

proximus vicinus,

one's nearest neighbor, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 138; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 49; Cic. Att. 2, 14, 2; Dig. 50, 15, 4.—With dat.:

Belgae proximi sunt Germanis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1: huic proximum inferiorem orbem tenet puroeis, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53:

proxima Campano ponti villula,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 45.—With acc. (not in Cic.):

qui te proximus est,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 1:

ager proximus finem Megalopolitarum,

Liv. 35, 27:

Crassus proximus mare Oceanum hiemarat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 7, 2:

qui proximi forte tribunal steterant,

Liv. 8, 32, 12.—With ab, nearest to, next to:

dactylus proximus a postremo,

next before, Cic. Or. 64, 217:

ut quisque proximus ab oppresso sit,

Liv. 37, 25:

proximus a dominā,

Ov. A. A. 1, 139:

proxima regio ab eā (urbe),

Curt. 10, 5, 18. —Hence, as subst.,

proxĭmus, i, m., a neighbor, a fellow-man, Val. Max. 6, 9 init.; Quint. Decl. 259.—As subst.,

proxĭmum, i, n., the neighborhood, vicinity:

vicinus e proximo,

hard by, Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 11:

aquam hinc de proximo rogabo,

from the house next door, id. Rud. 2, 3, 73:

cum in proximo hic sit aegra,

close by, next door, Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 6:

huic locum in proximum conduxi,

Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 4:

per impluvium huc despexi in proximum,

into our neighbor's, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 16.— Plur.:

traicit in proxima continentis,

Liv. 31, 46, 12.—

Trop.

Of time, the next preceding or following, the previous, last, the next, the following, ensuing:

quid proximā, quid superiore nocte egeris,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

his proximis Nonis, cum in hortos Bruti venissemus,

id. Lael. 2, 7:

Gabinius quem proximis superioribus diebus acerrime oppugnasset,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 20: se proximā nocte castra moturum, on the next, i.e. the following night, Caes. B. G. 1, 40 fin.; 2, 12; 3, 18; Liv. 2, 7, 1:

proximo anno,

Sall. J. 35, 2; Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 208:

in proxumum annum (se) transtulit,

Cic. Mil. 9, 24:

proximo, altero, tertio, denique reliquis consecutis diebus,

id. Phil. 1, 13, 32:

bello tanto majore quam proximo conatu apparatum est,

Liv. 4, 23, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.: IN DIEBVS V. PROXSVMEIS QVIBVS QVISQVE EORVM MAG (istratum) INIERIT, Tab. Bantin. lin. 14; so ib. lin. 12; Cic. Fam. 10, 26, 2; id. Att. 11, 11, 1:

censor qui proximus ante me fuerat,

id. Sen. 12, 42: die proximi, old abl. form for proximo, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 24, 10, and ap. Non. 153, 11; cf.:

crastinus, pristinus, etc., but proximo a. d. VI. Kal. Octobr.,

recently, last of all, Cic. Att. 18, 5.—

In order of succession, rank, estimation, worth, etc., the next:

summa necessitudo videtur esse honestatis: huic proxima incolumitatis: tertia ac levissima commoditatis,

Cic. Inv. 2, 58, 173:

observat L. Domitium maxime, me habet proximum,

id. Att. 1, 1, 3:

proximos dentes eiciunt,

Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2:

prima vulnera... Proxima,

Ov. M. 3, 233:

proximos illi tamen occupavit Pallas honores,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 19: proximum est, ut, it follows that, remains that, the next point is: proximum est ergo, ut, opus fuerit classe necne quaeramus, we must next inquire, Cic. Fl. 12, 27:

proximum est, ut doceam, deorum providentiā mundum administrari,

id. N. D. 2, 29, 73.—Of value or quality, the next, most nearly approaching, most like or similar:

id habendum est antiquissimum et deo proximum, quod est optimum,

Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

ficta voluptatis causā sint proxima veris,

Hor. A. P. 338:

proxima Phoebi Versibus ille facit,

Verg. E. 7, 22.— Comp.:

ut quorum abstinentiam interrupi, modum servem et quidem abstinentiae proximiorem,

Sen. Ep. 108, 16.—

In relationship, connection, or resemblance, the nearest, next, most nearly or closely related, next of kin, most like:

