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61 Jobs, Steven Paul
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 24 February 1955 San Francisco, California, USA[br]American engineer who, with Stephen Wozniak, built the first home computer.[br]Moving with his family to Mountain View, Palo Alto, in 1960, Jobs entered Homestead High School, Cupertino, in 1968. At about the same time he joined the Explorers' Club for young engineers set up by Hewlett-Packard Company. As a result of this contact, three years later he met up with Stephen Wozniak, who was working at Hewlett-Packard and helped him with the construction of the first home computer based on the 8-bit MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor. In 1973 he went to Reid College, Portland, Oregon, to study engineering, but he dropped out in the second semester and spent time in India. On his return he obtained a job with Atari to design video games, but he soon met up again with Wozniak, who had been unable to interest Hewlett-Packard in commercial development of his home computer. Together they therefore founded Apple Computer Company to make and market it, and found a willing buyer in the Byte Shop chain store. The venture proved successful, and with the help of a financial backer, Mike Markkula, a second version, the Apple II, was developed in 1976. With Jobs as Chairman, the company experienced a phenomenal growth and by 1983 had 4,700 employees and an annual turnover of US$983 million. The company then began to run into difficulties and John Sculley, a former president of Pepsi-Cola, was brought in to manage the business while Jobs concentrated on developing new computers, including the Apple Macintosh. Eventually a power struggle developed, and with Sculley now Chairman and Chief Executive, Jobs resigned in 1985 to set up his own computer company, NeXt.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFirst National Technology Medal (with Wozniak) 1985.Further ReadingJ.S.Young, 1988, Steve Jobs: The Journey is the Reward: Scott Foresman \& Co. (includes a biography and a detailed account of Apple Company).M.Moritz, 1984, The Little Kingdom. The Private Story of Apple Computers.KF -
62 Sperry, Elmer Ambrose
[br]b. 21 October 1860 Cincinnatus, Cortland County, New York, USAd. 16 June 1930 Brooklyn, New York, USA[br]American entrepreneur who invented the gyrocompass.[br]Sperry was born into a farming community in Cortland County. He received a rudimentary education at the local school, but an interest in mechanical devices was aroused by the agricultural machinery he saw around him. His attendance at the Normal School in Cortland provided a useful theoretical background to his practical knowledge. He emerged in 1880 with an urge to pursue invention in electrical engineering, then a new and growing branch of technology. Within two years he was able to patent and demonstrate his arc lighting system, complete with its own generator, incorporating new methods of regulating its output. The Sperry Electric Light, Motor and Car Brake Company was set up to make and market the system, but it was difficult to keep pace with electric-lighting developments such as the incandescent lamp and alternating current, and the company ceased in 1887 and was replaced by the Sperry Electric Company, which itself was taken over by the General Electric Company.In the 1890s Sperry made useful inventions in electric mining machinery and then in electric street-or tramcars, with his patent electric brake and control system. The patents for the brake were important enough to be bought by General Electric. From 1894 to 1900 he was manufacturing electric motor cars of his own design, and in 1900 he set up a laboratory in Washington, where he pursued various electrochemical processes.In 1896 he began to work on the practical application of the principle of the gyroscope, where Sperry achieved his most notable inventions, the first of which was the gyrostabilizer for ships. The relatively narrow-hulled steamship rolled badly in heavy seas and in 1904 Ernst Otto Schuck, a German naval engineer, and Louis Brennan in England began experiments to correct this; their work stimulated Sperry to develop his own device. In 1908 he patented the active gyrostabilizer, which acted to correct a ship's roll as soon as it started. Three years later the US Navy agreed to try it on a destroyer, the USS Worden. The successful trials of the following year led to widespread adoption. Meanwhile, in 1910, Sperry set up the Sperry Gyroscope Company to extend the application to commercial shipping.At the same time, Sperry was working to apply the gyroscope principle to the ship's compass. The magnetic compass had worked well in wooden ships, but iron hulls and electrical machinery confused it. The great powers' race to build up their navies instigated an urgent search for a solution. In Germany, Anschütz-Kämpfe (1872–1931) in 1903 tested a form of gyrocompass and was encouraged by the authorities to demonstrate the device on the German flagship, the Deutschland. Its success led Sperry to develop his own version: fortunately for him, the US Navy preferred a home-grown product to a German one and gave Sperry all the backing he needed. A successful trial on a destroyer led to widespread acceptance in the US Navy, and Sperry was soon receiving orders from the British Admiralty and the Russian Navy.In the rapidly developing field of aeronautics, automatic stabilization was becoming an urgent need. In 1912 Sperry began work on a gyrostabilizer for aircraft. Two years later he was able to stage a spectacular demonstration of such a device at an air show near Paris.Sperry continued research, development and promotion in military and aviation technology almost to the last. In 1926 he sold the Sperry Gyroscope Company to enable him to devote more time to invention.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsJohn Fritz Medal 1927. President, American Society of Mechanical Engineers 1928.BibliographySperry filed over 400 patents, of which two can be singled out: 1908. US patent no. 434,048 (ship gyroscope); 1909. US patent no. 519,533 (ship gyrocompass set).Further ReadingT.P.Hughes, 1971, Elmer Sperry, Inventor and Engineer, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press (a full and well-documented biography, with lists of his patents and published writings).LRD -
63 Weston, Edward
SUBJECT AREA: Electricity[br]b. 9 May 1850 Oswestry, Englandd. 20 August 1936 Montclair, New Jersey, USA[br]English (naturalized American) inventor noted for his contribution to the technology of electrical measurements.[br]Although he developed dynamos for electroplating and lighting, Weston's major contribution to technology was his invention of a moving-coil voltmeter and the standard cell which bears his name. After some years as a medical student, during which he gained a knowledge of chemistry, he abandoned his studies. Emigrating to New York in 1870, he was employed by a manufacturer of photographic chemicals. There followed a period with an electroplating company during which he built his first dynamo. In 1877 some business associates financed a company to build these machines and, later, arc-lighting equipment. By 1882 the Weston Company had been absorbed into the United States Electric Lighting Company, which had a counterpart in Britain, the Maxim Weston Company. By the time Weston resigned from the company, in 1886, he had been granted 186 patents. He then began the work in which he made his greatest contribution, the science of electrical measurement.The Weston meter, the first successful portable measuring instrument with a pivoted coil, was made in 1886. By careful arrangement of the magnet, coil and control springs, he achieved a design with a well-damped movement, which retained its calibration. These instruments were produced commercially on a large scale and the moving-coil principle was soon adopted by many manufacturers. In 1892 he invented manganin, an alloy with a small negative temperature coefficient, for use as resistances in his voltmeters.The Weston standard cell was invented in 1892. Using his chemical knowledge he produced a cell, based on mercury and cadmium, which replaced the Clark cell as a voltage reference source. The Weston cell became the recognized standard at the International Conference on Electrical Units and Standards held in London in 1908.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, AIEE 1888–9. Franklin Institute Elliott Cresson Medal 1910, Franklin medal 1924.Bibliography29 April 1890, British patent no. 6,569 (the Weston moving-coil instrument). 6 February 1892, British patent no. 22,482 (the Weston standard cell).Further ReadingD.O.Woodbury, 1949, A Measure of Greatness. A Short Biography of Edward Weston, New York (a detailed account).C.N.Brown, 1988, in Proceedings of the Meeting on the History of Electrical Engineering, IEE, 17–21 (describes Weston's meter).H.C.Passer, 1953, The Electrical Manufacturers: 1875–1900, Cambridge, Mass.GW -
64 standard
стандарт; норма; эталон; образец; проба || стандартный; нормальный; обычный
* * *
1. стандарт || стандартный2. эталон; образцовая мера; образец; норма; норматив3. технические требования; технические условияto abide by the standard — соблюдать стандарт;
to discard as a standard — аннулировать в качестве стандарта;
to revise the standard — пересматривать стандарт;
* * *
стандарт; нормаль; норма, эталон, образец
* * *
стандарт, нормаль, норма; эталон, модель
* * *
1) стандарт || стандартный2) эталон; образцовая мера; образец; норма; норматив3) технические требования; технические условия•to abide by the standard — соблюдать стандарт;
- ABC standardto revise the standard — пересматривать стандарт;
- acceptable standard
- acceptance standard
- agreed standard
- American standard
- American-British-Canadian standard
- ANSI standard
- association standard
- ASTM standard
- base standard
- basic standard
- branch standard
- Briggs standard
- British standard
- certification standard
- commercial standard
- company standard
- complete standard
- construction standard
- coordinated standard
- design standard
