de+vigilia

cădo, cĕcĭdi, cāsum, 3 ( part. pres. gen. plur. cadentūm, Verg. A. 10, 674; 12, 410), v. n. [cf. Sanscr. çad-, to fall away].

Lit.

In an extended sense, to be driven or carried by one ' s weight from a higher to a lower point, to fall down, be precipitated, sink down, go down, sink, fall (so mostly poet.; in prose, in place of it, the compounds decĭdo, occĭdo, excĭdo, etc.; cf. also ruo, labor;

opp. surgo, sto): tum arbores in te cadent,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 25: (aves) praecipites cadunt in terram aut in aquam, fall headlong to the earth or into the water, Lucr. 6, 745; cf. id. 6, 828;

imitated by Verg.: (apes) praecipites cadunt,

Verg. G. 4, 80:

nimbus, Ut picis e caelo demissum flumen, in undas Sic cadit, etc.,

Lucr. 6, 258:

cadit in terras vis flammea,

id. 2, 215; so with in, id. 2, 209; 4, 1282; 6, 1006; 6, 1125; Prop. 4 (5), 4, 64:

in patrios pedes,

Ov. F. 2, 832.—With a different meaning:

omnes plerumque cadunt in vulnus,

in the direction of, towards their wound, Lucr. 4, 1049; cf.:

prolapsa in vulnus moribunda cecidit,

Liv. 1, 58, 11:

cadit in vultus,

Ov. M. 5, 292:

in pectus,

id. ib. 4, 579.—Less freq. with ad:

ad terras,

Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216:

ad terram,

Quint. 5, 10, 84.—The place from which is designated by ab, ex, de:

a summo cadere,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 4, 15:

a mento cadit manus,

Ov. F. 3, 20:

aves ab alto,

Plin. 10, 38, 54, § 112:

ut cadat (avis) e regione loci,

Lucr. 6, 824:

ex arbore,

Plin. 17, 20, 34, § 148; Dig. 50, 16, 30, § 4; 18, 1, 80, § 2:

cecidisse de equo dicitur,

Cic. Clu. 62, 175:

cadere de equo,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 125 (for which Cæsar, Nepos, and Pliny employ decidere):

de manibus arma cecidissent,

Cic. Phil. 14, 7, 21; cf.:

de manibus civium delapsa arma ipsa ceciderunt,

id. Off. 1, 22, 77:

cadunt altis de montibus umbrae,

Verg. E. 1, 84:

de caelo,

Lucr. 5, 791; Ov. M. 2, 322:

de matre (i. e. nasci),

Claud. in Rufin. 1, 92.—With per:

per inane profundum,

Lucr. 2, 222:

per aquas,

id. 2, 230:

per salebras altaque saxa,

Mart. 11, 91; cf.:

imbre per indignas usque cadente genas,

Ov. Tr. 1, 3, 18.—With the adverb altius: altius atque cadant summotis nubibus imbres, and poured forth from a greater height, etc., Verg. E. 6, 38.—And absol.:

folia nunc cadunt,

Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 24; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 12; Lucr. 6, 297:

ut pluere in multis regionibus et cadere imbres,

id. 6, 415:

cadens nix,

id. 3, 21; 3, 402:

velut si prolapsus cecidisset,

Liv. 1, 56, 12: quaeque ita concus [p. 259] sa est, ut jam casura putetur, Ov. P. 2, 3, 59:

cadentem Sustinuisse,

id. M. 8, 148:

saepius, of epileptics,

Plin. Val. 12, 58:

casuri, si leviter excutiantur, flosculi,

Quint. 12, 10, 73.—

Esp.

Of heavenly bodies, to decline, set (opp. orior), Ov. F. 1, 295:

oceani finem juxta solemque cadentem,

Verg. A. 4, 480; 8, 59; Tac. G. 45:

soli subjecta cadenti arva,

Avien. Descr. Orb. 273; cf. Tac. Agr. 12:

quā (nocte) tristis Orion cadit,

Hor. Epod. 10, 10:

Arcturus cadens,

id. C. 3, 1, 27.—

To separate from something by falling, to fall off or away, fall out, to drop off, be shed, etc.:

nam tum dentes mihi cadebant primulum,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 57:

dentes cadere imperat aetas,

Lucr. 5, 671; Sen. Ep. 12, 3; 83, 3:

pueri qui primus ceciderit dens,

Plin. 28, 4, 9, § 41:

barba,

Verg. E. 1, 29:

quam multa in silvis autumni frigore primo Lapsa cadunt folia,

id. A. 6, 310; cf. Cat. 11, 22; Hor. A. P. 61:

lanigeris gregibus Sponte suā lanae cadunt,

Ov. M. 7, 541:

saetae,

id. ib. 14, 303:

quadrupedibus pilum cadere,

Plin. 11, 39, 94, § 231:

poma,

Ov. M. 7, 586:

cecidere manu quas legerat, herbae,

id. ib. 14, 350:

elapsae manibus cecidere tabellae,

id. ib. 9, 571:

et colus et fusus digitis cecidere remissis,

id. ib. 4, 229.—

Of a stream, to fall, empty itself:

amnis Aretho cadit in sinum maris,

Liv. 38, 4, 3; 38, 13, 6; 44, 31, 4:

flumina in pontum cadent,

Sen. Med. 406:

flumina in Hebrum cadentia,

Plin. 4, 11, 18, § 50:

tandem in alterum amnem cadit,

Curt. 6, 4, 6.—

Of dice, to be thrown or cast; to turn up:

illud, quod cecidit forte,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 23 sq.; Liv. 2, 12, 16.—

Alicui (alicujus) ad pedes, to fall at one ' s feet in supplication, etc. (post-class. for abicio, proicio), Sen. Contr. 1, 1, 19; Eutr. 4, 7; Aug. Serm. 143, 4; Vulg. Joan. 11, 32 al.—

Super collum allcujus, to embrace (late Lat.), Vulg. Luc. 15, 20.—

In a more restricted sense.

To fall, to fall down, drop, fall to, be precipitated, etc.; to sink down, to sink, settle (the usual class. signif. in prose and poetry):

cadere in plano,

Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 17 sq.:

deorsum,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 89:

uspiam,

Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 12:

Brutus, velut si prolapsus cecidisset,

Liv. 1, 56, 12; cf. id. 5, 21, 16; 1, 58, 12:

dum timent, ne aliquando cadant, semper jacent,

Quint. 8, 5, 32:

sinistrā manu sinum ad ima crura deduxit (Caesar), quo honestius caderet,

Suet. Caes. 82:

cadere supinus,

id. Aug. 43 fin.:

in pectus pronus,

Ov. M. 4, 579:

cadunt toti montes,

Lucr. 6, 546:

radicitus exturbata (pinus) prona cadit,

Cat. 64, 109:

concussae cadunt urbes,

Lucr. 5, 1236:

casura moenia Troum,

Ov. M. 13, 375; id. H. 13, 71:

multaque praeterea ceciderunt moenia magnis motibus in terris,

Lucr. 6, 588: languescunt omnia membra;

bracchia palpebraeque cadunt,

their arms and eyelids fall, id. 4, 953; 3, 596; so,

ceciderunt artus,

id. 3, 453:

sed tibi tamen oculi, voltus, verba cecidissent,

Cic. Dom. 52, 133; cf.:

oculos vigiliā fatigatos cadentesque in opere detineo,

Sen. Ep. 8, 1:

patriae cecidere manus,

Verg. A. 6, 33:

cur facunda parum decoro Inter verba cadit lingua silentio?

Hor. C. 4, 1, 36:

cecidere illis animique manusque,

Ov. M. 7, 347; Val. Fl. 1, 300; cf. II. F. infra.—

In a pregn. signif. (as in most langg., to fall in battle, to die), to fall so as to be unable to rise, to fall dead, to fall, die (opp. vivere), Prop. 2 (3), 28, 42 (usu. of those who die in battle;

hence most freq. in the histt.): hostes crebri cadunt,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 79 sq.:

aut in acie cadendum fuit aut in aliquas insidias incidendum,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 3; Curt. 4, 1, 28; Ov. M. 7, 142:

ut cum dignitate potius cadamus quam cum ignominiā serviamus,

Cic. Phil. 3, 14, 35:

pauci de nostris cadunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 15; id. B. C. 3, 53:

optimus quisque cadere aut sauciari,

Sall. J. 92, 8; so id. C. 60, 6; id. J. 54, 10; Nep. Paus. 1, 2; id. Thras. 2, 7; id. Dat. 1, 2; 6, 1; 8, 3; Liv. 10, 35, 15 and 19; 21, 7, 10; 23, 21, 7; 29, 14, 8; Tac. G. 33; Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 27; Ov. M. 7, 142:

per acies,

Tac. A. 1, 2:

pro patriā,

Quint. 2, 15, 29:

ante diem,

Verg. A. 4, 620:

bipenni,

Ov. M. 12, 611:

ense,

Val. Fl. 1, 812.—Not in battle:

inque pio cadit officio,

Ov. M. 6, 250.—With abl. of means or instrument:

suoque Marte (i. e. suā manu) cadunt,

Ov. M. 3, 123; cf. Tac. A. 3, 42 fin.:

suā manu cecidit,

fell by his own hand, id. ib. 15, 71:

exitu voluntario,

id. H. 1, 40:

muliebri fraude cadere,

id. A. 2, 71: cecidere justā Morte Centauri, cecidit tremendae Flamma Chimaerae, Hor. C. 4, 2, 14 sq.:

manu femineā,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 1179:

femineo Marte,

Ov. M. 12, 610.—With abl. of agent with ab:

torqueor, infesto ne vir ab hoste cadat,

should be slain by, Ov. H. 9, 36; so id. M. 5, 192; Suet. Oth. 5:

a centurione volneribus adversis tamquam in pugnā,

Tac. A. 16, 9.—And without ab:

barbarae postquam cecidere turmae Thessalo victore,

Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; imitated by Claudian, IV. Cons. Hon. 89; Grat. Cyn. 315.—

Of victims, to be slain or offered, to be sacrificed, to fall ( poet.):

multa tibi ante aras nostrā cadet hostia dextrā,

Verg. A. 1, 334:

si tener pleno cadit haedus anno,

Hor. C. 3, 18, 5; Tib. 1, 1, 23; 4, 1, 15; Ov. M. 7, 162; 13, 615; id. F. 4, 653.—

In mal. part., = succumbo, to yield to, Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 104; Tib. 4, 10, 2; Sen. Contr. 1, 3, 7.—

Matre cadens, just born ( poet.), Val. Fl. 1, 355; cf. of the custom of laying the new-born child at the father's feet: tellure cadens. Stat. S. 1, 2, 209; 5, 5, 69.

Trop.

To come or fall under, to fall, to be subject or exposed to something (more rare than its compound incidere, but class.); constr. usually with sub or in, sometimes with ad:

sub sensus cadere nostros,

i. e. to be perceived by the senses, Lucr. 1, 448:

sub sensum,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 48: in cernendi sensum. id. Tim. 3:

sub oculos,

id. Or. 3, 9:

in conspectum,

to become visible, id. Tusc. 1, 22, 50:

sub aurium mensuram,

id. Or. 20, 67:

sponte suā (genus humanum) cecidit sub leges artaque jura,

subjected itself to law and the force of right, Lucr. 5, 1146; so id. 3, 848:

ad servitia,

Liv. 1, 40, 3:

utrorum ad regna,

Lucr. 3, 836; so,

sub imperium dicionemque Romanorum,

Cic. Font. 5, 12 (1, 2):

in potestatem unius,

id. Att. 8, 3, 2:

in cogitationem,

to suggest itself to the thoughts, id. N. D. 1, 9, 21:

in hominum disceptationem,

id. de Or. 2, 2, 5:

in deliberationem,

id. Off. 1, 3, 9:

in offensionem alicujus,

id. N. D. 1, 30, 85:

in morbum,

id. Tusc. 1, 32, 79:

in suspitionem alicujus,

Nep. Paus. 2, 6:

in calumniam,

Quint. 9, 4, 57:

abrupte cadere in narrationem,

id. 4, 1, 79:

in peccatum,

Aug. in Psa. 65, 13.—

In gen.: in or sub aliquem or aliquid, to belong to any object, to be in accordance with, agree with, refer to, be suitable to, to fit, suit, become (so esp. freq. in philos. and rhet. lang.):

non cadit in hos mores, non in hunc pudorem, non in hanc vitam, non in hunc hominem ista suspitio,

Cic. Sull. 27, 75:

cadit ergo in bonum virum mentiri, emolumenti sui causā?

id. Off. 3, 20, 81; so id. Cael. 29, 69; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

haec Academica... in personas non cadebant,

id. Att. 13, 19, 5:

qui pedes in orationem non cadere quī possunt?

id. Or. 56, 188:

neque in unam formam cadunt omnia,

id. ib. 11, 37; 57, 191; 27, 95; id. de Or. 3, 47, 182; Quint. 3, 7, 6; 4, 2, 37; 4, 2, 93; 6, prooem. § 5; 7, 2, 30 and 31; Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 82:

heu, cadit in quemquam tantum scelus?

Verg. E. 9, 17; Cic. Or. 27, 95; 11, 37; Quint. 3, 5, 16; 3, 6, 91; 5, 10, 30; 6, 3, 52; 7, 2, 31; 9, 1, 7;

9, 3, 92: hoc quoque in rerum naturam cadit, ut, etc.,

id. 2, 17, 32:

in iis rebus, quae sub eandem rationem cadunt,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 47; Quint. 8, 3, 56.—

To fall upon a definite time (rare):

considera, ne in alienissimum tempus cadat adventus tuus,

Cic. Fam. 15, 14, 4:

in id saeculum Romuli cecidit aetas, cum, etc.,

id. Rep. 2, 10, 18.—Hence, in mercantile lang., of payments, to fall due: in eam diem cadere ( were due) nummos, qui a Quinto debentur, Cic. Att. 15, 20, 4.—

(Acc. to I. 1. e.) Alicui, to fall to one (as by lot), fall to one ' s lot, happen to one, befall; and absol. (for accidere), to happen, come to pass, occur, result, turn out, fall out (esp. in an unexpected manner; cf. accido; very freq. in prose and poetry).

