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decisive+range

Толкование Перевод

1 decisive range

1) Военный термин: дальность действительного огня

2) Космонавтика: эффективная дальность действия

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > decisive range
2 decisive range

odległość skuteczna

English-Polish dictionary for engineers > decisive range
3 decisive range

дальность действительного огня

* * *

дальность действительного огня

English-Russian military dictionary > decisive range
4 decisive range

дальность действительного огня

English-Russian arms dictionary > decisive range
5 decisive range

дальность действительного огня

English-Russian dictionary of terms that are used in computer games > decisive range
6 range

расстояние; дальность (действия, стрельбы, полета) ; радиус ( действия) ; прицел ( установка прицела) ; дистанция; дальнобойность; досягаемость; диапазон; полигон; стрельбище; тир; ав. относ бомбы; определять расстояние ( до цели) ; пристреливать цель по дальности

bomb(ing) and gunnery range — полигон для бомбометания и воздушных стрельб

stylized combat (training) range — стрельбище для боевых стрельб с реальной мишенной обстановкой

— accuracy range

— acquisition range

— action range

— actual range

— actuation range

— adjusted range

— aerodynamic glide range

— aiming point range

— aiming range

— air-to-ground gunnery range

— altitude combat range

— antimissile missile range

— arming range

— artillery miniature range

— artillery range

— assault fire range

— assumed range

— AT range

— attack training range

— battle drill range

— battle range

— battle sight range

— beyond visual range

— boosted maximum range

— built-in range

— burn-through range

— burst range

— check adjusting range

— check point map range

— check point range

— classification range

— close range

— close the range

— closing range

— combat range

— commit range

— communications range

— confined firing range

— continental range

— cruising fuel range

— cruising range

— curved range

— danger range

— decisive range

— defense keepout range

— defensive range

— demolition range

— demonstrated range

— destruction range

— detection and localization range

— detection range

— direct fire range

— direct visibility range

— driving range

— dry-firing range

— dry-tank range

— effective AT range

— effective damage range

— effective range

— electromagnetic compatibility test range

— electromagnetic pulse effect range

— electronic target range

— elevation range

— endurance range

— engine endurance range

— estimated range

— estimated weapon release range

— EW range

— exhaustion range

— extreme range

— ferry range

— field firing range

— find the range

— firing range

— first-firing range

— fixed-sight range

— flame throwing range

— frequency range

— fuel exhaustion range

— full-tank range

— fuze range

— geodetic fire range

— get the range

— global range

— grazing range

— great-circle range

— ground gunnery range

— ground range

— guidance range

— gun-target range

— hand grenade range

— hand-gun range

— hitting range

— homing range

— horizontal map range

— identification range

— identification/engagement ranges

— illuminating range

— impact range

— in-between range

— indoor shooting range

— infiltration range

— interceptor sight detection range

— intercontinental ferry range

— intercontinental range

— interhemispheric range

— intermediate range

— intervening range

— IR detection range

— killing range

— kiloton range

— known distance range

— land range

— lateral range

— launching range

— lethal blast range

— lethality range

— limited range of intercept

— line-of-sight range

— live firing range

— lock-on range

— main gun range

— map range

— marching range

— maximum effective range

— maximum range

— mean observed range

— medium lethal range

— megaton range

— miniature range

— minimum range

— mini-tank range

— missile range

— mortar range

— moving tank range

— moving target range

— multiple warhead separation range

— nominal engagement range

— nominal range

— nonsensitivity range

— non-stop range

— nonviscous mixture flame throwing range

— observer-target range

— ocean range

— open range

— open the range

— opening range

— operating range

— operational range

— optical range

— OTH range

— out of range

— penetration range

— pick-up range

— piece-to-crest range

— piece-to-mask range

— pistol range

— point blank range

— practice record range

— precision bombing range

— qualification range

— radio communications range

— range ahead

— range down

— range for suppressive fire

— range in

— range of engagement

— range of fire

— range of intercept

— range of trace

— range of vision

— range of warfare environments

— range to go

— receive frequency range

— record range

— refueled range

— registered range

— release range

— required acquisition range

— required identification range

— restricted firing range

— road operating range

— rocket range

— run out of range

— safety range

— scaled-down range

— sending range

— service range

— shooting range

— sighting range

— slant range

— small arms range

— spherical flight range

— standoff range

— striking range

— subcaliber range

— subkiloton range

— supporting range

— tactical range

— take the range

— tank gunnery range

— tank range

— tank-driving range

— tank-killing range

— tape out a range

— target designation range

— target range

— targetable range

— test-and-training range

— time range

— track/endurance range

— tracking range

— transmit frequency range

— traverse range

— traversing range

— trial range

— unboosted maximum range

— underwater range

— unrefueled range

— vertical range

— viewing range

— viscous mixture flame throwing range

— visibility range

— visual range

— voice range

— vulnerable range

— weapon load range

— within range

English-Russian military dictionary > range
7 combat

бой, боевые действия; вести бой [боевые действия]; оказывать противодействие; боевой; см. тж. battle; action; fight ( ing) ;

— actual combat

— aerial combat

— air combat

— airborne combat

— air-to-air combat

— air-to-ground combat

— antiship combat

— armored combat

— beach combat

— close air-to-air combat

— close maneuver air combat

— close-in combat

— close-in infantry combat

— combat at riverlines

— combat down

— combat in built-up areas

— combat in cities

— combat in extreme weather and terrain conditions

— combat in fortified areas

— containing combat

— containment combat

— decisive combat

— deliver combat

— desert combat

— dispersed combat

— dissimilar air combat

— economy-of-force combat

— electronic combat

— engage in combat

— eyeball-to-eyeball combat

— face-to-face combat

— fire combat

— fire intensive combat

— ground combat

— group air combat

— gun-AT guided missile combat

— hand-to-hand combat

— helicopter-to-helicopter combat

— helicopter-versus-helicopter combat

— high-intensity combat

— high-level combat

— house-to-house combat

— independent combat

— individual air combat

— infantry combat

— initiate combat

— initiate into combat

— inshore combat

— jungle combat

— kindergarten combat

— long-range air combat

— long-range combat

— low-level combat

— maneuvering air combat

— mock combat

— mountain combat

— night combat

— nonnuclear combat

— nuclear combat

— offensive combat

— open terrain combat

— out of combat

— outpost combat

— personal combat

— protracted combat

— radioelectronic combat

— refuse combat

— retrograde combat

— see extensive combat

— short-range air combat

— single combat

— small unit combat

— surface combat

— sustain combat

— sustained combat

— training air combat

— unarmed combat

— urban combat

English-Russian military dictionary > combat
8 serious

1. a серьёзный; глубокомысленный

serious worker — серьёзный работник

serious mind — глубокий ум

serious reading — серьёзная литература

serious range — действительная дальность

to become serious — стать серьёзным

a serious turn of mind — серьёзный ум

2. a важный

serious thought — важная мысль

3. a внушающий опасения, опасный

serious illness — опасная болезнь

Синонимический ряд:

1. ardent (adj.) ardent; sincere

2. decisive (adj.) decisive; important; profound; significant

3. earnest (adj.) businesslike; earnest; grim; no-nonsense; poker-faced; sedate; serious-minded; sober; sobersided; solemn; somber; sombre; staid

4. grave (adj.) critical; dangerous; fell; grave; grievous; heavy; major; momentous; perilous; pressing; severe; ugly; weighty

5. hard (adj.) arduous; difficile; difficult; effortful; formidable; hard; knotty; labored; laborious; operose; rough; rugged; slavish; sticky; strenuous; terrible; toilful; toilsome; tough; uphill

6. pensive (adj.) pensive; reflective; thoughtful

Антонимический ряд:

frivolous; happy; insignificant; insincere; jocular; light; light-hearted; lively; slight; trivial; unimportant