- documentation standard
- domestic standard
- draft standard
- drilling rig size standard
- engineering standard
- engineering performance standard
- experimental standard
- federal standard
- foreign standard
- fundamental standard
- gas standard
- general standard
- generic standard
- graphical standard
- group standard
- harmonized standard
- high cetene standard
- inadequate standard
- industrial standard
- industrial safety standards
- industry standard
- in-plant standard
- interim standard
- internal standard
- international standard
- legal standard
- limiting standard
- local standard
- maintainability standard
- maintenance standards
- mandatory standard
- master standard
- metric standard
- multilevel standard
- national standard
- new British standard
- occupational standards
- operating standard
- pass-off standard
- performance standard
- permissive standard
- plant standard
- practical standard
- presumptive standard
- primary standard
- prime standard
- procedural standard
- procedure standard
- process standard
- product standard
- production standard
- prohibitory standard
- pump jack size standard
- recommended standard
- regional standard
- reliability standard
- reliability-and-quality standards
- restrictive standard
- revised standard
- safety standard
- serviceability standard
- special standard
- state standard
- statutory standard
- storage serviceability standard
- suggested standard
- technical repair standard
- temporary standard
- tentative standard
- test standard
- trade standard
- trading standard
- United States standard
- universal standard
- universal maintenance standard
- voluntary standard
- voluntary product standard
- working standard
- workmanship standard
- written standard* * *Англо-русский словарь нефтегазовой промышленности > standard
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65 DM
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Myotonic Dystrophy, defensive midfielder, demand manager, менеджер по спросу, Disaster Management (управление действиями в чрезвычайных ситуациях)2) Компьютерная техника: DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) Module, Daisy May, Data Manipulation, Distributed Memory3) Биология: dry matter4) Спорт: Death Match, Desperation Move5) Латинский язык: Deis Manibus, Diis Manibus6) Военный термин: Decompression Monitor, Defence Minister, Defense Medal, Destroyer Minelayer, Dissemination Manager, decision maker, deployed missile, design manual, dispersal mine, documentation manager, draft manual, driving and maintenance, dynamic model, Ди-Эм (адамсит), адамсит (вещество раздражающего действия), adamsite7) Техника: Defense Minister, Delphy method, Doppler missile, damage monitor, data master, debugging mode, decameter, decoder matrix, deflection modulation, detecting magnetometer, detecting mechanism, detection mosaic, deterministic model, developmental-instrumentation MDM-mid, diffused mesa, dipole model, disconnecting manhole, docking module, drum, dry-mixed, dual-mode method, ДМ, дельта-модуляция8) Шутливое выражение: Definitely Martin9) Химия: Dipole Moment10) Железнодорожный термин: Detroit and Mackinaw Railway Company, Lake State Railway Company11) Экономика: прямые материалы (direct material)12) Бухгалтерия: direct materials13) Автомобильный термин: drive motor14) Биржевой термин: Discourse Marker15) Грубое выражение: Dumb Master16) Музыка: Death Metal17) Телевидение: drum motor18) Телекоммуникации: Delta Modulation, Disconnected Mode (HDLC)19) Сокращение: Adamsite (Chemical warfare vomiting agent), Depot Maintenance, Deutsche Marine (German Navy), District Manager, Dominica, Dungeon Master, demand meter, diesel mechanical, dressed and matched, diabetes mellitus20) Университет: Degree Merit21) Физиология: Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, Diastolic Murmur, Drosophila Melanogaster22) Электроника: Defect Management, Differential Mode, Digital Monolithic, data memory23) Вычислительная техника: data mining, data mode, decimal multiply, degraded minutes, Development Machine (Corel), Disconnect Mode (LAPB), организация данных24) Нефть: datum, dipmeter, drilling mud, буровой раствор (drill mud), пластовый наклономер (dipmeter), техническое обслуживание в ремонтной мастерской (depot maintenance)25) Банковское дело: немецкая марка (Deutsche Mark)26) Реклама: прямая почтовая рассылка27) Деловая лексика: Data Missing, Diaper Master, Direct Mail, Direct Marketing28) Инвестиции: Deutsche Mark, немецкие марки29) Сетевые технологии: data management, disconnect mode, disk mirroring, зеркальное дублирование, зеркальное отображение дисков, отображение дисков, режим передачи данных, режим разъединения, управление обработкой данных, Dense Mode, уплотнённый режим30) Программирование: Display Memory, Display Message, Draw More31) Сахалин А: HPU drilling module hydraulic power unit32) Химическое оружие: Design manager, adamsite, chemical nerve agent, demilitarization machine, director of management33) Нефть и газ: demineralized34) Электротехника: dependent mode, digital modulation35) Имена и фамилии: David Mayo36) Должность: Dark Mistress, Distinguished Merit, Drink Maker, Dutch Master37) Программное обеспечение: Directory Management38) Единицы измерений: Degree Of Methylation -
66 Dm
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Myotonic Dystrophy, defensive midfielder, demand manager, менеджер по спросу, Disaster Management (управление действиями в чрезвычайных ситуациях)2) Компьютерная техника: DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) Module, Daisy May, Data Manipulation, Distributed Memory3) Биология: dry matter4) Спорт: Death Match, Desperation Move5) Латинский язык: Deis Manibus, Diis Manibus6) Военный термин: Decompression Monitor, Defence Minister, Defense Medal, Destroyer Minelayer, Dissemination Manager, decision maker, deployed missile, design manual, dispersal mine, documentation manager, draft manual, driving and maintenance, dynamic model, Ди-Эм (адамсит), адамсит (вещество раздражающего действия), adamsite7) Техника: Defense Minister, Delphy method, Doppler missile, damage monitor, data master, debugging mode, decameter, decoder matrix, deflection modulation, detecting magnetometer, detecting mechanism, detection mosaic, deterministic model, developmental-instrumentation MDM-mid, diffused mesa, dipole model, disconnecting manhole, docking module, drum, dry-mixed, dual-mode method, ДМ, дельта-модуляция8) Шутливое выражение: Definitely Martin9) Химия: Dipole Moment10) Железнодорожный термин: Detroit and Mackinaw Railway Company, Lake State Railway Company11) Экономика: прямые материалы (direct material)12) Бухгалтерия: direct materials13) Автомобильный термин: drive motor14) Биржевой термин: Discourse Marker15) Грубое выражение: Dumb Master16) Музыка: Death Metal17) Телевидение: drum motor18) Телекоммуникации: Delta Modulation, Disconnected Mode (HDLC)19) Сокращение: Adamsite (Chemical warfare vomiting agent), Depot Maintenance, Deutsche Marine (German Navy), District Manager, Dominica, Dungeon Master, demand meter, diesel mechanical, dressed and matched, diabetes mellitus20) Университет: Degree Merit21) Физиология: Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, Diastolic Murmur, Drosophila Melanogaster22) Электроника: Defect Management, Differential Mode, Digital Monolithic, data memory23) Вычислительная техника: data mining, data mode, decimal multiply, degraded minutes, Development Machine (Corel), Disconnect Mode (LAPB), организация данных24) Нефть: datum, dipmeter, drilling mud, буровой раствор (drill mud), пластовый наклономер (dipmeter), техническое обслуживание в ремонтной мастерской (depot maintenance)25) Банковское дело: немецкая марка (Deutsche Mark)26) Реклама: прямая почтовая рассылка27) Деловая лексика: Data Missing, Diaper Master, Direct Mail, Direct Marketing28) Инвестиции: Deutsche Mark, немецкие марки29) Сетевые технологии: data management, disconnect mode, disk mirroring, зеркальное дублирование, зеркальное отображение дисков, отображение дисков, режим передачи данных, режим разъединения, управление обработкой данных, Dense Mode, уплотнённый режим30) Программирование: Display Memory, Display Message, Draw More31) Сахалин А: HPU drilling module hydraulic power unit32) Химическое оружие: Design manager, adamsite, chemical nerve agent, demilitarization machine, director of management33) Нефть и газ: demineralized34) Электротехника: dependent mode, digital modulation35) Имена и фамилии: David Mayo36) Должность: Dark Mistress, Distinguished Merit, Drink Maker, Dutch Master37) Программное обеспечение: Directory Management38) Единицы измерений: Degree Of Methylation -
67 dm