Alicui:

nihil ipsis jure incommodi cadere possit,

Cic. Quint. 16, 51:

hoc cecidit mihi peropportune, quod, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 4, 15; id. Att. 3, 1:

insperanti mihi, cecidit, ut, etc.,

id. de Or. 1, 21, 96; id. Att. 8, 3, 6; id. Mil. 30, 81:

mihi omnia semper honesta et jucunda ceciderunt,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 1:

sunt, quibus ad portas cecidit custodia sorti,

Verg. G. 4, 165:

haec aliis maledicta cadant,

Tib. 1, 6, 85:

neu tibi pro vano verba benigna cadunt,

Prop. 1, 10, 24:

ut illis... voluptas cadat dura inter saepe pericla,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 40: verba cadentia, uttered at random, id. Ep. 1, 18, 12.—

Ab sol., Afran. ap. Charis. p. 195 P.;

Cic. Leg.2, 13, 33: verebar quorsum id casurum esset,

how it would turn out, id. Att. 3, 24:

aliorsum vota ceciderunt,

Flor. 2, 4, 5:

cum aliter res cecidisset ac putasses,

had turned out differently from what was expected, Cic. Fam. 5, 19, 1:

sane ita cadebat ut vellem,

id. Att. 3, 7, 1; id. Div. 2, 52, 107; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 3; Cic. Verr. 1, 2, 5; Caes. B. C. 3, 73, Nep. Milt. 2, 5 Dähne:

cum, quae tum maxime acciderant, casura praemonens, a furioso incepto eos deterreret,

Liv. 36, 34, 3; 22, 40, 3; 35, 13, 9; 38, 46, 6; Plin. Pan. 31, 1; Tac. A. 2, 80; 6, 8; Suet. Tib. 14 al.; Verg. A. 2, 709:

ut omnia fortiter fiant, feliciter cadant,

Sen. Suas. 2, p. 14:

multa. fortuito in melius casura,

Tac. A. 2, 77.—With adj.:

si non omnia caderent secunda,

Caes. B. C. 3, 73:

vota cadunt, i.e. rata sunt,

are fulfilled, realized, Tib. 2, 2, 17 (diff. from Prop. 1, 17, 4; v. under F.).—

With in and acc.: nimia illa libertas et populis et privatis in nimiam servitutem cadit (cf. metaballei), Cic. Rep. 1, 44, 68.—Esp.: in (ad) irritum or cassum, to be frustrated, fail, be or remain fruitless:

omnia in cassum cadunt,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 147; Lucr. 2, 1166:

ad irritum cadens spes,

Liv. 2, 6, 1; so Tac. H. 3, 26:

in irritum,

id. A. 15, 39; cf. with irritus, adj.:

ut irrita promissa ejus caderent,

Liv. 2, 31, 5:

haud irritae cecidere minae,

id. 6, 35, 10.—

To fall, to become less (in strength, power, worth, etc.), to decrease, diminish, lessen:

cadunt vires,

Lucr. 5, 410:

mercenarii milites pretia militiae casura in pace aegre ferebant,

Liv. 34, 36, 7.—More freq. in an extended signif. (acc. to I. B. 2.),

To lose all one ' s strength, worth, value, etc., to fall, to perish, vanish, decay, cease.

In gen.: pellis item cecidit, vestis contempta ferina. declined in value, Lucr. 5, 1417:

turpius est enim privatim cadere (i. e. fortunis everti) quam publice,

Cic. Att. 16, 15, 6; so id. Fam. 6, 10, 2:

atque ea quidem tua laus pariter cum re publicā cecidit,

id. Off. 2, 13, 45:

tanta civitas, si cadet,

id. Har. Resp. 20, 42:

huc cecidisse Germanici exercitus gloriam, ut, etc.,

Tac. H. 3, 13:

non tibi ingredienti fines ira cecidit?

Liv. 2, 40, 7; Pers. 5, 91:

amicitia nec debilitari animos aut cadere patitur,

Cic. Lael. 7, 23:

animus,

to fail, Liv. 1, 11, 3; Ov. M. 11, 537; cf. id. ib. 7, 347:

non debemus ita cadere animis, etc.,

to lose courage, be disheartened, Cic. Fam. 6, 1, 4:

tam graviter,

id. Off. 1, 21, 73; cf. Sen. Ep. 8, 3.—Esp., to fail in speaking:

magnus orator est... minimeque in lubrico versabitur, et si semel constiterit numquam cadet,

Cic. Or. 28, 98:

alte enim cadere non potest,

id. ib. —So in the lang. of the jurists, causā or formulā, to lose one ' s cause or suit:

causā cadere,

Cic. Inv. 2, 19, 57; so id. de Or. 1, 36, 166 sq.; id. Fam. 7, 14, 1; Quint. 7, 3, 17; Luc. 2, 554; Suet. Calig. 39:

formulā cadere,

Sen. Ep. 48, 10; Quint. 3, 6, 69.—With in:

ita quemquam cadere in judicio, ut, etc.,

Cic. Mur. 28, 58.—Also absol.:

cadere,

Tac. H. 4, 6; and:

criminibus repetundarum,

id. ib. 1, 77:

conjurationis crimine,

id. A. 6, 14:

ut cecidit Fortuna Phrygum,

Ov. M. 13, 435:

omniaque ingrato litore vota cadunt, i. e. irrita sunt,

remain unfulfilled, unaccomplished, Prop. 1, 17, 4 (diff. from Tib. 2, 2, 17; v. above, D. 2.); cf.:

at mea nocturno verba cadunt zephyro,

Prop. 1, 16, 34:

multa renascentur, quae jam cecidere, cadentque Quae nunc sunt in honore vocabula,

to fall into disuse, grow out of date, Hor. A. P. 70 —Hence of theatrical representations, to fall through, to fail, be condemned (opp. stare, to win applause;

the fig. derived from combatants): securus cadat an recto stet fabula talo,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 176.— Impers.. periculum est, ne cadatur, Aug. Don. Persev. 1.—

Esp. of the wind (opp. surgo), to abate, subside, die away, etc.:

cadit Eurus et umida surgunt Nubila,

Ov. M. 8, 2:

ventus premente nebulā cecidit,

Liv. 29, 27, 10:

cadente jam Euro,

id. 25, 27, 11:

venti vis omnis cecidit,

id. 26, 39, 8:

ubi primum aquilones ceciderunt,

id. 36, 43, 11; cf.:

sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor,

Verg. A. 1, 154:

ventosi ceciderunt murmuris aurae,

id. E. 9, 58; id. G. 1, 354 Serv. and Wagn.—

Rhet. and gram. t. t. of words, syllables, clauses, etc., to be terminated, end, close:

verba melius in syllabas longiores cadunt,

Cic. Or. 57, 194; 67, 223: qua (littera [p. 260] sc. m) nullum Graece verbum cadit, Quint. 12, 10, 31:

plerique censent cadere tantum numerose oportere terminarique sententiam,

Cic. Or. 59, 199; so id. Brut. 8, 34:

apto cadens oratio,

Quint. 9, 4, 32:

numerus opportune cadens,

id. 9, 4, 27:

ultima syllaba in gravem vel duas graves cadit semper,

id. 12, 10, 33 Spald.: similiter cadentia = omoioptôta, the ending of words with the same cases or verbal forms, diff. from similiter desinentia = omoioteleuta, similar endings of any kind, Cic. de Or. 3, 54, 206; id. Or. 34, 135; Auct. Her. 4, 20, 28; Quint. 9, 4, 42; cf. id. 9, 4, 18; 9, 3, 78; 9, 3, 79; 1, 7, 23; Aquil. Rom. Figur. §§ 25 and 26.

castrensis, e, adj. [castra], of or per-taining to the camp, camp-:

ratio ac militaris,

Cic. Cael. 5, 11:

arma,

Prop. 3 (4), 9, 19:

consilium,

Liv. 44, 35, 4:

triumphus,

id. 7, 36, 8: corona, awarded to him who first entered the enemy ' s camp, acc. to Gell. 5, 6, 17; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 57 Müll. (also called vallaris, v. h. v.):

jurisdictio,

Tac. Agr. 9:

ludi,

Suet. Tib. 72 Oud.:

jocus,

id. Calig. 9:

vigilia,

Plin. 10, 21, 24, § 46: exsilium. sarcastically, for military service, Just. 14, 4, 14: verbum, a military phrase (e. g. conterraneus, copiari, q. v.), Plin. praef. § 1 Sill.; Gell. 17, 2, 9:

pensa,

Prop. 4 (5), 3, 33:

peculium,

obtained in military service, Dig. 49, 17, 11 v. peculium: creditores, who have a claim against the soldier ' s pay, ib. 49, 17, 7.—

Subst.: castrensis, is, m.

A soldier in the camp:

quietem omnibus castrensibus dare,

Front. Strat. 2, 5, 30.—

A high officer of the imperial court of Constantinople, Cod. Th. 6, 32, 1; 12, 1, 38.

cēnseo (on the long e, v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, p. 257 sq.), ui, censum (late Lat. censitum, Cod. Just. 11, 47 tit.; 11, 49 tit.; 11, 47, 4 al.; but not in Monum. Ancyr.; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, 557), 2, v. a. [etym. dub.; often referred to root cas-, whence carmen, camoenus; but prob. from centum, orig. centere, to hundred or number the people; cf. Fischer, Gram. 1, p. 373].

To tax, assess, rate, estimate.

In reference to the census (v. census).

Of the censor (v. censor).

Rarely act. with acc. of the persons or objects assessed or rated; but usu. pass., with subj. -nom.:

censores populi aevitates, suboles, familias, pecuniasque censento,

Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 7:

census quom sum, juratori recte rationem dedi,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 30:

censor ad quojus censionem, id est arbitrium, populus censeretur,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 81 Mull.:

census... indicat eum qui sit census se jam tum gessisse pro cive,

Cic. Arch. 5, 11: absentis censere jubere, P. Scipio ap. Gell. 5, 19, 16: ne absens censeare. Cic. Att. 1, 18, 8:

sub lustrum censeri,

id. ib.:

milia octoginta eo lustro civium censa dicuntur,

Liv. 1, 44, 2:

censa civium capita centum septendecim milia trecenta undeviginti,

id. 3, 24, 10; id. Epit. lib. 11; 13; 14:

censebantur ejus aetatis lustris ducena quinquagena milia capitum,

id. 9, 19, 2:

cum capitum liberorum censa essent CLII. milia,

Plin. 33, 1, 5, § 16: quid se vivere, quid in parte civium censeri, si... id obtinere universi non possint? Liv 7, 18, 5.—

With the amount at which the property was rated, in the acc.: or abl.:

praesertim census equestrem Summam nummorum,

being assessed with the estate necessary to a Roman knight, Hor. A. P. 383:

primae classis homines quicentum et viginti quinque milia aeris ampliusve censi erant... Ceterarumque omnium classium qui minore summa aeris censebantur,

Gell. 7 (6), 13, 1 sq.—Hence, capite censi, those who were assessed ac cording to their ability to labor: qui nullo [p. 312] aut perquam parvo aere censebantur capite censi vocabantur. Extremus autem census capite censorum aeris fuit trecentis septuaginta quinque, Jul. Paul. ap. Gell. 16, 10, 10; Sall. J. 86, 2; Gell. 16, 10, 11; 16, 10, 14; Val. Max. 2, 3, 1; 7, 6, 1;

and in the finite verb: omnia illius (i. e. sapientis) esse dicimus, cum... capite censebitur,

Sen. Ben. 7, 8, 1. —

Absol. in gerund.: censendi, censendo, ad censendum = census agendi, censui agendo, etc.: haec frequentia quae convenit ludorum censendique causa (i.e. census agendi causa, for the sake of the census), Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 54:

mentio inlata apud senatum est, rem operosam... suo proprio magistratu egere... cui arbitrium formulae censendi subiceretur,

the scheme for taking the census, Liv. 4, 8, 4:

quia is censendo finis factus est,

id. 1, 44, 2:

civis Romanos ad censendum ex provinciis in Italiam revocarunt,

Vell. 2, 15:

aetatem in censendo significare necesse est... aetas autem spectatur censendi tempore,

Dig. 50, 15, 3.—

Censum censere = censum agere, only in the gerundial dat.:

illud quaero, sintne illa praedia censui censendo, habeant jus civile,

are they subject to the census, Cic. Fl. 32, 80: censores... edixerunt, legem censui censendo dicturos esse ut, etc., that he would add a rule for the taking of the census, according to which, etc., Liv. 43, 14, 5: censui censendo agri proprie appellantur qui et emi et venire jure civili possunt, Paul. ex Fest. p. 58, 5 Mull.—

Of the assessment of the provinces under provincial officers (censores, and, under the later emperors, censitores).

Pass., with the territory as subject-nom.: quinto quoque anno Sicilia tota censetur;

erat censa praetore Paeducaeo... quintus annus cum in te praetorem incidisset, censa denuo est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 56, § 139:

omne territorium censeatur quoties, etc.,

Cod. Just. 11, 58 (57), 4.—

The persons assessed as subject:

ubi (coloni) censiti atque educati natique sunt,

Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 6:

quos in locis eisdem censitos esse constabit,

ib. 11, 48 (47), 4.—With part. as attribute:

rusticos censitosque servos vendi,

Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 7.—

To determine by the census:

cum antea per singulos viros, per binas vero mulieres capitis norma sit censa,

Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 10:

nisi forte privilegio aliquo materna origo censeatur,

Dig. 50, 1, 1, § 2.—

Act. with acc.:

vos terras vestras levari censitione vultis, ego vero etiam aerem vestrum censere vellem,

Spart. Pescen. Nig. 7.—

Of the person assessed, to value, make a statement of one ' s property in the census.

Act. with acc.:

in qua tribu ista praedia censuisti?

Cic. Fl. 32, 80.—

Censeri, as dep. with acc.:

census es praeterea numeratae pecuniae CXXX. Census es mancipia Amyntae... Cum te audisset servos suos esse censum, constabat inter omnes, si aliena censendo Decianus sua facere posset, etc.,

Cic. Fl. 32, 80; cf. Ov. P. 1, 2, 140; v. B. 2. c.—

Hence, subst.: cēnsum, i, n.: quorum luxuries fortunata censa peperit, i.e. high estimates of property in the census, Cic. ap. Non. 202, 23 (Fragm. vol. xi. p. 134 B. and K.).

Transf., of things and persons in gen., to value, estimate, rate.

By a figure directly referring to the Roman census: aequo mendicus atque ille opulentissimus Censetur censu ad Acheruntem mortuus, will be rated by an equal census, i.e. in the same class, without considering their property, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 93: vos qui potestis ope vostra censerier, referring to a part of the audience, you, who may be rated according to your intelligence, analog. to capite censi (v. I. A. 1. b), id. Capt. prol. 15:

nam argumentum hoc hic censebitur,

will be rated, its census-class will be determined here, id. Poen. prol. 56: id in quoque optimum esse debet cui nascitur, quo censetur, according to which he is rated, i.e. his worth is determined, Sen. Ep. 76, 8.—And with two acc.: quintus Phosphorus, Junonia, immo Veneris stella censetur, is ranked as the fifth, App. de Mundo, p. 710.—

With direct reference to the census.

= aestimo, to estimate, weigh, value, appreciate.

With gen. of price:

dic ergo quanti censes?

Plaut. Rud. 4, 8, 8.—

In the pass.: si censenda nobis atque aestimanda res sit, utrum tandem pluris aestimemus pecuniam Pyrrhi? etc., if we have to weigh and estimate a thing, etc., Cic. Par. 6, 2, 48:

anule... In quo censendum nil nisi dantis amor,

Ov. Am. 2, 15, 2:

interim autem facta sola censenda dicit atque in judicium vocanda,

Gell. 7 (6), 3, 47.—

= honorari, celebrari, with de aliquo, = for the sake of somebody (in Ovid):

pro quibus ut maneat, de quo censeris, amicus, Comprecor, etc.,

the friend for the sake of whom you are celebrated, who is the cause of your renown, Ov. P. 2, 5, 73:

hoc domui debes de qua censeris,

id. ib. 3, 1, 75.—

Censeri, dep., = to distinguish, with acc. only once or twice in Ovid (v. I. A. 3. b):

hanc semper... Est inter comites Marcia censa suas,

has always distinguished her, Ov. P. 1, 2, 140.—

Censeri aliqua re.

