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41 Palatium
Palātium, iī, n., I) der palatinische Berg in Rom u. der dort von Romulus angebaute Stadtteil, Cic. u. Liv.: poet. im Plur., herbosa Palatia, Tibull. 2, 5, 25. – Weil auf diesem Berge Kaiser Augustus und seine Nachfolger ihre Wohnung hatten, dah. II) der Palast, Palatia fulgent, Ov.: von den Wohnungen der Götter, Palatia caeli, Ov.: Palatia matris secreta, vom Tempel der Cybele auf dem Palatium, Iuven. – u. dah. wieder = kaiserlicher Hof, palatii decurio, Amm.: palatii annonae, die Gehalte der Hofleute, Amm.: in palatio peius cenare quam domi, Lact. – ⇒ Die erste Silbe lang b. Mart. 1, 70, 5. u.a.Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > Palatium
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42 potens
potēns, entis, PAdi. (possum), I) einer Sache mächtig = etw. vermögend, könnend, A) im allg.: efficiendi, Quint.: neque iubendi neque vetandi, imstande zu usw., Tac.: m. folg. Infin., Enn. ann. 333. Manil. 5, 168. Sil. 11, 594 sq. Ulp. dig. 16, 2, 10. § 1. Apul. met. 1, 8. – B) insbes.: 1) zu etwas fähig, armorum tenendorum, Liv.: regni, Liv.: neque pugnae neque fugae, Liv. – 2) mächtig, einflußreich, civis, civitas, Cic.: duo potentissimi reges, Cic.: potentissimus eius (generis humani) optimusque, das m. u. b. Glied desselben, Sen.: potens apud Afros decurio, Capit.: potens apud aliquem potentem, Sen.: pot. nobilitate, Ov., pecuniā, Tac.: centum oppidis potens Crete, Hor. – p. apud filium, Suet.: fortuna per omnia humana, maxime in res bellicas potens, von großem Einfluß (von großer Bedeutung), Liv. 9, 17, 3. – subst., ein Mächtiger, ein Großer, Sen. ep. 108, 5. Phaedr. 1, 5, 1; 1, 24, 1; 3, 5, 6: potens u. potentior, Ggstz. inops, Liv. 2, 3, 4 u. 9, 1, 8: Plur., Cic. ep. 9, 16, 5. Sen. de const. sap. 4, 1. Phaedr. 1, 30, 1 u. 2, 6, 1: Ggstz. inopes, Sall. hist. fr. 4, 61 (19), 17: Ggstz. humiles, Lact. 5, 14, 19. – 3) mächtig = tüchtig, stark, v. Pers., adulescens ingenio potens, Sen.: accusator potentior iure, Quint.: orator potentissimus, ein gewaltiger, Capitol. – m. ad u. Akk., postquam ad id parum potentes (nicht mächtig genug) erant, Liv.————9, 26, 16: nec legatus praetorius ad cohibendum potens, unvermögend zu usw., Tac. Agr. 7 extr. – m. in u. Abl., potentior in persuadendo, Lact.: in affectibus potentissimus, Quint. – m. Genet., fandi potentes, Auson. Mos. 400: divini (in der Weissagekunst), Apul. met. 9, 29: ambulandi potentissimus, ein tüchtiger Fußgänger, Boëth. cons. phil. 4, 2. p. 76, 2 ed. Obbar. – v. lebl. Subjj. = kräftig, wirksam, stark, durchschlagend, quaecumque herba potens ad opem, Ov. her. 5, 147: herba p. adversus ranas, Plin.: nihil est potentius auro, Ov.: verba, Ov.: odor potentissimus, Plin.: arma potentiora, Liv. – v. Beweisen = triftig, hoc argumentum parum potens est, Sen.: potentissima argumenta, Quint. – 4) einer Sache mächtig, über etwas herrschend, von etwas Herr, Herrscher, Beherrscher, potentes rerum suarum et urbis, Liv.: diva p. Cypri, von der Venus, Hor.: di tempestatum potentes, Verg.: Silvanus p. nemorum, Calp.: Iuppiter O. M. tempestatium divinarum potens, Corp. inscr. Lat. 8, 2609. – dum liber, dum p. mei sum, unabhängig, mein eigener Herr, Liv.: ex quo sui p. fuerit, Liv. – bildl., potens sui (= εγκρατώς εαυτοῦ, αυτάρκης), sich selbst beherrschend, mäßig, genügsam, Hor.: non p. mei eram; außer mir, Curt.: potens corporis, Herr über, Curt.: p. mentis, des Verstandes mächtig, Ov.: p. irae, Herr über seinen Zorn, Liv.: p. imperii, Herr über der Kommando, dem die Solda-————ten gehorchen, Liv.: p. consilii, Herr über seinen Entschluß, Liv.: animal p. leti, das töten kann, Lucan. – absol., mea est p., voll Anspruch, gebieterisch, Ter. heaut. 227 die Hdschrn. u. älteren Ausgg. (Bentley petax, Fleckeisen impotens, Wagner petens). – II) der etwas erlangt hat, A) eig.: voti, teilhaft, Ov.: pacis, Plaut.: iussi, der den Befehl vollzogen hat, Ov. – B) übtr., glücklich, dem es nach Wunsche geht, in amore, Catull.: parvo potens Fabricius, bei wenigem reich (zur Bezeichnung der Genügsamkeit), Verg. -