English-Russian base dictionary > serious
9 target

объект; цель; мишень; задача; задание; норма; заданный показатель [срок]; конечный пункт; пункт назначения; заданное значение; норматив ( боевой подготовки) ; программировать траекторию ( ракеты) ; нацеливать; прицеливать; ставить задачу на удар [стрельбу] по цели; наводить; подготавливать огонь; приводить ( оружие) к нормальному бою, пристреливать; определять разнобой ( орудий) ; засекать ( цель) ;

aerial (training) radio-controlled miniature target — миниатюрная радиоуправляемая воздушная мишень

flare drop tow(ed) target — буксируемая мишень, отстреливающая ИК ловушки

half-silhouette (head and shoulders) target — грудная мишень

lock on(to) the target — захватывать цель

pass the target (to) — передавать цель (напр. в другой сектор)

steer to(ward) the target — наводить(ся) на цель

variable speed aerial (training) target — воздушная мишень с переменной скоростью полета

— accelerating target

— accept the target

— acoustic target

— acquire a target

— active target

— actuai target

— aerial training target

— aerodynamic target

— aerospace target

— agile air target

— air breathing target

— Air Staff target

— air support target

— air target

— aircraft-type target

— airspace target

— air-supported target

— alternate target

— alternative target

— ambush target

— animal target

— antiarmor-capable target

— approximate target

— area complex target

— area materiel target

— area personnel target

— area single target

— area target

— armored target

— assign a target

— assigned target

— AT target

— attacking target

— attainable target

— attractive target

— auxiliary target

— ballistic target

— battlefield target

— beyond visual range target

— bird target

— blending-with-background target

— blinking radiation target

— bomber target

— bow-on target

— CAS target

— chaff target

— charged demolition target

— chemical target

— circuit flying target

— civilian target

— classification target

— clear the target

— close combat evading target

— close in the target

— close on the target

— close with the target

— close-in target

— clutter-masked low-flying target

— co-altitude target

— coast to the target

— cold target

— collapsible target

— combat target

— complex target

— composite target

— concealed target

— concentration target

— contingency target

— contingent target

— contrast target

— controlled target

— conventional target

— convert targets into fire commands

— cooperative target

— corps-developed target

— co-speed target

— counterfire target

— counterforce target

— countervalue target

— cover target

— critical intelligence target

— critical target

— crossing target

— deal with a target

— deception target

— decisive target

— decoy target

— decoy-deploying target

— deep target

— defeat ground targets

— defended target

— defensive posture target

— definable target

— demolition target

— denial target

— depth target

— designate a target

— detect a target

— develop a target

— developed target

— direct to a target

— disappearing target

— discrete target

— division-developed target

— drag-type target

— drone target

— drop-type target

— dubious target

— dummy radar target

— dummy target

— Earth target

— ECM protected target

— ECM target

— eliminate a target

— emitting target

— engage a target

— evading target

— EW target

— expendable target

— exposed target

— extraterrestrial target

— false target

— fast-moving target

— fat target

— favorable target

— field target

— find the target

— fire a target

— first-priority target

— fixed line target

— fixed site target

— fixed target

— flag target

— fleeting target

— follow-on target

— formation target

— fortified target

— fresh target

— futurist target

— General Staff target

— get on to a target

— ground target

— group target

— gun target

— gunnery target

— handle a target

— hardened target

— hard-mobile target

— hard-to-hit target

— haze target

— head for a target

— head-on target

— heat contrast target

— heavily protected target

— high quality target

— high-altitude target

— high-definition target

— highly maneuverable target

— high-priority target

— high-priority time sensitive target

— high-value target

— highway target

— hit a target

— home on the target

— horizontal target

— hot target

— human target

— hypothetical target

— identify a target

— illuminate a target

— inactive target

— inbound target

— incoming target

— indecisive target

— indirect target

— individual target

— infantry area target

— inflatable dummy target

— inland target

— instructional target

— intelligence target

— intended target

— interdiction-type target

— IR target

— IR-augmented target

— isolated target

— jet-propelled remotely-piloted target

— jump a target

— kill a target

— killable silhouette target

— landing target

— laser-illuminated target

— laser-marker target

— laser-spot target

— last-resort target

— lead target

— lead the target

— led target

— linear target

— line-of-sight target

— live target

— localized target

— locate a target

— logistical target

— low-contrast target

— low-flying target

— low-noise target

— low-visibility target

— lucrative target

— major surface target

— make clear a target

— maneuvering target

— manned target

— man-rated air target

— man-sized target

— mappable target

— mark target

— materiel target

— military target

— military-economic target

— missile target

— mobile target

— model target

— monitor a target

— moving target

— multiple target

— nonafter burning air target

— noncommunications ECM target

— nonemitting target

— nonexpendable target

— nonmaneuvering target

— nonman-rated air target

— non-military target

— nonoverhead target

— nonradiating target

— nonrecoverable target

— nonsilo target

— nontime-sensitive target

— nuclear target

— nuclear weapon-carrier air target

— oblique target

— obliterate a target

— obscuration target

— obscured target

— observed target

— obtain a target

— off the target

— offboresight target

— offset target

— on target

— on-call target

— on-coming target

— one-man target

— one-shot target

— on-the-deck flying target

— open target

— operational target

— opportunity target

— optical contrast target

— OTH target

— outbound target

— overhead target

— overkilled target

— overshoot a target

— over-the-hill target

— paper target

— parent target

— passive target

— pay off target

— penetrate to the target

— perishable target

— personnel-type target

— pick out a target

— pinpoint a target

— pinpoint target

— planned nuclear target

— planned target

— point at the target

— point materiel target

— point target

— population target

— pop-up/pop-down target

— potential target

— preplanned target

— present a target

— pre-stored target

— primary target

— prime target

— prioritize targets

— priority target

— profitable target

— prone silhouette target

— propaganda target

— protected target

— psychological operations target

— quasi-staiionary target

— radar contrast target

— radar target

— radiating target

— radioheat contrast target

— random target

— readiness target

— real target

— realistic target

— rear target

— receding target

— reconnaissance target

— record as target

— record target

— recoverable target

— rectangular target

— redundancy target

— reentry target

— registration target

— relocatable target

— remunerative target

— reserved demolition target

— retaliatory target

— rewarding target

— ride the target

— run into a target

— run out of targets

— scheduled nuclear target

— scrub a target

— sea target

— search-type target

— sea-skimming target

— secondary target

— seek out a target

— seen target

— semihardened target

— sense a target

— sensor-acquired target

— sequential target

— serial target

— serve a target

— shell a target

— sheltered target

— shoot up a target

— shoot-back target

— shore-based target

— shoreline target

— side target

— SIGINT target

— silhouette target

— simulated target

— single target

— site target

— sitting target

— skylined target

— small target

— snap target

— soft target

— solid target

— sonar target

— space target

— space-based target

— split target

— spray the target

— staff target

— standoff target

— state-of-the-art target

— stationary target

— straddle the target

— strategic target

— strike target

— submarine target

— superhardened target

— supersonic low altitude target

— supplementary target

— surface target

— surprise target

— suspected target

— synthetic target

— tacair target

— tactical target

— take the target

— tank-type target

— target of interest

— terrestrial target

— thermal target

— time-sensitive target

— time-urgent target

— towed target

— track a target

— training target

— traversing target

— triple-armor target

— type target

— unauthorized target

— uncharged demolition target

— uncooperative target

— underdefended target

— underground target

— underwater target

— unique target

— unmanned target

— unnuclear target

— unobserved target

— unplanned target

— unprofitable target

— unsheltered target

— uprange target

— urban target

— urban-industrial target

— urgent target

— valid target

— validate a target

— value target

— vanishing target

— vehicular target

— vertical target

— visual target

— vital target

— warm target

— waterborne target

— weather obscured target

— widely separated targets

— winged missile carrier target

— within visual range target

— work over a target

— worthwhile target

English-Russian military dictionary > target
10 run

run [rʌn]