= to be appreciated, distinguished, celebrated for some quality, as if the quality were a standard determining the census, analog. to capite censeri (v. I. A. 1. b), very freq. in post-class. writings:

Democritus cum divitiis censeri posset,

when he might have been celebrated for his wealth, Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 4:

Aristides quo totius Graeciae justitia censetur (quo = cujus justitia),

id. 5, 3, ext. 3 med.: te custode matronalis stola censetur ( = tua, i.e. pudicitiae, custodia), the stola, etc., is appreciated for thy custody, id. 6, 1 prooem.:

una adhuc victoria Carius Metius censebatur,

Tac. Agr. 45:

ut ipsi quoque qui egerunt non aliis magis orationibus censeantur,

id. Dial. 39 fin.: non vitibus tantum censeri Chium, sed et operibus Anthermi filiorum, is celebrated not only for its grapes, but, etc., Plin. 36, 5, 2, § 12:

et Galliae censentur hoc reditu,

id. 19, 1, 2, § 7:

quisquis paulo vetustior miles, hic te commilitone censetur,

is distinguished for the fact that you were his fellow-soldier, Plin. Pan. 15 fin.:

multiplici variaque doctrina censebatur,

Suet. Gram. 10:

felix quae tali censetur munere tellus,

Mart. 9, 16, 5: censetur Apona Livio suo tellus, = for the fact that Livy was born there, id. 1, 61, 3:

hi duo longaevo censentur Nestore fundi,

for the fact that Nestor used them, id. 8, 6, 9:

nec laude virorum censeri contenta fuit (Iberia),

Claud. Laud. Seren. 67:

libri mei non alia laude carius censentur, quam quod judicio vestro comprobantur,

App. Flor. 4, 18, 3.—Hence,

= to be known by something (Appuleian):

hoc nomine censebatur jam meus dominus,

App. M. 8, p. 171:

nomen quo tu censeris aiebat,

id. ib. 5, p. 106: pro studio bibendi quo solo censetur, either known by, or distinguished for, id. Mag. p. 499:

globorum caelestium supremum esse eum qui inerrabili meatu censetur,

which is known by its unerring course, id. Phil. Nat. 1, p. 582.— And,

As gram. t. t., to be marked by some peculiarity, according to which a word is classified: neque de armis et moeniis infitias eo quin figura multitudinis perpetua censeantur, that they are marked by the form of constant plurality, i. e. that they are pluralia tantum, Gell. 19, 8, 5; 10, 20, 8; 19, 13, 3.

Of transactions in and by the Senate, to judge (in the meanings II. and III. the passive voice is not in class. use, while in I. the passive voice is by far the most freq.).

To be of opinion, to propose, to vote, to move, referring to the votes of the senators when asked for their opinions (sententiam dicere).

With a (passive) inf.-clause, denoting what should be decreed by the Senate (esse usu. omitted): rex his ferme verbis patres consulebat... Dic, inquit ei, quid censes? tum ille Puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo, I am of the opinion ( I move, propose) that satisfaction should be sought, etc., ancient formula ap. Liv. 1, 32, 11 sq.:

primum igitur acta Caesaris servanda censeo,

Cic. Phil. 1, 7, 16:

hoc autem tempore ita censeo decernendum,

id. ib. 5, 17, 45; 5, 6, 16; 5, 12, 31; 5, 12, 34; 5, 13, 36; 5, 14, 38; 5, 19, 53; 6, 1, 2; 9, 6, 14; 11, 15, 40; 12, 7, 17; 14, 1, 1; 14, 13, 35; cf.

Regulus's advice in the Senate, being represented as a vote: captivos in senatu reddendos non censuit,

Cic. Off. 1, 13, 39; 3, 31, 111:

quare ita ego censeo... de confessis more majorum supplicium sumendum,

Sall. C. 52, 36; 51, 8; 52, 14:

Appius imperio consulari rem agendam censebat,

Liv. 2, 23, 15:

ut multi (senatores) delendam urbem censerent,

id. 9, 26, 3; 2, 29, 7; 3, 40, 13; 10, 12, 1; 34, 4, 20; 38, 54, 6: cum ejus diei senatus consulta aureis litteris figenda in curia censuisset, Tac. A. 3, 57:

ut nonnulli dedendum eum hostibus censuerint,

Suet. Caes. 24; so id. ib. 14; id. Aug. 100; id. Tib. 4; id. Calig. 60; id. Claud. 26; id. Ner. 2; id. Vesp. 2. Of the emperor's vote in the Senate:

commutandam censuit vocem, et pro peregrina nostratem requirendam,

Suet. Tib. 71; so id. ib. 34; id. Aug. 55.—And with the copula expressed (very rare):

qui censet eos... morte esse multandos,

Cic. Cat. 4, 4, 7.—Sometimes referring to sententia as subject:

sententia quae censebat reddenda bona (inst. of eorum qui censebant),

Liv. 2, 4, 3.—Sometimes with oportere for the gerundial predic. inf.:

quibusdam censentibus (eum) Romulum appellari oportere,

Suet. Aug. 7.—With pres. inf., inst. of a gerundial:

hac corona civica L. Gellius in senatu Ciceronem consulem donari a re publica censuit,

Gell. 5, 6, 15 (cf. II. B. 1. b.).—If the opinion of the senator does not refer to the chief question, but to incidental points, the predic. inf. may have any form:

eas leges quas M. Antonius tulisse dicitur omnes censeo per vim et contra auspicia latas, eisque legibus populum non teneri,

Cic. Phil. 5, 4, 10:

cum magna pars senatus... cum tyrannis bellum gerendum fuisse censerent... et urbem recipi, non capi, etc.,

Liv. 26, 32, 2.—

With ut, and negatively, ut ne or ne, generally when the clause has an active predicate, but also with passives instead of the gerundial inf.-clause:

de ea re ita censeo uti consules designati dent operam uti senatus Kal. Jan. tuto haberi possit,

Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 37:

censeo ut iis qui in exercitu Antonii sunt, ne sit ea res fraudi, si, etc.,

id. ib. 5, 12, 34:

censebant omnes fere (senatores) ut in Italia supplementum meis et Bibuli legionibus scriberetur,

id. Fam. 3, 3, 1:

Cn. Pompeius (in senatu) dixit, sese... censere ut ad senatus auctoritatem populi quoque Romani beneficium erga me adjungeretur,

id. Sest. 34, 74:

quas ob res ita censeo: eorum qui cum M. Antonio sunt, etc.... iis fraudi ne sit quod cum M. Antonio fuerint,

id. Phil. 8, 11, 33:

Calidius, qui censebat ut Pompeius in suas provincias proficisceretur,

Caes. B. C. 1, 2:

censuerunt quidam (senatores) ut Pannonicus, alii ut Invictus cognominaretur,

Suet. Tib. 17:

iterum censente ut Trebianis... concederetur (of the emperor's vote in the Senate),

id. ib. 31.—And an inf.-clause, with neu or ut:

sed ita censeo: publicandas eorum pecunias, etc.: neu quis postea de his ad senatum referat, etc.,

Sall. C. 51, 43:

qui partem bonorum publicandam, pars ut liberis relinqueretur, censuerat,

Tac. A. 4, 20.—

With a subj.-clause, without ut (rare in this connection;

v. III. C. 3.): K. Fabius censuit... occuparent patres ipsi suum munus facere, captivum agrum plebi quam maxime aequaliter darent,

Liv. 2, 48, 2.— And ironically with regard to incidental points: vereamini censeo ne... nimis aliquid severe statuisse videamini, I propose you should be afraid of having decreed too severe a punishment = of course, you will not be afraid, etc., Cic. Cat. 4, 6, 13: misereamini censeo—deliquere homines adulescentuli per ambitionem—atque etiam armatos dimittatis, I propose that you pity them, etc., or I advise you to be merciful, Sall. C. 52, 26.—

Ellipt., with a gerundial clause understood:

dic quid censes (i. e. decernendum),

Liv. 1, 32, 11: quod ego mea sententia censebam (i.e. decernendum), Cato ap. Cic. Fam. 15, 5, 2:

senati decretum fit, sicut ille censuerat,

Sall. C. 53, 1:

quas ob res ita censeo... senatui placere, etc. ( = ita decernendum censeo, etc.),

Cic. Phil. 9, 7, 15, § 17 sq.; 10, 11, 25 sq.; 11, 12, 29 sq.; 14, 14, 36 sq.—

= sententiam dicere, to tell, to express one ' s opinion in the Senate (post-class.).

Absol.: Priscus Helvidius.. contra studium ejus (sc. Vitellii) censuerat, had voted, or had expressed an opinion against his wishes, Tac. H. 2, 91:

cum parum sit, in senatu breviter censere, nisi, etc.,

id. Dial. 36 fin.:

sententias... prout libuisset perrogabat... ac si censendum magis quam adsentiendum esset,

Suet. Aug. 35:

igitur Cn. Piso, quo, inquit, loco censebis, Caesar? si primus, etc.,

Tac. A. 1, 74.—

With adjectives in the neuter, substantively used: nec quoquam reperto (in senatu) qui... referre aut censere aliquid auderet, who dared to express an opinion on any [p. 313] thing, Suet. Caes. 20:

per dissensionem diversa censentium,

of the senators who expressed different opinions, id. Claud. 10.—

With interrog. or rel.-clause:

deinde ageret senatorem et censeret quid corrigi aut mutari vellet,

Tac. A. 16, 28:

cum censeat aliquis (in senatu) quod ex parte mihi placeat,

Sen. Ep. 21, 9.

Of the decrees or resolutions of the Senate, = decernere, placere, to resolve, decree.

With inf.-clause.

With gerund, without copula (v. II. A. 1.):

eum, cujus supplicio senatus sollennes religiones expiandas saepe censuit,

Cic. Mil. 27, 73:

eos senatus non censuit redimendos,

id. Off. 3, 32, 114; so id. N. D. 2, 4, 10; id. Verr. 2, 3, 6, § 15:

senatus Caelium ab republica removendum censuit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 21:

senatus censuit frequens coloniam Labicos deducendam,

Liv. 4, 47, 6; 5, 24, 4:

cum bello persequendos Tusculanos patres censuissent,

id. 6, 25, 5; 3, 42, 6; 3, 49, 8; 7, 19, 7 et saep.—

With pres. inf. pass. or act., with the force of a gerundial:

de bonis regiis quae reddi antea censuerant ( = reddenda),

Liv. 2, 5, 1:

munera mitti legatis ex binis milibus aeris censuerunt (i.e. patres),

id. 43, 5, 8; so id. 45, 44, 15 (v. 2. b.):

eundem jus dicere Romae... patres censuerant,

id. 45, 12, 13:

cum senatus unum consulem, nominatimque Gnaeum Pompeium fieri censuisset,

Suet. Caes. 26.—With both act. and pass. inf.:

censuere patres, duas provincias Hispaniam rursus fieri... et Macedoniam Illyricumque eosdem... obtinere,

Liv. 45, 16, 1.—With both pres. pass. and gerund. inff.:

haec ita movere senatum, ut non expectanda comitia consuli censerent, sed dictatorem... dici,

Liv. 27, 5, 14.—

And with velle: senatus verbis nuntient, velle et censere eos ab armis discedere, etc.,

Sall. J. 21, 4.—

With ut or ne.

In the words of the Senate, according to formula: quod L. Opimius verba fecit de re publica, de ea re ita censuerunt uti L. Opimius consul rem publicam defenderet, etc., ancient S. C. ap. Cic. Phil. 8, 4, 14: quod, etc., de ea re ita censuerunt ut M. Pomponius praetor animadverteret curaretque ut si, etc., S. C. ap. Suet. Rhet. 1; Gell. 15, 4, 1.—And with gerundial inf.-clause: quod C. Julius pontifex... de ea re ita censuerunt, uti M. Antonius consul hostiis majoribus... procuraret... Ibus uti procurasset satis habendum censuerunt, S. C. ap. Gell. 4, 6, 2.—

As related by the historians, etc.:

quoniam senatus censuisset, uti quicunque Galliam provinciam obtineret... Aeduos defenderet,

Caes. B. G. 1, 35:

patres censuerunt uti consules provincias inter se compararent,

Liv. 30, 40, 12:

senatus censuit ut domus ei... publica impensa restitueretur,

Suet. Claud. 6;

so with reference to the civil law,

Dig. 49, 14, 15 quater. —With ne:

senatum censuisse, ne quis illo anno genitus educaretur,

Suet. Aug. 94.—And with inf -clause:

filio regis Nicomedi ex ea summa munera dari censuerunt, et ut victimae... praeberentur,

Liv. 45, 44, 15.—

With a subj.-clause (very rare):

senatus consulto quo censeretur, darent operam consules, etc.,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 73, 10.—

With neutr. acc. pron. in place of a clause:

cum vero id senatus frequens censuisset (sc. faciendum),

Cic. Pis. 8, 18:

ite in suffragium, et quae patres censuerunt vos jubete,

Liv. 31, 7, 14:

quodcunque vos censueritis,

id. 34, 7, 15:

quodpatres censuissent,

id. 28, 45, 2.—

With accusative of a noun, or a noun as passive subject, to decree or vote a thing (postclass.):

nec tamen repertum nisi ut effigies principum, aras deum, templa et arcus aliaque solita... censuere,

Tac. A. 3, 57:

aram Clementiae, aram Amicitiae, effigiesque... censuere,

id. ib. 4, 74: cum censeretur clipeus auro et magnitudine insignis inter auctores eloquentiae ( to be placed among, etc.), id. ib. 2, 83.—

With both acc. and dat.

The dat. = against:

bellum Samnitibus et patres censuerunt et populus jussit,

Liv. 10, 12, 3.—

The dat. = in behalf of:

censentur Ostorio triumphi insignia,

Tac. A. 12, 38.—And with ut:

sententiis eorum qui supplicationes et... vestem Principi triumphalem, utque ovans urbem iniret, effigiesque ejus... censuere,

id. ib. 13, 8.

Transf.

Of the opinions and resolutions of other deliberating bodies, or of their members, to resolve, or to be of opinion.

With inf.-clause.

Gerundial:

erant qui censerent de tertia vigilia in castra Cornelia recedendum (council of war),

Caes. B. C. 2, 30:

erant sententiae quae conandum omnibus modis castraque Vari oppugnanda censerent,

id. ib.; so id. ib. 2, 31; id. B. G. 2, 31 fin.; 7, 21; 7, 77:

pontifices, consules, patres conscripti mihi... pecunia publica aedificandam domum censuerunt,

Cic. Pis. 22, 52: nunc surgendum censeo, I move we adjourn (in a literary meeting), id. de Or. 2, 90, 367:

cum... pontifices solvendum religione populum censerent,

Liv. 5, 23, 9:

nunc has ruinas relinquendas non censerem (in an assembly of the people),

id. 5, 53, 3:

ego ita censeo, legatos extemplo Romam mittendos (in the Carthaginian Senate),

id. 21, 10, 13:

ante omnia Philippum et Macedonas in societatem belli... censeo deducendos esse (Hannibal in a council of war),

id. 36, 7, 3; 5, 36, 8; Curt. 10, 6, 22; 10, 8, 12:

cum septem judices cognovissent, duo censuerunt, reum exilio multandum, duo alii pecunia, tres reliqui capite puniendum,

Gell. 9, 15, 7.—And with oportere inst. of a gerundial clause (referring to duty):

neque sine gravi causa eum locum quem ceperant, dimitti censuerant oportere,

Caes. B. C. 1, 44.—With opus esse ( = expediency):

Parmenio furto, non proelio opus esse censebat,

Curt. 10, 8, 12.—

With ordinary pres. inf.