43 quondam
quondam, Adv. (eig. *quomdam), I) zu einer gewissen Zeit, u. zwar: a) übh., einmal, Cic. u. Suet. – b) zu gewisser Zeit, zu gewissen Zeiten, zuweilen, Cic. u. Verg. – II) insbes.: a) v. der vergangenen Zeit, einstmals, ehemals, Cic. u. Caes.: mit olim verb., Ter. eun. 246. – attrib. einstmalig, ehemalig, weiland (s. Dederich Dict. 2, 20. p. 285), Cyrus quondam rex, Curt. u. Iustin.: ab amico quondam, Dict.: tutor quondam, Spart.: T. Fabius quondam decurio, Corp. inscr. Lat. 3, 1214. – b) von der Zukunft, zu seiner Zeit, künftig, dereinst, einmal, Verg. u. Hor. – ⇒ arch. Nbf. condam, Corp. inscr. Lat. 8, 4546. -
44 curia
1) отдел, часть римск. народа; каждая из трех патрицианских триб - Рамнес, Тициес и Луцерес - распадалась на 10 курий, так что вместе всего 30 курий (1. 2 § 2 D. 1, 2); отсюда curiata les, закон, изданный в собраниях курий. 2) = ordo decurionum, сенат в муниципиях (1. 13 J. 1, 10. 1. 3 D. 3, 4. 1. 9 § 1 D. 4, 2. 1. 38 § 10 D. 48, 19. 1. 3. 4. C. 5, 27); заседание сенаторов: decuriones solemnitel in curiam convocati (1. 2 C. 10, 31); также должность декуриона (1. 14 eod.); отсюда curialis (subst.) = decurio, сенатор в муниципальных городах (1. 21. 22. 25. 31. 39. 47. 50. 51. eod.);curiali (adi.) касающийся курий, или т. н. curiales: cur. origo, sanguis, происхождение от декуриона (I. 32. 43. eod.);
cur. fortuno, должность декуриона (1. 62 eod.), cur. conditio (1. 63 pr. eod.);
c. nexus (1. 63 § 1 eod.);
cur. consortia (1. 66 eod.);
onera, munera (1. 35 64 eod.);
corpora, члены курии (1. 66 eod. cur. nuptiae (1. 3 C. 10, 34).
Латинско-русский словарь к источникам римского права > curia
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45 decurionatus
см. decurio s. 1.Латинско-русский словарь к источникам римского права > decurionatus
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46 lucrum
выгода, прибыль, прот. damnum (см. s. b);lucrari, lucrifacere, обогащаться, получать прибыль, выигрывать, напр. quantum lucrari potui, прот. quantum mihi abest (1. 13 pr. D. 46, 8);
non lucrari, прот. amittere (1. 27 D 4, 6. 1. 6 § 2 D. 23, 3. cf. 1. 28 D. 4, 3);
ne ex dolo suo lucrentur (1. 12 eod. cf. 1. 1 § 6 D. 2, 10. 1. 6 § 3 D. 3, 5. 1. 25 § 1 D. 44, 7. 1. 33 § 1 D. 41, 3. 1. 2 § 1 D. 41, 5. 1. 1 § 3 D. 47, 2. 1. 5 § 6. 1. 9 § 8 D. 41, 1. 1. 5 § 1 eod.);
lucrari s. lucrifacere dotem (1. 20 § 1. 1. 27 § 2. 1. 29 pr. 1. 30 § 1 D. 11, 7. 1. 10 § 1 D. 24, 3. 1. 11 § 4 D. 27, 6. 1. 6 D. 35, 2);
lucrif. hereditatem (1. 1 § 9 D. 29, 4);
superficiem (1. 86 § 4 D. 30. 1. 4. § 2 D. 10, 1. 1. 2 § 1 D. 18, 2);
pretium (1. 33 § 1 D. 5, 3. 1. 3 § 3 D. 43, 20);
lucro alicuius cedere (см. s. 6). Lucrum обоз. вооб. пользу, выгоду (1. 26 D. 39, 2). Lucrosus, выгодный, полезный, lucrosum esse alicui, прот. damnosum, captiosum esse, nocere (1. 1 pr. D. 4, 3. 1. 3 § 1 D. 14, 4. 1. 6 § 10 D. 42, 8);
hereditas lucr. (1. 9 § 3 D. 26, 8. 1. 17 D. 29, 4);
minus lucr. (1. 7 § 5 D. 4, 4. 1. 8 § 1 D. 28, 1). Lucrativus, касающийся имущественной выгоды, безвозмездный: causa lucrat,, причина, на основании которой приобретатель обогащается, не имея никаких расходов или издержек (1. 13 § 15 D. 19, 1. 1. 82 § 4 D. 30. 1. 4 § 14 D. 40, 1. 1. 5 D. 41, 3. 1. 17. 19 D. 44, 7. 1. 83 § 6 D. 45, 1); тк. causa, quae lucrativam habet acquisitionem (1. 4 § 31 D. 44, 4);
lucrat. possessio, владение, которое основывается на causa lucrat. (1. 2 § 1 D. 29, 4);
lucrat. res, вещи, приобретенные даром, безвозмездно;
lucrat. descriptio, iugatio, наложение подати на res lucrat, которую приобретал кто-нб. от т. н. Curialis (Decurio) (tit. C. 10, 35. 1. 1 § 3. 4 eod.);
lucrativorum (= donationum) inscriptiones (1. 22 cf. 1. 19 C. 1, 2).