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

1. noun

2. intransitive verb

3. transitive verb

4. compounds

5. Phrasal Verbs

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► vb: pret ran, ptp run

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

1. noun

   a. ( = act of running) course f

• to go for a run aller courir

• at a run en courant

• to make a run for it se sauver

   b. ( = outing) tour m

• they went for a run in the country ils ont fait un tour à la campagne

   c. ( = distance travelled) trajet m ; ( = route) ligne f

• it's a 30-minute bus run il y a une demi-heure de bus

• it's a short car run le trajet n'est pas long en voiture

• the ferries on the Dover-Calais run les ferrys sur la ligne Douvres-Calais

   d. ( = series) série f

• a run of bad luck une période de malchance

• she's having a run of luck la chance lui sourit

   e. ( = period of performance) her new series begins a run on BBC1 sa nouvelle série d'émissions va bientôt passer sur BBC1

• the play had a long run la pièce a tenu longtemps l'affiche

   f. ( = use) they gave us the run of the garden ils nous ont donné la jouissance du jardin

   g. ( = trend) [of market] tendance f ; [of events] tournure f

• the decisive goal arrived, against the run of play le but décisif a été marqué contre le cours du jeu

   h. ( = type) he didn't fit the usual run of petty criminals il n'avait pas le profil du petit malfaiteur ordinaire

• the usual run of problems les problèmes mpl habituels

   i. ( = track for skiing) piste f

• ski run piste f de ski

   j. ( = animal enclosure) enclos m

   k. (in tights) échelle f

   l. (Cricket) course f

• to make a run marquer une course

   m. (Military = raid, mission) raid m (aérien)

• a bombing run un bombardement

   n. (set structures)

► in the long run à long terme

• it will be more economical in the long run ce sera plus économique à long terme

• things will sort themselves out in the long run les choses s'arrangeront avec le temps► on the run

• a criminal on the run (from the police) un criminel recherché par la police

• he is still on the run il court toujours

• he was on the run for several months il n'a été repris qu'au bout de plusieurs mois

• to keep the enemy on the run harceler l'ennemi

2. intransitive verb

   a. courir

• don't run across the road ne traverse pas la rue en courant

• he's trying to run before he can walk (British) il essaie de brûler les étapes

• to run down/off descendre/partir en courant

• to run down a slope descendre une pente en courant

• to run for the bus courir pour attraper le bus

• it runs in the family [characteristic] c'est de famille

• she came running out elle est sortie en courant

• she ran over to her neighbour's elle s'est précipitée chez son voisin

• three men ran past him trois hommes l'ont dépassé en courant

• all sorts of thoughts were running through my head toutes sortes d'idées me venaient à l'esprit

• she ran to meet him elle a couru à sa rencontre

• she ran to help him elle a volé à son secours

► to run high

• feelings were running high les passions étaient exacerbées

• tension was running high l'atmosphère était très tendue

   b. ( = flee) prendre la fuite

• run for it! sauvez-vous !

   c. ( = flow, leak) [river, tears, tap] couler ; [colour] déteindre ; [dye, ink] baver

• to run into the sea [river] se jeter dans la mer

• to leave a tap running laisser un robinet ouvert

• his eyes are running il a les yeux qui coulent

► to run with ( = be saturated)

the floor was running with water le plancher était inondé

• his face was running with sweat son visage ruisselait de sueur

   d. ( = be candidate) être candidat

• he isn't running this time il n'est pas candidat cette fois-ci

• he won't run again il ne se représentera plus

• to run for President être candidat à la présidence

   e. ( = be) I'm running a bit late je suis un peu en retard

• inflation is running at 3% le taux d'inflation est de 3 %

   f. ( = extend, continue) [play] être à l'affiche ; [film] passer ; [contract] être valide

• the play has been running for a year la pièce est à l'affiche depuis un an

• this contract has ten months to run ce contrat expire dans dix mois

   g. [bus, train, coach, ferry] assurer le service

• the buses run once an hour les bus passent toutes les heures

• the buses are running early/late/on time les bus sont en avance/en retard/à l'heure

• there are no trains running today il n'y a pas de trains aujourd'hui

   h. ( = function) [machine] marcher ; [factory] être en activité

• the car is running smoothly la voiture marche bien

• you mustn't leave the engine running il ne faut pas laisser tourner le moteur

• this car runs on diesel cette voiture marche au gazole

   i. ( = pass) [road, river] passer ( through à travers ) ; [mountain range] s'étendre

• the road runs past our house la route passe devant notre maison

• the road runs right into town la route va jusqu'au centre-ville

• a wall runs round the garden un mur entoure le jardin

3. transitive verb

   a. (gen) courir

• he ran 2km non-stop il a couru (pendant) 2 km sans s'arrêter

• he ran the distance in under half an hour il a couvert la distance en moins d'une demi-heure

• to run the 100 metres courir le 100 mètres

• you ran a good race vous avez fait une excellente course

• the first race will be run at 2 o'clock la première épreuve se courra à 2 heures

• but if it really happened he'd run a mile (inf) mais si ça se produisait, il aurait vite fait de se débiner (inf)

   b. ( = transport) [+ person] conduire

• he ran her home il l'a ramenée chez elle

   c. ( = operate) [+ machine] faire marcher ; [+ computer program] exécuter

• to run a radio off the mains faire marcher une radio sur secteur

• I can't afford to run a car je n'ai pas les moyens d'avoir une voiture

• this car is very cheap to run cette voiture est très économique

   d. ( = organize) [+ business] diriger ; [+ shop] tenir

• the company runs extra buses at rush hours la société met en service des bus supplémentaires aux heures de pointe

• the school is running courses for foreign students le collège organise des cours pour les étudiants étrangers

• I want to run my own life je veux mener ma vie comme je l'entends

   e. ( = put, move) to run one's finger down a list suivre une liste du doigt

• he ran the car into a tree sa voiture est rentrée dans un arbre

• to run wires under the floorboards faire passer des fils électriques sous le plancher

• to run one's eye over a page jeter un coup d'œil sur une page

• he ran the vacuum cleaner over the carpet il a passé l'aspirateur sur le tapis

• to run one's hand over sth passer la main sur qch

• to run one's fingers through one's hair se passer la main dans les cheveux

   f. ( = publish) publier

   g. ( = cause to flow) faire couler

• I'll run you a bath je vais te faire couler un bain

4. compounds

► run-around (inf) noun

• he gave me the run-around il s'est défilé (inf) ► run-down adjective [person] à plat (inf) ; [building, area] délabré

• I feel a little run-down je suis à plat (inf) ► run-in (inf) noun

( = quarrel) prise f de bec ( over à propos de)

► run-off noun [of contest] ( = second round) deuxième tour m ; ( = last round) dernier tour m ; [of pollutants] infiltrations fpl

► run-of-the-mill adjective banal

► run-through noun (before test) essai m

► run time noun (Computing) durée f d'exploitation

► run-up noun ( = preparation) période f préparatoire (to à)

• the run-up to the elections la période préélectorale

5. Phrasal Verbs

► run across inseparable transitive verb

( = find) [+ object, quotation, reference] tomber sur

► run after inseparable transitive verb courir après

► run along intransitive verb courir

• run along! sauvez-vous !► run away intransitive verb partir en courant ; ( = flee) [person] se sauver

• to run away from home faire une fugue

• he ran away with the funds ( = stole) il est parti avec la caisse► run away with inseparable transitive verb

   a. ( = win easily) [+ race, match] gagner haut la main

   b. you're letting your imagination run away with you tu te laisses emporter par ton imagination► run down separable transitive verb

   a. ( = knock over) renverser ; ( = run over) écraser

   b. ( = disparage) (inf) dire du mal de► run into inseparable transitive verb

   a. ( = meet) rencontrer par hasard

• to run into difficulties or trouble se heurter à des difficultés

• to run into danger se trouver dans une situation dangereuse

   b. ( = collide with) rentrer dans

   c. ( = amount to) s'élever à

• the cost will run into thousands of euros le coût va atteindre des milliers d'euros► run out intransitive verb

   a. [person] sortir en courant

   b. ( = come to an end) [lease, contract] expirer ; [supplies] être épuisé ; [period of time] être écoulé

• my patience is running out ma patience est à bout

• when the money runs out quand il n'y aura plus d'argent

• their luck ran out la chance les a lâchés► run out of inseparable transitive verb

