dominatio

suprā (altlat. suprād), Adv. u. Praepos. (st. superā [sc. parte] von superus), I) Adv. m. Compar.: 1) v. Raume: a) auf der oberen Seite, oben, oben darauf, oberhalb (Ggstz. infra), oleum supra siet, Cato: omnia haec, quae supra et subter, unum esse, Cic.: et mare quod supra teneant quodque alluit infra, Verg.: magno numero iumentorum in flumine supra atque infra constituto, Caes.: supra, non infra est deus, Lact. – b) darüber heraus, darüber hervor, toto vertice supra est, Verg. – Compar. superius, weiter hinauf, weiter oben, piscina superius construenda, Pallad.: superius rapiuntur, Sen.: Ggstz. subterius, Isid. orig. 16, 8, 4. – c) oben, vorher, bei Verweisungen in Schrift u. Rede, uti supra demonstravimus, Caes.: ut supra dixi, Cic.: ille, quem supra deformavi, Cic.: quae supra dixi, Cic.: supra dictae particulae, Gell.: erunt adiungenda supra dictis etiam mictualia medicamenta, Cael. Aur. – Compar. superius, weiter oben, ut superius demonstravimus, Auct. b. Hisp.: dixi superius, Phaedr.: de qua superius dixerim, Firm. – 2) von der Zeit, von oben an, von früher her, weiter (aus vergangener Zeit), pauca supra repetere, Sall., de alqo, Tac. – 3) v. Maße: a) eig.: darüber, mehr, centesimus tibi vel supra premitur annus, Sen.: ager fortasse trecentis aut etiam supra nummorum milibus emptus, Hor.: supra adicere, mehr bieten, Cic. – b)

————

übtr., darüber hinaus, mehr, dialogos confeci et absolvi nescio quam bene, sed ita accurate, ut nihil possit supra, Cic.: dominandi supra quam aestimari avidissimus potest, Aur. Vict.: nihil supra, Ter.: supra deos lacessere, noch mehr, Hor. – dah. supra quam, mehr als, patiens inediae, algoris, supra quam cuiquam credibile est, Sall.: rem supra feret, quam fieri potest, größer machen, als es möglich ist, Cic.

II) Praepos. m. Acc.: 1) v. Raume: a) mit Verben der Ruhe = über, oben über, oben auf, auf (Ggstz. infra), ille qui supra nos habitat, Plaut.: Nerëides supra delphinos et cete sedentes, Plin.: ubi circa muros supra subterque terram per dies quindecim pugnatum est, Liv.: mit Berücksichtigung der Rangordnung, accumbere supra alqm, (bei Tische) über jmd. liegen, Cic. – insbes. von der geographischen Lage = oberhalb, jenseit, exercitus, qui supra Suessulam Nolae praesideret, Liv.: Syene est supra Alexandriam, Plin. – bildl., supra caput, über dem Kopfe, d.i. auf dem Halse, zur Last, ecce supra caput homo levis, da hab' ich auf dem Halse, Cic.: supra caput esse, Sall. u. Liv. – übtr., zur Bezeichnung des Amtes, das jmd. hat, über, qui supra bibliothecam fuerunt, Vitr. 7. praef. § 5: supra rationes esse positum, Ps. Quint. decl. 353: libertus supra hereditates, Scribon. 162: supra insulas, Corp. inscr. Lat. 14, 2769: supra iumenta, ibid. 6, 7987 u. 9486: supra cocos,

————

ibid. 6, 9261. – b) mit Verben der Bewegung: α) über... hinweg, über... hin, fera saltu supra venabula fertur, Verg.: supra segetes navigare, Ov. – β) oben auf, tignumque supra turba petulans insilit, Phaedr.: nec exissent umquam supra terram, Cic. – γ) über... hinaus, attolli supra ceteros mortales, Plin.: supra alqm ire, einen übertreffen, Verg.: exsurgere supra dolores, Ps. Albinov. – 2) v. der Zeit, über, vor, paulo supra hanc memoriam, Caes.: supra septingentesimum annum, Liv. – 3) vom Maße, a) eig. = über, über... hinaus, supra milia viginti, Liv.: nec supra geminos fetus, Plin. – b) übtr.: α) über, über... hinaus, supra modum, Liv.: supra morem, Verg.: supra vires, Hor.: supra humanam formam, Phaedr.: supra humanam fidem, Plin.: supra omnium opinionem, Scrib.: dominatio et potentia, quae supra leges se esse velit, die mehr gelten will als, Cic.: supra Coclites Musiosque id facinus esse, gehe über die eines K.u.M. hinaus, Liv. – β) über, außer, supra belli Latini metum id quoque accesserat, quod etc., Liv.: de floribus supra dictos scripsit Theophrastus, außer den genannten, Plin.

traho, trāxī, tractum, ere (vielleicht aus *dhragho zu Wz. dhrag, ziehen, tragen, gotisch dragan, ahd. tragan, nhd. tragen), ziehen, schleppen, schleifen, I) im allg.: 1) eig.: alqm pedibus, Cic.: alcis cadaver cervicibus reste circumdatum (mit einem Strick um den Hals) per vias, Val. Max.: alcis corpus per vias canini cadaveris more, Aur. Vict.: trahere regium currum (v. weißen Pferden), Sen.: ramos od. frondosos ramos per terram, Frontin. u. Liv.: toto itinere non ducitur, sed trahitur, Sen.: excussi a raeda vel curriculo et ita tracti, Scrib. Larg. – bes. ad supplicium trahi, Sall. u. Tac.; auch bl. trahi, Sall. u. Tac.; vgl. Korte Cic. ep. 7, 32, 5. – 2) bildl.: a) jmd. ziehen = bestimmen, trahit sua quemque voluptas, jeden leitet seine eigene Lust, Verg.: cum animos in societatem cupiendi par voluntas trahit, Sen.: in diversa tr., gleichsam nach zwei Seiten hinziehen (bald zu dem einen Entschlusse, bald zum anderen), Ov.: so auch in arma, in facinus = verleiten, Ov.: in suam sententiam, zu seiner Ansicht bringen, Liv.: quid est, quod me in aliam partem trahere possit? Cic.: ad decernendum, Liv.: trahi ad mutandam fidem, Tac.: tractus amore, Ov.: trahi studio laudis, Cic.: trahi et duci ad cognitionis et scientiae cupiditatem, Cic. – b) etwas beziehen auf usw., decus ad consulem, dem K. beimessen, Liv.: so crimen in se, Ov.: ibidem unā traho, das

————

rechne ich schon mit dazu, Plaut.: egomet me adeo cum illis unā ibidem traho, ich stelle mich mit ihnen auf gleiche Linie, Plaut. – c) auf eine gewisse Weise auslegen, verstehen, deuten, eodem, Tac.: utroque, Liv.: alqd ad religionem, etwas bedenklich finden, Liv.: varie, in deterius (schlimm), Tac.: in duas aut plures sententias, Cornif. rhet.: ad meliora responsa, Liv.: so in laudem, in metum, ad saevitiam, Tac.: in diversa, Liv.: disputationibus huc et illuc, Cic.

