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  • 81 correspondiente

    adj.
    1 corresponding (perteneciente, relativo).
    trajo todos los documentos correspondientes al tema he brought all the documents relevant to the subject
    2 respective (respectivo).
    cada uno tomó su parte correspondiente each person took their own share
    f. & m.
    1 correspondent item.
    2 correspondent, corporate member operating at a distance, correspondent member, correspondent member of a corporation.
    * * *
    1 (que corresponde) corresponding (a, to)
    2 (apropiado) suitable, appropriate
    4 (miembro) correspondent
    * * *
    adj.
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=apropiado) appropriate
    2)

    correspondiente a: los datos correspondientes al año anterior — the figures for the previous year

    en el número correspondiente al 15 de agosto pasado, la revista... — in its issue of 15 August, the magazine...

    3) (=respectivo) respective

    dos épocas distintas, con sus correspondientes conflictos ideológicos — two different eras, with their respective ideological conflicts

    2.
    SMF [de academia] corresponding member
    * * *

    correspondiente a algo: los números correspondientes a cada página the numbers corresponding to each page; los resultados correspondientes al año pasado last year's results; las cifras correspondientes al mes de abril — the figures for the month of April

    * * *
    Ex. If any one of these numbers is set to zero, the corresponding action is not performed.
    * * *

    correspondiente a algo: los números correspondientes a cada página the numbers corresponding to each page; los resultados correspondientes al año pasado last year's results; las cifras correspondientes al mes de abril — the figures for the month of April

    * * *

    Ex: If any one of these numbers is set to zero, the corresponding action is not performed.

    * * *
    la etiqueta correspondiente the respective o corresponding o relevant label
    al enterarme me llevé el correspondiente disgusto naturally I was upset when I found out o when I found out I was upset, as you would expect
    haga la solicitud rellenando el impreso correspondiente to apply, complete the relevant form
    correspondiente A algo:
    éstas son las cifras correspondientes al mes de abril these are the figures for the month of April
    * * *

     

    correspondiente adjetivo


    los números correspondientes a cada página the numbers corresponding to each page
    b) ( propio) own;




    correspondiente adjetivo corresponding [a, to]
    ' correspondiente' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    distribuir
    - toda
    - todo
    - estar
    - respectivo
    English:
    share
    - tick
    * * *
    1. [perteneciente, relativo] corresponding (a to);
    trajo todos los documentos correspondientes al tema he brought all the documents relevant to the subject;
    2. [respectivo] respective;
    cada uno tomó su parte correspondiente each person took their own share;
    3. [lógico]
    llegó tarde, con el correspondiente disgusto de sus padres he arrived late, to the understandable annoyance of his parents;
    obtuvo el premio, con la correspondiente alegría de sus amigos she won the prize, much to the delight of her friends;
    reaccionó con el correspondiente enfado unsurprisingly, he reacted angrily
    * * *
    adj corresponding
    * * *
    : corresponding, respective

    Spanish-English dictionary > correspondiente

  • 82 Lawes, Sir John Bennet

    [br]
    b. 28 December 1814 Rothamsted, Hertfordshire, England
    d. 31 August 1900 Rothamsted, Hertfordshire, England
    [br]
    English scientific agriculturalist.
    [br]
    Lawes's education at Eton and Oxford did little to inform his early taste for chemistry, which he developed largely on his own. By the age of 20 he had fitted up the best bedroom in his house as a fully equipped chemical laboratory. His first interest was in the making of drugs; it was said that he knew the Pharmacopoeia, by heart. He did, however, receive some instruction from Anthony Todd Thomson of University College, London. His father having died in 1822, Lawes entered into possession of the Rothamsted estate when he came of age in 1834. He began experiments with plants with uses as drugs, but following an observation by a neighbouring farmer of the effect of bones on the growth of certain crops Lawes turned to experiments with bones dissolved in sulphuric acid on his turnip crop. The results were so promising that he took out a patent in 1842 for converting mineral and fossil phosphates into a powerful manure by the action of sulphuric acid. The manufacture of these superphosphates became a major industry of tremendous benefit to agriculture. Lawes himself set up a factory at Deptford in 1842 and a larger one in 1857 at Barking Creek, both near London. The profits from these and other chemical manufacturing concerns earned Lawes profits which funded his experimental work at Rothamsted. In 1843, Lawes set up the world's first agricultural experiment station. Later in the same year he was joined by Joseph Henry Gilbert, and together they carried out a considerable number of experiments of great benefit to agriculture, many of the results of which were published in the leading scientific journals of the day, including the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. In all, 132 papers were published, most of them jointly with Gilbert. A main theme of the work on plants was the effect of various chemical fertilizers on the growth of different crops, compared with the effects of farm manure and of no treatment at all. On animal rearing, they studied particularly the economical feeding of animals.
    The work at Rothamsted soon brought Lawes into prominence; he joined the Royal Agricultural Society in 1846 and became a member of its governing body two years later, a position he retained for over fifty years. Numerous distinctions followed and Rothamsted became a place of pilgrimage for people from many parts of the world who were concerned with the application of science to agriculture. Rothamsted's jubilee in 1893 was marked by a public commemoration headed by the Prince of Wales.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Baronet 1882. FRS 1854. Royal Society Royal Medal (jointly with Gilbert) 1867.
    Further Reading
    Memoir with portrait published in J. Roy. Agric. Soc. Memoranda of the origin, plan and results of the field and other experiments at Rothamsted, issued annually by the Lawes Agricultural Trust Committee, with a list of Lawes's scientific papers.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Lawes, Sir John Bennet

  • 83 зрение

    sight, view
    • Будем придерживаться наивной точки зрения и предположим, что... - We adopt a naive point of view and assume that...
    • Будет полезно рассмотреть эту ситуацию с более общей точки зрения. - It will be useful to consider this situation more generally.
    • В соответствии с этой точкой зрения,... - According to this view,...
    • Действительно, с этой точки зрения не является необходимым... - In fact, from this point of view it is not necessary to...
    • Другой точки зрения придерживался Джонс [1], который... - A different view was held by Jones [1], who...
    • Его лекция дала слушателям новую точку зрения на... - His lecture provided listeners with a new viewpoint on...
    • Изменение точки зрения необходимо (здесь) с целью... - A shift in perspective is needed in order to...
    • Когда мы принимаем эту точку зрения, мы... - When we adopt this point of view, we...
    • Можно также принять другую точку зрения и... - One can also take a different point of view and...
    • Мы могли бы взглянуть на данный результат с другой точки зрения. - We may look at this result in another way.
    • Мы можем взглянуть на эту ситуацию с более общей точки зрения следующим образом. - We can look at this situation in general terms as follows.
    • Мы принимаем ту точку зрения, что... - We are adopting the point of view that...
    • Мы хотим взглянуть на этот результат с несколько иной точки зрения. - We want to look at this result from a slightly different point of view.
    • Некоторые физики могли бы принять точку зрения, что... - Some physicists would take the view that...
    • Обе точки зрения являются законными. - Both viewpoints are legitimate.
    • Подтверждение этой точки зрения (= такого понимания) вытекает из того факта, что... - Confirmation of this view is found in the fact that...
    • Поучительно рассмотреть эти результаты с точки зрения... - It is instructive to consider these results from the standpoint of...
    • Принимая инженерную точку зрения (= позицию), мы... - Adopting the attitude of the engineer, let us...
    • Распространенной точкой зрения среди ученых является то, что... - A common view among scientists is that...
    • С практической точки зрения, лучше всего (сделать и т. п.)... - For practical purposes it is best to...
    • С чисто логической точки зрения могло бы быть подходящим... - Purely from a logical point of view it might be appropriate to...
    • Эта точка зрения была интенсивно использована Смитом [1]. - This viewpoint has been used extensively by Smith [1].
    • Эта точка зрения подкрепляется (данными и т. п.)... - This viewpoint is strengthened by...
    • Эти две точки зрения будут кратко обсуждаться ниже. - These two viewpoints will be discussed briefly below.

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > зрение

  • 84 точка

    point, place, spot, dot, period
    • После сокращений слов ставится т, очка: Dr., Mrs., Ph. D., Sat., U. S. A.
    • Будем придерживаться наивной точки зрения и предположим, что... - We adopt a naive point of view and assume that...
    • Будет полезно рассмотреть эту ситуацию с более общей точки зрения. - It will be useful to consider this situation more generally.
    • В качестве стандартной отправной точки следует брать... - The usual starting point is to take...
    • В противоположность этому Смит [1] придерживался точки зрения, что... - In opposition to this, Smith [1] held that...
    • В соответствии с этой точкой зрения,... - According to this view,...
    • В этой точке зрения что-то есть. - There is something to this viewpoint.
    • Действительно, с этой точки зрения не является необходимым... - In fact, from this point of view it is not necessary to...
    • Другой точки зрения придерживался Джонс [1], который... - A different view was held by Jones [1], who...
    • Его лекция принесла слушателям новую точку зрения на... - His lecture provided listeners with a new viewpoint on...
    • Изменение точки зрения необходимо (здесь) с целью... - A shift in perspective is needed in order to...
    • Когда мы принимаем эту точку зрения, мы... - When we adopt this point of view, we...
    • Можно также принять другую точку зрения и... - One can also take a different point of view and...
    • Мы могли бы взглянуть на данный результат с другой точки зрения. - We may look at this result in another way.
    • Мы можем взглянуть на эту ситуацию с более общей точки зрения следующим образом. - We can look at this situation in general terms as follows.
    • Мы принимаем ту точку зрения, что... - We are adopting the point of view that...
    • Мы хотим взглянуть на этот результат с несколько иной точки зрения. - We want to look at this result from a slightly different point of view.
    • Некоторые физики могли бы принять точку зрения, что... - Some physicists would take the view that...
    • Обе точки зрения являются законными. - Both viewpoints are legitimate.
    • Подтверждение данной точки зрения вытекает из того факта, что... - Confirmation of this view is found in the fact that...
    • Поучительно рассмотреть эти результаты с точки зрения... - It is instructive to consider these results from the standpoint of...
    • При выводе большинства этих свойств отправной точкой служит наблюдение, что... - In establishing most of these properties the starting point is the observation that...
    • Принимая инженерную точку зрения, мы... - Adopting the attitude of the engineer, let us...
    • Принимая эту точку зрения, мы видим, что... - Adopting this point of view, we see that...
    • Пусть х некоторая точка на поверхности S. - Let х be a point on the surface S.
    • Распространенной точкой зрения среди ученых является то, что... - A common view among scientists is that...
    • Рассмотрим эту теорему с точки зрения геометрии. - Let us consider this theorem geometrically.
    • С практической точки зрения лучше всего (сделать и т. п.)... - For practical purposes it is best to...
    • С чисто логической точки зрения могло бы быть подходящим... - Purely from a logical point of view it might be appropriate to...
    • Эта точка зрения была интенсивно использована Смитом [1]. - This viewpoint has been used extensively by Smith [1].
    • Эта точка зрения подкрепляется (данными и т. п.)... - This viewpoint is strengthened by...
    • Эти две точки зрения будут кратко обсуждаться ниже. - These two viewpoints will be discussed briefly below.
    • Эти точки на графике получаются решением... - The points are obtained by solving Eqs. (2.6), (2.8) simultaneously with (2.10).

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > точка

  • 85 bailar

    v.
    1 to dance.
    bailar una rumba to dance a rumba
    es difícil bailar esta música it's difficult to dance to this music
    ¿bailas? would you like to dance?
    sacar a alguien a bailar to ask somebody to dance o for a dance
    es otro que tal baila (informal figurative) he's just the same, he's no different
    María ascendió a la cima Mary climbed to the top.
    2 to be loose.
    le baila un diente he has a loose tooth
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ AISLAR], like link=aislar aislar
    1 to dance
    2 (hacer girar) to spin
    1 to dance
    ■ ¿bailas? do you want to dance?, would you like to dance?
    2 (girar) to spin
    3 (ser grande) to be too big
    4 (moverse; cosa) to wobble; (persona) to move about, fidget
    5 (estar suelto) to be loose
    \
    bailar al son que le tocan to swim with the tide
    ir a bailar to go dancing
    otro,-a que tal baila he's (she's) no different
    que me (te, le, etc) quiten lo bailado they can't take the memories away from me (you, him, her, etc)
    sacar a alguien a bailar to ask somebody to dance
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VI
    1) (=danzar) to dance

    sacar a algn a bailar — to ask sb to dance, ask sb for a dance

    - ¡que me quiten lo bailado o bailao!

    bailar con la más fea —

    bailar al son que tocan —

    2) [peonza] to spin (round)
    3) [mueble] to be wobbly, be unsteady
    4) * [ropa, calzado] to be miles too big *
    2. VT
    1) (=danzar) to dance

    bailar el vals — to waltz, dance the waltz

    2) [+ peonza] to spin
    3) LAm
    * (=timar)
    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1) (Mús) to dance

    que me quiten lo bailado! — (fam) I'm going to enjoy myself while I can

    2) trompo/peonza to spin
    3) (fam) ( estar flojo) (+ me/te/le etc)
    4) (Méx fam)

    andar/quedar/estar bailando — dinero to be unaccounted for; asunto to be up in the air

    2.
    bailar vt
    1) (Mús) to dance
    2) (Méx fam) (quitar, robar) to swipe (colloq), to pinch (BrE colloq)
    3.
    bailarse v pron (Méx fam)
    * * *
    = execute + Baile, dance, trip the light fantastic, hoof, shake + a leg.
    Ex. Melanie Stanton broke into a gentle laugh as he recalled him executing a shuffling fandango and announcing mischievously, 'Women in the SLA, get ready, here I come!'.
    Ex. I am too old any longer to play games or dance; my social life is restricted; and I cannot, as I used, take much interest in the future of the world, for I shan't live long enough to see what is going to happen in it.
    Ex. The article is entitled ' Tripping the Light Fantastic with Theodore de Banville'.
    Ex. Another comedy sketch consists of a routine in which a dancer, invisible except for white hat, gloves and shoes, hoofs merrily until suffering a fatal seizure.
    Ex. Small wonder then that western dance classes in the city are brimming with corporates learning to shake a leg and get rid of accumulated stress.
    ----
    * bailar el swing = jive.
    * bailar jazz = jive.
    * bailar la danza del vientre = belly-dance.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    1) (Mús) to dance

    que me quiten lo bailado! — (fam) I'm going to enjoy myself while I can

    2) trompo/peonza to spin
    3) (fam) ( estar flojo) (+ me/te/le etc)
    4) (Méx fam)

    andar/quedar/estar bailando — dinero to be unaccounted for; asunto to be up in the air

    2.
    bailar vt
    1) (Mús) to dance
    2) (Méx fam) (quitar, robar) to swipe (colloq), to pinch (BrE colloq)
    3.
    bailarse v pron (Méx fam)
    * * *
    = execute + Baile, dance, trip the light fantastic, hoof, shake + a leg.

    Ex: Melanie Stanton broke into a gentle laugh as he recalled him executing a shuffling fandango and announcing mischievously, 'Women in the SLA, get ready, here I come!'.

    Ex: I am too old any longer to play games or dance; my social life is restricted; and I cannot, as I used, take much interest in the future of the world, for I shan't live long enough to see what is going to happen in it.
    Ex: The article is entitled ' Tripping the Light Fantastic with Theodore de Banville'.
    Ex: Another comedy sketch consists of a routine in which a dancer, invisible except for white hat, gloves and shoes, hoofs merrily until suffering a fatal seizure.
    Ex: Small wonder then that western dance classes in the city are brimming with corporates learning to shake a leg and get rid of accumulated stress.
    * bailar el swing = jive.
    * bailar jazz = jive.
    * bailar la danza del vientre = belly-dance.

    * * *
    bailar [A1 ]
    vi
    A ( Mús) to dance
    salir a bailar to go out dancing
    la sacó a bailar he asked her to dance
    ¿bailas? or ¿quieres bailar? do you want o would you like to dance?
    bailar suelto to dance (without holding on to one's partner, as at a discotheque)
    otro que tal baila ( fam); another one who's just as bad
    ¡que me quiten lo bailado or bailao! ( fam); I'm going to enjoy myself while I can
    feo1 (↑ feo (1))
    B «trompo/peonza» to spin
    C ( fam) (estar flojo) (+ me/te/le etc):
    tus zapatos me quedan bailando your shoes are miles too big for me ( colloq)
    D
    ( Méx fam): andar/quedar/estar bailando «dinero» to be unaccounted for
    mientras tanto la firma del contrato queda bailando meanwhile the contract is still up in the air
    ■ bailar
    vt
    A ( Mús) to dance
    bailar un tango/vals to tango/waltz, to dance a tango/waltz
    B ( Méx fam) (quitar, robar) to swipe ( colloq), to pinch ( BrE colloq)
    me bailaron dos mil pesos I had two thousand pesos pinched
    ( Méx fam): se los bailaron en tres sets they were thrashed in three sets
    * * *

     

    bailar ( conjugate bailar) verbo intransitivo
    1 (Mús) to dance;

    la sacó a bailar he asked her to dance
    2 [trompo/peonza] to spin
    3 (fam) ( quedar grande) (+ me/te/le etc):

    verbo transitivo
    to dance;

    bailar
    I verbo transitivo & verbo intransitivo
    1 to dance: no le gusta bailar, she doesn't like to dance
    II verbo intransitivo
    1 (moverse, no encajar bien) to move, to wobble: esta mesa baila mucho, this table wobbles a lot
    ♦ Locuciones: baila al son que le tocan, she always goes with the flow o she always adapts to the circumstances
    fig fam otro que tal baila, he's just as bad
    familiar ¡que nos quiten lo bailado!, nobody can take away the good times we've had!
    bailarle el agua a alguien, to flatter o to suck up to someone: siempre le está bailando el agua al jefe, he's always sucking up to his boss

    ' bailar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    A
    - cojear
    - dejar
    - encasquetar
    - hartarse
    - hincharse
    - inflarse
    - poema
    - quebrar
    - sacar
    - son
    - sosaina
    - agarrado
    - claqué
    - danzar
    - gracia
    - lindo
    - paso
    - público
    - tango
    - vals
    English:
    also
    - boogie
    - dance
    - fox trot
    - intro
    - sit out
    - straw
    - study
    - tap dance
    - tight
    - waltz
    - as
    - like
    - mood
    - partner
    - perform
    - sit
    - wall
    - whom
    - wobble
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [música] to dance;
    bailar una rumba to dance a rumba;
    es difícil bailar esta música it's difficult to dance to this music;
    Fam
    que me quiten lo bailado: aunque nos pusimos perdidos, que nos quiten lo baila(d)o even though we got lost, it didn't spoil our enjoyment
    2. [peonza] to spin
    ♦ vi
    1. [danzar] to dance;
    ¿bailas? would you like to dance?;
    bailar agarrado to dance cheek to cheek;
    sacar a alguien a bailar [bailar] to dance with sb;
    [pedir] to ask sb to dance o for a dance; Fam
    es otro que tal baila he's just the same, he's no different;
    el padre era un mujeriego y el hijo es otro que tal baila the father was a womanizer and his son's a chip off the old block;
    bailar con la más fea: siempre me toca a mí bailar con la más fea I always seem to get the short straw;
    bailar al son que tocan: ése baila al son que le tocan los de arriba he does whatever his bosses tell him to do
    2. [no encajar] to be loose;
    le baila un diente he has a loose tooth;
    esta falda me baila this skirt is loose on me o too big for me
    3. [peonza] to spin
    4. [variar] [cifras] to fluctuate;
    los resultados de las encuestas bailan entre el 5 y el 15 por ciento the results of the polls range from 5 to 15 percent
    * * *
    I v/i
    1 dance;
    bailar con la más fea draw the short straw
    2 de zapato be loose
    II v/t dance;
    se lo bailó Méx fam he swiped it fam ;
    bailarle a alguien el agua suck up to s.o.;
    ¡que me quiten lo bailado! nobody can take away the good times I’ve had
    * * *
    bailar vt
    : to dance
    bailar vi
    1) : to dance
    2) : to spin
    3) : to be loose, to be too big
    * * *
    bailar vb to dance
    bailamos un vals we danced a waltz / we waltzed

    Spanish-English dictionary > bailar

  • 86 nota

    intj.
    note.
    f.
    1 note (apunte).
    nota bene nota bene, N.B.
    nota al margen marginal note
    nota necrológica obituary notice
    notas de sociedad society column
    2 note (Music).
    nota falsa false note
    3 mark (British), grade (United States) (evaluation).
    sacar o tener buenas notas to get good marks
    nota de corte = minimum marks for entry into university
    4 bill (cuenta).
    nota de gastos expenses claim
    5 grade, marking, score, note.
    6 annotation, note.
    7 musical note, note, pitch.
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: notar.
    imperat.
    2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: notar.
    * * *
    2 (calificación) mark, grade; (calificación alta) high mark
    3 (cuenta) bill
    ■ ¿nos trae la nota por favor? could you bring us the bill please?
    5 MÚSICA note
    1 argot (tipo) bloke
    \
    dar la nota familiar to draw attention to oneself
    sacar buenas notas to get good marks
    tomar nota de algo (apuntar) to note something down 2 (fijarse) to take note of something
    * * *
    noun f.
    1) note
    2) grade, mark
    * * *
    1. SF
    1) (=mensaje corto) note; (Admin) memo

    nota de inhabilitación — (Aut) endorsement ( on licence)

    2) (=apunte) note

    tomar (buena) nota (de algo) — [fijarse] to take (good) note (of sth)

    3) (=comentario) note

    texto con notas de... — text edited with notes by..., text annotated by...

    4) (Escol) mark, grade (EEUU)

    ir para o a por nota — * to go o aim for a high mark

    ¿ya te han dado las notas? — have you had your report yet?

    5) (Mús) note

    dar la nota — (lit) to give the keynote; (fig) to get oneself noticed, act up

    nota discordante — (lit) discordant note, discord

    nota dominante — (lit) dominant note; (fig) dominant feature o element

    6) (=adorno, detalle)
    7) (Prensa) note
    8)

    digno de nota — (=notable) notable, worthy of note

    9) (Com) (=recibo) receipt; (=vale) IOU; Méx (=cuenta) bill

    nota de cargo, nota de débito — debit note

    10) † (=reputación) reputation

    de nota — of note, famous

    11) LAm ** effects pl of drugs
    2.
    SM pl notas ** (=tío) bloke **, dude (EEUU) **
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( apunte) note

    tomar nota de algo — ( apuntar) to make a note of something; ( fijarse) to take note of something

    b) ( acotación) note
    2)
    a) ( mensaje) note

    y ahora, la nota deportiva... — and now the sports roundup...

    3) (Educ) ( calificación) grade (AmE), mark (BrE)
    4)
    a) ( rasgo)
    b) ( detalle) touch
    5) (Mús) note

    dar la nota — (fam) to stand out; ( por algo censurable) to make a spectacle of oneself

    ser la nota discordante — to strike a sour note

    6) ( en restaurante) check (AmE), bill (BrE); ( en tienda) (Ur) receipt
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( apunte) note

    tomar nota de algo — ( apuntar) to make a note of something; ( fijarse) to take note of something

    b) ( acotación) note
    2)
    a) ( mensaje) note

    y ahora, la nota deportiva... — and now the sports roundup...

    3) (Educ) ( calificación) grade (AmE), mark (BrE)
    4)
    a) ( rasgo)
    b) ( detalle) touch
    5) (Mús) note

    dar la nota — (fam) to stand out; ( por algo censurable) to make a spectacle of oneself

    ser la nota discordante — to strike a sour note

    6) ( en restaurante) check (AmE), bill (BrE); ( en tienda) (Ur) receipt
    * * *
    nota1
    1 = note, notice, notification, N.B. (latín - nota bene), cover note, written note.