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Myotonic Dystrophy, defensive midfielder, demand manager, менеджер по спросу, Disaster Management (управление действиями в чрезвычайных ситуациях)2) Компьютерная техника: DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) Module, Daisy May, Data Manipulation, Distributed Memory3) Биология: dry matter4) Спорт: Death Match, Desperation Move5) Латинский язык: Deis Manibus, Diis Manibus6) Военный термин: Decompression Monitor, Defence Minister, Defense Medal, Destroyer Minelayer, Dissemination Manager, decision maker, deployed missile, design manual, dispersal mine, documentation manager, draft manual, driving and maintenance, dynamic model, Ди-Эм (адамсит), адамсит (вещество раздражающего действия), adamsite7) Техника: Defense Minister, Delphy method, Doppler missile, damage monitor, data master, debugging mode, decameter, decoder matrix, deflection modulation, detecting magnetometer, detecting mechanism, detection mosaic, deterministic model, developmental-instrumentation MDM-mid, diffused mesa, dipole model, disconnecting manhole, docking module, drum, dry-mixed, dual-mode method, ДМ, дельта-модуляция8) Шутливое выражение: Definitely Martin9) Химия: Dipole Moment10) Железнодорожный термин: Detroit and Mackinaw Railway Company, Lake State Railway Company11) Экономика: прямые материалы (direct material)12) Бухгалтерия: direct materials13) Автомобильный термин: drive motor14) Биржевой термин: Discourse Marker15) Грубое выражение: Dumb Master16) Музыка: Death Metal17) Телевидение: drum motor18) Телекоммуникации: Delta Modulation, Disconnected Mode (HDLC)19) Сокращение: Adamsite (Chemical warfare vomiting agent), Depot Maintenance, Deutsche Marine (German Navy), District Manager, Dominica, Dungeon Master, demand meter, diesel mechanical, dressed and matched, diabetes mellitus20) Университет: Degree Merit21) Физиология: Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, Diastolic Murmur, Drosophila Melanogaster22) Электроника: Defect Management, Differential Mode, Digital Monolithic, data memory23) Вычислительная техника: data mining, data mode, decimal multiply, degraded minutes, Development Machine (Corel), Disconnect Mode (LAPB), организация данных24) Нефть: datum, dipmeter, drilling mud, буровой раствор (drill mud), пластовый наклономер (dipmeter), техническое обслуживание в ремонтной мастерской (depot maintenance)25) Банковское дело: немецкая марка (Deutsche Mark)26) Реклама: прямая почтовая рассылка27) Деловая лексика: Data Missing, Diaper Master, Direct Mail, Direct Marketing28) Инвестиции: Deutsche Mark, немецкие марки29) Сетевые технологии: data management, disconnect mode, disk mirroring, зеркальное дублирование, зеркальное отображение дисков, отображение дисков, режим передачи данных, режим разъединения, управление обработкой данных, Dense Mode, уплотнённый режим30) Программирование: Display Memory, Display Message, Draw More31) Сахалин А: HPU drilling module hydraulic power unit32) Химическое оружие: Design manager, adamsite, chemical nerve agent, demilitarization machine, director of management33) Нефть и газ: demineralized34) Электротехника: dependent mode, digital modulation35) Имена и фамилии: David Mayo36) Должность: Dark Mistress, Distinguished Merit, Drink Maker, Dutch Master37) Программное обеспечение: Directory Management38) Единицы измерений: Degree Of Methylation -
68 eye
1. noun1) (the part of the body with which one sees: Open your eyes; She has blue eyes.) ojo2) (anything like or suggesting an eye, eg the hole in a needle, the loop or ring into which a hook connects etc.) ojo; agujero3) (a talent for noticing and judging a particular type of thing: She has an eye for detail/colour/beauty.) buen ojo
2. verb(to look at, observe: The boys were eyeing the girls at the dance; The thief eyed the policeman warily.) mirar, observar- eyeball- eyebrow
- eye-catching
- eyelash
- eyelet
- eyelid
- eye-opener
- eye-piece
- eyeshadow
- eyesight
- eyesore
- eye-witness
- before/under one's very eyes
- be up to the eyes in
- close one's eyes to
- in the eyes of
- keep an eye on
- lay/set eyes on
- raise one's eyebrows
- see eye to eye
- with an eye to something
- with one's eyes open
eye n ojoto keep an eye on vigilar / echar un ojocan you keep an eye on my suitcase? ¿me puedes vigilar la maleta?to see eye to eye opinar igual / estar de acuerdotr[aɪ]1 SMALLANATOMY/SMALL ojo2 (sense) vista3 (of needle, potato, storm) ojo1 (observe) mirar, observar; (look at longingly) echar el ojo a\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLall eyes were on... todas las miradas estaban puestas en...an eye for an eye ojo por ojoas far as the eye can see hasta donde alcanza la vistabefore somebody's very eyes delante de los propios ojos de alguieneyes right/left/front vista a la derecha/izquierda/al frentefor somebody's eyes only sólo para los ojos de alguienif you had half an eye si tuvieras dos dedos de frentein the eyes of the law según la Leyin the eyes of somebody / in somebody's eyes a ojos de alguien, para alguienmy eye! ¡y un pepino!not to be able to believe one's eyes no poder dar crédito a sus ojos, no poder creer lo que uno está viendonot to take one's eyes off something/somebody no quitar la vista de encima de algo/a alguien, no perder de vista algo/a alguiensomebody's eyes are bigger than their stomach comer con los ojosto be all eyes ser todo,-a ojosto be one in the eye for somebody suponer un chasco para alguiento be unable to look somebody in the eye no poder mirar a alguien a la carato be unable to take one's eyes off somebody/something no poder quitar la vista de encima de alguien/algoto be up to one's eyes in something estar hasta el cuello de algoto cast one's eyes over something / run one's eyes over something ojear algo, echar una ojeada a algoto catch somebody's eye llamar la atención de alguiento clap/lay/set eyes on somebody/something ver a alguien/algo, poner los ojos en alguien/algoto close one's eyes to something hacer la vista gorda a algoto eye somebody up and down comerse a alguien con los ojosto give somebody the eye lanzar miraditas a alguiento have an eye for something tener buen ojo para algoto have eyes in the back of one's head darse cuenta de todo, tener cien ojosto have one's eye on (watch) observar, vigilarto keep an eye open/out for somebody/something mantener los ojos bien abiertos por si se ve a alguien/algoto keep one's eyes peeled estar ojo avizorto look somebody in the eye mirar a alguien a los ojosto make eyes at somebody / make sheep's eyes at somebody dirigir miraditas a alguiento only have eyes for somebody / have eyes only for somebody sólo tener ojos para alguiento open somebody's eyes abrirle los ojos a alguiento see eye to eye with somebody estar de acuerdo con alguiento turn a blind eye to something hacer la vista gorda a algowith an eye to doing something con la intención de hacer algo, con miras a hacer algowith one's eyes open con los ojos abiertoswith one's eyes shut con los ojos cerradoswith the naked eye a simple vistaeye contact contacto oculareye shadow sombra de ojoseye socket cuenca del ojo, órbitaeye n1) : ojo m2) vision: visión f, vista f, ojo ma good eye for bargains: un buen ojo para las gangas3) glance: mirada f, ojeada f4) attention: atención fto catch one's eye: llamar la atención5) point of view: punto m de vistain the eyes of the law: según la ley6) : ojo m (de una aguja, una papa, una tormenta)n.• hondón s.m.• ojo s.m.• yema s.f.v.• mirar detenidamente v.• ojear v.
I aɪ1)a) ( Anat) ojo mto have sharp eyes — tener* (una) vista de lince, tener* ojo de águila
as far as the eye can/could see — hasta donde alcanza/alcanzaba la vista
I can't believe my eyes — si no lo veo, no lo creo, no doy crédito a mis ojos
to close o shut one's eyes to something — cerrar* los ojos a algo
to cry one's eyes out — llorar a lágrima viva or a mares
to have eyes in the back of one's head — tener* ojos en la nuca
to keep one's eyes open — (to avoid danger, problems) andarse* or ir* con cuidado; ( looking for something)
keep your eyes open for a restaurant — vete mirando or fíjate bien a ver si ves un restaurante
to keep one's eyes peeled o skinned — (colloq) (to avoid danger, problems) andarse* or ir* con mucho ojo (fam); ( looking for something) estar(se)* ojo avizor (fam)
to make eyes at somebody — hacerle* ojitos a alguien
to open somebody's eyes — abrirle* los ojos a alguien
to open somebody's eyes to something — hacerle* ver algo a alguien
to see eye to eye with somebody — (usu with neg) estar* de acuerdo con alguien, coincidir con alguien
with one's eyes shut o closed — con los ojos cerrados
to be up to one's eyes in something — estar* hasta aquí de algo (fam)
I'm up to my eyes in work — estoy agobiada or (fam) hasta aquí de trabajo
we're up to our eyes in debt — estamos cargados de deudas, debemos hasta la camisa (fam); (before n)
eye contact: to make/avoid eye contact with somebody mirar/evitar mirar a alguien a los ojos; at eye level — a la altura de la vista
b) (look, gaze) mirada fto cast o run one's eye over something — recorrer algo con la vista
to have one's eyes on somebody/something — no quitarle los ojos de encima a alguien/algo
in Mary's eyes he's perfect — para Mary or a ojos de Mary es perfecto
to keep one's eye(s) on something/somebody: keep your eyes on the road! no apartes la vista de la carretera!; keep your eyes on him no lo pierdas de vista; to look somebody straight in the eye mirar a alguien directamente a los ojos; she won't look me in the eye no se atreve a mirarme a la cara; he couldn't take his eyes off her no podía quitarle los ojos de encima; easy on the eye (colloq) agradable a la vista; to keep an eye on something/somebody vigilar or cuidar algo/a alguien; keep an eye on those two no pierdas de vista a esos dos, vigila a esos dos; to lay o set o (colloq) clap eyes on somebody/something: from the moment I laid o set o (colloq) clapped eyes on him/it desde el primer momento que lo vi; to turn a blind eye (to something) — hacer* la vista gorda (frente a or ante algo)
c) ( attention)the company has been in the public eye a lot recently — últimamente se ha hablado mucho de la compañía
d) ( ability to judge) ojo mto have an eye for design — tener* ojo or idea para el diseño
to have an eye for detail — ser* detallista
2)a) ( of needle) ojo mb) (of hurricane, storm) ojo mc) ( in potato) ojo m
II
a) ( observe) mirar, observarb) ( ogle) mirar, pasarle revista a (fam)[aɪ]1. N1) (gen) ojo m•
I couldn't believe my (own) eyes — no daba crédito a lo que veían mis ojosshe had a black eye — tenía or llevaba un ojo morado
•
to catch sb's eye — llamar la atención de algnhe accidentally caught her eye and looked away — su mirada se cruzó por casualidad con la de ella y apartó la vista
•
it was the biggest one I'd ever clapped eyes on — era el más grande que jamás me había echado a la cara•
to cry one's eyes out — llorar a moco tendido or a lágrima viva•
there wasn't a dry eye in the house — no había ojos sin lágrimas en todo el teatro•
to have an eye or a keen eye for a bargain — tener mucha vista or buen ojo para las gangas•
he's got his eye on you — (=monitoring) no te quita ojo, no te pierde de vista; (=attracted to) te tiene echado el ojoI've got my eye on that sofa in the sale — le tengo echado el ojo a ese sofá que vimos en las rebajas
•
she had eyes only for me — solo tenía ojos para mí, no tenía ojos más que para mí•
it hits you in the eye — salta a la vista•
in the eyes of — a los ojos de•
to keep an eye on sth/sb — (=watch) vigilar algo/a algn, echar una mirada a algo/algn; (=look after) cuidar algo/a algnkeep your eyes on the road! — ¡no quites los ojos de la carretera!