II) insbes.: A) nach sich ziehen, nachschleppen, 1) eig. u. übtr.: a) eig.: amiculum, Plaut.: vestem, Hor.: catenam suam, Augustin.: pallium per lutum, Rutil. Lup. – aus Müdigkeit, corpus fessum, Liv.: genua, Verg. – b) übtr., nachführen, mit sich führen, im Gefolge haben, exercitum, Liv.: turbam prosequentium, Liv.: furtivis oculorum nutibus adulescentium greges post se (von eitlen Frauen), Hieron.: limum arenamque et saxa ingentia fluctus trahunt, Sall. – 2) bildl.: tantum trahit ille timoris, Ov.: traherent cum sera crepuscula noctem, gleichs. sich folgen ließen, Ov.: novit quae mox ventura trahantur, herannaht, Verg.

B) an sich ziehen, in sich ziehen, einziehen, 1) eig. u. übtr.: a) eig.: admotus magnes ferrum trahit, Solin. 52, 57 (Cic. de div. 1, 86 jetzt attrahit): tr. auras ore, Ov.: animam, Atem holen, -schöpfen, atmen, Liv.: u. so spiritum, Cels., Curt. u.a. (s. Müt-

————

zell Curt. 3, 6 [15], 10): spiritum ultimum trahere, den letzten Atemzug tun (von Sterbenden), Sen.: aquam, Wasser ziehen (v. Fahrzeug), Sen.: flammam, Feuer fangen, Tac.: odorem naribus, Phaedr. – bes. v. Trinken, schlürfen, pocula, Hor.: merum in auro veteris Assaraci, Sen. poët.: amnem parum moderato gutture, Ov. – b) übtr., an sich ziehen, annehmen, squamas, Ov.: figuram, Ov.: faciem, Ov. colorem, ruborem, Ov.: pallorem, Colum.: calorem, Ov. – 2) bildl.: a) annehmen, aufnehmen, multum ex moribus (Sarmatarum) traxisse, Tac. Germ. 46: multum ex vero traxisse, viel vom W. angenommen haben, mit vielem W. versetzt sein, Tac. ann. 15, 68. – b) an sich ziehen, an sich bringen, sich zueignen, regnum, Liv.: decumas, Cic.: fratrem, zum Konsul an sich heranziehen, einschieben, aufdringen, Liv.: cum gratiam recte factorum sibi quisque trahat, Tac. – c) empfangen, bekommen, cognomen ex alqa re, Cic.: nomen ab alqa re, Ov. u. Quint., ex alqo, Mela: maiorem ex pernicie et peste rei publicae molestiam (Unmut), sich zuziehen = empfinden, Cic.: so morbos, Solin. 49, 11: morbum levem ac perpetuum, Lact.: aliquo crimine famam infamem, Augustin.: maturitatem (v. Wein), Colum.: Platon plus ex moribus quam ex verbis Socratis traxit, hat mehr aus des Sokrates Charakter als aus seinen Worten gewonnen, Sen. ep. 6, 6. – d) nehmen, in exemplum, Ov. met. 8,

————

245.

C) zusammenziehen, vultus trahere rugasque cogere, Ov.; vgl. tr. rugam, Iuven.: ignis coria trahit conducitque in unum, Lucr.: vela, einziehen, Verg.

D) wegziehen, abziehen, wegschleppen, wegführen, 1) eig. u. übtr.: a) eig.: alqm a templo, Verg.: de medio, Liv.: praedas ex agris, Liv. – dah. plündern, Aeduorum pagos, Tac.: ne Cirtensium pagi impune traherentur, Tac.: quin socios amicos trahant exscindant, Sall. fr.: ducere trahere et rapere, od. rapere trahere (griech. ἄγειν καὶ φέρειν), Sall. – b) übtr., v. Arzneien = wegziehen, abführen, elleborum bilem trahit, Plin.: sanguinem, Veget.: pituitas, Plin. – 2) bildl.: a) abziehen, hinüberziehen zu usw., gewinnen für usw. (vgl. Weißenb. Liv. 24, 2, 8), ab incepto, Sall.: gentem ad Macedonas, Liv. – b) wegnehmen, partem doloris trahebat publica clades, Liv. 25, 36, 15. – c) entnehmen, consilium ex alqa re, Sall. Iug. 98, 3. – d) ableiten, herleiten, originem ab alqo, Plin.: sermonem ab initio, Cic.

E) hervorziehen, herausziehen, herausbringen, 1) eig. u. übtr.: a) eig.: aquam e puteis, Cic.: u. so bl. aquam, Sen.: ferrum e vulnere od. a vulnere, Ov.: telum de corpore, Ov.: gladium de visceribus, Mart.: comam, das Haar raufen, Apul. – b) übtr.: vocem imo a pectore, Verg.: suspiria penitus, Ov.: gemitus, Val. Flacc.: suspirium extremum, Phaedr. – 2) bildl.:

————

voce traham purā, ich enthülle mit usw., Pers. 5, 28.

F) herabziehen, lunam (de caelo), Ov. met. 7, 207.

G) hin und her ziehen, -zerren, -schleppen, 1) eig.: corpus tractum, Cic. Phil. 11, 5. – 2) bildl.: a) zerrütten, Britanni per principes factionibus et studiis (dis) trahuntur, Tac. Agr. 12. – b) vertun, verprassen, gleichs. verschleppen, pecuniam, Sall. Cat. 20, 12. – c) verteilen, sorte laborem, Verg. Aen. 1, 508. – d) in Überlegung ziehen, überlegen, überdenken, rationes belli, Sall.: cum animo suo, Sall.

H) in die Länge ziehen, 1) eig.: a) verlängern, in spatium aures, Ov.: verba, ziehen, lang aussprechen, Sil. 8, 79. – b) spinnen, abspinnen, lanam manibus, Varro fr.: vellera motis digitis, Ov.: fila pollice, Mart.: lanam, Iuven.: data pensa, Ov.: Laconicas purpuras, Hor.: u. so colum (v.d. Atropos), Anthol. Lat. 792, 2 R. – c) krämpeln, lanam mollire (verfeinern) trahendo, Ov. met. 2, 411. – d) dehnen, sonus in longum trahitur, v. Gesang der Nachtigall, Plin. 10, 81. – 2) bildl., eine Zeit, a) in die Länge ziehen = hinziehen, verzögern, verschleifen, tempus, Sall.: bellum, Liv. u. Tac.: pugnam, Liv.: comitia, Cic.: morbum, Cels.: rem in serum, Liv.: fata, aufhalten, Val. Flacc.: übtr., jmd. hinziehen, hinhalten, aegros, Cels.: alqm sermone, quousque etc., Val. Max.: legati querentes, trahi se a Caesare, Suet. – intr. = dauern, währen, decem annos traxit ista dominatio, Flor.: von

————

Kranken, in morbo diutius, verharren, bleiben, Cels.: qui ceterā parte anni traxerunt, resolvuntur tempore autumni, die ihr Leben gefristet haben, Cels. – b) langsam zubringen, noctem sermone, Verg.: per pocula noctes, Mart.: vitam in tenebris, hinschleppen, Verg.: vitam quoque modo, Plin.: vitam luxu, Phaedr.: vitam asperam in silvis, Phaedr.: quietem, schlafen, Prop.: frustra laborem ingratum, sich vergebens mühen im undankbaren Fron, Verg.: segne otium, sich träger Muße hingeben, Tac. – ⇒ Infin. Perf. synk. traxe, Verg. Aen. 5, 786.

tyrannicus, a, um (τυραννικός), tyrannisch, despotisch, leges, facinus, Cic.: tormenta, Sen. rhet.: ira, Sen.: dominatio, crudelitas, Iustin.: potestas, Lampr.: cum alia regia et prope tyrannica faceret, Eutr. 6, 25.