    Ex: An annotation is a note added to the title and/or other bibliographic information concerning a document, by way of comment or explanation.

    Ex: Notices may be useful in this context for the user who wishes to familiarise himself with the workings of the catalogue before approaching a terminal.
    Ex: The search profile will only be modified periodically as the quality of the set of notifications output from the search drops to unacceptable levels.
    Ex: (N.B. Neither this nor the LC service give any assistance in the making of a subject index for a classified catalogue).
    Ex: The video collection of operas and ballets is accessible by language of text, author of libretto/lyrics, author and language of cover notes as well as the more usual entry points.
    Ex: Sometimes it is wise for the rater to base judgment on written notes or a diary kept over a period of time.
    * acabar con una nota de optimismo = end + Nombre + on a high (note).
    * área de notas = note area.
    * bloc de notas = notebook.
    * bloque funcional de notas = notes block.
    * campo de notas = notes field.
    * como nota al margen = on a sidenote.
    * comparar notas = compare + notes.
    * con notas a pie de página = footnoted.
    * cuaderno de notas = note book.
    * fijar una nota en un sitio público = post.
    * hacer una nota mental = make + note + in + Posesivo + mind.
    * libro de notas = mark book.
    * nota aclaratoria = cover note.
    * nota al final = endnote.
    * nota al final del texto = endnote.
    * nota al margen = sidenote [side-note].
    * nota analítica = analytical note.
    * nota a pie de página = footnote.
    * nota de abono = debit note.
    * nota de advertencia = warning label.
    * nota de agradecimiento = note of thanks, thank-you note.
    * nota de alcance = scope note (SN).
    * nota de cargo = credit note.
    * nota de edición = edition note.
    * nota de pago = promissory note.
    * nota de prensa = press release, press statement.
    * nota de rescate = ransom note.
    * nota de suicida = suicide note.
    * nota de ubicación y existencias = holdings note.
    * nota enmarcada en un recuadro = sidebar.
    * nota explicativa = cover note.
    * nota informativa = information note, information notice.
    * nota introductoria = background note.
    * nota marginal = marginal note.
    * nota musical = note.
    * nota necrológica = obituary.
    * nota oficial = official notification.
    * nota posterior = postscript.
    * notas de conferencias = lecture notes.
    * notas de contenido = contents notes.
    * notas de discurso = speaking notes.
    * pantalla resumen de notas = note summary screen.
    * pegar una nota en un sitio público = post.
    * poner una nota en un sitio público = post.
    * terminar con una nota de optimismo = end + Nombre + on a high (note).
    * toma de notas = note-taking.
    * tomar nota = make + a note, take + note.
    * tomar nota de = note.

    nota2
    2 = grade, mark.

    Ex: The public library's sole reason for being is to help people get along in the world, to help school children get better grades, to help preachers write better sermons that will keep the congregation awake, to help newspapermen find facts.

    Ex: The author assesses six Web sites giving marks out of ten for ease of use and navigation.
    * bajarle la nota a Alguien = mark + Nombre + down.
    * estudiante con buenas notas = high achiever.
    * nota del curso = course grade.
    * nota media = grade point average (GPA).
    * perder nota = lose + marks.
    * persona con la mejor nota = top scorer, top scorer.
    * sistema de notas = grading system.
    * subirle la nota a Alguien = mark + Nombre + up.

    * * *
    A
    1 (apunte) note
    toma nota de su nombre make a note of his name
    tomé nota del pedido I took (down) the order
    toma (buena) nota de lo que le pasó a él take note of o bear in mind what happened to him
    Compuestos:
    margin note
    footnote
    fpl Post-it® notes
    B
    1 (mensaje) note
    me mandó una notita diciendo que … she sent me a little note saying that …
    2
    (noticia breve): notas sociales or de sociedad society column
    y ahora con la nota deportiva … and now with the sports roundup …
    Compuestos:
    press release, statement issued to the press
    diplomatic note
    announcement of a death
    notas necrológicas deaths section, obituaries
    C ( Educ) (calificación) grade ( AmE), mark ( BrE)
    sacar buenas notas to get good grades o marks
    me puso una nota muy baja she gave me a very bad o low grade o mark
    ir a por nota ( Esp fam); to aim for top grades ( AmE), to go for top marks ( BrE)
    D
    1
    (rasgo, característica): la nota dominante de su carácter/de su estilo the dominant feature of his character/of his style
    una nota melancólica subyace en todos estos poemas a note of melancholy underlies all of these poems, there is an underlying note of melancholy in all of these poems
    la humedad constituye la nota característica high humidity is the most characteristic feature o is the main characteristic
    2 (detalle) touch
    para agregar una nota de humor to add a touch of humor
    fue una nota muy simpática it was a very nice touch o gesture
    su comentario fue la nota de mal gusto de la reunión his remark was the one thing that lowered the tone of the meeting
    E ( Mús) note
    dar la nota ( fam) to stand out; (por algo censurable) to make a spectacle of oneself
    dar la nota discordante to be difficult ( o different etc)
    darle nota a algn ( Ven arg): me da nota que me hayas llamado I'm glad o pleased you called
    ¿te da nota si nos vamos a la playa? are you on for the beach? ( colloq), do you fancy going to the beach? ( BrE colloq)
    ser la nota discordante to strike a sour note
    Compuesto:
    note
    F
    1 (en un restaurante) check ( AmE), bill ( BrE)
    2 (Ur) (en una tienda) receipt
    Compuesto:
    ( Méx) detailed receipt ( for a meal)
    ( fam)
    character ( colloq)
    * * *

     

    Del verbo notar: ( conjugate notar)

    nota es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

    2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    nota    
    notar
    nota sustantivo femenino
    1 (apunte, mensaje) note;


    ( fijarse) to take note of sth;

    nota a pie de página footnote
    2
    a) (Educ) ( calificación) grade (AmE), mark (BrE);

    ◊ sacar buenas notas to get good grades o marks

    b) (Mús) note

    3 ( detalle) touch;

    notar ( conjugate notar) verbo transitivo


    hacer(le) nota algo (a algn) to point sth out (to sb);
    te noto muy triste you look very sad;
    se le notaba indeciso he seemed hesitant
    b) ( impers):

    ◊ se nota que es novato you can tell o see he's a beginner;

    se te nota en la cara it's written all over your face
    notarse verbo pronominal (+ compl) to feel;

    nota sustantivo femenino
    1 (escrito breve) note
    tomar notas, to take notes
    2 Educ mark, grade: tiene muy mala notas en matemáticas, she has a bad mark in maths
    3 (cuenta, factura) bill
    4 (rasgo) element, quality: da una nota de alegría, it gives a touch of cheerfulness
    5 Mús note
    ♦ Locuciones: dar la nota, to make a spectacle of oneself
    Los resultados de los exámenes se expresan normalmente con letras (A, B, C, D, E y F). A es la nota más alta y F significa Fail (suspenso).
    notar verbo transitivo
    1 (darse cuenta) to notice ➣ Ver nota en notice
    2 (a alguien en un estado) to find: le noté cansado, I found him tired
    3 (sentir) to feel: noté frío, I felt cold

    ' nota' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abundante
    - acabar
    - aconsejar
    - acordar
    - acordarse
    - acostumbrada
    - acostumbrado
    - actual
    - actualmente
    - acuerdo
    - adición
    - agradecer
    - aguantar
    - aguardar
    - ahora
    - alegre
    - almuerzo
    - alquiler
    - alta
    - alto
    - amarilla
    - amarillo
    - amplia
    - amplio
    - añadir
    - añorar
    - anotar
    - apartamento
    - apellido
    - apetecer
    - apreciar
    - arrepentirse
    - arriesgarse
    - atreverse
    - aún
    - ausente
    - ayudar
    - bajar
    - bastante
    - caliente
    - cama
    - carnero
    - casa
    - cena
    - cerrada
    - cerrado
    - cerveza
    - cesar
    - coletilla
    - colgarse
    English:
    able
    - add
    - addition
    - advertising
    - afloat
    - afraid
    - afternoon
    - aghast
    - ajar
    - akin
    - alight
    - alike
    - alive
    - all
    - allow
    - alone
    - already
    - although
    - among
    - amongst
    - another
    - apartment
    - appear
    - appendix
    - arouse
    - as
    - ashamed
    - asleep
    - assassin
    - assassinate
    - assassination
    - attorney
    - averse
    - awake
    - awaken
    - aware
    - bar
    - barrister
    - bath
    - be
    - beat
    - beer
    - benefit
    - between
    - bill
    - billion
    - bite
    - bitter
    - blond
    - blonde
    * * *
    nota1 nf
    1. [apunte] note;
    déjale una nota encima de la mesa leave her a note on the table;
    tomar nota de algo [apuntar] to note sth down;
    [fijarse] to take note of sth;
    tomamos nota de sus comentarios we note your comments;
    tomar buena nota de algo to take careful note of sth
    2. [acotación] note
    nota aclaratoria explanatory note;
    nota bene nota bene, N.B.;
    nota al margen marginal note;
    3. [noticia breve] nota necrológica obituary;
    nota de prensa press release;
    Méx nota roja police reports (section);
    notas de sociedad society column
    4. [cuenta] bill;
    [en restaurante] Br bill, US check Méx nota de consumo expenses claim;
    nota de gastos expenses claim;
    Méx nota de remisión delivery note
    5. [calificación] Br mark, US grade;
    mañana nos dan las notas we get our Br marks o US grades tomorrow;
    sacar o [m5] tener buenas notas to get good Br marks o US grades;
    Esp Fam
    ir para nota Br to go for top marks, US to aim for top grades
    nota de corte = minimum marks for entry into university;
    nota media average Br mark o US grade
    6. [toque, rasgo] touch;
    una nota de distinción/de color a touch of elegance/colour
    7. [reputación]
    de mala nota of ill repute
    8. [musical] note
    nota discordante discordant note;
    la nota discordante la puso el discurso agresivo del presidente ruso the Russian president's aggressive speech was out of key with the tone of the occasion;
    nota dominante dominant note;
    la tensión fue la nota dominante de la reunión an atmosphere of tension predominated at the meeting;
    la nota dominante de su estilo es la ironía the predominant feature of his style is irony;
    nota falsa false note;
    nota tónica keynote
    9. Fam
    dar la nota: allá donde vamos, siempre da la nota she always has to draw attention to herself wherever we go;
    con estos pantalones das la nota nobody could miss you in those trousers;
    forzar la nota, Ven [m5] pasarse de nota to go too far
    nota2 nm
    Esp Fam
    1. [individuo] guy, Br bloke
    2. Pey [que llama la atención] poser
    * * *
    f
    1 MÚS note;
    nota discordante fig discordant note;
    dar la nota fam draw attention to o.s.
    2 EDU grade, mark;
    sacar buenas/malas notas get good/bad grades
    :
    tomar notas take notes;
    tomar nota de algo make a note of sth
    * * *
    nota nf
    1) : note, message
    2) : announcement
    nota de prensa: press release
    3) : grade, mark (in school)
    4) : characteristic, feature, touch
    5) : note (in music)
    6) : bill, check (in a restaurant)
    * * *
    nota n
    1. (en general) note

    Spanish-English dictionary > nota

  • 87 использовать

    (= воспользоваться, применять, см. также использоваться) make use of, exploit, utilize, use, employ
    • Альтернативный подход использует такие понятия, как... - The alternative approach uses notions such as...
    • Безусловно это можно использовать лишь в случае, если... - Of course this applies only if...
    • Более успешный подход заключался в том, чтобы использовать... - A more successful approach has been to use...
    • Будет полезно использовать условия, при которых... - It will be useful to explore the circumstances under which...
    • В данном случае можно использовать другой подход. - In this case a different approach can be used.
    • В обозначениях, которые мы теперь используем, это означает, что... - In our present notation this means that...
    • В следующем примере мы используем этот метод, чтобы определить... - In the following examples we use this method to determine...
    • Давайте использовать это решение, чтобы получить... - Let us use this solution to obtain...
    • Далее мы не будем это использовать. - We shall make no further use of this.
    • Данное доказательство использует метод математической индукции по п. - The proof is by induction on n.
    • Данные результаты могут быть использованы для проверки численного решения. - These results provide a useful check on numerical solutions.
    • Для нашего доказательства удобно использовать... - For our proof it is convenient to use...
    • Для удобства мы будем часто использовать более простое обозначение... - For convenience, we will often use the simpler notation...
    • Если мы используем результат (7), то видим, что... - If we make use of the result (7) we see that...
    • Желая использовать соотношение (14), мы заметим, что... - Wishing to exploit (14), we note that...
    • Заметьте, что мы использовали (здесь) только... - Note that we have only used...
    • Иногда бывает удобно использовать соотношения вида... - It is sometimes convenient to use relations of the form...
    • Можно использовать любое выражение в зависимости от... - Either expression can be used, depending on whether...
    • Мы будем использовать это решение, чтобы построить... - We shall use this solution to construct...
    • Мы будем очень часто использовать... - Extensive use will be made of...
    • Мы хотим использовать данную тестовую систему, чтобы определить... - We wish to use this test system to determine...
    • Мы использовали это в качестве отправного пункта нашего исследования. - We have taken this as a starting point for our investigation.
    • Мы используем обычные договоренности о... - We make use of common conventions on...
    • Мы используем эти факты несколько позднее. - We shall exploit these facts at a later stage. '
    • Мы используем этот результат (в, для)... - We shall apply this result to...
    • Мы используем этот факт позже (= в дальнейшем). - We shall make use of this fact later.
    • Мы можем использовать преимущество, предоставляемое этим фактом, чтобы... - We can take advantage of this fact to...
    • Мы можем использовать эти же свойства, чтобы определить... - We can use these same properties to define...
    • Мы можем использовать этот результат, чтобы определить (= ввести)... - We can use this result to define...
    • Мы можем также использовать здесь концепцию... - We may also apply the concept of...
    • Мы продолжим использовать... - We shall continue to use...
    • Мы также используем (благоприятную) возможность (поблагодарить, отметить и т. п.) (= Пользуясь возможностью, мы благодарим)... - We also take the opportunity to...
    • Мы уже многократно использовали (формулу, метод и т. п.)... - We have made extensive use of...
    • Мы часто используем обозначения а, аr для... - We frequently use a, аr to denote...
    • Некоторые авторы предпочли использовать... - Some authors have preferred to use...
    • Одна элегантная версия данного метода использует... - An elegant version of this method employs...
    • Однако здесь мы предпочитаем использовать... - Неге we prefer, however, to employ...
    • Однако некоторые авторы успешно использовали... - However, some authors have successfully used...
    • Однако разумно использовать тот факт, что... - But the sensible thing is to use the fact that...
    • Описанный выше метод может быть использован для построения... - The procedure described above can be used to construct...
    • Перед тем как начать использовать эту концепцию, честно предупредим читателя, что... - Before we make use of this concept, it is only fair to warn the reader that...
    • Перед тем как использовать его (метода) преимущество, мы должны... - Before taking advantage of this, we must...
    • Подобное рассуждение можно использовать, когда... - A similar argument can be used when...
    • При этих условиях мы по-прежнему можем использовать... - Under these circumstances we may still use...
    • Развивая данную теорию, мы будем существенно использовать... - In developing the theory we shall make considerable use of...
    • Разработчики использовали различные подходы для получения... - Designers have used various approaches in arriving at...
    • С этой целью мы будем использовать... - For this purpose, we shall use...
    • Теорема может быть использована для нахождения... - This theorem can be used to find all solutions of...
    • Теперь мы (полностью) готовы использовать методы, разработанные во втором параграфе. - We are now ready to use the methods of Section 2.
    • Читатель увидит, как можно использовать высшую математику в... - The reader will see how ordinary calculus can be applied to...
    • Чтобы..., мы используем качественные рассуждения. - We shall use a qualitative argument to...
    • Чтобы использовать компьютер в данном процессе... - То computerize the process,...
    • Чтобы проделать это, мы используем тот факт, что... - То do this, we make use of the fact that...
    • Эйнштейн использовал точно те же самые идеи в... - Einstein applied precisely the same ideas to...
    • Эта идея уже была использована Смитом [1], который предлагает... - This idea has been exploited by Smith [1], who suggests that...
    • Эта точка зрения была интенсивно использована Смитом [1]. - This viewpoint has been used extensively by Smith [1].
    • Эти результаты можно использовать, чтобы установить... - These results can be used to establish...
    • Это позволяет нам использовать (метод и т. п.)... - This allows us to make use of...
    • Это рассуждение подобно тому, что было использовано для установления... - The argument is similar to that used to establish...
    • Это свойство может быть использовано для вывода... - This property can be used to derive...
    • Это уравнение может быть использовано для вычисления амплитуды... - This equation can be used to calculate the magnitude of...
    • Этот результат можно использовать без опасений, только если... - It is safe to use this result only if...
    • Эту теорию можно использовать только тогда, когда... - This theory is applicable only when...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > использовать

  • 88 применять

    (= применить, использовать) apply, adapt, employ, use, make use of
    • В основном они спроектированы для того, чтобы применять... - These are generally designed to make use of...
    • В последний раз мы не применяли (= не обращались, не прибегали к) теорему 3.2. - Last time we were not appealing to Theorem 3.2.
    • В таком случае мы обязаны применить чисто численную технику. - In that case, we must resort to a purely numerical technique.
    • Важно, чтобы мы умели бы применять идею... - It is important that we be able to apply the concept of...
    • Возможно, что безопасно применить метод... к... - It is probably safe to apply the method of... to...
    • Давайте применим наше правило к простому случаю... - Let us now apply our rule to the simple case of...
    • Данное рассуждение можно одинаково хорошо применить к/в... - The argument can be applied equally well to...
    • Данный метод невозможно применить, когда/ если... - The method is not applicable when...
    • Данный метод одинаково успешно можно применять к... - The method can equally well be applied to...
    • Для... можно применить несколько методов. - Several methods are available for...
    • Метод, приведенный в этом параграфе, подобным образом может быть применен к... - The method of sections may be applied in a similar way to...
    • Мы должны тщательно следить за тем, чтобы не применялось (что-л)... - We must be careful not to imply that...
    • Мы могли бы применить эти рассуждения, например, к... - We may apply these considerations, for example, to...
    • Мы можем применить некоторые результаты этой главы для того, чтобы проиллюстрировать... - We may apply some of the results of this chapter to illustrate...
    • Мы можем сразу применить данную теорему, чтобы найти... - We can at once apply this theorem to find...
    • Мы можем, конечно, применить теорему 1 к случаю, где/ когда... - We can, of course, apply Theorem 1 to the case where...
    • Мы применим наши результаты к одному простому случаю. - We shall apply our results to a simple case.
    • Мы применяем метод асимптотических разложений, использованный в главе 1, к... - We apply the asymptotic expansion method used in Ch. 1 to...
    • Мы рекомендуем не применять мягкие пластики в этом случае. - We advise against the use of soft plastics in this application.
    • Мы считаем, что метод... можно применять к/в... - We believe that the method of... is applicable to...
    • Мы уже применили здесь один специальный случай (чего-л). - We have used here a special case of...
    • Однако оба этих процесса легко могут быть применены в/к... - However, both of these processes may easily be adapted to...
    • Подобное рассуждение можно применить к/в... - A similar argument may be applied to...
    • Подобный алгоритм можно применить для решения уравнения (1). - A similar process can be applied to (1).
    • Полученные соотношения можно было бы также применить в/к... - The relations obtained may also be applied to...
    • Поэтому мы применяем слегка модифицированный метод. - We therefore adopt a slightly different method.
    • Проблема, которую мы обязаны позднее рассмотреть, чтобы применять данную идею, состоит в том, что... - A problem that we must eventually face in making use of this concept is...
    • Смит [1] применил этот метод к... - Smith [1] has applied this method to...
    • Соответствующий анализ можно применить в/к... - A corresponding analysis can be applied to...
    • Тот же метод можно применять в/к... - The same method may be applied to...
    • Эйнштейн применил точно те же самые идеи к... - Einstein applied precisely the same ideas to...
    • Эти методы нельзя применять в случае, когда... - These methods are not applicable in the case of...
    • Это рассуждение можно одинаково хорошо применить к... - The argument can be applied equally well to...
    • Этот обобщение нельзя применять в случае... - This generalization cannot be applied to the case of...
    • Этот принцип был применен при производстве... - This principle has been applied to the manufacture of...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > применять

  • 89 entender

    m.
    understanding, grasp.
    Su entender era limitado Her understanding was limited.
    v.
    1 to understand.
    ahora entiendo lo que quieres decir now I understand o know what you mean
    no te entiendo, habla más despacio I don't understand you, could you speak more slowly?
    no entiendo cómo puede gustarte Arturo I don't know what you see in Arturo
    no entiendo nada, ¿no deberían haber llegado ya? I just can't understand it, surely they were supposed to have arrived by now
    ¡no hay quien te entienda! you're impossible!
    ¿tú qué entiendes por “amistad”? what do you understand by “friendship”?
    dar a entender que… to imply (that)…
    hasta que no llegue no podemos empezar, ¿entiendes? we can't start until she gets here, all right?
    Ella entiende la lección She understands the lesson.
    Elsa entendió al fin Elsa understood at last.
    2 to think.
    yo no lo entiendo así I don't see it that way
    3 to figure out, to digest, to get clear, to get to know.
    Elsa entendió el motivo Elsa figured out the motive.
    * * *
    (e changes to ie in stressed syllables)
    Present Indicative
    entiendo, entiendes, entiende, entendemos, entendéis, entienden.
    Present Subjunctive
    entienda, entiendas, entienda, entendamos, entendáis, entiendan.
    Imperative
    entiende (tú), entienda (él/Vd.), entendamos (nos.), entended (vos.), entiendan (ellos/Vds.).
    * * *
    verb
    2) think, believe
    •
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=comprender) to understand

    ¡a ti no hay quien te entienda! — you're impossible to understand!

    que no te vuelva a ver fumando ¿me has entendido? — don't let me catch you smoking again, do you understand?

    ¿entiendes lo que te quiero decir? — do you know what I mean?, do you know what I'm trying to say?

    es un poco rarito, tú ya me entiendes — he's a bit odd, if you know what I mean

    • dar algo a entender — to imply sth

    nos dieron a entender que querían marcharse — they gave us to understand o led us to believe that they wanted to leave

    según él me dio a entender, no está contento en su trabajo — from what he said to me, he is not happy in his job, he gave me to understand that he is not happy in his job

    • hacer entender algo a algn — to make sb understand sth

    • hacerse entender — to make o.s. understood

    • entender mal — to misunderstand

    si no he entendido mal, esto es lo que queréis decir — unless I've misunderstood what you're saying, this is what you mean

    • no entendió ni una palabra — he didn't understand a word of it

    no entender ni jota o ni patata * —

    no entendí ni jota o ni una patata de lo que decían — I didn't have a clue what they were on about

    no entiendo ni jota de alemán — * I don't understand a single word of German

    2) (=opinar) to think, believe

    entiendo que sería mejor decírselo — I think o believe it would be better to tell him

    yo entiendo que no es correcto hacerlo así — I don't think o believe that that's the right way to do it

    3) (=interpretar) to understand

    ¿tú qué entiendes por libertad? — what do you understand by freedom?

    ¿debo entender que lo niegas? — am I to understand that you deny it?

    me ha parecido entender que estaban en contra — I understood that they were against it, as I understand it they were against it

    cada uno entiende el amor a su manera — everyone sees love differently, everyone understands something different by love

    4) * (=saber manejar) to know how to use, know how to work

    ¿tú entiendes esta lavadora? — do you know how this washing machine works?, do you know how to use this washing machine?

