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destroying+(verb)

  • 1 consumir

    v.
    1 to consume (producto).
    en casa consumimos mucho aceite de oliva we use a lot of olive oil at home
    consumir drogas to take drugs
    consumir preferentemente antes de… best before…
    María consumió sus ahorros Mary consumed her savings.
    La malaria consumió a Pedro The swamp fever consumed Peter.
    La pasión consumió a Ricardo The passion consumed Richard.
    2 to use, to consume.
    esta estufa consume mucha electricidad this heater uses a lot of electricity
    mi coche consume cinco litros a los cien my car does twenty kilometers to the liter
    3 to destroy (destruir) (sujeto: fuego).
    le consumen los celos (figurative) he is eaten up by o consumed with jealousy
    4 to burn up.
    El auto consume mucha gasolina The car burns up too much fuel.
    * * *
    1 (gastar, usar) to consume, use
    2 (destruir) to destroy, consume
    3 (tomar) to take, consume
    4 figurado (carcomer, afligir) to consume; (poner nervioso) to get on one's nerves, infuriate
    1 (extinguirse) to burn out
    2 (secarse) to boil away
    3 (destruirse) to be destroyed
    4 figurado (afligirse) to waste away
    5 figurado (carcomerse) to be consumed, be devoured
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) [+ comida, bebida, droga] to consume frm

    consumir preferentemente antes de... — best before...

    2) [+ energía, gasolina] to use, consume frm
    3) [+ tiempo] to take up
    4) (=extinguir) [+ salud] to destroy

    el cáncer lo está consumiendo — cancer is destroying him, he's being wasted away by cancer

    estos niños me están consumiendo la paciencia — these children are trying o taxing my patience, my patience is wearing thin with these children

    5) (=desesperar)

    los celos lo consumen — he is consumed o eaten up with jealousy

    6) And, CAm (=sumergir) to submerge
    2. VI
    1) (=comer) to eat; (=beber) to drink

    por favor, váyase si no va a consumir — please leave if you're not going to eat or drink

    2) (=gastar) to consume
    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) (frml) <comida/bebida> to eat/drink, consume (frml)

    no vamos a consumir nada — we're not going to have anything to eat/drink

    consúmase en el día — eat o consume within one day

    consumen cantidades industriales de mermelada — (hum) they get through vast quantities of jam (colloq & hum)

    b) <gasolina/energía/producto> to consume, use; < tiempo> to take up
    c) < salud> to ruin
    2) (destruir, acabar con)
    a) fuego/llamas to consume
    c) envidia/celos

    la envidia/los celos la consumían — he was consumed by o with envy/jealousy

    3) ( exasperar) to exasperate
    2.
    consumirse v pron
    a) enfermo/anciano to waste away

    consumirse de algo: se consumía de pena — she was being consumed by grief

    b) vela/cigarrillo to burn down
    c) líquido to reduce
    * * *
    = consume, expend, eat up, swallow up, use up, put away.
    Ex. Her eyes were dry and her head bleary from spending all week totally consumed with work.
    Ex. Command of various techniques for forecasting payments and managing funds is necessary to expend fully without overspending the annual materials budget.
    Ex. The importance of staff atitude is emphasized because the outreach effort has little chance of success without commitment -- it eats up time, energy, enthusiasm and imagination at a rapid rate.
    Ex. The growing complexity of computing environments requires creative solutions to prevent the gain in productivity promised by computing advances from being swallowed up by the necessity of moving information from one environment to another.
    Ex. Plug-in programs have grown widely, they add functionality to a WWW browser but also use up drive storage space or conflict with other types of programs.
    Ex. He put away twice as much wine as usual and it went to his head, so he stretched out on his bed for a nap.
    ----
    * consumir a uno un sentimiento de + Nombre = be consumed by + a feeling of + Nombre.
    * consumir energía = consume + energy, take up + energy.
    * consumir esfuerzo = take up + energy.
    * consumir poco a poco = eat away at.
    * consumir + Posesivo + tiempo = swallow up + Posesivo + time.
    * consumir rápidamente = devour.
    * que consume mucha energía = power-hungry.
    * que consume tiempo = time-consuming [time consuming].
    * ritual en el que se consumen alucinógenos = mushroom ritual.
    * sin consumir = nonconsumptive.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) (frml) <comida/bebida> to eat/drink, consume (frml)

    no vamos a consumir nada — we're not going to have anything to eat/drink

    consúmase en el día — eat o consume within one day

    consumen cantidades industriales de mermelada — (hum) they get through vast quantities of jam (colloq & hum)

    b) <gasolina/energía/producto> to consume, use; < tiempo> to take up
    c) < salud> to ruin
    2) (destruir, acabar con)
    a) fuego/llamas to consume
    c) envidia/celos

    la envidia/los celos la consumían — he was consumed by o with envy/jealousy

    3) ( exasperar) to exasperate
    2.
    consumirse v pron
    a) enfermo/anciano to waste away

    consumirse de algo: se consumía de pena — she was being consumed by grief

    b) vela/cigarrillo to burn down
    c) líquido to reduce
    * * *
    = consume, expend, eat up, swallow up, use up, put away.

    Ex: Her eyes were dry and her head bleary from spending all week totally consumed with work.

    Ex: Command of various techniques for forecasting payments and managing funds is necessary to expend fully without overspending the annual materials budget.
    Ex: The importance of staff atitude is emphasized because the outreach effort has little chance of success without commitment -- it eats up time, energy, enthusiasm and imagination at a rapid rate.
    Ex: The growing complexity of computing environments requires creative solutions to prevent the gain in productivity promised by computing advances from being swallowed up by the necessity of moving information from one environment to another.
    Ex: Plug-in programs have grown widely, they add functionality to a WWW browser but also use up drive storage space or conflict with other types of programs.
    Ex: He put away twice as much wine as usual and it went to his head, so he stretched out on his bed for a nap.
    * consumir a uno un sentimiento de + Nombre = be consumed by + a feeling of + Nombre.
    * consumir energía = consume + energy, take up + energy.
    * consumir esfuerzo = take up + energy.
    * consumir poco a poco = eat away at.
    * consumir + Posesivo + tiempo = swallow up + Posesivo + time.
    * consumir rápidamente = devour.
    * que consume mucha energía = power-hungry.
    * que consume tiempo = time-consuming [time consuming].
    * ritual en el que se consumen alucinógenos = mushroom ritual.
    * sin consumir = nonconsumptive.

    * * *
    consumir [I1 ]
    vt
    A
    1 ( frml); ‹comida/bebida› to consume ( frml)
    si no van a consumir nada no pueden ocupar la mesa if you're not going to have anything to eat/drink, you can't sit at a table
    consuma productos nacionales buy home-produced goods
    estos niños consumen cantidades industriales de mermelada ( hum); these children get through vast quantities of jam ( colloq hum)
    una vez abierto consúmase en el día once open, eat o consume within one day
    ¿cuánto vino se consumió en la recepción? how much wine was drunk at the reception?, how much wine did they get through at the reception? ( colloq)
    2 ‹gasolina/energía/producto› to consume, use; ‹tiempo› to take up
    este coche consume ocho litros a los 100 (kilómetros) this car does 100km on 8 liters of gasoline, ≈ this car does 35 miles to the gallon
    aquí consumimos grandes cantidades de papel we use o get through vast quantities of paper here
    estás consumiendo mi paciencia you're trying o taxing my patience, my patience is running out o wearing thin
    B (destruir, acabar con) «fuego/llamas» to consume; «incendio» to consume, destroy
    la terrible enfermedad que lo está consumiendo the terrible disease that is making him waste away
    la ambición la consume she is burning with ambition
    está consumido por los celos he's eaten up o consumed with jealousy
    1 «enfermo/anciano» to waste away consumirse DE algo:
    se consumía de celos he was consumed o eaten up with jealousy
    se consumía de pena she was being consumed by grief, she was pining away with grief
    consumirse EN algo:
    se consumía en deseos de volver a verla ( liter); he had a burning desire to see her again ( liter), he was consumed with desire to see her again ( liter)
    2 «vela/cigarrillo» to burn down
    3 «líquido» to reduce
    se deja hervir para que se consuma algo el líquido boil off o away some of the liquid, leave it on the boil to reduce the liquid o so that the liquid reduces
    4 (achicarse) to shrink
    * * *

     

    consumir ( conjugate consumir) verbo transitivo
    a) (frml) ‹comida/bebida› to eat/drink, consume (frml)

    b) ‹gasolina/energía/producto› to consume, use;

    ‹ tiempo› to take up
    c) ‹ salud› to ruin

    d) ( destruir) [fuego/llamas] to consume;

    [envidia/celos]:
    ◊ la envidia la consumía she was consumed by o with envy

    consumirse verbo pronominal
    a) [enfermo/anciano] to waste away;


    b) [vela/cigarrillo] to burn down


    consumir verbo transitivo to consume
    consumir antes de..., best before...
    ' consumir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abusar
    - agotar
    - reconcomer
    - consumido
    - gastar
    - tomar
    English:
    best
    - burn up
    - consume
    - eat into
    - eat up
    - swallow up
    - use
    - carry
    - drain
    - eat
    - swallow
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [producto] to consume;
    en casa consumimos mucho aceite de oliva we use a lot of olive oil at home;
    consumieron sus refrescos en el bar they had their drinks at the bar;
    está prohibido consumir bebidas alcohólicas en los campos de fútbol the consumption of alcohol is forbidden in football grounds;
    fue acusado de consumir drogas he was accused of taking drugs;
    consumir preferentemente antes de… [en envase] best before…
    2. [gastar] to use, to consume;
    esta estufa consume mucha electricidad this heater uses a lot of electricity;
    esta moto consume muy poco this motorbike uses very little Br petrol o US gas;
    mi coche consume 7 litros a los cien ≈ my car does 41 miles to the gallon
    3. [desgastar] to wear out;
    el rozamiento consume los neumáticos friction wears down the tyres
    4. [destruir] [sujeto: fuego] to destroy
    5. [destruir] [sujeto: enfermedad] to eat away at;
    el cáncer lo va consumiendo poco a poco he's gradually wasting away because of the cancer;
    los celos lo consumen he is eaten up by o consumed with jealousy;
    este calor me consume this heat is killing me o is too much for me
    ♦ vi
    to consume
    * * *
    v/t & v/i consume;
    consumir preferentemente antes de … COM best before …
    * * *
    : to consume
    * * *
    1. (usar) to consume / to use
    2. (comer, beber) to eat [pt. ate; pp. eaten] / to drink [pt. drank; pp. drunk]
    3. (destruir) to destroy

    Spanish-English dictionary > consumir

  • 2 untergraben

    to undermine
    * * *
    un|ter|gra|ben [ʊntɐ'graːbn] ptp untergraben
    vt insep irreg
    (= zerstören) to undermine
    * * *
    1) (to overthrow or ruin completely (eg a person's morals, loyalty, arguments, a government).) subvert
    2) (to make (eg a building) insecure by digging away or destroying the base or foundations: The road was being undermined by a stream.) undermine
    * * *
    un·ter·gra·ben *1
    [ʊntɐˈgra:bn̩]
    ▪ etw \untergraben to undermine sth
    un·ter|gra·ben2
    [ˈʊntɐgra:bn̩]
    ▪ etw \untergraben to dig sth into the soil
    * * *
    I
    unregelmäßiges transitives Verb undermine (fig.)
    II
    unregelmäßiges transitives Verb dig in
    * * *
    unter'graben v/t (irr, untrennb, hat)
    1. undermine, hollow out
    2. fig (Gesundheit, Stellung etc) undermine; (Vertrauen etc) auch erode
    'untergraben v/t (irr, trennb, hat) (Dünger etc) dig in
    * * *
    I
    unregelmäßiges transitives Verb undermine (fig.)
    II
    unregelmäßiges transitives Verb dig in
    * * *
    adj.
    undermined adj. v.
    to undermine v.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > untergraben

  • 3 censura

    f.
    1 censorship.
    2 censors (organismo).
    3 censure, severe criticism.
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: censurar.
    * * *
    1 censorship
    2 (crítica) censure, criticism, condemnation
    \
    censura de cuentas audit, auditing
    * * *
    noun f.
    2) censure, criticism
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=supresión) censorship
    2) (=institución) censors pl
    3) (=condena) censure frm, criticism
    moción 1), voto 1)
    4) (Com, Econ)
    * * *
    a) ( reprobación) censure (frml), condemnation
    b) (de libros, películas) censorship
    * * *
    = censorship, censure, reproach, stricture, rebuke, reproof, castigation, bleep, reproval.
    Ex. Having failed to make that note, there was no further justification for several possible subject tracings like censorship -- UNITED STATES-CASE STUDIES, SECURITY CLASSIFICATION -- UNITED STATES-CASE STUDIES, and so on.
    Ex. The author also outlines a system for microfilming and destroying documents to escape judicial censure.
    Ex. A standing reproach to all librarians is the non-user.
    Ex. The article is entitled 'Political and administrative strictures on the National Libraries Authority proposal'.
    Ex. In a stinging rebuke to the American Library Association, Nat Hentoff has criticized the ALA for failing to take action to defend volunteer librarians in Cuba who are being subjected to a brutal crackdown.
    Ex. Reproof should have a debilitating effect upon performance while praise should result in a somewhat higher increase in performance.
    Ex. This unremitting castigation of the Nazi masks both the historical complicity of the United States with Nazi crimes and our own racist and genocidal histories.
    Ex. They wish to have all bleeps declared illegal on publicly airwaves.
    Ex. He received a two-year suspension for violating the conditions of a public reproval and being convicted of two drunk driving.
    ----
    * censuras a los materiales = challenges to materials.
    * expurgado por censura = bowdlerized.
    * expurgo por censura = bowdlerization.
    * libre de censura = uncensored.
    * moción de censura = censure motion, vote of no confidence.
    * voto de censura = vote of no confidence.
    * * *
    a) ( reprobación) censure (frml), condemnation
    b) (de libros, películas) censorship
    * * *
    = censorship, censure, reproach, stricture, rebuke, reproof, castigation, bleep, reproval.