AGNATVS PROXIMVS, Fragm. XII. Tabularum: hic illi genere est proximus,

Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 17:

proximus cognatione,

Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 144:

id des proximum,

id. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

proxima virtutibus vitia,

Quint. 10, 2, 16:

propinquitate,

Nep. Ages. 1, 3:

proximae necessitudines,

Petr. 116.— Comp.: si quis proximior cognatus nasceretur, Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.— Subst.: proxĭmi, ōrum, m., one's nearest relatives, next of kin:

injuriosi sunt in proximos,

Cic. Off. 1, 14, 44; Caes. Fragm. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 6; Phaedr. 5, 1, 16:

cum haec omnia cumulate tuis proximis plana fecero,

i.e. to your friends, intimates, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 64, § 165; id. Pis. 32, 79; Gell. 3, 8, 3.—

In gen., one's neighbor, fellow-man:

sive nostros status, sive proximorum ingenia contemplamur,

Val. Max. 6, 9, 1; Quint. Decl. 2, 59:

quis est mihi proximus?

Aug. in Psa. 118; Serm. 8, 2; 90, 7 init. —

That is nearest at hand, i. e. apt, fit, suitable, convenient, easy (anteand post-class.):

argumentum,

App. Mag. p. 278:

cum obvium proximumque esset dicere, etc.,

Gell. 3, 14, 12: eamus ad me;

ibi proximum est, ubi mutes,

there is the fittest, most convenient place, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64.— Adv.: proxĭmē (proxume; comp. proximius, v. below, 2. c.), nearest, very near, next.

Lit., of place, with dat. (not in Cic., rare in Livy):

quam proxime potest hostium castris castra communit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 72 fin.; Liv. 25, 14, 4.—With acc.:

exercitum habere quam proxime hostem,

Cic. Att. 6, 5, 3:

proxime Pompeium sedebam,

id. ib. 1, 14, 3:

proxime Hispaniam Mauri sunt,

Sall. J. 19, 4.—With ab:

a Surā proxime est Philiscum oppidum Parthorum,

Plin. 5, 26, 21, § 89:

omnes tamen quam proxime alter ab altero debent habitare,

Col. 1, 6, 8.—

Trop.

Of time, shortly before or after, last, next:

civitates quae proxime bellum fecerant,

Caes. B. G. 3, 29:

Tito fratre suo censore, qui proximus ante me fuerat,

Cic. Sen. 12, 42; id. Part. 39, 137; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 3:

cum proxime judices contrahentur,

id. ib. 5, 7, 3.—With acc.:

proxime abstinentiam sumendus est cibus exiguus,

Cels. 3, 2:

proxime solis occasum,

Pall. 9, 8, 5.—

Of order, rank, estimation, condition, etc., next to, next after, next:

proxime et secundum deos homines hominibus maxime utiles esse possunt,

Cic. Off. 2, 3, 1:

me huic tuae virtuti proxime accedere,

id. Fam. 11, 21, 4:

proxime a nobilissimis viris,

Vell. 2, 124, 4; id. 2, 127, 1:

proxime valent cetera lauri genera,

Plin. 23, 8, 80, § 158: utilissimum esse omphacium;

proxime viride,

id. 23, 4, 39, § 79.—With acc.: esse etiam debent proxime hos cari, qui, etc., Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13, 2:

proxime morem Romanum,

closely following the Roman method, Liv. 24, 48, 11:

erat res minime certamini navali similis, proxime speciem muros oppugnantium navium,

closely resembling, id. 30, 10.—In this sense also with atque:

proxime atque ille aut aeque,

nearly the same as he, Cic. Fam. 9, 13, 2.—

Very closely, nicely, accurately:

ut proxime utriusque differentiam signem,

Quint. 6, 2, 20 Spald.; cf.:

analogia, quam proxime ex Graeco transferentes in Latinum proportionem vocaverunt,

id. 1, 6, 3. — Comp.:

nonne apertius, proximius, verius?

Min. Fel. Oct. 19.

prŏpĭor, ĭus, gen. ōris, adj. comp., and proxĭmus, a, um, adj. sup. (v. below, II.) [from the obsol. propis; whence prope].

Comp., nearer, nigher.

Lit., of place:

portus propior,

Verg. A. 3, 530:

tumulus,

Liv. 22, 24:

ut propior patriae sit fuga nostra,

Ov. P. 1, 2, 130:

domus,

Sall. H. 2, 40 Dietsch:

cum propior caliginis aër Ater init oculos,

Lucr. 4, 338 (314).—With acc.:

propior montem suos collocat,

Sall. J. 49, 1:

propior hostem,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 9.—With ab:

quisquis ab igne propior stetit,

Sen. Ep. 74, 4.—With inf.:

propior timeri,

Stat. Th. 12, 223.— Neutr. plur, subst.: prŏpĭōra, um, places lying near:

propiora fluminis,

Tac. H. 5, 16:

tenere,

Verg. A. 5, 168.—

Trop.