    5) (=oír) to hear
    2. VI
    1) (=comprender) to understand

    ¡ya entiendo! — now I understand!, now I get it!

    la vida es así ¿entiendes? — that's life, you know

    • entender de algo — to know about sth

    no entender de barcos —

    si le preguntas cualquier cosa, él no entiende de barcos — if you ask him something, he makes out he doesn't know anything about anything

    2) (Jur) (=tener competencia)
    3) [perro, gato]
    4) ** (=ser homosexual) to be one of them *
    3.
    See:
    * * *
    I 1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) <explicación/idioma/actitud> to understand

    ¿entiendes lo que quiero decir? — do you know what I mean?

    b) < persona> to understand

    se hace entender or (AmL) se da a entender — he makes himself understood

    2) (frml)
    a) (concebir, opinar)

    yo entiendo que deberíamos esperar — in my view o as I see it, we should wait

    b) (interpretar, deducir)

    ¿debo entender que te vas? — am I to understand that you're leaving?

    me dio a entender que... — she gave me to understand that...

    2.
    1) ( comprender) to understand

    (ya) entiendo — I understand, I see

    2) ( saber)

    ¿tú entiendes de estas cosas? — do you know anything about these things?

    3) (Der)
    3.
    entenderse v pron
    1)

    a ver si nos entendemos ¿quién te pegó? — let's get this straight, who hit you?

    entenderse con alguien — to get along o on with somebody

    c) ( tratar)

    allá se las entienda — (fam) that's his/her problem

    2) (refl)

    déjame, yo me entiendo — leave me alone, I know what I'm doing

    II

    a mi/tu/su entender — in my/your/his opinion, to my/your/his mind

    * * *
    = come to + grips with, cut through, grasp, have + some grasp, make + sense (out) of, understand, get to + grips with, make + sense of life, sympathise [sympathize, -USA], sympathise [sympathize, -USA], get + a grip on, provide + an understanding, catch + Posesivo + drift, get + Posesivo + drift, have + a handle on, fathom, get + Posesivo + head around, wrap + Posesivo + head around, get + a handle on.
    Ex. Right now the management team is beginning to come to grips with our annual budget process, as it does every year.
    Ex. Publishers attempting to cut through this nomenclature morass can check with the library's administration.
    Ex. She must try to convince him that no single individual, no matter how gifted, can any longer grasp the innumerable facets of modern corporate effort.
    Ex. It is necessary to have some grasp of some fundamental aspects of computerized information-retrieval systems.
    Ex. The resultant guiding must be clear, by being both easy to read and easy to make sense of.
    Ex. They assume only that the reader has some knowledge of the subject, so that the abstract can be understood.
    Ex. The Treasure has made good use of a number of methodologies in getting to grips with the principles and applications of information management.
    Ex. This manual is an indispensable companion to all those who are keen to make sense of life in an infinitely complex and confusing Internet.
    Ex. In World War 2 librarians generally sympathised with Britain, but many were isolationist or apathetic during the early years = En la Segunda Guerra Mundial los bibliotecarios generalmente simpatizaban con Gran Bretaña, aunque muchos mantuvieron una actitud no intervencionista o indiferente durante los primeros años.
    Ex. In World War 2 librarians generally sympathised with Britain, but many were isolationist or apathetic during the early years = En la Segunda Guerra Mundial los bibliotecarios generalmente simpatizaban con Gran Bretaña, aunque muchos mantuvieron una actitud no intervencionista o indiferente durante los primeros años.
    Ex. The article ' Getting a grip on change' argues that only by confronting the challenges and inevitability of change can libraries retain their relevancy in the information age.
    Ex. The results of two studies of the way reference librarians work were pooled to provide an understanding of the important features necessary in software for computerized reference work.
    Ex. Shariel sighed and rolled her eyes a little, as Akanan clearly didn't catch her drift.
    Ex. 'Nah,' Kate chuckled, getting her drift, and then said 'I would've just barged in there and dared them to throw me out!'.
    Ex. 'I sure wish I had a better handle on this contract language,' he said.
    Ex. As she ascended the staircase to the library director's office, she tried to fathom the reason for the imperious summons.
    Ex. You are not quite sure how one man could get his head around this at the time, but he managed, in a masterful way.
    Ex. Sleuthing is like second-nature to her, and she can't possibly wrap her head around the concept of renouncing it completely.
    Ex. Children get a handle on personal responsibility by holding a library card of their own, a card that gives them access to new worlds.
    ----
    * a mi entender = to my mind.
    * a + Posesivo + entender = to the best of + Posesivo + belief.
    * a + Posesivo + saber y entender = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge and belief.
    * ayudar a entender mejor = lend + understanding to.
    * dar a entender = give to + understand, hint, send + a clear signal that, lull + Nombre + into thinking, insinuate, intimate.
    * de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.
    * difícil de entender = cryptic.
    * entender a medias = pick up + the fag-ends.
    * entender mal = misunderstand, misconceive, mishearing, mishearing, mishear.
    * entender mejor = place + Nombre + in/into + perspective, put into + perspective, gain + a better sense of, get + a better sense of.
    * entenderse = interoperate [inter-operate], hit it off.
    * entenderse que indica = take to + indicate.
    * fácil de entender = easy to understand.
    * hablar sin ser entendido = speak in + tongues, talk in + tongues.
    * hacer entender = get across.
    * hacerse entender = make + Posesivo + meaning plain.
    * malentender = misconstrue.
    * más fácil de entender para nosotros = closer to home.
    * no entender = be beyond + Pronombre.
    * no entender Algo = go (way) over + Posesivo + head.
    * no entender lo esencial = miss + the point.
    * no entender ni una papa de = can't make head(s) or tail(s) of.
    * no llegar a entender = miss + the mark, miss + the point.
    * según nuestro entender = as far as we know.
    * según + Pronombre + entender = it + be + Posesivo + understanding, Pronombre + understanding + be.
    * * *
    I 1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) <explicación/idioma/actitud> to understand

    ¿entiendes lo que quiero decir? — do you know what I mean?

    b) < persona> to understand

    se hace entender or (AmL) se da a entender — he makes himself understood

    2) (frml)
    a) (concebir, opinar)

    yo entiendo que deberíamos esperar — in my view o as I see it, we should wait

    b) (interpretar, deducir)

    ¿debo entender que te vas? — am I to understand that you're leaving?

    me dio a entender que... — she gave me to understand that...

    2.
    1) ( comprender) to understand

    (ya) entiendo — I understand, I see

    2) ( saber)

    ¿tú entiendes de estas cosas? — do you know anything about these things?

    3) (Der)
    3.
    entenderse v pron
    1)

    a ver si nos entendemos ¿quién te pegó? — let's get this straight, who hit you?

    entenderse con alguien — to get along o on with somebody

    c) ( tratar)

    allá se las entienda — (fam) that's his/her problem

    2) (refl)

    déjame, yo me entiendo — leave me alone, I know what I'm doing

    II

    a mi/tu/su entender — in my/your/his opinion, to my/your/his mind

    * * *
    = come to + grips with, cut through, grasp, have + some grasp, make + sense (out) of, understand, get to + grips with, make + sense of life, sympathise [sympathize, -USA], sympathise [sympathize, -USA], get + a grip on, provide + an understanding, catch + Posesivo + drift, get + Posesivo + drift, have + a handle on, fathom, get + Posesivo + head around, wrap + Posesivo + head around, get + a handle on.

    Ex: Right now the management team is beginning to come to grips with our annual budget process, as it does every year.

    Ex: Publishers attempting to cut through this nomenclature morass can check with the library's administration.
    Ex: She must try to convince him that no single individual, no matter how gifted, can any longer grasp the innumerable facets of modern corporate effort.
    Ex: It is necessary to have some grasp of some fundamental aspects of computerized information-retrieval systems.
    Ex: The resultant guiding must be clear, by being both easy to read and easy to make sense of.
    Ex: They assume only that the reader has some knowledge of the subject, so that the abstract can be understood.
    Ex: The Treasure has made good use of a number of methodologies in getting to grips with the principles and applications of information management.
    Ex: This manual is an indispensable companion to all those who are keen to make sense of life in an infinitely complex and confusing Internet.
    Ex: In World War 2 librarians generally sympathised with Britain, but many were isolationist or apathetic during the early years = En la Segunda Guerra Mundial los bibliotecarios generalmente simpatizaban con Gran Bretaña, aunque muchos mantuvieron una actitud no intervencionista o indiferente durante los primeros años.
    Ex: In World War 2 librarians generally sympathised with Britain, but many were isolationist or apathetic during the early years = En la Segunda Guerra Mundial los bibliotecarios generalmente simpatizaban con Gran Bretaña, aunque muchos mantuvieron una actitud no intervencionista o indiferente durante los primeros años.
    Ex: The article ' Getting a grip on change' argues that only by confronting the challenges and inevitability of change can libraries retain their relevancy in the information age.
    Ex: The results of two studies of the way reference librarians work were pooled to provide an understanding of the important features necessary in software for computerized reference work.
    Ex: Shariel sighed and rolled her eyes a little, as Akanan clearly didn't catch her drift.
    Ex: 'Nah,' Kate chuckled, getting her drift, and then said 'I would've just barged in there and dared them to throw me out!'.
    Ex: 'I sure wish I had a better handle on this contract language,' he said.
    Ex: As she ascended the staircase to the library director's office, she tried to fathom the reason for the imperious summons.
    Ex: You are not quite sure how one man could get his head around this at the time, but he managed, in a masterful way.
    Ex: Sleuthing is like second-nature to her, and she can't possibly wrap her head around the concept of renouncing it completely.
    Ex: Children get a handle on personal responsibility by holding a library card of their own, a card that gives them access to new worlds.
    * a mi entender = to my mind.
    * a + Posesivo + entender = to the best of + Posesivo + belief.
    * a + Posesivo + saber y entender = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge and belief.
    * ayudar a entender mejor = lend + understanding to.
    * dar a entender = give to + understand, hint, send + a clear signal that, lull + Nombre + into thinking, insinuate, intimate.
    * de forma que resulta más fácil de entender = in digestible form.
    * difícil de entender = cryptic.
    * entender a medias = pick up + the fag-ends.
    * entender mal = misunderstand, misconceive, mishearing, mishearing, mishear.
    * entender mejor = place + Nombre + in/into + perspective, put into + perspective, gain + a better sense of, get + a better sense of.
    * entenderse = interoperate [inter-operate], hit it off.
    * entenderse que indica = take to + indicate.
    * fácil de entender = easy to understand.
    * hablar sin ser entendido = speak in + tongues, talk in + tongues.
    * hacer entender = get across.
    * hacerse entender = make + Posesivo + meaning plain.
    * malentender = misconstrue.
    * más fácil de entender para nosotros = closer to home.
    * no entender = be beyond + Pronombre.
    * no entender Algo = go (way) over + Posesivo + head.
    * no entender lo esencial = miss + the point.
    * no entender ni una papa de = can't make head(s) or tail(s) of.
    * no llegar a entender = miss + the mark, miss + the point.
    * según nuestro entender = as far as we know.
    * según + Pronombre + entender = it + be + Posesivo + understanding, Pronombre + understanding + be.

    * * *
    entender1 [E8 ]
    vt
    A
    1 ‹explicación/libro/idioma› to understand; ‹actitud/motivos› to understand
    yo no te entiendo la letra I can't read your writing
    no se le entiende nada you can't understand anything she says
    lo has entendido todo al revés you've got(ten) it all completely wrong, you've got the wrong end of the stick ( BrE colloq)
    no hablo el alemán, pero lo entiendo I don't speak German, but I can understand it
    yo todavía no he entendido el chiste I still haven't got(ten) the joke
    y que no se vuelva a repetir ¿lo has entendido bien? and don't let it happen again, (do you) understand? o have you got that?
    ¿entiendes lo que quiero decir? do you know what I mean?
    esto no hay quien lo entienda I just don't understand this o this is impossible to understand
    se entiende que prefiera estar a solas it is understandable that she should want to be alone
    ¿tú qué entiendes por `versátil'? what do you understand by `versatile'?
    2 ‹persona› to understand
    trata de entenderme try to understand me
    ten cuidado con ellos, tú ya me entiendes be careful with them, you know what I mean
    me has entendido mal you've misunderstood me
    su inglés no es perfecto pero se hace entender or ( AmL) se da a entender his English isn't perfect but he makes himself understood
    ¡a ti no hay quien te entienda! you're impossible!
    te entiendo perfectamente I know exactly what you mean
    estoy segura de que él te entenderá I am sure that he will understand
    B ( frml)
    1
    (concebir, opinar): yo entiendo que deberíamos esperar un poco más in my view o as I see it, we should wait a little longer
    no es así como yo entiendo la amistad that is not how I see o understand friendship, that is not my idea of friendship
    2
    (interpretar, deducir): ¿debo entender que desean prescindir de mis servicios? am I to understand o infer that you wish to dispense with my services?
    me dio a entender que ya lo sabía she gave me to understand that she already knew
    no lo dijo claramente, pero lo dio a entender she did not say so in so many words, but she implied it
    ■ entender
    vi
    A (comprender) to understand
    (ya) entiendo I understand, I see
    es que él es así ¿entiendes? it's just that he's like that, you see
    B (saber) entender DE algo to know ABOUT sth
    no entiendo nada de economía I don't know a thing about economics
    ¿tú entiendes de estas cosas? do you know anything about these things?
    C ( Der):
    entender en un caso to hear a case
    A
    1 (comunicarse) entenderse CON algn to communicate WITH sb
    se entienden por señas they communicate (with each other) through signs, they use sign language to communicate with each other
    a ver si nos entendemos ¿quién le pegó a quién? let's get this straight, who hit whom?
    2 (llevarse bien) entenderse CON algn to get along o on WITH sb
    tú te entiendes mejor con él you get along o on better with him than I do
    creo que nos vamos a entender I think we're going to get on o get along fine
    es mejor entenderse directamente con el jefe you are advised to deal directly with the boss
    allá se las entienda ( fam); that's his/her problem
    entendérselas con algn to fix sth up with sb
    4 ( fam) (tener un lío amoroso) entenderse CON algn to have an affair WITH sb
    B ( refl):
    ni él mismo se entiende he doesn't know what he's doing himself
    déjame, yo me entiendo leave me alone, I know what I'm doing
    a mi/tu/su entender in my/your/his opinion, to my/your/his mind
    * * *

     

    Multiple Entries:
    entender    
    entender algo
    entender ( conjugate entender) verbo transitivo
    to understand;
    ‹ chiste› to understand, get (colloq);

    no entendí su nombre I didn't get his name;
    lo entendió todo al revés he got it all completely wrong;
    tú ya me entiendes you know what I mean;
    me has entendido mal you've misunderstood me;
    se hace entender or (AmL) se da a entender he makes himself understood;
    me dio a entender que … she gave me to understand that …;
    dar algo a entender to imply sth
    verbo intransitivo

    b) ( saber) entender de algo to know about sth

    entenderse verbo pronominal
    1


    entenderse con algn to communicate with sb;
    a ver si nos entendemos ¿quién te pegó? let's get this straight, who hit you?


    entenderse con algn to get along o on with sb
    2 ( refl):
    ◊ déjame, yo me entiendo leave me alone, I know what I'm doing

    entender
    I verbo transitivo
    1 (comprender) to understand: a mi entender, está equivocado, in my opinion he's wrong
    no entendí ni papa/pío/jota de este libro, I didn't understand a word of this book
    no entiendo lo que quieres decir, I don't know what you mean
    no me entiendas mal, don't get me wrong
    nos dio a entender que no aceptaría el trabajo, he gave us to understand that he wouldn't accept the job
    2 (creer) to think: entendemos que no debiste hacerlo, we think you shouldn't have done that
    II verbo intransitivo entender de, (saber) to know about: entiende de música, he has an ear for music ➣ Ver nota en understand
    ' entender' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    ayunas
    - cazar
    - coger
    - comprender
    - dar
    - interpretar
    - mercenaria
    - mercenario
    - papa
    - revés
    - significativa
    - significativo
    - ver
    - aclarar
    - agarrar
    - caer
    - concebir
    - difícil
    - dificultad
    - entendimiento
    - enterarse
    - entienda
    - fácil
    - sin
    English:
    appreciate
    - catch
    - depth
    - follow
    - get
    - gist
    - intimate
    - make out
    - misunderstand
    - parrot-fashion
    - point
    - purport
    - see
    - sense
    - thoroughly
    - trouble
    - understand
    - wise
    - work out
    - beyond
    - fathom
    - figure
    - grip
    - head
    - hint
    - home
    - imply
    - knowing
    - latch
    - lead
    - make
    - message
    - mishear
    - ram
    - still
    - sympathize
    - work
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [comprender] to understand;
    ahora entiendo lo que quieres decir now I understand o know what you mean;
    entiendo perfectamente tu reacción I completely understand your reaction;
    ¿es que no lo entiendes? don't you understand?;
    entiéndelo, lo hago por tu bien try to understand, it's for your own good;
    no te entiendo, habla más despacio I don't understand you, could you speak more slowly?;
    no entiendo los aparatos modernos I don't understand modern technology;
    no entiendo el chiste I don't get the joke;
    no entendí nada de lo que dijo I didn't understand a word of what he said;
    no entiendo nada, ¿no deberían haber llegado ya? I just can't understand it, surely they were supposed to have arrived by now;
    no entiendo la letra de mi médico I can't read my doctor's handwriting;
    entender mal algo to misunderstand sth;
    no entiendo cómo puede gustarte Arturo I don't know what you see in Arturo;
    no hay quien entienda a tu novio no one knows what to make of your boyfriend;
    ¡no hay quien te entienda! you're impossible!;
    sabe entender a las personas mayores she understands older people;
    ¿tú qué entiendes por “amistad”? what do you understand by “friendship”?;
    ¿debo entender que no estás de acuerdo? am I to understand that you disagree?;
    ¿cómo le puedo hacer entender que eso no se hace? how can I make her understand o get it through to her that that sort of behaviour is out?;
    hasta que no llegue no podemos empezar, ¿entiendes? we can't start until she gets here, all right?;
    ¿entiendes?, si no se lo decimos se va a enfadar look, if we don't tell him, he's going to get angry;
    podríamos hacernos los despistados, ya me entiendes we could make out we didn't really realize what was going on, you know what I mean;
    dar a entender algo (a alguien): dio a entender que no le interesaba she implied (that) she wasn't interested;
    nos dio a entender que no estaba de acuerdo she gave us to understand that she disagreed;
    hacerse entender to make oneself understood;
    se hizo entender a base de signos he made himself understood by using sign language;
    Fam
    no entiendo ni jota o RP [m5] un pito I can't understand a word (of it)
    2. [juzgar, opinar] to think;
    yo no lo entiendo así I don't see it that way;
    entiendo que sería mejor no decir nada I think it would be better not to say anything;
    entendemos que deberías disculparte we feel you ought to apologize
    ♦ vi
    1. [saber]
    entender de algo to know about sth;
    entender poco/algo de to know very little/a little about;
    entiende un montón de jardinería she knows loads about gardening;
    no entiendo nada de informática I don't know anything about computing;
    tú que entiendes de estas cosas, ¿qué es el “rafting”? you know about these things, what is “rafting”?
    2. [ocuparse]
    entender de o [m5]en [en general] to deal with;
    [sujeto: juez] to be in charge of;
    el magistrado que entiende de casos de terrorismo the magistrate responsible for o in charge of cases involving terrorism
    3. Fam [ser homosexual] to be gay;
    ¿entiendes? are you gay? [as a discreet enquiry]
    * * *
    I v/t
    1 understand;
    entender mal algo misunderstand sth;
    hacerse entender make o.s. understood;
    ya me entiendes do you catch my drift?, do you know what I mean?;
    dar a entender a alguien give s.o. to understand
    2 ( creer)
    :
    entendemos que sería mejor … we believe it would be better …
    II v/i
    1 understand;
    si entiendo bien if I understand correctly
    2
    :
    entender de algo know about sth
    3
    :
    III m
    :
    a mi entender in my opinion, to my mind
    * * *
    entender {56} vt
    1) comprender: to understand
    2) opinar: to think, to believe
    3) querer: to mean, to intend
    4) deducir: to infer, to deduce
    1) : to understand
    ¡ya entiendo!: now I understand!
    2)
    entender de : to know about, to be good at
    3)
    entender en : to be in charge of
    * * *
    1. (en general) to understand [pt. & pp. understood]
    ¿entiendes las instrucciones? do you understand the instructions?
    2. (tener conocimientos) to know [pt. knew; pp. known]
    entender mal to misunderstand [pt. & pp. misunderstood]

    Spanish-English dictionary > entender

  • 90 lectura

    f.
    1 reading.
    lectura ligera light reading
    2 viva (voce) (British), defense (United States) (education) (of thesis).
    3 reading (matter).
    4 reading, interpretation.
    5 scanning (computing).
    lectura óptica optical scanning
    6 readout, reading, read out, result.
    7 reading matter, reading material.
    8 readback.
    * * *
    1 reading
    2 (material de lectura) reading matter
    3 (interpretación) interpretation, reading
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=acción) reading

    segunda lectura — Esp (Pol) second reading

    lectura dramatizada — dramatization, dramatized reading

    2) (=obra) reading matter
    3) (=interpretación) reading

    hay varias lecturas posibles de los resultados electorales — the election results can be read in various ways, there are various possible readings of the election results

    * * *
    a) ( acción) reading
    b) ( texto) reading matter
    c) ( interpretación) interpretation, reading
    * * *
    = perusal, reading, scan, read, reading.
    Ex. Computer searching has many facilities and permits a more flexible approach to index searching, but printed indexes have the advantage of ease of perusal.
    Ex. Although the work of the CRG makes fascinating reading, and magnificent contributions were made towards the clarification of the principles of classification, much work remain to be done.
    Ex. If no data appears on the screen after scanning, the scan immediately be repeated.
    Ex. I would deliberately avoid raising expectations that this is going to be an exciting action-packed read.
    Ex. My reading of Joel's comments was that he'd be willing to drop all the others out of the picture if one of you were willing to do the whole thing.
    ----
    * acceso de sólo lectura = read-only access.
    * adicto a la lectura = bookaholic.
    * animación a la lectura = reading animation, reading promotion.
    * aparato de lectura = reading machine.
    * área de lectura = reading floor.
    * asesoramiento sobre la lectura = reading guidance.
    * basado en la lectura = book-centred.
    * cabeza de lectura = scanning head.
    * campamento de lectura = readers' camp.
    * club de lectura = reading club.
    * comentario personal de una lectura = reading-reportage.
    * con problemas de lectura = print disabled.
    * continuar con la lectura de = carry on through.
    * cultivar los hábitos de lectura = cultivate + reading habits.
    * de lectura de datos = data-capture.
    * de lectura fácil = easy reading.
    * departamento de lectura "formativo-recreativa" = popular department.
    * derecho a la lectura = right to read.
    * de sólo lectura = read-only.
    * dispositivo de lectura = reading device.
    * dispositivo de lectura digital = scanning device.
    * equipo de lectura de microfilm = microfilm reading equipment.
    * error de lectura = misreading.
    * facilidad de lectura = ease of reading.
    * falta de deseo por la lectura = aliteracy.
    * fomentar la lectura = promote + reading.
    * fomento de la lectura = reading promotion.
    * fomento del hábito de la lectura = reading promotion.
    * fondo de lectura "formativo-recreativa = browser collection.
    * fórmula para la dificultad de lectura = reading formula.
    * hábito de la lectura = reading habit.
    * herramienta de ayuda a la lectura = reading aid.
    * intereses de lectura = reading interests.
    * lectura de cuentos = story reading.
    * lectura de mapas = map-reading.
    * lectura de obra de teatro en voz alta = play-reading [play reading].
    * lectura de obras literarias = literary reading.
    * lectura de ocio = recreational reading, leisure reading, pleasure reading.
    * lectura digital = scanning.
    * lectura en clase = class reading.
    * lectura en familia = family reading.
    * lectura en frío = cold reading.
    * lectura en silencio = silent reading.
    * lectura en voz alta = reading aloud.
    * lectura literaria = literary reading.
    * lectura más minuciosa = closer reading.
    * lectura minuciosa = close reading.
    * lectura nocturna = bedtime reading.
    * lectura no dirigida = undirected reading.
    * lectura obligatoria = required reading.
    * lectura óptica = optical scanning.
    * lectura por encima = browsing.
    * lectura rápida = skimming.
    * lectura rápida buscando algo = scanning.
    * lectura recomendada = further reading.
    * lectura recomendada de clase = classroom reading.
    * lectura recreativa = recreational reading.
    * lecturas recomendadas = recommended background reading, recommended reading.
    * lectura superficial = browsing, skimming.
    * libertad de acceso a la lectura = freedom to read.
    * lista de lecturas = reading list.
    * lista de lecturas para el verano = summer reading list.
    * lista de lecturas recomendadas = reading list, select list, recommended reading list.
    * lista de lecturas sugeridas = suggested reading list.
    * manual de lecturas recomendadas = reader, course reader.
    * material de lectura = reading material, reading matter.
    * material de lectura para adultos = adult reading matter.
    * nivel de lectura = reading ability.
    * nueva lectura = rereading [re-reading].
    * obra de lectura obligatoria = a must-read.
    * obsesionado con la lectura = bookaholic.
    * obseso con la lectura = bookaholic.
    * orientación a la lectura = readers' guidance.
    * período previo a la lectura = prereading.
    * persona reacia a la lectura = aliterate.
    * personas con problemas de lectura = print handicapped people, print handicapped, the.
    * personas con problemas de lectura de la letra impresa = print disabled people.
    * placer de la lectura, el = joy of reading, the.
    * predisposición a la lectura = reading readiness.
    * problemas de lectura = reading difficulties.
    * programa de lectura = reading programme.
    * promoción de la lectura = reading promotion.
    * promover la lectura = promote + reading.
    * Proyecto Nacional de Lectura Optica de Textos de Agricultura (NATDP) = National Agricultural Text Digitizing Project (NATDP).
    * puesto de lectura = reader place, reader seat [reader's seat], study place.
    * puestos de lectura = seating capacity, seating space, reading space.
    * rechazo a la lectura = aliteracy.
    * reserva de puestos de lectura = seat reservation.
    * rincón de la lectura = classroom reading corner.
    * rincón de lectura = book corner.
    * sála de lectura = reading room, reading area.
    * sala de lectura de periódicos = newsroom.
    * salón de lectura = browsing room.
    * sed de lectura = book hunger.
    * sesión de lectura = reading session.
    * tertulia de lectura = book club evening.
    * trabajo de lectura obligatoria = a must-read.
    * * *
    a) ( acción) reading
    b) ( texto) reading matter
    c) ( interpretación) interpretation, reading
    * * *
    = perusal, reading, scan, read, reading.