    Ex: Having failed to make that note, there was no further justification for several possible subject tracings like censorship -- UNITED STATES-CASE STUDIES, SECURITY CLASSIFICATION -- UNITED STATES-CASE STUDIES, and so on.

    Ex: The author also outlines a system for microfilming and destroying documents to escape judicial censure.
    Ex: A standing reproach to all librarians is the non-user.
    Ex: The article is entitled 'Political and administrative strictures on the National Libraries Authority proposal'.
    Ex: In a stinging rebuke to the American Library Association, Nat Hentoff has criticized the ALA for failing to take action to defend volunteer librarians in Cuba who are being subjected to a brutal crackdown.
    Ex: Reproof should have a debilitating effect upon performance while praise should result in a somewhat higher increase in performance.
    Ex: This unremitting castigation of the Nazi masks both the historical complicity of the United States with Nazi crimes and our own racist and genocidal histories.
    Ex: They wish to have all bleeps declared illegal on publicly airwaves.
    Ex: He received a two-year suspension for violating the conditions of a public reproval and being convicted of two drunk driving.
    * censuras a los materiales = challenges to materials.
    * expurgado por censura = bowdlerized.
    * expurgo por censura = bowdlerization.
    * libre de censura = uncensored.
    * moción de censura = censure motion, vote of no confidence.
    * voto de censura = vote of no confidence.

    * * *
    1 (reprobación) censure ( frml), condemnation, criticism
    su comportamiento fue objeto de censura por parte de la prensa his behavior was criticized o condemned by the press, his behavior received criticism o condemnation in the press
    2 (de libros, películas) censorship
    * * *

    Del verbo censurar: ( conjugate censurar)

    censura es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

    2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    censura    
    censurar
    censura sustantivo femenino

    b) (de libros, películas) censorship

    censurar ( conjugate censurar) verbo transitivo

    b) ‹libro/película› to censor, ‹escena/párrafo› to cut, censor

    censura sustantivo femenino
    1 censorship
    2 Pol moción de censura, vote of no confidence
    censurar verbo transitivo
    1 (libro, película) to censor: algunas escenas de la obra fueron censuradas, some scenes from the play werer cut
    2 (criticar, reprobar) to censure, criticize: censuramos su modo de tratar a los alumnos, we disapprove of the way he treats his students
    ' censura' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    crítica
    - moción
    - voto
    English:
    blackout
    - censorship
    - censure
    - news blackout
    - vote
    - censor
    * * *
    1. [prohibición] censorship
    2.
    la censura [organismo] the censors
    3. [reprobación] censure, severe criticism;
    decir algo en tono de censura to say something censoriously o in a tone of censure
    4. Esp Econ censura de cuentas inspection of accounts, audit
    * * *
    f censorship
    * * *
    1) : censorship
    2) : censure, criticism

    Spanish-English dictionary > censura

  • 4 comisaría

    cond.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) Conditional Indicative of Spanish verb: comisar.
    f.
    1 police station, cop shop, station house, nick.
    2 commissionership.
    * * *
    1 commissariat
    2 (de policía) police station
    * * *
    f., (m. - comisario)
    * * *
    SF
    1) [de policía] police station, precinct (EEUU)
    2) (Mil) administrative office; (Náut) purser's office
    * * *
    1) ( edificio) tb
    2) (Gob) ( en Col) province
    * * *
    Ex. The main canal emptying the paddy fields inland had served as the conduit for waves entering and destroying entirely the buildings beside it including the police station.
    * * *
    1) ( edificio) tb
    2) (Gob) ( en Col) province
    * * *

    Ex: The main canal emptying the paddy fields inland had served as the conduit for waves entering and destroying entirely the buildings beside it including the police station.

    * * *
    comisaría de policía police station, station, precinct ( AmE)
    B ( Gob) (en Col) province
    * * *

    Multiple Entries:
    comisaria    
    comisaría
    comisaría sustantivo femenino ( edificio) tb

    comisario,-a sustantivo masculino y femenino
    1 (de policía) police inspector
    2 (delegado) commissioner
    comisaría sustantivo femenino police station

    ' comisaría' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    calabozo
    - denuncia
    - retener
    - transcurso
    - delegación
    English:
    police station
    - station
    - hold
    - police
    - precinct
    * * *
    comisaría (de policía) police station, US precinct, station house;
    pasó la noche en comisaría he spent the night in the police station
    * * *
    f precinct (house), Br
    police station
    * * *
    : police station
    * * *
    comisaría n police station

    Spanish-English dictionary > comisaría

  • 5 retazo

    m.
    1 remnant.
    2 remnant of cloth, left-over piece, remnant, remnant of clothes.
    3 offal, giblets.
    4 bargain.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: retazar.
    * * *
    1 (retal) remnant, scrap
    2 (fragmento) fragment, piece
    * * *
    noun m.
    2) excerpt, fragment
    * * *
    SM
    1) (Cos) remnant, bit, piece
    pl retazos snippets, bits and pieces
    2) Caribe bargain
    * * *
    masculino ( de tela) remnant; (de texto, obra) snippet
    * * *
    = remnant, snippet, scrap.
    Ex. What survived was a tiny remnant, sometimes, to judge from the binding, a relic of earlier antiquarianism.
    Ex. Automation in libraries can only provide snippets of information, not knowledge.
    Ex. The demand for the old faces came to an abrupt end and the founders withdrew them from sale, some even destroying the old punches and matrices as so much scrap.
    ----
    * retazo de = scrap of.
    * retazos = odds and ends, shavings, bits and pieces, bits and bobs.
    * * *
    masculino ( de tela) remnant; (de texto, obra) snippet
    * * *
    = remnant, snippet, scrap.

    Ex: What survived was a tiny remnant, sometimes, to judge from the binding, a relic of earlier antiquarianism.

    Ex: Automation in libraries can only provide snippets of information, not knowledge.
    Ex: The demand for the old faces came to an abrupt end and the founders withdrew them from sale, some even destroying the old punches and matrices as so much scrap.
    * retazo de = scrap of.
    * retazos = odds and ends, shavings, bits and pieces, bits and bobs.

    * * *
    1 (de tela) remnant
    2 (de un texto, una obra) snippet
    retazos de varias obras snippets o bits and pieces of several works
    3 ( Méx) ( Coc) offal
    * * *

    retazo sustantivo masculino
    1 (de tela) remnant
    2 (de información, etc) snippet
    ' retazo' also found in these entries:
    English:
    remnant
    * * *
    retazo nm
    1. [resto] remnant
    2. [pedazo] fragment;
    una conferencia hecha de retazos a speech patched together from bits and pieces of other speeches
    * * *
    m fig
    snippet, fragment
    * * *
    retazo nm
    1) : remnant, scrap
    2) : fragment, piece
    retazos de su obra: bits and pieces from his writings

    Spanish-English dictionary > retazo

  • 6 λοιγός

    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: `ruin, havoc, death' (Il.).
    Compounds: As 2. member in βροτο-λοιγός `destroying men' (of Ares; Il.), also in ἀθηρη-λοιγός "consumer of chaff" (?), `winnowing-fan' (Od.).
    Derivatives: λοίγιος `destroying, bringing disaster' (Il.), also λοιγήεις, - ής `id.' (Nic.; poet. transformations, cf. Schwyzer 527: 2 and 513: β); λοιγίστρια ὀλοθρεύτρια H.
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [667] * leig- `illness'
    Etymology: Prop. agent noun "the destroyer" (cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 307) of a primary verb preserved in Lith. líegti `be very ill, be ailing' (IE * leig-), to which belongs also the zero grade nom. actionis ligà, Latv. liga `illness, plague'; further perh. Alb. lig `bad, meagre' and (with IE *k) OIr. līach `miserable, unhappy'. (Not here ὀλίγος `slight, small' and Arm. aɫk`-at `poor'. - WP. 2, 398, Pok. 667, Fraenkel Wb. s. ligà. Uncertain combinations in Krogmann IF 53, 44ff., Jegers Balt. Etymologien (Comment. Balt. IV--V: 3, Bonn 1958) 20ff., Specht Ursprung 125, 218, 226.
    Page in Frisk: 2,134

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λοιγός

  • 7 destruir

    v.
    to destroy.
    El temblor destruyó la pared The quake destroyed the wall.
    Sus trucos destruyeron a María His tricks destroyed Mary.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ HUIR], like link=huir huir
    1 to destroy
    2 figurado to destroy, ruin, wreck
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) [+ objeto, edificio] to destroy
    2) (=estropear) [+ amistad, matrimonio, armonía] to wreck, destroy; [+ argumento, teoría] to demolish; [+ esperanza] to dash, shatter; [+ proyecto, plan] to wreck, ruin
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    verbo transitivo
    a) <documentos/pruebas> to destroy; < ciudad> to destroy; < medio ambiente> to damage
    b) ( echar por tierra) < reputación> to ruin; < plan> to wreck; < esperanzas> to dash, shatter

    le destruyó la vida — it/he wrecked o destroyed his/her life

    * * *
    = demolish, destroy, knock out, scupper, wipe out, trash, pull apart, sweep away, knock down, rack [wrack], wreak + destruction, destruct, shred, wreck, decimate, lay + waste to, wash out, run down, break down, blow up, rubbish, stomp + Nombre + out, smash.
    Ex. Having just demolished enumerative classification to some extent in the previous section, it is reasonable to ask how effective menu-based information retrieval systems might be.
    Ex. I am frequently taken to task as someone who would try to destroy the integrity of certain catalogs on the West Coast.
    Ex. Two years ago Hurricane Hugo nearly knocked out Charleston.
    Ex. This arrangement could definitely help solve the librarian's problems, unless unexpected events scupper it.
    Ex. Strong economic forces, inflation and an over-strong pound wiped out any noticeable benefits of EEC membership to industry.
    Ex. At the same time, the author takes issue with the view that the great libraries of America are being ' trashed' by the rush towards technology.
    Ex. If solutions are not found to meet this challenge, users' hunger for multimedia could pull the Internet apart.
    Ex. Librarians should ensure that the principles they stand for are not swept away on a tide of technological jingoism.
    Ex. Your note attempts to knock down an assertion not made.
    Ex. Both countries that have been wracked for the last ten years by violent civil wars.
    Ex. The author laments the demise of the paper card catalogue as a 'paroxysm of shortsightedness and antiintellectualism' on the part of over zealous librarians, wreaking destruction in a class with the burning of the library at Alexandria.
    Ex. That means that the abstractions of scientific knowledge reduce the reality and even destruct it.
    Ex. If they do muster up the courage to participate, they have learned what it is like to lose: they describe it as being 'slaughtered,' 'blown away,' or ' shredded'.
    Ex. They had made a secret deal with Otto Reich to wreck Cuba's economy.
    Ex. Insect pests decimate a significant proportion of the world's food supply and transmit a number of deadly human diseases.
    Ex. The mutilation of periodicals is laying waste to vital and expensive periodical collections in all kinds of library across the USA, and it seems to strike academic libraries with particular virulence.
    Ex. Some sections of road washed out by flood waters.
    Ex. It really is time we stopped kow-towing to every Tom, Dick and Harry who runs down our industry.
    Ex. It describes our experience in combatting mould which grew as a result of high humidity and temperatures when the air conditioning system broke down for several days after several days of rain.
    Ex. The article 'The library has blown up!' relates the short circuit in the main electrical circuit board of Porstmouth Public Library caused by electricians who were carrying out routine work.
    Ex. The theory of Scandinavian racial purity cherished by Hitler and the Nazis has been rubbished by new scientific research.
    Ex. Like I said, no wonder racism won't die, it takes BOTH sides to stomp it out, not just one!.
    Ex. The library was badly vandalised and the intruders overturned 10 large bookcases, tore paintings down, emptied catalogues, and smashed intercoms, chairs, tables and windows.
    ----
    * chocar destruyendo = smash into.
    * destruir completamente = blow + Nombre + to bits.
    * destruir la esperanza = shatter + Posesivo + hopes.
    * destruir un mito = explode + myth.
    * fuego + destruir = fire + destroy.
    * fuego + destruir por completo = fire + gut.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo
    a) <documentos/pruebas> to destroy; < ciudad> to destroy; < medio ambiente> to damage
    b) ( echar por tierra) < reputación> to ruin; < plan> to wreck; < esperanzas> to dash, shatter

    le destruyó la vida — it/he wrecked o destroyed his/her life

    * * *
    = demolish, destroy, knock out, scupper, wipe out, trash, pull apart, sweep away, knock down, rack [wrack], wreak + destruction, destruct, shred, wreck, decimate, lay + waste to, wash out, run down, break down, blow up, rubbish, stomp + Nombre + out, smash.

