designed+value

SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping

[br]

[br]

[br]

Brown commenced his apprenticeship on the River Clyde in the late 1830s, working for some of the most famous marine engineering companies and ultimately with the Caledonian Railway Company. In 1850 he joined the shipyard of A. \& J.Inglis Ltd of Partick as Engineering Manager; during his ten years there he pioneered the fitting of link-motion valve gear to marine engines. Other interesting engines were built, all ahead of their time, including a three-cylinder direct-acting steam engine.

His real life's work commenced in 1860 when he entered into partnership with the Renfrew shipbuilder William Simons. Within one year he had designed the fast Clyde steamer Rothesay Castle, a ship less than 200 ft (61 m) long, yet which steamed at c.20 knots and subsequently became a notable American Civil War blockade runner. At this time the company also built the world's first sailing ship with wire-rope rigging. Within a few years of joining the shipyard on the Cart (a tributary of the Clyde), he had designed the first self-propelled hopper barges built in the United Kingdom. He then went on to design, patent and supervise the building of hopper dredges, bucket ladder dredges and sand dredges, which by the end of the century had capacity of 10,000 tons per hour. In 1895 they built an enclosed hopper-type ship which was the prototype of all subsequent sewage-dumping vessels. Typical of his inventions was the double-ended screw-elevating deck ferry, a ship of particular value in areas where there is high tidal range. Examples of this design are still to be found in many seaports of the world. Brown ultimately became Chairman of Simons shipyard, and in his later years took an active part in civic affairs, serving for fifteen years as Provost of Renfrew. His influence in establishing Renfrew as one of the world's centres of excellence in dredge design and building was considerable, and he was instrumental in bringing several hundred ship contracts of a specialist nature to the River Clyde.

[br]

SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology

[br]

[br]

[br]

The son of the millwright James Meikle, who is credited with the introduction of the winnowing machine into Britain, Andrew Meikle followed in his father's footsteps. His inventive inclinations were first turned to developing his father's idea, and together with his own son George he built and patented a double-fan winnowing machine.

However, in the history of agricultural development Andrew Meikle is most famous for his invention of the threshing machine, patented in 1784. He had been presented with a model of a threshing mill designed by a Mr Ilderton of Northumberland, but after failing to make a full-scale machine work, he developed the concept further. He eventually built the first working threshing machine for a farmer called Stein at Kilbagio. The patent revolutionized farming practice because it displaced the back-breaking and soul-destroying labour of flailing the grain from the straw. The invention was of great value in Scotland and in northern England when the land was becoming underpopulated as a result of heavy industrialization, but it was bitterly opposed in the south of England until well into the nineteenth century. Although the introduction of the threshing machine led to the "Captain Swing" riots of the 1830s, in opposition to it, it shortly became universal.

Meikle's provisional patent in 1785 was a natural progression of earlier attempts by other millwrights to produce such a machine. The published patent is based on power provided by a horse engine, but these threshing machines were often driven by water-wheels or even by windmills. The corn stalks were introduced into the machine where they were fed between cast-iron rollers moving quite fast against each other to beat the grain out of the ears. The power source, whether animal, water or wind, had to cause the rollers to rotate at high speed to knock the grain out of the ears. While Meikle's machine was at first designed as a fixed barn machine powered by a water-wheel or by a horse wheel, later threshing machines became mobile and were part of the rig of an agricultural contractor.

In 1788 Meikle was awarded a patent for the invention of shuttered sails for windmills. This patent is part of the general description of the threshing machine, and whilst it was a practical application, it was superseded by the work of Thomas Cubitt.

At the turn of the century Meikle became a manufacturer of threshing machines, building appliances that combined the threshing and winnowing principles as well as the reciprocating "straw walkers" found in subsequent threshing machines and in conventional combine harvesters to the present day. However, he made little financial gain from his invention, and a public subscription organized by the President of the Board of Agriculture, Sir John Sinclair, raised £1,500 to support him towards the end of his life.

[br]

KM / AP

 

автоматическая стрелка
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва]

Тематики

• электротехника, основные понятия

EN

• spring latch
• automatic switch

 

автоматический выключатель
Механический коммутационный аппарат¹⁾, способный включать, проводить и отключать токи при нормальном состоянии электрической цепи, а также включать, проводить в течение заданного времени и автоматически отключать токи в указанном аномальном состоянии электрической цепи, например, при коротком замыкании.
(МЭС 441-14-20)
[ ГОСТ Р 50030. 2-99 ( МЭК 60947-2-98)]

автоматический выключатель
-
[IEV number 442-05-01]

EN

circuit breaker
a mechanical switching device, capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions and also making, carrying for a specified time and breaking currents under specified abnormal circuit conditions such as those of short circuit.
[IEC 62271-100, ed. 2.0 (2008-04)]
[IEV number 442-05-01]

circuit breaker
A device designed to open and close a circuit by nonautomatic means and to open the circuit automatically on a predetermined overcurrent without damage to itself when properly applied within its rating.
NOTE The automatic opening means can be integral, direct acting with the circuit breaker, or remote from the circuit breaker.
Adjustable (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that the circuit breaker can be set to trip at various values of current, time, or both within a predetermined range. Instantaneous-trip (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that no delay is purposely introduced in the tripping action of the circuit breaker.
Inverse-time (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating a delay is purposely introduced in the tripping action of the circuit breaker, which delay decreases as the magnitude of the current increases.
Nonadjustable (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that the circuit breaker does not have any adjustment to alter the value of current at which it will trip or the time required for its operation.
Setting (of a circuit breaker). The value of current, time, or both at which an adjustable circuit breaker is set to trip.
[National Electrical Cod]