[+ supplies, money] être à court de ; [+ patience] être à bout de

• we're running out of time il ne nous reste plus beaucoup de temps

• to run out of petrol or gas (British, US) tomber en panne d'essence► run out on (inf) inseparable transitive verb

[+ person] laisser tomber (inf)

► run over

1. intransitive verb

déborder

• the play ran over by ten minutes la pièce a débordé de dix minutes sur le programme

2. inseparable transitive verb

( = recapitulate) reprendre

• let's just run over it again reprenons cela encore une fois

3. separable transitive verb

(in car) [+ person, animal] écraser► run past (inf) separable transitive verb

• could you run that past me again? est-ce que tu pourrais m'expliquer ça encore une fois ?► run through inseparable transitive verb

   a. ( = read quickly) parcourir

   b. ( = rehearse) [+ play] répéter

• if I may just run through the principal points once more si je peux juste récapituler les points principaux► run to inseparable transitive verb

   a. ( = seek help from) faire appel à ; ( = take refuge with) se réfugier dans les bras de

• I wouldn't go running to the police je ne me précipiterais pas au commissariat de police

   b. ( = afford) I can't run to a new car je ne peux pas me payer une nouvelle voiture

   c. ( = amount to) the article runs to several hundred pages l'article fait plusieurs centaines de pages► run up

1. intransitive verb

( = climb quickly) monter en courant ; ( = approach quickly) s'approcher en courant

2. separable transitive verb

   a. to run up a hill monter une colline en courant

   b. [+ bills] accumuler

• to run up a debt s'endetter► run up against inseparable transitive verb

[+ problem, difficulty] se heurter à

* * *
[rʌn] 1.
noun

1) ( act of running) course f

a two-mile run — une course de deux miles

to go for a run — aller courir

to take the dog for a run — aller faire courir le chien

to break into a run — se mettre à courir

to take a run at — prendre son élan pour franchir [hedge]

to give somebody a clear run — fig laisser le champ libre à quelqu'un ( at doing pour faire)

2) ( flight)

on the run — en fuite

to be on the run from — fuir

to have somebody on the run — lit mettre quelqu'un en fuite; fig réussir à effrayer quelqu'un

to make a run for it — fuir, s'enfuir

3) ( series) série f

to have a run of luck — être en veine

to have a run of bad luck — jouer de malchance

4) Theatre série f de représentations

to have a six-month run — tenir l'affiche pendant six mois

5) ( trend) (of events, market) tendance f

the run of the cards/dice was against me — le jeu était contre moi

in the normal run of things — dans l'ordre normal des choses

6) ( series of thing produced) ( in printing) tirage m; ( in industry) série f

7) Finance ( on Stock Exchange) ruée f (on sur)

8) (trip, route) trajet m

the run up to York — le trajet jusqu'à York

9) (in cricket, baseball) point m

10) (for rabbit, chickens) enclos m

11) (in tights, material) échelle f

12) ( for skiing etc) piste f

13) ( in cards) suite f
2.
transitive verb (p prés - nn-; prét ran; pp run)

1) ( cover by running) courir [distance, marathon]

to run a race — faire une course

she ran a very fast time — elle a fait un très bon temps

2) ( drive)

to run somebody to the station — conduire quelqu'un à la gare

to run somebody home — reconduire quelqu'un

to run something over to somebody's house — apporter quelque chose chez quelqu'un en voiture

to run the car into a tree — jeter la voiture contre un arbre

3) (pass, move)

to run one's hand over — passer la main sur

to run one's eye(s) over — parcourir rapidement

to run a duster over — passer un coup de chiffon sur

to run one's pen through — rayer

4) ( manage) diriger

a well-/badly-run organization — une organisation bien/mal dirigée

stop trying to run my life! — arrête de vouloir diriger ma vie!

who is running things here? — qui est-ce qui commande ici?

5) ( operate) faire fonctionner [machine]; faire tourner [motor]; exécuter [program]; entretenir [car]

to run tests on — effectuer des tests sur

to run a check on somebody — prendre des renseignements sur quelqu'un

6) (organize, offer) organiser [competition, course]; mettre [quelque chose] en place [bus service]

7) ( pass) passer [cable]

8) ( cause to flow) faire couler [bath]; ouvrir [tap]

9) ( publish) publier [article]

10) ( pass through) franchir [rapids]; forcer [blockade]; brûler [red light]

11) ( smuggle) faire passer [quelque chose] en fraude

12) ( enter) faire courir [horse]; présenter [candidate]
3.
intransitive verb (p prés - nn-; prét ran; pp run)

1) ( move quickly) [person, animal] courir

to run across/down something — traverser/descendre quelque chose en courant

to run around the house — courir dans toute la maison

to run for ou to catch the bus — courir pour attraper le bus

to run for the exit — courir vers la sortie

to run in the 100 metres — courir le 100 mètres

to come running — courir ( towards vers)

2) ( flee) fuir, s'enfuir

to run for one's life — s'enfuir pour sauver sa peau (colloq)

run for your life! —

run for it! — (colloq) sauve qui peut!, déguerpissons! (colloq)

there's nowhere to run (to) — il n'y a nulle part où aller

to go running to one's parents — se réfugier chez ses parents

3) (colloq) ( rush off) filer (colloq)

4) ( function) [machine] marcher

to leave the engine running — laisser tourner le moteur

to run off — fonctionner sur [mains, battery]

to run on — marcher à [diesel, unleaded]

to run fast/slow — [clock] prendre de l'avance/du retard

the organization runs very smoothly — l'organisation fonctionne parfaitement

5) (continue, last) [contract, lease] courir

to run from... to... — [school year, season] aller de... à...

6) Theatre [play, musical] tenir l'affiche ( for pendant)

this show will run and run! — ce spectacle tiendra l'affiche pendant des mois!

7) ( pass)

to run past/through — [frontier, path] passer/traverser

to run (from) east to west — aller d'est en ouest

the road runs north for about ten kilometres — la route va vers le nord sur une dizaine de kilomètres

to run parallel to — être parallèle à

a scar runs down her arm — une cicatrice court le long de son bras

8) ( move) [sledge, vehicle] glisser; [curtain] coulisser

to run through somebody's hands — [rope] filer entre les mains de quelqu'un

a pain ran up my leg — une douleur m'est remontée le long de la jambe

a wave of excitement ran through the crowd — un frisson d'excitation a parcouru la foule

his eyes ran over the page — il a parcouru la page des yeux

9) ( operate regularly) circuler

a ferry runs between X and Y — il existe un ferry entre X et Y

10) ( flow) couler

my nose is running — j'ai le nez qui coule

tears ran down his face — les larmes coulaient sur son visage

the streets will be running with blood — fig le sang coulera à flots dans les rues

11) ( flow when wet or melted) [dye, garment] déteindre; [makeup, butter] couler

12) ( as candidate) se présenter

to run for — être candidat/-e au poste de [mayor, governor]

to run for president — être candidat/-e à la présidence

13) ( be worded)

the telex runs... — le télex se présente or est libellé comme suit...

so the argument runs — selon l'argument habituellement avancé

14) ( snag) filer

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- run about

- run across

- run along

- run at

- run away

- run down

- run in

- run into

- run off

- run on

- run out

- run out on

- run over

- run through

- run to

- run up

- run up against

••

to give somebody the run of something — mettre quelque chose à la disposition de quelqu'un

in the long run — à long terme

in the short run — à brève échéance

English-French dictionary > run
11 direction

направление; управление; руководство; распоряжение; указание; наведение ( на цель) ; наводка ( орудия)