    Ex: Having just demolished enumerative classification to some extent in the previous section, it is reasonable to ask how effective menu-based information retrieval systems might be.

    Ex: I am frequently taken to task as someone who would try to destroy the integrity of certain catalogs on the West Coast.
    Ex: Two years ago Hurricane Hugo nearly knocked out Charleston.
    Ex: This arrangement could definitely help solve the librarian's problems, unless unexpected events scupper it.
    Ex: Strong economic forces, inflation and an over-strong pound wiped out any noticeable benefits of EEC membership to industry.
    Ex: At the same time, the author takes issue with the view that the great libraries of America are being ' trashed' by the rush towards technology.
    Ex: If solutions are not found to meet this challenge, users' hunger for multimedia could pull the Internet apart.
    Ex: Librarians should ensure that the principles they stand for are not swept away on a tide of technological jingoism.
    Ex: Your note attempts to knock down an assertion not made.
    Ex: Both countries that have been wracked for the last ten years by violent civil wars.
    Ex: The author laments the demise of the paper card catalogue as a 'paroxysm of shortsightedness and antiintellectualism' on the part of over zealous librarians, wreaking destruction in a class with the burning of the library at Alexandria.
    Ex: That means that the abstractions of scientific knowledge reduce the reality and even destruct it.
    Ex: If they do muster up the courage to participate, they have learned what it is like to lose: they describe it as being 'slaughtered,' 'blown away,' or ' shredded'.
    Ex: They had made a secret deal with Otto Reich to wreck Cuba's economy.
    Ex: Insect pests decimate a significant proportion of the world's food supply and transmit a number of deadly human diseases.
    Ex: The mutilation of periodicals is laying waste to vital and expensive periodical collections in all kinds of library across the USA, and it seems to strike academic libraries with particular virulence.
    Ex: Some sections of road washed out by flood waters.
    Ex: It really is time we stopped kow-towing to every Tom, Dick and Harry who runs down our industry.
    Ex: It describes our experience in combatting mould which grew as a result of high humidity and temperatures when the air conditioning system broke down for several days after several days of rain.
    Ex: The article 'The library has blown up!' relates the short circuit in the main electrical circuit board of Porstmouth Public Library caused by electricians who were carrying out routine work.
    Ex: The theory of Scandinavian racial purity cherished by Hitler and the Nazis has been rubbished by new scientific research.
    Ex: Like I said, no wonder racism won't die, it takes BOTH sides to stomp it out, not just one!.
    Ex: The library was badly vandalised and the intruders overturned 10 large bookcases, tore paintings down, emptied catalogues, and smashed intercoms, chairs, tables and windows.
    * chocar destruyendo = smash into.
    * destruir completamente = blow + Nombre + to bits.
    * destruir la esperanza = shatter + Posesivo + hopes.
    * destruir un mito = explode + myth.
    * fuego + destruir = fire + destroy.
    * fuego + destruir por completo = fire + gut.

    * * *
    vt
    1 ‹documentos/pruebas› to destroy; ‹ciudad› to destroy
    productos que destruyen el medio ambiente products that damage the environment
    2 (echar por tierra) ‹reputación› to ruin; ‹plan› to ruin, wreck; ‹esperanzas› to dash, shatter
    los problemas económicos destruyeron su matrimonio financial problems wrecked o ruined their marriage
    la droga está destruyendo muchas vidas drugs are wrecking o ruining o destroying the lives of many people
    * * *

     

    destruir ( conjugate destruir) verbo transitivo
    a) ‹documentos/pruebas› to destroy;

    ‹ ciudad› to destroy;
    ‹ medio ambiente› to damage

    ‹ plan› to wreck;
    ‹ esperanzas› to dash, shatter
    destruir verbo transitivo to destroy
    ' destruir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acabar
    - barrer
    - dinamitar
    - minar
    - socavar
    - anular
    - consumir
    - liquidar
    English:
    destroy
    - flatten
    - gut
    - nuke
    - obliterate
    - shatter
    - zap
    - explode
    - ruin
    - shred
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [destrozar] to destroy
    2. [desbaratar] [argumento] to demolish;
    [proyecto] to ruin, to wreck; [ilusión, esperanzas] to dash; [reputación] to ruin; [matrimonio, relación] to wreck; [pareja] to break up
    3. [hacienda, fortuna] to squander
    * * *
    v/t
    1 destroy
    2 ( estropear) ruin, wreck
    * * *
    destruir {41} vt
    : to destroy
    * * *
    destruir vb to destroy

