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41 שִׁיטָּה
שִׁיטָּה, שִׁטָּהIII f. ( שטט, cmp. שִׁרְטֵט) l) row, line. Neg. X, 6 וש׳ של שערוכ׳ and a row of hair separating them. Y.Kidd.II, 62d אשה … ושי׳ שלוכ׳ (not שוטה) a bald-headed woman with a row of hair going around from ear to ear. Y.Yoma IV, 41c top אני ראיתיו … אלא ש׳ אחתוכ׳ I have seen it (the high priests mitre) in Rome, and there was engraved on it only in one line, ‘holy unto the Lord. Tosef.Gitt.IX (VII), 11 מלא ש׳ אחת the space of one line (of writing); Y. ib. IX, 50c; Y.B. Bath.X, beg.17c. Treat. Sofrim XII, 8; a. fr.Pl. שִׁיטִּין, שִׁטִּ׳ (m.), שִׁיטּוֹת. Ib. שִׁיטּוֹתֶיהָ של תורה the division of lines in the Pentateuch. Ib. 9 סימן תחלת הש׳וכ׳ the mark for the beginning of lines (in Haăzinu, Deut. 32) is, Haazinu, Yaʿarof Y. B. Bath. l. c. מקים שני ש׳ the space of two lines; Tosef. Gitt. l. c.; Y. ib. l. c. Ḥull.65a בשתי תיבות פסיק להו בשני ש׳וכ׳ written as two separate words, but not divided between two lines; a. fr. 2) (trnsf.) line of thought, opinion, principle, system. Lev. R. s. 2 אמר ש׳ אחרת offered a second mode (of developing the same idea from two Scripture verses). Y.Gitt.V, 47c top; Y.Erub.VII, 24c bot. ירדו לה בשִׁיטַּתוכ׳ they entered into (drew an analogy from) the principle laid down in the law concerning transactions of children. Erub.99a, a. e. מוחלפת הש׳, v. חָלַף; (Rashi: R. J. is at variance with his own principle, v. שִׁיטְּתָא). Y.Pes.VII, beg.34a בשיטתר׳ מאיר following up R. Meirs principle. Y.Peah V, 19a top (read:) בשִׁיטָּתָן השיבהו בשִׁיטַּתְכֶן דאתון אמריןוכ׳ he (R. El.) argued against them by entering into their opinion (without adopting it for himself); according to your principle, when you say ; a. fr. (in Chald. diction, v. שִׁיטְּתָא).Pl. שִׁיטִּין. Num. R. s. 199> (ref. to המרים, Num. 20:10) ש׳ הרבה יש בו there are several ways of interpreting that word; a. e. -
42 שִׁטָּה
שִׁיטָּה, שִׁטָּהIII f. ( שטט, cmp. שִׁרְטֵט) l) row, line. Neg. X, 6 וש׳ של שערוכ׳ and a row of hair separating them. Y.Kidd.II, 62d אשה … ושי׳ שלוכ׳ (not שוטה) a bald-headed woman with a row of hair going around from ear to ear. Y.Yoma IV, 41c top אני ראיתיו … אלא ש׳ אחתוכ׳ I have seen it (the high priests mitre) in Rome, and there was engraved on it only in one line, ‘holy unto the Lord. Tosef.Gitt.IX (VII), 11 מלא ש׳ אחת the space of one line (of writing); Y. ib. IX, 50c; Y.B. Bath.X, beg.17c. Treat. Sofrim XII, 8; a. fr.Pl. שִׁיטִּין, שִׁטִּ׳ (m.), שִׁיטּוֹת. Ib. שִׁיטּוֹתֶיהָ של תורה the division of lines in the Pentateuch. Ib. 9 סימן תחלת הש׳וכ׳ the mark for the beginning of lines (in Haăzinu, Deut. 32) is, Haazinu, Yaʿarof Y. B. Bath. l. c. מקים שני ש׳ the space of two lines; Tosef. Gitt. l. c.; Y. ib. l. c. Ḥull.65a בשתי תיבות פסיק להו בשני ש׳וכ׳ written as two separate words, but not divided between two lines; a. fr. 2) (trnsf.) line of thought, opinion, principle, system. Lev. R. s. 