Of time, nearer, later, more recent:

veniunt inde ad propiora,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 116:

venio ad propiorem (epistulam),

id. Att. 15, 3, 2:

propior puero quam juveni,

Vell. 2, 53, 1:

septimus octavo jam propior annus,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 40; id. C. 3, 15, 4:

mors,

Tib. 2, 3, 42:

propiore aut longiore tempore aliquid facere,

Dig. 23, 4, 17.—

Of relationship, nearer, more nearly related; with dat.:

quibus propior P. Quintio nemo est,

Cic. Quint. 31, 97:

ille gradu propior sanguinis,

Ov. H. 3, 28; 16, 326; 20, 158:

amicus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5.—

Of resemblance, more nearly resembling, more like (class.); with dat.:

quae sceleri propiora sunt, quam religioni,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112:

tauro,

Verg. G. 3, 57:

vero est propius,

more probable, Liv. 4, 37; Ov. F. 4, 801; Tac. A. 13, 34; id. G. 45:

scribere Sermoni propiora,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 42.—With acc. (not in Cic.):

propius est fidem,

is more credible, Liv. 4, 17:

quod tamen vitium propius virtutem erat,

Sall. C. 11, 1.—

Of relation or connection, nearer, more nearly related, affecting or concerning more nearly, of greater import, closer, more intimate:

hunc priorem aequom'st me habere: tunica propior pallio est, proverbially,

my shirt is nearer than my coat, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 30:

propior societas eorum, qui ejusdem civitatis,

Cic. Off. 3, 17, 69:

sua sibi propiora pericula esse, quam mea,

id. Sest. 18, 40:

alium portum propiorem huic aetati videbamus,

id. Att. 14, 19, 1:

damnum propius medullis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 28:

cura propior luctusque domesticus,

Ov. M. 13, 578; id. P. 4, 9, 71:

supplemento vel Latium propius esse,

Liv. 8, 11:

irae quam timori propiorem cernens,

more inclined to anger than to fear, Tac. A. 16, 9: oderat Aenean propior Saturnia Turno, more inclined or attached to, Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 7.—Hence, adv.: prŏpĭus, more nearly, nearer, closer (class.).

Lit.

Absol.:

propius accedamus,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 11; Ov. M. 2, 41:

res adspicere,

Verg. A. 1, 526:

propius spectare aliquid,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 67;

stare,

id. A. P. 361.—

With dat., nearer to: propius grammatico accessi, Cic. ap. Diom. p. 405 P. (not elsewhere in Cic.):

propius Tiberi quam Thermopylis,

Nep. Hann. 8, 3:

propius stabulis armenta tenerent,

Verg. G. 1, 355.—

With acc.:

ne propius se castra moveret,

Caes. B. G. 4, 9:

pars insulae, quae est propius solis occasum,

id. ib. 4, 28: propius aliquem accedere, id. ib. 5, 36:

propius urbem,

Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 26:

mare,

Sall. J. 18, 9.—

With ab:

propius a terris,

Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 87:

antiquitas quo propius aberat ab ortu et divinā progenie, hoc melius ea cernebat,

id. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

ab Urbe,

Plin. 17, 25, 38, § 243.—

Trop.:

ut propius ad ea accedam, quae a te dicta sunt,

Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 24; Sen. Ira, 3, 42, 4; Cic. Part. 36, 124:

propius accedo: nego esse illa testimonia,

id. Fl. 10, 23:

a contumeliā quam a laude propius fuerit post Vitellium eligi,

Tac. H. 2, 76:

nec quicquam propius est factum, quam ut illum persequeretur,

he was within an ace of following him, Cic. Clu. 21, 59; so,

propius nihil est factum, quam ut occideretur,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 15.

Sup.: proxĭmus (PROXVMVS and PROXSVMEIS, Tab. Bant.; late comp. proximior, Sen. Ep. 108, 16; Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.; v. below, B. 2. and 3.; cf. in adv. 2. c.), a, um, adj., the nearest, next (class.).