    Spanish-English dictionary > destruir

  • 8 AF

    of
    * * *
    prep. w. dat.
    I. Of place:
    1) off, from;
    G. hljóp af hesti sínum, G. jumped off his horse;
    ganga af mótinu, to go away from the meeting;
    Flosi kastaði af sér skikkjunni, threw off his cloak;
    Gizzur gekk af útsuðri at gerðinu, from the south-west;
    hann hafði leyst af sér skúa sína, he had taken off his shoes;
    Steinarr vildi slíta hann af sér, throw him off;
    tók Gísli þá af sér vápnin, took off his arms;
    bréf af Magnúsi konungi, a letter from king Magnus;
    hverr af öðrum, one after another, in succession;
    vil ek þú vinnir af þér skuldina, work off the debt;
    muntu enga sætt af mér fá, no peace at my hand;
    rísa af dauða, to rise from the dead;
    vakna af draumi, to awaken from a dream;
    lúka upp af hrossi, to open a gate from off a horse;
    vindr stóð af landi, the wind blew from the land;
    2) out of;
    verða tekinn af heimi, to be taken out of the world;
    gruflar hón af læknum, she scrambles out of the brook;
    Otradalr var mjök af vegi, far out of the way.
    Connected with út; föstudaginn fór út herrinn af borginni, marched out of the town.
    II. Of time; past, beyond:
    af ómagaaldri, able to support oneself, of age;
    ek em nú af léttasta skeiði, no longer in the prime of life;
    þá er sjau vikur eru af sumri, when seven weeks of summer are past;
    var mikit af nótt, much of the night was past.
    III. In various other relations:
    1) þiggja lið af e-m, to receive help from one;
    hafa umboð af e-m, to be another’s deputy;
    vera góðs (ills) maklegr af e-m, to deserve good (bad) of one;
    féll þar lið mart af Eyvindi, many of Eyvind’s men fell there;
    þá eru þeir útlagir ok af goðorði sínu, have forfeited their goðorð;
    þá skalt þú af allri fjárheimtunni, forfeit all the claim;
    ek skal stefna þér af konunni, summon thee to give up;
    2) off, of;
    höggva fót, hönd, af e-m, to cut off one’s foot, hand;
    vil ek, at þú takir slíkt sem þér líkar af varningi, whatever you like of the stores;
    þar lá forkr einn ok brotit af endanum, with the point broken off;
    absol., beit hann höndina af, bit the hand off;
    fauk af höfuðit, the head flew off;
    3) of, among;
    hinn efniligasti maðr af ungum mönnum, the most promising of the young men;
    4) with;
    hláða, (ferma) skip af e-u, to load (freight) a ship with;
    fylla heiminn af sínu kyni, to fill the world with his offspring;
    5) of (= ór which is more frequent);
    húsit var gert af timbr stokkum, was built of trunks of trees;
    6) fig., eigi vita menn hvat af honum er orðit, what has become of him;
    hvat hefir þú gert af Gunnari, what hast thou done with Gunnar?;
    7) denoting parentage, descent, origin;
    ok eru af þeim komnir Gilsbekkingar, are descended from them;
    kominn af Trójumönnum, descended from the Trojans;
    8) by, of (after passive);
    ek em sendr hingat af Starkaði, sent hither by;
    ástsæll af landsmónnum, beloved of;
    9) on account of, by reason of, by;
    úbygðr at frosti ok kulda, because of frost and cold;
    ómáli af áverkum, speechless from wounds;
    af ástæld hans, by his popularity;
    af því, therefore;
    af hví, wherefor why;
    af því at, because;
    10) by means of, by;
    framfœra e-n af verkum sínum, by means of his own labour;
    af sínu fé, by one’s own means;
    absol., hann fekk af hina mestu sœmd, derived great honour from it;
    11) with adjectives, in regard to;
    mildr af fé, liberal of money;
    góðr af griðum, merciful;
    12) used absol. with a verb, off away;
    hann bað hann þá róa af fjörðinn, to row the firth off;
    ok er þeir höfðu af fjörðung, when they had covered one forth of the way;
    sofa af nóttina, to sleep the night away.
    * * *
    prep. often used elliptically by dropping the case, or even merely adverbially, [Ulf. af; A. S. and Engl. of, off; Hel. ab; Germ. ab; Gr. άπό; Lat. a, ab.] With dat. denoting a motion a loco; one of the three prepp. af, ór, frá, corresponding to those in loco—á, í, við, and ad locum—á, í, at. It in general corresponds to the prepp. in loco—á, or in locum— til, whilst ór answers more to í; but it also frequently corresponds to yfir, um or í. It ranges between ór and frá, generally denoting the idea from the surface of, while ór means from the inner part, and frá from the outer part or border. The motion from a hill, plain, open place is thus denoted by af; by ór that from an enclosed space, depth, cavity, thus af fjalli, but ór of a valley, dale; af Englandi, but ór Danmörk, as mörk implies the notion of a deep wood, forest. The wind blows af landi, but a ship sets sail frá landi; frá landi also means a distance from: af hendi, of a glove, ring; ór hendi, of whatever has been kept in the hand (correl. to á hendi and í hendi). On the other hand af is more general, whilst frá and ór are of a more special character; frá denoting a departure, ór an impulse or force; a member goes home af þingi, whereas ór may denote an inmate of a district, or convey the notion of secession or exclusion from, Eb. 105 new Ed.; the traveller goes af landi, the exile ór landi: taka e-t af e-m is to take a thing out of one’s hand, that of taka frá e-m to remove out of one’s sight, etc. In general af answers to Engl. of, off, ór to out of, and frá to from: the Lat. prepp. ab, de, and ex do not exactly correspond to the Icelandic, yet as a rule ór may answer to ex, af sometimes to ab, sometimes to de. Of, off, from among; with, by; on account of by means of, because of concerning, in respect of.
    A. Loc.
    I. With motion, off, from:
    1. prop. corresp. to á,
    α. konungr dró gullhring af hendi sér (but á hendi), Ld. 32; Höskuldr lætr bera farm af skipi, unload the ship (but bera farm á skip), id.; var tekit af hestum þeirra, they were unsaddled, Nj. 4; Gunnarr hafði farit heiman af bæ sínum, he was away from home, 82; Gunnarr hljóp af hesti sínum, jumped off his horse (but hl. á hest), 83; hlaupa, stökkva af baki, id., 112, 264 ; Gunnarr skýtr til hans af boganum, from the bow, where af has a slight notion of instrumentality, 96; flýja af fundinum, to fly from off the battle-field, 102; ríða af Þríhyrningshálsum, 206; út af Langaholti, Eg. 744 ; sunnan ór Danmörk ok af Saxlandi, 560; ganga af mótinu, to go from the meeting, Fms. vii. 130; af þeirra fundi reis María upp ok fór, 625. 85 ; Flosi kastaði af ser skikkjunni, threw his cloak off him (but kasta á sik),Nj. 176; taka Hrungnis fót af honum, of a load, burden, Edda 58; land þat er hann fiskði af, from which he set off to fish, Grág. i. 151, is irregular, frá would suit better; slíta af baki e-s, from off one’s back, ii. 9 ; bera af borði, to clear the table, Nj. 75.
    β. where it more nearly answers to í; þeir koma af hafi, of sailors coming in (but leggja í haf), Nj. 128 ; fara til Noregs af Orkneyjum (but í or til O.), 131; þeim Agli fórst vel ok komu af hafi i Borgarfjörð, Eg. 392 ; hann var útlagi ( outlawed) af Noregi, where ór would be more regular, 344; af Islandi, of a traveller, Fms. x. 3; búa her af báðum ríkjunum, to take a levy from, 51; hinir beztu bændr ór Norðlendingafjórðungi ok af Sunnlendingafjórðungi, the most eminent Southerners and Northerners, 113; Gizzurr gékk af útsuðri at gerðinu, from south-west, Sturl. ii. 219; prestar af hvárutveggja biskupsdæmi, from either diocess, Dipl. ii. 11; verða tekinn af heimi, to be taken out of the world, 623. 21; gruflar hon af læknum, scrambles out of the brook, Ísl. ii. 340; Egill kneyfði af horninu í einum drykk, drained off the horn at one draught, literally squeezed every drop out of it, Eg. 557; brottuaf herbúðunurn, Fms. x. 343.
    γ. of things more or less surrounding the subject, corresp. to yfir or um; láta þeir þegar af sér tjöldin, break off, take down the tents in preparing for battle, Eg. 261; kyrtillinn rifnaði af honum, his coat burst, caused by the swollen body, 602; hann hafði leyst af sér skúa sína, he untied his shoes (but binda á sik), 716; Steinarr vildi slíta hann af sér, throw him off, of one clinging to one’s body, 747; tók Gísli þá af sér vápnin, took off his arms, Fms. vii. 39. Of putting off clothes; fara af kápu, Nj. 143; far þú eigi af brynjunni, Bs. i. 541; þá ætlaði Sigurðr at fara af brynjunni, id.; þá var Skarphéðinn flettr af klæðunum, Nj. 209: now more usually fara or klæðum, fötum, exuere, to undress.
    δ. connected with út; föstudaginn for út herrinn af borginni, marched out of the town, Nj. 274; ganga út af kirkjunni, to go out of the church, now út úr, Fms. vii. 107: drekki hann af þeirri jörðunni, of something impregnated with the earth, Laekn. 402.
    ε. more closely corresponding to frá, being in such cases a Latinism (now frá); bréf af páfa, a pope’s bull, Fms. x. 6; rit af hánum, letter from him, 623. 52; bréf af Magnúsi konungi, a letter from king Magnus, Bs. i. 712; farið þér á brautu af mér í eilífan eld, Hom. 143; brott af drottins augliti, Stj. 43.
    ζ. denoting an uninterrupted continuity, in such phrases as land aflandi, from land to land, Eg. 343, Fas. ii. 539; skip af skipl. from ship to ship, Fms. v. 10; brann hvat af öðru, one after another, of an increasing fire, destroying everything, i. 128; brandr af brandi brenn, funi kveykist af funa, one from another, Hm. 56; hverr af öðrum, one after another, in succession, also hverr at öðrum, Eb. 272, 280 (where at in both passages).
    2. metaph., at ganga af e-m dauðum, to go from, leave one dead on the spot, of two combatants; en hann segiz bani hins ef hann gekk af dauðum manni, Grág. ii. 88, Hkr. 1. 327; undr þykir mér er bróðir þinn vildi eigi taka af þér starf þetta, would not take this toil from thee, Nj. 77; þegnar hans glöddust af honum, were fain of him, Fms. x. 380; at koma þeim manni af sér er settr var á fé hans, to get rid of, Ld. 52; vil ek þú vinriir af þér skuldina, work off the debt, Njarð. 366; reka af sér, to repel, Sturl. ii. 219; hann á þá sonu er aldri munu af oss ganga, who will never leave us, whom we shall never get rid of, Fas. i. 280; leysa e-n af e-u, to relieve, 64; taka e-n af lífi, to kill, Eg. 48, 416, Nj. 126; af lífdögum, Fms. vii. 204; ek mun ná lögum af því máli, get the benefit of the law in this case, Eg. 468; muntu enga sætt af mér fá, no peace at my hand, 414; rísa af dauða, to rise from death, Fms. ii. 142; guð bætti honum þó af þessi sótt, healed him of this sickness, ix. 390; vakna af sýn, draumi, svefni, to awaken from a vision, dream, sleep, 655 xxxii. I, Gísl. 24, Eb. 192, Fas. i. 41. Rather with the notion out of, in the phrase af sér etc., e. g. sýna e-t af scr, to shew, exhibit a disposition for or against, Ld. 18; gera mikit af sér, to shew great prowess, Ísl. ii. 368; éf þú gerir eigi meira af þér um aðra leika, unless you make more of thyself, Edda 32; Svipdagr hafði mikit af sér gert, fought bravely, Fas. i. 41; góðr (illr) af sér, good ( bad) of oneself, by nature; mikill af sjálfum sér, proud, bold, stout, Nj. 15; ágætastr maðr af sjálfum sér, the greatest hero, Bret.: góðr af ser, excellent, Hrafn. 7; but, on the contrary, af sér kominn, ruinous, in decay; this phrase is used of old houses or buildings, as in Bs. i. 488 = Sturl. l. c.; af sér kominn af mæði can also be said of a man fallen off from what he used to be; kominn af fotum fram, off his legs from age, Sturl. i. 223, Korm. 154 (in a verse).
    II. WITHOUT MOTION:
    1. denoting direction from, but at the same time continuous connection with an object from which an act or thing proceeds, from; tengja skip hvárt fram af stafni annars, to tie the ships in a line, stem to stern, Fms. i. 157, xi. 111; svá at þeir tóku út af borðum, jutted out of the boards, of rafters or poles, iv. 49; stjarna ok af sem skaft, of a comet, ix. 482; lúka upp af hrossi, to open a gate from off a horse, Grág. ii. 264; hon svarar af sínu sæti sem álpt af baru, Fás. i. 186; þar er sjá mátti utau af firði, af þjóðleið, that might be seen from the fareway on the sea when sailing in the firth, Hkr. ii. 64; þá mun hringt af (better at) Burakirkju, of bells rung at the church, Fms. xi. 160; gengr þar af Meðalfellsströnd, projects from, juts out, of a promontory, Ld. 10.
    2. denoting direction alone; upp af víkinni stóð borg mikil, a burg inland from the inlet, Eg. 161; lokrekkja innar af seti, a shut bed inward from the benches in the hall, Ísl. ii. 262; kapella upp af konungs herbergjum, upwards from, Fms. x. 153; vindr stóð af landi, the wind stood off the land, Bárð. 166.
    β. metaph., stauda af e-u, vide VI. 4.
    γ. ellipt., hallaði af norðr, of the channel, north of a spot, Boll. 348; also, austr af, suðr af, vestr af, etc.
    3. denoting absence; þingheyendr skulu eigi vera um nótt af þingi ( away from the meeting), eðr lengr, þá eru þeir af þingi ( away from (be meeting) ef þeir eru or ( out of) þingmarki, Grág. i. 25; vera um nótt af várþingi, 115; meðan hann er af landi héðan, abroad, 150.
    β. metaph., gud hvíldi af öllum verkum sínum á sjaunda degi, rested from his labours, Ver. 3.
    4. denoting distance; þat er komit af þjóðleið, out of the high road, remote, Eg. 369; af þjóðbraut, Grág. ii. 264, i. 15; Otradalr (a farm) var mjök af vegi, far out of the way, Háv. 53.
    B. TEMP, past, from, out of, beyond:
    1. of a person’s age, in the sense of having past a period of life; af ómaga aldri, of age, able to support oneself, Grág. i. 243; af aeskualdri, stricken in years, having past the prime of life, Eg. 202; lítið af barnsaldri, still a child, Ld. 74; ek em nú af léttasia skeiði, no longer in the prime of life, Háv. 40.
    2. of a part or period of time, past; eigi síðar en nótt er af þingi, a night of the session past, Grág. i. 101; þá er sjau vikur eru af sumri, seven weeks past of the summer, 182; tíu vikur af sumri, Íb. 10; var mikit af nótt, much of the night was past, Háv. 41; mikið af vetri, much of the winter was past, Fas. ii. 186; þriðjungr af nótt, a third of the night past, Fms. x. 160; stund af degi, etc.; tveir mánoðr af sumri, Gþl. 103.
    3. in adverbial phrases such as, af stundu, soon; af bragði, at once; af tómi, at leisure, at ease; af nýju, again; af skyndingu, speedily; af bráðungu, in a hurry, etc.
    C. In various other relations:
    I. denoting the passage or transition of an object, concrete or abstract, of, from.
    1. where a thing is received, derived from, conferred by a person or object; þiggja lið af e-m, to derive help from, Edda 26; taka traust af e-m, to receive support, comfort from, Fms. xi. 243; taka mála af e-m, to be in one’s pay, of a soldier, Eg. 266; halda land af e-m, to hold land of any one, 282; verða viss af e-m, to get information from, 57, Nj. 130; taka við sök af manni (a law term), to undertake a case, suit, Grág. i. 142; hafa umboð af e-m, to be another’s deputy, ii. 374; vera góðs (ills) maklegr af e-m, to deserve good (bad) of, Vd. 88 (old Ed., the new reads frá), Fs. 45; afla matar af eyjum, to derive supplies from, Eb. 12.
    2. where an object is taken by force:
    α. prop. out of a person’s hand; þú skalt hnykkja smíðit af honum, wrest it out of his hand, Nj. 32; cp. taka, þrífa, svipta e-u (e-t) af e-m, to wrest from.
    β. metaph. of a person’s deprival of anything in general; hann tók af þér konuna, carried thy wife off, Nj. 33; tók Gunnarr af þér sáðland þitt, robbed thee of seedland, 103; taka af honum tignina, to depose, degrade him, Eg. 271; vinna e-t af e-m, to carry off by force of arms, conquer, Fms. iii. 29; drepa menn af e-m, for one, slay one’s man, Eg. 417; fell þar lið mart af Eyvindi, many of Eyvind’s people fell there, 261.
    γ. in such phrases as, hyggja af e-u (v. afhuga), hugsa af e-u, to forget; hyggja af harmi; sjá af e-u, to lose, miss; var svá ástúðigt með þeim, at livargi þóttist mega af öðrum sjá, neither of them could take his eyes off the other, Sturl. i. 194; svá er mörg við ver sinn vær, at varla um sér hon af hoiuun nær, Skálda 163.
    3. denoting forfeiture; þá eru þeir útlagir, ok af goðorði sínu, have forfeited their priesthood, Grág. i. 24; telja hann af ráðunum fjár síns alls, to oust one, on account of idiocy or madness, 176; verða af kaupi, to be off the bargain, Edda 26; þá skalt þú af allri fjárheimtunni, forfeit all the claim, Nj. 15; ek skal stefna þér af konunni, summon thee to forfeit, a case of divorce, id.; ella er hann af rettarfari um hana, has forfeited the suit, Grág. i. 381.
    β. ellipt., af ferr eindagi ef, is forfeited, Grág. i. 140.
    II. denoting relation of a part to a whole, off, of, Lat. de; höggva hönd, höfuð, fót af e-um, to cut one’s hand, head, foot off, Nj. 97, 92, Bs. i. 674; höggva spjót af skapti, to sever the blade from the shaft, 264; hann lét þá ekki hafa af föðurarfi sínum, nothing of their patrimony, Eg. 25; vil ek at þú takir slíkt sem þér líkar af varningi, take what you like of the stores, Nj. 4; at þú eignist slíkt af fé okkru sem þú vili, 94.
    β. ellipt., en nú höfum vér kjörit, en þat er af krossinum, a slice of, Fms. vii. 89; Þórðr gaf Skólm frænda sínum af landnámi sínu, a part of, Landn. 211; hafði hann þat af hans eigu er hann vildi, Sturl. ii. 169; þar lá forkr einn ok brotið af endanum, the point broken off, Háv. 24, Sturl. i. 169.
    γ. absol. off; beit hann höndina af, þar sem nú heitir úlfliðr, bit the hand off, Edda 17; fauk af höfuðit, the head flew off, Nj. 97; jafnt er sem þér synist, af er fótrinn, the foot is off, id.; af bæði eyru, both ears off, Vm. 29.
    2. with the notion of—among; mestr skörungr af konum á Norðrlöndum, the greatest heroine in the North, Fms. i. 116; hinn efniligasti maðr af ungum mönnum í Austfjörðum, the most hopeful of youths in the Eastfirths, Njarð. 364; af ( among) öllurn hirðmönnuni virði konungr mest skáld sín, Eg. 27; ef hann vildi nokkura kaupa af þessum konum, Ld. 30; ör liggr þar útiá vegginum, ok er sú af þeirra örum, one of their own arrows, Nj. 115.
    β. from, among, belonging to; guð kaus hana af ollum konum sér til móður, of the Virgin Mary, Mar. A. i. 27.
    γ. metaph., kunna mikit (lítið) af e-u, to know much, little of, Bragi kann mest af skáldskap, is more cunning of poetry than any one else, Edda 17.
    δ. absol. out of, before, in preference to all others; Gunnarr bauð þér góð boð, en þú vildir eingi af taka, you would choose none of them, Nj. 77; ráða e-t af, to decide; þó mun faðir minn mestu af ráða, all depends upon him, Ld. 22; konungr kveðst því mundu heldr af trúa, preferred believing that of the two, Eg. 55; var honum ekki vildara af ván, he could expect nothing better, 364.
    3. with the additional sense of instrumentality, with; ferma skip af e-u, to freight a ship with, Eg. 364; hlaða mörg skip af korni, load many ships with corn, Fms. xi. 8; klyfja tvá hesta af mat, Nj. 74; var vágrinn skipaðr af herskipum, the bay was covered with war ships, 124; fylla ker af glóðum, fill it with embers, Stj. 319; fylla heiminn af sínu kyni, to fill the world with his offspring, Ver. 3.
    III. denoting the substance of which a thing is made, of; used indifferently with ór, though ór be more frequent; þeir gerðu af honum jörðina, af blóði hans sæinn ok vötnin, of the creation of the world from the corpse of the giant Ymir; the poem Gm. 40, 41, constantly uses ór in this sense, just as in modern Icelandic, Edda 5; svá skildu þeir, at allir hlutir væri smíðaðir af nokkru efni, 147 (pref.); húsit var gert af timbrstokkum, built of trunks of timber, Eg. 233; hjöhin vóru af gulli, of gold, golden, Fms. i. 17; af osti, of cheese, but in the verse 1. c. ór osti, Fms. vi. 253; línklæði af lérepti, linen, Sks. 287.
    2. metaph. in the phrases, göra e-t af e-n ( to dispose of), verða af ( become of), hvat hefir þú gört af Gunnari, what hast thou done with Gunnar? Njarð. 376; hvat af motrinuni er orðit, what has become of it? of a lost thing, Ld. 208; hverfr Óspakr á burt, svá eigi vita menn hvat af honum er orðit, what has become of him? Band. 5.
    IV. denoting parentage, descent, origin, domicile, abode:
    1. parentage, of, from, used indifferently with frá; ok eru af þeim komnir Gilsbekkingar, descend from them, but a little below—frá honum eru konmir Sturlungar, Eb. 338, cp. afkvæmi; af ætt Hörðakára, Fms. i. 287; kominn af Trojumönnum, xi. 416; af Ása-ætt (Kb. wrongly at), Edda I.
    β. metaph., vera af Guði (theol.), of God, = righteous, 686 B. 9; illr ávöxtr af íllri rót, Fms. ii. 48; Asia er kölluð af nafni nokkurar konu, derives her name from, Stj. 67; af honum er bragr kallaðr skáldskapr, called after his name, Edda 17.
    2. of domicile; af danskri tungu, of Danish or Scandinavian origin, speaking the Danish tongue, Grág. ii. 73; hvaðan af löndum, whence, native of what country? Ísl.
    β. especially denoting a man’s abode, and answering to á and í, the name of the farm (or country) being added to proper names, (as in Scotland,) to distinguish persons of the same name; Hallr af Síðu, Nj. 189; Erlingr af Straumey, 273; Ástríðr af Djúpárbakka, 39; Gunnarr af Hlíðarenda (more usual frá); þorir haklangr konungr af Ögðum, king of Agdir, Eg. 35, etc.; cp. ór and frá.
    V. denoting a person with whom an act, feeling, etc. originates, for the most part with a periphrastic passive:
    1. by, the Old Engl. of; as, ek em sendr hingað af Starkaði ok sonum hans, sent hither by, Nj. 94; inna e-t af hendi, to perform, 257; þó at alþýða væri skírð af kennimönnum, baptized of, Fms. ii. 158; meira virðr af mönnum, higher esteemed, Ld. 158; ástsæll af landsmönnum, beloved, íb. 16; vinsæll af mönnum, Nj. 102; í allgóðu yfirlæti af þeim feðgum, hospitably treated by them, Eg. 170; var þá nokkut drukkið af alþjóð, there was somewhat hard drinking of the people, Sturl. iii. 229; mun þat ekki upp tekið af þeim sükudólgum mínum, they will not clutch at that, Nj. 257; ef svá væri í hendr þér búit af mér, if í had so made everything ready to thy hands, Ld. 130; þá varð fárætt um af föður hans, his father said little about it, Fms. ii. 154.
    2. it is now also sometimes used as a periphrase of a nom., e. g. ritað, þýtt af e-m, written, translated, edited by, but such phrases scarcely occur in old writers.
    VI. denoting cause, ground, reason:
    1. originating from, on account of, by reason of; af frændsemis sökum, for kinship’s sake, Grág. ii. 72; ómáli af áverkum, speechless from wounds, 27; af manna völdum, by violence, not by natural accident, of a crime, Nj. 76; af fortölum Halls, through his pleading, 255; af ástsæld hans ok af tölum þeirra Sæmundar, by his popularity and the eloquence of S., Íb. 16; af ráðum Haralds konungs, by his contriving, Landn. 157; úbygðr af frosti ok kulda, because of frost and cold, Hkr. i. 5.
    β. adverbially, af því, therefore, Nj. 78; af hví, why? 686 B. 9; þá verðr bóndi heiðinn af barni sínu, viz. if he does not cause his child to be christened, K. Þ. K. 20.
    2. denoting instrumentality, by means of; af sinu fé, by one’s own means, Grág. i. 293; framfæra e-n af verkum sinum, by means of one’s own labour, K. Þ. K. 142; draga saman auð af sökum, ok vælum ok kaupum, make money by, 623. I; af sínum kostnaði, at hi s own expense, Hkr. i. 217.
    β. absol., hún fellir á mik dropa svá heita at ek brenn af öll, Ld. 328; hann fékk af hina mestu sæmd, derived great honotur from it, Nj. 88; elli sótti á hendr honum svá at hann lagðist í rekkju af, he grew bedridden from age, Ld. 54; komast undan af hlaupi, escape by running, Fms. viii. 58; spinna garn af rokki, spin off a wheel (now, spinna á rokk), from a notion of instrumentality, or because of the thread being spun out (?), Eb. 92.
    3. denoting proceeding, originating from; lýsti af höndum hennar, her hands spread beams of light, Edda 22; allir heimar lýstust ( were illuminated) af henni, id.; en er lýsti af degi, when the day broke forth, Fms. ii. 16; lítt var lýst af degi, the day was just beginning to break, Ld. 46; þá tók at myrkja af nótt, the ‘mirk-time’ of night began to set in, Eg. 230; tók þá brátt at myrkva af nótt, the night grew dark, Hkr. ii. 230.
    4. metaph., standa, leiða, hljótast af, to be caused by, result from; opt hlýtst íllt af kvenna hjali, great mischief is wrought by women’s gossip (a proverb), Gísl. 15, 98; at af þeim mundi mikit mein ok úhapp standa, be caused by, Edda 18; kenna kulda af ráðum e-s, to feel sore from, Eb. 42; þó mun her hljótast af margs manns bani, Nj, 90.
    5. in adverbial phrases, denoting state of mind; af mikilli æði, in fury, Nj. 116; af móð, in great emotion, Fms. xi. 221; af áhyggju, with concern, i. 186; af létta, frankly, iii. 91; af viti, collectedly, Grág. ii. 27; af heilu, sincerely, Eg. 46; áf fári, in rage; af æðru, timidly, Nj. (in a verse); af setning, composedly, in tune, Fms. iii. 187; af mikilli frægð, gallantly, Fas. i. 261; af öllu afli, with all might, Grág. ii. 41; af riki, violently, Fbr. (in a verse); af trúnaði, confidently, Grág. i. 400.
    VII. denoting regard to, of, concerning, in respect of, as regards:
    1. with verbs, denoting to tell of, be informed, inquire about, Lat. de; Dioscorides segir af grasi því, speaks of, 655 xxx. 5; er menn spurðu af landinu, inquired about it, Landn. 30; halda njósn af e-u, Nj. 104; er þat skjótast þar af at segja, Eg. 546, Band. 8.
    β. absol., hann mun spyrja, hvárt þér sé nokkut af kunnigt hversu for með okkr, whether you know anything about, how, Nj. 33; halda skóla af, to hold a school in a science, 656 A. i. 19 (sounds like a Latinism); en ek gerða þik sera mestan mann af öllu, in respect of all, that you should get all the honour of it, Nj. 78.
    2. with adjectives such as mildr, illr, góðrafe-u, denoting disposition or character in respect to; alira manna mildastr af fo, very liberal, often-banded, Fms. vii. 197; mildr af gulli, i. 33; góðr af griðum, merciful, Al. 33; íllr af mat en mildr af gulli, Fms. i. 53; fastr af drykk, close, stingy in regard to, Sturl. ii. 125; gat þess Hildigunnr at þú mundir góðr af hestinum, that you would be good about the horse, Nj. 90, cp. auðigr at, v. at, which corresponds to the above phrases; cp. also the phrase af sér above, p. 4, col. I, ll. 50 sqq.
    VIII. periphrasis of a genitive (rare); provincialis af öllum Predikaraklaustrum, Fms. x. 76; vera af hinum mesta fjandskap, to breathe deep hatred to, be on bad terms with, ix. 220; af hendi, af hálfu e-s, on one’s behalf, v. those words.
    IX. in adverbial phrases; as, af launungu, secretly; af hljóði, silently; v. those words.
    β. also used absolutely with a verb, almost adverbially, nearly in the signification off, away; hann bað þá róa af fjörðinn, pass the firth swiftly by rowing, row the firth off, Fms. ix. 502; var pá af farit þat seni skerjóttast var, was past, sailed past, Ld. 142; ok er þeir höfðu af fjórðung, past one fourth of the way, Dropl. 10: skína af, to clear up, of the skv, Eb. 152; hence in common language, skína af sér, when the sun breaks forth: sofa af nóttina, to sleep it away, Fms. ii. 98; leið af nóttin, the night past away, Nj. 53; dvelja af stundir, to kill the time, Band. 8; drepa af, to kill; láta af, to slaughter, kill off;
    γ. in exclamations; af tjöldin, off with the awnings, Bs. i. 420, Fins, ix. 49.
    δ. in the phrases, þar af, thence; hér af, hence, Fms. ii. 102; af fram, straight on, Nj. 144; now, á fram, on, advance.
    X. it often refers to a whole sentence or to an adverb, not only like other prepp. to hér, hvar, þar, but also redundantly to hvaðan, héðan, þaðan, whence, hence, thence.
    2. the preposition may sometimes be repeated, once elliptically or adverbially, and once properly, e. g. en er af var borit at borðinu, the cloth was taken off from the table, Nj. 176; Guð þerrir af (off, away) hvert tár af ( from) augum heilagra manna, God wipes off every tear from the eyes of his saints, 655 xx. vii. 17; skal þó fyrst bætr af lúka af fé vegaiula, pay off, from, Gþl. 160, the last af may be omitted—var þá af borið borðinu—and the prep. thus be separated from its case, or it may refer to some of the indecl. relatives er or sem, the prep. hvar, hér, þar being placed behind them without a case, and referring to the preceding relative, e. g. oss er þar mikit af sagt auð þeim, we have been told much about these riches, Band. 24; er þat skjótast þar af at segja, in short, shortly. Eg. 546; þaðan af veit ek, thence í infer, know, Fms. i. 97.
    XI. it is moreover connected with a great many verbs besides those mentioned above, e. g. bera af, to excel, whence afbragð, afbrigði; draga af, to detract, deduct, hence afdráttr; veita ekki af, to be hard with; ganga at, to be left, hence afgangr; standast af um e-t, to stand, how matters stand; sem af tekr, at a furious rate; vita af, to be conscious, know about (vide VII).
    D. As a prefix to compounds distinction is to be made between:
    I. af privativum, denoting diminution, want, deduction, loss, separation, negation of, etc., answering indifferently to Lat. ab-, de-, ex-, dis-, and rarely to re- and se-, v. the following COMPDS, such as segja, dicere, but afsegja, negare; rækja, colere, but afrækja, negligere; aflaga, contra legem; skapligr, normalis, afskapligr, deformis; afvik, recessus; afhús, afhellir, afdalr, etc.
    II. af intensivum, etymologically different, and akin to of, afr-, e. g. afdrykkja = ofdrykkja, inebrietas; afbrýði, jealously; afbendi, tenesmus; afglapi, vir fatuus, etc. etc. Both the privative and the intensive af may be contracted into á, esp. before a labial f, m, v, e. g. á fram = af fram; ábrýði = afbrýði; ávöxtr = afvöxtr; áburðr = afburðr; ávíta = afvíta (?). In some cases dubious. With extenuated and changed vowel; auvirðiligr or övirðiligr, depreciated, = afv- etc., v. those words.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AF