2 אמר ש׳ אחרת offered a second mode (of developing the same idea from two Scripture verses). Y.Gitt.V, 47c top; Y.Erub.VII, 24c bot. ירדו לה בשִׁיטַּתוכ׳ they entered into (drew an analogy from) the principle laid down in the law concerning transactions of children. Erub.99a, a. e. מוחלפת הש׳, v. חָלַף; (Rashi: R. J. is at variance with his own principle, v. שִׁיטְּתָא). Y.Pes.VII, beg.34a בשיטתר׳ מאיר following up R. Meirs principle. Y.Peah V, 19a top (read:) בשִׁיטָּתָן השיבהו בשִׁיטַּתְכֶן דאתון אמריןוכ׳ he (R. El.) argued against them by entering into their opinion (without adopting it for himself); according to your principle, when you say ; a. fr. (in Chald. diction, v. שִׁיטְּתָא).Pl. שִׁיטִּין. Num. R. s. 199> (ref. to המרים, Num. 20:10) ש׳ הרבה יש בו there are several ways of interpreting that word; a. e. -
43 проявление в кислотной ванне
Textile: acid bath developingУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > проявление в кислотной ванне
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44 проявляюще-фиксирующая ванна
Engineering: developing-fixing bath, monobathУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > проявляюще-фиксирующая ванна
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45 goût
goût° [gu]masculine nouna. ( = sens) tasteb. ( = saveur) taste• ça a bon/mauvais goût it tastes nice/nasty• donner du goût à qch [épice, condiment] to add flavour to sthc. ( = jugement) taste• avoir du/manquer de goût to have/lack taste• homme/femme de goût man/woman of taste• prendre goût à qch to get or acquire a taste for sth• à mon/son goût for my/his taste• avoir des goûts de luxe to have expensive tastes (PROV) des goûts et des couleurs (on ne discute pas) there's no accounting for taste(s)* * *gunom masculin1) ( sens) taste; ( appréciation) palate2) ( saveur) tasteavoir un goût sucré — to taste sweet, to have a sweet taste
avoir un goût de brûlé/de pêche — to taste burned/of peaches
donner du goût à quelque chose — to give something flavour [BrE]
3) ( discernement) tastede bon/mauvais goût — in good/bad taste (après n)
d'un goût douteux — [décor, plaisanterie, scène] in dubious taste (après n)
avec/sans goût — [décorer] tastefully/tastelessly
s'habiller avec/sans goût — to have good/no dress sense
4) ( gré) likingne pas être du goût de tout le monde — [situation] not to be to everyone's liking; [décor, aliment] not to be everyone's cup of tea
5) ( préférence) taste••avoir un goût de trop peu or pas assez — to be on the stingy side
tous les goûts sont dans la nature — Proverbe it takes all sorts to make a world Proverbe
des goûts et des couleurs on ne discute pas — Proverbe there's no accounting for taste
* * *ɡu nm1) [aliment] tasteavoir bon/mauvais goût [aliment] — to taste nice/nasty
Ça n'a pas de goût. — It's got no taste.
2) [personne] tasteElle a très bon goût. — She's got very good taste.