I'm keeping an eye on things while the boss is away — yo estoy al cargo del negocio mientras el jefe está fuera
•
to look sb (straight) in the eye — mirar a algn (directamente) a los ojos•
with the naked eye — a simple vista•
he couldn't keep his eyes off the girl — se le fueron los ojos tras la chica•
to keep an eye out or one's eyes open for sth/sb — estar pendiente de algo/algnkeep an eye out for the postman — estáte atento or pendiente a ver si ves al cartero
keep your eyes open for bag-snatchers! — ¡mucho ojo, no te vayan a dar el tirón!
I haven't seen any recently but I'll keep my eyes open — últimamente no he visto ninguno pero estaré al tanto
•
I saw it with my own eyes — lo vi con mis propios ojos•
to be in the public eye — estar a la luz pública•
eyes right/left/front! — ¡vista a la derecha/izquierda/al frente!•
to run one's eye over sth — (from curiosity) recorrer algo con la vista; (checking) echar un vistazo a algo•
the sun is in my eyes — me da el sol en los ojos•
he didn't take his eyes off her for one second — no le quitó los ojos de encima ni por un segundo•
with an eye to sth/to doing sth — con vistas or miras a algo/a hacer algo•
use your eyes! * — ¡abre los ojos!•
it happened before my very eyes — ocurrió delante de mis propios ojos•
under the watchful eye of — bajo la atenta mirada de- have eyes in the back of one's headhe must have eyes in the back of his head! — ¡no se le escapa una!
I haven't got eyes in the back of my head — iro ¿te crees que tengo ojos en la nuca o qué?
- give sb the glad eye- open sb's eyes to sth- keep one's eyes peeled- do sth with one's eyes- make sheep's eyes at sb- shut one's eyes to- be up to one's eyes- an eye for an eyeblind 1., feast 2., mind 1., 1), sight2) [of potato] yema f3) [of storm] ojo m4) (Sew) [of needle] ojo m; [of hook and eye] hembra f de corchete2.VT mirar detenidamente, observarshe eyed him sullenly/with suspicion — lo miró detenidamente con gesto hosco/con recelo
I didn't like the way they eyed me up and down — no me gustaba la forma que tenían de mirarme de arriba abajo
an expensive leather jacket I had been eyeing for some time — una cazadora de cuero muy cara a la que hacía tiempo (que) le había echado el ojo
3.CPDeye clinic N — clínica f oftalmológica
eye colour N — color m de los ojos
eye contact N — contacto m ocular
eye doctor N — (US) oculista mf
eye dropper N — cuentagotas m inv
eye examination N — examen m de la vista
eye pencil N — lápiz m de ojos
eye shadow N — sombra f de ojos
eye socket N — cuenca f del ojo
- eye up* * *
I [aɪ]1)a) ( Anat) ojo mto have sharp eyes — tener* (una) vista de lince, tener* ojo de águila
as far as the eye can/could see — hasta donde alcanza/alcanzaba la vista
I can't believe my eyes — si no lo veo, no lo creo, no doy crédito a mis ojos
to close o shut one's eyes to something — cerrar* los ojos a algo
to cry one's eyes out — llorar a lágrima viva or a mares
to have eyes in the back of one's head — tener* ojos en la nuca
to keep one's eyes open — (to avoid danger, problems) andarse* or ir* con cuidado; ( looking for something)
keep your eyes open for a restaurant — vete mirando or fíjate bien a ver si ves un restaurante
to keep one's eyes peeled o skinned — (colloq) (to avoid danger, problems) andarse* or ir* con mucho ojo (fam); ( looking for something) estar(se)* ojo avizor (fam)
to make eyes at somebody — hacerle* ojitos a alguien
to open somebody's eyes — abrirle* los ojos a alguien
to open somebody's eyes to something — hacerle* ver algo a alguien
to see eye to eye with somebody — (usu with neg) estar* de acuerdo con alguien, coincidir con alguien
with one's eyes shut o closed — con los ojos cerrados
to be up to one's eyes in something — estar* hasta aquí de algo (fam)
I'm up to my eyes in work — estoy agobiada or (fam) hasta aquí de trabajo
we're up to our eyes in debt — estamos cargados de deudas, debemos hasta la camisa (fam); (before n)
eye contact: to make/avoid eye contact with somebody mirar/evitar mirar a alguien a los ojos; at eye level — a la altura de la vista
b) (look, gaze) mirada fto cast o run one's eye over something — recorrer algo con la vista
to have one's eyes on somebody/something — no quitarle los ojos de encima a alguien/algo
in Mary's eyes he's perfect — para Mary or a ojos de Mary es perfecto
to keep one's eye(s) on something/somebody: keep your eyes on the road! no apartes la vista de la carretera!; keep your eyes on him no lo pierdas de vista; to look somebody straight in the eye mirar a alguien directamente a los ojos; she won't look me in the eye no se atreve a mirarme a la cara; he couldn't take his eyes off her no podía quitarle los ojos de encima; easy on the eye (colloq) agradable a la vista; to keep an eye on something/somebody vigilar or cuidar algo/a alguien; keep an eye on those two no pierdas de vista a esos dos, vigila a esos dos; to lay o set o (colloq) clap eyes on somebody/something: from the moment I laid o set o (colloq) clapped eyes on him/it desde el primer momento que lo vi; to turn a blind eye (to something) — hacer* la vista gorda (frente a or ante algo)
c) ( attention)the company has been in the public eye a lot recently — últimamente se ha hablado mucho de la compañía
d) ( ability to judge) ojo mto have an eye for design — tener* ojo or idea para el diseño
to have an eye for detail — ser* detallista
2)a) ( of needle) ojo mb) (of hurricane, storm) ojo mc) ( in potato) ojo m
II
a) ( observe) mirar, observarb) ( ogle) mirar, pasarle revista a (fam) -
69 streamline
['striːmlaɪn]1) (in design) dare forma aerodinamica a2) (make more efficient) rendere più efficiente, ottimizzare [distribution, production]; eufem. (cut back) ridurre, sfoltire il personale di [ company]* * *streamline /ˈstri:mlaɪn/n.(to) streamline /ˈstri:mlaɪn/v. t.2 (fig.) sveltire; rendere più efficiente; ottimizzare: to streamline a manufacturing process, ottimizzare un processo di fabbricazionestreamlineda.1 aerodinamico; affusolato: a streamlined car [boat], un'automobile [un'imbarcazione] aerodinamicastreamliningn. [uc]1 (tecn.) il rendere aerodinamico2 (fig.) snellimento; ottimizzazione: (econ.) the streamlining of production, l'ottimizzazione della produzione.* * *['striːmlaɪn]1) (in design) dare forma aerodinamica a2) (make more efficient) rendere più efficiente, ottimizzare [distribution, production]; eufem. (cut back) ridurre, sfoltire il personale di [ company] -
70 cover
I 1. ['kʌvə(r)]1) (protective lid, sheath) copertura f.; (for duvet, cushion) fodera f., rivestimento m.; (for table) copritavolo m.; (for umbrella, blade, knife) fodero m., guaina f.; (for typewriter, pan) coperchio m.2) (blanket) coperta f.3) (of book, magazine, record) copertina f.on the cover — (of book) sulla copertina; (of magazine) in copertina
4) (shelter) rifugio m., riparo m.under cover — al riparo, al coperto
5) (for spy, operation, crime) copertura f. ( for per)to blow sb.'s cover — colloq. fare saltare la copertura di qcn
6) mil. copertura f.to give sb. cover — coprire qcn
7) (replacement) (for teacher, doctor) sostituto m. temporaneo8) BE copertura f. assicurativa9) (table setting) coperto m.10) mus. cover version2.modificatore [design, illustration] di copertinaII 1. ['kʌvə(r)]1) (to conceal or protect) coprire [table, pan, legs, wound] ( with con); rivestire, ricoprire [cushion, sofa] ( with con); coprire, chiudere [ hole] ( with con)to cover one's mouth mettere la mano davanti alla bocca; to cover one's ears — tapparsi le orecchie
2) (coat) [dust, snow, layer] coprire, ricoprire [ground, cake]everything got covered with o in sand tutto fu coperto dalla sabbia; to be covered in glory — essere carico di gloria
3) (be strewn over) [litter, graffiti, blossom, bruises] coprireto cover sb.'s face with kisses — riempire di baci il viso di qcn
4) (travel over) coprire, percorrere [distance, area]; (extend over) estendersi per, occupare [ area]5) (deal with, include) [article, speaker] trattare [ subject]; [ term] comprendere, includere [meaning, aspect]; [ teacher] affrontare, spiegare [ chapter]; [rule, law] applicarsi a [situation, person]; [ department] essere competente per [area, activity]; [ rep] essere responsabile per [ area]6) (report on) [ journalist] seguire [event, subject]Ј 20 should cover it — colloq. 20 sterline dovrebbero bastare
8) coprire, assicurare [person, possession] ( for, against contro; for doing per fare); [ guarantee] coprire [costs, parts]9) mil. sport (protect) coprire, proteggere [person, advance, area of pitch]I've got you covered! — (threat) ti tengo sotto tiro!