FR

disjoncteur
appareil mécanique de connexion capable d’établir, de supporter et d’interrompre des courants dans les conditions normales du circuit, ainsi que d’établir, de supporter pendant une durée spécifiée et d’in- terrompre des courants dans des conditions anormales spécifiées du circuit telles que celles du court-circuit.
[IEC 62271-100, ed. 2.0 (2008-04)]
[IEV number 442-05-01]

  ¹⁾  Должно быть контактный коммутационный аппарат
[Интент] 

 

автоматический выключатель
Механический коммутационный аппарат¹⁾, способный включать, проводить и отключать токи при нормальном состоянии электрической цепи, а также включать, проводить в течение заданного времени и автоматически отключать токи в указанном аномальном состоянии электрической цепи, например, при коротком замыкании.
(МЭС 441-14-20)
[ ГОСТ Р 50030. 2-99 ( МЭК 60947-2-98)]

автоматический выключатель
-
[IEV number 442-05-01]

EN

circuit breaker
a mechanical switching device, capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions and also making, carrying for a specified time and breaking currents under specified abnormal circuit conditions such as those of short circuit.
[IEC 62271-100, ed. 2.0 (2008-04)]
[IEV number 442-05-01]

circuit breaker
A device designed to open and close a circuit by nonautomatic means and to open the circuit automatically on a predetermined overcurrent without damage to itself when properly applied within its rating.
NOTE The automatic opening means can be integral, direct acting with the circuit breaker, or remote from the circuit breaker.
Adjustable (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that the circuit breaker can be set to trip at various values of current, time, or both within a predetermined range. Instantaneous-trip (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that no delay is purposely introduced in the tripping action of the circuit breaker.
Inverse-time (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating a delay is purposely introduced in the tripping action of the circuit breaker, which delay decreases as the magnitude of the current increases.
Nonadjustable (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that the circuit breaker does not have any adjustment to alter the value of current at which it will trip or the time required for its operation.
Setting (of a circuit breaker). The value of current, time, or both at which an adjustable circuit breaker is set to trip.
[National Electrical Cod]

FR

disjoncteur
appareil mécanique de connexion capable d’établir, de supporter et d’interrompre des courants dans les conditions normales du circuit, ainsi que d’établir, de supporter pendant une durée spécifiée et d’in- terrompre des courants dans des conditions anormales spécifiées du circuit telles que celles du court-circuit.
[IEC 62271-100, ed. 2.0 (2008-04)]
[IEV number 442-05-01]

  ¹⁾  Должно быть контактный коммутационный аппарат
[Интент] 

 

автоматический выключатель
Механический коммутационный аппарат¹⁾, способный включать, проводить и отключать токи при нормальном состоянии электрической цепи, а также включать, проводить в течение заданного времени и автоматически отключать токи в указанном аномальном состоянии электрической цепи, например, при коротком замыкании.
(МЭС 441-14-20)
[ ГОСТ Р 50030. 2-99 ( МЭК 60947-2-98)]

автоматический выключатель
-
[IEV number 442-05-01]

EN

circuit breaker
a mechanical switching device, capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions and also making, carrying for a specified time and breaking currents under specified abnormal circuit conditions such as those of short circuit.
[IEC 62271-100, ed. 2.0 (2008-04)]
[IEV number 442-05-01]

circuit breaker
A device designed to open and close a circuit by nonautomatic means and to open the circuit automatically on a predetermined overcurrent without damage to itself when properly applied within its rating.
NOTE The automatic opening means can be integral, direct acting with the circuit breaker, or remote from the circuit breaker.
Adjustable (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that the circuit breaker can be set to trip at various values of current, time, or both within a predetermined range. Instantaneous-trip (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that no delay is purposely introduced in the tripping action of the circuit breaker.
Inverse-time (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating a delay is purposely introduced in the tripping action of the circuit breaker, which delay decreases as the magnitude of the current increases.
Nonadjustable (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that the circuit breaker does not have any adjustment to alter the value of current at which it will trip or the time required for its operation.
Setting (of a circuit breaker). The value of current, time, or both at which an adjustable circuit breaker is set to trip.
[National Electrical Cod]

FR

disjoncteur
appareil mécanique de connexion capable d’établir, de supporter et d’interrompre des courants dans les conditions normales du circuit, ainsi que d’établir, de supporter pendant une durée spécifiée et d’in- terrompre des courants dans des conditions anormales spécifiées du circuit telles que celles du court-circuit.
[IEC 62271-100, ed. 2.0 (2008-04)]
[IEV number 442-05-01]

  ¹⁾  Должно быть контактный коммутационный аппарат
[Интент] 

 

автоматический выключатель
Механический коммутационный аппарат¹⁾, способный включать, проводить и отключать токи при нормальном состоянии электрической цепи, а также включать, проводить в течение заданного времени и автоматически отключать токи в указанном аномальном состоянии электрической цепи, например, при коротком замыкании.
(МЭС 441-14-20)
[ ГОСТ Р 50030. 2-99 ( МЭК 60947-2-98)]

автоматический выключатель
-
[IEV number 442-05-01]