* * *

dŏmĭnātus, ūs (dat. dominatu, Caes. ap. Gell. 4, 16, 8), m. [dominor], rule, command; esp. absolute rule, sovereignty, mastery, tyranny (good prose; most frequent in Cicero; for syn. v. dominatio).

Prop., Cic. Rep. 1, 27 (opp. libertas; cf.

opp. servitus,

id. Deiot. 11, 30); id. Tusc. 5, 20; id. Phil. 11, 14, 36; id. de Or. 2, 55, 225; id. Div. 1, 25, 53; id. Off. 2, 1, 2; Caes. B. C. 1, 4 fin. —In plur., Cic. Rep. 1, 39; Prud. Ham. 517.—

Transf.:

animi,

Cic. Rep. 1, 38; cf.

consilii,

id. ib.:

cupiditatum,

id. Par. 5, 3, 40:

omnium rerum (with principatus and potestas),

id. N. D. 2, 11; cf. id. Rep. 1, 17:

omnis terrenorum commodorum est in homine,

id. N. D. 2, 60 fin.

ē-rumpo, rūpi, ruptum, 3, v. a. and n.

Act., to cause to break or burst forth; to burst, sunder (rare; mostly ante-class.).

Lit.:

(brassica) tumida concoquit, eadem erumpit,

Cato, R. R. 157, 3:

ignes,

Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 6, 583; Cic. Arat. 111:

Achates et Aeneas erumpere nubem ardebant,

Verg. A. 1, 580:

cum sanguis eruptus est,

Scrib. Comp. 84: se erumpere, in the neuter signif., to break or burst forth, Lucr. 4, 1111; cf.:

portis se foras erumpunt,

Caes. B. C. 2, 14, 1:

et caput, unde altus primum se erumpit Enipeus,

Verg. G. 4, 368.—

Trop.:

gaudium,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 2:

ne in me stomachum erumpant, cum sint tibi irati,

Cic. Att. 16, 3, 1; Caes. B. C. 3, 8, 3; cf.:

iram in hostes,

Liv. 36, 7, 13: sic illi invidiosa conjunctio ad bellum se erupit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 2; Tib. 4, 1, 88.—Far more frequent and class.,

Neutr., to break out, to burst or sally forth.

Lit.

In gen.:

ex castris,

Caes. B. G. 3, 5 fin.; cf.:

ignes ex Aetnae vertice,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48; and:

ex stagno amnes,

Plin. 6, 22, 24, § 86:

tempestates,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 5, 2:

ne quo loco erumperent Pompeiani,

Caes. B. C. 3, 44, 4; cf.

portis,

Sall. J. 99, 1:

a porta,

Liv. 34, 26:

sive noctu, sive interdiu erumperent,

Caes. B. C. 1, 81, 2; so absol., Liv. 9, 37; 29, 33 al.; cf.:

abiit, excessit, evasit, erupit,

Cic. Cat. 2, 1:

per hostes,

to break through, Liv. 22, 50, 8; cf.:

inter tela hostium,

Sall. J. 101, 9:

ad Catilinam,

id. Cat. 43, 2; Curt. 6, 3, 5 et saep.—

In partic., to burst forth in growing, to shoot up, sprout out:

folium e latere,

Plin. 15, 14, 15, § 52:

lentor cortice,

id. 13, 6, 12, § 54:

hordeum,

id. 18, 7, 10, § 51:

dentes,

id. 11, 37, 64, § 170.—

Trop., to break out, to burst forth:

cum illa conjuratio ex latebris atque ex tenebris erupisset,

Cic. Sest. 4, 9:

si illustrantur, si erumpunt omnia?

are disclosed, Cic. Cat. 1, 3:

qui ex media (oratione) erumpit,

breaks away, digresses, Quint. 4, 3, 17:

risus quo pacto ita repente erumpat,

id. de Or. 2, 58, 235; cf.:

aliquando vera vox,

id. Phil. 10, 9, 19:

affectus,

Quint. 9, 3, 54; cf.

lacrimae,

id. 11, 3, 75:

verba vi quadam veritatis,

id. 9, 2, 76 et saep.:

furor,

Cic. Sull. 24; cf.:

curae privatae in certaminibus publicis erumpebant,

Liv. 7, 21:

seditio,

id. 28, 24, 12; Tac. H. 1, 26:

lumen dicendi per obstantia,

Quint. 12, 9, 5:

ut odia occulta civium in fortunas optimi cujusque erumperent,

Cic. Mur. 23, 47; cf. id. ib. 38, 81; id. Cat. 1, 13, 31; so, vitia in amicos, id. Lael [p. 659] 21:

iracundia in naves,

Caes. B. C. 3, 8, 3:

conspirationes in rempublicam,

Quint. 12, 7, 2 et saep.:

vereor ne istaec fortitudo in nervum erumpat,

i. e. may end in bringing you to the stocks, Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 11 Ruhnk.; cf.:

aliquid in omnium perniciem,

Liv. 34, 61:

omnia, quae per hoc triennium agitata sunt, in hos dies, in hos menses, in hoc tempus erumpunt,

Cic. Mur. 38:

elisa (vox) in illum sonum erumpit,

Quint. 11, 3, 51:

in aliquem voluptatis affectum,

id. 8, 3, 4; 11, 3, 51; Tac. A. 11, 35; cf.:

in omne genus crudelitatis,

Suet. Tib. 61; id. Cal. 6:

rem ad ultimum seditionis erupturam,

Liv. 2, 45; cf.:

ad majora vitia,

Suet. Ner. 27:

quorsus (dominatio) eruptura sit horremus,

Cic. Att. 2, 21; cf.:

huc ejus affectus, ut, etc.,

Quint. 9, 2, 64.

horrĕo, ui, ēre, v. n. and a. [for horseo, kindred to Sanscr. hrish, to stand erect, to bristle], to stand on end, stand erect, to bristle.