2.to cover one's back — fig. coprirsi
to cover oneself — coprirsi, proteggersi
to cover oneself with — coprirsi di [glory, shame]
- cover up* * *1. verb1) (to put or spread something on, over or in front of: They covered (up) the body with a sheet; My shoes are covered in paint.) coprire2) (to be enough to pay for: Will 10 dollars cover your expenses?) coprire3) (to travel: We covered forty miles in one day.) percorrere4) (to stretch over a length of time etc: His diary covered three years.) coprire5) (to protect: Are we covered by your car insurance?) coprire6) (to report on: I'm covering the race for the local newspaper.) occuparsi di7) (to point a gun at: I had him covered.) tenere nel mirino2. noun1) (something which covers, especially a cloth over a table, bed etc: a table-cover; a bed-cover; They replaced the cover on the manhole.) copertura, coperta2) (something that gives protection or shelter: The soldiers took cover from the enemy gunfire; insurance cover.) riparo, copertura3) (something that hides: He escaped under cover of darkness.) protezione•- coverage- covering
- cover-girl
- cover story
- cover-up* * *I 1. ['kʌvə(r)]1) (protective lid, sheath) copertura f.; (for duvet, cushion) fodera f., rivestimento m.; (for table) copritavolo m.; (for umbrella, blade, knife) fodero m., guaina f.; (for typewriter, pan) coperchio m.2) (blanket) coperta f.3) (of book, magazine, record) copertina f.on the cover — (of book) sulla copertina; (of magazine) in copertina
4) (shelter) rifugio m., riparo m.under cover — al riparo, al coperto
5) (for spy, operation, crime) copertura f. ( for per)to blow sb.'s cover — colloq. fare saltare la copertura di qcn
6) mil. copertura f.to give sb. cover — coprire qcn
7) (replacement) (for teacher, doctor) sostituto m. temporaneo8) BE copertura f. assicurativa9) (table setting) coperto m.10) mus. cover version2.modificatore [design, illustration] di copertinaII 1. ['kʌvə(r)]1) (to conceal or protect) coprire [table, pan, legs, wound] ( with con); rivestire, ricoprire [cushion, sofa] ( with con); coprire, chiudere [ hole] ( with con)to cover one's mouth mettere la mano davanti alla bocca; to cover one's ears — tapparsi le orecchie
2) (coat) [dust, snow, layer] coprire, ricoprire [ground, cake]everything got covered with o in sand tutto fu coperto dalla sabbia; to be covered in glory — essere carico di gloria
3) (be strewn over) [litter, graffiti, blossom, bruises] coprireto cover sb.'s face with kisses — riempire di baci il viso di qcn
4) (travel over) coprire, percorrere [distance, area]; (extend over) estendersi per, occupare [ area]5) (deal with, include) [article, speaker] trattare [ subject]; [ term] comprendere, includere [meaning, aspect]; [ teacher] affrontare, spiegare [ chapter]; [rule, law] applicarsi a [situation, person]; [ department] essere competente per [area, activity]; [ rep] essere responsabile per [ area]6) (report on) [ journalist] seguire [event, subject]Ј 20 should cover it — colloq. 20 sterline dovrebbero bastare
8) coprire, assicurare [person, possession] ( for, against contro; for doing per fare); [ guarantee] coprire [costs, parts]9) mil. sport (protect) coprire, proteggere [person, advance, area of pitch]I've got you covered! — (threat) ti tengo sotto tiro!
2.to cover one's back — fig. coprirsi
to cover oneself — coprirsi, proteggersi
to cover oneself with — coprirsi di [glory, shame]
- cover up -
71 work
I 1. [wɜːk]1) (physical or mental activity) lavoro m.to be at work on sth. — lavorare a qcs., essere occupato a fare qcs.
to go to o set to o get to work mettersi al lavoro; to set to work doing mettersi a fare; to put a lot of work into dedicare molto impegno a [essay, meal, preparations]; to put o set sb. to work mettere qcn. al lavoro, fare lavorare qcn.; we put him to work doing l'abbiamo messo a fare; it was hard work doing è stato difficile o è stata una fatica fare; to be hard at work lavorare sodo, darci dentro col lavoro; your essay needs more work il tuo compito ha bisogno di altro lavoro; to make short o light work of sth. liquidare o sbrigare qcs. velocemente; to make short work of sb. liquidare qcn. o levarsi qcn. di torno rapidamente; it's all in a day's work è roba d'ordinaria amministrazione, fa parte del lavoro; it's hot, thirsty work — fa venire caldo, sete
2) (occupation) lavoro m., occupazione f., mestiere m.to be in work — avere un lavoro o un'occupazione
to be off work — (on vacation) essere in ferie, in permesso
to be off work with flu — essere a casa con l'influenza, essere assente a causa dell'influenza
to be out of work — essere disoccupato o senza lavoro
3) (place of employment) lavoro m.to go to work — andare al lavoro o a lavorare
4) (building, construction) lavori m.pl. (on a)5) (papers)to take one's work home — portarsi il lavoro a casa; fig. portarsi il lavoro, i problemi del lavoro a casa
6) (achievement, product) (essay, report) lavoro m.; (artwork, novel, sculpture) lavoro m., opera f. (by di); (study) lavoro m., studio m. (by di; on su); (research) lavoro m., ricerche f.pl. (on su)is this all your own work? — è tutta opera tua? (more informal) l'hai fatto tu?
7) (effect)2.to go to work — [drug, detergent] agire
1) (factory) fabbrica f.sing., officina f.sing.2) (building work) lavori m.3) colloq. (everything)3. II 1. [wɜːk]1) (drive)to work sb. hard — fare lavorare sodo o fare sgobbare qcn
2) (labour)to work days, nights — lavorare di giorno, di notte
3) (operate) fare funzionare, azionare [computer, equipment]4) (exploit commercially) sfruttare [land, mine]5) (have as one's territory) [ representative] coprire, fare [ region]6) (consume)to work one's way through — consumare [amount, quantity]
I've worked things so that... — ho sistemato le cose in modo che
9) (fashion) lavorare [clay, metal]10) (embroider) ricamare [ design] ( into su)11) (manoeuvre)to work sth. into — infilare qcs. in [slot, hole]
12) (exercise) fare lavorare [ muscles]13) (move)to work one's way through — aprirsi un passaggio tra, farsi largo tra [ crowd]
to work one's way along — avanzare lungo [ ledge]
2.it worked its way loose it worked itself loose si è allentato (poco a poco); to work its way into — passare, entrare in [bloodstream, system]
1) (engage in activity) lavorareto work at the hospital — lavorare in o all'ospedale
to work in oils — [ artist] dipingere a olio
to work towards — adoperarsi per, lavorare per raggiungere [solution, compromise]
2) (function) funzionareto work on electricity — funzionare o andare a corrente elettrica
3) (act, operate)it doesn't o things don't work like that le cose non funzionano così; to work in sb.'s favour to work to sb.'s advantage giocare, tornare a vantaggio di qcn.; to work against sb. to work to sb.'s disadvantage — giocare, tornare a sfavore di qcn
4) (be successful) [ treatment] essere efficace, fare effetto; [detergent, drug] agire, essere efficace; [plan, argument] funzionare3.1) (labour)2) (rouse)to work oneself into a rage — andare in collera, infuriarsi
•- work in- work off- work on- work out- work to- work up••* * *[wə:k] 1. noun1) (effort made in order to achieve or make something: He has done a lot of work on this project) lavoro2) (employment: I cannot find work in this town.) lavoro3) (a task or tasks; the thing that one is working on: Please clear your work off the table.) lavoro4) (a painting, book, piece of music etc: the works of Van Gogh / Shakespeare/Mozart; This work was composed in 1816.) opera5) (the product or result of a person's labours: His work has shown a great improvement lately.) lavoro6) (one's place of employment: He left (his) work at 5.30 p.m.; I don't think I'll go to work tomorrow.) lavoro2. verb1) (to (cause to) make efforts in order to achieve or make something: She works at the factory three days a week; He works his employees very hard; I've been working on/at a new project.) lavorare, far lavorare2) (to be employed: Are you working just now?) lavorare3) (to (cause to) operate (in the correct way): He has no idea how that machine works / how to work that machine; That machine doesn't/won't work, but this one's working.) funzionare, far funzionare4) (to be practicable and/or successful: If my scheme works, we'll be rich!) funzionare5) (to make (one's way) slowly and carefully with effort or difficulty: She worked her way up the rock face.) avanzare faticosamente6) (to get into, or put into, a stated condition or position, slowly and gradually: The wheel worked loose.) diventare7) (to make by craftsmanship: The ornaments had been worked in gold.) lavorare•- - work- workable
- worker
- works 3. noun plural1) (the mechanism (of a watch, clock etc): The works are all rusted.)2) (deeds, actions etc: She's devoted her life to good works.) meccanismo•- work-box
- workbook
- workforce
- working class
- working day
- work-day
- working hours
- working-party
- work-party
- working week
- workman
- workmanlike
- workmanship
- workmate
- workout
- workshop
- at work
- get/set to work
- go to work on
- have one's work cut out
- in working order
- out of work
- work of art
- work off
- work out
- work up
- work up to
- work wonders* * *I 1. [wɜːk]1) (physical or mental activity) lavoro m.to be at work on sth. — lavorare a qcs., essere occupato a fare qcs.
to go to o set to o get to work mettersi al lavoro; to set to work doing mettersi a fare; to put a lot of work into dedicare molto impegno a [essay, meal, preparations]; to put o set sb. to work mettere qcn. al lavoro, fare lavorare qcn.; we put him to work doing l'abbiamo messo a fare; it was hard work doing è stato difficile o è stata una fatica fare; to be hard at work lavorare sodo, darci dentro col lavoro; your essay needs more work il tuo compito ha bisogno di altro lavoro; to make short o light work of sth. liquidare o sbrigare qcs. velocemente; to make short work of sb. liquidare qcn. o levarsi qcn. di torno rapidamente; it's all in a day's work è roba d'ordinaria amministrazione, fa parte del lavoro; it's hot, thirsty work — fa venire caldo, sete
2) (occupation) lavoro m., occupazione f., mestiere m.to be in work — avere un lavoro o un'occupazione
to be off work — (on vacation) essere in ferie, in permesso
to be off work with flu — essere a casa con l'influenza, essere assente a causa dell'influenza
to be out of work — essere disoccupato o senza lavoro
3) (place of employment) lavoro m.to go to work — andare al lavoro o a lavorare
4) (building, construction) lavori m.pl. (on a)5) (papers)to take one's work home — portarsi il lavoro a casa; fig. portarsi il lavoro, i problemi del lavoro a casa
6) (achievement, product) (essay, report) lavoro m.; (artwork, novel, sculpture) lavoro m., opera f. (by di); (study) lavoro m., studio m. (by di; on su); (research) lavoro m., ricerche f.pl. (on su)is this all your own work? — è tutta opera tua? (more informal) l'hai fatto tu?