— assumed direction

— automatic fire direction

— battle direction

— build up the main direction of the attack

— cardinal direction

— clock direction

— common fire direction

— compass direction

— decisive direction

— direction of advance

— direction of approach

— direction of attack

— direction of interest

— direction of the main effort

— effective wind direction

— exercise direction

— find direction

— fire direction

— firing direction

— grid direction

— higher strategic direction

— indecisive direction

— main direction of the attack

— maintain direction

— manual fire direction

— missile-threat direction

— nonnuclear direction

— off-range direction

— principal fire direction

— radar direction

— reference direction

— standby direction

— strategic direction

— tactical direction

— tactical fire direction

— technical fire direction

— uprange direction

— viewing direction

English-Russian military dictionary > direction
12 set

1) набор; комплект

- domino set

- optimum set of conditions
- semiconductor assembly set - set of Belleville springs - set of conventional set - set of drawing instruments - set of gate patterns - set of gauge blocks - set of logical elements - set of statistical data - set of technical aids
- snap set

- socket-powered set

- spring set

2) партия

3) совокупность; множество

- set of variate values

- specification set

4) установка; агрегат

- carrier set

- cross-task measuring set
- desk telephone set - dial telephone set
- Diesel-electric set

- flywheel set

- gear set

- hand telephone set

- house set

- key pulsing telephone set
- local-battery telephone set - man-pack radio set - multi-operator welding set
- radio set

- reflection measuring set

- shaft-sinking set

- short-wave set

- side-tone telephone set

- Sierpinski set

- single-operator welding set
- sound-powered telephone set
- station set

- subscriber set

- table-top set

- telephone set

- transmission measuring set

- turbine-driven set

- turbine-generator set

- twin-arc welding set
- wall telephone set
5) регулировка; настройка || регулировать; настраивать

6) группа; ансамбль

7) класс; семейство

8) остаточная деформация

9) схватывание || схватываться

to retard set of concrete — замедлять схватывание бетона

10) затвердевание || затвердевать

11) крепление || закреплять

12) геол. свита пород

13) осадка (грунта) || оседать ( о грунте)

14) радиоточка

15) спорт сет

16) включать, приводить в действие

17) мат. множество

relation over a set — отношение на множестве

set closed under operation — множество, замкнутое относительно операции

compact set with a boundary — компакт с краем

set is closed — множество является замкнутым

set forth above — вышеизложенный

to accomplish operations on a set — производить операции над множеством

to set aside — не учитывать, не принимать во внимание; откладывать

- absolute set

- absolutely closed set
- absolutely compact set - absolutely continuous set - absolutely convex set - absolutely irreducible set - absolutely measurable set
- absorbing set

- abstract set

- acceptable solutions set

- accessible set

- acyclic set

- additive set

- adjacency set

- adjacent set

- admissible set

- adsolutely summable set

- affine set

- affinely dependent set
- affinely independent set - affinely invariant set
- algebraic set

- algebraically dependent set
- algebraically independent set
- allowable set

- almost closed set
- almost finite set - almost full set
- ambiguous set

- ample set

- analytic set

- analytically negligible set
- angular cluster set
- antidiagonal set

- antinomous set

- antipodal set

- antisymmetric set

- aposyndetic point set

- applicative set

- approximately compact set

- approximation set

- arcwise connected set

- arithmetical set

- arithmetically definable set

- articulation set

- asymptotic set

- asymptotically decomposable set
- asymptotically indecomposable set - at most denumerable set
- atomic set

- attainable set

- automorphic set

- auxiliary base set

- axiom set

- balanced set

- basic set

- benign set

- bicompact set

- biconnected set

- bifurcation set

- biordered set

- bisimplicial set

- bodily set

- border set

- boundary cluster set

- boundary cluster set

- boundary set

- boundaryless set

- bounded set

- boundedly compact set

- buffer set

- calculable set

- canonical set

- canonically closed set

- capacious set

- capacitable set

- catastrophe set

- categorical set

- centrally-symmetric set
- centro-symmetric set
- chained set

- characteristic set

- choice set

- chordal cluster set

- circled set

- classical set

- clear set

- closed set

- closed-in-rays set

- closed-open set

- cluster set

- cofinal set

- cofinite set

- cogenerating set

- cohesive set

- cohomology set

- coimmune set

- coinfinite set

- coinitial set

- coisolated set

- collectively bounded set

- collinear set

- colorable set

- comaximal set

- combination set

- commutative set

- compact-in-itself set

- compactly connected set

- compensation set

- complementary set

- complete set

- completed set

- completely arithmetically productive set
- completely bounded set - completely continuous set - completely generating set - completely improper set - completely irreducible set - completely nonatomic set - completely normal set - completely ordered set - completely productive set - completely reducible set - completely separable set
- compound set

- conditionally compact set

- confidence set

- confinal set

- conformal set

- conjugate set

- conjunction set

- consistent set

- constant set

- constraint set

- constructible set

- constructive set

- constructively infinite set
- constructively nonrecursive set
- context-free set

- continuity set

- continuous set

- continuously ordered set

- continuum set

- contractible set

- contrafundamental set

- contrastandard set

- control set

- convergence set

- convergent set

- converse set

- convex set

- convexly connected set
- convexly independent set
- correctness set

- countable set

- countably compact set
- countably infinite set
- course set

- coverable set

- covered set

- covering set

- creative set

- critical set

- cubic set

- curvilinear cluster set

- cut set

- cyclic factor set
- cyclically ordered set
- cylinder set

- decidable set

- decision set

- decisive set

- decreasing set

- deductively consistent set
- deductively inconsistent set
- defect set

- deficient set

- definable set

- deformable set

- degeneracy set

- degenerate set

- dendrit set

- dendritic set

- dense set

- dense-in-itself set

- densely ordered set

- dentable set

- denumerable set

- derivative set
- derived set
- derived set

- determined set

- determining set

- diagonalizable set

- difference set

- diffuse set

- directed set

- disagreement set

- disconnected set

- disconnecting set

- discontinuing set

- discontinuous set

- discrete set

- discriminant set

- discriminating set

- disjointed set

- disjunct set

- dispersed set

- divergent set

- dividing set

- dominated set

- dominating set

- doubly indexed set
- doubly well-ordered set - dual set of equations
- dyadic set

- dynamically decomposable set
- dynamically disconnected set - effectively enumerable set - effectively generating set - effectively nonrecursive set - effectively simple set
- effector set

- eigenfuzzy set

- elementarily definable set

- elementary set

- elliptic set

- embedded set

- empty set

- enchained set

- enlarged set

- enlarging set

- enumerably infinite set
- enumeration reducible set
- equicontinuous set

- equivariantly contractible set

- ergodic set

- evanescent set

- event set

- everywhere dense set

- exceptional set

- exhaustive set

- existence set

- existential set

- explicable set

- explicitly definable set

- extendable set

- extended set

- extensive set

- externally stable set

- extraordinary set

- extremally disconnected set

- extreme set

- factor set

- faithful set

- fanlike set

- feasible set

- filter over set

- filtering set

- finely open set
- finely perfect set
- finite-dimensional set

- finitely compact set
- finitely definite set - finitely measurable set
- flat set

- focal set

- frequency set

- frontier set

- full productive set

- full set

- fully ordered set
- fully reducible set - functionally closed set - functionally complete set - functionally open set - fundamental probability set
- generable set

- general recursive set
- generalized almost periodic set
- generated set

- generic set

- global set

- goal set

- ground set

- grounded set

- harmonic set

- hereditary set

- heretical set

- holomorphic set

- homogeneous set

- homothetic set

- hyperarithmetical set

- hyperarithmetically simple set

- hyperbolic set

- hyperhyperimmune set

- hyperhypersimple set

- image set

- implicitly definable set

- imprimitive set

- incompletable set

- inconsistent set

- increasing set

- indecomposable set

- independent set

- index set

- indexed set

- indexing set

- indiscernible set

- indivisible set

- inductive set

- inductively ordered set

- information set

- inseparable set

- integer set

- integrable set

- internally negligible set
- internally stable set
- interpolation set

- interpretable set

- invariant set

- inverse image set

- inverse set

- irrational set

- irreducible set

- irregular set

- isometric set

- joint maximal set

- knot set

- labeled set

- lacunary set

- lattice-ordered set

- learning set

- left admissible set
- left directed set - left normal set - left-hand cluster set
- level set