Lit. (for the most part only poet.;

not in Ciceron. prose): in corpore pili, ut arista in spica hordei, horrent,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 49 Müll.; cf.:

et setae densis similes hastilibus horrent,

Ov. M. 8, 285:

saepe horrere sacros doluit Latona capillos,

Tib. 2, 3, 23:

horrentibus per totum corpus villis,

Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 150:

horrentes barbae,

Petr. 99:

horrentibus scopulis gradum inferre,

Plin. Pan. 81, 1:

horrentes rubi,

Verg. G. 3, 315:

horrentibus hastis,

id. A. 10, 178:

horrebant densis aspera crura pilis,

Ov. F. 2, 348:

rigidis setis,

id. M. 13, 846:

horret capillis ut marinus asperis Echinus aut currens aper,

Hor. Epod. 5, 27:

pervigil ecce draco squamis crepitantibus horrens Sibilat,

Ov. H. 12, 101: densantur campis horrentia tela virorum, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 866 P. (Ann. v. 288 Vahl.); cf.: hastis longis campus splendet et horret, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4 (Sat. v. 15 Vahl.); imitated Verg. A. 11, 602 Serv.; Liv. 44, 41, 6: mare cum horret fluctibus, is ruffled, rough, Att. ap. Non. 422, 33:

duris cautibus horrens Caucasus,

Verg. A. 4, 366:

silvis horrentia saxa fragosis,

Ov. M. 4, 778. —

Transf.

To move in an unsteady, shaking manner.

In gen., to shake, tremble (very rare):

corpus ut impulsae segetes Aquilonibus horret,

Ov. H. 10, 139; cf. horresco.—

In partic.

To shake, shiver with cold, rigere ( poet. and very rare):

saepe etiam dominae, quamvis horrebis et ipse, Algentis manus est calfacienda sinu,

Ov. A. A. 2, 213:

horrenti tunicam non reddere servo,

Juv. 1, 93:

sola pruinosis horret facundia pannis,

Petr. 83.—

To tremble, shudder, quake with fright; more freq. as a verb. act., with an object, to shudder or be frightened at, to tremble at, be afraid of (the class. signif. of the word, equally freq. in prose and poetry; cf.: exsecror, abominor, aversor, abhorreo, odi, exhorresco).

Absol.:

totus, Parmeno, Tremo horreoque, postquam aspexi hanc,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4: Ph. Extimuit tum illa? Me. Horret corpus, cor salit, Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 9:

arrectis auribus horrent Quadrupedes monstrique metu turbantur,

Ov. M. 15, 516:

scilicet horreres majoraque monstra putares, si mulier vitulum ederet,

Juv. 2, 122.—

With acc.:

si qui imbecillius horrent dolorem et reformidant,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 85:

deorum (conscientiam) horrere,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 51:

judicium et crimen,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 29, § 74; cf.:

ingrati animi crimen,

id. Att. 9, 2, A, 2:

ipsam victoriam,

id. Fam. 7, 3, 2: Ariovisti crudelitatem, * Caes. B. G. 1, 32, 4:

nomen ipsum accusatoris,

Quint. 12, 7, 1:

fragilitatis humanae vires,

Plin. Pan. 27, 1:

pauperiem,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 9:

onus,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 39:

iratum mare,

id. Epod. 2, 6:

nutum divitis,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 11:

strictas secures trepida cervice,

Sil. 6, 695 et saep.:

te Negligit aut horret,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 64; cf.:

quem dives amicus odit et horret,

id. ib. 1, 18, 25:

horrent admotas vulnera cruda manus,

Ov. P. 1, 3, 16:

aciem ac tela horrere,

Liv. 21, 53, 2; Curt. 7, 8, 4; 9, 2, 33:

illam, quam laudibus effert, horrere,

to loathe, Juv. 6, 183. —

With an inf. or relat.-clause:

ego vestris armis armatus non horrui in hunc locum progredi,

Cic. Agr. 2, 37, 101:

horreo dicere,

Liv. 7, 40, 9:

horret animus referre,

id. 2, 37, 6; 28, 29, 4; Lact. 7, 15, 11; 6, 17, 7:

dominatio tanto in odio est omnibus, ut quorsus eruptura sit, horreamus,

Cic. Att. 2, 21, 1; 1, 27, 1:

quemadmodum accepturi sitis, horreo,

id. Phil. 7, 3, 8.—

With ne:

eo plus horreo, ne illae magis res nos ceperint, quam nos illas,

Liv. 34, 4, 3.—

To shudder with amazement, to be astonished, amazed (very rare):

quae mehercule ego, Crasse, cum tractantur in causis, horrere soleo,

Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 188:

animo horrere,

id. Dom. 55, 140:

cogitatione,

Curt. 9, 6, 12; cf. horrendus, 2.—

To be of a rough or frightful appearance; to look rough, look frightful; to be terrible, dreadful, horrid (rare; mostly poet.):

possetne uno tempore florere, deinde vicissim horrere terra,

Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 19: quaedam loca frigoribus hiemis intolerabiliter horrent, Col. 1, 4, 9; German. Progn. 2, 158; cf.: nec fera tempestas toto tamen horret in anno. Ov. F. 1, 495:

Phoebus,

Stat. Th. 4, 1.—

Trop.:

horrebant saevis omnia verba minis,

Ov. R. Am. 664.—Hence,

horrens, entis, P. a. (acc. to I.), bristly, shaggy, rough ( poet. and very rare):

horrens Arcadius sus,

Lucr. 5, 25:

horrentique atrum nemus imminet umbra,

Verg. A. 1, 165:

horrentes Marte Latinos,

id. ib. 10, 237:

horrensque feris altaribus Esus,

Luc. 1, 445.—

hor-rendus, a, um, P. a.

(Acc. to II. A. 2. b.) Dreadful, terrible, fearful, terrific, horrible (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

horrendum et dictu video mirabile monstrum,

Verg. A. 3, 26:

truces horrendaeque imagines,

Plin. Pan. 52, 5:

silva invia atque horrenda,

Liv. 9, 36, 1:

Roma,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 45:

rabies,

id. S. 2, 3, 323:

diluvies,

id. C. 4, 14, 27:

tempestas (with foeda),

Vell. 2, 100, 2:

nox,

Ov. F. 6, 140:

vox,

Val. Fl. 1, 210; cf.:

lex erat horrendi carminis,

Liv. 1, 26, 6:

juvenis Parthis horrendus,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 62:

pallor utrasque Fecerat horrendas aspectu,

id. ib. 1, 8, 26:

res horrenda relatu,

Ov. M. 15, 298:

horrendum dictu!

Verg. A. 4, 454.— Neutr. adv.:

belua Lernae Horrendum stridens,

Verg. A. 6, 288:

arma Horrendum sonuere,

id. ib. 9, 732;

12, 700: intonet horrendum,

Juv. 6, 485.— Plur.:

horrenda circumsonantibus Alemannis,

Amm. 27, 10, 10.—

In a good sense, wonderful, awful, venerable ( poet.):

horrenda virgo (Camilla),

Verg. A. 11, 507:

horrendae procul secreta Sibyllae,

id. ib. 6, 10:

tectum augustum, ingens... Horrendum silvis et religione parentum,

id. ib. 7, 172. — Adv.: horrendē, dreadfully, Vulg. Sap. 6, 5; 17, 3.

horrĕo, ui, ēre, v. n. and a. [for horseo, kindred to Sanscr. hrish, to stand erect, to bristle], to stand on end, stand erect, to bristle.