EN

circuit breaker
a mechanical switching device, capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions and also making, carrying for a specified time and breaking currents under specified abnormal circuit conditions such as those of short circuit.
[IEC 62271-100, ed. 2.0 (2008-04)]
[IEV number 442-05-01]

circuit breaker
A device designed to open and close a circuit by nonautomatic means and to open the circuit automatically on a predetermined overcurrent without damage to itself when properly applied within its rating.
NOTE The automatic opening means can be integral, direct acting with the circuit breaker, or remote from the circuit breaker.
Adjustable (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that the circuit breaker can be set to trip at various values of current, time, or both within a predetermined range. Instantaneous-trip (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that no delay is purposely introduced in the tripping action of the circuit breaker.
Inverse-time (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating a delay is purposely introduced in the tripping action of the circuit breaker, which delay decreases as the magnitude of the current increases.
Nonadjustable (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that the circuit breaker does not have any adjustment to alter the value of current at which it will trip or the time required for its operation.
Setting (of a circuit breaker). The value of current, time, or both at which an adjustable circuit breaker is set to trip.
[National Electrical Cod]

FR

disjoncteur
appareil mécanique de connexion capable d’établir, de supporter et d’interrompre des courants dans les conditions normales du circuit, ainsi que d’établir, de supporter pendant une durée spécifiée et d’in- terrompre des courants dans des conditions anormales spécifiées du circuit telles que celles du court-circuit.
[IEC 62271-100, ed. 2.0 (2008-04)]
[IEV number 442-05-01]

  ¹⁾  Должно быть контактный коммутационный аппарат
[Интент] 

 

автоматический выключатель
Механический коммутационный аппарат¹⁾, способный включать, проводить и отключать токи при нормальном состоянии электрической цепи, а также включать, проводить в течение заданного времени и автоматически отключать токи в указанном аномальном состоянии электрической цепи, например, при коротком замыкании.
(МЭС 441-14-20)
[ ГОСТ Р 50030. 2-99 ( МЭК 60947-2-98)]

автоматический выключатель
-
[IEV number 442-05-01]

EN

circuit breaker
a mechanical switching device, capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions and also making, carrying for a specified time and breaking currents under specified abnormal circuit conditions such as those of short circuit.
[IEC 62271-100, ed. 2.0 (2008-04)]
[IEV number 442-05-01]

circuit breaker
A device designed to open and close a circuit by nonautomatic means and to open the circuit automatically on a predetermined overcurrent without damage to itself when properly applied within its rating.
NOTE The automatic opening means can be integral, direct acting with the circuit breaker, or remote from the circuit breaker.
Adjustable (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that the circuit breaker can be set to trip at various values of current, time, or both within a predetermined range. Instantaneous-trip (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that no delay is purposely introduced in the tripping action of the circuit breaker.
Inverse-time (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating a delay is purposely introduced in the tripping action of the circuit breaker, which delay decreases as the magnitude of the current increases.
Nonadjustable (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that the circuit breaker does not have any adjustment to alter the value of current at which it will trip or the time required for its operation.
Setting (of a circuit breaker). The value of current, time, or both at which an adjustable circuit breaker is set to trip.
[National Electrical Cod]

FR

disjoncteur
appareil mécanique de connexion capable d’établir, de supporter et d’interrompre des courants dans les conditions normales du circuit, ainsi que d’établir, de supporter pendant une durée spécifiée et d’in- terrompre des courants dans des conditions anormales spécifiées du circuit telles que celles du court-circuit.
[IEC 62271-100, ed. 2.0 (2008-04)]
[IEV number 442-05-01]

  ¹⁾  Должно быть контактный коммутационный аппарат
[Интент] 

 

автоматический выключатель
Механический коммутационный аппарат¹⁾, способный включать, проводить и отключать токи при нормальном состоянии электрической цепи, а также включать, проводить в течение заданного времени и автоматически отключать токи в указанном аномальном состоянии электрической цепи, например, при коротком замыкании.
(МЭС 441-14-20)
[ ГОСТ Р 50030. 2-99 ( МЭК 60947-2-98)]

автоматический выключатель
-
[IEV number 442-05-01]

EN

circuit breaker
a mechanical switching device, capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions and also making, carrying for a specified time and breaking currents under specified abnormal circuit conditions such as those of short circuit.
[IEC 62271-100, ed. 2.0 (2008-04)]
[IEV number 442-05-01]

circuit breaker
A device designed to open and close a circuit by nonautomatic means and to open the circuit automatically on a predetermined overcurrent without damage to itself when properly applied within its rating.
NOTE The automatic opening means can be integral, direct acting with the circuit breaker, or remote from the circuit breaker.
Adjustable (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that the circuit breaker can be set to trip at various values of current, time, or both within a predetermined range. Instantaneous-trip (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that no delay is purposely introduced in the tripping action of the circuit breaker.
Inverse-time (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating a delay is purposely introduced in the tripping action of the circuit breaker, which delay decreases as the magnitude of the current increases.
Nonadjustable (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that the circuit breaker does not have any adjustment to alter the value of current at which it will trip or the time required for its operation.
Setting (of a circuit breaker). The value of current, time, or both at which an adjustable circuit breaker is set to trip.
[National Electrical Cod]

FR

disjoncteur
appareil mécanique de connexion capable d’établir, de supporter et d’interrompre des courants dans les conditions normales du circuit, ainsi que d’établir, de supporter pendant une durée spécifiée et d’in- terrompre des courants dans des conditions anormales spécifiées du circuit telles que celles du court-circuit.
[IEC 62271-100, ed. 2.0 (2008-04)]
[IEV number 442-05-01]