de bon goût — in good taste, tasteful
de mauvais goût — in bad taste, tasteless
prendre goût à — to develop a taste for, to develop a liking for
* * *goût nm1 Physiol ( sens) taste; ( appréciation) palate; agréable/désagréable au goût pleasant-/unpleasant-tasting; avoir le goût exercé to have a keen palate; stimuler/émousser le goût to stimulate/to dull one's sense of taste; éduquer le goût des enfants to teach children to appreciate food;2 ( saveur) taste; avoir un goût sucré/désagréable to have a sweet/an unpleasant taste; avoir un goût de brûlé/de pêche to taste burned/of peaches; avoir un petit goût de miel to taste slightly of honey; avoir bon/mauvais goût to taste nice/unpleasant; avoir un petit goût to taste a bit strange; laisser un (mauvais) goût dans la bouche to leave a nasty taste in one's mouth; le vin a un léger goût de bouchon the wine tastes slightly corked; donner du goût à qch to give sth flavourGB; n'avoir aucun goût to be tasteless;3 ( discernement) taste; avoir du goût to have taste; se fier à son goût to trust to one's own taste; avoir un goût très sûr to have unfailingly good taste; avoir bon/mauvais goût to have good/bad taste; de bon/mauvais goût [décor, vêtement, plaisanterie] in good/bad taste ( après n); d'un goût douteux [décor, plaisanterie, scène] in dubious taste ( après n); les gens de goût people with good taste; c'étaient des personnes de goût they had good taste; avec/sans goût [décorer] tastefully/tastelessly; s'habiller avec/sans goût to be well-/badly-dressed; sans goût ni grâce [personne, visage] plain and ordinary; il serait de mauvais goût de faire it would be in bad taste to do; avoir le bon goût de faire to have the decency to do; avoir le bon goût de ne pas faire to have the good taste not to do; avoir le mauvais goût de faire to be tactless enough to do;4 ( gré) liking; trop chaud à mon goût too hot for my liking; avoir du goût pour la peinture to have a liking for painting; ne pas être du goût de tout le monde [situation, réforme, proposition] not to be to everyone's liking; [décor, site, aliment, forme d'art] not to be everyone's cup of tea; je n'ai rien trouvé à mon goût chez l'antiquaire I didn't find anything I liked in the antique shop; elle ne trouve pas mon fils à son goût she doesn't like my son; mon choix n'était pas au goût de mon père my father didn't approve of my choice; je n'ai aucun goût pour la politique I have absolutely no interest in politics; je n'ai plus goût à rien I've lost interest in things; elle reprend goût à la vie she's starting to enjoy life again; avoir le goût du risque to like taking risks; avoir le goût du détail [peintre, écrivain] to like detail; [décorateur, designer] to pay attention to detail; être au goût du jour to be trendy; to be ‘in’; se mettre au goût du jour to update one's image; remettre qch au goût du jour to bring sth back into fashion; il a pris goût à la pêche/aux échecs he got to like fishing/chess; il semble prendre goût à la politique he seems to be developing a taste for politics; faire qch par goût to do sth for pleasure; dans le goût classique in the classical style; dans le goût de Picasso in the style of Picasso; quelque chose dans or de ce goût-là○ something a bit like that○; je vais te faire passer le goût de me critiquer en public○ I'll teach you to criticize me in public;5 ( préférence) taste; je ne connais pas tes goûts I don't know your tastes; avoir des goûts simples/de luxe to have simple/expensive tastes; mes goûts littéraires/artistiques my taste in literature/art; il y en a pour tous les goûts there's something to suit all tastes; ‘c'est joli?’-‘ça dépend des goûts!’ ‘is it pretty?’-‘that's a matter of taste!’; chacun ses goûts to each his own, there's no accounting for taste.avoir un goût de revenez-y [dessert, plat] to be moreish GB, to make you want seconds US; avoir un goût de trop peu or pas assez to be on the stingy side; tous les goûts sont dans la nature Prov it takes all sorts to make a world Prov; des goûts et des couleurs on ne discute pas Prov there's no accounting for taste.