7) (effect)2.to go to work — [drug, detergent] agire
1) (factory) fabbrica f.sing., officina f.sing.2) (building work) lavori m.3) colloq. (everything)3. II 1. [wɜːk]1) (drive)to work sb. hard — fare lavorare sodo o fare sgobbare qcn
2) (labour)to work days, nights — lavorare di giorno, di notte
3) (operate) fare funzionare, azionare [computer, equipment]4) (exploit commercially) sfruttare [land, mine]5) (have as one's territory) [ representative] coprire, fare [ region]6) (consume)to work one's way through — consumare [amount, quantity]
I've worked things so that... — ho sistemato le cose in modo che
9) (fashion) lavorare [clay, metal]10) (embroider) ricamare [ design] ( into su)11) (manoeuvre)to work sth. into — infilare qcs. in [slot, hole]
12) (exercise) fare lavorare [ muscles]13) (move)to work one's way through — aprirsi un passaggio tra, farsi largo tra [ crowd]
to work one's way along — avanzare lungo [ ledge]
2.it worked its way loose it worked itself loose si è allentato (poco a poco); to work its way into — passare, entrare in [bloodstream, system]
1) (engage in activity) lavorareto work at the hospital — lavorare in o all'ospedale
to work in oils — [ artist] dipingere a olio
to work towards — adoperarsi per, lavorare per raggiungere [solution, compromise]
2) (function) funzionareto work on electricity — funzionare o andare a corrente elettrica
3) (act, operate)it doesn't o things don't work like that le cose non funzionano così; to work in sb.'s favour to work to sb.'s advantage giocare, tornare a vantaggio di qcn.; to work against sb. to work to sb.'s disadvantage — giocare, tornare a sfavore di qcn
4) (be successful) [ treatment] essere efficace, fare effetto; [detergent, drug] agire, essere efficace; [plan, argument] funzionare3.1) (labour)2) (rouse)to work oneself into a rage — andare in collera, infuriarsi
•- work in- work off- work on- work out- work to- work up•• -
72 registered
adjective[ins Standesregister] eingetragen [Taufe, Heirat]; [ins Handelsregister] eingetragen [Firma]; eingeschrieben, immatrikuliert [Student]; eingeschrieben [Brief, Post, Päckchen]registered disabled — ≈ Behinderter/Behinderte mit Schwerbehindertenausweis
by registered post — per Einschreiben
* * *adjective a registered letter.) eingeschrieben* * *reg·is·tered[ˈreʤɪstəd, AM -ɚd]adj inv registriert, gemeldet\registered charity eingetragene [o offiziell anerkannte] Hilfsorganisation\registered childminder professionelle Tagesmutter\registered Democrat/Republican AM POL demokratisches/republikanisches Parteimitglied\registered patent eingetragenes Patent\registered trademark eingetragenes Warenzeichen\registered vehicle amtlich zugelassenes Fahrzeug\registered voter eingetragener Wähler* * *['redZɪstəd]adjregistered capital — Grundkapital nt, Nominalkapital nt
a Y-registered car (Brit) — ein Auto nt mit dem Zulassungsbuchstaben Y
an American-registered ship — ein in Amerika registriertes Schiff
2) (POST) eingeschrieben, Einschreib-registered letter — eingeschriebener Brief, Einschreibbrief m
by registered post — per Einschreiben
* * *registered [ˈredʒıstə(r)d] adj1. allg registriert, eingetragen2. WIRTSCH, JURa) (handelsgerichtlich) eingetragen:registered office eingetragener (Haupt)Sitz (einer Firma etc)b) gesetzlich geschützt:3. WIRTSCH registriert, Namens…:registered bonds Namensschuldverschreibungen;registered capital autorisiertes (Aktien)Kapital;4. Postwesen: eingeschrieben, Einschreibe…:5. amtlich zugelassen (Fahrzeug):registered doctor approbierter Arzt;registered nurse US (staatlich) geprüfte Krankenschwester6. Tierzucht: Zuchtbuch…reg. abk3. registrar4. registry5. regular (regularly) regelm.6. regulation* * *adjective[ins Standesregister] eingetragen [Taufe, Heirat]; [ins Handelsregister] eingetragen [Firma]; eingeschrieben, immatrikuliert [Student]; eingeschrieben [Brief, Post, Päckchen]registered disabled — ≈ Behinderter/Behinderte mit Schwerbehindertenausweis
* * *(post) adj.eingeschrieben adj. adj.eingeschrieben adj.registriert adj. -
73 form
1. IIform in some manner form slowly (quickly, rapidly, readily, etc.) медленно и т. д. образовываться /возникать, появляться/; this year ice formed early and stayed late в этом году все рано замерзло и поздно оттаяло2. III1) form smth., smb. form a square (a circle, a pool, a cloud, etc.) образовать квадрат и т. д.; form the plural of a noun (the present participle of a verb, etc.) образовать множественное числе существительного и т. д.; the baby is able to form short words but unable to form sentences ребенок может произносить короткие слова, но не умеет составлять предложения; his lips could hardly form a word он с трудом мог слово вымолвить; water forms ice вода образует лед; form a garden разбить сад; form a class (a company, a society, a circle, a club, an orchestra, a regiment, an army, an alliance, etc.) организовывать /создавать, формировать/ группу и т. д.; form a square (a circle, a rhomb, etc.) построить квадрат и т. д.; form a queue образовать очередь; the president invited him to form a ministry президент предложил ему сформировать министерство2) form smth., smb. this essay forms part of my book этот очерк является частью моей книги; these parts together form a whole [взятые, составленные] вместе эти части образуют одно целое; he forms one of the family он член нашей семьи3) form smth. form the mind (the faculties) развивать ум (способности); form the character формировать характер; form an individual style вырабатывать индивидуальный стиль; form good habits вырабатывать хорошие навыки, приобретать хорошие привычки4) form smth. form a plan выработать /разработать/ план; form an opinion (a judgement) составить мнение (суждение); form a conclusion прийти к выводу /заключению/; you can form some idea of the ship's size вы можете составить представление о размере корабля; he formed an image of the girl ой представил себе облик этой девушки3. XI1) be formed the teacher explained to the class how the plural of English nouns is formed учитель объяснил классу, как в английском языке образуется множественное число существительных; be formed by smth. it is formed by decomposition (by erosion, by this process, etc.) это происходит /получается/ в результате распада и т. д., be formed upon /after/ smth. be formed after a pattern (upon a new model, etc.) сделать по трафарету и т. д.; this boat has been formed upon a modern design эта шлюпка построена по современному проекту2) be formed of smth. be formed of several parts (of a number of hills, etc.) состоять из нескольких частей и т. д; Japan is formed of four big islands Япония состоит из четырех крупных островов; Япония расположена на четырех крупных островах3) be formed at some place his habits were formed at school привычки у него сложились в школе; be formed by smb. his character was formed by his teachers ( by his parents, etc.) на формирование его характера повлияли преподаватели и т. д.4. XVI1) form in (on, across, etc.) smth. form in the sky (on the hills, on the ground, in the air, etc.) образовываться в небе и т. д.; crystals formed in the retort в реторте образовались кристаллы; clouds formed over the mountains над горами собрались тучи, а sheet of ice has formed right across the river ледяная пелена сковала реку; form in /into/ smth. form in /into/ line (in file, in fours, in companies, in ranks, etc.) (построиться в линейку и т. д.; form at some condition ice forms at a temperature of 32 "F лед образуется при тридцата двух градусах по Фаренгейту2) form in some place these ideas have long been forming in his mind эти мысли давно уже зрели в его уме; а plan was slowly forming in his mind у него медленно созревал план; form in (among, etc.) smb. a spirit of discontent was forming in (among) the people в народе зрел /нарастал/ дух недовольства5. XXI11) form smth. after /upon, in accordance with/ smth. form smth. after a pattern (after a mould, upon this model, in accordance with his design, etc.) создавать /строить/ что-л. по образцу и т. д.; form a sentence upon a certain pattern построить предложение по определенной модели; form smth. from /out of/ smth. form toys from wood (figurines out of plasticine, little animals from some strange substance, etc.) делать игрушки из дерева и т. д.; form a little goat out of clay вылепить козленка из глины; form a boat out of wood выточить кораблик из дерева; form nouns from adjectives образовать существительные от прилагательных; form a word from the initial letters of the title составить слово из начальных букв заглавия; form smth., smb. into smth. he formed the feather into a very good imitation of a butterfly он смастерил из перышка бабочку, очень похожую на настоящую; they formed themselves into a committee они организовали комитет, в который сами же и вошли; form smth., smb. in (to) smth. form a regiment into columns (a company into a line, the men in a file, etc.) построить полк колоннами и т. д., form smth. for smb., smth. form a class for beginners организовать класс для начинающих, form a schedule for one's journey составить маршрут путешествия2) form smb. by smth. form smb. by discipline ( by care, by severity, by attention, by tenderness, etc.) использовать дисциплину и т. д. в качестве меры воспитания кого-л., воспитывать кого-л. при немощи дисциплины и т. д. form smth. on /after/ smth. form one's style on good models развивать / совершенствовать/ свой стиль на хороших образцах -