  ¹⁾  Должно быть контактный коммутационный аппарат
[Интент] 

 

автоматический выключатель
Механический коммутационный аппарат¹⁾, способный включать, проводить и отключать токи при нормальном состоянии электрической цепи, а также включать, проводить в течение заданного времени и автоматически отключать токи в указанном аномальном состоянии электрической цепи, например, при коротком замыкании.
(МЭС 441-14-20)
[ ГОСТ Р 50030. 2-99 ( МЭК 60947-2-98)]

автоматический выключатель
-
[IEV number 442-05-01]

EN

circuit breaker
a mechanical switching device, capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions and also making, carrying for a specified time and breaking currents under specified abnormal circuit conditions such as those of short circuit.
[IEC 62271-100, ed. 2.0 (2008-04)]
[IEV number 442-05-01]

circuit breaker
A device designed to open and close a circuit by nonautomatic means and to open the circuit automatically on a predetermined overcurrent without damage to itself when properly applied within its rating.
NOTE The automatic opening means can be integral, direct acting with the circuit breaker, or remote from the circuit breaker.
Adjustable (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that the circuit breaker can be set to trip at various values of current, time, or both within a predetermined range. Instantaneous-trip (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that no delay is purposely introduced in the tripping action of the circuit breaker.
Inverse-time (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating a delay is purposely introduced in the tripping action of the circuit breaker, which delay decreases as the magnitude of the current increases.
Nonadjustable (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that the circuit breaker does not have any adjustment to alter the value of current at which it will trip or the time required for its operation.
Setting (of a circuit breaker). The value of current, time, or both at which an adjustable circuit breaker is set to trip.
[National Electrical Cod]

FR

disjoncteur
appareil mécanique de connexion capable d’établir, de supporter et d’interrompre des courants dans les conditions normales du circuit, ainsi que d’établir, de supporter pendant une durée spécifiée et d’in- terrompre des courants dans des conditions anormales spécifiées du circuit telles que celles du court-circuit.
[IEC 62271-100, ed. 2.0 (2008-04)]
[IEV number 442-05-01]

  ¹⁾  Должно быть контактный коммутационный аппарат
[Интент] 

 

автоматический выключатель
Механический коммутационный аппарат¹⁾, способный включать, проводить и отключать токи при нормальном состоянии электрической цепи, а также включать, проводить в течение заданного времени и автоматически отключать токи в указанном аномальном состоянии электрической цепи, например, при коротком замыкании.
(МЭС 441-14-20)
[ ГОСТ Р 50030. 2-99 ( МЭК 60947-2-98)]

автоматический выключатель
-
[IEV number 442-05-01]

EN

circuit breaker
a mechanical switching device, capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions and also making, carrying for a specified time and breaking currents under specified abnormal circuit conditions such as those of short circuit.
[IEC 62271-100, ed. 2.0 (2008-04)]
[IEV number 442-05-01]

circuit breaker
A device designed to open and close a circuit by nonautomatic means and to open the circuit automatically on a predetermined overcurrent without damage to itself when properly applied within its rating.
NOTE The automatic opening means can be integral, direct acting with the circuit breaker, or remote from the circuit breaker.
Adjustable (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that the circuit breaker can be set to trip at various values of current, time, or both within a predetermined range. Instantaneous-trip (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that no delay is purposely introduced in the tripping action of the circuit breaker.
Inverse-time (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating a delay is purposely introduced in the tripping action of the circuit breaker, which delay decreases as the magnitude of the current increases.
Nonadjustable (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that the circuit breaker does not have any adjustment to alter the value of current at which it will trip or the time required for its operation.
Setting (of a circuit breaker). The value of current, time, or both at which an adjustable circuit breaker is set to trip.
[National Electrical Cod]

FR

disjoncteur
appareil mécanique de connexion capable d’établir, de supporter et d’interrompre des courants dans les conditions normales du circuit, ainsi que d’établir, de supporter pendant une durée spécifiée et d’in- terrompre des courants dans des conditions anormales spécifiées du circuit telles que celles du court-circuit.
[IEC 62271-100, ed. 2.0 (2008-04)]
[IEV number 442-05-01]

  ¹⁾  Должно быть контактный коммутационный аппарат
[Интент] 

 

автоматический выключатель
Механический коммутационный аппарат¹⁾, способный включать, проводить и отключать токи при нормальном состоянии электрической цепи, а также включать, проводить в течение заданного времени и автоматически отключать токи в указанном аномальном состоянии электрической цепи, например, при коротком замыкании.
(МЭС 441-14-20)
[ ГОСТ Р 50030. 2-99 ( МЭК 60947-2-98)]

автоматический выключатель
-
[IEV number 442-05-01]

EN

circuit breaker
a mechanical switching device, capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions and also making, carrying for a specified time and breaking currents under specified abnormal circuit conditions such as those of short circuit.
[IEC 62271-100, ed. 2.0 (2008-04)]
[IEV number 442-05-01]

circuit breaker
A device designed to open and close a circuit by nonautomatic means and to open the circuit automatically on a predetermined overcurrent without damage to itself when properly applied within its rating.
NOTE The automatic opening means can be integral, direct acting with the circuit breaker, or remote from the circuit breaker.
Adjustable (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that the circuit breaker can be set to trip at various values of current, time, or both within a predetermined range. Instantaneous-trip (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that no delay is purposely introduced in the tripping action of the circuit breaker.
Inverse-time (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating a delay is purposely introduced in the tripping action of the circuit breaker, which delay decreases as the magnitude of the current increases.
Nonadjustable (as applied to circuit breakers). A qualifying term indicating that the circuit breaker does not have any adjustment to alter the value of current at which it will trip or the time required for its operation.
Setting (of a circuit breaker). The value of current, time, or both at which an adjustable circuit breaker is set to trip.
[National Electrical Cod]