Lit. (for the most part only poet.;

not in Ciceron. prose): in corpore pili, ut arista in spica hordei, horrent,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 49 Müll.; cf.:

et setae densis similes hastilibus horrent,

Ov. M. 8, 285:

saepe horrere sacros doluit Latona capillos,

Tib. 2, 3, 23:

horrentibus per totum corpus villis,

Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 150:

horrentes barbae,

Petr. 99:

horrentibus scopulis gradum inferre,

Plin. Pan. 81, 1:

horrentes rubi,

Verg. G. 3, 315:

horrentibus hastis,

id. A. 10, 178:

horrebant densis aspera crura pilis,

Ov. F. 2, 348:

rigidis setis,

id. M. 13, 846:

horret capillis ut marinus asperis Echinus aut currens aper,

Hor. Epod. 5, 27:

pervigil ecce draco squamis crepitantibus horrens Sibilat,

Ov. H. 12, 101: densantur campis horrentia tela virorum, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 866 P. (Ann. v. 288 Vahl.); cf.: hastis longis campus splendet et horret, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4 (Sat. v. 15 Vahl.); imitated Verg. A. 11, 602 Serv.; Liv. 44, 41, 6: mare cum horret fluctibus, is ruffled, rough, Att. ap. Non. 422, 33:

duris cautibus horrens Caucasus,

Verg. A. 4, 366:

silvis horrentia saxa fragosis,

Ov. M. 4, 778. —

Transf.

To move in an unsteady, shaking manner.

In gen., to shake, tremble (very rare):

corpus ut impulsae segetes Aquilonibus horret,

Ov. H. 10, 139; cf. horresco.—

In partic.

To shake, shiver with cold, rigere ( poet. and very rare):

saepe etiam dominae, quamvis horrebis et ipse, Algentis manus est calfacienda sinu,

Ov. A. A. 2, 213:

horrenti tunicam non reddere servo,

Juv. 1, 93:

sola pruinosis horret facundia pannis,

Petr. 83.—

To tremble, shudder, quake with fright; more freq. as a verb. act., with an object, to shudder or be frightened at, to tremble at, be afraid of (the class. signif. of the word, equally freq. in prose and poetry; cf.: exsecror, abominor, aversor, abhorreo, odi, exhorresco).

Absol.:

totus, Parmeno, Tremo horreoque, postquam aspexi hanc,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4: Ph. Extimuit tum illa? Me. Horret corpus, cor salit, Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 9:

arrectis auribus horrent Quadrupedes monstrique metu turbantur,

Ov. M. 15, 516:

scilicet horreres majoraque monstra putares, si mulier vitulum ederet,

Juv. 2, 122.—

With acc.:

si qui imbecillius horrent dolorem et reformidant,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 85:

deorum (conscientiam) horrere,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 51:

judicium et crimen,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 29, § 74; cf.:

ingrati animi crimen,

id. Att. 9, 2, A, 2:

ipsam victoriam,

id. Fam. 7, 3, 2: Ariovisti crudelitatem, * Caes. B. G. 1, 32, 4:

nomen ipsum accusatoris,

Quint. 12, 7, 1:

fragilitatis humanae vires,

Plin. Pan. 27, 1:

pauperiem,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 9:

onus,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 39:

iratum mare,

id. Epod. 2, 6:

nutum divitis,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 11:

strictas secures trepida cervice,

Sil. 6, 695 et saep.:

te Negligit aut horret,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 64; cf.:

quem dives amicus odit et horret,

id. ib. 1, 18, 25:

horrent admotas vulnera cruda manus,

Ov. P. 1, 3, 16:

aciem ac tela horrere,

Liv. 21, 53, 2; Curt. 7, 8, 4; 9, 2, 33:

illam, quam laudibus effert, horrere,

to loathe, Juv. 6, 183. —

With an inf. or relat.-clause:

ego vestris armis armatus non horrui in hunc locum progredi,

Cic. Agr. 2, 37, 101:

horreo dicere,

Liv. 7, 40, 9:

horret animus referre,

id. 2, 37, 6; 28, 29, 4; Lact. 7, 15, 11; 6, 17, 7:

dominatio tanto in odio est omnibus, ut quorsus eruptura sit, horreamus,

Cic. Att. 2, 21, 1; 1, 27, 1:

quemadmodum accepturi sitis, horreo,

id. Phil. 7, 3, 8.—

With ne:

eo plus horreo, ne illae magis res nos ceperint, quam nos illas,

Liv. 34, 4, 3.—

To shudder with amazement, to be astonished, amazed (very rare):

quae mehercule ego, Crasse, cum tractantur in causis, horrere soleo,

Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 188:

animo horrere,

id. Dom. 55, 140:

cogitatione,

Curt. 9, 6, 12; cf. horrendus, 2.—

To be of a rough or frightful appearance; to look rough, look frightful; to be terrible, dreadful, horrid (rare; mostly poet.):

possetne uno tempore florere, deinde vicissim horrere terra,

Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 19: quaedam loca frigoribus hiemis intolerabiliter horrent, Col. 1, 4, 9; German. Progn. 2, 158; cf.: nec fera tempestas toto tamen horret in anno. Ov. F. 1, 495:

Phoebus,

Stat. Th. 4, 1.—

Trop.:

horrebant saevis omnia verba minis,

Ov. R. Am. 664.—Hence,

horrens, entis, P. a. (acc. to I.), bristly, shaggy, rough ( poet. and very rare):

horrens Arcadius sus,

Lucr. 5, 25:

horrentique atrum nemus imminet umbra,

Verg. A. 1, 165:

horrentes Marte Latinos,

id. ib. 10, 237:

horrensque feris altaribus Esus,

Luc. 1, 445.—

hor-rendus, a, um, P. a.

(Acc. to II. A. 2. b.) Dreadful, terrible, fearful, terrific, horrible (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

horrendum et dictu video mirabile monstrum,

Verg. A. 3, 26:

truces horrendaeque imagines,

Plin. Pan. 52, 5:

silva invia atque horrenda,

Liv. 9, 36, 1:

Roma,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 45:

rabies,

id. S. 2, 3, 323:

diluvies,

id. C. 4, 14, 27:

tempestas (with foeda),

Vell. 2, 100, 2:

nox,

Ov. F. 6, 140:

vox,

Val. Fl. 1, 210; cf.:

lex erat horrendi carminis,

Liv. 1, 26, 6:

juvenis Parthis horrendus,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 62:

pallor utrasque Fecerat horrendas aspectu,

id. ib. 1, 8, 26:

res horrenda relatu,

Ov. M. 15, 298:

horrendum dictu!

Verg. A. 4, 454.— Neutr. adv.:

belua Lernae Horrendum stridens,

Verg. A. 6, 288:

arma Horrendum sonuere,

id. ib. 9, 732;

12, 700: intonet horrendum,

Juv. 6, 485.— Plur.:

horrenda circumsonantibus Alemannis,

Amm. 27, 10, 10.—

In a good sense, wonderful, awful, venerable ( poet.):

horrenda virgo (Camilla),

Verg. A. 11, 507:

horrendae procul secreta Sibyllae,

id. ib. 6, 10:

tectum augustum, ingens... Horrendum silvis et religione parentum,

id. ib. 7, 172. — Adv.: horrendē, dreadfully, Vulg. Sap. 6, 5; 17, 3.

horrĕo, ui, ēre, v. n. and a. [for horseo, kindred to Sanscr. hrish, to stand erect, to bristle], to stand on end, stand erect, to bristle.