In place of a gerundial:

Antenor censet belli praecidere = praecidendam causam (in a council of war),

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 9.—

Denoting opinion about an existing state:

Hasdrubal ultimam Hispaniae oram... ignaram adhuc Romanorum esse, eoque Carthaginiensibus satis fidam censebat,

Liv. 27, 20, 6:

Parmenio non alium locum proelio aptiorem esse censebat,

Curt. 3, 7, 8.—

With ut or ne:

censeo ut satis diu te putes requiesse et iter reliquum conficere pergas (in a literary meeting),

Cic. de Or. 2, 71, 290:

plerique censebant ut noctu iter facerent (council of war),

Caes. B. C. 1, 67:

et nunc magnopere censere, ut unam anum... triginta milibus talentum auri permutet (council of war),

Curt. 4, 11, 12:

censeout D. Claudius ex hac die deus fiat (council of the gods),

Sen. Lud. Mort. Claud. 9, 5: antiquos audio censuisse, ne (praenomina) cui ejusdem gentis patricio inderentur, resolved (family council), Gell. 9, 2, 11 (cf. Liv. 6, 20, 14).—

With subj.-clause:

nunc quoque arcessas censeo omnes navalis terrestrisque copias (Hannibal in council of war),

Liv. 36, 7, 17: censeo relinquamus nebulonem hunc, eamus hinc protinus Jovi Optimo Maximo gratulatum (assembly of the people), Scipio Afric. ap. Gell. 4, 18, 3.—

With acc. neutr. of a pron. or adj. substantively used:

ego pro sententia mea hoc censeo: quandoquidem, etc.,

Sen. Lud. Mort. Claud. 11, 4:

nec dubitavere quin vera censeret,

that his opinion was correct, Curt. 10, 6, 18.—

Ellipt.:

sententiis quarum pars deditionem, pars eruptionem censebat (i.e. faciendam),

Caes. B. G. 7, 77 init.:

ita uti censuerant Italici deditionem facit,

Sall. J. 26, 2; so Caes. B. G. 7, 75.

Of the orders of persons in authority (cf. II. B.).

Of commanders, etc., by courtesy, inst. of velle, imperare, or a direct imperative sentence.

With gerundial inf. - clause: non tam imperavi quam censui sumptus legatis quam maxime ad legem Corneliam decernendos, I said, not strictly as an order, but as an opinion that, etc. (Cicero as proconsul), Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 6.—

With subj.-clause: arma quae ad me missuri eratis, iis censeo armetis milites quos vobiscum habetis, you had better, etc., Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, A, 4. —

Of an order by the people (rare;

gen. populus jubet): ita id (foedus) ratum fore si populus censuisset (i. e. confirmandum esse),

Liv. 21, 19, 3.—

Of the later emperors, in their ordinances (censemus = placet nobis, sancimus, imperamus, from the custom of the earlier emperors, who conveyed their commands in the form of an opinion in the senate; v. II. A. 1.).—With inf.clause, ut, ne, and subj.-clause:

sex mensium spatium censemus debere servari,

Cod. Just. 11, 48 (47), 7:

censemus ut, etc.,

ib. 12, 37 (38), 13:

censemus ne, etc.,

ib. 12, 44 (45), 1: censemus vindicet, remaneat, ib. 11, 48 (47), 23:

in commune jubes si quid censesve tenendum, Primus jussa subi,

Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 296.

Of advice, given by one person to another (further development of III. A.).

Ante-class. formula: faciundum censeo = I advise, with ut-clause, with quid, sic, etc.: censeo faciundum ut quadringentos aliquos milites ad verrucam illam ire jubeas, etc., I advise you to order, etc., Cato ap. Gell. 3, 7, 6:

ego Tiresiam... consulam, Quid faciundum censeat,

consult Tiresias as to what he advises, for his advice, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 80:

consulam hanc rem amicos quid faciundum censeant,

id. Men. 4, 3, 26; id. Most. 3, 1, 23:

sic faciundum censeo: Da isti cistellam, etc.,

id. Cist. 4, 2, 104:

ego sic faciundum censeo: me honestiu'st Quam te, etc.,

id. As. 4, 2, 11; id. Ep. 2, 2, 91:

sane faciundum censeo,

id. Stich. 4, 2, 38.—

With ordinary gerundial inf.-clauses:

narrandum ego istuc militi censebo,

I advise you to let the soldier know that, Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 42:

exorando sumendam operam censeo,

id. Stich. 1, 2, 22:

quid nunc consili captandum censes?

id. As. 2, 2, 91; id. Mil. 5, 25; id. Most. 1, 3, 115:

idem tibi censeo faciendum,

Cic. Off. 10, 1, 3:

quos quidem tibi studiose et diligenter tractandos magno opere censeo,

id. Fin. 4, 28, 79; id. Fam. 12, 28, 2.—Sometimes by aequum censere with an inf.-clause (in the comic poets):

amicos consulam quo me modo Suspendere aequom censeant potissumum,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 50: qui homo cum animo... depugnat suo, Utrum ita se esse mavelit ut eum animus aequom censeat, An ita potius ut parentes... velint i. e. as his mind prompts him, id. Trin. 2, 2, 29; cf. E. 1. b. 8.—

With a subj.clause (so esp. with censeo in 1 st pers.): censen' hominem interrogem? do you advise me to ask the man? etc., Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 20:

tu, si videbitur, ita censeo facias ut... supersedeas hoc labore itineris (cf.: faciundum censeo ut, 1. supra),

Cic. Fam. 4, 2, 4:

immo plane, inquam, Brute, legas (Gracchum) censeo,

id. Brut. 33, 125:

tu, si forte quid erit molestiae te ad Crassum et Calidium conferas censeo,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 7:

tu, censeo, tamen adhibeas Vettium,

id. Att. 2, 4, 7:

quae disputari de amicitia possunt, ab iis censeo petatis qui ista profitentur,

id. Lael. 5, 17: tu, censeo, Luceriam venias: nusquam eris tutius, Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 1, 1; 8, 11, A:

censeo Via Appia iter facias, et celeriter Brundusium venias,

id. ib. 8, 11, C: ad Caesarem mittas censeo, et ab eo hoc petas, Anton. ib. 10, 10, 2: sed hos tamen numeros censeo videas hodou parergon, Gell. 17, 20, 5:

quam scit uterque, libens censebo exerceat artem,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 44 (cf. Liv. 36, 7, 17, and Gell. 4, 18, 3, quoted III. A. 3.).—Of an advice given to an adversary, with irony:

cetera si qua putes te occultius facere posse... magnopere censeo desistas,

I strongly advise you to give up that idea, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 68, § 174:

sed tu, Acci, consideres censeo diligenter, utrum censorum judicium grave esse velis an Egnatii,

id. Clu. 48, 135:

postulant ut excipiantur haec inexplicabilia. Tribunum censeant: aliquem adeant: a me... numquam impetrabunt,

id. Ac. 2, 30, 97:

ibi quaeratis socios censeo, ubi Saguntina clades ignota est,

Liv. 21, 19, 10:

solvas censeo, Sexte, creditori,

Mart. 2, 13, 2.—And in jest:

Treviros vites censeo, audio capitalis esse,

Cic. Fam. 7, 13, 2:

hi Plebei fuerunt, quos contemnas censeo... qua re ad patres censeo revertare,

id. ib. 9, 21, 3:

vites censeo porticum Philippi: si te viderit Hercules, peristi,

Mart. 5, 49, 13; so id. ib. 11, 99, 8; 12, 61, 7.—For ironical senatorial advice, by which the contrary is meant, v. Cic. Cat. 4, 6, 13; Sall. C. 52, 26, quoted II. A. 3.—

With an ut-clause (with monere;

very rare): illud tamen vel tu me monuisse vel censuisse puta... ut tu quoque animum inducas, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 4, 8, 2.—

With a clause understood: quo me vortam nescio: Pa. Si deos salutas, dextrovorsum censeo (i.e. id facias or faciundum censeo), Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 70: quo redeam? Pe. Equidem ad phrygionem censeo (i. e. redeas), id. Men. 4, 2, 53:

quid nunc censes, Chrysale? (i. e. faciundum),

id. Bacch. 4, 8, 112:

ita faciam ut frater censuit,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 2, 11:

tibi igitur hoc censeo (i. e. faciendum): latendum tantisper ibidem, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 9, 2, 4: tu [p. 314] potes Kalendis spectare gladiatores, et ita censeo, id. ib. 16, 20:

quid censes igitur? Ecquidnam est tui consilii ad? etc.,

id. Att. 9, 12, 4: quid igitur censet (sapientia)? What is wisdom ' s advice? id. Phil. 13, 3, 6:

scribi quid placeat, quid censeas,

id. Att. 9, 19,4:

ibitur igitur, et ita quidem ut censes,

id. ib. 10, 15, 3:

disce, docendus adhuc, quae censet amiculus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 3.

Of opinions and views on general questions, to be of opinion, think, believe, hold (cf.: statuo, existimo, puto, aio, dico; freq. in class. prose; very rare in post-class. writers except Gellius; never with ut, ne, or subj.-clause).

With inf.-clause:

Plato mundum esse factum censet a deo sempiternum,

Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118:

Cyrenaici non omni malo aegritudinem effici censent, sed insperato,

id. Tusc. 3, 13, 28:

(Hieronymus) censet summum bonum esse sine ulla molestia vivere,

id. Fin. 2, 5, 16:

Aristoteles eos qui valetudinis causa furerent, censebat habere aliquid in animis praesagiens,

id. Div. 1, 38, 81:

Pythagoras censuit animum esse per naturam rerum omnem intentum et commeantem,

id. ib. 1, 11, 27; so id. Ac. 1, 11, 40; 2, 42, 131; id. Fin. 1, 6, 20; 3, 15, 49; 3, 19, 64; 3, 21, 70; 4, 7, 17; 5, 7, 17; id. N. D. 1, 2, 3; 1, 2, 4; 1, 12, 29; 1, 13, 35 and 37; 1, 43, 120; 1, 44, 121; 2, 22, 57; 2, 16, 44; id. Sen. 12, 41; id. Leg. 1, 13, 36; id. Tusc. 1, 9, 18; 1, 10, 22; 1, 30, 72; 1, 45, 108; 3, 5, 11; 3, 22, 52; 4, 7, 14; id. Off. 1, 25, 88:

Plato in civitate communis esse mulieres censuit,

Gell. 18, 2, 8; 14, 5, 2; 18, 1, 4; 19, 12, 6.—If the opinion refers to what should be observed, oportere or debere is used, or a gerundial predicate with esse (so in Cic., but in Gell. 7, 15, 3, without esse):

oportere delubra esse in urbibus censeo,

Cic. Leg. 2, 10, 26:

M. Varro aeditumum dici oportere censet,

Gell. 12, 10, 4; 14, 5, 2;

so with debere,

id. 17, 5, 5; 13, 8, 4:

Cyrenaici... virtutem censuerunt ob eam rem esse laudandam,

Cic. Off. 3, 33, 116:

(Ennius) non censet lugendam esse mortem quam immortalitas consequatur,

id. Sen. 20, 73.—

An inf.-clause understood:

(dissensio est), a quibus temporibus scribendi capiatur initium. Ego enim ab ultimis censeo (i. e. exordiendum esse),

Cic. Leg. 1, 3, 8:

si, Mimnermus uti censet, sine amore jocisque Nil est jucundum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 65:

sic enim censuit,

Cic. Off. 3, 33, 117.—

With neutr. acc. of a pron.: hoc amplius censeo, in addition to the opinions mentioned I hold, etc., Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 2:

nullo (medico) idem censente,

Plin. 29, 1, 5, § 11.—

With a rel.-clause:

Aesopus quae utilia... erant, non severe neque imperiose praecepit et censuit,

he imparted his teachings and views, Gell. 2, 29, 1.—

Absol.:

non adligo me ad unum aliquem ex Stoicis proceribus. Est et mihi censendi jus,

the right to impart my opinions, Sen. Vit. Beat. 3, 2.

In gen., = arbitror, puto, existimo, judico (cf.: idem enim valet censere et arbitrari, Varr. ap. Non. p. 519, 29: censere nunc significat putare, nunc suadere, nunc decernere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 54, 11 Mull.).

To judge, think, believe, suppose (freq. in ante-class. writings; very rare in Cic. except in the particular meanings, a.—ironically—and d.; always with inf.-clause expressed or understood).

In gen.:

atque ego censui abs te posse hoc me impetrare,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 12 sq.:

satis jam delusam censeo: rem, ut est, nunc eloquamur,

id. As. 3, 3, 141:

nam si honeste censeam te facere posse, suadeam,

id. Mil. 4, 8, 60:

neque ego hac noctem longiorem me vidisse censeo,

id. Am. 1, 1, 126:

saluti quod tibi esse censeo,

id. Merc. 1, 35; so id. Am. 4, 3, 2; id. Most. 1, 3, 127; id. Pers. 1, 1, 9; 2, 2, 8; 2, 3, 75 sq.; id. Truc. 2, 2, 60; id. As. 2, 2, 33; id. Aul. 2, 4, 30; 2, 4, 36; id. Cas. 2, 8, 38; Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 53; id. Phorm. 2, 2, 13: aut domino, cujum id censebis esse, reddes, Cincius, Re Mil. l. iii., de ap. Gell. 16, 4, 2:

eo namque omnem belli molem inclinaturam censebant (consules),

Liv. 7, 32, 3:

nec facturum aequa Samnitium populum censebant, si... oppugnarent,

id. 7, 31, 7:

quaeso ut ea quae dicam non a militibus imperatori dicta censeas,

id. 7, 13, 8:

at illa purgare se, quod quae utilia esse censebat... suasisset,

Curt. 8, 3, 7: Alexander, tam memorabili victoria laetus, qua sibi Orientis fines apertos esse censebat, id. 9, 1, 1; so id. 10, 8, 22.—

With reference to an erroneous opinion, to imagine, suppose, falsely believe:

censebam me effugisse a vita marituma Ne navigarem, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 108:

omnes eum (sc. Jovem) esse (Amphitruonem) censent servi,

id. Am. prol. 122, 134:

jam hic ero, quom illic censebis esse me,

id. ib. 3, 3, 14:

ardere censui aedes,

id. ib. 5, 1, 15:

ego hunc censebam esse te,

id. Men. 5, 9, 13; so id. As. 5, 2, 20; id. Aul. 3, 5, 55; id. Bacch. 1, 2, 14; id. Men. 3, 3, 32; 5, 9, 76; id. Merc. 1, 2, 87; id. Poen. 1, 1, 54; 3, 1, 60; 3, 4, 25; id. Rud. 2, 4, 31; 4, 7, 35; id. Stich. 4, 2, 24; id. Truc. 1, 1, 72 et saep.: censuit se regem Porsenam occidere, Cass. Hem. ap. Non. p. 4, 88:

non ipsa saxa magis sensu omni vacabant quam ille... cui se hic cruciatum censet optare,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107.—And ironically:

nisi forte Diagoram aut Theodorum... censes superstitiosos fuisse,

Cic. N. D. 1, 42, 117:

nisi forte etiam illi Semproniano senatus consulto me censes adfuisse, qui ne Romae quidem fui,

id. Fam. 12, 29, 2:

neminem me fortiorem esse censebam,

Curt. 8, 14, 42.—

Referring to what should take place.