- lexicographically ordered set

- limit set

- limited set

- limiting set

- linearly bounded set
- linearly ordered set - local peak set - locally arcwise set - locally closed set - locally compact set - locally connected set - locally contractible set - locally convex set - locally finite set - locally invariant set - locally negligible set - locally null set - locally polar set - locally polyhedral set
- located set

- logarithmic set

- magic set

- majorized set

- massive set

- meager set

- measurable set

- mesoic set

- metarecursively enumerable set
- metrically bounded set - metrically dense set
- minimum set

- minorized set

- mobile set

- model set

- model-closed set

- model-complete set

- model-consistent set

- modular set

- monochromatic set

- monomorphic set

- monotonic set

- more-than-countable set

- motor-generator set

- multiperiodic set

- multiplicative set

- multiply connected set
- multiply ordered set
- multisimplicial set

- naturally associated set
- nearly analytic set - nearly closed set
- nebular set

- negligible set

- nested set

- nil weakly closed set

- nilpotent set

- nodal set

- no-more-than countable set

- nonadjacent set

- noncalculable set

- noncontractible set

- noncountable set

- noncountably infinite set

- nondecisive set

- nondegenerate set

- nondense set

- nondenumerable set

- nondenumerable set

- nonempty set

- nonenumerable set

- nonenumerable set

- nonmeager set

- nonmeasurable set

- nonpoint set

- nonrecursive set

- nonscattered set

- nonseparable set

- nonstandard set

- nonvacuous set
- nonvoid set
- nonwandering set

- norm compact set

- normal set

- normally convex set
- normally ordered set
- normed set

- nowhere dense set

- nowhere-dense set

- null set

- nullity set

- number set

- numeral set

- numerated set

- object set

- one-element set

- one-parameter set

- one-point set

- one-sided cluster set
- open in rays set
- open-closed set

- opening set

- operator's set

- opportunity set

- optimal strategy set

- orderable set

- ordering set

- ordinal-definable set

- ordinate set

- orienting defining set

- original set

- orthogonal set

- orthonormal set

- outcome set

- outer set

- paraconvex set

- parametric set

- partial set

- partially ordered set
- partitioned data set
- paved set

- peak set

- perfect set

- perfectly compact set

- permuting set

- piecewise recursive set

- planar set

- pointed set

- polar set

- pole set

- polyadic set

- polygonal set

- polygonally connected set

- polyhedral set

- polynomially convex set
- positively homothetic set
- power set

- power-generating set

- precompact set

- precomplete set

- preferred set

- preinductive set

- preinitial set

- prelocal set

- preordered set

- pretransitive set

- prevalent set

- principal set

- priority set

- proalgebraic set

- product set

- productive set

- projective set

- projective-bounded set

- proper set

- properly consistent set

- properly inconsistent set

- properly valid set

- properly valid set

- pseudocompact set

- pseudoconvex set

- pseudocreative set

- pseudometric set

- pseudometrizable set

- pseudorational set

- pseudosimple set

- pseudospherical set

- pseudosupporting set

- pure set

- quadrangular set

- quasibiorthonormal set

- quasiclosed set

- quasicohesive set

- quasicreative set

- quasidirected set

- quasiequicontinuous set

- quasiminimal set

- quasiopen set

- quasiordered set

- quasiorthonormal set

- quasiperiodic set

- quasipolyhedral set

- quasistrongly compact set

- quotient set

- radial cluster set

- radial set

- radially closed set
- radially open set
- radiated set

- random set

- range set

- ranked set

- rarefied set

- rationally convex set
- rationally independent set
- reachable set

- rectangular set

- rectifiable set

- rectifiably connected set

- recurrent set

- recursively approximable set
- recursively creative set - recursively indecomposable set - recursively isomorphic set - recursively productive set
- reduced set

- reduction set

- reference set

- reflexive set

- regressive set

- regularizing set

- regularly closed set
- regularly convex set - regularly situated sets
- relational set

- relatively bicompact set
- relatively closed set - relatively compact set - relatively dense set - relatively interpretable set - relatively open set
- residual set

- resolutive set

- resolvable set

- resolvent set

- retraceable set

- right admissible set
- right normal set - right-hand cluster set
- ringing set

- rotund set

- rudimentary set

- saturated set

- scar set

- segregate set

- selection set

- semialgebraic set

- semianalytic set

- semiclassical set

- semiclosed set

- semicreative set

- semiinvariant set

- semilinear set

- semilocally connected set

- semimetric set

- semiordered set

- semipolar set

- semiproductive set

- semiregular set

- semisimplicial set

- separability set

- separating set

- sequentially compact set
- sequentially complete set - serially ordered set
- set of adjunction

- set of all set

- set of antisymmetry

- set of assumptions

- set of attainability

- set of automorphisms

- set of axioms

- set of capacity zero

- set of catastrophs

- set of characteristics

- set of choices

- set of coefficients

- set of condensation points

- set of connections

- set of constancy

- set of constraints

- set of content zero

- set of convergence

- set of criteria

- set of current

- set of curves

- set of data

- set of decisions

- set of defining relations

- set of degeneration

- set of descriptions

- set of dice

- set of distinguishable states
- set of elementary events
- set of endomorphisms

- set of equations

- set of finite outcomes
- set of first category - set of first kind - set of first species
- set of five

- set of formulas

- set of functions

- set of gears

- set of generators

- set of imprimitivity

- set of imputations

- set of increase

- set of integers

- set of intransitivity

- set of invariants

- set of mappings

- set of maximum indetermination

- set of measurements

- set of morphisms

- set of multiplicity

- set of numbers

- set of observations

- set of operations

- set of ordinal numbers

- set of outcomes

- set of parameters

- set of patterns

- set of planes

- set of points

- set of positions

- set of positive elements
- set of possible outcomes
- set of postulates

- set of power continuum
- set of probability null
- set of problems

- set of processes

- set of rational numbers

- set of representatives

- set of sampling plans
- set of second category - set of second species
- set of sentences

- set of separability

- set of sets

- set of shuffles

- set of states

- set of statistics

- set of strategies

- set of subalgebras

- set of symbols

- set of threads

- set of three

- set of transformations

- set of uniqueness

- set of unknowns

- set of variances

- set of variates

- set of vectors

- set of warp

- set of weft

- set of words

- sets of equal power

- shift compact set
- shift invariant set
- sifted set

- similarily invariant set
- simply connected set - simply ordered set - simply transitive set
- singleton set

- single-valued set

- singular set

- skew set

- solution set

- somewhere dense set

- spanning set

- sparse set

- special set

- spectral set

- splitting set

- stable set

- star set

- star-shaped set

- state set

- stationary set

- stopping set

- stratified set

- strictly bounded set
- strongly bounded set - strongly closed set - strongly compact set - strongly connected set - strongly convex set - strongly dependent set - strongly disjoint sets - strongly enumerable set - strongly independent set - strongly minimal set - strongly polar set - strongly reducible set - strongly separated set - strongly simple set - strongly stratified set
- structured set

- subgeneric set

- subinvariant set

- subjective set

- subtotal cluster set

- sufficient set

- summable set

- superarithmetical set

- superficial cluster set

- superposable set

- supersparse set

- symmetrical set

- taboo set

- tame set

- tangential cluster set
- tautologically complete set - tautologically consistent set - tautologically inconsistent set
- tensorial set

- terminal set

- ternary set

- test set

- thick set

- thin set

- tie set

- tight set

- time set

- topologically equivalent sets

- topologically free set

- topologized set

- total set

- totally bounded set
- totally disconnected set - totally imperfect set - totally ordered set - totally primitive set - totally unimodular set - totally unordered set
- transcendent set

- transfer set

- transformation set

- transitivity set

- transverse set

- trigonalizable set

- truncation set

- truth set

- truth-table complete set
- truth-table reducible set
- two-element set

- two-sided set

- ultimately periodic set

- ultrafiltered set

- unbounded set

- uncertainty set

- unconnected set

- uncountable set

- underlying set

- unglued set

- unicity set

- unidentifiable set

- unification set

- uniform set

- uniformly attracting set
- uniformly bounded set - uniformly continuous set - uniformly convergent set - uniformly integrable set - uniformly universal set - unilaterally connected set
- unit set