  • 9 साधन _sādhana

    साधन a. (
    -नी f.) [साध् णिच् ल्यु ल्युट् वा]
    1 Accompli- shing, effecting &c.
    -2 Procuring.
    -3 Conjuring up (a spirit).
    -4 Denoting, expresssive of.
    -नम् 1 Accom- plishing, effecting, performing, as in स्वार्थसाधनम्.
    -2 Fulfilment, accomplishment, complete attiainment of an object; प्रजार्थसाधने तौ हि पर्यायोद्यतकार्मुकौ R.4.16.
    -3 A means, an expedient, a means of accomplishing any- thing; असाधना अपि प्राज्ञा बुद्धिमन्तो बहुश्रुताः । साधयन्त्याशु कार्याणि Pt.2.1; शरीरमाद्यं खलु धर्मसाधनम् Ku.5.33,52; R.1.19; 4.36,62.
    -4 An instrument, agent; कुठारः छिदिक्रिया- साधनम्
    -5 The efficient cause, source, cause in general.
    -6 The instrumental case.
    -7 Implement, apparatus.
    -8 Appliance, materials.
    -9 Matter, ingredients, substance.
    -1 An army or a part thereof; व्यावृत्तं च विपक्षतो भवति यत्तत्साधनं सिद्धये Mu.5.1.
    -11 Aid, help, assistance (in general).
    -12 Proof, substantiation, demonstration.
    -13 The hetu or middle term in a syllo- gism, reason, that which leads to a conclusion; साध्ये निश्चितमन्वयेन घटितं बिभ्रत् सपक्षे स्थितिं । व्यावृत्तं च विपक्षतो भवति यत्तत् साधनं सिद्धये ॥ Mu.5.1.
    -14 Subduing, overcoming.
    -15 Subduing by charms.
    -16 Accomplishing anything by charms or magic.
    -17 Healing, curing.
    -18 Killing, destroying; फलं च तस्य प्रतिसाधनम् Ki.14.17.
    -19 Conci- liating, propitiating, winning over.
    -2 Going out, setting forward, departure.
    -21 Going after, following.
    -22 Penance, self-mortification.
    -23 Attainment of final beatitude.
    -24 A medicinal preparation, drug, medicine.
    -25 (In law) Enforcement of the the deli- very of anything, or of the payment of debt, infliction of fine.
    -26 A bodily organ.
    -27 The penis.
    -28 An udder.
    -29 Wealth.
    -3 Friendship.
    -31 Profit, advantage.
    -32 Burning a dead body.
    -33 Obsequies.
    -34 Killing or oxydation of metals.
    -35 Proof, argu- ment.
    -36 Conflict, battle.
    -37 (In gram.) Instru- ment, agent.
    -38 Making ready, preparation.
    -39 Gain, acquisition.
    -4 Calculation.
    -Comp. -अध्यक्षः Superintendent or captain of the military forces.
    -अर्ह a. worthy of being proved or accomplished.
    -क्रिया 1 a finite verb.
    -2 an action connected with a Kāraka.
    -क्षम a. admitting proof.
    -निर्देशः production of proof.
    -पत्रम् a document used as evidence.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > साधन _sādhana

  • 10 सम्


    sam
    1) orﾠ stam cl. 1. P. samati orﾠ stamati, to be disturbed (accord. toﾠ some « to be undisturbed» ;

    cf. ṡam) Dhātup. XIX, 82 ;
    cl. 10. P. samayati orﾠ stamayati, to be agitated orﾠ disturbed Vop. ;
    sám
    2) ind. (connected with 7. sa andﾠ 2. sama, andﾠ opp. to 3. vi q.v.)

    with, together with, along with, together, altogether
    (used as a preposition orﾠ prefix to verbs andﾠ verbal derivatives
    andﾠ expressing « conjunction», « union», « thoroughness», « intensity», « completeness»
    e.g.. saṉyuj, « to join together» ;
    saṉ-dhā, « to place together» ;
    saṉ-dhi, « placing together» ;
    saṉ-tap, « to consume utterly by burning» ;
    sam-uccheda, « destroying altogether, complete destruction» ;
    in Ved. the verb connected with it has sometimes to be supplied, e.g.. ā́poagnímyaṡásaḥsáṉhípūrvī́ih, « for many glorious waters surrounded Agni» ;
    it is sometimes prefixed to nouns in the sense of 2. sama, « same» ;
    cf. samartha) RV. etc. etc.
    + like Gk. σύν,
    Lat. con,

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > सम्

  • 11 hoe

    [həu]
    1. noun
    a long-handled tool with a metal blade used for removing or destroying weeds etc.
    مِعْزَقَه، مِجْرَفَه
    2. verb
    – present participle ˈhoeing
    to use a hoe eg to remove or destroy weeds:

    This morning I hoed the garden/weeds.