With gerundial inf.-clause:

navis praedatoria, Abs qua cavendum nobis sane censeo,

Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 70:

soli gerundum censeo morem,

id. Most. 1, 3, 69:

neque vendundam censeo Quae libera est,

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 39; so id. Eun. 4, 4, 53; 5, 8, 42; id. Hec. 4, 4, 94; id. Phorm. 2, 4, 17:

ceterum ei qui consilium adferret opem quoque in eam rem adferendam censebant esse,

Liv. 25, 11, 14.—

With oportere, debere, or an ordinary inf.-clause:

solam illi me soli censeo esse oportere obedientem,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 47:

quibus declaraveram, quo te animo censerem esse oportere, et quid tibi faciendum arbitrarer,

Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 1:

rursus interrogatus quid ipse victorem statuere debere censeret,

Curt. 8, 14, 43: impudens postulatio visa est, censere... ipsos id (bellum) advertere in se, agrosque suos pro alienis populandos obicere, to entertain the idea that they should direct that war against themselves and their own lands, etc., Liv. 21, 20, 4:

munere eum fungi prioris censet amici = eum fungi oportere,

Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 5:

quae nos quoque sustinere censebat,

App. M. 11, p. 253.—

By aequum censere with ordinary inf.clause, expressed or understood, either = it is fair ( right) to do something, or something ought or should be done (so very freq. in the comic poets and Livy; rare in other writers): non ego istunc me potius quam te metuere aequom censeo, I do not think it right to fear him, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 51: quid me aequom censes pro illa tibi dare? What do you think I should give as a fair price? etc., id. As. 1, 3, 76: meum animum tibi servitutem servire aequom censui, I thought it my duty that my mind should, etc., id. Trin. 2, 2, 27: ecquis est tandem qui vestrorum... aequom censeat poenas dare ob eam rem quod arguatur male facere voluisse? Cato ap. Gell. 6 (7), 3, 36:

quis aequum censeret... receptos in fidem non defendi?

Liv. 21, 19, 5; so id. 24, 37, 7; 5, 3, 8; 22, 32, 6.—And without emphasis upon the idea of fairness or right:

si sunt ita ut ego aequom censeo,

as I think they ought to be, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 55; so id. Trin. 3, 2, 87; 2, 3, 1; id. Merc. 3, 3, 8; id. Aul. 4, 1, 11; id. Ep. 4, 1, 29; id. Stich. 2, 2, 20; 4, 1, 42:

qui aequom esse censeant, nos jam a pueris ilico nasci senes,

who believe that we should be born as old men right from childhood, Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 2; so id. ib. 5, 5, 11; id. Ad. 4, 3, 10:

qui aequom censeant rem perniciosam utili praeponi,

Auct. Her. 2, 14, 22: (tribuni) intercedebant;

senatum quaerere de pecunia non relata in publicum... aequum censebant,

Liv. 38, 54, 5:

cives civibus parcere aequum censebat,

Nep. Thras. 2, 6.—

Very freq., esp. in Cic., when a question, rhetorical or real, is addressed to a second person, often referring to erroneous opinions:

an fores censebas nobis publicitus praeberier?

Plaut. Am. 4, 2, 7:

clanculum istaec te flagitia facere censebas potesse?

id. Men. 4, 2, 47:

hicine nos habitare censes?

id. Trin. 4, 3, 72:

omnes cinaedos esse censes, tu quia es?

id. Men. 3, 2, 48; so id. As. 2, 4, 78; 5, 2, 37; id. Bacch. 4, 6, 41; 5, 2. 82; id. Capt. 4, 2, 66; 4, 2, 74; 5, 2, 16; id. Cas. 2, 6, 29; id. Men. 5, 5, 25: continuo dari Tibi verba censes? Ter. And. 3, 2, 25; so id. ib. 3, 3, 13; 4, 4, 55; id. Heaut. 4, 3, 38; id. Hec. 4, 1, 32; 4, 4, 53; id. Phorm. 5, 6, 35:

adeone me delirare censes ut ista esse credam?

Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10:

nam cum in Graeco sermone haec... non videbantur, quid censes in Latino fore?

id. Fin. 3, 4, 15:

quid igitur censes? Apim illum nonne deum videri Aegyptiis?

id. N. D. 1, 29, 82:

quis haec neget esse utilia? quem censes?

id. Off. 3, 26, 99:

an censes me tantos labores... suscepturum fuisse, si, etc.,

id. Sen. 23, 82:

an vos Hirtium pacem velle censetis?

id. Phil. 12, 4, 9; so id. Brut. 50, 186; 85, 294; id. Tusc. 1, 5, 10 fin.; 2, 4, 11; 3, 13, 27; id. Fin. 1, 10, 34; id. N. D. 1, 8, 20; 1, 28, 78; 1, 44, 122; id. Leg. 2, 10, 23; id. Div. in Caecil. 16, 54; id. Phil. 1, 6, 13; 4, 3, 7; 7, 4, 14; 11, 1, 3; 11, 5, 10; 12, 3, 7; 12, 6, 13; 12, 8, 21; 12, 9, 22; 13, 2, 4; 14, 4, 10; id. Att. 10, 11, 4:

quid censes munera terrae?... quo spectanda modo, quo sensu credis et ore?

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 5 sqq.; so id. ib. 2, 2, 65; Lucr. 1, 973 (with obj.inf.).—With conditional period inst. of an inf.-clause:

num censes faceret, filium nisi sciret eadem haec velle,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 46.—

Sometimes censemus? is used in the same way as censes?

Cic. Tusc. 1, 2, 4; id. Off. 2, 7, 25; id. Fam. 4, 9, 2.—

With an inf.clause understood: itane tu censes? Pa. Quid ego ni ita censeam? Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 27: quid ergo censes? Tr. Quod rogas, Censeo, id. Rud. 4, 8, 7 sq.: quid illum censes? (i. e. eo loco facere?) Ter. And. 5, 2, 12:

quid illas censes? (i. e. posse dicere),

id. Ad. 4, 5, 22; so Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 59; Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 9; 5, 3, 21.—So, very freq. in the comic poets, censeo, absol., as an approving answer; also sic censeo, istuc censeo, ita censeo (Cic.) to be variously rendered: ego divinam rem intus faciam... So. Censeo, that will be right! Plaut. Am. 3, 3, 11: auscultemus quid agat: Ph. Sane censeo, so we will, indeed, id. Curc. 2, 2, 29: quid si recenti re aedis pultem? Ad. Censeo, do so! id. Poen. 3, 4, 18: quin eloquamur? Ag. Censeo, hercle, patrue, id. ib. 5, 4, 93: patri etiam gratulabor? Tr. Censeo, I think so (and after answering several questions with censeo): etiamne complectar ejus patrem? Tr. Non censeo. Pl. Nunc non censet quom volo, id. Rud. 4, 8, 6 sqq.; id. Ps. 2, 2, 69; id. Stich. 5, 4, 53; id. Truc. 2, 4, 73; id. Cas. 4, 3, 14; Ter. Eun. 2, 1, 11; id. Heaut. 3, 3, 27: male habeas! Mu. Sic censeo, Plaut. Men. 4, 1, 11: aliquem arripiamus, etc.: Ly. Hem, istuc censeo, id. Merc. 3, 3, 19 (cf.:

prorsus ita censeo, referring to general questions, as in D.,

Cic. Leg. 2, 10, 23);

once similarly censeas: Quid gravare? censeas!

Say yes, Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 22.—

To resolve, as a merely mental act, with gerundial inf.-clause (rare; cf. II. B.): quibus rebus cognitis, Caesar maturandum sibi censuit, resolved to hasten, lit., thought he must hasten ( = statuit, existimavit), Caes. B. G. 7, 56 init.:

censuimus igitur amplius quaerendum,

Gell. 12, 14, 7.—

To consider, i. e. after carefully weighing the circumstances, with inf.-clause (rare):

sed cum censerem... me et periculum vitare posse, et temperatius dicere... ea causa mihi in Asiam proficiscendi fuit,

Cic. Brut. 91, 314.—

= pu tare, habere, judicare, to consider as, to hold, with two acc., or inf.-clause.

With double acc.:

quom dispicias tristem, frugi censeas (i.e. eum),

you would consider him thrifty, Plaut. Cas. 3, 2. 32:

auxilio vos dignos censet senatus,

considers you worthy of help, Liv. 7, 31, 2:

has... indagines cuppediarum majore detestatione dignas censebimus si, etc.,

Gell. 7 (6), 16, 6: cum Priscum nobilitas hostem patriae censuisset, judged, declared him the enemy, etc., Aur. Vict. Caes. 29, 4.—

In the pass. with nom. and inf., = haberi (in Manil. and Gell.):

praeter illas unam et viginti (comoedias) quae consensu omnium Plauti esse censebantur,

Gell. 3, 3, 3:

quae terrena censentur sidera sorte (i. e. esse),

are considered as being of the terrestrial kind, Manil. 2, 226; so id. 2, 293; 2, 653; 2, 667; 3, 96; so, sub aliquo censeri, to be considered as being under one ' s influence, id. 4, 246; 4, 705; cf. id. 3, 598 (with per).—

To wish, with subj.-clause or ne (in App.):

de coma pretiosi velleris floccum mihi confestim adferas censeo,

App. M. 6. [p. 315] p. 117:

censeo ne ulla cura os percolat,

id. Mag. p. 411.

censeo, ēre, = succenseo, to be angry: ne vobis censeam, si, etc., Varr. ap. Non. p. 267, 24.

custōdĭa, ae, f. [id.], a watching, watch, guard, care, protection (freq. and [p. 505] class.).

In gen.

Lit.:

in tuam custodiam meque et meas spes trado,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 59:

agitare custodiam,

to keep guard, id. Rud. 3, 6, 20:

iis impedimentis custodiae ac praesidio VI. milia hominum unā reliquerunt,

Caes. B. G. 2, 29:

sub hospitum privatorum custodiā esse,

Liv. 42, 19, 5:

tam fida canum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158:

pastoris,

Col. 8, 4, 3:

paedagogorum,

Quint. 1, 2, 25:

dura matrum,

care, oversight, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 22 et saep.:

navium longarum,

Caes. B. C. 3, 39:

ignis (Vestae),

Cic. Leg. 2, 12, 29:

urbis,

Caes. B. C. 1, 17; 2, 36; Liv. 5, 10, 4; cf.:

urbis, sui,

Suet. Aug. 49:

corporis,

id. Galb. 12:

illa (sc. pontis),

Nep. Milt. 3, 2:

portus, Auct. B. Alex. 17: cum in ejusdem anni custodiā te atque L. Murenam fortuna posuisset,

Cic. Mur. 31, 64:

aliquid privatā custodiā continere,

id. Sull. 15, 42:

circum familias conventus Campaniae custodiae causā distribuit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 14 fin.:

in muro custodiae causā conlocati,

id. ib. 1, 28;

Auct. B. Afr. 46: navis quae erat ad custodiam ab Acilio posita,

Caes. B. C. 3, 40:

tribunus adpositus custodiae (alicujus),

Tac. A. 1, 6:

ignaviam suam tenebrarum ac parietum custodiis tegere,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 21:

a cujus audaciā fratris liberos ne materni quidem corporis custodiae tegere potuissent,

id. Clu. 11, 31:

fida justitiae,

id. Fin. 2, 34, 113:

una fidelis memoriae rerum gestarum (litterae),

Liv. 6, 1, 2:

libertatis,

id. 4, 24, 4:

suae religionis,

Quint. 6, 1, 20:

decoris,

id. 11, 1, 57 et saep.—

Meton.

Usu. in plur. and in milit. lang., persons who serve as guards, a guard, watch, sentinel:

colonia meis praesidiis, custodiis, vigiliis munita,

Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 8; 2, 12, 26; id. Verr. 2, 3, 24, § 60:

neque clam transire propter custodias Menapiorum possent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 4; 7, 19; 7, 27 et saep.—In sing. (collect.), Cat. 62, 33:

abest custodia regi,

Ov. M. 14, 371:

unicus anser erat, minimae custodia villae,

id. ib. 8, 684:

corporis,

a body-guard, Curt. 5, 1, 42.—

A place where guard is kept, a watch- or guard - house, watch - station:

haec (urbs) mea sedes est, haec vigilia, haec custodia,

Cic. Phil. 12, 10, 24:

privata,

id. Sull. 15, 42:

in hac custodiā et tamquam speculā,

id. Phil. 7, 7, 19:

ceteri in custodiam conditi,

Tac. H. 4, 2.—In plur., Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 16; id. Rab. Perd. 7, 21—

With the access. idea of hindering free motion, a watching, guarding, custody, restraint, confinement.

Lit.:

nec cuiquam uni custodiam ejus (sc. Philopoemenis capti) satis credebant,

Liv. 39, 50, 2: quive (servi) inve ludum custodiamve conjecti fuerint, Gai Inst. 1, 13:

animal quod custodiam nostram evadit,

id. ib. 2, 67:

famulos vinclis atque custodiā... tueri,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 48. — Plur.:

in praedonum hostiumque custodias tantum numerum civium Romanorum includere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 55, § 144:

libera,

private custody, confinement in one's house, Liv. 24, 45, 8; Vell. 1, 11 (cf.:

libero conclavi,

Liv. 39, 14, 9); and in plur.:

in liberis custodiis,

Sall. C. 47, 3; cf.

trop.: domi teneamus eam (eloquentiam), saeptam liberali custodiā,

Cic. Brut. 96, 330.—Perh. in a play upon the words libera custodia:

ut sis apud me ligneā in custodiā,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 28. —

Meton.

A place of confinement, a prison, hold:

Lentulus comprehenditur et in custodiā necatur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 104 fin.; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 27, §§ 68 and 69; id. Cat. 1, 8, 19; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 4, § 14; id. Div. 1, 25, 52; id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71 et saep. — Trop.:

corporis custodiis se liberare,

Cic. Rep. 6, 15, 15.—

Persons in confinement, captives, prisoners (post-Aug.):

in recognoscendis custodiis,

Suet. Tib. 61; id. Dom. 14:

unus ex custodiarum agmine,

Sen. Ep. 77, 18.—Of a single person:

eādem catenā et custodiam et militem copulat,

Sen. Ep. 5, 7.

ex-ĕo, ĭi (rarely īvi, Gell. 12, 12, 3; Plaut. Rud. 2, 6, 50; perf. exit, for exiit, id. Ps. 2, 4, 40; Verg. A. 2, 497), ĭtum, īre ( fut. [p. 683] exibo, but exies, exiet, Sen. Ep. 113, 20; id. Apocol. 3, 1 al.;

exiet for exibit,

Tert. adv. Jud. 13; Vulg. Matt. 2, 6; 5, 26 al.; perh. also in Hor. C. 4, 4, 65; acc. to some MSS. al. evenit; v. Orell. ad h. l.), v. n. and a.