Латинско-русский словарь к источникам римского права > lucrum
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47 municeps
(от munus capere), 1) гражданин муниципального города (1. 1 pr. § 1 D. 50, 1. 1. 14. 17 § 10. 1. 22 § 2. 1. 23 eod. 1. 6 § 5. 1. 18 § 22 D. 50, 4. 1. 18 D. 50, 16. 1. 228 eod.). 2) член городского совета, decurio (1. 4. 110. 130. 143. 144. 154 C. Th. 12, 1).Латинско-русский словарь к источникам римского права > municeps
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48 plebs
1) население Рима, которое образовалось из жителей покоренных соседних народов;plebeius, касающийся плебеев;
2) вооб. простой народ, чернь в городах, прот. decuriones, iudices (1. 5 C. 1, 55. l. 3 C. 3, 12. 1. 1 C. 9, 30);plebiscitum, решение плебеев в народном собрании наз. comitia tributa, которое имело обязательную силу для плебеев в пределах их трибы (Gai. I. 3 § 4 I. 1, 2. 1. 2 § 8. 9. 20. 21 D. 1, 2. 1. 1 § 1 D. 9, 2. 1. 238 pr. D. 50, 16).
plebeius, прот. decurio (1. 3 pr. D. 22, 5. 1. 9 § 15. 1. 10 § 2 D. 48, 19. 1. 7 § 2 D. 50, 2. 1. 14 § 4 D. 50, 4);
3) = coloni (1. 5 C. 12, 41).consularis (1. 11 D. 4, 3. 1. 1 § 2 D. 47, 18. 1. 3 § 2 D. 47, 20. 1. 3 C. 4, 63. 1. 12 C. 12, 1. 1. 8 pr. 1. 11 C. 9, 41).
Латинско-русский словарь к источникам римского права > plebs
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49 decuriātiō
decuriātiō ōnis, f [1 decurio], a dividing into decuriae: tribulium.* * *decuriatio tribulium -- voters - for corruption/intimidation
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50 decuriātus
decuriātus ūs, m [decurio], a dividing into decuriae: ad decuriatum convenire, L. -
51 decurionatis
decurionatis, decurionate ADJoffice/rank of military/municipal decurio; (squad commander/municipal senator) -
52 centurio
1.centŭrĭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [centuria], to divide into centuries (acc. to centuria, I.).I.Of land:II.agrum,
Hyg. Lim. p. 195 Goes.; cf. Fest. p. 53 Müll.—Of the army (only of infantry; cf. decurio), to arrange in centuries, assign to companies:B.cum homines in tribunali Aurelio palam conscribi centuriarique vidissem,
Cic. Red. Quir. 5, 13: rem gerit palam (Octavius); centuriat Capuae;dinumerat. Jam jamque vides bellum,
id. Att. 16, 9 fin.:juventutem,
Liv. 25, 15, 9:seniores quoque,
id. 6, 2, 6; 29, 1, 2:equites decuriati, centuriati pedites,
id. 22, 38, 3; so id. 10, 21, 4:Juventus Romana... equis delapsa se ipsam centuriavit,
i. e. reduced to infantry, Val. Max. 3, 2, n. 8: mulus centuriatus, for carrying provisions, Aur. ap. Vop. Aur. 7, 7.—Facetiously:III.eripiam ego hodie concubinam militi, Si centuriati bene sunt maniplares mei,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 3; cf. id. Curc. 4, 4, 29.—Of the people in the meeting of the council, only part. perf.: comitia centuriata, in which all the Roman people voted according to centuries (this was done in the choice of higher magistrates, in decisions in respect to war and peace, and, until Sulla's time, in questions affecting life or citizenship; cf. Messala ap. Gell. 13, 15, 4; Lael. Felix ib. 15, 27, 4; Cic. Red. Sen. 11, 27), Cic. Leg. 3, 19, 44:2.quod ad populum centuriatis comitiis tulit,
id. Phil. 1, 8, 19; Liv. 3, 55, 3; 8, 12, 15.—Facetiously:Pseudolus mihi centuriata capitis habuit comitia,
i. e. has sentenced me to death, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 134 Lorenz ad loc.—Hence, P. a.: centŭrĭā-tus, a, um, of or belonging to the comitia centuriata: Centuriata lex, advised in the comitia centuriata, Cic. Agr. 2, 11, 26.centŭrĭo (in many inscriptions before the time of Quintilian erroneously aspirated chenturio, like ch oronae, prae ch ones, etc., Quint. 1, 5, 20; cf. the letter C), ōnis, m. (access. form centŭrĭōnus, like curionus and decurionus, acc. to Fest. p. 49 Müll.) [centuria, II.], the commander of a century, a captain, centurion, occupying a station below the tribunus, Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 25; 6, 39; Cic. Balb. 15, 34; Sall. J. 59, 3; Liv. 2, 27, 6; 7, 41, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 73; cf. Dict. of Antiq. -
53 centurionus