    يَعْزِقُ الأرْض، يُزيل الأعْشاب

    Arabic-English dictionary > hoe

  • 12 undermine

    [andəˈmaɪn] verb
    1) to make (eg a building) insecure by digging away or destroying the base or foundations:

    The road was being undermined by a stream.

    يُقَوِّض، يَهْدِم
    2) to weaken (eg a person's health or authority):

    Constant hard work had undermined his health.

    يُضْعِف

    Arabic-English dictionary > undermine

  • 13 σίνομαι

    σίνομαι, [dialect] Aeol. [full] σίννομαι dub. in Sapph.12; [ per.] 2sg. [tense] pres. or [tense] aor. subj.
    A

    σίνηαι Od.12.139

    : [dialect] Ion. [tense] impf. σινέσκετο, -οντο, Hes.Fr. 117, Od.6.6: [tense] fut. σινήσομαι f.l. in Hp.Mul.1.52: [tense] aor. [ per.] 3pl.

    ἐσίναντο Hdt.8.31

    ,

    - έατο Id.7.147

     codd.:—codd. give a form [full] σινέομαι in Hdt.4.123, 5.81, Hp. Morb.4.41,53, etc.; but σίνομαι is the only form in Hom., and prob. should be restored everywhere:—[voice] Act. σίνω [dialect] Ion. for βλάπτω acc. to Gal.15.662; σίνομαι [voice] Pass., IG22.1126.42 (Amphict. Delph.), Orph. A. 211. [[pron. full] ῑ in the Verb (exc. perh. in Sapph.12); [pron. full] ῐ in σίνις, σίνος, ἀσῐνής.]
    I harm, hurt, do one harm or mischief, Hom., only in Od. (but v. infr. 11, and cf. σίντης), of plunderers and marauders, οἵ σφεας σινέσκοντο, of the Cyclopes who used to plunder the Phaeacians, Od.6.6; ὅτε μοι σίνοιτό γ' ἑταίρους, of Scylla destroying Odysseus' comrades, 12.114; εἰ δέ κε σίνηαι (sc. Ἠελίου βόας) 11.112, cf.

    ἀσινής; οὐ σινέσκετο καρπόν Hes.Fr. 117

    ; in later [dialect] Ep., ἀλώπηξ.. σινομένα τὰν τρώξιμον plundering the grapes, Theoc.1.49;

    σ. ἔπαυλα καὶ.. ἄνδρας AP6.262

     (Leon.), cf.A.R.1.951, 1260, etc.; in Prose, pillage, waste a country, Hdt.5.74, 6.97, 8.31;

    τὴν Μηδικήν X.Cyr.5.5.4

    ; waste, destroy the crops, Hdt.1.17, 4.123;

    αἰ δέ κα σίνηται [τοὺς καρπούς], ἀποτεισάτω τὰ ἐπιτίμια ὁ σινόμενος GDI5040.28

     ([place name] Crete), cf. Tab.Heracl.1.129, X.Cyr. 3.3.15;

    ἐὰν ὑποζύγιον.. σίνηταί τι τῶν πέλας Pl.Lg. 936e

    .
    II generally, injure,

    αἰδώς, ἥ τ' ἄνδρας μέγα σίνεται Hes.Op. 318

     (interpol. in Il.24.45, v. Sch.), cf. Phld.Piet.p.93 G.; [

    ὁ κροκόδειλος] οὐδὲν σ. τὸν τροχίλον Hdt.2.68

    ; τὴν ἕδραν τοῦ ἵππου μὴ ς. not to hurt his back, X. Eq.12.9, cf. Thphr.HP9.18.3; αἰ δὲ σίναιτο ἀφακεσάσθω if he damages the utensils, he must make it good, Mnemos.57.208 (Argos, vi B.C.); esp. in war, injure, harass,

    σ. τὸν στρατόν Hdt.5.27

    ; τοὺς πολεμίους μέγα ς. Id.7.147, cf. 9.49, X.An.3.4.16; opp. ὠφελεῖν, Id.Lac.12.5.—Never in Trag., once in Pl., freq. in X.; once in non-literary Pap., BGU248.17 (i A.D.).

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > σίνομαι

  • 14 δηλέομαι

    Grammatical information: v.
    Meaning: `hurt, damage' (Il.).
    Other forms: Aor. δηλήσασθαι, δᾱλ- Theoc. 9, 36; 15, 48; El. κα-δαλέοιτο, κα-δαλέ̄μενοι ( κα-ζαλ-), perf. δεδήλημαι
    Derivatives: δήλημα `damage, destruction' (Od.; on the meaning Chantr. Form. 183), and δηλήμων `damaging, ruin' (Hom.); δήλησις `damage' (Ion., Thphr.); - δηλήεις `destructing' (Nic.), after nominal αἰγλήεις etc.; δηλητήριος `id.' (Teos Va u. a.), - ιον `poison' (Hp. Ep.); δηλητήρ only Hom. Epigr. 14, 8; δηλητηριώδης (Dav. Proll.).
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: Schwyzer (720) took it as an iterative-intensive deverbative. With short α, φρενο-δᾰλής `destroying the mind' (A. Eu. 330 lyr.), δάλλει κακουργεῖ H., also παν-δάλητος `destroyed' (Hippon. 2); also, with unknown quantity, ἀδαλές ὑγιές, δάλαν λύμην, δαλῃ̃ κακουργῃ̃, δαλήσασθαι λυμήνασθαι, ἀδικῆσαι H. Doubtdul ζά-δηλος (Alc., s. v.). - As *`split' δηλέομαι was connected with δαιδάλλω, δέλτος as IE. * del- (and connected with Lat. doleō, dolor. This etymology assumes for δηλέομαι PGr. ē as lengthened grade of ĕ (beside zero grade in φρενο-δᾰλής etc.). Elean could have ᾱ from η. See DELG; hyperdorism is improbable. Wackernagel Glotta 14, 51f. held δᾱλ- for old. Conbined with the improbability of a long a in IE, the conclusion is that the verb is non-IE = Pre-Greek.
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δηλέομαι

  • 15 λῦμα

    Grammatical information: n.
    Meaning: `dirt, offscourings, purgation', metaph. `contamination, revilement' (A 314 a. Ξ 371, Hdt.); on the meaning Sinclair Festschr. Dornseiff 330ff. (with wrong connection with λύω). - λύμη f., often pl. - αι, `maltreatment (e.g. mutilation, flagellation), damage, violation, revilement'.
    Other forms: - ατος n., mostly pl. - ατα,
    Derivatives: 1. From λῦμα: λύμακες πέτραι H. (on alphab. wrong position); cf. βῶλαξ, λίθαξ a.o. (Chantraine Form. 379); κατα-λυμακόομαι `be covered with λύμακες `(i.e. `dirt')' (Tab. Heracl. 1, 56); also Λύμᾱξ, - κος m. Arcad. rivername (cf. ῥύᾱξ, σύρφᾱξ a.o.; Chantraine 381 f.), after Paus. 8, 41, 2 because of the Nachgeburt ( λύματα) of Rhea, in fact prob. because of the ooze (cf. Schulze Kl. Schr. 663, also Schwyzer RhM 77, 225ff. and Bechtel Dial. 1, 393; in detail deviat.). 2. From λύμη: λυμεών, - ωνος m. `destroyer' (S., E., Tim. Pers., Isoc., as ἀπατεών; Chantraine 163) with λυμεων -εύομαι `play the λ.' (Plb.); λυμάχη (- χή?) ἡ εἰς διαφθορὰν λύπη H. (after ταραχή? στοναχή?). Transformation of λῦμα, λύμη: λῦμαρ (Max. Astrol.; cf. Schwyzer 519). -- Denomin. λυμαί-νομαι, aor. λυμήνασθαι (rare λυμῆναι, - ᾶναι) 1. from ? λῦμα `purify (of dirt)' (Hp.), usu. ἀπο-λυμαίνομαι `wash, purify' (A 313f., A. R., Agath., Paus.) with ἀπολυμαν-τήρ (tablecleaner' (ρ 220, 377); 2. more often from λύμη `corporally maltreat, damage, destroy,violate', also with δια-, κατα- (Ion. Att. Arc.; on the meaning Schulze Kl. Schr. 169, Fraenkel Denom. 49); λυμαντήρ `destroyer, violater' (X.), λυμάντωρ (Timo, Epigr. Cyrene), - τής (S.) `id.' (cf. Fraenkel Nom. sg. 2, 55) with λυμαν-τήριος (A.), - τικός (Ph., Arr.) `destroying, violating'. - λύθρος m. (after βρότος, βόρβορος, πηλός?), also - ον n. `clotted, thick blood' (Hom. [only dat. - ρῳ], Hp. Ep.) with λυθρώδης `bloodstained' (LXX, AP). With λῦμα: λύμη cf. γνῶμα: γνώμη, χάρμα: - μη, βρῶμα: - μη etc.
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [681] * luH- `dirt, pollute'
    Etymology: With λῦμα, - μη agrees Alb. lum `slime, mud' (IE * lum-); an agreement with λύθρος perh. in the Illyr. GN Ludrum (with IE dh or d); close comes also Alb. ler `mud' (IE * leu-d(h)r-). The nouns mentioned go back on a in Greek lost (and by λυμαίνομαι replaced?) verb meaning `pollute, contaminate', which lives on in Lat. pol-luō (from * por-luō) and led to the verbal noun Lat. lutum = OIr. loth `muck, excrements, dirt'. Other survivals are Lat. lustrum `puddle, marsh' and German rivernames like Lune and Lienz (from * Luantia); cf. Λύμαξ. - WP. 2, 406, Pok. 681, W.-Hofmann s. 1. lutum. Fraenkel Wb. s. laũre. On the GN esp. Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 6, 106ff. a. 242ff., Eisenstuck ibd. 7. 53ff. - (Wrong Specht KZ 68, 124. λύ-μη to λύ-πη with old variation μ: π.)
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λῦμα

  • 16 πύργος

    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: `tower, wall-tower', also the fortification wall itself (Il.), metaph. `closed division of warriors, column' (Il.), `siege-tower' (X.), `farm-building', (LXX, pap., NT; lit. in Bauer Gr.-dt. Wb. s.v.).
    Compounds: Compp., e.g. πυργο-δάϊκτος `destroying towers' (A. Pers. 105 [lyr.]; prop. `with destroyed towers'? Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 82; s. also E. Williger Sprachl. Unt. zu den Kompp. der gr. Dicht. des V.Jh.s [Göttingen 1928] 45 n. 1), εὔ-πυργος `with fair towers, well-towered' (Η 71 a.o.).
    Derivatives: 1. Dimin. πυργ-ίον, - ίδιον, - ίς, - ίσκος, - ίσκιον, - ισκάριον (mostly hell. a. late); 2. - ωμα, mostly pl. - ώματα n. `tower structures' (Orac. ap. Hdt., A., E.); 3. πυργιτρον n. form a. meaning unclear (pap.VIp); 4. πυργ-ίτης n. `kind of sparrow' (Gal. a.o.; s. Redard 84 and on σποργίλος); - ῖτις βοτάνη H. 5. Adj. πύργ-ινος `consisting of towers' (A. in lyr.), - ειος `tower-like' (Ion., trag.), - ώδης `id.' (S.), - ῶτις `towered' (A. in lyr.; f. on *-ώτης, Redard 8); - ήρης `provided with towers, enclosed within towers or walls' (Orac. ap. Paus.) with - ηρέομαι `to be enclosed within towers or walls, to be besieged' (A., E.). 6. Adv. - ηδόν `columnwise' (Il.), `towerwise' (Aret.). 7. Verb πυργ-ῶσαι, - όω `to fence with towers, to pile up' (λ 264) with - ωτός `piled up' (Str. a.o.). 8. Πυργ-αλίδαι m. pl. n. of a guild in Kameiros (inscr.); after Τανταλ-ίδαι?
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: Building technical expression; because of the striking similarity with NHG Burg, Goth. baurgs `town, tower' by Kretschmer Glotta 22, 100ff. taken as German. LW [loanword] through Northbalkan. (Macedon. ?) mediation. By others taken as Pre-Greek (Pelasgian as a form of Indo-European can now be forgotten. s. Furnée 40-55; s. Heubeck Praegraeca 63ff. w. further lit. In the same way is considered Πέργαμος, - ον, -α `the citadel (of Troy)', also PlN, to NHG Berg, Hitt. parkuš `high' etc.), s. Heubeck l.c. (Pok. 140f.), where also on the H.-glosses φύρκος τεῖχος and φ\<ο\> ύρκορ ὀχύρωμα (on this also Pisani Rev. int. ét. balk. 3, 22 n. 1); there is also a stronghold in Elis called Πύργος (Hdt. 4, 148, Str.) and a Φύρκος (Th. 5,49) -- On Lat. burgus (from Germ. or only influenced by it?) W.-Hofmann s.v. with Nachträgen. -- The forms with φυρκ- show well-known Pre-Greek alternations. To Asia Minor may point Urart. burgana `palace'. As to Περγαμον, the suffix - αμο- is Pre-Greek (cf. κάρδαμον). (Its non-IE character is confirmed by the place names Περγασα\/ Παργασα\/ Βαργασα, Furnée 64 n. 268, cf. on πάγασα) So the word is a normal Pre-Greek word.
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πύργος