Neutr., to go out or forth, to go away, depart.

Lit.

In gen.:

dum intro eo atque exeo,

Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 43:

jam ad te exeo,

id. Bacch. 4, 6, 24; 4, 9, 129:

foras,

id. Cas. 5, 2, 51; cf. id. Rud. 2, 2, 2:

ex urbe,

id. Am. 1, 3, 35:

ex urbe, oppido,

Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 2; Caes. B. G. 2, 33, 1:

e patria,

Cic. Pis. 14, 33:

e finibus suis,

Caes. B. G. 1, 5, 1:

clam ex castris,

id. ib. 7, 20, 10:

ab aliquo,

from one's house, Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 7 (v. ab, I. a.):

ab urbe,

away from, Liv. 10, 37, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.; 21, 13, 7; 23, 18, 14;

al. a villa sua,

Quint. 6, 3, 49:

de triclinio, de cubiculo,

Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 263:

de balneis,

id. de Or. 2, 55, 223:

de navi,

id. Att. 2, 7, 4:

(cornix) a cauda de ovo,

tail first, Plin. 10, 16, 18, § 38:

portā,

Plaut. Mil. 5, 39:

domo,

Cic. Rep. 1, 12; cf.:

erant omnino itinera duo, quibus itineribus domo exire possent,

i. e. withdraw from, leave their country, Caes. B. G. 1, 6, 1; so,

domo,

id. ib. 1, 12, 5;

1, 29, 1: castris,

id. B. C. 1, 69, 3:

in solitudinem,

to withdraw, Cic. Off. 1, 32, 118:

in alias domos tamquam in colonias,

id. ib. 1, 17, 54:

in provinciam,

Caes. B. G. 1, 33, 4:

in terram,

i. e. to land, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 51, § 433:

in luminis oras,

i. e. to be born, Lucr. 1, 170:

ad aliquem,

i. e. to go from home to visit a person, Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 6 et saep.—Prov.:

exeat aulā, qui vult esse pius,

Luc. 8, 493.— Poet., with inf.:

exierant dare veris opes,

Stat. Ach. 1, 288.—Of inanim. or abstr. subjects:

cum de consularibus mea prima sors exisset,

Cic. Att. 1, 19, 3; so,

sors,

Hor. C. 2, 3, 27; cf.:

cujus nomen exisset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 51, § 127:

nummi, qui per simulationem ab isto exierant,

id. ib. 2, 2, 25, §

61: per septem portus in maris exit aquas (Nilus),

flows out, empties, Ov. Am. 2, 13, 10:

septem aquis (Ister),

Val. Fl. 8, 187:

populo albae folia vetustiora in angulos exeunt,

terminate, Plin. 16, 23, 35, § 86:

color in florem heliotropii,

id. 37, 6, 22, § 83; cf.:

masculina nomina in A atque S litteras,

to end, terminate, Quint. 1, 5, 61.— Pass. impers.:

uti inde exiri possit,

Cato, R. R. 1, 2:

crepuit ostium: exitur foras,

Plaut. Cas. 4, 3, 15:

in Velabro, qua in Novam viam exitur,

Varr. L. L. 6, § 24 Müll.—

In partic.

In milit. lang., to move out, march out:

milites, qui de tertia vigilia exissent,

Caes. B. C. 1, 64 fin.:

ut paludati (praetores) exeant,

depart for the battle-field, id. ib. 1, 6, 6:

ad pugnam,

Liv. 44, 39, 2; Verg. G. 4, 67:

ex Italia ad bellum civile,

Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 3 et saep.— Pass. impers.:

non posse clam exiri,

Caes. B. C. 1, 67, 2:

postquam exitum est maximā copiā,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 64.—

In jurid. Lat.: potestate, de or a potestate alicujus, to get out of any one's power (potestas), to be emancipated, become free, Dig. 37, 4, 1, § 6; 62; 28, 6, 3 et saep. (cf. B. 1. infra).—

De vita, to depart from life, decease, die (for the usual excedere or decedere de vita):

quem (me) fuerat aequius ut prius introieram, sic prius exire de vita,

Cic. Cael. 4, 15; so,

de vita,

Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 5; cf.:

e vita tamquam e theatro,

Cic. Fin. 1, 15, 49:

vitā exire,

Val. Max. 9, 12, ext. 1.—

To go out or forth in any manner, to issue, escape (very rare):

cujus (Isocratis) e ludo tamquam ex equo Trojano meri principes exierunt,

Cic. de Or. 2, 22, 94:

hanc tamen Antonius fugam suam, quia vivus exierat, victoriam vocabat,

Vell. 2, 82, 3.—Of inanimate subjects:

currente rota cur urceus exit?

Hor. A. P. 22: libri quidem ita exierunt, ut, etc., turned out (the figure being borrowed from works of art which are cast and turned out of the mould), Cic. Att. 13, 13, 1.—

Of plants, to come up, spring forth, sprout out:

plerumque e terra exit hordeum diebus VII.,

Varr. R. R. 1, 45, 1:

ne semina in frugem exeant e terra,

Plin. 11, 30, 36, § 109:

folia a radice,

id. 25, 4, 9, § 28:

lupinus agro limoso,

Col. 2, 10, 3:

fabae in folia,

Plin. 18, 7, 10, § 57; and absol.:

ut vix ulla herba exeat,

Col. 2, 11, 3; so,

lens sata (with grandescere),

Pall. Febr. 4;

and, messis,

Val. Fl. 7, 549.—

To mount upwards, ascend, rise ( poet. and postAug. prose):

in auras (ignis),

Lucr. 6, 886:

ad caelum (arbor),

Verg. G. 2, 81:

in altitudinem (comae palmarum),

Plin. 13, 4, 8, § 37.—

Trop.

In gen.:

exisse ex potestate dicimus eos, qui effrenati feruntur aut libidine aut iracundia, etc.... Qui igitur exisse ex potestate dicuntur, idcirco dicuntur, quia non sunt in potestate mentis,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11; cf.:

itaque iratos proprie dicimus exisse de potestate, id est de consilio, de ratione, de mente,

id. ib. 4, 36, 77;

for which: a se,

Petr. 90: ex hac aerumna, Lucil. ap. Non. 296, 16; cf.:

exire aere alieno,

Cic. Phil. 11, 6, 13 (dub. al. se exserere):

quam nihil non consideratum exibat ex ore!

id. Brut. 76, 265; id. de Or. 2, 22 fin.:

nequaquam similiter oratio mea exire atque in vulgus emanare poterit,

id. Rosc. Am. 1, 3; Plin. Pan. 75, 3:

ea res prodita est et in vulgus exivit,

Gell. 12, 12, 3; cf. with object-clause:

exiit opinio, descensurum eum ad Olympia inter athletas,

Suet. Ner. 53; for which also with a subject-clause:

quod ante paucos dies exierat in vulgus, laudanti cuidam formam suam, respondisse eum, etc.,

id. Galb. 20:

ob hoc exivit proverbium, etc.,

became current, Vulg. Gen. 10, 9.—

In partic.

Of time, to run out, end, expire:

quinto anno exeunte,

Cic. Div. 1, 25, 53:

indutiarum dies exierat,

Liv. 4, 30, 14; 30, 25, 1; 42, 47, 10:

dies censurae, stipendii,

id. 9, 34, 22; 22, 33, 5:

nullus mihi per otium dies exit,

Sen. Ep. 8; Plin. Pan. 68, 2 et saep.—

To extend beyond a certain measure or limit (mostly post-Aug.):

extra aliquid,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 25:

vestra vita, licet supra mille annos exeat,

run out, extend, Sen. Brev. Vit. 6:

probationes in tertium diem exierunt,

Plin. Ep. 2, 11, 18:

digressus in laudes Castoris ac Pollucis exierat,

Quint. 11, 2, 11; cf.:

continuus (translationis usus) in allegorias et aenigmata exit,

id. 8, 6, 14:

in longum exierit ordo rerum,

id. 4, 2, 51.—

To pass away, perish:

opus laudabile, numquam a memoria hominum exiturum,

Sen. Ben. 3, 38; so with a subjectclause:

an jam memoriā exisse, neminem ex plebe tribunum militum creatum esse?

Liv. 6, 37, 5.—

Act. ( poet. and in postAug. prose), to go or pass beyond a thing.

Lit.

In gen.:

limen,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 18:

Avernas valles,

Ov. M. 10, 52:

flumen,

Val. Fl. 4, 698:

quantum diurni itineris miliariorum numero in reda possit exiri,

Vitr. 10, 9, 3:

donec minor filius lubricum juventae exiret,

Tac. A. 6, 49 (55) fin. —

Pregn., to avoid, evade, ward off:

corpore tela atque oculis vigilantibus exit,

avoids the blows, Verg. A. 5, 438; cf.:

feros exibant dentis adactus (jumenta),

Lucr. 5, 1330; Stat. Th. 6, 802:

procul absiliebat, ut acrem exiret odorem,

Lucr. 6, 1217:

profluvium sanguinis,

id. 6, 1206:

vim viribus,

Verg. A. 11, 750 et saep.—

Trop.

To exceed:

modum,

Ov. M. 9, 632.—

Of time: ad exitam aetatem = ad ultimam aetatem, Paul. ex Fest. p. 28, 5 Müll.

exordĭum, ii, n. [exordior, I.].

Prop., the beginning, the warp of a web (rare):

non possum togam praetextam sperare, cum exordium pullum videam,

Quint. 5, 10, 71.—

Transf., in gen., a beginning, commencement (the usual meaning; syn.: initium, principium, primordium): neve inde navis inchoandae exordium Coepisset, quae, etc., Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 22, 34 (Trag. v. 282 ed. Vahl.):

hujus quoque exordium mali, quoniam principium boni diximus, explicemus,

Cic. Inv. 1, 3, 3; cf.: institutae rei publicae clarum ac tam omnibus notum, id. Rep. 2, 2:

a qua totius vitae ducat exor dium,

id. Fin. 5, 7, 18; cf.:

a quibus tempo ribus scribendi capiat exordium,

id. Leg. 1, 3, 8:

paene ab exordio Urbis,

Suet. Vesp. 8; id. Tib. 42:

tertius (annus) a prima vigilia sumens exordium,

Amm. 26, 1, 9.—In plur.:

rerum,

Lucr. 2, 333; 3, 31; 4, 114; cf. Verg. E. 6, 33:

priva animaï,

Lucr. 3, 380:

solis lunaeque,

id. 5, 471:

rationis,

id. 1, 149:

primae pugnae,

Verg. A. 7, 40 et saep.—

In partic., of speech:

saepe animadverti, summos oratores in dicendi exordio permoveri,

Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 122:

ergo ita nascetur exordium,

id. Tusc. 1, 4 fin. —As part of a speech or writing, the introduction, exordium, proëm, preface (syn.:

prooemium, praefatio, prologus): exordium est principium orationis, per quod animus auditoris aut judicis constituitur vel apparatur ad audiendum,

Auct. Her. 1, 3, 4; cf. Quint. 4, 1, 1 sq.:

tum denique id, quod primum est dicendum, postremum soleo cogitare, quo utar exordio,

Cic. de Or. 2, 77 fin.:

proximus liber a prima parte, id est exordio incipiet,

Quint. 3, 11, 28; 1, 12, 19:

in exordio pro Milone,

id. 9, 4, 133; 9, 4, 74 et saep.— In plur., Quint. 11, 3, 161:

quae prima exordia sumat?

Verg. A. 4, 284.—

Transf., a writing, treatise, in gen., Col. 5, 11, 13; 7, 5, 1; 7, 12, 1 al.

fĕrē and fermē ( fĕrĕ, Aus. Epigr. 10, 5, 5), adv. [Sanscr. dhar-, dhar-ami, to bear, support; Gr. root, thra-, in thrênus, stool, thronos, seat; Lat. firmus; cf.: forma, forum. Ferme is perh. a sup. form for ferime, v. Rib. Lat. Part. p. 6 sq. Erroneously, Varr.: ferme dicitur quod nunc fere: utrumque dictum a ferendo, quod id quod fertur est in motu atque adventat, L. L. 7, § 92 Müll.], approximately, closely, in two senses.

With the idea of approach predominant, nearly, almost, well-nigh, within a little, for the most part, about (esp. with words of number, quantity, multitude; cf.: plerumque, vulgo).

Form fere:

fere sexennis,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 80:

abhinc menses decem fere,

Ter. Hec. 5, 3, 24; cf.:

fere abhinc annos quindecim,

id. Phorm. 5, 8, 28:

fere in diebus paucis, quibus haec acta sunt, Chrysis vicina haec moritur,

soon, only a few days after, id. And. 1, 1, 77:

quinta fere hora,

about the fifth hour, Cic. Pis. 6, 13:

hora fere tertia,

id. Att. 14, 20, 1:

tertia fere vigilia,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23, 1:

sexcentos fere annos,

Cic. Rep. 1, 48:

sexto decimo fere anno,

id. ib. 2, 33:

anno fere ante, quam consul est declaratus,

id. ib. 1, 5:

anno fere centesimo et quadragesimo post mortem Numae,

id. ib. 2, 15; cf.:

anno trecentesimo et quinquagesimo fere post Romam conditam,

id. ib. 1, 16:

decem fere annis post primos consules,

id. ib. 2, 32; cf.

also: decessit fere post annum quartum quam, etc.,

Nep. Arist. 3 fin.:

meus fere aequalis,

Cic. Brut. 48, 179; cf. id. Off. 3, 1, 1:

ipsa Peloponnesus fere tota in mari est,

id. Rep. 2, 4, 8; cf.:

totius fere Galliae legati ad Caesarem gratulatum convenerunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 1:

totis fere a fronte et ab sinistra parte nudatis castris,

id. ib. 2, 23, 4:

rerum omnium fere modus,

Cic. Rep. 6, 18; cf.:

quam fere omnium constans et moderata ratio vitae,

id. Clu. 16, 46:

ex omnibus fere partibus,

Caes. B. G. 7, 19:

in reliquis fere rebus,

id. ib. 6, 13, 3:

omnes fere,

Cic. Fam. 6, 10, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1; 4, 20, 1; Nep. Arist. 2, 3; id. Chabr. 3, 4; Liv. 21, 60, 9; Suet. Caes. 87;

and in the order fere omnes,

Caes. B. G. 5, 13, 1; 5, 23, 4:

cujus disputationis fuit extremum fere de immortalitate animorum,

Cic. Lael. 4, 14; cf.: Phalereus ille Demetrius ultimus est fere ex Atticis. Quint. 10, 1, 80: cum fere e regione castris castra poneret, Caes. B. G. 7, 35, 1; id. ib. 3, 12, 1:

plus fere,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 45:

semper fere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 6, 22:

satis fere diximus,

id. Off. 1, 18, 60:

tantum fere,

almost only, id. Rep. 2, 18 fin.:

Lycurgus eadem vidit fere,

id. ib. 2, 23:

haec fere,

id. ib. 1, 34 fin.; cf.:

hoc fere ab reliquis differunt, quod,

in this chiefly, Caes. B. G. 6, 18, 3:

haec fere dicere habui,

Cic. N. D. 3, 39, 93:

haec erant fere, quae, etc.,

id. Fam. 12, 5 fin.; 12, 30 fin.; id. Att. 2, 16, 1; id. Or. 54, 182; id. Ac. 2, 32, 102:

exposui fere non philosophorum judicia, sed, etc.,

id. N. D. 1, 16, 42; cf.:

sic fere componendum, quomodo pronuntiandum erit,

Quint. 9, 4, 138:

fere eodem pacto, quo,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 10:

et fere apparet, quid in invidiam, etc.... dicendum sit,

Quint. 5, 12, 16.—

Form ferme:

hoc factum est ferme abhinc biennium,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 2, 4; so,

abhinc annos ferme L.,

Vell. 2, 90 fin.:

nam ferme ante annos DCCCCL. floruit,

id. 1, 5, 3:

intra XII. ferme annos,

id. 2, 11 fin.:

duodequadragesimo ferme anno, ex quo regnare coeperat Tarquinius,

Liv. 1, 40:

mille ferme delecti propugnatores onerariis imponuntur,

id. 30, 10; cf.:

pars ferme dimidia,

id. 42, 51:

a quo (flumine) aberat mons ferme milia viginti,

Sall. J. 48, 3; cf.:

in tumulo quatuor ferme milia distante ab castris regiis consedit,

Liv. 30, 8:

abest ab Carthagine quindecim milia ferme passuum locus,

id. 30, 9:

ferme eadem omnia, quae, etc.,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 21:

cum ferme cunctos proceres cum honore nominavisset,

Tac. A. 3, 76:

mihi quidem aetas acta est ferme,

for the most part, about, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 38.

