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101 organization hierarchy
Gen Mgtthe vertical layers of ranks of personnel within an organization, each layer subordinate to the one above it. Organization hierarchy is often shown in the form of an organization chart. An extended hierarchy is typical of a bureaucracy, but during the later 20th and early 21st centuries the layers of hierarchical positions within large organizations have often been reduced as part of downsizing exercises. These result in the shallow or nonexistent hierarchies of flexible, flat organizations within which there is greater employee empowerment and autonomy. -
102 organization structure
Gen Mgtthe form of an organization that is evident in the way divisions, departments, functions, and people link together and interact. Organization structure reveals vertical operational responsibilities, and horizontal linkages, and may be represented by an organization chart. The complexity of an organization’s structure is often proportional to its size and its geographic dispersal. The traditional organization structure for many businesses in the 20th century was the bureaucracy, originally defined by Max Weber. More recent forms include the flat, network, matrix, and virtual organizations. These forms have become more prevalent during the last decades of the 20th century as a result of the trend toward restructuring and downsizing and developments in telecommunications technology. According to Harold J. Leavitt, organization structure is inextricably linked to the technology and people who perform the tasks. Charles Handy has shown that it is also directly linked to corporate culture. -
103 rationalization
Gen Mgtthe application of efficiency or effectiveness measures to an organization. Rationalization can occur at the onset of a downturn in an organization’s performance or results. It usually takes the form of cutbacks intended to bring the organization back to profitability and may involve layoffs, plant closures, and cutbacks in supplies and resources. It often involves changes in organization structure, particularly in the form of downsizing. The term is also used in a cynical way as a euphemism for mass layoffs. -
104 resizing
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105 upsizing
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106 native resolution
"The resolution a display is designed to use. Unlike cathode ray tube technology, liquid crystal displays cannot stretch or shrink images gracefully. The pixels are either stretched or shrunk over greater or fewer cells, so upsizing or downsizing images to non-native resolutions degrades visual quality."
См. также в других словарях:
Downsizing — (engl. für Verkleinerung, Verringerung, Abbau, Gesundschrumpfung) bedeutet eine Verkleinerung technischer Größen (zum Beispiel Gewicht, Hubraum) bei gleicher oder ähnlicher Leistungsfähigkeit hierdurch sinkt der Energieverbrauch. Am häufigsten… … Deutsch Wikipedia
downsizing — n. (Economics) the reduction of expeditures and personnel in order to become financial stable; of businesses. Syn: retrenchment, curtailment. [WordNet 1.5] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
downsizing — A company s reduction in the number of employees, number of bureaucratic levels, and overall size in an attempt to increase efficiency and profitability. Bloomberg Financial Dictionary * * * downsizing down‧siz‧ing [ˈdaʊnˌsaɪzɪŋ] noun… … Financial and business terms
Downsizing — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Le terme Downsizing peut désigner : En informatique, le downsizing consiste à remplacer une machine puissante par un réseau de petites machines. En… … Wikipédia en Français
downsizing — noun a) An act in which a company downsizes or is downsized He lost his job in the last downsizing. b) miniaturization Downsizing is one of the leading trends in automotive engine design … Wiktionary
Downsizing — Down|si|zing 〈[ daʊnsaızıŋ] n.; od. s; unz.〉 1. 〈Wirtsch.〉 1.1 Reduktion von Arbeitskräften 1.2 Verringerung der Produktion 2. 〈EDV〉 Ersetzen eines zentralen Rechnersystems durch kleinere, miteinander vernetzte Systeme [<engl. down „hinunter,… … Universal-Lexikon
downsizing — ● ►en /down say zing/ n. m. ►DECI Littéralement plan social d une entreprise, avec réduction d effectifs, réduction de taille ou descente en taille, appelée méchamment dégraissage en France, comme si le personnel licencié constituait de la… … Dictionnaire d'informatique francophone
downsizing — A reduction in the size of an organization, especially by cutting the number of direct employees. The main purpose of downsizing is to improve profitability by reducing costs, although there may also be gains in both focus and flexibility. Apart… … Accounting dictionary
downsizing — A reduction in the size of an organization, especially by cutting the number of direct employees. The main purpose of downsizing is to improve profitability by reducing costs, although there may also be gains in both focus and flexibility. Apart… … Big dictionary of business and management
downsizing — The redesign of mainframebased business applications to applications capable of running on smaller, lessexpensive systems, often PC LANs. Client/ server architecture is the model most often implemented during downsizing. When applications are… … Dictionary of networking
Downsizing (informatique) — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Downsizing. Jusqu au début des années 1980, la loi de Grosch a semblé s imposer : disposer de machines puissantes consultables par des terminaux intelligents, mais passifs, semblait la voie d avenir pour l… … Wikipédia en Français