FR

disjoncteur
appareil mécanique de connexion capable d’établir, de supporter et d’interrompre des courants dans les conditions normales du circuit, ainsi que d’établir, de supporter pendant une durée spécifiée et d’in- terrompre des courants dans des conditions anormales spécifiées du circuit telles que celles du court-circuit.
[IEC 62271-100, ed. 2.0 (2008-04)]
[IEV number 442-05-01]

  ¹⁾  Должно быть контактный коммутационный аппарат
[Интент] 

 

автоматический выключатель, управляемый дифференциальным током
Контактный коммутационный аппарат, предназначенный для включения, проведения и отключения токов при нормальных условиях электрической цепи, а также отключения электрической цепи в случае, когда значение дифференциального тока достигает заданной величины в определенных условиях.
[Перевод Интент]

EN

residual current-operated circuit-breaker
mechanical switching device designed to make, carry and break currents under normal service conditions and to cause the opening of the contacts when the residual current attains a given value under specified conditions.
[IEC 62335, ed. 1.0 (2008-07)]

FR

interrupteur à courant différentiel résiduel
appareil mécanique de connexion destiné à établir, supporter et couper des courants dans les conditions de service normales et à provoquer l'ouverture des contacts quand le courant différentiel atteint, dans des conditions spécifiées, une valeur donnée.
[IEC 62335, ed. 1.0 (2008-07)]

Недопустимые, нерекомендуемые

• автоматический выключатель остаточных токов
• автоматический выключатель с функцией защиты от тока утечки
• автоматический выключатель, управляемый остаточным током

Тематики

• выключатель автоматический

Классификация

>>>

Обобщающие термины

• аппарат защиты

Синонимы

• автоматический выключатель дифференциального тока

EN

• CBR
• circuit breaker incorporating residual current protection
• circuit-breaker incorporating residual current protection
• circuit-breaker with integrated residual current protection
• earth leakage circuit breaker
• ELCB
• RCCB
• residual current circuit breaker
• residual current circuit-breaker
• residual current-operated circuit breaker
• residual current-operated circuit-breaker

FR

• disjoncteur à protection par courant différentiel résiduel incorporée
• DPR
• interrupteur à courant différentiel résiduel

 

автоматический выключатель, управляемый дифференциальным током без встроенной защиты от сверхтока
-
[IEV number 442-05-03]

---

Управляемый дифференциальным током автоматический выключатель, не предназначенный для защиты от сверхтока.

EN

residual current operated circuit-breaker without integral overcurrent protection
RCCB (abbreviation)
a residual current operated switching device not designed to perform the functions of protection against overloads and/or short-circuits
[IEV number 442-05-03]
[IEC 61008-1, ed. 2.0 (1996-12)]

FR

interrupteur différentiel sans protection incorporée contre les surintensités
ID (abréviation)
dispositif de coupure différentiel non conçu pour réaliser les fonctions de protection contre les surcharges et/ou les courts-circuits
[IEV number 442-05-03]
[IEC 61008-1, ed. 2.0 (1996-12)]

Тематики

• выключатель автоматический

Обобщающие термины

• аппарат защиты

Синонимы

• ВДТ

EN

• pure residual current circuit-breaker
• RCCB
• residual current operated circuit-breaker without integral overcurrent protection

DE

• Fehlerstrom-Leistungsschalter ohne integrierten Überstromschutz

FR

• ID
• interrupteur différentiel sans protection incorporée contre les surintensités

 

вентилятор для продувки
(напр. рукавов рукавного фильтра на ТЭС)
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

Тематики

• энергетика в целом

EN

• purge fan
• PF

 

коэффициент мощности
Скалярная величина, равная отношению активной мощности двухполюсника к полной мощности.
[ ГОСТ Р 52002-2003]

коэффициент мощности (цепи)
Отношение активного сопротивления к полному сопротивлению при промышленной частоте в эквивалентной цепи, которая считается состоящей из последовательно соединенных индуктивного и активного сопротивлений
[ ГОСТ Р 52565-2006]

EN

power factor
under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active power P to the apparent power S:

NOTE – Under sinusoidal conditions, the power factor is the absolute value of the active factor.
[IEV ref 131-11-46]

FR

facteur de puissance, m
en régime périodique, rapport de la valeur absolue de la puissance active P à la puissance apparente S:

NOTE – En régime sinusoïdal, le facteur de puissance est la valeur absolue du facteur de puissance active.
[IEV ref 131-11-46]

Для синусоидального тока коэффициент мощности равен косинусу угла сдвига фаз между напряжением и током, т. е. равен Cos φ.
После того, как стали массово применяться такие нелинейные нагрузки, как компьютеры и другое офисное и телекоммуникационное оборудование, термин коэффициент мощности перестал быть синонимом термина Cos φ.