  • 17 Σείριος

    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: `Sirius, dog star' (Hes.), also appositive or attributive Σείριος ἀστήρ (Hes. Op. 417), as adj. of stars (Ibyc. a. o.) and of the sun (Archil. a. o.), `glowing, burning, desiccating'; also as adjunct of the νᾶες (Tim. Pers. 192), prob. reinterpreted as `devastating, destroying' (cf. v. Wilamowitz ad loc.).
    Derivatives: σειριόεις `scorching, glowing' ( ἥλιος, ἀτμός, Opp., Nonn.); σειρι-άω `to glow, to scorch' ( ὀξέα σειριάει, of Σείριος, Arat. 331), also `to get a heat stroke, σειρίασις' (medic.); σειρ-αίνω `to scorch, to parch' (Oros ap. EM), - όω ( ἀπο-), also - έω (- εόω) `to desiccate, to drain, to filtrate' (medic., pap.; cf. Lagercrantz on PHolm. 23, 21) with - ωμα, - ωσις (late); - άζω `to strike', of lightning (Ael. Dion.). To this designations for `thin, transparent (summer)garment': σειρόν, σείριον, σείρινα, σειρήν (Harp., Phot., Hes.); cf. Solmsen Wortforsch. 128. Artificial backformation σείρ, σειρός ὁ ἥλιος καὶ Σείριος (Suid.).
    Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]
    Etymology: Not certainly explained. If prop. `sparkling, flickering' and at all IE., Σείριος can with σείω (s. v.) belong to a verb for `be excited, sparkle, gleam' in Skt. tviṣ-, to which a.o. tvíṣ- `excitement, gleam', tveṣ-á- `tempestuous, sparkling'; to this also Av. ʮwisra- `lighting'. Basis then *tu̯eis-ro- or (if σει- would stand for σῑ-; Götze KZ 51, 151 f.) *tu̯is-ro-; s., beside Bq, WP. 1, 748 w. lit., Pok. 1099. Further details w. lit. in Scherer Gestirnnamen 111ff. -- Furnée 262 compares τίριος θέρους. Κρῆτες H.; if so, the word would be Pre-Greek.
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    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Σείριος

  • 18 λαός

    λαός, οῦ, ὁ (Hom.+; ins; pap [here the pl. λαοί, Mayser 27; 29]; LXX, pseudepigr, Philo, Joseph., apolog.)
    ① people, in a general sense
    ⓐ distributively, populace Mt 27:64. ἐν τῷ λαῷ among the people Mt 4:23; Ac 6:8.
    ⓑ a close gathering of people crowd Lk 1:21; 3:15, 18; 7:1; 20:1; Ac 3:12; 4:1f; 13:15; 21:30. πᾶς ὁ λ. the whole crowd, all the people (TestSim 6:4; Jos., Ant. 13, 201) Mt 27:25; Lk 8:47; 9:13; 18:43; 21:38; J 8:2; Ac 3:9, 11. Also ἅπας ὁ λ. (Jos., Ant. 7, 63; 211) Lk 3:21. ὁ λ. ἅπας (Jos., Ant. 6, 199; 8, 101) 19:48; GPt 8:28. λ. ἱκανός Ac 5:37 v.l. πᾶν τὸ πλῆθος τ. λαοῦ Lk 1:10; cp. Ac 21:36. πλῆθος πολὺ τοῦ λαοῦ a large crowd of people Lk 6:17; 23:27 (PsSol. 8:2 λαοῦ πολλοῦ; TestJud 3:1 λ. πολύς).
    ② the mass of a community as distinguished from special interest groups (OGI 90, 12 [II B.C. priests, civil officials, and soldiers]) people
    ⓐ in contrast to their leaders Mt 26:5; Mk 11:18 v.l., 32 v.l.; 14:2; Lk 19:48; 20:6, 19, 26; 23:13; Ac 2:47; 4:17, 21; 5:26; 6:12; 12:4.
    ⓑ in contrast to Pharisees and legal experts Lk 7:29.
    ⓒ in contrast to priests Hb 2:17; 5:3; 7:5, 27 (a Christian congregation in liturgical response Just., A I, 65, 3 al.).—RMeyer, Der ˓Am hā-˒Āreṣ, Judaica 3, ’47, 169–99.
    ③ a body of people with common cultural bonds and ties to a specific territory, people-group, people as nation (w. φυλή, ἔθνος, γλῶσσα; cp. Da 3:4) Rv 5:9; 13:7; 14:6. Pl. (a Sibylline oracle in Appian, Maced. 2; En 10:21; PsSol 5:11; 17:30 λαοὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν; Just., A I, 49, 1) 7:9; 10:11; 11:9; 17:15.—Lk 2:31. Of a monstrous animal θηρίον δυνάμενον λαοὺς διαφθεῖραι a beast capable of destroying (whole) peoples Hv 4, 2, 3.
    ④ people of God, people
    ⓐ of the people of Israel ὁ λαός (s. also Jewish inscriptions in SIG 1247; GKittel, TLZ 69, ’44, 13; En 20:5; PsSol 17:20; ParJer 2:2 [throughout w. art.]; Just.; Mel., P.; Iren., Orig., Did.—λαός of the native Egyptian population since III B.C. at least: UWilcken on UPZ 110, 100f) Ac 3:23; 7:17; 28:17; 2 Pt 2:1; AcPl Ha 8, 19. Without the art. (Sir 46:7; Wsd 18:13; PsSol [throughout, exc. 17:20]) Jd 5; οὗτος ὁ λ. Mt 15:8; Mk 7:6 (both Is 29:13); Lk 21:23; B 9:3; 10:2; πᾶς ὁ λ. (ParJer 5:17) Lk 2:10 all the people (prob., as the involvement of the shepherds suggests, without cultic restrictions, namely to ‘everyone’); B 12:8. πᾶς ὁ λ. Ἰσραήλ Ac 4:10. οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς τοῦ λ. Mt 2:4; 26:47; 27:1; οἱ πρεσβύτεροι τοῦ λ. 21:23; τὸ πρεσβυτέριον τοῦ λ. Lk 22:66; οἱ ἄρχοντες τοῦ λ. Ac 4:8; B 9:3; PEg2, 6; οἱ πρῶτοι τοῦ λ. Lk 19:47. Opp. τὰ ἔθνη the nations, non-Israelites (gentiles) (s. ἔθνος 2 and cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 67 §283 the contrast τὰ ἔθνη … τὴν Ἰταλίαν) Ac 26:17, 23; Ro 15:10 (Dt 32:43).—W. a gen. that denotes the possessor ([τοῦ] θεοῦ, αὐτοῦ, μοῦ etc.; cp. TestJud 25:3; ParJer 3:15; ApcrEzk P 1 verso 3; Jos., Ant. 10, 12; Just., D. 110, 4): λ. τοῦ θεοῦ Lk 1:68; Hb 11:25. ὁ λαός μου Ac 7:34 (Ex 3:7). Rv 18:4 (pl. verb with λαός in sing. as Περὶ ὕψους 23, 2 after a poet λαὸς … κελάδησαν).—Lk 7:16. λ. σου Ἰσραήλ Lk 2:32. ὁ λ. μου ὁ Ἰσραήλ Mt 2:6. ὁ λ. Ἰσραήλ B 16:5 (cp. ὁ λ. τῶν Ἰουδαίων Orig., C. Cels. 2, 1, 6). Pl. of the tribes of Israel (Jos., C. Ap. 2, 159, unless the pl. here means ‘the people’, as Hes., Op. 763f πολλοὶ λαοί; Aristoph., Equ. 163, Ran. 216; 677 πολὺν λαῶν ὄχλον; Callim., Epigr. 47; Isyllus E 1 [IG IV, 950=Coll. Alex. p. 133, 37=D 1 in Diehl2 II, 6 p. 115, s. Anth LG] θεὸν ἀείσατε, λαοί = ἐνναέται Ἐπιδαύρου [inhabitants of Epidaurus]; Diod S 1, 45, 1; 3, 45, 6 διὰ τὴν τῶν λαῶν ἀπειρίαν=because of the inexperience of the people; 4, 67, 6; 5, 7, 6; 5, 48, 1 συναγαγεῖν τ. λαοὺς σποράδην οἰκοῦντας=gather the people who live in scattered places; 5, 59, 5 al.; Orphica 34, 10 Q.; Herm. Wr. 1, 27; PRev 42, 17 [258 B.C.] γραφέτωσαν οἱ λαοί=the people are to submit a written statement; Jos., Ant. 18, 352; Just., A I, 47, 1 al; Ath.; Basilius, epistle 92, 2 ln. 44 [=MPG XXXII 481a] οἱ λαοί; Theophanes, Chron. 172, 7 de Boor ἀπέθανον λαοὶ πολλοί) Ac 4:25 (Ps 2:1), 27; Ro 15:11 (Ps 116:1).
    ⓑ of Christians Ac 15:14; 18:10; Ro 9:25 (Hos 2:25); Hb 4:9; 1 Pt 2:10; Rv 18:4 (Jer 28:45 SAQ); 1 Cl 59:4; 2 Cl 2:3; B 13:1ff. Prepared by Christ B 3:6; cp. Hs 5, 5, 2. Protected by angels 5, 5, 3; specif. entrusted to Michael 8, 3, 3; cp. 8, 1, 2.—Also in pl. (s. 3 end) λαοὶ αὐτοῦ Rv 21:3; cp. Hs 8, 3, 2.—λ. εἰς περιποίησιν a people (made God’s) own possession 1 Pt 2:9. Also λ. περιούσιος (Ex 19:5) Tit 2:14; 1 Cl 64. λ. κατεσκευασμένος a people made ready Lk 1:17. λ. καινός B 5:7; 7:5.—OKern, ARW 30, ’33, 205–17; EKäsemann, D. wandernde Gottesvolk ’39; N Dahl, D. Volk Gottes: E. Untersuchg. z. Kirchenbewusstsein des Urchristent. ’41; HSahlin, D. Messias u. d. Gottesvolk ’45; AOepke, D. neue Gottesvolk ’50; CVandersleyen, Le mot λαός dans la langue des papyrus: Chronique d’ Égypte 48, ’73, 339–49; OMontevecchi, PapBrux XIX (in Actes du XVe Congrès International de Papyrologie ’78–79), pp. 51–67.—B. 1313; 1315. Schmidt, Syn. IV 570–75. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv. S. also LfgrE s.v. col. 1634 (lit.).