1.centŭrĭo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [centuria], to divide into centuries (acc. to centuria, I.).I.Of land:II.agrum,
Hyg. Lim. p. 195 Goes.; cf. Fest. p. 53 Müll.—Of the army (only of infantry; cf. decurio), to arrange in centuries, assign to companies:B.cum homines in tribunali Aurelio palam conscribi centuriarique vidissem,
Cic. Red. Quir. 5, 13: rem gerit palam (Octavius); centuriat Capuae;dinumerat. Jam jamque vides bellum,
id. Att. 16, 9 fin.:juventutem,
Liv. 25, 15, 9:seniores quoque,
id. 6, 2, 6; 29, 1, 2:equites decuriati, centuriati pedites,
id. 22, 38, 3; so id. 10, 21, 4:Juventus Romana... equis delapsa se ipsam centuriavit,
i. e. reduced to infantry, Val. Max. 3, 2, n. 8: mulus centuriatus, for carrying provisions, Aur. ap. Vop. Aur. 7, 7.—Facetiously:III.eripiam ego hodie concubinam militi, Si centuriati bene sunt maniplares mei,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 2, 3; cf. id. Curc. 4, 4, 29.—Of the people in the meeting of the council, only part. perf.: comitia centuriata, in which all the Roman people voted according to centuries (this was done in the choice of higher magistrates, in decisions in respect to war and peace, and, until Sulla's time, in questions affecting life or citizenship; cf. Messala ap. Gell. 13, 15, 4; Lael. Felix ib. 15, 27, 4; Cic. Red. Sen. 11, 27), Cic. Leg. 3, 19, 44:2.quod ad populum centuriatis comitiis tulit,
id. Phil. 1, 8, 19; Liv. 3, 55, 3; 8, 12, 15.—Facetiously:Pseudolus mihi centuriata capitis habuit comitia,
i. e. has sentenced me to death, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 134 Lorenz ad loc.—Hence, P. a.: centŭrĭā-tus, a, um, of or belonging to the comitia centuriata: Centuriata lex, advised in the comitia centuriata, Cic. Agr. 2, 11, 26.centŭrĭo (in many inscriptions before the time of Quintilian erroneously aspirated chenturio, like ch oronae, prae ch ones, etc., Quint. 1, 5, 20; cf. the letter C), ōnis, m. (access. form centŭrĭōnus, like curionus and decurionus, acc. to Fest. p. 49 Müll.) [centuria, II.], the commander of a century, a captain, centurion, occupying a station below the tribunus, Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 25; 6, 39; Cic. Balb. 15, 34; Sall. J. 59, 3; Liv. 2, 27, 6; 7, 41, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 73; cf. Dict. of Antiq. -
54 condecurio
con-dĕcŭrĭo, ōnis, m., a fellow-decurion, Inscr. Orell. 3733. -
55 cubicularis
cŭbĭcŭlārĭus, a, um ( cŭbĭcŭlāris, e; gen., Cic. Div. 2, 65, 134; dat., id. Tusc. 5, 20, 59; but ap. Suet. Aug. 7, the better read. is cubiculi Lares; v. cubiculum, I.), adj. [cubiculum], of or pertaining to a sleepingchamber.I.Adj.:II.lucerna,
Mart. 14, 39 in lemm.:gausapina,
id. 14, 147 in lemm.:stragula,
Plin. 8, 58, 83, § 226.—Subst.: cŭ-bĭcŭlārĭus, ii, m., a chamber-servant, valet-de-chambre:hunc vestri janitores, hunc cubicularii diligunt,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 8; id. Att. 6, 2, 5:manere... cum uno medico et cubicularis duobus,
Suet. Caes. 4 Roth (al. -ariis); id. Ner. 38; Capitol. Pert. 4:decurio cubiculariorum,
the head of the servants of the bedchamber, Suet. Dom. 17. -
56 cubicularius
cŭbĭcŭlārĭus, a, um ( cŭbĭcŭlāris, e; gen., Cic. Div. 2, 65, 134; dat., id. Tusc. 5, 20, 59; but ap. Suet. Aug. 7, the better read. is cubiculi Lares; v. cubiculum, I.), adj. [cubiculum], of or pertaining to a sleepingchamber.I.Adj.:II.lucerna,
Mart. 14, 39 in lemm.:gausapina,
id. 14, 147 in lemm.:stragula,
Plin. 8, 58, 83, § 226.—Subst.: cŭ-bĭcŭlārĭus, ii, m., a chamber-servant, valet-de-chambre:hunc vestri janitores, hunc cubicularii diligunt,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 4, § 8; id. Att. 6, 2, 5:manere... cum uno medico et cubicularis duobus,
Suet. Caes. 4 Roth (al. -ariis); id. Ner. 38; Capitol. Pert. 4:decurio cubiculariorum,
the head of the servants of the bedchamber, Suet. Dom. 17. -
57 D