74 Evans, Oliver
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 13 September 1755 Newport, Delaware, USAd. 15 April 1819 New York, USA[br]American millwright and inventor of the first automatic corn mill.[br]He was the fifth child of Charles and Ann Stalcrop Evans, and by the age of 15 he had four sisters and seven brothers. Nothing is known of his schooling, but at the age of 17 he was apprenticed to a Newport wheelwright and wagon-maker. At 19 he was enrolled in a Delaware Militia Company in the Revolutionary War but did not see active service. About this time he invented a machine for bending and cutting off the wires in textile carding combs. In July 1782, with his younger brother, Joseph, he moved to Tuckahoe on the eastern shore of the Delaware River, where he had the basic idea of the automatic flour mill. In July 1782, with his elder brothers John and Theophilus, he bought part of his father's Newport farm, on Red Clay Creek, and planned to build a mill there. In 1793 he married Sarah Tomlinson, daughter of a Delaware farmer, and joined his brothers at Red Clay Creek. He worked there for some seven years on his automatic mill, from about 1783 to 1790.His system for the automatic flour mill consisted of bucket elevators to raise the grain, a horizontal screw conveyor, other conveying devices and a "hopper boy" to cool and dry the meal before gathering it into a hopper feeding the bolting cylinder. Together these components formed the automatic process, from incoming wheat to outgoing flour packed in barrels. At that time the idea of such automation had not been applied to any manufacturing process in America. The mill opened, on a non-automatic cycle, in 1785. In January 1786 Evans applied to the Delaware legislature for a twenty-five-year patent, which was granted on 30 January 1787 although there was much opposition from the Quaker millers of Wilmington and elsewhere. He also applied for patents in Pennsylvania, Maryland and New Hampshire. In May 1789 he went to see the mill of the four Ellicot brothers, near Baltimore, where he was impressed by the design of a horizontal screw conveyor by Jonathan Ellicot and exchanged the rights to his own elevator for those of this machine. After six years' work on his automatic mill, it was completed in 1790. In the autumn of that year a miller in Brandywine ordered a set of Evans's machinery, which set the trend toward its general adoption. A model of it was shown in the Market Street shop window of Robert Leslie, a watch-and clockmaker in Philadelphia, who also took it to England but was unsuccessful in selling the idea there.In 1790 the Federal Plant Laws were passed; Evans's patent was the third to come within the new legislation. A detailed description with a plate was published in a Philadelphia newspaper in January 1791, the first of a proposed series, but the paper closed and the series came to nothing. His brother Joseph went on a series of sales trips, with the result that some machinery of Evans's design was adopted. By 1792 over one hundred mills had been equipped with Evans's machinery, the millers paying a royalty of $40 for each pair of millstones in use. The series of articles that had been cut short formed the basis of Evans's The Young Millwright and Miller's Guide, published first in 1795 after Evans had moved to Philadelphia to set up a store selling milling supplies; it was 440 pages long and ran to fifteen editions between 1795 and 1860.Evans was fairly successful as a merchant. He patented a method of making millstones as well as a means of packing flour in barrels, the latter having a disc pressed down by a toggle-joint arrangement. In 1801 he started to build a steam carriage. He rejected the idea of a steam wheel and of a low-pressure or atmospheric engine. By 1803 his first engine was running at his store, driving a screw-mill working on plaster of Paris for making millstones. The engine had a 6 in. (15 cm) diameter cylinder with a stroke of 18 in. (45 cm) and also drove twelve saws mounted in a frame and cutting marble slabs at a rate of 100 ft (30 m) in twelve hours. He was granted a patent in the spring of 1804. He became involved in a number of lawsuits following the extension of his patent, particularly as he increased the licence fee, sometimes as much as sixfold. The case of Evans v. Samuel Robinson, which Evans won, became famous and was one of these. Patent Right Oppression Exposed, or Knavery Detected, a 200-page book with poems and prose included, was published soon after this case and was probably written by Oliver Evans. The steam engine patent was also extended for a further seven years, but in this case the licence fee was to remain at a fixed level. Evans anticipated Edison in his proposal for an "Experimental Company" or "Mechanical Bureau" with a capital of thirty shares of $100 each. It came to nothing, however, as there were no takers. His first wife, Sarah, died in 1816 and he remarried, to Hetty Ward, the daughter of a New York innkeeper. He was buried in the Bowery, on Lower Manhattan; the church was sold in 1854 and again in 1890, and when no relative claimed his body he was reburied in an unmarked grave in Trinity Cemetery, 57th Street, Broadway.[br]Further ReadingE.S.Ferguson, 1980, Oliver Evans: Inventive Genius of the American Industrial Revolution, Hagley Museum.G.Bathe and D.Bathe, 1935, Oliver Evans: Chronicle of Early American Engineering, Philadelphia, Pa.IMcN -
75 Farman, Henri
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 26 May 1874 Paris, Franced. 17 July 1958 Paris, France[br]French aeroplane designer who modified Voisin biplanes and later, with his brother Maurice (b. 21 March 1877 Paris, France; d. 26 February 1964 Paris, France), created a major aircraft-manufacturing company.[br]The parents of Henri and Maurice Farman were British subjects living in Paris, but their sons lived all their lives in France and became French citizens. As young men, both became involved in cycle and automobile racing. Henri (or Henry—he used both versions) turned his attention to aviation in 1907 when he bought a biplane from Gabriel Voisin. Within a short time he had established himself as one of the leading pilots in Europe, with many record-breaking flights to his credit. Farman modified the Voisin with his own improvements, including ailerons, and then in 1909 he designed the first Farman biplane. This became the most popular biplane in Europe from the autumn of 1909 until well into 1911 and is one of the classic aeroplanes of history. Meanwhile, Maurice Farman had also begun to design and build biplanes; his first design of 1909 was not a great success but from it evolved two robust biplanes nicknamed the "Longhorn" and the "Shorthorn", so called because of their undercarriage skids. In 1912 the brothers joined forces and set up a very large factory at Billancourt. The "Longhorn" and "Shorthorn" became the standard training aircraft in France and Britain during the early years of the First World War. The Farman brothers went on to produce a number of other wartime designs, including a large bomber. After the war the Farmans produced a series of large airliners which played a key role in establishing France as a major airline operator. Most famous of these was the Goliath, a twin-engined biplane capable of carrying up to twelve passengers. This was produced from 1918 to 1929 and was used by many airlines, including the Farman Line. The brothers retired when their company was nationalized in 1937.[br]Bibliography1910, The Aviator's Companion, London (with his brother Dick Farman).Further ReadingM.Farman, 1901, 3,000 kilomètres en ballon, Paris (an account of several balloon flights from 1894 to 1900).J.Liron, 1984, Les Avions Farman, Paris (provides comprehensive descriptions of all Farman aircraft).Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War I, 1990, London (reprint) (gives details of all early Farman aircraft).J.Stroud, 1966, European Aircraft since 1910, London (provides details about Farman air-liners).JDS -