Lit. (for the most part only poet.;

not in Ciceron. prose): in corpore pili, ut arista in spica hordei, horrent,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 49 Müll.; cf.:

et setae densis similes hastilibus horrent,

Ov. M. 8, 285:

saepe horrere sacros doluit Latona capillos,

Tib. 2, 3, 23:

horrentibus per totum corpus villis,

Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 150:

horrentes barbae,

Petr. 99:

horrentibus scopulis gradum inferre,

Plin. Pan. 81, 1:

horrentes rubi,

Verg. G. 3, 315:

horrentibus hastis,

id. A. 10, 178:

horrebant densis aspera crura pilis,

Ov. F. 2, 348:

rigidis setis,

id. M. 13, 846:

horret capillis ut marinus asperis Echinus aut currens aper,

Hor. Epod. 5, 27:

pervigil ecce draco squamis crepitantibus horrens Sibilat,

Ov. H. 12, 101: densantur campis horrentia tela virorum, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 866 P. (Ann. v. 288 Vahl.); cf.: hastis longis campus splendet et horret, id. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4 (Sat. v. 15 Vahl.); imitated Verg. A. 11, 602 Serv.; Liv. 44, 41, 6: mare cum horret fluctibus, is ruffled, rough, Att. ap. Non. 422, 33:

duris cautibus horrens Caucasus,

Verg. A. 4, 366:

silvis horrentia saxa fragosis,

Ov. M. 4, 778. —

Transf.

To move in an unsteady, shaking manner.

In gen., to shake, tremble (very rare):

corpus ut impulsae segetes Aquilonibus horret,

Ov. H. 10, 139; cf. horresco.—

In partic.

To shake, shiver with cold, rigere ( poet. and very rare):

saepe etiam dominae, quamvis horrebis et ipse, Algentis manus est calfacienda sinu,

Ov. A. A. 2, 213:

horrenti tunicam non reddere servo,

Juv. 1, 93:

sola pruinosis horret facundia pannis,

Petr. 83.—

To tremble, shudder, quake with fright; more freq. as a verb. act., with an object, to shudder or be frightened at, to tremble at, be afraid of (the class. signif. of the word, equally freq. in prose and poetry; cf.: exsecror, abominor, aversor, abhorreo, odi, exhorresco).

Absol.:

totus, Parmeno, Tremo horreoque, postquam aspexi hanc,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4: Ph. Extimuit tum illa? Me. Horret corpus, cor salit, Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 9:

arrectis auribus horrent Quadrupedes monstrique metu turbantur,

Ov. M. 15, 516:

scilicet horreres majoraque monstra putares, si mulier vitulum ederet,

Juv. 2, 122.—

With acc.:

si qui imbecillius horrent dolorem et reformidant,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 85:

deorum (conscientiam) horrere,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 51:

judicium et crimen,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 29, § 74; cf.:

ingrati animi crimen,

id. Att. 9, 2, A, 2:

ipsam victoriam,

id. Fam. 7, 3, 2: Ariovisti crudelitatem, * Caes. B. G. 1, 32, 4:

nomen ipsum accusatoris,

Quint. 12, 7, 1:

fragilitatis humanae vires,

Plin. Pan. 27, 1:

pauperiem,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 9:

onus,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 39:

iratum mare,

id. Epod. 2, 6:

nutum divitis,

id. Ep. 1, 18, 11:

strictas secures trepida cervice,

Sil. 6, 695 et saep.:

te Negligit aut horret,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 64; cf.:

quem dives amicus odit et horret,

id. ib. 1, 18, 25:

horrent admotas vulnera cruda manus,

Ov. P. 1, 3, 16:

aciem ac tela horrere,

Liv. 21, 53, 2; Curt. 7, 8, 4; 9, 2, 33:

illam, quam laudibus effert, horrere,

to loathe, Juv. 6, 183. —

With an inf. or relat.-clause:

ego vestris armis armatus non horrui in hunc locum progredi,

Cic. Agr. 2, 37, 101:

horreo dicere,

Liv. 7, 40, 9:

horret animus referre,

id. 2, 37, 6; 28, 29, 4; Lact. 7, 15, 11; 6, 17, 7:

dominatio tanto in odio est omnibus, ut quorsus eruptura sit, horreamus,

Cic. Att. 2, 21, 1; 1, 27, 1:

quemadmodum accepturi sitis, horreo,

id. Phil. 7, 3, 8.—

With ne:

eo plus horreo, ne illae magis res nos ceperint, quam nos illas,

Liv. 34, 4, 3.—

To shudder with amazement, to be astonished, amazed (very rare):

quae mehercule ego, Crasse, cum tractantur in causis, horrere soleo,

Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 188:

animo horrere,

id. Dom. 55, 140:

cogitatione,

Curt. 9, 6, 12; cf. horrendus, 2.—

To be of a rough or frightful appearance; to look rough, look frightful; to be terrible, dreadful, horrid (rare; mostly poet.):

possetne uno tempore florere, deinde vicissim horrere terra,

Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 19: quaedam loca frigoribus hiemis intolerabiliter horrent, Col. 1, 4, 9; German. Progn. 2, 158; cf.: nec fera tempestas toto tamen horret in anno. Ov. F. 1, 495:

Phoebus,

Stat. Th. 4, 1.—

Trop.:

horrebant saevis omnia verba minis,

Ov. R. Am. 664.—Hence,

horrens, entis, P. a. (acc. to I.), bristly, shaggy, rough ( poet. and very rare):

horrens Arcadius sus,

Lucr. 5, 25:

horrentique atrum nemus imminet umbra,

Verg. A. 1, 165:

horrentes Marte Latinos,

id. ib. 10, 237:

horrensque feris altaribus Esus,

Luc. 1, 445.—

hor-rendus, a, um, P. a.

(Acc. to II. A. 2. b.) Dreadful, terrible, fearful, terrific, horrible (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

horrendum et dictu video mirabile monstrum,

Verg. A. 3, 26:

truces horrendaeque imagines,

Plin. Pan. 52, 5:

silva invia atque horrenda,

Liv. 9, 36, 1:

Roma,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 45:

rabies,

id. S. 2, 3, 323:

diluvies,

id. C. 4, 14, 27:

tempestas (with foeda),

Vell. 2, 100, 2:

nox,

Ov. F. 6, 140:

vox,

Val. Fl. 1, 210; cf.:

lex erat horrendi carminis,

Liv. 1, 26, 6:

juvenis Parthis horrendus,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 62:

pallor utrasque Fecerat horrendas aspectu,

id. ib. 1, 8, 26:

res horrenda relatu,

Ov. M. 15, 298:

horrendum dictu!

Verg. A. 4, 454.— Neutr. adv.:

belua Lernae Horrendum stridens,

Verg. A. 6, 288:

arma Horrendum sonuere,

id. ib. 9, 732;

12, 700: intonet horrendum,

Juv. 6, 485.— Plur.:

horrenda circumsonantibus Alemannis,

Amm. 27, 10, 10.—

In a good sense, wonderful, awful, venerable ( poet.):

horrenda virgo (Camilla),

Verg. A. 11, 507:

horrendae procul secreta Sibyllae,

id. ib. 6, 10:

tectum augustum, ingens... Horrendum silvis et religione parentum,

id. ib. 7, 172. — Adv.: horrendē, dreadfully, Vulg. Sap. 6, 5; 17, 3.

ignōmĭnĭōsus, a, um, adj. [ignominia], disgraceful, shameful, ignominious (not freq. till after the Aug. per.).