    Ex: Computer searching has many facilities and permits a more flexible approach to index searching, but printed indexes have the advantage of ease of perusal.

    Ex: Although the work of the CRG makes fascinating reading, and magnificent contributions were made towards the clarification of the principles of classification, much work remain to be done.
    Ex: If no data appears on the screen after scanning, the scan immediately be repeated.
    Ex: I would deliberately avoid raising expectations that this is going to be an exciting action-packed read.
    Ex: My reading of Joel's comments was that he'd be willing to drop all the others out of the picture if one of you were willing to do the whole thing.
    * acceso de sólo lectura = read-only access.
    * adicto a la lectura = bookaholic.
    * animación a la lectura = reading animation, reading promotion.
    * aparato de lectura = reading machine.
    * área de lectura = reading floor.
    * asesoramiento sobre la lectura = reading guidance.
    * basado en la lectura = book-centred.
    * cabeza de lectura = scanning head.
    * campamento de lectura = readers' camp.
    * club de lectura = reading club.
    * comentario personal de una lectura = reading-reportage.
    * con problemas de lectura = print disabled.
    * continuar con la lectura de = carry on through.
    * cultivar los hábitos de lectura = cultivate + reading habits.
    * de lectura de datos = data-capture.
    * de lectura fácil = easy reading.
    * departamento de lectura "formativo-recreativa" = popular department.
    * derecho a la lectura = right to read.
    * de sólo lectura = read-only.
    * dispositivo de lectura = reading device.
    * dispositivo de lectura digital = scanning device.
    * equipo de lectura de microfilm = microfilm reading equipment.
    * error de lectura = misreading.
    * facilidad de lectura = ease of reading.
    * falta de deseo por la lectura = aliteracy.
    * fomentar la lectura = promote + reading.
    * fomento de la lectura = reading promotion.
    * fomento del hábito de la lectura = reading promotion.
    * fondo de lectura "formativo-recreativa = browser collection.
    * fórmula para la dificultad de lectura = reading formula.
    * hábito de la lectura = reading habit.
    * herramienta de ayuda a la lectura = reading aid.
    * intereses de lectura = reading interests.
    * lectura de cuentos = story reading.
    * lectura de mapas = map-reading.
    * lectura de obra de teatro en voz alta = play-reading [play reading].
    * lectura de obras literarias = literary reading.
    * lectura de ocio = recreational reading, leisure reading, pleasure reading.
    * lectura digital = scanning.
    * lectura en clase = class reading.
    * lectura en familia = family reading.
    * lectura en frío = cold reading.
    * lectura en silencio = silent reading.
    * lectura en voz alta = reading aloud.
    * lectura literaria = literary reading.
    * lectura más minuciosa = closer reading.
    * lectura minuciosa = close reading.
    * lectura nocturna = bedtime reading.
    * lectura no dirigida = undirected reading.
    * lectura obligatoria = required reading.
    * lectura óptica = optical scanning.
    * lectura por encima = browsing.
    * lectura rápida = skimming.
    * lectura rápida buscando algo = scanning.
    * lectura recomendada = further reading.
    * lectura recomendada de clase = classroom reading.
    * lectura recreativa = recreational reading.
    * lecturas recomendadas = recommended background reading, recommended reading.
    * lectura superficial = browsing, skimming.
    * libertad de acceso a la lectura = freedom to read.
    * lista de lecturas = reading list.
    * lista de lecturas para el verano = summer reading list.
    * lista de lecturas recomendadas = reading list, select list, recommended reading list.
    * lista de lecturas sugeridas = suggested reading list.
    * manual de lecturas recomendadas = reader, course reader.
    * material de lectura = reading material, reading matter.
    * material de lectura para adultos = adult reading matter.
    * nivel de lectura = reading ability.
    * nueva lectura = rereading [re-reading].
    * obra de lectura obligatoria = a must-read.
    * obsesionado con la lectura = bookaholic.
    * obseso con la lectura = bookaholic.
    * orientación a la lectura = readers' guidance.
    * período previo a la lectura = prereading.
    * persona reacia a la lectura = aliterate.
    * personas con problemas de lectura = print handicapped people, print handicapped, the.
    * personas con problemas de lectura de la letra impresa = print disabled people.
    * placer de la lectura, el = joy of reading, the.
    * predisposición a la lectura = reading readiness.
    * problemas de lectura = reading difficulties.
    * programa de lectura = reading programme.
    * promoción de la lectura = reading promotion.
    * promover la lectura = promote + reading.
    * Proyecto Nacional de Lectura Optica de Textos de Agricultura (NATDP) = National Agricultural Text Digitizing Project (NATDP).
    * puesto de lectura = reader place, reader seat [reader's seat], study place.
    * puestos de lectura = seating capacity, seating space, reading space.
    * rechazo a la lectura = aliteracy.
    * reserva de puestos de lectura = seat reservation.
    * rincón de la lectura = classroom reading corner.
    * rincón de lectura = book corner.
    * sála de lectura = reading room, reading area.
    * sala de lectura de periódicos = newsroom.
    * salón de lectura = browsing room.
    * sed de lectura = book hunger.
    * sesión de lectura = reading session.
    * tertulia de lectura = book club evening.
    * trabajo de lectura obligatoria = a must-read.

    * * *
    1 (acción) reading
    el secretario dio lectura al acta de la sesión anterior the secretary read the minutes of the previous meeting
    la lectura del contador de electricidad the electricity meter reading
    2 (texto) reading matter
    lecturas apropiadas para niños reading material o reading matter suitable for children
    4 (interpretación) interpretation, reading
    Compuesto:
    lectura rápida or veloz
    skim reading, speed reading
    * * *

     

    lectura sustantivo femenino




    lectura sustantivo femenino
    1 (acción) reading: hubo un error en la lectura del contador, there was a mistake in the meter reading
    2 (objeto de lectura) le gusta este tipo de lectura, she likes these kind of books
    3 (interpretación) interpretation: has hecho una lectura muy retorcida de su libro, you've come up with a strange interpretation of his book
    los especialistas ofrecen una lectura poco optimista de los acontecimientos, the experts painted a dismal view of events
    ' lectura' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    deuda
    - deudo
    - duda
    - tocha
    - tocho
    - afición
    - ligero
    English:
    matter
    - reader
    - reading
    - reading room
    - required
    - ROM
    - set book
    - sight-read
    - prescribe
    * * *
    1. [de libro, texto] reading;
    dar lectura a algo to read sth out loud
    2. Educ [de tesis] Br viva (voce), US defense
    3. [escrito] reading (matter);
    siempre voy de vacaciones con mucha lectura I always take plenty to read on Br holiday o US vacation
    4. [interpretación] reading, interpretation;
    mi lectura de la ley es completamente diferente my reading o interpretation of the law is completely different;
    hizo una lectura de la novela en clave política she gave a political reading o interpretation of the novel
    5. [de contador] reading
    6. Informát read-out;
    [de datos] scanning
    * * *
    f reading;
    dar lectura a algo read sth (out);
    tener varias lecturas fig have several interpretations
    * * *
    1) : reading
    2) : reading matter
    * * *
    lectura n reading

    Spanish-English dictionary > lectura

  • 91 unir

    v.
    1 to join (juntar) (pedazos, habitaciones).
    unió los dos palos con una cuerda he joined o tied the two sticks together with a piece of string
    Ellos unieron las telas They joined the fabrics.
    Ellos unieron los equipos They merged the teams.
    2 to connect, to link (comunicar) (ciudades, terminales, aparatos).
    El cable une la tubería The wire connects the tubing.
    3 to combine.
    en su obra une belleza y técnica her work combines beauty with technique
    unir algo a algo to add something to something
    4 to draw together, to assemble, to unify.
    El amor une a las personas Love draws people together.
    * * *
    1 (juntar) to unite, join, join together
    2 (combinar) to combine (a, with)
    3 (enlazar) to link (a, to)
    \
    unirse en matrimonio formal to unite in marriage
    * * *
    verb
    to unite, join, link
    - unirse a
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=acercar)
    a) [+ grupos, tendencias, pueblos] to unite
    b) [sentimientos] to unite
    c) [lazos] to link, bind
    2) (=atar) [contrato] to bind
    3) (=asociar, agrupar) to combine

    el esquí de fondo une dos actividades: montañismo y esquí — cross-country skiing combines two activities: mountaineering and skiing

    4) (=conectar) [carretera, vuelo, ferrocarril] to link ( con with)
    5) [+ objetos, piezas] [gen] to join, join together; [con pegamento, celo] to stick together; [con clavos, puntas] to fasten together
    6) (Culin) [+ líquidos] to mix; [+ salsa] to blend
    7) (Com) [+ compañías, intereses] to merge
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) < cables> to join; (con cola, pegamento) to stick... together; < esfuerzos> to combine

    los unió en matrimonio — (frml) he joined them in matrimony (frml)

    b) sentimientos/intereses to unite

    unida sentimentalmente a... — (period) romantically involved with...

    c) <características/cualidades/estilos> to combine
    2) ( comunicar) < lugares> to link
    3) ( fusionar) <empresas/organizaciones> to merge
    4) < salsa> to mix
    2.
    unirse v pron
    1)
    a) ( aliarse) personas/colectividades to join together
    b) características/cualidades to combine
    2) ( juntarse) caminos to converge, meet
    3) ( fusionarse) empresas/organizaciones to merge
    * * *
    = aggregate, bridge, connect, join together, link, marry, string, unite, confound, piece together, weld into/together, splice, bundle, pool, band, bind + Nombre + together, knit, knit, federate, conjoin, cement.
    Ex. You have attempted to aggregate the UDC class number incorrectly.
    Ex. BLAISE offers a variety of services bridging the cataloguing and information retrieval functions.
    Ex. Plainly, it is not always the case that there is a connection between farming and spelling, and many other documents can be identified where these subjects are not connected.
    Ex. A portfolio is a container for holding loose materials, e.g. paintings, drawings, papers, unbound sections of a book, and similar materials, consisting of two covers joined together at the back.
    Ex. These references operate in a similar fashion whether they are used to link authors' names or subject headings.
    Ex. At that time OCLC was already going strong, and we tried to find some backing from the State of New York and possibly from the federal government to marry those two systems.
    Ex. There is no question of stringing together simple concepts in a preferred citation order to produce a single index description of the summarized subject content of a document.
    Ex. It has become increasingly difficult to unite both categories in one union and demands for a trade union of library employees have been raised.
    Ex. The confounding of opposites is also common though, again, care has to be taken to see that we do not confound two subjects on which extensive literature exists.
    Ex. During his stay in Laputa, Captain Gulliver was very impressed by a book-writing machine which produced fragments of sentences which were dictated to scribes and later pieced together.
    Ex. The Department of Trade and Industry has undergone many changes over the years; it has been split into two separate departments and welded together again.
    Ex. A filmloop is a short length of film enclosed in a cassette and with the end of the film spliced on to the beginning so that it requires no rewinding.
    Ex. CD-ROM products that combine, or bundle, related information services will be at the forefront because of their usefulness to end-users.
    Ex. The results of two studies of the way reference librarians work were pooled to provide an understanding of the important features necessary in software for computerized reference work.
    Ex. The author advises banding retention policies to focus on a few clear options.
    Ex. People value the public library highly as an educational and community resource and the library acts as an 'information junction' to bind the community together.
    Ex. I want to knit that to another Internet format, which is the Web log -- the 'blog'.
    Ex. I want to knit that to another Internet format, which is the Web log -- the 'blog'.
    Ex. The usefulness of the many online periodicals and scientific digital libraries that exist today is limited by the inability to federate these resources through a unified interface.
    Ex. The grotesque is an effect achieved by conjoining disparate framents which do not realistically belong together.
    Ex. An in-house bulletin may serve to cement firm relationships with the library's personnel.
    ----
    * conseguir unir = rally.
    * unir a = tie (to), couple with.
    * unir esfuerzos = join + hands.
    * unir fuerzas = join + forces, pool + forces.
    * unir inextricablemente = interweave.
    * unir mediante espigas = tenon.
    * unir mediante hiperenlaces = hotlink [hot-link].
    * unir mediante mortaja = mortise.
    * unirse = come together, partner, bond, stand up as + one.
    * unirse a = ally with, join, hop on, join + Posesivo + ranks.
    * unirse a una conversación = chime in.
    * unirse en matrimonio = tie + the knot.
    * unir sin solapar = butt together.
    * volverse a unir a = rejoin.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) < cables> to join; (con cola, pegamento) to stick... together; < esfuerzos> to combine

    los unió en matrimonio — (frml) he joined them in matrimony (frml)

    b) sentimientos/intereses to unite

    unida sentimentalmente a... — (period) romantically involved with...

    c) <características/cualidades/estilos> to combine
    2) ( comunicar) < lugares> to link
    3) ( fusionar) <empresas/organizaciones> to merge
    4) < salsa> to mix
    2.
    unirse v pron
    1)
    a) ( aliarse) personas/colectividades to join together
    b) características/cualidades to combine
    2) ( juntarse) caminos to converge, meet
    3) ( fusionarse) empresas/organizaciones to merge
    * * *
    = aggregate, bridge, connect, join together, link, marry, string, unite, confound, piece together, weld into/together, splice, bundle, pool, band, bind + Nombre + together, knit, knit, federate, conjoin, cement.

    Ex: You have attempted to aggregate the UDC class number incorrectly.

    Ex: BLAISE offers a variety of services bridging the cataloguing and information retrieval functions.
    Ex: Plainly, it is not always the case that there is a connection between farming and spelling, and many other documents can be identified where these subjects are not connected.
    Ex: A portfolio is a container for holding loose materials, e.g. paintings, drawings, papers, unbound sections of a book, and similar materials, consisting of two covers joined together at the back.
    Ex: These references operate in a similar fashion whether they are used to link authors' names or subject headings.
    Ex: At that time OCLC was already going strong, and we tried to find some backing from the State of New York and possibly from the federal government to marry those two systems.
    Ex: There is no question of stringing together simple concepts in a preferred citation order to produce a single index description of the summarized subject content of a document.
    Ex: It has become increasingly difficult to unite both categories in one union and demands for a trade union of library employees have been raised.
    Ex: The confounding of opposites is also common though, again, care has to be taken to see that we do not confound two subjects on which extensive literature exists.
    Ex: During his stay in Laputa, Captain Gulliver was very impressed by a book-writing machine which produced fragments of sentences which were dictated to scribes and later pieced together.
    Ex: The Department of Trade and Industry has undergone many changes over the years; it has been split into two separate departments and welded together again.
    Ex: A filmloop is a short length of film enclosed in a cassette and with the end of the film spliced on to the beginning so that it requires no rewinding.
    Ex: CD-ROM products that combine, or bundle, related information services will be at the forefront because of their usefulness to end-users.
    Ex: The results of two studies of the way reference librarians work were pooled to provide an understanding of the important features necessary in software for computerized reference work.
    Ex: The author advises banding retention policies to focus on a few clear options.
    Ex: People value the public library highly as an educational and community resource and the library acts as an 'information junction' to bind the community together.
    Ex: I want to knit that to another Internet format, which is the Web log -- the 'blog'.
    Ex: I want to knit that to another Internet format, which is the Web log -- the 'blog'.
    Ex: The usefulness of the many online periodicals and scientific digital libraries that exist today is limited by the inability to federate these resources through a unified interface.
    Ex: The grotesque is an effect achieved by conjoining disparate framents which do not realistically belong together.
    Ex: An in-house bulletin may serve to cement firm relationships with the library's personnel.
    * conseguir unir = rally.
    * unir a = tie (to), couple with.
    * unir esfuerzos = join + hands.
    * unir fuerzas = join + forces, pool + forces.
    * unir inextricablemente = interweave.
    * unir mediante espigas = tenon.
    * unir mediante hiperenlaces = hotlink [hot-link].
    * unir mediante mortaja = mortise.
    * unirse = come together, partner, bond, stand up as + one.
    * unirse a = ally with, join, hop on, join + Posesivo + ranks.
    * unirse a una conversación = chime in.
    * unirse en matrimonio = tie + the knot.
    * unir sin solapar = butt together.
    * volverse a unir a = rejoin.

    * * *
    unir [I1 ]
    vt
    A
    1
    «persona»: unió los trozos con un pegamento she stuck the pieces together with glue
    unió los cables con cinta aislante he joined the wires with insulating tape
    ha unido dos estilos muy diferentes he has combined two very different styles
    el sacerdote los unió en matrimonio ( frml); the priest joined them in matrimony ( frml)
    unamos nuestros esfuerzos let us combine our efforts
    2 «sentimientos/intereses» to unite
    los unía el deseo de … they were united by their desire to …
    los une su afición al deporte their love of sport binds them together o acts as a bond between them o unites them
    el amor que nos une the love which unites us
    unida sentimentalmente a … ( period); romantically involved with …
    3 ‹características/cualidades› unir algo A algo to combine sth WITH sth
    une a su inteligencia una gran madurez he combines intelligence with great maturity
    B (comunicar) to link
    la nueva carretera une los dos pueblos the new road links the two towns
    el puente aéreo que une las dos ciudades the shuttle service which runs between o links the two cities
    C ‹salsa› to mix
    ■ unirse
    A
    1 (aliarse) «personas/colectividades» to join together
    se unieron para hacer un frente común they joined forces o united in a common cause
    los dos países se unieron en una federación the two countries joined together to form a federation
    se unieron en matrimonio they were married, they were joined in matrimony ( frml)
    varias empresas se unieron para formar un consorcio several companies joined together o came together o combined to form a consortium
    unirse A algo:
    se unió a nuestra causa he joined our cause
    2 «características/cualidades» to combine
    en él se unen la ambición y el orgullo ambition and pride come together o combine in him, he combines ambition with pride
    a su belleza se une una gran simpatía her beauty is combined with a very likable personality
    B (juntarse) «caminos» to converge, meet
    donde el tráfico del oeste se une con el del norte where traffic from the west converges with o meets traffic from the north
    * * *

     

    unir ( conjugate unir) verbo transitivo
    1
    a) ‹ cables› to join;

    (con cola, pegamento) to stick … together;
    ‹ esfuerzos› to combine
    b) [sentimientos/intereses] to unite

    c) ‹características/cualidades/estilos› to combine;

    unir algo a algo to combine sth with sth
    2 ( comunicar) ‹ lugares› to link
    3 ( fusionar) ‹empresas/organizaciones› to merge
    unirse verbo pronominal
    1 ( aliarse) [personas/colectividades] to join together;

    2 ( juntarse) [ caminos] to converge, meet
    3 ( fusionarse) [empresas/organizaciones] to merge
    unir verbo transitivo
    1 (cables, conexiones) to join, unite
    2 (esfuerzos, intereses) to join
    (asociar, fusionar) unieron sus empresas, they merged their companies
    3 (comunicar) to link: ese camino une las dos aldeas, that path links the two villages
    ' unir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acercar
    - casar
    - empalmar
    - fundir
    - juntar
    - ligar
    - remachar
    - vincular
    English:
    bond
    - cement
    - connect
    - couple
    - join
    - join up
    - link
    - neither
    - screw together
    - stick together
    - unite
    - yoke
    - amalgamate
    - bring
    - marry
    - reunite
    - splice
    - unify
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [juntar] [pedazos, piezas, habitaciones] to join;
    [empresas, estados, facciones] to unite; Informát [archivos] to merge;
    unió los dos palos con una cuerda he joined o tied the two sticks with a piece of string;
    debemos unir fuerzas we must combine forces
    2. [relacionar] [personas]
    aquella experiencia les unió mucho that experience made them very close;
    les une una fuerte amistad they are very close friends, they share a very close friendship;
    les une su pasión por la música they share a passion for music;
    los lazos que nos unen the ties that bind us;
    Formal
    unir a dos personas en (santo) matrimonio to join two people in (holy) matrimony
    3. [comunicar] [ciudades, terminales, aparatos] to connect, to link;
    la línea férrea que une la capital a o [m5] con la costa the railway o US railroad between o which links the capital and the coast
    4. [combinar] to combine;
    en su obra une belleza y técnica her work combines beauty with technique;
    unir algo a algo [añadir] to add sth to sth;
    a la desinformación hay que unir también el desinterés de la gente in addition to the lack of information, we have to take into account people's lack of interest
    5. [mezclar] to mix o blend in;
    una la mantequilla con el azúcar cream together the butter and the sugar
    * * *
    v/t
    1 join
    2 personas unite
    3 características combine ( con with)
    4 ciudades link
    * * *
    unir vt
    1) juntar: to unite, to join, to link
    2) combinar: to combine, to blend
    * * *
    unir vb
    1. (juntar) to join
    2. (comunicar) to link
    3. (relacionar) to unite

    Spanish-English dictionary > unir

  • 92 guère

    guère [gεʀ]
    adverb
    ► ne... guère ( = pas beaucoup) not much ; ( = pas souvent) hardly ever ; ( = pas longtemps) not long
    • il n'y a guère de monde there's hardly or scarcely anybody there
    • il n'y a guère que lui qui... he's about the only one who...
    * * *
    gɛʀ
    3) ( avec un verbe) hardly

    il n'avait guère le choix — he didn't really have a choice, he had little choice

    * * *
    ɡɛʀ adv

    Les prévisions ne sont guère optimistes. — The forecasts are scarcely optimistic.