Lit., of place:

proxima oppida,

Caes. B. G. 3, 12:

via,

Lucr. 5, 103; cf.:

via ad gloriam proxima et quasi compendiaria,

Cic. Off. 2, 12, 43:

ad proximum mare, dein Romam pergerent,

Sall. J. 23, 2:

in proximos collis discedunt,

id. ib. 54, 10:

proximum iter in Galliam,

Caes. B. G. 1, 10:

paries cum proximus ardet,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 84:

agri termini,

id. C. 2, 18, 23:

proximus vicinus,

one's nearest neighbor, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 138; Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 49; Cic. Att. 2, 14, 2; Dig. 50, 15, 4.—With dat.:

Belgae proximi sunt Germanis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1: huic proximum inferiorem orbem tenet puroeis, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53:

proxima Campano ponti villula,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 45.—With acc. (not in Cic.):

qui te proximus est,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 3, 1:

ager proximus finem Megalopolitarum,

Liv. 35, 27:

Crassus proximus mare Oceanum hiemarat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 7, 2:

qui proximi forte tribunal steterant,

Liv. 8, 32, 12.—With ab, nearest to, next to:

dactylus proximus a postremo,

next before, Cic. Or. 64, 217:

ut quisque proximus ab oppresso sit,

Liv. 37, 25:

proximus a dominā,

Ov. A. A. 1, 139:

proxima regio ab eā (urbe),

Curt. 10, 5, 18. —Hence, as subst.,

proxĭmus, i, m., a neighbor, a fellow-man, Val. Max. 6, 9 init.; Quint. Decl. 259.—As subst.,

proxĭmum, i, n., the neighborhood, vicinity:

vicinus e proximo,

hard by, Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 11:

aquam hinc de proximo rogabo,

from the house next door, id. Rud. 2, 3, 73:

cum in proximo hic sit aegra,

close by, next door, Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 6:

huic locum in proximum conduxi,

Cic. Fil. Fam. 16, 21, 4:

per impluvium huc despexi in proximum,

into our neighbor's, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 16.— Plur.:

traicit in proxima continentis,

Liv. 31, 46, 12.—

Trop.

Of time, the next preceding or following, the previous, last, the next, the following, ensuing:

quid proximā, quid superiore nocte egeris,

Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

his proximis Nonis, cum in hortos Bruti venissemus,

id. Lael. 2, 7:

Gabinius quem proximis superioribus diebus acerrime oppugnasset,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 20: se proximā nocte castra moturum, on the next, i.e. the following night, Caes. B. G. 1, 40 fin.; 2, 12; 3, 18; Liv. 2, 7, 1:

proximo anno,

Sall. J. 35, 2; Plin. 17, 23, 35, § 208:

in proxumum annum (se) transtulit,

Cic. Mil. 9, 24:

proximo, altero, tertio, denique reliquis consecutis diebus,

id. Phil. 1, 13, 32:

bello tanto majore quam proximo conatu apparatum est,

Liv. 4, 23, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.: IN DIEBVS V. PROXSVMEIS QVIBVS QVISQVE EORVM MAG (istratum) INIERIT, Tab. Bantin. lin. 14; so ib. lin. 12; Cic. Fam. 10, 26, 2; id. Att. 11, 11, 1:

censor qui proximus ante me fuerat,

id. Sen. 12, 42: die proximi, old abl. form for proximo, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 24, 10, and ap. Non. 153, 11; cf.:

crastinus, pristinus, etc., but proximo a. d. VI. Kal. Octobr.,

recently, last of all, Cic. Att. 18, 5.—

In order of succession, rank, estimation, worth, etc., the next:

summa necessitudo videtur esse honestatis: huic proxima incolumitatis: tertia ac levissima commoditatis,

Cic. Inv. 2, 58, 173:

observat L. Domitium maxime, me habet proximum,

id. Att. 1, 1, 3:

proximos dentes eiciunt,

Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 2:

prima vulnera... Proxima,

Ov. M. 3, 233:

proximos illi tamen occupavit Pallas honores,

Hor. C. 1, 12, 19: proximum est, ut, it follows that, remains that, the next point is: proximum est ergo, ut, opus fuerit classe necne quaeramus, we must next inquire, Cic. Fl. 12, 27:

proximum est, ut doceam, deorum providentiā mundum administrari,

id. N. D. 2, 29, 73.—Of value or quality, the next, most nearly approaching, most like or similar:

id habendum est antiquissimum et deo proximum, quod est optimum,

Cic. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

ficta voluptatis causā sint proxima veris,

Hor. A. P. 338:

proxima Phoebi Versibus ille facit,

Verg. E. 7, 22.— Comp.:

ut quorum abstinentiam interrupi, modum servem et quidem abstinentiae proximiorem,