Of persons:

exsul eras, ignominiosus,

branded with public ignominy, Quint. 7, 1, 8:

filia,

Dig. 48, 5, 24; cf.:

quid eos qui huic ignominioso agmini fuere obvii, existimasse putatis,

Liv. 2, 38, 4:

quibusdam judiciis damnati ignominiosi fiunt, velut furti, vi bonorum raptorum, etc.,

Gai. Inst. 4, 182.— Hence, subst.: ignōmĭnĭōsus, i, m., a person branded with ignominy, one publicly disgraced:

nec concilium inire ignominioso fas,

Tac. G. 6; Quint. 3, 6, 75; 77; 7, 5, 3.—In plur.:

ignominiosis notas dempsit,

Suet. Vit. 8.—

Of inanim. and abstr. things:

ignominiosissimum caput,

Tert. Apol. 15: ignominiosa et flagitiosa dominatio, * Cic. Phil. 3, 14, 34:

fuga,

Liv. 3, 23, 5:

dicta (with immunda),

Hor. A. P. 247: missio, disgraceful dismissal (of a soldier), Dig. 49, 16, 3.— Adv.: ignōmĭnĭōsē, ignominiously, disgracefully:

pugnare,

Eutr. 4, 24; 26.— Comp.:

ab hominibus magis nullis ignominiosius eos tractari, quam a vobis,

Arn. 4, 147.— Sup.:

ignominiosissime fugere,

Oros. 7, 7 fin.

impĕtus ( inp-), ūs (dat. impetu, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 3; no gen. plur.; abl. impetibus, Lucr. 1, 293; v. also impes), m. [impeto], an attack, assault, onset (freq. and class.; in sing. and plur. equally common).

Lit.

In gen.:

incursio atque impetus armatorum,

Cic. Caecin. 15, 44:

gladiis destrictis in eos impetum fecerunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25, 2:

impetum facere in aliquem,

id. ib. 1, 46 fin.; Hirt. B. G. 8, 18, 4:

in agros,

Liv. 1, 5, 4:

ad regem,

id. 1, 5, 7; cf.:

in hostes,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22, 3:

dare impetum in aliquem,

Liv. 4, 28, 1; 2, 19, 7:

capere impetum in aliquem,

Plin. 9, 30, 48, § 91:

hostes impetu facto celeriter nostros perturbaverunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 12, 1:

oppidum magno impetu oppugnare,

id. ib. 2, 6:

primo hostium impetu pulsi,

id. ib. 2, 24, 1:

impetus gladiorum excipere,

id. ib. 1, 52, 4:

impetum sustinere,

id. ib. 3, 2, 4:

ferre impetum,

id. ib. 3, 19, 3:

fracto impetu levissimi hominis,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, b, 2:

impetum propulsare,

id. Mur. 1, 2:

nec primum quidem impetum, nec secundum, nec tertium, sustinere potuerunt,

Flor. 3, 3, 4; Liv. 33, 36, 11:

uno impetu,

Curt. 8, 14, 18; Lact. 3, 26, 10; 5, 4, 1:

coërcere,

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 180:

aquarum domare,

id. 31, 6, 31, § 58:

nec tantum (cupiditates) in alios caeco impetu incurrunt, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 1, 13, 44.— Poet.: biformato impetu Centaurus, with double - shaped attack, Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 8 fin.; v. biformatus.—

In partic.

In medic. lang., an attack of a disease, a fit, paroxysm:

febris,

Cels. 2, 15:

pituitae,

Plin. 28, 12, 50, § 183:

coeliacorum,

id. 20, 14, 53, § 148: oculorum, i. e. inflammation, id. 20, 3, 8, § 16:

thymum e vino tumores et impetus tollit,

id. 21, 21, 89, § 157; so absol., id. 22, 25, 58, § 122. —

In mechanics, the pressure of a load, Vitr. 6, 3.—

Transf., in gen. (without reference to an object), violent impulse, violent or rapid motion, impetus, impetuosity, violence, fury, vehemence, vigor, force.

Physical: labitur uncta carina, volat super impetus undas, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 379 Vahl.):

in magno impetu maris atque aperto,

Caes. B. G. 3, 8, 1:

Hebri,

Phaedr. 3, prol. 59:

impetus caeli,

i. e. rapid motion, Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 97; Lucr. 5, 200. — Hence also poet.: quieti corpus nocturno impetu Dedi, in the nocturnal revolution, i. e. in the night, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:

impetus ipse animaï Et fera vis venti,

Lucr. 6, 591; cf.:

tantos impetus ventorum sustinere,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13, 6.—

Mental, impulse, vehemence, ardor, passion, etc.

Sing.:

repentino quodam impetu animi incitatus,

internal pressure, impulse, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 49; cf.:

ut tota mente omnique animi impetu in rem publicam incumbas,

id. Fam. 10, 5, 2; id. Att. 11, 5, 1:

impetu magis quam consilio,

Liv. 42, 29, 11:

aliter in oratione nec impetus ullus nec vis esse potest,

Cic. Or. 68, 229; cf.:

ad omnem impetum dicendi,

id. Deiot. 2, 5:

actiones quae recitantur impetum omnem caloremque perdunt,

Plin. Ep. 2, 19, 2:

resumere impetum fractum omissumque,

id. ib. 7, 9, 6:

adulescens impetus ad bella maximi,

Vell. 2, 55, 2:

est prudentis, sustinere ut currum sic impetum benevolentiae,

Cic. Lael. 17, 63:

divinus impetus,

id. Div. 1, 49, 111:

si ex hoc impetu rerum nihil prolatando remittitur,

Liv. 37, 19, 5:

donec impetus famae et favor exercitus languesceret,

Tac. Agr. 39 fin.:

est mihi per saevas impetus ire feras,

I feel an impulse, Ov. H. 4, 38:

Bessus occidendi protinus regis impetum ceperat,

had formed a sudden purpose, Curt. 5, 12, 1:

statim moriendi impetum cepit,

Suet. Oth. 9.—

Prov.: Da spatium tenuemque moram, male cuncta ministrat impetus,

haste makes waste, Stat. Th. 10, 704 sq. —

Plur.:

animalia, quae habent suos impetus et rerum appetitus,

impulses, instincts, Cic. Off. 2, 3, 11:

an fortitudo, nisi insanire coeperit, impetus suos non habebit?

id. Tusc. 4, 22, 50:

temperantia est rationis in libidinem atque in alios non rectos impetus animi firma et moderata dominatio,

id. Inv. 2, 54, 164:

insanos atque indomitos impetus vulgi cohibere,

id. Rep. 1, 5.

impĕtus ( inp-), ūs (dat. impetu, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 3; no gen. plur.; abl. impetibus, Lucr. 1, 293; v. also impes), m. [impeto], an attack, assault, onset (freq. and class.; in sing. and plur. equally common).