    Ce n'est guère mieux. — It's scarcely any better., (avec verbe) not much

    Il ne mange guère. — He doesn't eat much.

    Elle ne sort guère. — She hardly ever goes out.

    Cela n'aurait guère duré. — It wouldn't have lasted long.

    ne... guère de; Il n'y a plus guère de vrais aventuriers. — There aren't many true adventurers left.

    il n'y a guère que... (rien d'autre) — there's hardly anything but..., (personne d'autre) there's hardly anybody but...

    Il n'y a guère que lui pour y croire. — He's about the only one who believes it.

    * * *
    guère adv
    1 ( modifiant un adjectif) les résultats n'étaient guère probants/différents/meilleurs le mois suivant the results were hardly convincing/any different/any better the following month; les étudiants ne sont guère optimistes/préparés the students aren't very optimistic/really prepared;
    2 ( modifiant un adverbe) et le mois suivant ça n'a guère été mieux and the following month it was hardly any better; l'appareil ne coûte guère plus de 1 000 euros the appliance doesn't cost much more than 1,000 euros; il ne faut guère plus de dix minutes pour faire it won't take much more than ten minutes to do;
    3 ( modifiant un verbe) il n'a guère mangé he hardly ate, he ate hardly anything; ne guère manifester d'enthousiasme to show hardly any enthusiasm; la situation n'a guère évolué the situation has hardly changed; on ne remarque guère la différence you can hardly tell the difference; je n'ai guère eu de mal à les convaincre I didn't have much trouble convincing them, I hardly had any trouble convincing them; je n'ai guère les moyens de faire I can barely ou hardly afford to do; aujourd'hui la question n'a guère d'importance today the question hardly matters ou is hardly important; il n'apprécie guère ta décontraction he doesn't much care for your casual attitude; on ne voit guère comment elle pourra s'en sortir it is hard to see how she'll be able to manage; il n'avait guère le choix he didn't really have a choice, he had little choice; je n'ai guère l'habitude de faire I'm not really in the habit of doing; ils ne se font guère d'illusion sur leur avenir they don't hold out much hope for their future; elle n'a guère de chances de retrouver du travail she has little chance of finding another job; hors contexte les chiffres n'ont guère de sens out of context the figures are practically meaningless; il ne fait guère de doute que there is little doubt that.
    [gɛr] adverbe
    1. [employé avec 'ne']
    je n'aime guère cela I don't much like that, I don't like that much
    il n'y a plus guère de noyers dans la région there are hardly ou scarcely any walnut trees left in this area
    il n'a guère plus de vingt ans he is barely ou scarcely twenty years old
    2. [dans une réponse]

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > guère

  • 93 БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ

    Мы приняли следующие сокращения для наиболее часто упоминаемых книг и журналов:
    IJP - International Journal of Psycho-analysis
    JAPA - Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
    SE - Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, ed. James Strachey (London: Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis, 1953—74.)
    PSOC - Psychoanalytic Study of the Child (New Haven: Yale University Press)
    PQ - Psychoanalytic Quarterly
    WAF - The Writings of Anna Freud, ed. Anna Freud (New York: International Universities Press, 1966—74)
    PMC - Psychoanalysis The Major Concepts ed. Burness E. Moore and Bernard D. Fine (New Haven: Yale University Press)
    \
    О словаре: _about - Psychoanalytic Terms and Concepts
    \
    1. Abend, S. M. Identity. PMC. Forthcoming.
    2. Abend, S. M. (1974) Problems of identity. PQ, 43.
    3. Abend, S. M., Porder, M. S. & Willick, M. S. (1983) Borderline Patients. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    4. Abraham, K. (1916) The first pregenital stage of libido. Selected Papers. London, Hogarth Press, 1948.
    5. Abraham, K. (1917) Ejaculatio praecox. In: selected Papers. New York Basic Books.
    6. Abraham, K. (1921) Contributions to the theory of the anal character. Selected Papers. New York: Basic Books, 1953.
    7. Abraham, K. (1924) A Short study of the development of the libido, viewed in the light of mental disorders. In: Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1927.
    8. Abraham, K. (1924) Manic-depressive states and the pre-genital levels of the libido. In: Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1949.
    9. Abraham, K. (1924) Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1948.
    10. Abraham, K. (1924) The influence of oral erotism on character formation. Ibid.
    11. Abraham, K. (1925) The history of an impostor in the light of psychoanalytic knowledge. In: Clinical Papers and Essays on Psychoanalysis. New York: Basic Books, 1955, vol. 2.
    12. Abrams, S. (1971) The psychoanalytic unconsciousness. In: The Unconscious Today, ed. M. Kanzer. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    13. Abrams, S. (1981) Insight. PSOC, 36.
    14. Abse, D W. (1985) The depressive character In Depressive States and their Treatment, ed. V. Volkan New York: Jason Aronson.
    15. Abse, D. W. (1985) Hysteria and Related Mental Disorders. Bristol: John Wright.
    16. Ackner, B. (1954) Depersonalization. J. Ment. Sci., 100.
    17. Adler, A. (1924) Individual Psychology. New York: Harcourt, Brace.
    18. Akhtar, S. (1984) The syndrome of identity diffusion. Amer. J. Psychiat., 141.
    19. Alexander, F. (1950) Psychosomatic Medicine. New York: Norton.
    20. Allen, D. W. (1974) The Feat- of Looking. Charlottesvill, Va: Univ. Press of Virginia.
    21. Allen, D. W. (1980) Psychoanalytic treatment of the exhibitionist. In: Exhibitionist, Description, Assessment, and Treatment, ed. D. Cox. New York: Garland STPM Press.
    22. Allport, G. (1937) Personality. New York: Henry Holt.
    23. Almansi, R. J. (1960) The face-breast equation. JAPA, 6.
    24. Almansi, R. J. (1979) Scopophilia and object loss. PQ, 47.
    25. Altman, L. Z. (1969) The Dream in Psychoanalysis. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    26. Altman, L. Z. (1977) Some vicissitudes of love. JAPA, 25.
    27. American Psychiatric Association. (1987) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3d ed. revised. Washington, D. C.
    28. Ansbacher, Z. & Ansbacher, R. (1956) The Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler. New York: Basic Books.
    29. Anthony, E. J. (1981) Shame, guilt, and the feminine self in psychoanalysis. In: Object and Self, ed. S. Tuttman, C. Kaye & M. Zimmerman. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    30. Arlow. J. A. (1953) Masturbation and symptom formation. JAPA, 1.
    31. Arlow. J. A. (1959) The structure of the deja vu experience. JAPA, 7.
    32. Arlow. J. A. (1961) Ego psychology and the study of mythology. JAPA, 9.
    33. Arlow. J. A. (1963) Conflict, regression and symptom formation. IJP, 44.
    34. Arlow. J. A. (1966) Depersonalization and derealization. In: Psychoanalysis: A General Psychology, ed. R. M. Loewenstein, L. M. Newman, M. Schur & A. J. Solnit. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    35. Arlow. J. A. (1969) Fantasy, memory and reality testing. PQ, 38.
    36. Arlow. J. A. (1969) Unconscious fantasy and disturbances of mental experience. PQ, 38.
    37. Arlow. J. A. (1970) The psychopathology of the psychoses. IJP, 51.
    38. Arlow. J. A. (1975) The structural hypothesis. PQ, 44.
    39. Arlow. J. A. (1977) Affects and the psychoanalytic situation. IJP, 58.
    40. Arlow. J. A. (1979) Metaphor and the psychoanalytic situation. PQ, 48.
    41. Arlow. J. A. (1979) The genesis of interpretation. JAPA, 27 (suppl.).
    42. Arlow. J. A. (1982) Problems of the superego concept. PSOC, 37.
    43. Arlow. J. A. (1984) Disturbances of the sense of time. PQ, 53.
    44. Arlow. J. A. (1985) Some technical problems of countertransference. PQ, 54.
    45. Arlow, J. A. & Brenner, C. (1963) Psychoanalytic Concepts and the Structural Theory, New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    46. Arlow, J. A. & Brenner, C. (1969) The psychopathology of the psychoses. IJP, 50.
    47. Asch, S. S. (1966) Depression. PSOC, 21.
    48. Asch, S. S. (1976) Varieties of negative therapeutic reactions and problems of technique. JAPA, 24.
    49. Atkins, N. (1970) The Oedipus myth. Adolescence, and the succession of generations. JAPA, 18.
    50. Atkinson, J. W. & Birch, D. (1970) The Dynamics of Action. New York: Wiley.
    51. Bachrach, H. M. & Leaff, L. A. (1978) Analyzability. JAPA, 26.
    52. Bacon, C. (1956) A developmental theory of female homosexuality. In: Perversions,ed, S. Lorand & M. Balint. New York: Gramercy.
    53. Bak, R. C. (1953) Fetishism. JAPA. 1.
    54. Bak, R. C. (1968) The phallic woman. PSOC, 23.
    55. Bak, R. C. & Stewart, W. A. (1974) Fetishism, transvestism, and voyeurism. An American Handbook of Psychiatry, ed. S. Arieti. New York: Basic Books, vol. 3.
    56. Balint, A. (1949) Love for mother and mother-love. IJP, 30.
    57. Balter, L., Lothane, Z. & Spencer, J. H. (1980) On the analyzing instrument, PQ, 49.
    58. Basch, M. F. (1973) Psychoanalysis and theory formation. Ann. Psychoanal., 1.
    59. Basch, M. F. (1976) The concept of affect. JAPA, 24.
    60. Basch, M. F. (1981) Selfobject disorders and psychoanalytic theory. JAPA, 29.
    61. Basch, M. F. (1983) Emphatic understanding. JAPA. 31.
    62. Balldry, F. Character. PMC. Forthcoming.
    63. Balldry, F. (1983) The evolution of the concept of character in Freud's writings. JAPA. 31.
    64. Begelman, D. A. (1971) Misnaming, metaphors, the medical model and some muddles. Psychiatry, 34.
    65. Behrends, R. S. & Blatt, E. J. (1985) Internalization and psychological development throughout the life cycle. PSOC, 40.
    66. Bell, A. (1961) Some observations on the role of the scrotal sac and testicles JAPA, 9.
    67. Benedeck, T. (1949) The psychosomatic implications of the primary unit. Amer. J. Orthopsychiat., 19.
    68. Beres, C. (1958) Vicissitudes of superego functions and superego precursors in childhood. FSOC, 13.
    69. Beres, D. Conflict. PMC. Forthcoming.
    70. Beres, D. (1956) Ego deviation and the concept of schizophrenia. PSOC, 11.
    71. Beres, D. (1960) Perception, imagination and reality. IJP, 41.
    72. Beres, D. (1960) The psychoanalytic psychology of imagination. JAPA, 8.
    73. Beres, D. & Joseph, E. D. (1965) Structure and function in psychoanalysis. IJP, 46.
    74. Beres, D. (1970) The concept of mental representation in psychoanalysis. IJP, 51.
    75. Berg, M D. (1977) The externalizing transference. IJP, 58.
    76. Bergeret, J. (1985) Reflection on the scientific responsi bilities of the International Psychoanalytical Association. Memorandum distributed at 34th IPA Congress, Humburg.
    77. Bergman, A. (1978) From mother to the world outside. In: Grolnick et. al. (1978).
    78. Bergmann, M. S. (1980) On the intrapsychic function of falling in love. PQ, 49.
    79. Berliner, B. (1966) Psychodynamics of the depressive character. Psychoanal. Forum, 1.
    80. Bernfeld, S. (1931) Zur Sublimierungslehre. Imago, 17.
    81. Bibring, E. (1937) On the theory of the therapeutic results of psychoanalysis. IJP, 18.
    82. Bibring, E. (1941) The conception of the repetition compulsion. PQ, 12.
    83. Bibring, E. (1953) The mechanism of depression. In: Affective Disorders, ed. P. Greenacre. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    84. Bibring, E. (1954) Psychoanalysis and the dynamic psychotherapies. JAPA, 2.
    85. Binswanger, H. (1963) Positive aspects of the animus. Zьrich: Spring.
    86. Bion Francesca Abingdon: Fleetwood Press.
    87. Bion, W. R. (1952) Croup dynamics. IJP, 33.
    88. Bion, W. R. (1961) Experiences in Groups. London: Tavistock.
    89. Bion, W. R. (1962) A theory of thinking. IJP, 40.
    90. Bion, W. R. (1962) Learning from Experience. London: William Heinemann.
    91. Bion, W. R. (1963) Elements of Psychoanalysis. London: William Heinemann.
    92. Bion, W. R. (1965) Transformations. London: William Heinemann.
    93. Bion, W. R. (1970) Attention and Interpretation. London: Tavistock.
    94. Bion, W. R. (1985) All My Sins Remembered, ed. Francesca Bion. Adingdon: Fleetwood Press.
    95. Bird, B. (1972) Notes on transference. JAPA, 20.
    96. Blanck, G. & Blanck, R. (1974) Ego Psychology. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.
    97. Blatt, S. J. (1974) Levels of object representation in anaclitic and introjective depression. PSOC, 29.
    98. Blau, A. (1955) A unitary hypothesis of emotion. PQ, 24.
    99. Bleuler, E. (1911) Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias. New York: Int. Univ. Press, 1951.
    100. Blos, P. (1954) Prolonged adolescence. Amer. J. Orthopsychiat., 24.
    101. Blos, P. (1962) On Adolescence. New York: Free Press.
    102. Blos, P. (1972) The epigenesia of the adult neurosis. 27.
    103. Blos, P. (1979) Modification in the traditional psychoanalytic theory of adolescent development. Adolescent Psychiat., 8.
    104. Blos, P. (1984) Son and father. JAPA_. 32.
    105. Blum, G. S. (1963) Prepuberty and adolescence, In Studies ed. R. E. Grinder. New York: McMillan.
    106. Blum, H. P. Symbolism. FMC. Forthcoming.
    107. Blum, H. P. (1976) Female Psychology. JAPA, 24 (suppl.).
    108. Blum, H. P. (1976) Masochism, the ego ideal and the psychology of women. JAPA, 24 (suppl.).
    109. Blum, H. P. (1980) The value of reconstruction in adult psychoanalysis. IJP, 61.
    110. Blum, H. P. (1981) Forbidden quest and the analytic ideal. PQ, 50.
    111. Blum, H. P. (1983) Defense and resistance. Foreword. JAFA, 31.
    112. Blum, H. P., Kramer, Y., Richards, A. K. & Richards, A. D., eds. (1988) Fantasy, Myth and Reality: Essays in Honor of Jacob A. Arlow. Madison, Conn.: Int. Univ. Press.
    113. Boehm, F. (1930) The femininity-complex In men. IJP,11.
    114. Boesky, D. Structural theory. PMC. Forthcoming.
    115. Boesky, D. (1973) Deja raconte as a screen defense. PQ, 42.
    116. Boesky, D. (1982) Acting out. IJP, 63.
    117. Boesky, D. (1986) Questions about Sublimation In Psychoanalysis the Science of Mental Conflict, ed. A. D. Richards & M. S. Willick. Hillsdale, N. J.: Analytic Press.
    118. Bornstein, B. (1935) Phobia in a 2 1/2-year-old child. PQ, 4.
    119. Bornstein, B. (1951) On latency. PSOC, 6.
    120. Bornstein, M., ed. (1983) Values and neutrality in psychoanalysis. Psychoanal. Inquiry, 3.
    121. Bowlby, J. (1960) Grief and morning in infancy and early childhood. PSOC. 15.
    122. Bowlby, J. (1961) Process of mourning. IJP. 42.
    123. Bowlby, J. (1980) Attachment and Loss, vol. 3. New York: Basic Books.
    124. Bradlow, P. A. (1973) Depersonalization, ego splitting, non-human fantasy and shame. IJP, 54.
    125. Brazelton, T. B., Kozlowsky, B. & Main, M. (1974) The early motherinfant interaction. In: The Effect of the Infant on Its Caregiver, ed. M. Lewis & L. Rosenblum New York Wiley.
    126. Brenner, C. (1957) The nature and development of the concept of repression in Freud's writings. PSOC, 12.
    127. Brenner, C. (1959) The masochistic character. JAPA, 7.
    128. Brenner, C. (1973) An Elementary Textbook of Psycho-analysis. New York Int. Univ. Press.
    129. Brenner, C. (1974) On the nature and development of affects PQ, 43.
    130. Brenner, C. (1976) Psychoanalytic Technique and Psychic Conflict. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    131. Brenner, C. (1979) The Mind in Conflict. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    132. Brenner, C. (1979) Working alliance, therapeutic alliance and transference. JAPA, 27.
    133. Brenner, C. (1981) Defense and defense mechanisms. PQ, 50.
    134. Brenner, C. (1983) Defense. In: the Mind in Conflict. New York Int. Univ. Press.
    135. Bressler, B. (1965) The concept of the self. Psychoanalytic Review, 52.
    136. Breuer, J. & Freud, S. (1983—95) Studies on Hysteria. SE, 3.
    137. Breznitz, S., ed. (1983) The Denial of Stress. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    138. Brody, S. (1964) Passivity. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    139. Brown, H. (1970) Psycholinquistics. New York: Free Press.
    140. Bruner, J. S. (1964) The course of cognitive growth. Amer. Psychologist. 19.
    141. Bruner, J., Jolly, A. & Sylva, K. (1976) Play. New York Basic Books.
    142. Bruner, J. E., Olver, R. R. &Greenfield, P. M. (1966) Studies in Cognitive Growth. New York: Wiley.
    143. Buie, D H. (1981) Empathy. JAPA, 29.
    144. Burgner, M. & Edgeumble, R. (1972) Some problems in the conceptualization of early object relationships. PSOC, 27.
    145. Call, J. ed. (1979) Basic Handbook of Child Psychiatry. New York: Basic Books.
    146. Carroll, G. (1956) Language, Thought and Reality. Cambridge & London: M. I. T. Press & John Wiley.
    147. Cavenar, J. O. & Nash, J. L. (1976) The effects of Combat on the normal personality. Comprehensive Psychiat., 17.
    148. Chassequet-Smirgel, J. (1978) Reflections on the connection between perversion and sadism. IJP, 59.
    149. Chomsky, N. (1978) Language and unconscious knowledge. In: Psychoanalysis and Language, ed. J. H. Smith. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, vol. 3.
    150. Clower, V. (1975) Significance of masturbation in female sexual development and function. In: Masturbation from Infancy to Senescence, ed. I. Marcus & J. Francis. New York: Int. Uni" Press.
    151. Coen, S. J. & Bradlow, P. A. (1982) Twin transference as a compromise formation. JAPA, 30.
    152. Compton, A. Object and relationships. PMC. Forthcoming.
    153. Cullen, W. (1777) First Lines of the Practice of Psysic. Edinburgh: Bell, Brandfute.
    154. Curtis, B. C. (1969) Psychoanalytic understanding and treatment of impotence. In: Sexual Function and Dysfunction, ed. P. J. Fink & V. B. O. Hummett. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.
    155. Darwin, C. (1874) The Descent of Man. New York: Hurst.
    156. Davidoff-Hirsch, H. (1985) Oedipal and preoedipal phenomena. JAPA, 33.
    157. Davis, M. & Wallbridge, D. (1981) Boundary and Space. New York: Brunner-Mazel.
    158. Deutsch, H. (1932) Homosexuality in women. PQ, 1.
    159. Deutsch, H. (1934) Some forms of emotional disturbance and their relationship to schizophrenia. PQ, 11.
    160. Deutsch, H. (1937) Absence of grief. PQ, 6.
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  • 94 sampling

    1. Mktg
    a sales promotion technique in which customers and prospects are offered a free sample of a product
    2. Ops
    the selection of a small proportion of a set of items being studied, from which valid inferences about the whole set or population can be made. Sampling makes it possible to obtain valid research results when it is impracticable to survey the whole population. The size of the sample needed for valid results depends on a number of factors, including the uniformity of the population being studied and the level of accuracy required. The technique is based on the laws of probability, and a number of different sampling methods can be used, including random sampling and nonrandom sampling. Specialized applications of sampling include activity sampling, acceptance sampling, and attribute sampling.