[gu] nom masculin1. [sens] taste2. [saveur] tasteça a un goût de miel/moutarde it tastes of honey/mustard3. [préférence] tasteun goût marqué ou particulier pour... a great liking ou fondness for...c'est (une) affaire ou question de goût it's a matter of tasteà chacun son goût, chacun son goût each to his ownil faut leur donner le goût des maths we've got to give them a taste ou a liking for mathsfaire quelque chose par goût to do something out of ou by inclination5. [jugement esthétique] tasteelle a bon/mauvais goût she has good/bad tasteil serait de bon goût de nous retirer ou que nous nous retirions it would be proper to take our leavecette plaisanterie est d'un goût douteux that joke is in poor ou doubtful tasteune remarque de mauvais goût a remark in poor ou bad taste6. [mode]dans ce goût-là: c'était une fourrure en renard, ou quelque chose dans ce goût-là it was a fox fur, or something of the sort————————à mon goût, à son goût etc. locution adjectivale & locution adverbialeto my/his etc. likingDire que l'on aime quelque chose ou quelqu'unI like French food/reading in bed at night. J'aime la cuisine française/lire au lit la nuitI quite/really like her. Je l'aime bien/beaucoupI (really) love opera/swimming in the sea. J'adore l'opéra/nager dans la merI like nothing better ou There's nothing I like more than a hot bath. Rien de tel qu'un bon bain chaudI think he's really nice. Je le trouve très sympaI have a soft spot for her. J'ai un faible pour elleI have a passion for sailing. J'adore la voileHe's really into jazz familier. Il est très branché jazzYou can't beat a nice cup of tea familier. Il n'y a rien de meilleur qu'une bonne tasse de théDire que l'on n'aime pas quelque chose ou quelqu'unI don't (really) like him/rap. Je ne l'aime pas (vraiment)/Je n'aime pas (vraiment) le rapI don't like being told what to do. Je n'aime pas qu'on me dise ce que je dois faireThe thing I don't like about him is his arrogance. Ce que je n'aime pas chez lui, c'est son arroganceI'm not too keen on classical music UK. Je n'aime pas trop la musique classiqueI hate him/football. Je le déteste/Je déteste le footI hate having to get up early. Je déteste me lever tôtI can't stand (the sight of) her. Je ne peux pas la voir (en peinture)If there's one thing I can't stand, it's hypocrisy. S'il y a une chose que je ne supporte pas, c'est bien l'hypocrisieWalking in the rain isn't my idea of fun. Marcher sous la pluie, ce n'est pas ce que j'appelle s'amuserHe's not really into sport familier. Il n'est pas très branché sportCamping isn't really my (kind of) thing familier. Le camping, ce n'est pas tellement mon truc -
46 проявление в кислотной ванне
Русско-английский текстильный словарь > проявление в кислотной ванне
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47 Adams, William Bridges
[br]b. 1797 Madeley, Staffordshire, Englandd. 23 July 1872 Broadstairs, Kent, England[br]English inventory particularly of road and rail vehicles and their equipment.[br]Ill health forced Adams to live abroad when he was a young man and when he returned to England in the early 1830s he became a partner in his father's firm of coachbuilders. Coaches during that period were steered by a centrally pivoted front axle, which meant that the front wheels had to swing beneath the body and were therefore made smaller than the rear wheels. Adams considered this design defective and invented equirotal coaches, built by his firm, in which the front and rear wheels were of equal diameter and the coach body was articulated midway along its length so that the front part pivoted. He also applied himself to improving vehicles for railways, which were developing rapidly then.In 1843 he opened his own engineering works, Fairfield Works in north London (he was not related to his contemporary William Adams, who was appointed Locomotive Superintendent to the North London Railway in 1854). In 1847 he and James Samuel, Engineer to the Eastern Counties Railway, built for that line a small steam inspection car, the Express, which was light enough to be lifted off the track. The following year Adams built a broad-gauge steam railcar, the Fairfield, for the Bristol \& Exeter Railway at the insistance of the line's Engineer, C.H.Gregory: self-propelled and passenger-carrying, this was the first railcar. Adams developed the concept further into a light locomotive that could haul two or three separate carriages, and light locomotives built both by his own firm and by other noted builders came into vogue for a decade or more.In 1847 Adams also built eight-wheeled coaches for the Eastern Counties Railway that were larger and more spacious than most others of the day: each in effect comprised two four-wheeled coaches articulated