D, d (n. indecl., sometimes f. sc. littera), the flat dental mute, corresponding in character and sound to the English d and the Greek D, was the fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, and was called de: Ter. Maur. p. 2385 P., Auson. Idyll. 12, de Litt. Monos. 14. But at the end of a syllable, or after another consonant, its sound was sharpened, so that the grammarians often discuss the question whether d or t should be written, especially in conjunctions and prepositions. Illa quoque servata est a multis differentia, ut ad cum esset praepositio, d litteram, cum autem conjunctio, t acciperet (Quint. 1, 7, 5; cf. id. 1, 4, 16). Hence we may infer that some disputed this distinction, and that the sounds of ad and at must at least have been very similar (cf. also Terent. Scaur. p. 2250, Vel. Long. p. 2230 sq., Cassiod. p. 2287, 2291). Thus also aput, it, quit, quot, aliut, set, haut are found for apud, id, quid, quod, aliud, sed, haud. It would appear from the remarks of these authors that the last two words in particular, having a proclitic character, while they distinctly retained the d sound before an initial vowel in the following word, were pronounced before a consonant almost as set, haut (Mar. Vict. p. 2462 P., Vel. Long. l. l. v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.). The use of t for d in the middle of a word, as Alexenter for Alexander, atnato for adnato, is very rare (cf. Wordsworth, Fragm. p. 486 sq.). On the other hand, the use of d for t, which sometimes appears in MSS. and inscrr., as ed, capud, essed, inquid (all of which occur in the Cod. palimps. of Cic. Rep.), adque, quodannis, sicud, etc., fecid, reliquid, etc. (all in inscriptions after the Augustan period), is to be ascribed to a later phonetic softening (cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.).II.As an initial, the letter d, in pure Latin words, suffers only a vowel after it; the single consonantal compound dr being found only in borrowed words, such as drama, Drusus, Druidae, etc., and in the two onomatopees drenso and drindio. Accordingly, the d of the initial dv, from du, was rejected, and the remaining v either retained unaltered (as in v iginti for du iginti; cf. triginta) or changed into b (as in b ellum, b is, b onus, for du ellum, du is, du onus; v. those words and the letter B). So too in and after the 4th century A.D., di before vowels was pronounced like j (cf. J ovis for Dj ovis, and J anus for Di anus); and hence, as the Greek di ( di) passed into dz, i. e. z (as in z a for d ia, and z eta for di aeta), we sometimes find the same name written in two or three ways, as Diabolenus, Jabolenus, Zabolenus; Jadera, Diadora, Zara. In many Greek words, however, which originally began with a y sound, d was prefixed by an instinctive effort to avoid a disagreeable utterance, just as in English the initial j has regularly assumed the sound of dj: thus Gr. zugon, i. e. diugon = L. jugum; and in such cases the d sound has been prefixed in Greek, not lost in Latin and other languages (v. Curt. Griech. Etym. p. 608 sq.).b. As a medial, d before most consonants undergoes assimilation; v. ad, no. II.; assum, init., and cf. iccirco, quippiam, quicquam, for idcirco, quidpiam, quidquam; and in contractions like cette from cedite, pelluviae from pediluviae, sella from sedela. In contractions, however, the d is sometimes dropped and a compensation effected by lengthening the preceding vowel, as scāla for scand-la. D before endings which begin with s was suppressed, as pes from ped-s, lapis from lapid-s, frons from frond-s, rasi from radsi, risi from rid-si, lusi from lud-si, clausi from claud-si; but in the second and third roots of cedo, and in the third roots of some other verbs, d is assimilated, as cessi, cessum, fossum, etc. D is also omitted before s in composition when another consonant follows the s, as ascendo, aspicio, asto, astringo, and so also before the nasal gn in agnatus, agnitus, and agnosco, from gnatus, etc.: but in other combinations it is assimilated, as assentio, acclamo, accresco; affligo, affrico; agglomero, aggrego; applico, approbo, etc. In tentum, from tendo, d is dropped to avoid the combination ndt or ntt, since euphony forbids a consonant to be doubled after another.g. Final d stood only in ad, apud, sed, and in the neuter pronouns quid, quod, illud, istud, and aliud, anciently alid. Otherwise, the ending d was considered barbarous, Prisc. p. 686 P.III.The letter d represents regularly an original Indo-Germanic d, in Greek d, but which in German becomes z, in Gothic t, and in Anglo-Saxon t: cf. Gr. hêdomai, Sanscr. svad, Germ. süss, Angl.