- unitary set

- unit-productive set

- universal set

- universally measurable set

- unlimited set

- unordered set

- unrecognizable set

- unsparse set

- unstable set

- unstructured set

- vacant set
- vacuous set
- vector set

- vertex set

- void set

- weakly bounded set
- weakly compact set - weakly convex set - weakly n-dimensional set - weakly stratified set - weakly wandering set - well chained set - well founded set - well measurable set - well ordering set - well quasiordered set
- well-ordered set

- zero-dimensional set

English-Russian scientific dictionary > set
13 combat

1. n бой, сражение

single combat — единоборство, поединок

commitment to combat — ввод в бой

decisive combat — решительный бой

engagement to combat — ввод в бой

face-to-face combat — ближний бой

break off combat — выходить из боя

2. n борьба; конфликт, столкновение

continuous combat — непрекращающаяся борьба

3. n дуэль, поединок

judicial combat — судебный поединок

4. a воен. боевой

combat operations — боевые действия, бой

combat aviation — боевая авиация

combat echelon — первый эшелон

combat formation — боевой порядок; боевое построение

combat command — боевое командование

combat liaison — связь в бою

combat outpost — боевое охранение

combat team — усиленная часть, тактическая группа

combat ration — боевой паёк

air force combat methods — способы боевых действий авиации

strategic combat aircraft — боевая стратегическая авиация

air combat operations zone — зона боевых действий авиации

multi-role combat aircraft — многоцелевой боевой самолет

removing from combat duty — снятие с боевого дежурства

5. v вести бой, сражаться

long-range combat — дальний бой

retrograde combat — отход с боем

breaking off combat — выход из боя

broken off combat — выходил из боя

the issue of a combat — исход боя

6. v бороться

to combat unemployment — бороться с безработицей

Синонимический ряд:

1. armed conflict (noun) action; armed conflict; battle; clash; conflict; contest; duel; encounter; engagement; fighting; hostilities; service; war; warfare

2. assault (verb) assail; assault; attack; blitz; clash; do battle; engage; skirmish

3. battle (verb) battle; contend; struggle; tilt; vie; wrestle

4. resist (verb) buck; challenge; confront; contest; dispute; duel; fight; oppose; repel; resist; rise up against; traverse; withstand

Антонимический ряд:

accord; agreement; compromise; defend; peace; support; surrender; truce

English-Russian base dictionary > combat
14 critical

1. a решающий, переломный; критический

critical moment — решающий момент

critical time — решающий момент

critical issue — решающий вопрос

critical path — критический путь

critical angle — критический угол

critical graph — критический граф

2. a важный, ценный

critical contribution — ценный вклад

critical terrain — тактически важный участок местности

critical facility — важный объект

3. a лит. критический, относящийся к критике литературы и искусства

critical essays — критические очерки

critical range — критическая зона

critical slope — критический уклон

critical force — критическое усилие

critical number — критическое число

critical review — критический обзор

4. a опасный, критический; угрожающий

critical condition — угрожающее состояние

critical defect — опасный дефект; критическая неисправность

critical character pair — пара критически сочетаемых знаков

critical bibliography — библиография критических материалов

critical flicker frequency — критическая частота мелькания

critical design parameter — критический расчетный параметр

5. a осуждающий, критикующий; разборчивый, требовательный

he is not very critical — он не очень разборчив

became critical of — начал критиковать

become critical of — начал критиковать

becomes critical of — начинает критиковать

6. a амер. дефицитный; крайне необходимый; нормируемый

critical material — дефицитный материал

critical item — дефицитное изделие

critical skill — дефицитная специальность

critical facilities — дефицитное оборудование

critical supply status item — дефицитное изделие

item in a critical category — дефицитный продукт

7. a спец. критический, граничный

critical current — критический ток

critical closing pressure — критическое давление закрытия

lightguide critical wave — критическая волна в световоде

critical cavitation number — критическое число кавитаций

to be at a critical pass — быть в критическом положении

critical solution point — критическая точка растворения

Синонимический ряд:

1. analytical (adj.) analytical; discriminating; judging

2. dangerous (adj.) dangerous; hazardous; perilous; precarious; risky; suspenseful; ticklish

3. faultfinding (adj.) captious; carping; caviling; cavilling; cavillous; censorious; critic; derogatory; disparaging; faultfinding; finicky; hypercritical; overcritical; picky; strict; trenchant

4. important (adj.) acute; climacteric; crucial; deciding; decisive; desperate; determining; dire; discerning; grave; great; grievous; important; momentous; penetrating; pivotal; serious; strategic

5. precise (adj.) delicate; discriminate; exact; fastidious; judicial; minute; particular; precise

Антонимический ряд:

complimentary; easy; inexact; insignificant; loose; popular; safe; shallow; superficial; trivial; unimportant

English-Russian base dictionary > critical
15 ultimate

1. n окончательный результат; предел

the ultimate of his desire — предел его желаний

ultimate strength — предел прочности

ultimate result — окончательный результат

ultimate tension — предел прочности при растяжении

ultimate tensile strength — предел прочности на разрыв

ultimate bending strength — предел прочности при изгибе

2. n основной принцип

3. a последний, окончательный

ultimate result — окончательный результат

ultimate lines — последние линии

ultimate chapter — последняя глава

ultimate control system — система окончательного контроля

4. a предельный, крайний, конечный

ultimate end — конечная цель

ultimate bearing capacity — предельная несущая способность

ultimate design load — предельная расчетная нагрузка

ultimate resilience — предельная работа деформации

ultimate temperature — предельная температура

ultimate stress limit — предельное напряжение

5. a основной, первичный

ultimate truth — элементарная истина

6. a самый отдалённый

the ultimate ends of the earth — самые отдалённые части света

7. a спец. критический

ultimate load — предельная нагрузка

ultimate strain — критическая деформация

ultimate viscosity — критическая вязкость

ultimate elongation — критическое удлинение

ultimate bending moment — критический изгибающий момент

8. a спец. максимальный

ultimate output — максимальная мощность

ultimate good — максимальная польза

ultimate range — максимальный пробег

ultimate beam — пучок максимальной интенсивности

ultimate spacing pattern — максимальная площадь дренирования

9. a лингв. падающий на последний слог слова

10. v завершать

11. v завершаться; иметь результатом

Синонимический ряд:

1. conclusive (adj.) conclusive; definitive; final

2. essential (adj.) basic; elemental; elementary; essential; fundamental; primitive; underlying

3. last (adj.) categorical; closing; concluding; decisive; eventual; hindmost; lag; last; latest; latter; rearmost; terminal; terminating

4. supreme (adj.) absolute; extreme; farthest; furthest; highest; incomparable; maximum; outermost; paramount; preeminent; pre-eminent; supreme; surpassing; towering; transcendent; unequalable; unmatchable; unsurpassable; uttermost

5. top (adj.) maximal; top; topmost; utmost

6. acme (noun) acme; extreme

7. apotheosis (noun) apotheosis; epitome; last word; quintessence

8. peak (noun) ceiling; climax; crest; maximum; peak

9. close (verb) close; complete; conclude; consummate; determine; do; end; finish; halt; terminate; wind up; wrap up

Антонимический ряд:

base; initial; intermediate; least; preliminary; primary; prime; prior

English-Russian base dictionary > ultimate
16 Computers

   1) A Comparison of the Digital Computer and the Brain

   The brain has been compared to a digital computer because the neuron, like a switch or valve, either does or does not complete a circuit. But at that point the similarity ends. The switch in the digital computer is constant in its effect, and its effect is large in proportion to the total output of the machine. The effect produced by the neuron varies with its recovery from [the] refractory phase and with its metabolic state. The number of neurons involved in any action runs into millions so that the inﬂuence of any one is negligible.... Any cell in the system can be dispensed with.... The brain is an analogical machine, not digital. Analysis of the integrative activities will probably have to be in statistical terms. (Lashley, quoted in Beach, Hebb, Morgan & Nissen, 1960, p. 539)

   2) Computers Do Not Crunch Numbers, They Manipulate Symbols

   It is essential to realize that a computer is not a mere "number cruncher," or supercalculating arithmetic machine, although this is how computers are commonly regarded by people having no familiarity with artificial intelligence. Computers do not crunch numbers; they manipulate symbols.... Digital computers originally developed with mathematical problems in mind, are in fact general purpose symbol manipulating machines....