Тематики

• качество электрической энергии
• электромагнитная совместимость
• электроснабжение в целом
• электротехника, основные понятия

Близкие понятия

• контроллер коррекции коэффициента мощности

Действия

• коррекция коэффициента мощности

Синонимы

• коэффициент мощности двухполюсника

EN

• capacity factor
• PF
• power coefficient
• power factor

DE

• Leistungsfaktor

FR

• facteur de puissance

 

отказ детали (оборудования)
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

Тематики

• энергетика в целом

EN

• part failure
• PF

 

отказ элемента (системы)
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

Тематики

• энергетика в целом

EN

• part failure
• PF

 

плоский торец
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]

Тематики

• энергетика в целом

EN

• plain face
• pf

 

потокораспределение
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]

Тематики

• электротехника, основные понятия

EN

• load flow
• power flow
• PF

 

силовой предохранитель
-

ГОСТ 17242-86 - Предохранители плавкие силовые низковольтные. Общие технические условия.

Плавкий силовой предохранитель

Параллельные тексты EN-RU

Power fuses are suitable for the protection from a short-circuit, Overload current will not protected.
[LS Industrial Systems

Силовые предохранители предназначены для защиты от короткого замыкания и не защищают от токов перегрузки.
[Перевод Интент]

LS current limiting power fuse can protect the devices and systems from fault current by interrupting within half cycle.
[LS Industrial Systems]

Токоограничивающие плавкие силовые предохранители LS защищают аппараты и системы от тока короткого замыкания размыканием цепи в течение полупериода.
[Перевод Интент]

LS Prime-MEC power fuses are designed to protect equipments from fault current such as short-circuit, and generally used for the protection the circuits of transformers, capacitors and motors they protect.
[LS Industrial Systems]

Силовые предохранители LS Prime-MEC предназначены для защиты оборудования от токов неисправности, таких как короткое замыкание, и в основном применяются для защиты цепей трансформаторов, конденсаторов и электродвигателей.
[Перевод Интент]

Power fuses for combination with vacuum contactors.
[LS Industrial Systems]

Силовые предохранители, комбинируемые с вакуумными контакторами
[Перевод Интент]

Power fused type vacuum contactors, in-house tested according to IEC 60282-1, can provide short-circuit protection up to 40kA.
[LS Industrial Systems]

Контакторы, комбинированные с плавкими силовыми предохранителями, испытаны в соответствии с МЭК 60282-1 и обеспечивают защиту от токов короткого замыкания до 40 кА.
[Перевод Интент]

Power fuses can be installed into combination (G, GB) type contactors for the protection of equipments and systems from short-circuit.
[LS Industrial Systems]

Для защиты оборудования и систем от короткого замыкания контакторы с вариантом установки G и GB можно комбинировать с силовыми плавкими предохранителями.
[Перевод Интент]

Тематики

• предохранитель

Синонимы

• плавкий силовой предохранитель

EN

• PF
• power fuse

Смотри также

• Выключатель нагрузки с предохранителем или силовой выключатель

 

классификационный ток ОПН
Iкл
Амплитудное значение (более высокое амплитудное значение из двух полярностей, если ток асимметричен) активной составляющей тока промышленной частоты, которое используется для определения классификационного напряжения ОПН и нормируется изготовителем.
[ ГОСТ Р 52725-2007]

EN

reference current of an arrester
peak value (the higher peak value of the two polarities if the current is asymmetrical) of the resistive component of a power-frequency current used to determine the reference voltage of the arrester
NOTE 1 The reference current will be high enough to make the effects of stray capacitances at the measured reference voltage of the arrester units (with designed grading system) negligible and is to be specified by the manufacturer.
NOTE 2 Depending on the nominal discharge current and/or line discharge class of the arrester, the reference current will be typically in the range of 0,05 mA to 1,0 mA per square centimetre of disc area for single column arresters.
[IEC 60099-4, ed. 2.0 (2004-05)]

FR

courant de référence d'un parafoudre
valeur de crête (la plus grande des deux polarités si le courant est dissymétrique) de la composante résistive du courant à fréquence industrielle utilisée pour déterminer la tension de référence d'un parafoudre.
NOTE 1 Il convient que le courant de référence soit suffisamment élevé pour rendre négligeables les effets des capacités parasites aux tensions de référence mesurées sur les éléments de parafoudre (avec leur système de répartition) et qu’il soit spécifié par le constructeur.
NOTE 2 Fonction du courant de décharge nominal et/ou de la classe de décharge de ligne du parafoudre, il convient que le courant de référence soit typiquement dans la gamme de 0,05 mA à 1,0 mA par centimètre carré de surface de disque pour les parafoudres à colonne unique
[IEC 60099-4, ed. 2.0 (2004-05)]

Тематики

• высоковольтный аппарат, оборудование...