-Sax. svēte (sweet), with Lat. suadeo; domare with Gr. damaô, Germ. zähmen, Eng. tame; domus with demô, timber, O. H. Germ. zimber; duo with duô, zwei, two. But it is also interchanged with other sounds, and thus sometimes represents—1. 2.An original r: ar and ad; apur or apor and apud; meridies and medidies, audio and auris; cf. arbiter, from ad-beto; arcesso for ad-cesso.—3.An original l: adeps, Gr. aleipha; dacrima and lacrima, dingua and lingua; cf. on the contrary, olere for odere, consilium and considere, Ulixes from Odusseus (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 223).—4.An original s: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus, medius and misos; and, on the contrary, rosa and rhodon. —5. IV.In the oldest period of the language d was the ending of the ablat. sing. and of the adverbs which were originally ablatives (cf. Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excur. I.; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. Prol. 10): pu CNANDO, MARID, DICTATORED, IN ALTOD MARID, NAVALED PRAEDAD on the Col. Rostr.; DE SENATVOS SENTENTIAD (thrice) IN OQVOLTOD, IN POPLICOD, IN PREIVATOD, IN COVENTIONID, and the adverbs SVPRAD SCRIPTVM EST (thrice), EXSTRAD QVAM SEI, and even EXSTRAD VRBEM, in S. C. de Bacch. So intra-d, ultra-d, citra-d, contra-d, infra-d, supra-d; contro-d, intro-d, etc.; and probably interea-d, postea-d. Here too belongs, no doubt, the adverb FACILVMED, found in the last-mentioned inscription. But this use of the d became antiquated during the 3d century B.C., and is not found at all in any inscription after 186 B. C. Plautus seems to have used or omitted it at will (Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excurs. p. 18: Corss. Ausspr. 1, 197; 2, 1008).2.D final was also anciently found—a.In the accus. sing. of the personal pronouns med, ted, sed: INTER SED CONIOVRASE and INTER SED DEDISE, for inter se conjuravisse and inter se dedisse, in the S. C. de Bacch. This usage was retained, at least as a license of verse, when the next word began with a vowel, even in the time of Plautus. But in the classic period this d no longer appears. —b.In the imperative mood;c.as estod,
Fest. p. 230. The Oscan language retained this ending (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 206).—In the preposition se-, originally identical with the conjunction sed (it is retained in the compound seditio); also in red-, prod-, antid-, postid-, etc. ( redire, prodire, etc.); and in these words, too, it is a remnant of the ancient characteristic of the ablative (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 200 sq.; Roby, Lat. Gr. 1, 49).V.As an abbreviation, D usually stands for the praenomen Decimus; also for Deus, Divus, Dominus, Decurio, etc.; over epitaphs, D. M. = Diis Manibus; over temple inscriptions, D. O. M. = Deo Optimo Maxumo; in the titles of the later emperors, D. N. = Dominus Noster, and DD. NN. = Domini Nostri. Before dates of letters, D signified dabam, and also dies; hence, a. d. = ante diem; in offerings to the gods, D. D. = dono or donum dedit; D. D. D. = dat, dicat, dedicat, etc. Cf. Orell. Inscr. II. p. 457 sq.► The Romans denoted the number 500 by D; but the character was then regarded, not as a letter, but as half of the original Tuscan numeral (or CI[C ]) for 1000. -
58 d
D, d (n. indecl., sometimes f. sc. littera), the flat dental mute, corresponding in character and sound to the English d and the Greek D, was the fourth letter of the Latin alphabet, and was called de: Ter. Maur. p. 2385 P., Auson. Idyll. 12, de Litt. Monos. 14. But at the end of a syllable, or after another consonant, its sound was sharpened, so that the grammarians often discuss the question whether d or t should be written, especially in conjunctions and prepositions. Illa quoque servata est a multis differentia, ut ad cum esset praepositio, d litteram, cum autem conjunctio, t acciperet (Quint. 