   The terms "computer" and "computation" are themselves unfortunate, in view of their misleading arithmetical connotations. The definition of artificial intelligence previously cited-"the study of intelligence as computation"-does not imply that intelligence is really counting. Intelligence may be defined as the ability creatively to manipulate symbols, or process information, given the requirements of the task in hand. (Boden, 1981, pp. 15, 16-17)

   3) Getting Computers to Explain Things to Themselves

   The task is to get computers to explain things to themselves, to ask questions about their experiences so as to cause those explanations to be forthcoming, and to be creative in coming up with explanations that have not been previously available. (Schank, 1986, p. 19)

   4) Some Limits of Artificial Intelligence

   In What Computers Can't Do, written in 1969 (2nd edition, 1972), the main objection to AI was the impossibility of using rules to select only those facts about the real world that were relevant in a given situation. The "Introduction" to the paperback edition of the book, published by Harper & Row in 1979, pointed out further that no one had the slightest idea how to represent the common sense understanding possessed even by a four-year-old. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 102)

   5) The Computer as a Humanizing Inﬂuence

   A popular myth says that the invention of the computer diminishes our sense of ourselves, because it shows that rational thought is not special to human beings, but can be carried on by a mere machine. It is a short stop from there to the conclusion that intelligence is mechanical, which many people find to be an affront to all that is most precious and singular about their humanness.

   In fact, the computer, early in its career, was not an instrument of the philistines, but a humanizing inﬂuence. It helped to revive an idea that had fallen into disrepute: the idea that the mind is real, that it has an inner structure and a complex organization, and can be understood in scientific terms. For some three decades, until the 1940s, American psychology had lain in the grip of the ice age of behaviorism, which was antimental through and through. During these years, extreme behaviorists banished the study of thought from their agenda. Mind and consciousness, thinking, imagining, planning, solving problems, were dismissed as worthless for anything except speculation. Only the external aspects of behavior, the surface manifestations, were grist for the scientist's mill, because only they could be observed and measured....

   It is one of the surprising gifts of the computer in the history of ideas that it played a part in giving back to psychology what it had lost, which was nothing less than the mind itself. In particular, there was a revival of interest in how the mind represents the world internally to itself, by means of knowledge structures such as ideas, symbols, images, and inner narratives, all of which had been consigned to the realm of mysticism. (Campbell, 1989, p. 10)

   6) The Intentionality of Computers Is Essentially Borrowed, Hence Derivative

   [Our artifacts] only have meaning because we give it to them; their intentionality, like that of smoke signals and writing, is essentially borrowed, hence derivative. To put it bluntly: computers themselves don't mean anything by their tokens (any more than books do)-they only mean what we say they do. Genuine understanding, on the other hand, is intentional "in its own right" and not derivatively from something else. (Haugeland, 1981a, pp. 32-33)

   7) The Possibility of Computer Thought

   he debate over the possibility of computer thought will never be won or lost; it will simply cease to be of interest, like the previous debate over man as a clockwork mechanism. (Bolter, 1984, p. 190)

   8) We Are Getting Better at Building Even Better Computers, an Ever- Escalating Upward Spiral

   t takes us a long time to emotionally digest a new idea. The computer is too big a step, and too recently made, for us to quickly recover our balance and gauge its potential. It's an enormous accelerator, perhaps the greatest one since the plow, twelve thousand years ago. As an intelligence amplifier, it speeds up everything-including itself-and it continually improves because its heart is information or, more plainly, ideas. We can no more calculate its consequences than Babbage could have foreseen antibiotics, the Pill, or space stations.

   Further, the effects of those ideas are rapidly compounding, because a computer design is itself just a set of ideas. As we get better at manipulating ideas by building ever better computers, we get better at building even better computers-it's an ever-escalating upward spiral. The early nineteenth century, when the computer's story began, is already so far back that it may as well be the Stone Age. (Rawlins, 1997, p. 19)

   9) Weak Artificial Intelligence and Strong Artificial Intelligence

   According to weak AI, the principle value of the computer in the study of the mind is that it gives us a very powerful tool. For example, it enables us to formulate and test hypotheses in a more rigorous and precise fashion than before. But according to strong AI the computer is not merely a tool in the study of the mind; rather the appropriately programmed computer really is a mind in the sense that computers given the right programs can be literally said to understand and have other cognitive states. And according to strong AI, because the programmed computer has cognitive states, the programs are not mere tools that enable us to test psychological explanations; rather, the programs are themselves the explanations. (Searle, 1981b, p. 353)

    10) Why People Are Smarter Than Computers

   What makes people smarter than machines? They certainly are not quicker or more precise. Yet people are far better at perceiving objects in natural scenes and noting their relations, at understanding language and retrieving contextually appropriate information from memory, at making plans and carrying out contextually appropriate actions, and at a wide range of other natural cognitive tasks. People are also far better at learning to do these things more accurately and ﬂuently through processing experience.

   What is the basis for these differences? One answer, perhaps the classic one we might expect from artificial intelligence, is "software." If we only had the right computer program, the argument goes, we might be able to capture the ﬂuidity and adaptability of human information processing. Certainly this answer is partially correct. There have been great breakthroughs in our understanding of cognition as a result of the development of expressive high-level computer languages and powerful algorithms. However, we do not think that software is the whole story.

   In our view, people are smarter than today's computers because the brain employs a basic computational architecture that is more suited to deal with a central aspect of the natural information processing tasks that people are so good at.... hese tasks generally require the simultaneous consideration of many pieces of information or constraints. Each constraint may be imperfectly specified and ambiguous, yet each can play a potentially decisive role in determining the outcome of processing. (McClelland, Rumelhart & Hinton, 1986, pp. 3-4)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Computers
17 primary switch mode power supply
1. импульсный источник электропитания с коммутацией тока на первичной стороне
импульсный источник электропитания с коммутацией тока на первичной стороне
-

In primary switch mode power supplies, the AC mains voltage is first rectified and smoothed and then chopped ("switched"). Chopping means that the DC voltage is switched periodically at a frequency of 40 to 200 kHz using a power transistor.
In contrast to linearly regulated power supplies, the power transistor does not act as a variable resistor but as a switch instead. This generates a square-wave AC voltage that is transformed to the secondary circuit using a high-frequency transformer. In the secondary circuit, the voltage is rectifi ed and smoothed. The quantity of energy transformed to the secondary circuit is controlled, depending on the load, by varying the chopping rate. The longer the transistor is conductive, the higher is the quantity of energy transformed to the secondary circuit ( pulse width modulation).
Due to the use of high-frequency AC voltage, primary switch mode power supplies have the decisive advantage that their transformer can be of much smaller size than required for the transformation of low frequencies. This reduces the weight and the dissipation inside the unit. The effi ciency of these units is between 85 and 95 %. Since the output voltage does not directly depend on the input voltage, these units can be used for a wide input voltage range and can even be supplied with DC voltage. Furthermore, it is possible to buffer short-time mains voltage breakdowns up to 200 ms. However, the power failure buffering time is limited by the size of capacitor C1 since a longer buffering time requires a higher capacity and thus a bigger size of the capacitor. Especially in case of small power supplies this is not desirable.
Therefore, a practicable compromise has to be made between the size of the power supply and the buffering time.
Primary switch mode power supplies can be used for all purposes. For example, they are suitable for the supply of all kind of electronics as well as for electromechanical applications.
[ABB]

Тематики
- источники и системы электропитания
EN
- primary switch mode power supply
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > primary switch mode power supply

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