together, with wheels that were allowed limited side-play. He also realized the necessity for improvements to railway track, the weakest point of which was the joints between the rails, whose adjoining ends were normally held in common chairs. Adams invented the fishplated joint, first used by the Eastern Counties Railway in 1849 and subsequently used almost universally.Adams was a prolific inventor. Most important of his later inventions was the radial axle, which was first applied to the leading and trailing wheels of a 2–4–2 tank engine, the White Raven, built in 1863; Adams's radial axle was the forerunner of all later radial axles. However, the sprung tyres with which White Raven was also fitted (an elastic steel hoop was interposed between wheel centre and tyre) were not perpetuated. His inventiveness was not restricted to engineering: in matters of dress, his adoption, perhaps invention, of the turn-down collar at a time when men conventionally wore standup collars had lasting effect.[br]BibliographyAdams took out some thirty five British patents, including one for the fishplate in 1847. He wrote copiously, as journalist and author: his most important book was English Pleasure Carriages (1837), a detailed description of coachbuilding, together with ideas for railway vehicles and track. The 1971 reprint (Bath: Adams \& Dart) has a biographical introduction by Jack Simmons.Further ReadingC.Hamilton Ellis, 1958, Twenty Locomotive Men, Shepperton: Ian Allan, Ch. 1. See also England, George.PJGR -
48 Héroult, Paul Louis Toussaint
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 1863 Thury-Harcourt, Caen, Franced. 9 May 1914 Antibes, France[br]French metallurigst, inventor of the process of aluminium reduction by electrolysis.[br]Paul Héroult, the son of a tanner, at the age of 16, while still at school in Caen, read Deville's book on aluminium and became obsessed with the idea of developing a cheap way of producing this metal. After his family moved to Gentillysur-Bièvre he studied at the Ecole Sainte-Barbe in Paris and then returned to Caen to work in the laboratory of his father's tannery. His first patent, filed in February and granted on 23 April 1886, described an invention almost identical to that of C.M. Hall: "the electrolysis of alumina dissolved in molten cryolite into which the current is introduced through suitable electrodes. The cryolite is not consumed." Early in 1887 Héroult attempted to obtain the support of Alfred Rangod Pechiney, the proprietor of the works at Salindres where Deville's process for making sodium-reduced aluminium was still being operated. Pechiney persuaded Héroult to modify his electrolytic process by using a cathode of molten copper, thus making it possible produce aluminium bronze rather than pure aluminium. Héroult then approached the Swiss firm J.G.Nehe Söhne, ironmasters, whose works at the Falls of Schaffhausen obtained power from the Rhine. They were looking for a new metallurgical process requiring large quantities of cheap hydroelectric power and Héroult's process seemed suitable. In 1887 they established the Société Metallurgique Suisse to test Héroult's process. Héroult became Technical Director and went to the USA to defend his patents against those of Hall. During his absence the Schaffhausen trials were successfully completed, and on 18 November 1888 the Société Metallurgique combined with the German AEG group, Oerlikon and Escher Wyss, to establish the Aluminium Industrie Aktiengesellschaft Neuhausen. In the early electrolytic baths it was occasionally found that arcs between the bath surface and electrode could develop if the electrodes were inadvertently raised. From this observation, Héroult and M.Killiani developed the electric arc furnace. In this, arcs were intentionally formed between the surface of the charge and several electrodes, each connected to a different pole of the AC supply. This furnace, the prototype of the modern electric steel furnace, was first used for the direct reduction of iron ore at La Praz in 1903. This work was undertaken for the Canadian Government, for whom Héroult subsequently designed a 5,000-amp single-phase furnace which was installed and tested at Sault-Sainte-Marie in Ontario and successfully used for smelting magnetite ore.[br]Further ReadingAluminium Industrie Aktiengesellschaft Neuhausen, 1938, The History of the Aluminium-Industrie-Aktien-Gesellschaft Neuhausen 1888–1938, 2 vols, Neuhausen.C.J.Gignoux, Histoire d'une entreprise française. "The Hall-Héroult affair", 1961, Metal Bulletin (14 April):1–4.ASDBiographical history of technology > Héroult, Paul Louis Toussaint