1, 7, 5; cf. id. 1, 4, 16). Hence we may infer that some disputed this distinction, and that the sounds of ad and at must at least have been very similar (cf. also Terent. Scaur. p. 2250, Vel. Long. p. 2230 sq., Cassiod. p. 2287, 2291). Thus also aput, it, quit, quot, aliut, set, haut are found for apud, id, quid, quod, aliud, sed, haud. It would appear from the remarks of these authors that the last two words in particular, having a proclitic character, while they distinctly retained the d sound before an initial vowel in the following word, were pronounced before a consonant almost as set, haut (Mar. Vict. p. 2462 P., Vel. Long. l. l. v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.). The use of t for d in the middle of a word, as Alexenter for Alexander, atnato for adnato, is very rare (cf. Wordsworth, Fragm. p. 486 sq.). On the other hand, the use of d for t, which sometimes appears in MSS. and inscrr., as ed, capud, essed, inquid (all of which occur in the Cod. palimps. of Cic. Rep.), adque, quodannis, sicud, etc., fecid, reliquid, etc. (all in inscriptions after the Augustan period), is to be ascribed to a later phonetic softening (cf. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 191 sq.).II.As an initial, the letter d, in pure Latin words, suffers only a vowel after it; the single consonantal compound dr being found only in borrowed words, such as drama, Drusus, Druidae, etc., and in the two onomatopees drenso and drindio. Accordingly, the d of the initial dv, from du, was rejected, and the remaining v either retained unaltered (as in v iginti for du iginti; cf. triginta) or changed into b (as in b ellum, b is, b onus, for du ellum, du is, du onus; v. those words and the letter B). So too in and after the 4th century A.D., di before vowels was pronounced like j (cf. J ovis for Dj ovis, and J anus for Di anus); and hence, as the Greek di ( di) passed into dz, i. e. z (as in z a for d ia, and z eta for di aeta), we sometimes find the same name written in two or three ways, as Diabolenus, Jabolenus, Zabolenus; Jadera, Diadora, Zara. In many Greek words, however, which originally began with a y sound, d was prefixed by an instinctive effort to avoid a disagreeable utterance, just as in English the initial j has regularly assumed the sound of dj: thus Gr. zugon, i. e. diugon = L. jugum; and in such cases the d sound has been prefixed in Greek, not lost in Latin and other languages (v. Curt. Griech. Etym. p. 608 sq.).b. As a medial, d before most consonants undergoes assimilation; v. ad, no. II.; assum, init., and cf. iccirco, quippiam, quicquam, for idcirco, quidpiam, quidquam; and in contractions like cette from cedite, pelluviae from pediluviae, sella from sedela. In contractions, however, the d is sometimes dropped and a compensation effected by lengthening the preceding vowel, as scāla for scand-la. D before endings which begin with s was suppressed, as pes from ped-s, lapis from lapid-s, frons from frond-s, rasi from radsi, risi from rid-si, lusi from lud-si, clausi from claud-si; but in the second and third roots of cedo, and in the third roots of some other verbs, d is assimilated, as cessi, cessum, fossum, etc. D is also omitted before s in composition when another consonant follows the s, as ascendo, aspicio, asto, astringo, and so also before the nasal gn in agnatus, agnitus, and agnosco, from gnatus, etc.: but in other combinations it is assimilated, as assentio, acclamo, accresco; affligo, affrico; agglomero, aggrego; applico, approbo, etc. In tentum, from tendo, d is dropped to avoid the combination ndt or ntt, since euphony forbids a consonant to be doubled after another.g. Final d stood only in ad, apud, sed, and in the neuter pronouns quid, quod, illud, istud, and aliud, anciently alid. Otherwise, the ending d was considered barbarous, Prisc. p. 686 P.III.The letter d represents regularly an original Indo-Germanic d, in Greek d, but which in German becomes z, in Gothic t, and in Anglo-Saxon t: cf. Gr. hêdomai, Sanscr. svad, Germ. süss, Angl.-Sax. svēte (sweet), with Lat. suadeo; domare with Gr. damaô, Germ. zähmen, Eng. tame; domus with demô, timber, O. H. Germ. zimber; duo with duô, zwei, two. But it is also interchanged with other sounds, and thus sometimes represents—1. 2.An original r: ar and ad; apur or apor and apud; meridies and medidies, audio and auris; cf. arbiter, from ad-beto; arcesso for ad-cesso.