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > λαός

  • 19 οὐ

    1
    οὐ (Hom.+; s. Schwyzer II 591–94) objective (as opp. to subjective μή) negative adv., denying the reality of an alleged fact; in the NT used w. the ind. (μή serves as the neg. for the other moods, including inf. and ptc.—w. certain exceptions, which will be discussed below. S. B-D-F §426; Rob. 1168f; Mlt-Turner 281f). Before vowels w. the smooth breathing it takes the form οὐκ; before those w. the rough breathing it is οὐχ; in the mss. this rule is freq. disregarded (W-S. §5, 10bc; B-D-F §14; Rob. 224). On its use s. B-D-F §426–33; Rdm.2 p. 210ff; Rob. 1155–66.
    ① a negative response to a question or statement, as accented form, οὔ: no Mt 13:29 (Schwyzer II 596f); J 1:21; 7:12; 21:5. ἤτω ὑμῶν τὸ οὒ οὔ let your ‘no’ be ‘no’ Js 5:12. Doubled for emphasis (s. ναί e.—οὒ οὔ Nicetas Eugen. 5, 76 H. Likew. μὴ μή=no, no! [Herodas 3, 71; Meleager, I B.C., in Anth. Pal. 12, 80, 3; Psellus p. 268, 15 μὴ μὴ μάγιστρε]) Mt 5:37; 2 Cor 1:17ff. On οὐ μὲν οὖν s. οὐμενοῦν.
    ② marker of negative propositions, not
    ⓐ used to negative single words or clauses (Ar. 13, 7 μῦθοί εἰσι καὶ οὐκ ἄλλο τι; Just., A II, 2, 2 οὐ σωφρόνως; Tat. 5, 1 οὐ κατὰ ἀποκοπήν;—as earlier Gk.: Hom. et al.; s. Kühner-G. II, 182; Schwyzer II 593f)
    α. οὐ πᾶς not every one Mt 7:21. οὐ πάντες 19:11; Ro 9:6; 10:16. πάντες οὐ κοιμηθησόμεθα we shall not all fall asleep 1 Cor 15:51 (s. JBurn, ET, 1926, 236f; POppenheim, TQ 112, ’31, 92–135; AVaccari, Biblica 13, ’32, 73–76; B-D-F §433, 2; Rob. 753). Likew. transposed διατί πάντες οὐ μετενόησαν; why have not all repented? Hs 8, 6, 2. οὐ πᾶσα σάρξ 1 Cor 15:39. οὐ πάντως Ro 3:9; 1 Cor 5:10.—καλέσω τὸν οὐ λαόν μου λαόν μου those who were not my people I will call my people Ro 9:25a (Hos 2:25b); cp. 1 Pt 2:10. οὐκ ἔθνος no nation at all Ro 10:19 (Dt 32:21).
    β. freq. in litotes (cp. Lysias 13, 62 εἰ μὲν οὐ πολλοὶ ἦσαν Tat. 3, 2) οὐ πολλοί, πολλαί J 2:12; Ac 1:5 (οὐ μετὰ πολλὰς ἡμέρας = μετʼ οὐ πολλ. ἡμ.; cp. οὐκ ἐξ ὄντων = ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων 2 Macc 7:28). οὐκ ὀλίγος, ὀλίγη, ὀλίγοι, ὀλίγαι Ac 17:4, 12; 19:23f; 27:20. οὐκ ἄσημος 21:39. οὐχ ἁγνῶς Phil 1:17. οὐ μετρίως Ac 20:12. οὐκ ἐκ μέτρου J 3:34. μετʼ οὐ πολύ soon (afterward) Ac 27:14 S. also δ below.
    γ. not in a contrast τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ οὐκ ἀνθρώποις Col 3:23. τρέχω ὡς οὐκ ἀδήλως 1 Cor 9:26.
    δ. as a periphrasis for some concepts expressed by verbs: οὐκ ἀγνοεῖν know quite well 2 Cor 2:11. οὐκ ἐᾶν prevent Ac 16:7 (cp. Il. 2, 132); 19:30. οὐκ ἔχειν be in need Mt 13:12; Mk 4:25 (on these two pass. s. Schwyzer II 593, w. ref. to Kühner-G. II 189–92; contrast the use of μή in Lk 8:18). οὐ θέλειν refuse 2 Th 3:10. οὐ πταίειν Js 3:2. οὐχ ὑπακούειν be disobedient 2 Th 3:14. οὐ φιλεῖν be unfriendly to, disesteem 1 Cor 16:22.
    ⓑ used sometimes w. the ptc. From a above are derived the points under which this is done, contrary to the rule given at beg. of entry. In addition, it is prob. that in individual cases earlier literary influence is still at work (for earlier Gk. s. Kühner-G. II 198–203. μή suggests contingency).—B-D-F §430; Mlt. 231f (w. pap exx.; cp. Just., A I, 33, 4 οὐ συνουσιασθεῖσαν τὴν παρθένον; 67, 5 τοῖς οὐ παροῦσι al.); Rdm.2 212; Mlt-Turner 284f.
    α. to negative a single concept: πράγματα οὐ βλεπόμενα things not seen Hb 11:1. οὐχ ὁ τυχών extraordinary Ac 19:11; 28:2 (cp. Com. Att. Fgm. III 442 no. 178 οὐδὲ τοῖς τυχοῦσι). θλιβόμενοι ἀλλʼ, οὐ στενοχωρούμενοι 2 Cor 4:8; cp. vs. 9.
    β. in strong emphasis or contrast: ἄνθρωπον οὐκ ἐνδεδυμένον ἔνδυμα γάμου (emphasizing the fact that his dress was improper) Mt 22:11. οὐ προσδεξάμενοι τὴν ἀπολύτρωσιν (emphasizing the great heroism of their act) Hb 11:35. οὐ βλέπων Lk 6:42. οὐκ ἰδόντες 1 Pt 1:8. οὐκ ὄντος αὐτῷ τέκνου Ac 7:5.—Contrast: Ac 28:19. τότε μὲν οὐκ εἰδότες θεὸν … νῦν δέ Gal 4:8. καὶ οὐ introducing a contrast is also used w. the ptc. καὶ οὐκ ἐν σαρκὶ πεποιθότες Phil 3:3. καὶ οὐ κρατῶν Col 2:19. ὁ μισθωτὸς καὶ οὐκ ὢν ποιμήν J 10:12.
    γ. In quotations fr. the LXX in the NT we notice the tendency of the OT translators regularly to render לֹא w. the ptc. by οὐ: ἡ οὐ τίκτουσα, ἡ οὐκ ὠδίνουσα Gal 4:27 (Is 54:1). τὴν οὐκ ἠγαπημένην Ro 9:25b (Hos 2:25a). οἱ οὐκ ἠλεημένοι 1 Pt 2:10 (Hos 1:6).
    δ. τὰ οὐκ ἀνήκοντα Eph 5:4 v.l. is presumably a mingling of τὰ μὴ ἀνήκοντα and (the rdg. in the text itself) ἃ οὐκ ἀνῆκεν (as early as P46).
    ⓒ in main clauses
    α. in simple statements w. the indic. οὐκ ἐγίνωσκεν αὐτήν Mt 1:25. οὐ δύνασθε θεῷ δουλεύειν καὶ μαμωνᾷ 6:24. οὐκ ἤφιεν λαλεῖν τὰ δαιμόνια Mk 1:34. οὐκ ἦν αὐτοῖς τέκνον Lk 1:7. οὐχ ὑμῶν ἐστιν Ac 1:7. οὐ γάρ ἐπαισχύνομαι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον Ro 1:16 and very oft. οὐ γάρ σου ἠκούσαμέν ποτε AcPlCor 1:14.
    β. used to negative the prohibitive future (Hebr. לֹא w. the impf.—Synes., Ep. 67 p. 211b οὐκ ἀγνοήσεις) οὐ φονεύσεις Mt 5:21; cp. vs. 27; Mt 19:18; Ro 7:7; 13:9 (all commandments fr. the Decalogue: Ex 20:13–17; Dt 5:17–21). Also οὐκ ἐπιορκήσεις Mt 5:33. οὐκ ἐκπειράσεις κύριον Lk 4:12 (Dt 6:16); Ac 23:5 (Ex 22:27); 1 Cor 9:9 (Dt 25:4).—Mt 6:5.
    ⓓ in subordinate clauses
    α. in relative clauses w. indic. (in the NT, μή is found in such clauses only Tit 1:11; 2 Pt 1:9; 1J 4:3 [but s. B-D-F §428, 4 and Rob. 1158]; Ac 15:29 D; Col 2:18 v.l.): Mt 10:38; 12:2; Mk 4:25 (s. 2aδ above) Lk 6:2; J 6:64; Ro 15:21 (Is 52:15); Gal 3:10 (Dt 27:26) al.
    β. in declarative clauses w. ὅτι, likew. in temporal and causal clauses w. ind.: ὅτι οὐ J 5:42; 1 Th 2:1. ὁ ἀρνούμενος ὅτι Ἰησοῦς οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ Χριοτός 1J 2:22 (on the negative here s. ἀρνέομαι 2).—ἐπει οὐ Lk 1:34. ὅτε οὐ 2 Ti 4:3.—εἰ οὐ w. indic.: εἰ οὐ δώσει αὐτῷ Lk 11:8; cp. ὅστις (ὸ̔ς) οὐκ ἔχει Mt 13:12 and Mk 4:25=ὸ̔ς ἂν μὴ ἔχει Lk 8:18 (Schwyzer II 593). εἰ ἐν τῷ ἀλλοτρίῳ πιστοὶ οὐκ ἐγένεσθε 16:12; Mk 11:26; Lk 18:4; J 1:25; 10:37; Ro 8:9b; 11:21; Hb 12:25.—Once actually in a contrary-to-fact condition: καλὸν ἦν αὐτῷ εἰ οὐκ ἐγεννήθη Mt 26:24=Mk 14:21=1 Cl 46:8 (B-D-F §428, 2; Rob. 1160; Mlt-Turner 284).
    ⓔ in combination w. other negatives, strengthening the negation (Mel. Chor. Adesp., Fgm. no. 11 Diehl2 [’42] οὐ μήποτε τὰν ἀρετὰν ἀλλάξομαι ἀντʼ ἀδίκου κέρδεος ‘I shall never exchange virtue for unjust gain’; GrBar 13:3 οὐκ … οὐδέν; Just., D. 26, 1) Mt 22:16; Mk 5:37; Lk 4:2; 23:53 (οὐκ ἦν οὐδεὶς οὔπω); J 6:63; 11:49; 12:19; 15:5; Ac 8:39; 2 Cor 11:9. οὐ μηκέτι (s. μηκέτι fα) Mt 21:19 v.l. For use in questions s. 3 below.
    α. On the combination of οὐ and μή s. μή 4.
    β. The combining of οὐδέ and οὐ μή to form οὐδʼ οὐ μή instead of οὐδὲ μή is a late development (a barbarism?; B-D-F §431, 3; Rob. 1175; Mlt-Turner 286.—Prayer to the god Socnopaeus: Mitt-Wilck I/2, 122, 2ff εἰ οὐ δίδοταί μοι συμβιῶσαι Ταπεθεῦτι Μαρρείους οὐδʼ οὐ μὴ γένηται ἄλλου γυνή [Rdm.2 211f]; LXX) Mt 24:21. οὐ μή σε ἀνῶ οὐδʼ οὐ μή σε ἐγκαταλίπω Hb 13:5 (Dt 31:6 A, 8 A οὐδ οὐ μή; 1 Ch 28:20 A).—οὐδὲν … οὐ μὴ ἀδικήσει instead of οὐδὲν … μὴ … Lk 10:19. οὐδὲν οὐ μὴ λήψῃ Hm 9:5.
    ⓕ w. one of two clauses that are either coordinate or contrasted.
    α. οὐ … ἀλλά s. ἀλλά 1ab.—1 Th 2:4 the οὐ w. the ptc. is prob. to be explained under this head (s. 3 above).
    β. οὐ …, … δέ Ac 12:9, 14; Hb 4:13, 15.
    γ. …, ἀλλʼ οὐ looking back upon a ‘to be sure’ 1 Cor 10:5, 23.
    δ. οὐ μόνον, ἀλλὰ (καί) s. μόνος 2c.
    ε. οὐ … εἰ μή s. εἰ 6i.
    ③ marker of expectation of an affirmative answer, not so?
    ⓐ to a direct question (Hom. et al.):
    α. do … not? does … not? (B-D-F §427, 2; Rob. 917): οὐκ ἀκούεις, πόσα σου καταμαρτυροῦσιν; you hear, do you not …? Mt 27:13. οὐχ ὑμεῖς μᾶλλον διαφέρετε αὐτῶν; 6:26. Cp. vs. 30. ὁ διδάσκαλος ὑμῶν οὐ τελεῖ δίδραχμα; your teacher pays the two-drachma tax, does he not? Mt 17:24.—Mk 6:3; 7:18; 12:24; Lk 11:40; J 4:35; 6:70; 7:25; Ac 9:21 and oft. οὐ μέλει σοι ὅτι ἀπολλύμεθα; does it make no difference to you that we are perishing? Mk 4:38. In a related sense
    β. destroying the force of the negation (cp. Hdt. et al.; Schwyzer II 598): Ac 4:20; 1 Cor 12:15 (B-D-F §431, 1; Rob. 1164).—In questions, if the verb itself is already negatived (by οὐ), the negation can be invalidated by the interrogative particle μή (s. μή 3a), which expects the answer ‘no’, so that the stage is set for an affirmative answer (Aesop, Fab. 374 P.=404aH. μὴ οὐκ ἔστι χλόη;=certainly there is grass, is there not?) μὴ οὐκ ἤκουσαν; surely they have heard, have they not? Ro 10:18; cp. vs. 19. μὴ οὐκ ἔχομεν ἐξουσίαν; we have the right, do we not? 1 Cor 9:4; cp. vs. 5. μὴ οἰκίας οὐκ ἔχετε; you have houses, do you not? 11:22.
    ⓑ to a question expressed impatiently in the second pers. of the fut. indic. and functioning as an imperative οὐ παύσῃ;=παῦσαι! will you not stop? = stop! Ac 13:10.—DELG. M-M.
    2
    οὐ μεν οὖν (so Aristoph., Plu. 870, Ran. 556; 1188; also οὐμενοῦν Paus. 1, 21, 1) adv. (Aristoph., Pla. et al.; incl. Luc., Jupp. Tr. 35 twice.—Kühner=G. II 158) a marker introducing a negative statement in contradiction of discourse that precedes, not at all, by no means (expressing a strong negation to a question) Dg 7:4.
    3
    οὐ μή s. μή 4.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > οὐ

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