Lit.

In gen.:

incursio atque impetus armatorum,

Cic. Caecin. 15, 44:

gladiis destrictis in eos impetum fecerunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25, 2:

impetum facere in aliquem,

id. ib. 1, 46 fin.; Hirt. B. G. 8, 18, 4:

in agros,

Liv. 1, 5, 4:

ad regem,

id. 1, 5, 7; cf.:

in hostes,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22, 3:

dare impetum in aliquem,

Liv. 4, 28, 1; 2, 19, 7:

capere impetum in aliquem,

Plin. 9, 30, 48, § 91:

hostes impetu facto celeriter nostros perturbaverunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 12, 1:

oppidum magno impetu oppugnare,

id. ib. 2, 6:

primo hostium impetu pulsi,

id. ib. 2, 24, 1:

impetus gladiorum excipere,

id. ib. 1, 52, 4:

impetum sustinere,

id. ib. 3, 2, 4:

ferre impetum,

id. ib. 3, 19, 3:

fracto impetu levissimi hominis,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, b, 2:

impetum propulsare,

id. Mur. 1, 2:

nec primum quidem impetum, nec secundum, nec tertium, sustinere potuerunt,

Flor. 3, 3, 4; Liv. 33, 36, 11:

uno impetu,

Curt. 8, 14, 18; Lact. 3, 26, 10; 5, 4, 1:

coërcere,

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 180:

aquarum domare,

id. 31, 6, 31, § 58:

nec tantum (cupiditates) in alios caeco impetu incurrunt, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 1, 13, 44.— Poet.: biformato impetu Centaurus, with double - shaped attack, Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 8 fin.; v. biformatus.—

In partic.

In medic. lang., an attack of a disease, a fit, paroxysm:

febris,

Cels. 2, 15:

pituitae,

Plin. 28, 12, 50, § 183:

coeliacorum,

id. 20, 14, 53, § 148: oculorum, i. e. inflammation, id. 20, 3, 8, § 16:

thymum e vino tumores et impetus tollit,

id. 21, 21, 89, § 157; so absol., id. 22, 25, 58, § 122. —

In mechanics, the pressure of a load, Vitr. 6, 3.—

Transf., in gen. (without reference to an object), violent impulse, violent or rapid motion, impetus, impetuosity, violence, fury, vehemence, vigor, force.

Physical: labitur uncta carina, volat super impetus undas, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 379 Vahl.):

in magno impetu maris atque aperto,

Caes. B. G. 3, 8, 1:

Hebri,

Phaedr. 3, prol. 59:

impetus caeli,

i. e. rapid motion, Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 97; Lucr. 5, 200. — Hence also poet.: quieti corpus nocturno impetu Dedi, in the nocturnal revolution, i. e. in the night, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:

impetus ipse animaï Et fera vis venti,

Lucr. 6, 591; cf.:

tantos impetus ventorum sustinere,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13, 6.—

Mental, impulse, vehemence, ardor, passion, etc.

Sing.:

repentino quodam impetu animi incitatus,

internal pressure, impulse, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 49; cf.:

ut tota mente omnique animi impetu in rem publicam incumbas,

id. Fam. 10, 5, 2; id. Att. 11, 5, 1:

impetu magis quam consilio,

Liv. 42, 29, 11:

aliter in oratione nec impetus ullus nec vis esse potest,

Cic. Or. 68, 229; cf.:

ad omnem impetum dicendi,

id. Deiot. 2, 5:

actiones quae recitantur impetum omnem caloremque perdunt,

Plin. Ep. 2, 19, 2:

resumere impetum fractum omissumque,

id. ib. 7, 9, 6:

adulescens impetus ad bella maximi,

Vell. 2, 55, 2:

est prudentis, sustinere ut currum sic impetum benevolentiae,

Cic. Lael. 17, 63:

divinus impetus,

id. Div. 1, 49, 111:

si ex hoc impetu rerum nihil prolatando remittitur,

Liv. 37, 19, 5:

donec impetus famae et favor exercitus languesceret,

Tac. Agr. 39 fin.:

est mihi per saevas impetus ire feras,

I feel an impulse, Ov. H. 4, 38:

Bessus occidendi protinus regis impetum ceperat,

had formed a sudden purpose, Curt. 5, 12, 1:

statim moriendi impetum cepit,

Suet. Oth. 9.—

Prov.: Da spatium tenuemque moram, male cuncta ministrat impetus,

haste makes waste, Stat. Th. 10, 704 sq. —

Plur.:

animalia, quae habent suos impetus et rerum appetitus,

impulses, instincts, Cic. Off. 2, 3, 11:

an fortitudo, nisi insanire coeperit, impetus suos non habebit?

id. Tusc. 4, 22, 50:

temperantia est rationis in libidinem atque in alios non rectos impetus animi firma et moderata dominatio,

id. Inv. 2, 54, 164:

insanos atque indomitos impetus vulgi cohibere,

id. Rep. 1, 5.

prae-rumpo, rūpi, ruptum, 3, v. a., to break or tear off before or in front (class.):

retinacula classis,

Ov. M. 14, 547:

funes praerumpebantur,

were broken off, Caes. B. G. 3, 14:

uncus praerumpitur,

Col. 3, 18, 2. —

Trop., to wrench, tear to pieces (late Lat.):

purgativa medicamina praerumpunt corpora,

Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 21, 128.—Hence, prae-ruptus, a, um, P. a., broken or torn off; hence, of places, steep, abrupt, rugged (syn.: abscisus, abruptus).

Lit.:

saxa,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 56, § 145:

loca,

Caes. B. G. 7, 86:

praeruptum atque asperum jugum,

id. B. C. 2, 24:

praeruptum undique oppidum,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 40:

praeruptus et difficilis descensus,

id. ib.:

nemus,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 91:

mons,

Verg. A. 1, 105:

rupes,

Suet. Tib. 40:

fossae,

Tac. H. 2, 41.— Absol.: praerupta, ōrum, n., steep or rugged places:

praerupta collium,

Just. 41, 1, 11:

petere,

Plin. 8, 42, 64, § 156.—In sing.:

ad praeruptum petrae,

Vulg. 2 Par. 25, 12.— Comp.:

praeruptior collis,

Col. 3, 13.— Sup.:

omnes oppidi partes praeruptissimis saxis munitae,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 33.—

Trop., hasty, rash, precipitate (post-Aug.).

Of persons:

juvenis animo praeruptus,

Tac. A. 16, 7.—

Of things:

praerupta audacia, tanta temeritas ut non procul abhorreat ab insaniā,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 24, 68:

dominatio,

hard, stern, Tac. A. 5, 3:

praeruptum atque anceps periculum,

critical, extreme, Vell. 2, 2, 3:

seditio,

dangerous, Dig. 28, 3, 6.—Hence, praerūpium, ii, n. [prae - rupes], the rocky wall, line, or wall of rocks (late Lat.):

fluminis,

App. Mag. 8, p. 278 med. (dub.; al. praeripia, q. v.); Serv. Verg. A. 6, 704; sing., Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 38.