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49 yıkamaç
phot. developer (chemical agent, bath, or reagent used in developing). -
50 תוך II
תּוֹךְII m. (b. h. תָּוֶךְ, constr. תּוֹךְ) 1) middle, inside, receptacle. Kel. XXVII, 1 כל שאין לו ת׳וכ׳ earthen vessels which have no inside (receptacle), have no back, i. e. their back is not susceptible of levitical uncleanness. Ib. XXV, 2. Ib. 4 כלי שנטמאו … לא נטמא תוֹכוֹ if the outside of a vessel has become unclean, its inside is not affected thereby. Yoma 72b, v. בַּר I; a. fr.Pl. תּוֹכוֹת. Gitt.20a חק ת׳, v. חָקַק. 2) (prep.) in, into, within. Nidd.45b ת׳ זמן within the period (during the year of developing puberty); B. Bath. 155b. Ib. 5a פרעתיך בת׳ זמני I paid thee within my appointed time (before the debt was due). Dem. VII, 5 בת׳ ביתו in his house. Kil. I, 8 לת׳ האבטיח in to a melon; a. v. fr.ת׳ כדי דיבור, v. דַּימִתּ׳. immediately from, through, because of. Ber.V, 1 מת׳ כובד ראש in a mood of humility, v. כּוֹבֶד. Ib. 31a אין … לא מת׳ דיןוכ׳ you must not rise for prayer immediately after giving judgment, or after an undecided discussion Ib. מת׳ עצבות from a mood of grief. Pes.50b מת׳ שלא לשמה, v. שֵׁם; Naz.23b.Shebu.32b, a. fr. מת׳ שאינו יכול לישבעוכ׳ because he cannot make oath, he must pay. Bets.12a, a. e. מת׳ שהותרה הוצאהוכ׳ since carrying for an immediate need (on the Holy Bay) has once been permitted, it has also been permitted for a less immediate need; a. v. fr. -
51 תּוֹךְ
תּוֹךְII m. (b. h. תָּוֶךְ, constr. תּוֹךְ) 1) middle, inside, receptacle. Kel. XXVII, 1 כל שאין לו ת׳וכ׳ earthen vessels which have no inside (receptacle), have no back, i. e. their back is not susceptible of levitical uncleanness. Ib. XXV, 2. Ib. 4 כלי שנטמאו … לא נטמא תוֹכוֹ if the outside of a vessel has become unclean, its inside is not affected thereby. Yoma 72b, v. בַּר I; a. fr.Pl. תּוֹכוֹת. Gitt.20a חק ת׳, v. חָקַק. 2) (prep.) in, into, within. Nidd.45b ת׳ זמן within the period (during the year of developing puberty); B. Bath. 155b. Ib. 5a פרעתיך בת׳ זמני I paid thee within my appointed time (before the debt was due). Dem. VII, 5 בת׳ ביתו in his house. Kil. I, 8 לת׳ האבטיח in to a melon; a. v. fr.ת׳ כדי דיבור, v. דַּימִתּ׳. immediately from, through, because of. Ber.V, 1 מת׳ כובד ראש in a mood of humility, v. כּוֹבֶד. Ib. 31a אין … לא מת׳ דיןוכ׳ you must not rise for prayer immediately after giving judgment, or after an undecided discussion Ib. מת׳ עצבות from a mood of grief. Pes.50b מת׳ שלא לשמה, v. שֵׁם; Naz.23b.Shebu.32b, a. fr. מת׳ שאינו יכול לישבעוכ׳ because he cannot make oath, he must pay. Bets.12a, a. e. מת׳ שהותרה הוצאהוכ׳ since carrying for an immediate need (on the Holy Bay) has once been permitted, it has also been permitted for a less immediate need; a. v. fr.
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bath — [[t]bɑ͟ːθ, bæ̱θ[/t]] ♦♦♦ baths, bathing, bathed (When the form baths is the plural of the noun it is pronounced [[t]bɑ͟ːðz[/t]]u> or [[t]bæ̱θs[/t]]u> in British English, and [[t]bæ̱ðz[/t]]u> in American English. When it is used in the… … English dictionary
Bath Chronicle — Infobox Newspaper name = Bath Chronicle caption = Front page of Bath Chronicle type = Weekly newspaper format = tabloid foundation = 1760 ceased publication = price = owners = Northcliffe Media publisher = editor = Sam Holliday chiefeditor =… … Wikipedia
Bath — n. & v. n. (pl. baths) 1 a (in full bath tub) a container for liquid, usu. water, used for immersing and washing the body. b this with its contents (your bath is ready). 2 the act or process of immersing the body for washing or therapy (have a… … Useful english dictionary
bath — n. & v. n. (pl. baths) 1 a (in full bath tub) a container for liquid, usu. water, used for immersing and washing the body. b this with its contents (your bath is ready). 2 the act or process of immersing the body for washing or therapy (have a… … Useful english dictionary
Stop bath — is the second of three chemical baths usually used in processing traditional black and white photographic films, plates, and paper. The sequence is: developer, stop bath, fixer. The purpose of the stop bath is to halt the development of the film … Wikipedia