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  • 95 Memory

       To what extent can we lump together what goes on when you try to recall: (1) your name; (2) how you kick a football; and (3) the present location of your car keys? If we use introspective evidence as a guide, the first seems an immediate automatic response. The second may require constructive internal replay prior to our being able to produce a verbal description. The third... quite likely involves complex operational responses under the control of some general strategy system. Is any unitary search process, with a single set of characteristics and inputoutput relations, likely to cover all these cases? (Reitman, 1970, p. 485)
       [Semantic memory] Is a mental thesaurus, organized knowledge a person possesses about words and other verbal symbols, their meanings and referents, about relations among them, and about rules, formulas, and algorithms for the manipulation of these symbols, concepts, and relations. Semantic memory does not register perceptible properties of inputs, but rather cognitive referents of input signals. (Tulving, 1972, p. 386)
       The mnemonic code, far from being fixed and unchangeable, is structured and restructured along with general development. Such a restructuring of the code takes place in close dependence on the schemes of intelligence. The clearest indication of this is the observation of different types of memory organisation in accordance with the age level of a child so that a longer interval of retention without any new presentation, far from causing a deterioration of memory, may actually improve it. (Piaget & Inhelder, 1973, p. 36)
       4) The Logic of Some Memory Theorization Is of Dubious Worth in the History of Psychology
       If a cue was effective in memory retrieval, then one could infer it was encoded; if a cue was not effective, then it was not encoded. The logic of this theorization is "heads I win, tails you lose" and is of dubious worth in the history of psychology. We might ask how long scientists will puzzle over questions with no answers. (Solso, 1974, p. 28)
       We have iconic, echoic, active, working, acoustic, articulatory, primary, secondary, episodic, semantic, short-term, intermediate-term, and longterm memories, and these memories contain tags, traces, images, attributes, markers, concepts, cognitive maps, natural-language mediators, kernel sentences, relational rules, nodes, associations, propositions, higher-order memory units, and features. (Eysenck, 1977, p. 4)
       The problem with the memory metaphor is that storage and retrieval of traces only deals [ sic] with old, previously articulated information. Memory traces can perhaps provide a basis for dealing with the "sameness" of the present experience with previous experiences, but the memory metaphor has no mechanisms for dealing with novel information. (Bransford, McCarrell, Franks & Nitsch, 1977, p. 434)
       7) The Results of a Hundred Years of the Psychological Study of Memory Are Somewhat Discouraging
       The results of a hundred years of the psychological study of memory are somewhat discouraging. We have established firm empirical generalisations, but most of them are so obvious that every ten-year-old knows them anyway. We have made discoveries, but they are only marginally about memory; in many cases we don't know what to do with them, and wear them out with endless experimental variations. We have an intellectually impressive group of theories, but history offers little confidence that they will provide any meaningful insight into natural behavior. (Neisser, 1978, pp. 12-13)
       A schema, then is a data structure for representing the generic concepts stored in memory. There are schemata representing our knowledge about all concepts; those underlying objects, situations, events, sequences of events, actions and sequences of actions. A schema contains, as part of its specification, the network of interrelations that is believed to normally hold among the constituents of the concept in question. A schema theory embodies a prototype theory of meaning. That is, inasmuch as a schema underlying a concept stored in memory corresponds to the mean ing of that concept, meanings are encoded in terms of the typical or normal situations or events that instantiate that concept. (Rumelhart, 1980, p. 34)
       Memory appears to be constrained by a structure, a "syntax," perhaps at quite a low level, but it is free to be variable, deviant, even erratic at a higher level....
       Like the information system of language, memory can be explained in part by the abstract rules which underlie it, but only in part. The rules provide a basic competence, but they do not fully determine performance. (Campbell, 1982, pp. 228, 229)
       When people think about the mind, they often liken it to a physical space, with memories and ideas as objects contained within that space. Thus, we speak of ideas being in the dark corners or dim recesses of our minds, and of holding ideas in mind. Ideas may be in the front or back of our minds, or they may be difficult to grasp. With respect to the processes involved in memory, we talk about storing memories, of searching or looking for lost memories, and sometimes of finding them. An examination of common parlance, therefore, suggests that there is general adherence to what might be called the spatial metaphor. The basic assumptions of this metaphor are that memories are treated as objects stored in specific locations within the mind, and the retrieval process involves a search through the mind in order to find specific memories....
       However, while the spatial metaphor has shown extraordinary longevity, there have been some interesting changes over time in the precise form of analogy used. In particular, technological advances have influenced theoretical conceptualisations.... The original Greek analogies were based on wax tablets and aviaries; these were superseded by analogies involving switchboards, gramophones, tape recorders, libraries, conveyor belts, and underground maps. Most recently, the workings of human memory have been compared to computer functioning... and it has been suggested that the various memory stores found in computers have their counterparts in the human memory system. (Eysenck, 1984, pp. 79-80)
       Primary memory [as proposed by William James] relates to information that remains in consciousness after it has been perceived, and thus forms part of the psychological present, whereas secondary memory contains information about events that have left consciousness, and are therefore part of the psychological past. (Eysenck, 1984, p. 86)
       Once psychologists began to study long-term memory per se, they realized it may be divided into two main categories.... Semantic memories have to do with our general knowledge about the working of the world. We know what cars do, what stoves do, what the laws of gravity are, and so on. Episodic memories are largely events that took place at a time and place in our personal history. Remembering specific events about our own actions, about our family, and about our individual past falls into this category. With amnesia or in aging, what dims... is our personal episodic memories, save for those that are especially dear or painful to us. Our knowledge of how the world works remains pretty much intact. (Gazzaniga, 1988, p. 42)
       The nature of memory... provides a natural starting point for an analysis of thinking. Memory is the repository of many of the beliefs and representations that enter into thinking, and the retrievability of these representations can limit the quality of our thought. (Smith, 1990, p. 1)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Memory

  • 96 ситуация

    situation
    • Будет полезно использовать ситуацию1, в которой... - It will be useful to explore the circumstances under which...
    • Будет полезно рассмотреть эту ситуацию с более общей точки зрения. - It will be useful to consider this situation more generally.
    • Бывают сложные ситуации, когда интуиция обманывается. - There are complex situations that baffle the intuition.
    • В большинстве практических ситуаций ничего из этой информации не дано. - In most practical situations, neither of these pieces of information is given.
    • В большинстве практических ситуациях это не важно, потому что... - In most practical cases this is not important since...
    • В менее критических ситуациях возможно (указать и т. п.)... - For less critical cases, it is possible to...
    • В некоторых ситуациях бывает возможно... - In some situations it is possible to...
    • В обычной ситуации ожидалось бы, что... - Normally, it would be expected that...
    • В подобной неопределенной ситуации экспериментатор понимает, что... - In such an uncertain situation, the experimenter realizes that...
    • В подобной ситуации мы могли бы задать два вопроса... - In such a situation, we might ask two questions:...
    • В подобной ситуации необходимо... - In such a situation, it is necessary to...
    • В следующей главе мы упростим ситуацию, рассматривая случай... - In the next chapter we simplify matters by considering the case of...
    • В таких ситуациях кажется малоправдоподобным, что... - In these situations it seems unlikely that...
    • В такой ситуации имеет смысл (вычислить и т. п.)... - In this situation it pays to...
    • В такой ситуации мы часто говорим, что... - In this situation, we often say that...
    • В этой ситуации естественно определить... - In this situation it is natural to define...
    • В этой ситуации мы будем иметь дело... - In this context we shall deal with...
    • В этой ситуации хорошо известно, что... - In this situation it is well known that...
    • Важная ситуация возникает, когда... - An important situation arises when...
    • Во многих ситуациях относительно легко (вычислить и т. п.)... - In many situations it is relatively easy to...
    • Возможна также (и) более сложная ситуация. - A more complicated situation is also possible.
    • Данная ситуация адекватно иллюстрируется... - The situation is adequately illustrated by...
    • Данная ситуация напоминает о... - The situation is reminiscent of...
    • Данная ситуация подобна той, где/ когда... - The situation is similar to that of...
    • И это могло бы создать ситуацию, где... - And this might create the situation where...
    • Идеальная ситуация достигается, когда... - The ideal situation is reached when...
    • Изучение таких ситуаций обеспечивает... - The study of such situations provides...
    • Иногда у нас возникает ситуация, что... - Sometimes we have the situation that...
    • Как мы сейчас увидим, это другая ситуация. - But here the situation is different, as we shall now see.
    • Мы возвращаемся к стандартной ситуации, в которой... - We revert to the standard situation in which...
    • Мы можем взглянуть на эту ситуацию с более общей точки зрения следующим образом. - We can look at this situation in general terms as follows.
    • Мы можем исправить эту ситуацию, предприняв два шага. - We can remedy this situation by taking two steps.
    • Мы промоделируем ситуацию следующим образом. - We model the situation as follows.
    • Мы рассматриваем относительно простую ситуацию, в которой... - We consider a relatively simple situation in which...
    • Мы уже видели в других ситуациях, что... - We have seen in other circumstances that...
    • На самом деле, такая ситуация возникает, потому что... - Effectively, the situation arises because...
    • Обычная ситуация состоит в том, что... - The normal situation is that...
    • Однако бывают ситуации, когда удобно... - There are occasions, however, when it is convenient to...
    • Однако ситуация не всегда так очевидна, как эта. - Things are not always as obvious as this, however.
    • Однако ситуация усложняется, когда... - However, things are less simple when...
    • Особая ситуация осуществляется, если мы... - A special situation results if we...
    • Особенно простой является ситуация, когда... - A particularly simple situation is that in which...
    • Очевидно, что эта ситуация возникает просто потому, что... - It is obvious that this situation arises simply because...
    • Очевидным средством для исправления ситуации здесь является... - The obvious remedy is to...
    • Подобная ситуация возникнет (каждый раз), когда мы рассматриваем... - A similar situation will arise when we discuss...
    • Подобная ситуация существует в случае, когда/где... - A similar situation exists in the case of...
    • Подобные методы могут использоваться в более сложных ситуациях. - Similar methods may be employed in more complicated cases.
    • Простейший пример такой ситуации дается специальным случаем... - The simplest example of such a situation is the special case of...
    • Пытаясь улучшить ситуацию, мы приходим к... - In an attempt to improve on this situation, one is led to...
    • Сегодня ситуация существенно отличается. - The situation is very different today.
    • Ситуация еще менее понятна, если... - The situation is even less clear if...
    • Ситуация меняется, если мы... - The situation changes if we...
    • Ситуация становится проще в случае, когда... - The situation is slightly simpler in the case where...
    • Ситуация улучшается в случае, когда... - The situation is improved in the case of...
    • Физически эта ситуация не очень важна, поскольку... - Physically this situation is not very important, since...
    • Чтобы прояснить ситуацию, мы вводим... - То clarify the situation we introduce...
    • Чтобы справиться с подобной ситуацией, нам необходимо... - In order to handle such a situation, we need to...
    • Чтобы эффективно действовать в подобной ситуации, мы должны... - In order to deal effectively with circumstances of this kind, we must...
    • Эта ситуация лучше всего описывается в сферических координатах. - The situation is best described in spherical coordinates.
    • Эта ситуация может также возникнуть, если... - This situation may also arise if...
    • Эта ситуация настолько обычна, что... - This situation is so common that...
    • Эта ситуация представлена на рис. 4. - This situation is represented by Figure 4.
    • Эта ситуация рассматривается в главах 2 и 3. - This situation is treated in Chapters 2 and 3.
    • Это может упростить ситуацию... - It may simplify matters to...
    • Это не является незнакомой ситуацией (= Это знакомая ситуация). - This is not an unfamiliar situation.
    • Это типичная ситуация. - This is a typical situation.

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > ситуация

  • 97 clasificación

    f.
    1 classification, bracket, sorting, categorization.
    2 classified results.
    3 league table, placing in league rank, placing.
    4 classification, break-down, grading.
    * * *
    1 (gen) classification
    2 (distribución) sorting, filing
    3 DEPORTE league, table
    4 (de discos) top twenty, hit parade
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=categorización) classification
    2) (=ordenación) [de documentos] classification; (Inform, Correos) sorting
    3) (Náut) rating
    4) [en torneo] qualification
    5) (=lista) table, league
    * * *
    1) (de documentos, libros) classification; ( de cartas) sorting
    2) ( de película -acción) classification; (- certificado)

    ¿qué clasificación (moral) tiene? — what certificate has it got?

    3) (de elemento, animal, planta) classification
    4) (Dep)
    a) ( para una etapa posterior) qualification
    b) ( tabla) placings (pl); ( puesto) position, place
    * * *
    = classification, map, mapping, ranking, sorting, subject cataloguing, rank order, league table, sift, scoreboard, scorecard, grading, leader board.
    Ex. Classification, then, is the grouping of like objects.
    Ex. A detailed study of a co-citation map, its core documents' citation patterns and the related journal structures, is presented.
    Ex. Recently, proponents of co-citation cluster analysis have claimed that in principle their methodology makes possible the mapping of science using the data in the Science Citation Index.
    Ex. Those documents with sufficiently high rankings will be deemed relevant and eventually retrieved.
    Ex. Storage medium and associated equipment (for example, sorting and punching devices, cards, magnetic tape) tends to be cheaper than the term record index equivalent.
    Ex. This facility enables descriptive and subject cataloguing to be done by two different people.
    Ex. This is an interesting reversal of the rank order of countries for both stock held and expenditure per head of population.
    Ex. In addition to producing these 'league tables' of microcomputer applications, Burton also indicated the applications software that libraries were using.
    Ex. The method of work agreed was that the chairperson would make a first sift of proposals and divide them into two groups.
    Ex. Evaluation the research is through 4 strategies: a simple scoreboard; scoreboard plus other details such as references; scoreboard with the minimal critera of, e.g., sample size and statistical procedures used; examination of actual material.
    Ex. After a year's rapid development of portals by major search engines, adding such things as scorecards, news headlines or links to other services, search engine developers are now turning to personalization as a way of holding their users.
    Ex. It is interesting that, in this case, socio-economic grading was a better social discriminator than was terminal educational age.
    Ex. Since its launch, the project has been plagued by a small number of people cheating to elevate their ranking in the leader boards.
    ----
    * clasificación abreviada = abridged classification.
    * clasificación analítico-sintética = analytico-synthetic classification.
    * clasificación automática = automatic classification.
    * clasificación bibliográfica = bibliographic classification, library classification.
    * Clasificación Bibliográfica (BC) = Bibliographic Classification (BC).
    * clasificación cruzada = cross-classification.
    * Clasificación Decimal de Dewey (DDC o DC) = Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC o DC).
    * Clasificación Decimal, la = Decimal Classification, the.
    * Clasificación Decimal Universal (CDU) = UDC (Universal Decimal Classification).
    * clasificación de Dewey, la = Dewey scheme, the.
    * clasificación de la literatura narrativa = fiction classification.
    * clasificación del correo = mail sorting.
    * clasificación del suelo = zoning.
    * Clasificación de Ranganathan = Colon Classification (CC), Colon Classification Scheme.
    * clasificación enumerativa = enumerative classification.
    * clasificación específica = close classification, specific classification.
    * clasificación facetada = faceted classification.
    * clasificación general = broad classification, broad classification.
    * Clasificación Industrial General de las Actividades Económicas (NACE) = General Industrial Classification of Economic Activities (NACE).
    * clasificación monojerárquica = monohierarchical classification.
    * clasificación por antigüedad = seniority ranking.
    * clasificación por materia = subject classification.
    * clasificación por pertinencia = relevance ranking.
    * clasificación unidimensional = monodimensional classification.
    * de clasificación = classificatory indicator, classificatory.
    * dispositivo de clasificación = sorting device.
    * Grupo de Investigación sobre la Clasificación (CRG) = Classification Research Group (CRG).
    * indicador de clasificación = classificatory indicator.
    * LCCN (Notación de la Clasificación de la Biblioteca del Congreso) = LCCN (Library of Congress Classification Number).
    * número de clasificación = class mark [classmark], class number, classification number, rank number.
    * ocupar un lugar en una clasificación = rank.
    * paquete de clasificación = sort package.
    * sistema de clasificación = classification scheme, scheme, classification system, classification schedules, grading system.
    * sistema de clasificación analítico = analytical classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación de Bliss = Bliss classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación decimal = decimal classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación de la Biblioteca del Congreso = LCC (Library of Congress Classification).
    * sistema de clasificación dicotomizado = dichotomized classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación enciclopédica = general classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación enumerativo = enumerative classification scheme, enumerative scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación especializado = special classification scheme, special scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación facetado = faceted classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación general = general scheme, general classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación jerárquico = hierarchical classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación lineal = linear classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación multidimensional = multidimensional classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación por disciplinas = discipline-oriented scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación sintético = synthetic classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación universal = universal classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación verbal = verbal classification system.
    * tabla de clasificación = classification schedule.
    * * *
    1) (de documentos, libros) classification; ( de cartas) sorting
    2) ( de película -acción) classification; (- certificado)

    ¿qué clasificación (moral) tiene? — what certificate has it got?

    3) (de elemento, animal, planta) classification
    4) (Dep)
    a) ( para una etapa posterior) qualification
    b) ( tabla) placings (pl); ( puesto) position, place
    * * *
    = classification, map, mapping, ranking, sorting, subject cataloguing, rank order, league table, sift, scoreboard, scorecard, grading, leader board.

    Ex: Classification, then, is the grouping of like objects.

    Ex: A detailed study of a co-citation map, its core documents' citation patterns and the related journal structures, is presented.
    Ex: Recently, proponents of co-citation cluster analysis have claimed that in principle their methodology makes possible the mapping of science using the data in the Science Citation Index.
    Ex: Those documents with sufficiently high rankings will be deemed relevant and eventually retrieved.
    Ex: Storage medium and associated equipment (for example, sorting and punching devices, cards, magnetic tape) tends to be cheaper than the term record index equivalent.
    Ex: This facility enables descriptive and subject cataloguing to be done by two different people.
    Ex: This is an interesting reversal of the rank order of countries for both stock held and expenditure per head of population.
    Ex: In addition to producing these 'league tables' of microcomputer applications, Burton also indicated the applications software that libraries were using.
    Ex: The method of work agreed was that the chairperson would make a first sift of proposals and divide them into two groups.
    Ex: Evaluation the research is through 4 strategies: a simple scoreboard; scoreboard plus other details such as references; scoreboard with the minimal critera of, e.g., sample size and statistical procedures used; examination of actual material.
    Ex: After a year's rapid development of portals by major search engines, adding such things as scorecards, news headlines or links to other services, search engine developers are now turning to personalization as a way of holding their users.
    Ex: It is interesting that, in this case, socio-economic grading was a better social discriminator than was terminal educational age.
    Ex: Since its launch, the project has been plagued by a small number of people cheating to elevate their ranking in the leader boards.
    * clasificación abreviada = abridged classification.
    * clasificación analítico-sintética = analytico-synthetic classification.
    * clasificación automática = automatic classification.
    * clasificación bibliográfica = bibliographic classification, library classification.
    * Clasificación Bibliográfica (BC) = Bibliographic Classification (BC).
    * clasificación cruzada = cross-classification.
    * Clasificación Decimal de Dewey (DDC o DC) = Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC o DC).
    * Clasificación Decimal, la = Decimal Classification, the.
    * Clasificación Decimal Universal (CDU) = UDC (Universal Decimal Classification).
    * clasificación de Dewey, la = Dewey scheme, the.
    * clasificación de la literatura narrativa = fiction classification.
    * clasificación del correo = mail sorting.
    * clasificación del suelo = zoning.
    * Clasificación de Ranganathan = Colon Classification (CC), Colon Classification Scheme.
    * clasificación enumerativa = enumerative classification.
    * clasificación específica = close classification, specific classification.
    * clasificación facetada = faceted classification.
    * clasificación general = broad classification, broad classification.
    * Clasificación Industrial General de las Actividades Económicas (NACE) = General Industrial Classification of Economic Activities (NACE).
    * clasificación monojerárquica = monohierarchical classification.
    * clasificación por antigüedad = seniority ranking.
    * clasificación por materia = subject classification.
    * clasificación por pertinencia = relevance ranking.
    * clasificación unidimensional = monodimensional classification.
    * de clasificación = classificatory indicator, classificatory.
    * dispositivo de clasificación = sorting device.
    * Grupo de Investigación sobre la Clasificación (CRG) = Classification Research Group (CRG).
    * indicador de clasificación = classificatory indicator.
    * LCCN (Notación de la Clasificación de la Biblioteca del Congreso) = LCCN (Library of Congress Classification Number).
    * número de clasificación = class mark [classmark], class number, classification number, rank number.
    * ocupar un lugar en una clasificación = rank.
    * paquete de clasificación = sort package.
    * sistema de clasificación = classification scheme, scheme, classification system, classification schedules, grading system.
    * sistema de clasificación analítico = analytical classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación de Bliss = Bliss classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación decimal = decimal classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación de la Biblioteca del Congreso = LCC (Library of Congress Classification).
    * sistema de clasificación dicotomizado = dichotomized classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación enciclopédica = general classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación enumerativo = enumerative classification scheme, enumerative scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación especializado = special classification scheme, special scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación facetado = faceted classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación general = general scheme, general classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación jerárquico = hierarchical classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación lineal = linear classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación multidimensional = multidimensional classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación por disciplinas = discipline-oriented scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación sintético = synthetic classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación universal = universal classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación verbal = verbal classification system.
    * tabla de clasificación = classification schedule.

    * * *
    A (de documentos, libros) classification; (de cartas) sorting
    el ordenador que hace la clasificación del correo the computer that sorts the mail
    B (de una película — acción) classification
    (— certificado): ¿qué clasificación (moral) tiene? what certificate has it got?
    C (de un elemento, una planta) classification
    D ( Dep)
    peligra nuestra clasificación para la final we are in danger of not making o of not qualifying for the final
    esta victoria le supone la clasificación para la fase final this victory means that he will go through to o has qualified for the finals
    2 (tabla) placings (pl); (puesto) position, place
    quinto en la clasificación final del rally fifth in the final placings for the rally
    * * *

    clasificación sustantivo femenino
    1 (de documentos, animales, plantas) classification;
    ( de cartas) sorting
    2 ( de película) certificate
    3


    b) ( tabla) placings (pl);

    ( puesto) position, place;

    clasificación sustantivo femenino
    1 classification
    2 Dep (lista) table: es el tercero en la clasificación mundial, he's ranked third in the world
    (acción) qualification: la atleta española no ha conseguido su clasificación, the Spanish athlete has not qualified
    ' clasificación' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    encabezar
    - escala
    - juvenil
    - cabeza
    - descender
    - escalar
    - fase
    - frente
    - ocupar
    - prueba
    - puesto
    English:
    classification
    - filing
    - rating
    - table
    - preliminary
    - qualification
    * * *
    1. [ordenación] classification
    Econ clasificación de solvencia credit rating
    2. [de animal, planta] classification
    3. [de película] classification
    4. Dep [lista] [en liga] (league) Br table o US standings;
    [en carrera, torneo] classification;
    encabezar la clasificación [en liga] to be at the top of the league;
    [en carrera, torneo] to lead the classification clasificación combinada combined event;
    clasificación por equipos team classification;
    clasificación general (general) classification;
    clasificación de la regularidad points classification
    5. Dep [para competición] qualification;
    no consiguieron lograr la clasificación para las semifinales they didn't manage to qualify for the semifinals
    * * *
    f
    1 DEP en competición qualification
    2 de liga league table
    3
    :
    * * *
    1) : classification, sorting out
    2) : rating
    3) calificación: qualification (in competitions)
    * * *
    1. (en general) classification
    2. (en deporte acción) qualifying
    ¿quién es el líder de la clasificación de primera? who is top of the first division?