With the idea of nearness or closeness predominant, quite, entirely, just.

Form fere:

domum revortor maestus atque animo fere conturbato,

quite distracted, Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 69:

quod statuas quoque videmus ornatu fere militari,

quite military, Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61:

paria esse fere peccata,

quite equal, Hor. S. 1, 3, 96:

etsi nobis, qui id aetatis sumus, evigilatum fere est, tamen, etc.,

entirely, sufficiently, Cic. Rep. 3, 29:

cum circa hanc fere consultationem disceptatio omnis verteretur,

just on this debated point, Liv. 36, 7, 1: jamque fere, just now, Enn. ap. Non. 217, 11; and ap. Charis. p. 114 P. (Ann. v. 286 and 580 ed. Vahl.); Verg. A. 3, 135; 5, 327; 835; cf.: jam fere, Enn. ap. Non. 355, 17 (Trag. v. 201 ed. Vahl.); and: jam... fere, id. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 46 Müll. (Ann. v. 447 ed. Vahl.):

sermo qui tum fere multis erat in ore,

just then, Cic. Lael. 1, 2.—

Form ferme: circumvenire video ferme injuria, altogether wrong, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 92 Müll. (Rib. Trag. Fragm. p. 12); cf.: ferme aderant ratibus, just, Enn. ib. § 23 Müll. (Ann. v. 602 ed. Vahl.); so, quod ferme dirum in tempus cecidere Latinae, Cic. Poët. Div. 1, 11, 18; and:

sed eum constabat virum esse ferme bonum,

Gell. 14, 2, 5:

ferme ut quisque rem accurat suam, Sic ei procedunt post principia denique,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 1, 4; so,

ferme ut pueri,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 32:

jam ferme moriens me vocat,

just dying, id. And. 1, 5, 49.—

In partic.

With negatives, scarcely, hardly.

(= vix, non facile.) Form fere:

nihil aut non fere multum differre,

Cic. Brut. 40, 150:

nemo fere saltat sobrius,

id. Mur. 6; id. de Or. 1, 25, 116:

nihil fere intelligit,

id. Off. 3, 3, 15:

non fere labitur,

id. Fin. 1, 6, 18:

quod non fere ante auctumnum Elaver vado transiri solet,

Caes. B. G. 7, 35, 1:

duo spondei non fere jungi patiuntur,

Quint. 9, 4, 101:

in se dicere non est fere nisi scurrarum,

id. 6, 3, 82:

denique ex bellica victoria non fere quemquam est invidia civium consecuta,

hardly any one, Cic. Sest. 23, 51:

rationem sententiae suae non fere reddere,

id. Tusc. 1, 17, 38:

nec adhuc fere inveni, qui, etc.,

id. Att. 7, 6, 1; cf.:

quod non fere contingit, nisi, etc.,

id. Lael. 20, 72:

nec rei fere sane amplius quicquam fuit,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 3:

in qua (disputatione) nihil fere, quod magno opere ad rationes omnium rerum pertineret, praetermissum puto,

Cic. Rep. 1, 8 fin.: tum est Cato locutus;

quo erat nemo fere senior temporibus illis, nemo prudentior,

id. Lael. 1, 5:

dixit, hunc ne in convivio quidem ullo fere interfuisse,

id. Rosc. Am. 14:

neque ullum fere totius hiemis tempus sine sollicitudine Caesaris intercessit,

Caes. B. G. 5, 53, 5: neque enim [p. 736] fere iam est ullus dies occupatus, ut nihil, etc., Quint. 10, 7, 27.—With a neg. interrog.:

nam quid fere undique placet?

Quint. 1, 2, 15.—

Form ferme:

hoc non ferme sine magnis principum vitiis evenit,

Cic. Rep. 1, 45 fin.; id. Tusc. 5, 38, 111:

quod non ferme decernitur, nisi, etc.,

Liv. 22, 9, 8; 24, 25, 9:

voluptatibus erant inferiores, nec pecuniis ferme superiores,

Cic. Rep. 2, 34 fin.; so,

nec ferme res antiqua alia est nobilior,

Liv. 1, 24:

facio, quod manifesto moechi haud ferme solent,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 40; so Ter. And. 3, 1, 2:

haud ferme,

Liv. 21, 7, 9; 27, 28, 14:

ut eo nihil ferme quisquam addere posset,

Cic. Brut. 43, 161:

quia nemo ferme huc sine damno devortitur,

Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 39:

non ferme facilius aliquid tenere,

Cic. Rep. 2, 5 fin.; 1, 45, 69.—

Of time (in the usual course of things; opp. to sometimes, now and then), in general, generally, usually, commonly.

Form fere:

Fit fere, ut, etc.,

Cic. Rep. 6, 10; cf.:

jam hoc fere sic fieri solere accepimus,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 9, 24:

quod fere solet fieri,

id. Inv. 1, 29, 46; cf.

also: ut fere fit,

id. ib. 2, 4, 14:

nam fere maxima pars morem hunc homines habent,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 36:

quod fere libenter homines id, quod volunt, credunt,

Caes. B. G. 3, 18, 6:

aedificio circumdato silva (ut sunt fere domicilia Gallorum, etc.),

id. ib. 6, 30, 3:

ruri fere se continebat,

Ter. Ph. 2, 3, 16:

nam fere non difficile est invenire, quid, etc.,

Auct. Her. 2, 18, 27:

in eum fere est voluntas nostra propensior,

Cic. Off. 2, 20, 69:

sic omnia nimia in contraria fere convertuntur,

id. Rep. 1, 44:

quod in illis singuli fuissent fere, qui, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 1:

nominatim fere referri, quid, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 33, 142:

nigra fere terra,

commonly black, Verg. G. 2, 203:

qui timet his adversa, fere miratur eodem quo cupiens pacto,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 9.—Strengthened by plerumque or plerique:

hic solebamus fere Plerumque eam operiri,

Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 39; cf.

corresp. to plerumque: fortuna eos plerumque efficit caecos, quos complexa est: itaque efferuntur fere fastidio et contumacia,

Cic. Lael. 15, 54:

adducto fere vultu, plerumque tacitus,

Suet. Tib. 68:

non sunt vitiosiores, quam fere plerique, qui avari avaros... reprehendunt,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 30, 73.—Opp. raro, interdum, saepe:

fere praedicta aetas laeto solo truncoque tres materias, raro quatuor desiderat,

Col. 4, 17, 5; cf.:

fereque id in capillo fit, rarius in barba,

Cels. 6, 2:

ipse Circenses ex amicorum fere libertinorumque cenaculis spectabat, interdum e pulvinari,

Suet. Aug. 15:

in consulatu pedibus fere, extra consulatum saepe adaperta sella per publicum incessit,

id. ib. 53.—

Form ferme:

quod ferme evenit,

Cic. Rep. 1, 42:

nam ferme apud Numidas in omnibus proeliis magis pedes quam arma tuta sunt,

Sall. J. 74 fin.:

inculta ferme vestiuntur virgultis vepribusque,

Liv. 21, 54:

intacta invidia media sunt: ad summa ferme tendit,

id. 45, 35; cf.:

mobilis et varia est ferme natura malorum,

Juv. 13, 236:

ceterum parva quoque (ut ferme principia omnia),

Liv. 7, 2:

ut ferme ad nova imperia,

Tac. A. 2, 2:

quae antea dictatorum et consulum ferme fuerant beneficia,

Liv. 9, 30, 3:

nocte ferme proficiscebantur,

id. 34, 13, 3.

prōspĭcĭentĭa, ae, f. [prospicio].

Foresight, forethought, precaution:

vigilia et prospicientia,

Cic. Phil. 7, 7, 19; Ambros. Off. 1, 21: Creatoris, id. Hexaëm. 3, 9.—

A view; hence, an appearance, shape, form, Tert. adv. Val. 26.

solvo, solvi, solutum, 3, v. a. ( perf. soluit, trisyll., Cat. 2, 13:

soluisse,

Tib. 4, 5, 16) [for se-luo; cf. socors for se-cords], to loosen an object from any thing, to release or to loose, remove any thing which binds or restrains another.

To loose an object bound, to release, set free, disengage, dissolve, take apart.

In a corporeal sense.

Outwardly, to release.

From fetters or custody, to free, set free, release; absol.:

solvite istas,

i. e. from fetters, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 64:

solvite istum,

id. Mil. 5, 32:

numquam, nisi me orassis, solves,

id. Ep. 5, 2, 62:

jube solvi (eum),

Ter. And. 5, 4, 52:

ad palum adligati repente soluti sunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11:

ut vincti solvantur,

id. ib. 2, 5, 6, §

12: qui in compedibus corporis semper fuerunt, etiam cum soluti sunt, tardius ingrediuntur,

id. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:

ita nexi soluti (sunt),

Liv. 8, 28, 9:

solvite me, pueri,

Verg. E. 6, 24:

fore ut brevi solveretur,

Suet. Vesp. 5; id. Tib. 65; id. Vit. 12.—With abl.:

canis solutus catena,

Phaedr. 3, 7, 20. — Transf., from the fetter of frost:

solutis amnibus (i. e. frigoris vinculo),

Stat. Th. 5, 15:

terrae quem (florem) ferunt solutae,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 10.—

From reins, ties, bands, etc.: solve senescentem equum, from the rein, i. e. dismiss him from service, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 8:

solverat sol equos,

unhitched, Stat. Th. 3, 407: currum solvere (i. e. ab equis, poet. for equos a curru), Sen. Thyest. 794: solvere epistulam, i. e. from the string by which it was tied (= to open), Nep. Hann. 11, 3:

et tibi sollicita solvitur illa (epistula) manu,

Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 2:

et jacet in gremio charta soluta meo,

id. H. 11, 4:

praecepit suis ne sarcinas solverent, aut onera deponerent,

Front. Strat. 1, 5, 3.—So of garments and sails, to unfurl, unfold: cum tunica soluta inambularet, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3; Front. Strat. 4, 1, 26:

soluta toga,

Quint. 11, 3, 147:

vela solvere,

Verg. A. 4, 574.—

From any fastening (mostly poet. and post-Aug. prose), to detach from; constr. absol., or with ab or de, and abl.:

Caucasia solvet de rupe Promethei bracchia,

Prop. 2, 1, 69:

fraxinus solvitur,

from the ground, Stat. Th. 9, 498:

ceciditque soluta pinus,

id. ib. 9, 409; cf.:

pinus radice soluta, deficit,

id. S. 5, 1, 152:

solutis radicibus arbusta procumbunt,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 5:

accepi epistulam quam, ut scribis, ancora soluta de phaselo dedisti, i. e. a litore,

detached, Cic. Att. 1, 13, 1 B. and K. (al. sublata;

but soluta is perh. an error of Cic. in the use of a technical term, v Orell. ad loc.).—In the same sense: solvere retinacula classis,

Ov. M. 15, 696; 8, 102:

querno solvunt de stipite funem,

id. F. 4, 333:

fune soluto Currit in immensum carina,

id. Am. 2, 11, 23:

curvo solves viscera cultro (i. e. de corpore ferarum),

Sen. Hippol. 53.—Of rain disengaged from the clouds:

imber caelesti nube solutus,

Ov. A. A. 2, 237: (Lunam) imperfecta vi solvere tantum umorem, disengage only the moisture, i. e. from the earth:

cum solis radii absumant,

Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 45:

solutum a latere pugionem,

detached from his side, Suet. Vit. 15.—

Esp., of ships: navem solvere, to free a ship from the land, i. e. to set sail, weigh anchor, leave land, depart.

With acc. alone:

eisce confectis navem solvimus,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 91:

navim cupimus solvere,

id. Mil. 4, 7, 17:

naves solvit,

Caes. B. G. 4, 36; 5, 8; id. B. C. 1, 28; 3, 14; 3, 26;

3, 102: primis tenebris solvit navem,

Liv. 45, 6:

postero die solvere naves (jussi),

id. 29, 25 fin.; Nep. Hann. 8, 2:

classem solvere,

Liv. 45, 41; Prop. 3, 7 (4, 6), 23.—

With ab and abl.:

navis a terra solverunt,

Caes. B. C. 3, 101:

quinto inde die quam ab Corintho solverit naves,

Liv. 31, 7 med.:

solvunt a litore puppes,

Luc. 2, 649.—

With ex and abl.:

nam noctu hac soluta est navis nostra e portu Persico,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 259:

interea e portu nostra navis solvitur,

id. Bacch. 2, 3, 54.—

With abl.:

complures mercatores Alexandria solvisse,

Cic. Off. 3, 12, 50:

portu solventibus,

id. Mur. 2, 4.—

Absol. (sc. navem or naves):

tertia fere vigilia solvit,

Caes. B. G. 4, 23:

nos eo die cenati solvimus,

Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 2:

altero die quam a Brundusio solvit,

Liv. 31, 14 init.:

qui inde solverant,

Val. Max. 1, 7, 3:

solvi mare languido,

Sen. Ep. 53, 1:

fortasse etiam ventis minantibus solves,

id. Ben. 2, 35, 5:

non eadem est his et illis causa solvendi,

making sea-voyages, id. Q. N. 5, 18, 16.—

With navis, etc., as subj., to leave the land (sc. se a litore):

naves XVIII. ex superiore portu solverunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 28; and by another change of construction: solvimus oram, we freed the shore, i.e. from the ship, Quint. 4, 2, 41; id. Ep. ad Tryph. 3.—

Poet. usages:

de litore puppis solvit iter,

clears the voyage, Stat. S. 5, 1, 243:

nec tibi Tyrrhena solvatur funis harena,

Prop. 1, 8, 11 (cf.: retinacula solvere, c. supra).—

Of secretions from the body ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

tempore eo quo menstrua solvit,

Lucr. 6, 706:

cruor solvitur,

Stat. Th. 9, 530:

lacrimas solvere,

id. Achill. 2, 256:

solutis lacrimis,

Claud. Ruf. 2, 258; so,

partus solvere,

to bear, bring forth, be delivered of offspring, Ov. F. 3, 258; Stat. Th. 5, 461; Plin. 28, 3, 6, § 33; 32, 1, 1, § 6.—

To loosen an object from that which holds it together, to break up, part, dissolve, disperse, divide, take apart, scatter.