EN

• reference current of an arrester

FR

• courant de référence d'un parafoudre

 

максимальное реле или максимальный расцепитель тока с обратнозависимой выдержкой времени
Максимальное реле или максимальный расцепитель тока, срабатывающие с выдержкой времени, находящейся в обратной зависимости от значения сверхтока.
Примечание. Такие реле или расцепитель могут быть спроектированы так, чтобы при высоких значениях сверхтока выдержка времени достигала определенного минимального значения.
[ ГОСТ Р 50030. 1-2000 ( МЭК 60947-1-99)]

EN

inverse time-delay over-current relay or release
over-current relay or release which operates after a time-delay inversely dependent upon the value of the over-current
NOTE Such a relay or release may be designed so that the time-delay approaches a definite minimum value for high values of over-current.
[IEC 60947-1, ed. 5.0 (2007-06)]

FR

relais ou déclencheur à maximum de courant à temps inverse
relais ou déclencheur à maximum de courant qui fonctionne après un intervalle de temps qui varie en raison inverse de la valeur de la surintensité
NOTE Un tel relais ou déclencheur peut être prévu pour que le retard atteigne une valeur minimale définie pour les valeurs élevées de la surintensité.
[IEC 60947-1, ed. 5.0 (2007-06)]

Тематики

• расцепитель, тепловое реле
• реле электрическое

Классификация

>>>

EN

• inverse time-delay over-current relay or release

FR

• relais ou déclencheur à maximum de courant à temps inverse

 

полупроводниковое коммутационное устройство
-
[IEV number 442-04-19]

EN

semiconductor switching device
a switching device designed to make or break the current in an electric circuit by means of the controlled conductivity of a semiconductor in that circuit
NOTE – In a circuit where the current passes through zero (periodically or otherwise) the effect of "not making" the current following such a zero value is equivalent to breaking the current.
[IEV number 442-04-19]

FR

dispositif de coupure à semiconducteur
dispositif de coupure conçu pour établir ou couper le courant dans un circuit électrique au moyen de la conductivité contrôlée d'un semiconducteur dans ce circuit
NOTE – Dans un circuit où le courant passe par zéro (périodiquement ou autrement), le fait de ne pas rétablir le courant après un tel passage à zéro est équivalent à la coupure du courant.
[IEV number 442-04-19]

Тематики

• аппарат, изделие, устройство...

EN

• semiconductor switching device

DE

• Halbleiter-Schaltgerät

FR

• dispositif de coupure à semiconducteur

 

полупроводниковый коммутационный аппарат
Коммутационный аппарат, предназначенный для включения и/или отключения тока в электрической цепи в результате воздействия на регулируемую проводимость полупроводника.
Примечание. Определение отличается от формулировки МЭК 60050(441-14-03), так как полупроводниковый коммутационный аппарат рассчитан также на отключение тока.
[ ГОСТ Р 50030. 1-2000 ( МЭК 60947-1-99)]

EN

semiconductor switching device
a switching device designed to make the current in an electric circuit by means of the controlled conductivity of a semiconductor
[IEV number 441-14-03]

FR

appareil de connexion à semiconducteur
appareil de connexion conçu pour établir le courant dans un circuit électrique au moyen de la com­mande de la conductivité d'un semiconducteur
[IEV number 441-14-03]

Тематики

• аппарат, изделие, устройство...

EN

• semiconductor switching device

DE

• Halbleiterschaltgerät

FR

• appareil de connexion à semiconducteur

3.2.3 полупроводниковое коммутационное устройство (semiconductor switching device): Коммутационное устройство, созданное для включения и/или отключения тока в электрической цепи в результате воздействия на регулируемую проводимость полупроводника.

Примечание - Определение отличается от МЭК 60050(441-14-03) тем, что полупроводниковый прибор, использованный в полупроводниковом коммутационном устройстве, рассчитан также на отключение тока.

Источник: ГОСТ Р 51731-2010: Контакторы электромеханические бытового и аналогичного назначения оригинал документа

 

устройство дифференциального тока с выдержкой времени
-
[IEV number 442-05-05]

EN

time-delay residual current device
residual current device specially designed to attain a predetermined value of limiting non-actuating time, corresponding to a given value of residual current
[IEV number 442-05-05]

FR

dispositif différentiel temporisé
dispositif de coupure différentiel spécialement conçu pour obtenir une valeur prédéterminée du temps limite de non-réponse correspondant à une valeur donnée du courant différentiel
[IEV number 442-05-05]

Тематики

• аппарат, изделие, устройство...
• электроустановки

Обобщающие термины

• аппарат защиты

EN

• time-delay residual current device

DE

• verzögerte Fehlerstrom-Schutzeinrichtung

FR

• dispositif différentiel temporisé

3.3.12 УЗО с выдержкой времени (time-delay residual current device): УЗО, специально предназначенное для обеспечения заранее установленного значения предельного времени неотключения, соответствующего данному значению дифференциального тока.

Источник: ГОСТ Р МЭК 60755-2012: Общие требования к защитным устройствам, управляемым дифференциальным (остаточным) током оригинал документа

1) (towards; in the direction of: I cycled to the station; The book fell to the floor; I went to the concert/lecture/play.) a, hacia

2) (as far as: His story is a lie from beginning to end.) a, hasta

3) (until: Did you stay to the end of the concert?) hasta

4) (sometimes used to introduce the indirect object of a verb: He sent it to us; You're the only person I can talk to.) con, a

5) (used in expressing various relations: Listen to me!; Did you reply to his letter?; Where's the key to this door?; He sang to (the accompaniment of) his guitar.) a, para

6) (into a particular state or condition: She tore the letter to pieces.) en

7) (used in expressing comparison or proportion: He's junior to me; Your skill is superior to mine; We won the match by 5 goals to 2.) a

8) (showing the purpose or result of an action etc: He came quickly to my assistance; To my horror, he took a gun out of his pocket.) en; para

9) (tə used before an infinitive eg after various verbs and adjectives, or in other constructions: I want to go!; He asked me to come; He worked hard to (= in order to) earn a lot of money; These buildings were designed to (= so as to) resist earthquakes; She opened her eyes to find him standing beside her; I arrived too late to see him.) para

10) (used instead of a complete infinitive: He asked her to stay but she didn't want to.) (hacerlo)

1) (into a closed or almost closed position: He pulled/pushed the door to.) hasta cerrar

2) (used in phrasal verbs and compounds: He came to (= regained consciousness).) a

•

- to and fro

to prep

1. a

2. a / hasta

3. menos

4. para

tr[tʊ, ʊnstressed tə]

preposition

1 (with place) a

■ we're going to a concert vamos a un concierto

■ did you go to the bank? ¿fuiste al banco?