    Spanish-English dictionary > clasificación

  • 98 comercial

    adj.
    1 commercial.
    relaciones comerciales trade relations
    2 store.
    f. & m.
    sales rep (vendedor, representante).
    m.
    commercial, ad, advertisement, advert.
    * * *
    1 (del comercio) commercial
    2 (de tiendas) shopping
    1 (vendedor) seller; (hombre) salesman; (mujer) saleswoman
    \
    banco comercial commercial bank
    tratado comercial commercial treaty
    * * *
    adj.
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=de tiendas) [área, recinto] shopping antes de s
    2) (=financiero) [carta, operación] business antes de s ; [balanza, déficit, guerra, embargo] trade antes de s ; [intercambio, estrategia] commercial

    el interés comercial de la empresa — the commercial o trading interests of the company

    su novela alcanzó un gran éxito comercial — his novel was very successful commercially, his novel achieved great commercial success

    agente 1., local 2., 1)
    3) [aviación, avión, piloto] civil
    4) [cine, teatro, literatura] commercial
    2.
    SMF (=vendedor) salesperson
    * * *
    I
    a) <zona/operación/carta> business (before n)

    nuestra división comercial — our sales o marketing department; galería, centro

    b) <película/arte> commercial
    II
    1) (AmL) commercial, advert (BrE)
    2) (CS) (Educ) business school
    III
    femenino o masculino ( tienda)
    * * *
    = commercial, commercially available, entrepreneurial, fee-based, marketing, priceable, for-profit, consumer-like, business-like, business-related, market-orientated [market orientated], profit-making, profit-related, readily available, trade-oriented, profit-orientated, marketable, business, off-the-shelf, commercially operated, market-oriented [market oriented], profit-oriented, out of the box, profit-generating.
    Ex. It is these features which have led co-operative members to select these systems rather than those of the commercial software vendor.
    Ex. Computerized information-retrieval systems are also very prominent in commercially available online search systems and applications.
    Ex. It was noteworthy that nearly all SLIS were maintaining their IT materials as much, if not more, from earnings from entrepreneurial activity than out of institutional allocation.
    Ex. The imposition of fee-based services may radically curtail the breadth of resources available to library users where historically information has been offered freely.
    Ex. Business International Inc. is another US service covering economic and marketing activities in over seventy countries.
    Ex. Neither are the latter group, in the course of their professional activities, likely to feel that the treatment of information as a priceable commodity compromises a principle fundamental to their professional ethic.
    Ex. The friction in this industry between private, for-profit services and not-for-profit learned societies or government bodies is deep-seated.
    Ex. I tried to say at the very outset of my remarks that there probably has not been sufficient consumer-like and assertive leverage exerted upon our chief suppliers.
    Ex. It was generally felt that US libraries are organised on more business-like lines than those in the Netherlands.
    Ex. Twinning of libraries in different countries can bring benefits in terms of joint projects, student exchanges, and other buisness-related affairs.
    Ex. In the middle range of authorship there is, then, quite a wide band of writing stretching from the scholarly to the market-orientated = En el nivel medio de autoría existe, pues, a una gran gama de producciones escritas que van desde lo científico a lo comercial.
    Ex. Many types of budgets are not really applicable to libraries, since libraries are not primarily profit-making institutions.
    Ex. However these distinctions are not always clear cut, the public sector may pursue profit-related goals and the private sector may adopt other goals besides profit (improving work environments, quality of life).
    Ex. Librarians generally adopt the common strategy of simply using readily available sources of information.
    Ex. Trade-oriented scholarly presses also predict more titles, smaller press runs and higher prices.
    Ex. Information producers and sellers are profit-orientated.
    Ex. Central to this is the belief that information is a marketable commodity.
    Ex. A major concern of the journal will be the business, economic, legal, societal and technological relationships between information technology and information resource management.
    Ex. A standard off-the-shelf version costs 450 and fully tailored systems usually fall into the range 1,250 -- 1,450.
    Ex. There are a number of microfilming centres in the country including two commercially operated microfilming services.
    Ex. The market oriented economy is changing the role of information and business information services.
    Ex. The author points out dangers inherent in the fact that on-line data bases are privately owned and profit-oriented.
    Ex. Software vendors provide manuals for the ' out of the box' programs they sell.
    Ex. Examples of determined efforts to erase the intellectual boundaries between the profit-generating models of business and the intellectual pursuits of the academic community are considered.
    ----
    * actividad comercial = commercial activity.
    * anuncio comercial = commercial.
    * aplicación comercial = commercial application, business application.
    * aplicaciones comerciales = commercial software.
    * argumento comercial = business case.
    * asequible en establecimiento comercial = over the counter.
    * aviación comercial = commercial aviation.
    * bajo comercial = commercial premise.
    * banco comercial = business bank.
    * barrera comercial = trade barrier.
    * carta comercial = business letter.
    * casa comercial = house.
    * caso comercial = business case.
    * catálogo comercial de compra por correo = mail order catalogue.
    * centro comercial = shopping centre, shopping precinct, mall of shops, plaza.
    * comercial 7 papel comercial = commercial paper.
    * compañía comercial = business firm.
    * correspondencia comercial = business correspondence.
    * déficit comercial = trade deficit.
    * déficit de la balanza comercial = trade deficit.
    * de gran éxito comercial = high selling.
    * demanda comercial = market demand, commercial demand.
    * de modo comercial = on a commercial basis.
    * de un gran éxito comercial = best selling [bestselling/best-selling], top-selling.
    * de uso comercial = commercially-owned.
    * director comercial = chief commercial officer.
    * directorio comercial = trade directory, traders' list, traders' catalogue.
    * directorio comercial por calles = street directory.
    * distrito comercial = business district.
    * diversificación comercial = business diversification.
    * edificio comercial = commercial building.
    * editor comercial = commercial publisher.
    * editorial comercial = publishing firm, publishing press.
    * emporio comercial = emporium [emporia, -pl.].
    * empresa comercial = business firm.
    * estafa comercial = business scam.
    * estrategia comercial = business plan, market strategy.
    * éxito comercial = commercial success, financial success.
    * firma comercial = commercial firm, firm, commercial enterprise, business firm.
    * galería comercial = shopping arcade, walking arcade.
    * horario comercial = business hours.
    * industria de las exposiciones comerciales = trade show industry.
    * inglés "comercial" = pidgin English.
    * licencia comercial = trading licence.
    * mantener relaciones comerciales = do + business.
    * marca comercial = brand name, servicemark, trade name.
    * mundo comercial, el = commercial world, the.
    * nación comercial = trading nation.
    * no comercial = non-profit making, non-commercial [noncommercial].
    * novedad comercial = industry update.
    * para uso comercial = commercially-owned.
    * parque comercial = business estate.
    * poco comercial = uncommercial.
    * polígono comercial = business estate.
    * presentación comercial = technical presentation.
    * producto comercial = retail product.
    * programa informático comercial = commercial application, commercial software.
    * programas comerciales = commercial software.
    * propuesta comercial = business proposition.
    * proyecto comercial = marketing project.
    * razonamiento comercial = business case.
    * relaciones comerciales = business dealings.
    * rentabilidad comercial = business profitability.
    * representante comercial = business traveller.
    * riesgo comercial = business risk.
    * secreto comercial = competitive information.
    * sector comercial, el = profit-oriented sector, the, profit sector, the, commercial sector, the, for-profit sector, the.
    * sector no comercial, el = not-for-profit sector, the, non-profit sector, the.
    * servicio comercial = commercial service.
    * sistema comercial = market system, commercial system.
    * situado en la calle comercial = shop-front [shopfront] .
    * socio comercial = business associate.
    * software comercial = commercial software.
    * valor comercial = commercial paper.
    * vehículo comercial = commercial vehicle.
    * viajante comercial = business traveller.
    * visión comercial = business acumen.
    * vuelo comercial = commercial flight.
    * zona comercial = business district, shopping area, shopping district.
    * * *
    I
    a) <zona/operación/carta> business (before n)

    nuestra división comercial — our sales o marketing department; galería, centro

    b) <película/arte> commercial
    II
    1) (AmL) commercial, advert (BrE)
    2) (CS) (Educ) business school
    III
    femenino o masculino ( tienda)
    * * *
    = commercial, commercially available, entrepreneurial, fee-based, marketing, priceable, for-profit, consumer-like, business-like, business-related, market-orientated [market orientated], profit-making, profit-related, readily available, trade-oriented, profit-orientated, marketable, business, off-the-shelf, commercially operated, market-oriented [market oriented], profit-oriented, out of the box, profit-generating.

    Ex: It is these features which have led co-operative members to select these systems rather than those of the commercial software vendor.

    Ex: Computerized information-retrieval systems are also very prominent in commercially available online search systems and applications.
    Ex: It was noteworthy that nearly all SLIS were maintaining their IT materials as much, if not more, from earnings from entrepreneurial activity than out of institutional allocation.
    Ex: The imposition of fee-based services may radically curtail the breadth of resources available to library users where historically information has been offered freely.
    Ex: Business International Inc. is another US service covering economic and marketing activities in over seventy countries.
    Ex: Neither are the latter group, in the course of their professional activities, likely to feel that the treatment of information as a priceable commodity compromises a principle fundamental to their professional ethic.
    Ex: The friction in this industry between private, for-profit services and not-for-profit learned societies or government bodies is deep-seated.
    Ex: I tried to say at the very outset of my remarks that there probably has not been sufficient consumer-like and assertive leverage exerted upon our chief suppliers.
    Ex: It was generally felt that US libraries are organised on more business-like lines than those in the Netherlands.
    Ex: Twinning of libraries in different countries can bring benefits in terms of joint projects, student exchanges, and other buisness-related affairs.
    Ex: In the middle range of authorship there is, then, quite a wide band of writing stretching from the scholarly to the market-orientated = En el nivel medio de autoría existe, pues, a una gran gama de producciones escritas que van desde lo científico a lo comercial.
    Ex: Many types of budgets are not really applicable to libraries, since libraries are not primarily profit-making institutions.
    Ex: However these distinctions are not always clear cut, the public sector may pursue profit-related goals and the private sector may adopt other goals besides profit (improving work environments, quality of life).
    Ex: Librarians generally adopt the common strategy of simply using readily available sources of information.
    Ex: Trade-oriented scholarly presses also predict more titles, smaller press runs and higher prices.
    Ex: Information producers and sellers are profit-orientated.
    Ex: Central to this is the belief that information is a marketable commodity.
    Ex: A major concern of the journal will be the business, economic, legal, societal and technological relationships between information technology and information resource management.
    Ex: A standard off-the-shelf version costs 450 and fully tailored systems usually fall into the range 1,250 -- 1,450.
    Ex: There are a number of microfilming centres in the country including two commercially operated microfilming services.
    Ex: The market oriented economy is changing the role of information and business information services.
    Ex: The author points out dangers inherent in the fact that on-line data bases are privately owned and profit-oriented.
    Ex: Software vendors provide manuals for the ' out of the box' programs they sell.
    Ex: Examples of determined efforts to erase the intellectual boundaries between the profit-generating models of business and the intellectual pursuits of the academic community are considered.
    * actividad comercial = commercial activity.
    * anuncio comercial = commercial.
    * aplicación comercial = commercial application, business application.
    * aplicaciones comerciales = commercial software.
    * argumento comercial = business case.
    * asequible en establecimiento comercial = over the counter.
    * aviación comercial = commercial aviation.
    * bajo comercial = commercial premise.
    * banco comercial = business bank.
    * barrera comercial = trade barrier.
    * carta comercial = business letter.
    * casa comercial = house.
    * caso comercial = business case.
    * catálogo comercial de compra por correo = mail order catalogue.
    * centro comercial = shopping centre, shopping precinct, mall of shops, plaza.
    * comercial 7 papel comercial = commercial paper.
    * compañía comercial = business firm.
    * correspondencia comercial = business correspondence.
    * déficit comercial = trade deficit.
    * déficit de la balanza comercial = trade deficit.
    * de gran éxito comercial = high selling.
    * demanda comercial = market demand, commercial demand.
    * de modo comercial = on a commercial basis.
    * de un gran éxito comercial = best selling [bestselling/best-selling], top-selling.
    * de uso comercial = commercially-owned.
    * director comercial = chief commercial officer.
    * directorio comercial = trade directory, traders' list, traders' catalogue.
    * directorio comercial por calles = street directory.
    * distrito comercial = business district.
    * diversificación comercial = business diversification.
    * edificio comercial = commercial building.
    * editor comercial = commercial publisher.
    * editorial comercial = publishing firm, publishing press.
    * emporio comercial = emporium [emporia, -pl.].
    * empresa comercial = business firm.
    * estafa comercial = business scam.
    * estrategia comercial = business plan, market strategy.
    * éxito comercial = commercial success, financial success.
    * firma comercial = commercial firm, firm, commercial enterprise, business firm.
    * galería comercial = shopping arcade, walking arcade.
    * horario comercial = business hours.
    * industria de las exposiciones comerciales = trade show industry.
    * inglés "comercial" = pidgin English.
    * licencia comercial = trading licence.
    * mantener relaciones comerciales = do + business.
    * marca comercial = brand name, servicemark, trade name.
    * mundo comercial, el = commercial world, the.
    * nación comercial = trading nation.
    * no comercial = non-profit making, non-commercial [noncommercial].
    * novedad comercial = industry update.
    * para uso comercial = commercially-owned.
    * parque comercial = business estate.
    * poco comercial = uncommercial.
    * polígono comercial = business estate.
    * presentación comercial = technical presentation.
    * producto comercial = retail product.
    * programa informático comercial = commercial application, commercial software.
    * programas comerciales = commercial software.
    * propuesta comercial = business proposition.
    * proyecto comercial = marketing project.
    * razonamiento comercial = business case.
    * relaciones comerciales = business dealings.
    * rentabilidad comercial = business profitability.
    * representante comercial = business traveller.
    * riesgo comercial = business risk.
    * secreto comercial = competitive information.
    * sector comercial, el = profit-oriented sector, the, profit sector, the, commercial sector, the, for-profit sector, the.
    * sector no comercial, el = not-for-profit sector, the, non-profit sector, the.
    * servicio comercial = commercial service.
    * sistema comercial = market system, commercial system.
    * situado en la calle comercial = shop-front [shopfront].
    * socio comercial = business associate.
    * software comercial = commercial software.
    * valor comercial = commercial paper.
    * vehículo comercial = commercial vehicle.
    * viajante comercial = business traveller.
    * visión comercial = business acumen.
    * vuelo comercial = commercial flight.
    * zona comercial = business district, shopping area, shopping district.

    * * *
    1 ‹distrito/operación› business ( before n)
    una importante firma comercial an important company
    el desequilibrio comercial entre los dos países the trade imbalance between the two countries
    un emporio comercial fenicio a Phoenician trading post
    algunos critican su agresividad comercial some people criticize their aggressive approach to business
    el déficit comercial the trade deficit
    una carta comercial a business letter
    nuevas iniciativas comerciales new business initiatives
    nuestra división comercial our sales o marketing department
    el derribo de un avión comercial the shooting down of a civil aircraft
    2 ‹película/arte› commercial
    ( AmL)
    commercial, advert ( BrE)
    or
    A
    (tienda): [ S ] Comercial Hernández Hernandez's Stores
    B (CS) ( Educ) business school
    * * *

     

    comercial adjetivo
    a) ‹zona/operación/carta› business ( before n);


    el déficit comercial the trade deficit;
    See Also→ galería, centro
    b) ‹película/arte› commercial

    ■ sustantivo masculino

    b) (CS) (Educ) business school

    comercial adjetivo commercial
    ' comercial' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    balanza
    - centro
    - depresión
    - erotizar
    - galería
    - propaganda
    - recibo
    - Sres.
    - feria
    - gerente
    - pasaje
    - relación
    - señalización
    - señalizar
    - zona
    English:
    accessible
    - arcade
    - brand name
    - business
    - commercial
    - commercialize
    - delay
    - delegation
    - head-hunt
    - mall
    - merchant bank
    - moneymaker
    - profit margin
    - rep
    - run across
    - sales brochure
    - sales promotion
    - sales rep
    - selling point
    - shopping centre
    - trade agreement
    - trade deficit
    - trade embargo
    - trade gap
    - trade route
    - tradename
    - trading partner
    - trading results
    - unbusinesslike
    - break
    - cash
    - fair
    - for
    - mix
    - opening
    - plaza
    - precinct
    - representative
    - shopping
    - trade
    - trading
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    1. [de empresas] commercial;
    [embargo, déficit, disputa] trade;
    relaciones comerciales trade relations;
    aviación comercial civil aviation;
    política comercial trade policy;
    gestión comercial business management
    2. [que se vende bien] commercial;
    una película muy comercial a very commercial film
    ♦ nmf
    [vendedor, representante] sales rep
    ♦ nm
    Am commercial, Br advert
    * * *
    I adj commercial; de negocios business atr ;
    el déficit comercial the trade deficit
    II m/f representative
    III m L.Am. ( anuncio) commercial
    * * *
    comercial adj & nm
    : commercial
    * * *
    comercial1 adj commercial
    comercial2 n salesman [pl. salesmen] / saleswoman [pl. saleswomen]

    Spanish-English dictionary > comercial

  • 99 fin

    m.
    1 end (final).
    dar o poner fin a algo to put an end to something
    tocar a su fin to come to a close
    a fines de at the end of
    al o por fin at last, finally
    a fin de cuentas after all
    al fin y al cabo after all
    al fin del mundo to the end of the earth (and back)
    en fin anyway
    en fin, lo volveremos a intentar well o anyway, we can try again
    sin fin endless
    fin de fiesta grand finale
    fin de semana weekend
    2 aim, goal (objetivo).
    un fin en sí mismo an end in itself
    el fin justifica los medios the end justifies the means
    con este fin with this aim, to this end
    a fin de in order to
    a fin de contener la inflación (in order) to keep inflation down
    3 purpose, objective, end, aim.
    * * *
    1 (final) end
    2 (objetivo) purpose, aim
    \
    a fin de in order to, so as to
    a fin de que so that
    a fines de at the end of
    al fin y al cabo when all's said and done
    ¡al fin! at last!
    con buen fin with good intentions
    con el fin de with the intention of
    con este fin with this aim
    dar fin a to put an end to
    en fin anyway
    llegar a su fin to come to an end
    no tener fin to be endless
    poner fin a to put an end to
    ¡por fin! at last!
    sin fin endless
    tocar a su fin to come to an end
    fin de fiesta grand finale
    fin de semana (tiempo) weekend 2 (bolsa) weekend bag
    (noche de) Fin de Año New Year's Eve
    * * *
    noun m.
    1) end
    2) aim, purpose
    •
    - por fin
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=final) end

    • fin de la cita — end of quote, unquote

    • dar fin a — [+ ceremonia, actuación] to bring to a close; [+ obra, libro] to finish; [+ guerra, conflicto] to bring to an end

    • llegar a buen fin — [aventura] to have a happy ending; [plan] to turn out well

    • llevar algo a buen fin — to bring sth to a successful conclusion

    • poner fin a algo — to end sth, put an end to sth

    esta ley pondrá fin a la discriminación sexual en el trabajo — this law will end o will put an end to sexual discrimination in the workplace

    • sin fin — endless

    fin de fiesta — (Teat) grand finale

    2)

    • a fines de — at the end of

    la crisis de fines del XIX — the crisis at the end of the 19th century, the late 19th century crisis

    3) [otras locuciones]
    a)

    • al fin, por fin — [gen] finally; [con más énfasis] at last

    tras varios días de marcha, por fin llegamos a la primera aldea — after several days' walk, we finally came to the first village

    ¡al fin solos! — alone at last!

    ¡por fin te decides a hacer algo! — at last you've decided to do something!

    • al fin y al cabo — after all

    tengo derecho a estar aquí: al fin y al cabo, soy parte de la familia — I have a right to stay here: after all, I am part of the family

    al fin y al cabo, lo que importa es que seguimos juntos — at the end of the day, what matters is that we're still together

    b)

    • en fin — [quitando importancia] anyway, oh, well; [para resumir] in short

    en fin, otro día seguiremos hablando del tema — anyway o oh, well, we will carry on discussing this another day

    ¡en fin, qué se le va a hacer! — anyway o oh, well, there's nothing we can do about it!

    hemos tenido bastantes problemas este año, pero en fin, seguimos adelante — we've had quite a few problems this year, but still o anyway, we're still going

    en fin, que no he tenido un momento de descanso — in short, I haven't had a moment's rest

    4) (=intención) aim

    ¿con qué fin se ha organizado esto? — what has been the aim in organizing this?

    • a fin de hacer algo — in order to do sth

    a fin de que — + subjun so that, in order that frm

    se le ha citado como testigo a fin de que explique sus relaciones con el acusado — he has been called as a witness in order to explain o in order that he explain frm o so that he can explain his relationship with the defendant

    • con el fin de hacer algo — in order to do sth

    • a tal fin — with this aim in mind, to this end

    5) (=propósito) purpose

    con fines experimentales/militares/políticos — for experimental/military/political purposes

    * * *
    1)
    a) ( final) end

    hasta el fin de los siglos or tiempos — until the end of time

    no es el fin del mundo — (fam) it's not the end of the world (colloq)

    por or al fin — at last

    en fin qué se le va a hacer! — ah well, what can you do?

    en fin sigamos! — anyway, let's carry on!

    repara electrodomésticos, pone enchufes... en fin un poco de todo — he repairs electrical goods, puts in plugs... a bit of everything, really

    a fin de cuentas — in the end, at the end of the day

    tocar a su fin — (liter) to draw to a close o to an end

    2) (objetivo, finalidad) purpose

    el fin de esta visita — the aim o purpose of this visit

    una institución sin fines lucrativos or de lucro — a not-for-profit organization (AmE), a non-profit-making organisation (BrE)

    a fin de que — (frml) in order to

    con este fin or a este fin or a tal fin — (frml) with this aim (frml), to this end (frml)

    con el fin or a fin de — (frml) with the aim o purpose of

    el fin justifica los medios — the end justifies the means

    * * *
    = aim, end, goal, purpose, quit, STOP, goodbye [good-bye], objective.
    Nota: Acción específica que se pretende llevar a cabo, siendo necesarias varias de ellas para alcanzar una meta.
    Ex. The aim of SWALCAP is to provide integrated computer services for library housekeeping purposes and to keep these services up to date.
    Ex. In our fascination with the versatility of certain tools, we should not forget the ends to which they are to be applied.
    Ex. Karen set the theme in her keynote address that booksellers, publishers and librarians often have different goals and perceptions.
    Ex. Chapters 7 and 8 introduced the problems associated with author cataloguing and have surveyed the purpose of cataloguing codes.
    Ex. The final choice, ' Quit (LOGOFF),' takes you back to the Welcome screen.
    Ex. The command function ' STOP' is used to end the session and logoff.
    Ex. The article 'Books -- is it goodbye?' shows that while there was a sharp increase in fiction in Finland after the 2nd World War, the amount of fiction is now beginning to decline.
    Ex. An objective is an individual act intended to be carried out, and a number o which are required to be carried out in order to reach a goal.
    ----
    * a este fin = to this end.
    * a fin de cuentas = at the end of the day, in the end, in the final count, in the grand scheme of things, when all is said and done, after all is said and done.
    * alcanzar + Posesivo + fin = reach + Posesivo + end.
    * al fin = at last, at long last.
    * al fin y al cabo = in the end, after all, all in all, after all is said and done, when all is said and done.
    * cinta sin fin = endless belt, conveyor belt, conveyor [conveyer].
    * con el fin de = in order to.
    * con ese fin = to that end.
    * con este fin = to this end, to that effect.
    * con fines + Adjetivo = for + Nombre + purposes.
    * con fines lucrativos = profit-making, profit-orientated, profit-oriented, profit-generating.
    * confundir los medios con el fin = confuse + the means with the ends.
    * conseguir un fin = secure + end.
    * construido expresamente para tal fin = purpose-built.
    * dar fin = bring to + a close, draw to + a close, wind down.
    * de fin de año = end of the year.
    * de fin de milenio = millennial.
    * de principio a fin = from start to finish, gavel to gavel, from beginning to end.
    * de principio a fin (documento) = cover to cover.
    * desde principio a fin = throughout.
    * discurso de fin de curso = commencement salutatory.
    * durante el fin de semana = over the weekend.
    * el fin del mundo = the ends of the earth.
    * el fin de semana = over the weekend, at the weekend.
    * el fin de todos los fines = the end of all ends.
    * el fin justifica los medios = the end justifies the means.
    * el principio del fin = the beginning of the end.
    * en el fin de semana = over the weekend, at the weekend.
    * fin de año = EOY (end of year), end of the year.
    * fin de semana = weekend.
    * fines de semana, los = at weekends.
    * fines lucrativos = financial gain.
    * generación del fin del milenio, la = Millennial Generation, the, Millennium Generation, the.
    * hasta el fin del mundo = until the end of the world.
    * leer de principio a fin = read + from cover to cover.
    * llegar a su fin = wind down, draw to + a close, draw to + an end.
    * no llevar a ningún fin = beat + a dead horse, flog + a dead horse, fart + in the wind.
    * no tener fin = there + be + no end to.
    * para este fin = to this end.
    * para fines múltiples = multipurpose [multi-purpose].
    * película sin fin = filmloop [film loop/film-loop].
    * perseguir los mismos fines = work + on the same lines.
    * perseguir un fin = pursue + end.
    * persona nacida en el fin del milenio = Millennial.
    * poner fin = curb, bring to + a close, draw to + a close.
    * poner fin a = put + paid to, put + an end to, put + a stop to, call + a halt on, bring + an end to, bring to + an end, sound + the death knell for, kill off.
    * poner fin a un embarazo = terminate + pregnancy.
    * por fin = at length, at last, finally, at long last.
    * por fin llegó la hora (de) = it's about time (that).
    * seminario de fin de semana = weekend school.
    * ser el fin de = sign + a death warrant (for).
    * ser un fin en sí mismo = be an end in itself.
    * ser un fin en sí mismos = be ends in themselves.
    * ser un medio para llegar a un fin = be the means to an end.
    * servir un fin = serve + end.
    * significar el fin de Algo = mean + an end to.
    * sin fin = never-finishing, never-ending, bottomless, interminably, unending.
    * sin fines lucrativos = non-profit [nonprofit], non-profit making.
    * tecla de fin = End key.
    * tocar a su fin = draw to + a close, draw to + an end, wind down.
    * todo el fin de semana = all weekend long.
    * un medio para alcanzar un fin = a means to an end.
    * un medio para conseguir un fin = a means to an end.
    * un medio para llegar a fin = a means to an end.
    * utilizar para un fin = put to + purpose.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( final) end

    hasta el fin de los siglos or tiempos — until the end of time

    no es el fin del mundo — (fam) it's not the end of the world (colloq)

    por or al fin — at last

    en fin qué se le va a hacer! — ah well, what can you do?

    en fin sigamos! — anyway, let's carry on!

    repara electrodomésticos, pone enchufes... en fin un poco de todo — he repairs electrical goods, puts in plugs... a bit of everything, really

    a fin de cuentas — in the end, at the end of the day

    tocar a su fin — (liter) to draw to a close o to an end

    2) (objetivo, finalidad) purpose

    el fin de esta visita — the aim o purpose of this visit

    una institución sin fines lucrativos or de lucro — a not-for-profit organization (AmE), a non-profit-making organisation (BrE)

    a fin de que — (frml) in order to

    con este fin or a este fin or a tal fin — (frml) with this aim (frml), to this end (frml)

    con el fin or a fin de — (frml) with the aim o purpose of

    el fin justifica los medios — the end justifies the means

    * * *
    = aim, end, goal, purpose, quit, STOP, goodbye [good-bye], objective.
    Nota: Acción específica que se pretende llevar a cabo, siendo necesarias varias de ellas para alcanzar una meta.