Sen. Ep. 108, 16.—

In relationship, connection, or resemblance, the nearest, next, most nearly or closely related, next of kin, most like:

AGNATVS PROXIMVS, Fragm. XII. Tabularum: hic illi genere est proximus,

Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 17:

proximus cognatione,

Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 144:

id des proximum,

id. Leg. 2, 16, 40:

proxima virtutibus vitia,

Quint. 10, 2, 16:

propinquitate,

Nep. Ages. 1, 3:

proximae necessitudines,

Petr. 116.— Comp.: si quis proximior cognatus nasceretur, Ulp. ap. Prisc. p. 607 P.— Subst.: proxĭmi, ōrum, m., one's nearest relatives, next of kin:

injuriosi sunt in proximos,

Cic. Off. 1, 14, 44; Caes. Fragm. ap. Gell. 5, 13, 6; Phaedr. 5, 1, 16:

cum haec omnia cumulate tuis proximis plana fecero,

i.e. to your friends, intimates, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 64, § 165; id. Pis. 32, 79; Gell. 3, 8, 3.—

In gen., one's neighbor, fellow-man:

sive nostros status, sive proximorum ingenia contemplamur,

Val. Max. 6, 9, 1; Quint. Decl. 2, 59:

quis est mihi proximus?

Aug. in Psa. 118; Serm. 8, 2; 90, 7 init. —

That is nearest at hand, i. e. apt, fit, suitable, convenient, easy (anteand post-class.):

argumentum,

App. Mag. p. 278:

cum obvium proximumque esset dicere, etc.,

Gell. 3, 14, 12: eamus ad me;

ibi proximum est, ubi mutes,

there is the fittest, most convenient place, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64.— Adv.: proxĭmē (proxume; comp. proximius, v. below, 2. c.), nearest, very near, next.

Lit., of place, with dat. (not in Cic., rare in Livy):

quam proxime potest hostium castris castra communit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 72 fin.; Liv. 25, 14, 4.—With acc.:

exercitum habere quam proxime hostem,

Cic. Att. 6, 5, 3:

proxime Pompeium sedebam,

id. ib. 1, 14, 3:

proxime Hispaniam Mauri sunt,

Sall. J. 19, 4.—With ab:

a Surā proxime est Philiscum oppidum Parthorum,

Plin. 5, 26, 21, § 89:

omnes tamen quam proxime alter ab altero debent habitare,

Col. 1, 6, 8.—

Trop.

Of time, shortly before or after, last, next:

civitates quae proxime bellum fecerant,

Caes. B. G. 3, 29:

Tito fratre suo censore, qui proximus ante me fuerat,

Cic. Sen. 12, 42; id. Part. 39, 137; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 3:

cum proxime judices contrahentur,

id. ib. 5, 7, 3.—With acc.:

proxime abstinentiam sumendus est cibus exiguus,

Cels. 3, 2:

proxime solis occasum,

Pall. 9, 8, 5.—

Of order, rank, estimation, condition, etc., next to, next after, next:

proxime et secundum deos homines hominibus maxime utiles esse possunt,

Cic. Off. 2, 3, 1:

me huic tuae virtuti proxime accedere,

id. Fam. 11, 21, 4:

proxime a nobilissimis viris,

Vell. 2, 124, 4; id. 2, 127, 1:

proxime valent cetera lauri genera,

Plin. 23, 8, 80, § 158: utilissimum esse omphacium;

proxime viride,

id. 23, 4, 39, § 79.—With acc.: esse etiam debent proxime hos cari, qui, etc., Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13, 2:

proxime morem Romanum,

closely following the Roman method, Liv. 24, 48, 11:

erat res minime certamini navali similis, proxime speciem muros oppugnantium navium,

closely resembling, id. 30, 10.—In this sense also with atque:

proxime atque ille aut aeque,

nearly the same as he, Cic. Fam. 9, 13, 2.—

Very closely, nicely, accurately:

ut proxime utriusque differentiam signem,

Quint. 6, 2, 20 Spald.; cf.:

analogia, quam proxime ex Graeco transferentes in Latinum proportionem vocaverunt,

id. 1, 6, 3. — Comp.:

nonne apertius, proximius, verius?

Min. Fel. Oct. 19.