76 Henry, James J.
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 22 June 1913 Ancon, Panama Canal Zoned. 1986 USA[br]American naval architect, innovator in specialist cargo-ship design.[br]After graduating in 1935 from the Webb Institute of Naval Architecture, New York, Henry served in different government agencies until 1938 when he joined the fast expanding US Maritime Commission. He assisted in the design and construction of troop-carrying vessels, Cl cargo ships, and he supervised the construction of two wartime attack transports. At the end of hostilities, he set up as a consultant naval architect and by 1951 had incorporated the business as J.J.Henry \& Company Inc. The opportunities that consultancy gave him were grasped eagerly; he became involved in the conversion of war-built tonnage to peaceful purposes (such as T2 tankers to ore carriers), the development of the new technologies of the carriage of liquefied gases at cryogenic temperatures and low pressures and, possibly the greatest step forward of all, the development of containerization. Containerization and the closely related field of barge transportation were to provide considerable business during the 1960s and the 1970s. The company designed the wonderful 33-knot container ships for Sea-Land and the auspicious Sea-bee barge carriers for the Lykes Brothers of New Orleans. James Henry's professional achievements were recognized internationally when he was elected President of the (United States) Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers in 1969. By then he had served on many boards and committees and was especially honoured to be Chairman of the Board of Trustees of his graduating college, the Webb Institute of Naval Architecture of New York.FMW -
77 Mylne, Robert
[br]b. 1733 Edinburgh, Scotland d. 1811[br]Scottish engineer, architect and bridge-builder.[br]Mylne was the eldest son of Thomas Mylne, Surveyor to the City of Edinburgh. Little is known of his early education. In 1754, at the age of 21, he left Edinburgh by sea and journeyed to Rome, where he attended the Academy of St Luke. There he received the first prize for architecture. In 1759 he left Rome to travel back to England, where he arrived in time for the competition then going ahead for the design and building of a new bridge across the Thames at Blackfriars. Against 68 other competitors, Mylne won the competition; the work took some ten years to complete.In 1760 he was appointed Engineer and Architect to the City of London, and in 1767 Joint Engineer to the New River Company together with Henry Mill, who died within a few years to leave Mylne to become Chief Engineer in 1770. Thus for the next forty years he was in charge of all the works for the New River Company between Clerkenwell and Ware, the opposite ends of London's main water supply. By 1767 he had also been appointed to a number of other important posts, which included Surveyor to Canterbury Cathedral and St Paul's Cathedral. In addition to undertaking his responsibilities for these great public buildings, he designed many private houses and villas all over the country, including several buildings for the Duke of Argyll on the Inverary Castle estate.Mylne was also responsible for the design of a great number of bridges, waterworks and other civil engineering works throughout Britain. Called in to advise on the Norwich city waterworks, he fell out with Joseph Bramah in a somewhat spectacular dispute.For much of his life Mylne lived at the Water House at the New River Head at Islington, from which he could direct much of the work on that waterway that came under his supervision. He also had residences in New Bridge Street and, as Clerk of Works, at Greenwich Hospital. Towards the end of his life he built himself a small house at Amwell, a country retreat at the outer end of the New River. He kept a diary from 1762 to 1810 which includes only brief memoranda but which shows a remarkable diligence in travelling all over the country by stagecoach and by postchaise. He was a freemason, as were many of his family; he married Mary Home on 10 September 1770, with whom he had ten children, four of whom survived into adulthood.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFellow of the Royal Society 1767.Further ReadingDictionary of National Biography, London.A.E.Richardson, 1955, Robert Mylne, 1733–1811, Engineer and Architect, London: Batsford. -
78 Short, Hugh Oswald
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 16 January 1883 Derbyshire, Englandd. 4 December 1969 Haslemere, England[br]English co-founder, with his brothers Horace Short (1872–1917) and Eustace (1875–1932), of the first company to design and build aeroplanes in Britain.[br]Oswald Short trained as an engineer; he was largely self-taught but was assisted by his brothers Eustace and Horace. In 1898 Eustace and the young Oswald set up a balloon business, building their first balloon in 1901. Two years later they sold observation balloons to the Government of India, and further orders followed. Meanwhile, in 1906 Horace designed a high-altitude balloon with a spherical pressurized gondola, an idea later used by Auguste Piccard, in 1931. Horace, a strange genius with a dominating character, joined his younger brothers in 1908 to found Short Brothers. Their first design, based on the Wright Flyer, was a limited success, but No. 2 won a Daily Mail prize of £1,000. In the same year, 1909, the Wright brothers chose Shorts to build six of their new Model A biplanes. Still using the basic Wright layout, Horace designed the world's first twin-engined aeroplane to fly successfully: it had one engine forward of the pilot, and one aft. During the years before the First World War the Shorts turned to tractor biplanes and specialized in floatplanes for the Admiralty.Oswald established a seaplane factory at Rochester, Kent, during 1913–14, and an airship works at Cardington, Bedfordshire, in 1916. Short Brothers went on to build the rigid airship R 32, which was completed in 1919. Unfortunately, Horace died in 1917, which threw a greater responsibility onto Oswald, who became the main innovator. He introduced the use of aluminium alloys combined with a smooth "stressed-skin" construction (unlike Junkers, who used corrugated skins). His sleek biplane the Silver Streak flew in 1920, well ahead of its time, but official support was not forthcoming. Oswald Short struggled on, trying to introduce his all-metal construction, especially for flying boats. He eventually succeeded with the biplane Singapore, of 1926, which had an all-metal hull. The prototype was used by Sir Alan Cobham for his flight round Africa. Several successful all-metal flying boats followed, including the Empire flying boats (1936) and the ubiquitous Sunderland (1937). The Stirling bomber (1939) was derived from the Sunderland. The company was nationalized in 1942 and Oswald Short retired the following year.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsHonorary Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society. Freeman of the City of London. Oswald Short turned down an MBE in 1919 as he felt it did not reflect the achievements of the Short Brothers.Bibliography1966, "Aircraft with stressed skin metal construction", Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society (November) (an account of the problems with patents and officialdom).Further ReadingC.H.Barnes, 1967, Shorts Aircraft since 1900, London; reprinted 1989 (a detailed account of the work of the Short brothers).JDS -
79 Sikorsky, Igor Ivanovich
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 25 May 1889 Kiev, Ukrained. 26 October 1972 Easton, Connecticut, USA[br]Russian/American pioneer of large aeroplanes, flying boats, and helicopters.[br]Sikorsky trained as an engineer but developed an interest in aviation at the age of 19 when he was allowed to spend several months in Paris to meet French aviators. He bought an Anzani aero-engine and took it back to Russia, where he designed and built a helicopter. In his own words, "It had one minor technical problem—it would not fly—but otherwise it was a good helicopter".Sikorsky turned to aeroplanes and built a series of biplanes: by 1911 the 5–5 was capable of flights lasting an hour. Following this success, the Russian-Baltic Railroad Car Company commissioned Sikorsky to build a large aeroplane. On 13 May 1913 Sikorsky took off in the Grand, the world's first four-engined aeroplane. With a wing span of 28 m (92 ft) it was also the world's largest, and was unique in that the crew were in an enclosed cabin with dual controls. The even larger Ilia Mourometz flew the following year and established many records, including the carriage of sixteen people. During the First World War many of these aircraft were built and served as heavy bombers.Following the revolution in Russia during 1917, Sikorsky emigrated first to France and then the United States, where he founded his own company. After building the successful S-38 passenger-carrying amphibian, the Sikorsky Aviation Corporation became part of the United Aircraft Corporation and went on to produce several large flying boats. Of these, the four-engined S-42 was probably the best known, for its service to Hawaii in 1935 and trial flights across the Atlantic in 1937.In the late 1930s Sikorsky once again turned his attention to helicopters, and on 14 September 1939 his VS-300 made its first tentative hop, with Sikorsky at the controls. Many improvements were made and on 6 May 1941 Sikorsky made a record-breaking flight of over 1½ hours. The Sikorsky design of a single main lifting rotor combined with a small tail rotor to balance the torque effect has dominated helicopter design to this day. Sikorsky produced a long series of outstanding helicopter designs which are in service throughout the world.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsChevalier de la Légion d'honneur 1960. Presidential Certificate of Merit 1948. Aeronautical Society Silver Medal 1949.Bibliography1971, "Sixty years in flying", Aeronautical Journal (Royal Aeronautical Society) (November) (interesting and amusing).1938, The Story of the Winged S., New York; 1967, rev. edn.Further ReadingD.Cochrane et al., 1990, The Aviation Careers of Igor Sikorsky, Seattle.K.N.Finne, 1988, Igor Sikorsky: The Russian Years, ed. C.J.Bobrow and V.Hardisty, Shrewsbury; orig. pub. in Russian, 1930.F.J.Delear, 1969, Igor Sikorsky: His Three Careers in Aviation, New York.JDSBiographical history of technology > Sikorsky, Igor Ivanovich
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80 Wolseley, Frederick York
[br]b. 1837 Co. Dublin, Irelandd. 1899 England[br]Irish inventor who developed the first practical sheep shears and was also involved in the development of the car which bore his name.[br]The credit for the first design of sheep shears lies with James Higham, who patented the idea in 1868. However, its practical and commercial success lay in the work of a number of people, to each of whom Frederick Wolseley provides the connecting link.One of three brothers, he emigrated to Australia in 1854 and worked in New South Wales for five years. In 1867 he produced a working model of mechanical sheep shears, but it took a further five years before he actually produced a machine, whilst working as Manager of a sheep station in Victoria. In the intervening period it is possible that he visited America and Britain. On returning to Australia in 1872 he and Robert Savage produced another working model in a workshop in Melbourne. Four years later, by which time Wolseley had acquired the "Euroka" sheep station at Walgett, they tested the model and in 1877 acquired joint patent rights. The machine was not successful, and in 1884 another joint patent, this time with Robert Pickup, was taken out on a cog-gear universal joint. Development was to take several more years, during which a highly skilled blacksmith by the name of George Gray joined the team. It is likely that he was the first person to remove a fleece from a sheep mechanically. Finally, the last to be involved in the development of the shears was another Englishman, John Howard, who emigrated to Australia in 1883 with the intention of developing a shearing machine based on his knowledge of existing horse clippers. Wolseley purchased Howard's patent rights and gave him a job. The first public demonstration of the shears was held at the wool stores of Goldsborough \& Co. of Melbourne. Although the hand shearers were faster, when the three sheep that had been clipped by them were re-shorn using the mechanical machine, a further 2 lb (900 g) of wool was removed.Wolseley placed the first manufacturing order with A.P.Parks, who employed a young Englishman by the name of Herbert Austin. A number of improvements to the design were suggested by Austin, who acquired patents and assigned them to Wolseley in 1895 in return for shares in the company. Austin returned to England to run the Wolseley factory in Birmingham. He also built there the first car to carry the Wolseley name, and subsequently opened a car factory carrying his own name.Wolseley resigned as Managing Director of the company in 1894 and died five years later.[br]Further ReadingF.Wheelhouse, 1966, Digging Stock to Rotary Hoe: Men and Machines in Rural Australia (provides a detailed account of Wolseley's developments).APBiographical history of technology > Wolseley, Frederick York
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