    Ex: The aim of SWALCAP is to provide integrated computer services for library housekeeping purposes and to keep these services up to date.

    Ex: In our fascination with the versatility of certain tools, we should not forget the ends to which they are to be applied.
    Ex: Karen set the theme in her keynote address that booksellers, publishers and librarians often have different goals and perceptions.
    Ex: Chapters 7 and 8 introduced the problems associated with author cataloguing and have surveyed the purpose of cataloguing codes.
    Ex: The final choice, ' Quit (LOGOFF),' takes you back to the Welcome screen.
    Ex: The command function ' STOP' is used to end the session and logoff.
    Ex: The article 'Books -- is it goodbye?' shows that while there was a sharp increase in fiction in Finland after the 2nd World War, the amount of fiction is now beginning to decline.
    Ex: An objective is an individual act intended to be carried out, and a number o which are required to be carried out in order to reach a goal.
    * a este fin = to this end.
    * a fin de cuentas = at the end of the day, in the end, in the final count, in the grand scheme of things, when all is said and done, after all is said and done.
    * alcanzar + Posesivo + fin = reach + Posesivo + end.
    * al fin = at last, at long last.
    * al fin y al cabo = in the end, after all, all in all, after all is said and done, when all is said and done.
    * cinta sin fin = endless belt, conveyor belt, conveyor [conveyer].
    * con el fin de = in order to.
    * con ese fin = to that end.
    * con este fin = to this end, to that effect.
    * con fines + Adjetivo = for + Nombre + purposes.
    * con fines lucrativos = profit-making, profit-orientated, profit-oriented, profit-generating.
    * confundir los medios con el fin = confuse + the means with the ends.
    * conseguir un fin = secure + end.
    * construido expresamente para tal fin = purpose-built.
    * dar fin = bring to + a close, draw to + a close, wind down.
    * de fin de año = end of the year.
    * de fin de milenio = millennial.
    * de principio a fin = from start to finish, gavel to gavel, from beginning to end.
    * de principio a fin (documento) = cover to cover.
    * desde principio a fin = throughout.
    * discurso de fin de curso = commencement salutatory.
    * durante el fin de semana = over the weekend.
    * el fin del mundo = the ends of the earth.
    * el fin de semana = over the weekend, at the weekend.
    * el fin de todos los fines = the end of all ends.
    * el fin justifica los medios = the end justifies the means.
    * el principio del fin = the beginning of the end.
    * en el fin de semana = over the weekend, at the weekend.
    * fin de año = EOY (end of year), end of the year.
    * fin de semana = weekend.
    * fines de semana, los = at weekends.
    * fines lucrativos = financial gain.
    * generación del fin del milenio, la = Millennial Generation, the, Millennium Generation, the.
    * hasta el fin del mundo = until the end of the world.
    * leer de principio a fin = read + from cover to cover.
    * llegar a su fin = wind down, draw to + a close, draw to + an end.
    * no llevar a ningún fin = beat + a dead horse, flog + a dead horse, fart + in the wind.
    * no tener fin = there + be + no end to.
    * para este fin = to this end.
    * para fines múltiples = multipurpose [multi-purpose].
    * película sin fin = filmloop [film loop/film-loop].
    * perseguir los mismos fines = work + on the same lines.
    * perseguir un fin = pursue + end.
    * persona nacida en el fin del milenio = Millennial.
    * poner fin = curb, bring to + a close, draw to + a close.
    * poner fin a = put + paid to, put + an end to, put + a stop to, call + a halt on, bring + an end to, bring to + an end, sound + the death knell for, kill off.
    * poner fin a un embarazo = terminate + pregnancy.
    * por fin = at length, at last, finally, at long last.
    * por fin llegó la hora (de) = it's about time (that).
    * seminario de fin de semana = weekend school.
    * ser el fin de = sign + a death warrant (for).
    * ser un fin en sí mismo = be an end in itself.
    * ser un fin en sí mismos = be ends in themselves.
    * ser un medio para llegar a un fin = be the means to an end.
    * servir un fin = serve + end.
    * significar el fin de Algo = mean + an end to.
    * sin fin = never-finishing, never-ending, bottomless, interminably, unending.
    * sin fines lucrativos = non-profit [nonprofit], non-profit making.
    * tecla de fin = End key.
    * tocar a su fin = draw to + a close, draw to + an end, wind down.
    * todo el fin de semana = all weekend long.
    * un medio para alcanzar un fin = a means to an end.
    * un medio para conseguir un fin = a means to an end.
    * un medio para llegar a fin = a means to an end.
    * utilizar para un fin = put to + purpose.

    * * *
    A
    1 (final) end
    el fin de una época the end of an era
    a fines de junio at the end of June
    siempre cobramos a fin de mes we always get paid at the end of the month
    hasta el fin de los siglos or tiempos until the end of time
    el fin del mundo the end of the world
    no es el fin del mundo ( fam); it's not the end of the world ( colloq)
    tuvo un triste fin he came to a sad end
    con esta noticia ponemos fin a la edición de hoy and that's the end of tonight's news, and with that we end tonight's news
    en un intento de poner fin a estos conflictos in an attempt to put an end to these conflicts
    un accidente aéreo puso fin a su vida he was killed in an aircrash
    puso fin a la discusión she put an end to the discussion
    llevó la empresa a buen fin he brought the venture to a successful conclusion
    el verano ya llega a su fin summer is coming to an end
    [ S ] Fin The End
    2 ( en locs):
    por or al fin at last
    ¡al fin lo conseguí! at last I've done it!
    ¡por fin! hace media hora que te estoy llamando at last! I've been trying to reach you for the last half hour
    ¡por fin llegas! llevo horas esperando at last you've arrived! I've been waiting for hours
    en fin well
    en fin ¡qué se le va a hacer! ah well, what can you do?
    en fin que las cosas no andan muy bien all in all, things aren't going very well
    en fin ¡sigamos! anyway, let's carry on!
    a fin de cuentas: a fin de cuentas, lo que importa es el resultado at the end of the day, it's the result that counts
    a fin de cuentas, el que carga con la responsabilidad soy yo when it comes down to it o when all's said and done, I'm the one who has to take responsibility
    a fin de cuentas salimos ganando in the end we did well out of it
    al fin y al cabo: siempre lo disculpa, al fin y al cabo es su único hijo she always forgives him; after all, he is her only son
    es inútil darle consejos, al fin y al cabo hace siempre lo que quiere it's no good giving her advice, in the end she always does as she pleases
    tocar a su fin ( liter); to draw to a close o to an end
    Compuestos:
    New Year's Eve
    grand finale, finale
    2 ( Esp) (maletín) overnight bag o case
    B (objetivo, finalidad) purpose
    para fines pacíficos for peaceful ends o purposes
    el fin de esta visita the aim o objective o purpose of this visit
    esto constituye un fin en sí mismo this constitutes an end in itself
    una colecta con fines benéficos a collection for charity
    una institución sin fines lucrativos or de lucro a not-for-profit organization ( AmE), a non-profit-making organisation ( BrE)
    con este finor a este finor a tal fin ( frml); to this end ( frml), with this aim ( frml)
    con el fin de or a fin de ( frml); with the aim o purpose of
    a fin de que se cumpla el reglamento in order to ensure compliance with the rules
    salvo buen fin subject to clearance
    el fin justifica los medios the end justifies the means
    * * *

     

    fin sustantivo masculino
    1
    a) ( final) end;


    a fin de mes at the end of the month;
    fin de año New Year's Eve;
    fin de semana ( sábado y domingo) weekend;
    puso fin a la discusión she put an end to the discussion
    b) ( en locs) por or al fin at last;


    en fin ¡sigamos! anyway, let's carry on!;
    a fin de cuentas in the end, at the end of the day;
    al fin y al cabo after all
    2
    a) (objetivo, finalidad) purpose;

    ◊ el fin de esta visita the aim o purpose of this visit

    b) ( en locs)


    con este fin (frml) with this aim (frml), to this end (frml);
    con el fin or a fin de (frml) with the aim o purpose of
    fin sustantivo masculino
    1 (final, término) end: ponle fin a esta situación, put an end to this situation
    fin de semana, weekend
    noche de Fin de Año, New Year's Eve
    2 (meta) purpose, aim
    con el fin de, with the aim of
    fin último, main aim
    ♦ Locuciones: a fin de, in order to, so as to
    a fin de que, in order that, so that
    al fin y al cabo, when all's said and done
    en fin, anyway
    ¡por o al fin!, at last!
    ' fin' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abonada
    - abonado
    - acción
    - acertar
    - acreditar
    - activa
    - activo
    - ajustar
    - aleta
    - amortización
    - aplazar
    - asiento
    - atraso
    - auditor
    - auditora
    - aunar
    - aval
    - baja
    - balance
    - bancarrota
    - banco
    - beneficio
    - bolsa
    - bono
    - cabo
    - caja
    - cambio
    - capital
    - carga
    - cargo
    - caudal
    - cédula
    - centavo
    - cien
    - cobertura
    - colocar
    - concurrencia
    - corona
    - corredor
    - corredora
    - corriente
    - cotizar
    - cotización
    - cotizarse
    - crac
    - crack
    - crédito
    - crisis
    - cuenta
    - curso
    English:
    account
    - accrue
    - advance
    - all
    - anywhere
    - appreciate
    - appreciation
    - Armageddon
    - arms control
    - asset
    - at
    - back
    - backer
    - backing
    - balance
    - balance sheet
    - bank
    - bankrupt
    - bear
    - beginning
    - bill
    - block
    - blue-chip
    - boil down
    - bond
    - bondholder
    - book
    - bottom line
    - bottom out
    - break
    - break down
    - breakdown
    - brokerage
    - building society
    - bull
    - bullish
    - buoyancy
    - buoyant
    - but
    - buyback
    - buyer
    - capital
    - capital reserves
    - capitalize
    - cause
    - charge
    - city
    - clearance
    - clearing
    - close
    * * *
    ♦ nm
    1. [final] end;
    el fin del invierno the end of winter;
    “Fin” [en película] “The End”;
    dar o [m5] poner fin a algo to put an end to sth;
    un infarto puso fin a su vida she died from a heart attack;
    tocar a su fin to come to a close;
    a fines de at the end of;
    a fin de mes at the end of the month;
    conseguir llegar a fin de mes [económicamente] to manage to make ends meet;
    al o [m5] por fin at last, finally;
    ¡al o [m5] por fin hemos llegado! we've arrived, at last!;
    en fin, lo volveremos a intentar well o anyway, we can try again;
    en fin, que si no te interesa, no lo compres well, if you don't want it, don't buy it;
    en fin, para resumir… anyway, to summarize…;
    sin fin endless;
    diversión sin fin no end of fun, endless fun;
    recibió un sin fin de regalos she got hundreds of presents;
    a fin de cuentas, al fin y al cabo, al fin y a la postre after all
    fin de año [Nochevieja] New Year's Eve;
    voy a pasar el fin de año con la familia I'm going to stay with my family over New Year;
    nuestros resultados de fin de año our year end results;
    fin de curso [en colegio] end of the school year;
    [en universidad] end of the academic year;
    fin de fiesta grand finale;
    el fin del mundo the end of the world;
    anímate, no es el fin del mundo cheer up, it isn't the end of the world;
    al fin del mundo to the end of the earth (and back);
    fin de semana weekend
    2. [objetivo] aim, goal;
    el fin justifica los medios the end justifies the means;
    el fin último the ultimate goal;
    con este fin with this aim, to this end;
    una organización con fines benéficos a charity, a charitable organization;
    con fines lucrativos profit-making
    ♦ a fin de loc conj
    esfuérzate a fin de aprobar make an effort (in order) to try and pass;
    han subido los intereses a fin de contener la inflación they have raised interest rates (in order) to keep inflation down;
    compórtate bien a fin de que no te puedan reprochar nada behave well so (that) they can't reproach you for anything
    * * *
    m
    1 end;
    al o
    por fin finally, at last;
    a fines de mayo at the end of May;
    sin fin endless, never-ending;
    dar o
    poner fin a end, bring to an end; abuso, disputa put an end to;
    tocar a su fin draw to a close, come to an end
    2 ( objetivo) aim, purpose;
    con el fin de que acabemos a tiempo in order to finish on time, to ensure that we finish on time;
    el fin justifica los medios the end justifies the means;
    a fin de in order to
    :
    al fin y al cabo at the end of the day, after all;
    en fin anyway
    * * *
    fin nm
    1) : end
    2) : purpose, aim, objective
    3)
    en fin : in short
    4)
    fin de semana : weekend
    5)
    por fin : finally, at last
    * * *
    fin n
    1. (final) end
    2. (objetivo) purpose / aim
    a fin de to / in order to
    a fin de cuentas at the end of the day / when all's said and done
    al fin y al cabo in the end / after all
    en fin (bien) well (en resumen) in short / all in all

    Spanish-English dictionary > fin

  • 100 nervioso

    adj.
    nervous, edgy, jumpy, jittery.
    * * *
    1 (gen) nervous
    2 (excitable) excitable
    3 (intranquilo) nervous, uptight, edgy
    \
    poner nervioso,-a a alguien to get on somebody's nerves
    ponerse nervioso,-a (intranquilizarse) to get nervous 2 (impacientarse) to get all excited 3 (aturullarse) to get flustered
    * * *
    (f. - nerviosa)
    adj.
    * * *
    ADJ
    1) (Anat) nerve antes de s, nervous
    2) (=excitable)

    ser nervioso — to be highly strung, be nervous

    3) (=intranquilo)

    ¡no te pongas nervioso! — keep cool! *

    * * *
    - sa adjetivo
    1) <persona/animal>
    a) [ser] ( excitable) nervous
    b) [estar] (preocupado, tenso) nervous
    c) [estar] ( agitado) agitated
    2) < trastorno> nervous
    * * *
    = nervous, in a tizz(y), nervy [nervier -comp., nerviest -sup.], jumpy [jumpier -comp., jumpiest -sup.], on edge, fidgety, uptight, twitchy [twitchier -comp., twitchiest -sup.], stressed.
    Ex. Male librarians believed the public's image of themselves to be more submissive, meek, nervous, effeminate, reserved, following, subdued and less approachable, athletic, and attractive than the undergraduate sample actually saw them.
    Ex. And finally, we have the art librarians in a tizzy because they think certain types of headings have been tampered with.
    Ex. The article ' Nervy Days for Office Suppliers' reviews the present state of affairs of office automation.
    Ex. This film adaptation is scrappily made and jumpy, and there is nothing here that evokes either the joy of the moment or the death of the soul.
    Ex. The combination of trade deficit, budget deficit, and threat of war has international investors completely on edge.
    Ex. Fidgety people are rarely well, they have generally `a headache,' or `spasms,' or `nerves,' or something of that sort.
    Ex. Many of the working-class mothers who take part could be described as uptight.
    Ex. The day before she wouldn't eat or speak and she was twitchy since she didn't know what the future would hold.
    Ex. Australia is 'in a different league' to most stressed world economies because of the stability of its banks and China's hunger for its exports.
    ----
    * depresión nerviosa = breakdown.
    * de un modo nervioso = nervously.
    * estar nervioso = be in a tizz(y), have + butterflies in + Posesivo + stomach.
    * gas nervioso = nerve agent, nerve gas.
    * la gente se está poniendo nerviosa = the natives are nervous.
    * muy nervioso = in a state of agitation, highly-strung, high-strung.
    * persona nerviosa = fidget.
    * poner nervioso = rattle.
    * ponerse nervioso = get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, be in a tizz(y), get in(to) a tizz(y), have + butterflies in + Posesivo + stomach.
    * risa nerviosa = giggle.
    * risita nerviosa = giggle.
    * sistema nervioso = nervous system.
    * sistema nervioso periférico = peripheral nervous system.
    * sufrir una depresión nerviosa = have + a breakdown.
    * terminación nerviosa = nerve ending.
    * tic nervioso = tic.
    * * *
    - sa adjetivo
    1) <persona/animal>
    a) [ser] ( excitable) nervous
    b) [estar] (preocupado, tenso) nervous
    c) [estar] ( agitado) agitated
    2) < trastorno> nervous
    * * *
    = nervous, in a tizz(y), nervy [nervier -comp., nerviest -sup.], jumpy [jumpier -comp., jumpiest -sup.], on edge, fidgety, uptight, twitchy [twitchier -comp., twitchiest -sup.], stressed.

    Ex: Male librarians believed the public's image of themselves to be more submissive, meek, nervous, effeminate, reserved, following, subdued and less approachable, athletic, and attractive than the undergraduate sample actually saw them.

    Ex: And finally, we have the art librarians in a tizzy because they think certain types of headings have been tampered with.
    Ex: The article ' Nervy Days for Office Suppliers' reviews the present state of affairs of office automation.
    Ex: This film adaptation is scrappily made and jumpy, and there is nothing here that evokes either the joy of the moment or the death of the soul.
    Ex: The combination of trade deficit, budget deficit, and threat of war has international investors completely on edge.
    Ex: Fidgety people are rarely well, they have generally `a headache,' or `spasms,' or `nerves,' or something of that sort.
    Ex: Many of the working-class mothers who take part could be described as uptight.
    Ex: The day before she wouldn't eat or speak and she was twitchy since she didn't know what the future would hold.
    Ex: Australia is 'in a different league' to most stressed world economies because of the stability of its banks and China's hunger for its exports.
    * depresión nerviosa = breakdown.
    * de un modo nervioso = nervously.
    * estar nervioso = be in a tizz(y), have + butterflies in + Posesivo + stomach.
    * gas nervioso = nerve agent, nerve gas.
    * la gente se está poniendo nerviosa = the natives are nervous.
    * muy nervioso = in a state of agitation, highly-strung, high-strung.
    * persona nerviosa = fidget.
    * poner nervioso = rattle.
    * ponerse nervioso = get + Posesivo + panties in a bundle, be in a tizz(y), get in(to) a tizz(y), have + butterflies in + Posesivo + stomach.
    * risa nerviosa = giggle.
    * risita nerviosa = giggle.
    * sistema nervioso = nervous system.
    * sistema nervioso periférico = peripheral nervous system.
    * sufrir una depresión nerviosa = have + a breakdown.
    * terminación nerviosa = nerve ending.
    * tic nervioso = tic.

    * * *
    A ‹persona/animal›
    1 [ SER] (excitable) nervous, high-strung ( AmE), highly strung ( BrE)
    2 [ ESTAR] (preocupado) nervous
    estoy muy nervioso por lo de los exámenes I'm very nervous o ( colloq) uptight about the exams
    3 [ ESTAR] (agitado) agitated
    todos estamos muy nerviosos we're all very agitated o ( colloq) worked up o ( colloq) het up
    estás muy nerviosa hoy ¿qué te ha pasado? you seem very agitated o on edge o ( colloq) jumpy today, what's up?
    ese ruido me tiene or me pone nerviosa that noise is getting on my nerves
    me pongo nervioso cada vez que la veo I get flustered every time I see her
    B ‹trastorno› nervous
    * * *

     

    nervioso
    ◊ -sa adjetivo

    1 ‹persona/animal›
    a) [ser] ( excitable) nervous

    b) [estar] (preocupado, tenso) nervous;


    c) [estar] ( agitado) agitated;

    ◊ últimamente se le nota nervioso he's been on edge o (colloq) uptight lately;

    ese ruido me pone muy nerviosa that noise is getting on my nerves;
    me pongo nervioso cada vez que la veo I get flustered every time I see her
    2 ‹ trastorno› nervous;
    ‹ célula› nerve ( before n)
    nervioso,-a adjetivo
    1 nervous: la pregunta le puso nervioso, the question made him nervous
    ponerse nervioso, to get nervous/upset
    2 (inquieto, intranquilo) fidgety: es un niño muy nervioso, he's a very restless child
    ' nervioso' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    agitada
    - agitado
    - agitarse
    - descomponer
    - descomponerse
    - desesperar
    - emocionarse
    - enervar
    - idea
    - impulso
    - nerviosa
    - toda
    - todo
    - ver
    - alborotado
    - poner
    - sí
    - sistema
    - tic
    English:
    crack up
    - edge
    - edgy
    - excite
    - fidgety
    - flap
    - fluster
    - fraught
    - gulp
    - highly-strung
    - jitters
    - jittery
    - jumpy
    - keyed up
    - knickers
    - lather
    - nerve gas
    - nervous
    - nervous system
    - panicky
    - rattle
    - state
    - twitchy
    - unnerve
    - uptight
    - work up
    - agitated
    - butter
    - cool
    - dither
    - high
    - hype
    - nerve
    - system
    - unnerving
    - up
    * * *
    nervioso, -a adj
    1. [sistema, enfermedad] nervous;
    centro/tejido nervioso nerve centre/tissue
    2. [inquieto, agitado] nervous;
    está muy nervioso he's very nervous;
    está muy nervioso por la operación de su padre he's very anxious about his father's operation;
    quise hablar con ella pero me puse muy nervioso I wanted to talk to her but I got all nervous;
    todavía no me han dicho el resultado y me estoy poniendo nervioso they still haven't told me the result and I'm getting nervous o a bit jumpy;
    ese ruidito me está poniendo nervioso that noise is getting on my nerves
    3. [muy activo] Br highly strung, US high-strung;
    es muy nervioso he's very Br highly strung o US high-strung
    * * *
    adj nervous;
    ponerse nervioso get nervous; ( agitado) get agitated;
    poner a alguien nervioso get on s.o.’s nerves
    * * *
    nervioso, -sa adj
    1) : nervous, nerve
    sistema nervioso: nervous system
    2) : high-strung, restless, anxious
    ponerse nervioso: to get nervous
    3) : vigorous, energetic
    * * *
    nervioso adj nervous

    Spanish-English dictionary > nervioso

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