—3.An original l: adeps, Gr. aleipha; dacrima and lacrima, dingua and lingua; cf. on the contrary, olere for odere, consilium and considere, Ulixes from Odusseus (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 223).—4.An original s: Claudius, from the Sabine Clausus, medius and misos; and, on the contrary, rosa and rhodon. —5. IV.In the oldest period of the language d was the ending of the ablat. sing. and of the adverbs which were originally ablatives (cf. Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excur. I.; Brix ad Plaut. Trin. Prol. 10): pu CNANDO, MARID, DICTATORED, IN ALTOD MARID, NAVALED PRAEDAD on the Col. Rostr.; DE SENATVOS SENTENTIAD (thrice) IN OQVOLTOD, IN POPLICOD, IN PREIVATOD, IN COVENTIONID, and the adverbs SVPRAD SCRIPTVM EST (thrice), EXSTRAD QVAM SEI, and even EXSTRAD VRBEM, in S. C. de Bacch. So intra-d, ultra-d, citra-d, contra-d, infra-d, supra-d; contro-d, intro-d, etc.; and probably interea-d, postea-d. Here too belongs, no doubt, the adverb FACILVMED, found in the last-mentioned inscription. But this use of the d became antiquated during the 3d century B.C., and is not found at all in any inscription after 186 B. C. Plautus seems to have used or omitted it at will (Ritschl, Neue Plaut. Excurs. p. 18: Corss. Ausspr. 1, 197; 2, 1008).2.D final was also anciently found—a.In the accus. sing. of the personal pronouns med, ted, sed: INTER SED CONIOVRASE and INTER SED DEDISE, for inter se conjuravisse and inter se dedisse, in the S. C. de Bacch. This usage was retained, at least as a license of verse, when the next word began with a vowel, even in the time of Plautus. But in the classic period this d no longer appears. —b.In the imperative mood;c.as estod,
Fest. p. 230. The Oscan language retained this ending (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 206).—In the preposition se-, originally identical with the conjunction sed (it is retained in the compound seditio); also in red-, prod-, antid-, postid-, etc. ( redire, prodire, etc.); and in these words, too, it is a remnant of the ancient characteristic of the ablative (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 200 sq.; Roby, Lat. Gr. 1, 49).V.As an abbreviation, D usually stands for the praenomen Decimus; also for Deus, Divus, Dominus, Decurio, etc.; over epitaphs, D. M. = Diis Manibus; over temple inscriptions, D. O. M. = Deo Optimo Maxumo; in the titles of the later emperors, D. N. = Dominus Noster, and DD. NN. = Domini Nostri. Before dates of letters, D signified dabam, and also dies; hence, a. d. = ante diem; in offerings to the gods, D. D. = dono or donum dedit; D. D. D. = dat, dicat, dedicat, etc. Cf. Orell. Inscr. II. p. 457 sq.► The Romans denoted the number 500 by D; but the character was then regarded, not as a letter, but as half of the original Tuscan numeral (or CI[C ]) for 1000. -
59 decures
dĕcŭres, v. 2. decurio. -
60 decuria
dĕcŭrĭa, ae, f. [decem, after the analogy of centuria, from centum], a division consisting of ten, a company of ten, a tithing: decuria, decade, Gr. dekas (cf. Eng. dozen). Thus Romulus, acc. to Dion. Hal. 2, 7, p. 82 d, formed out of the thirty curiae 300 dekadas (gentes), v. 2. decurio init. So, too, in agriculture:II.classes etiam non majores quam denum hominum faciundae, quas decurias appellaverunt antiqui,
Col. 1, 9, 7; cf. Gell. 18, 7; Sen. Ep. 47, 7; Vitr. 7, 1, 3. Of things: pellium tentoriarum, Valerian. ap. Trebell. Claud. 14.—In gen. (cf. centuria), a division, company, class, most freq. of the decuriae of the judges (three, till the time of Augustus, who added a fourth, and Caligula a fifth), Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32 fin.; id. Phil. 1, 8; 13, 2, 3; id. Clu. 37, 103; Suet. Aug. 32; id. Calig. 16; Quint. 4, 2, 45; Inscr. Orell. 3877; 3155 sq. al.:equitum,
Suet. Tib. 41:scribarum,
id. Claud. 1; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79:VIATORIA,
Inscr. Orell. 4076; 2204 al. Said jocosely of a party of boon companions, association, club, Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 62; Caecil. ap. Non. 139, 19 (Com. 15 Ribb.).
См. также в других словарях:
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