■ he was taken to the police station lo llevaron a la comisaría

■ I have been to lots of countries he estado en muchos países

■ I saw her on the way to the airport la vi camino del aeropuerto

■ they travelled from town to town viajaron de ciudad en ciudad

■ A is to the north/south/east/west of B A está al norte/sur/este/oeste de B

■ it's twenty miles to York York está a veinte millas de aquí

2 (towards) hacia

■ the Labour party has moved to the right el partido laborista se ha desplazado hacia la derecha

■ it's further to the north está más hacia el norte

■ he sat with his back to her se sentó de espaldas a ella

3 (as far as, until) a, hasta

■ from beginning to end desde el principio hasta el final

■ she can count up to 10 sabe contar hasta 10

■ from Monday to Friday de lunes a viernes

■ we work from 9 to 5 trabajamos de 9 a 5

■ her hair reaches down to her waist el pelo le llega hasta la cintura

■ I like all music, from Abba to ZZTop me gusta toda la música, desde Abba hasta ZZTop

■ it's accurate to within one second tiene un margen de error de menos de un segundo

4 (of time) menos

■ it's ten to two son las dos menos diez

■ it's nearly twenty to son casi menos veinte

■ a quarter to eight las ocho menos cuarto

■ there are only two weeks to Christmas faltan sólo dos semanas para Navidad

5 (with indirect object) a

■ I showed the letter to my mother le enseñé la carta a mi madre

■ she lent the book to her friend le dejó el libro a su amiga

■ I gave it to him se lo di a él

6 (for) de

■ the key to the safe la llave de la caja fuerte

■ he's secretary to the board es secretario del consejo de administración

■ what's the answer to question 4? ¿cuál es la respuesta a la pregunta número 4?

■ heir to the throne heredero al trono

7 (attitude, behaviour) con, para con

■ you've been very kind to us has sido muy amable con nosotros

■ be nice to her pórtate bien con ella

■ he was so rude to me se mostró muy grosero conmigo

8 (in honour of) a

■ we drink to his health brindamos a su salud

■ a monument to Churchill un monumento a Churchill

9 (touching) a, contra

■ he put his ear to the wall puso la oreja contra la pared

■ she clutched her bag to her chest se estrechó el bolso contra el pecho

10 (accompanied by) acompañado,-a de

■ we danced to the music bailamos al compás de la música

■ he left to loud shouts of disapproval se marchó entre gritos de desaprobación

11 (causing something) para

■ to my surprise, it was empty para mi sorpresa, estaba vacío

12 (as seen by) por lo que respecta

■ to a foreigner, it must seem awful para un extranjero, debe parecer terrible

■ to some people he was a hero, to others a traitor para algunos era un héroe, para otros era un traidor

13 (indicating comparison) a

■ I prefer tea to coffee prefiero el té al café

■ that's nothing to what I heard eso no es nada comparado con lo que he oído

14 (ratio) a

■ they won by fourteen points to ten ganaron por catorce puntos a diez

■ we lost by three goals to two perdimos por tres a dos

■ the odds are 50 to 1 las posibilidades son 50 contra 1

15 (per, equivalent) a, en

■ there are 100 pence to the pound hay 100 peniques en una libra

■ how much does your car do to the gallon? ≈ ¿cuánto gasta tu coche a los cien kilómetros?

16 (according to) según

■ to my way of thinking a mi modo de entender

■ is it to your taste? ¿es de su agrado?

■ I did it to the best of my ability lo hice lo mejor posible

■ contrary to all appearances en contra de todos los indicios

17 (result) a

■ wait until the light turns to green espera hasta que la luz cambie a verde

■ she was reduced to tears se deshizo en lágrimas

■ the party's rapid rise to power la rápida subida al poder del partido

■ he smashed it to pieces lo hizo pedazos

18 (in order to) para, a fin de

■ I worked overtime to earn some extra money hice horas extras para ganar más dinero

19 (used as object of many verbs)

■ she wants you to go away quiere que te vayas

20 (substituting infinitive)

■ would you like to dance? --I'd love to ¿te gustaría bailar? --me encantaría

■ she didn't want to go, but she had to no quería ir, pero no le quedaba más remedio

adverb

1 (of door) ajustada

■ push the door to ajusta la puerta

\

to and fro vaivén, ir y venir Table 1SMALLNOTA/SMALL Cuando se usa con la raíz del verbo para formar el infinitivo no se traduce/Table 1 ■ I want to help you quiero ayudarte

■ he tried to sell his car intentó vender su coche

to ['tu:] adv

1) : a un estado consciente

to come to: volver en sí

to and fro : de aquí para allá, de un lado para otro

to prep

1) (indicating a place) : a

to go to the doctor: ir al médico

I'm going to John's: voy a la casa de John

2) toward: a, hacia

two miles to the south: dos millas hacia el sur

3) on: en, sobre

apply salve to the wound: póngale ungüento a la herida

4) up to: hasta, a