In gen.:

omne colligatum solvi potest,

Cic. Fin. 11.—

Of structures ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

solvere naves et rursus conjungere,

Curt. 8, 10, 3:

solvere quassatae parcite membra ratis,

Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 2:

dubitavit an solveret pontem,

Curt. 4, 16, 8:

solvere pontem,

Tac. A. 1, 69:

si pons solutus sit,

Dig. 2, 11, 2, § 7:

solutus pons tempestatibus,

Just. 2, 13, 9:

currum (solis) solutum,

Manil. 1, 740.—

Of woven stuff:

solvens texta,

Prop. 2, 9, 6.—

Of mountains:

utrimque montes solvit (Hercules),

Sen. Herc. Fur. 237:

tridente Neptunus montem solvit,

id. Agam. 553.—

Of the neck:

soluta cervix silicis impulsu,

broken, Sen. Troad. 1119.—

Of a comet:

momentum quo cometes solutus et in duas partes redactus est,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 3.—

Of the hair, to loosen, untie, let fall:

solve capillos,

Ov. Am. 3, 9, 3:

crinem,

id. A. A. 3, 784; id. M. 11, 682; 13, 584; Prop. 2, 15 (3, 7), 46:

comas casside,

Ov. F. 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 4, 854.—

Of the earth (so mostly P. a., q. v. infra;

post-Aug.): ita in terrae corpore evenit ut partes ejus vetustate solvantur, solutae cadant,

Sen. Q. N. 6, 10, 2:

ubi montis latus nova ventis solvit hiems,

Stat. Th. 7, 745. —

To dissolve; pass., to be dissolved, changed, to pass over into ( poet. and postclass. for dissolvere, or transire in); constr. absol., or with in and acc.

Of a change into air or gas:

calor mobiliter solvens, differt primordia vini,

dissolving, parts the molecules of the wine, Lucr. 6, 235:

nam materiai copia ferretur per inane soluta,

id. 1, 1018; so id. 1, 1103:

ita fatus in aera rursus solvitur,

Stat. Th. 5, 285;

nec in aera solvi Passa, recentem animam caelestibus intulit astris,

Ov. M. 15, 845.—

Into a liquid, to melt:

saepe terra in tabem solvitur,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 7:

terram quam diximus esse mutabilem et solvi in umorem,

id. ib. 3, 29, 4:

nullum tellus se solvit in amnem,

Luc. 2, 408; ipsum in conubia terrae Aethera, cum pluviis rarescunt nubila, solvo, dissolve into the embrace of the earth, i. e. change into rain, Stat. S. 1, 2, 186:

ex Aethiopiae jugis solutas nives ad Nilum decurrere,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 2, 17; so,

nivem solvere,

id. ib. 4, 5, 2; Ov. Am. 3, 6, 93; Sen. Herc. Oet. 729:

rigor auri solvitur aestu,

Lucr. 1, 493:

ferrum calidi solvant camini,

Manil. 4, 250:

cerae igne solutae,

Ov. A. A. 2, 47:

Iris cum vino triduo non solvitur,

Plin. 21, 20, 83, § 142:

(herba) quinto die solvitur,

id. 26, 14, 88, § 148.—

Of putrefaction:

(vitulo) per integram solvuntur viscera pellem,

Verg. G. 4, 302.—

Of change in general:

inque novas abiit massa soluta domos,

Ov. F. 1, 108:

repentino crementur incendio, atque ex tanta varietate solvantur atque eant in unum omnia (sc. all the heavenly bodies),

Sen. Ben. 6, 22.—

Of expansion by heat:

(uva) cum modo frigoribus premitur, modo solvitur aestu,

Ov. A. A. 2, 317.—

Hence, solvere, absol., to rarefy:

gravitas aeris solvitur,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 5, 1.—

Solvi in, to pass into, become:

in cacumine (herbae) capitula purpurea quae solvantur in lanugines,

Plin. 27, 8, 39, § 61.—Of a wave:

donec in planitiem immotarum aquarum solvatur,

disappears in, Sen. Q. N. 1, 2, 2:

postremi (equi) solvuntur in aequora pisces (= solvuntur in pisces),

Stat. Th. 2, 47: lumina in lacrimas solventur, stream with tears. —Hence, solvere, causative, to make pass over, to make vanish in: circulum in pulverem, in quo descriptus est, solvere, Sen. Ep. 74, 27: soluti agri, the boundaries of which are effaced, Sic. Fl. Cond. Agr. p. 3 Goes.—

To consume, to destroy, dissolve:

solvere orbes,

Manil. 1, 497:

ni calor et ventus... interemant sensum diductaque solvant (i.e. sensum),

Lucr. 3, 287:

(Cato) ferrei prope corporis animique, quem ne senectus quidem, quae solvit omnia, fregerit,

Liv. 39, 40, 11:

si (cometae) sunt purus ignis... nec illos conversio mundi solvit,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 2, 2:

(turbo) ab eo motu, qui universum trahit, solveretur,

id. ib. 7, 9, 4:

tabes solvit corpora,

Luc. 6, 18; 7, 809:

nec solum silvas, sed saxa ingentia solvit (ignis),

id. 3, 506:

ne tegat functos humus, ne solvat ignis,

Sen. Thyest. 750.—So, vitam solvere, to extinguish life, esp. of gradual or easy death:

solvas potius (vitam), quam abrumpas, dummodo, si alia solvendi ratio non erit, vel abrumpas,

Sen. Ep. 22, 3:

hanc mihi solvite vitam,

Prop. 2, 9, 39.—

Trop.

To free, release, loose, emancipate, set free; constr. absol., with abl. or ab and abl.; rarely with gen.

From the body, etc.:

teque isto corpore solvo,

Verg. A. 4, 703:

soluta corpore anima,

Quint. 5, 14, 13:

qui solutas vinculis animas recipit,

Sen. Cons. 28, 8: si animus somno relaxatus solute (i. e. free from the shackles of the body) moveatur ac libere, Cic. Div. 2, 48, 100:

vocem solvere,

to set free the voice, to speak, Stat. S. 3, 1; Sen. Thyest. 682; so, responsa solve (pregn. = utter and disclose), Sen. Oedip. 292:

suspiria solvit,

Stat. Th. 11, 604:

solvat turba jocos,

Sen. Med. 114:

solutos Qui captat risus hominum (= quem juvat risus hominum solvere),

Hor. S. 1, 4, 83:

Ausonii... versibus incomptis ludunt risuque soluto,

unrestrained, free, Verg. G. 2, 386.—

Of members or parts of the body: linguam solvere, to unfetter the tongue (sc. vinculis oris), to give flow to words:

linguam (Juno) ad jurgia solvit,

Ov. M. 3, 261:

lingua devincta nec in motus varios soluta,

Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 7:

ut quisque contemptissimus est, ita linguae solutissimae est,

id. Const. 11, 3:

(fama) innumeras solvit in praeconia linguas,

Luc. 1, 472. —Solvere bracchia, poet., to unfetter the arms, i. e. to move them:

magna difficili solventem bracchia motu,

Stat. Achill. 1, 604; cf.

of the free motions of animals: columbae soluto volatu multum velociores,

unrestrained flight, Plin. 10, 36, 52, § 108.—

From obligations and debts:

solvit me debito,

Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1:

an nos debito solverit,

id. Ep. 81, 3:

ut religione civitas solvatur,

Cic. Caecin. 34, 98; Liv. 7, 3, 9:

te decem tauri... Me tener solvet vitulus (sc. religione),

Hor. C. 4, 2, 54.—So from a military oath:

hoc si impetro, solvo vos jurejurando,

Just. 14, 4, 7.—Sacramento or militia solvere, to dismiss a soldier from service:

sacramento solvi,

Tac. A. 16, 13:

cum quis propter delictum sacramento solvitur,

Dig. 49, 16, 13:

militia solvere,

Tac. A. 1, 44.— Munere (publico) solvere, to exempt from public duties:

ut Ilienses publico munere solverentur,

Tac. A. 12, 58.—With obj. inf.:

ut manere solveretur,

that he should be excused from the duty of remaining, Tac. A. 3, 29.—

From guilt and sin, to acquit, absolve, cleanse (cf. absolvere, to acquit of crime):

si ille huic (insidias fecerit), ut scelere solvamur,

be held guiltless, Cic. Mil. 12, 31:

atque hunc ille summus vir scelere solutum periculo liberavit,

id. ib. 4, 9:

sit capitis damno Roma soluta mei,

Ov. F. 6, 452:

ipsum quoque Pelea Phoci Caede per Haemonias solvit Acastus aquas,

id. ib. 2, 40:

Helenen ego crimine solvo,

id. A. A. 2, 371:

quid crimine solvis Germanum?

Stat. Th. 11, 379:

solutam caede Gradivus manum restituit armis,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 1342. —

From feelings, etc.:

quae eos qui quaesissent cura et negotio solverent,

Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30:

cum ego vos solvi curis ceteris,

Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 33:

senatus cura belli solutus,

Plin. 22, 3, 4, § 7:

pectus linquunt cura solutum,

Lucr. 2, 45:

his terroribus ab Epicuro soluti et in libertatem vindicati,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20, 56:

soluti metu,

Liv. 41, 14 init.; 27, 51:

solvent formidine terras,

Verg. E. 4, 14:

solve metu patriam,

Prop. 4 (5), 6, 41:

metu belli Scythas solvit,

Just. 9, 2, 2; so id. 14, 2, 5:

haec est Vita solutorum misera ambitione,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 129:

soluti a cupiditatibus,

Cic. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

his concitationibus quem vacuum, solutum, liberum videris,

id. Tusc. 5, 15, 43: et tu solve me dementia, [p. 1726] Hor. Epod. 17, 43:

longo luctu,

Verg. A. 2, 26:

tristem juventam solve (i. e. juventam tristitia),

Sen. Hippol. 450:

solvite tantis animum monstris, solvite, superi,

id. Herc. Fur. 1063:

Quis te solvere Thessalis Magus venenis poterit?

Hor. C. 1, 27, 21. — Poet.:

solvit animis miracula (for animos miraculis),

the soul from superstition, Manil. 1, 103.—And of animals:

rabie tigrim,

Manil. 5, 707.— Absol.:

ut ad praecepta quae damus possit ire animus, solvendus est (i. e. perturbationibus),

Sen. Ep. 95, 38:

calices, quem non fecere contracta in paupertate solutum?

i. e. from cares, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 20:

solvite animos,

Manil. 4, 12.—With in:

vix haec in munera solvo animum,

i. e. free it from passions and so make it fit for these duties, Stat. S. 5, 3, 33.—

From sleep, very rare:

ego somno solutus sum,

awoke, Cic. Rep. 6, 26, 29 (cf.: somno solvi, to be overwhelmed by sleep, 2. b, g infra).—

From labor, business, etc.:

volucres videmus... solutas opere volitare,

Cic. Or. 2, 6, 23:

solutus onere regio, regni bonis fruor,

Sen. Oedip. 685.— Poet.:

Romulus excubias decrevit in otia solvi,

to be relieved from guard and enjoy leisure, Prop. 4 (5), 4, 79.—

From rigidity, austerity, stiffness, etc., to relax, smooth, unbend, quiet, soothe ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

frontem solvere disce,

Mart. 14, 183:

saltem ora trucesque solve genas,

Stat. Th. 11, 373:

solvit feros tunc ipse rictus,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 797.— Poet.:

solvatur fronte senectus = frons senectute (i. e. rugis), solvatur,

be cleared, Hor. Epod. 13, 5:

vultum risu solvit,

relieves, Val. Max. 4, 3, 5:

risum judicis movendo, et illos tristes affectus solvit, et animum renovat,

Quint. 6, 3, 1; so,

solvere judicem,

unbend, excite his laughter, id. 11, 3, 3:

solvere qui (potui) Curios Fabriciosque graves (sc. risu),

Mart. 9, 28 (29), 4:

ut tamen arctum Solveret hospitiis animum,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 83:

cujus non contractum sollicitudine animum illius argutiae solvant?

Sen. Cons. Helv. 18, 5.— Transf., pregn.:

solventur risu tabulae,

i. e. the austerity of the judge will be relaxed by laughter, and the complaint dismissed, Hor. S. 2, 1, 86.—Imitated:

quia si aliquid omiserimus, cum risu quoque tota res solvitur,

Quint. 5, 10, 67.—

From any cause of restraint.

To release from siege:

Bassanitas obsidione solvere,

Liv. 44, 30:

patriam obsidione solvere,

Val. Max. 3, 2, 2. —

From moral restraints:

hic palam cupiditates suas solvit,

gave vent to, Curt. 6, 6, 1; v. also P. a., B. 7. infra.—

From laws and rules: legibus solvere.

To exempt from laws, i. e. by privilege:

Vopiscus, qui ex aedilitate consulatum petit, solvatur legibus,

Cic. Phil. 11, 5, 11:

cur M. Brutus legibus est solutus, si, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 13, 31:

ut interea magistratus reliquos, legibus omnibus soluti, petere possetis,

id. Agr. 2, 36, 99:

Lurco, tribunus plebis, solutus est (et lege Aelia et Furia),

id. Att. 1, 16, 13:

solvatne legibus Scipionem,

Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2:

petente Flacco ut legibus solverentur,

Liv. 31, 50, 8:

Scipio legibus solutus est,

id. Epit. 56:

Licet enim, inquiunt, legibus soluti sumus, attamen legibus vivimus,

Just. Inst. 2, 17, 8; cf.:

ut munere vigintiviratus solveretur,

Tac. A. 3, 29.— Transf., of the laws of nature, etc.:

(aestus) illo tempore, solutus legibus, sine modo fertur,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 28, 6:

solus (sapiens) generis humani legibus solvitur,

id. Brev. Vit. 15, 5:

nec leti lege solutas,

Lucr. 3, 687:

nec solvo Rutulos (i. e. legibus fati),

Verg. A. 10, 111.— With gen. (cf. libero), perh. only in phrase testamenti solvere, to release from a testamentary disposition:

et is per aes et libram heredes testamenti solveret,

Cic. Leg. 2, 20, 51; 2, 21, 53 (less prop. testamenti is taken as attribute of heredes); cf. Gai. Inst. 3, 175, and Hor. C. 3, 17, 16, P. a., B. 5. fin. infra.—

Legibus solutus, not subject to, released from:

reus Postumus est ea lege... solutus ac liber,

i. e. the law does not apply to him, Cic. Rab. Post. 5, 12:

soluti (lege Julia) huc convenistis, ne constricti discedatis cavete,

id. ib. 7, 18.—Of other laws:

solutus Legibus insanis,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 68:

quae sedes expectent animam solutam legibus servitutis humanae,

Sen. Ep. 65, 20.— Transf., of things: soluta legibus scelera sunt, unrestrained by the laws, i. e. crimes are committed with impunity, Sen. Ben. 7, 27, 1.— Of the laws of versification: numerisque fertur Lege solutis, referring to dithyrambic measures, Hor. C. 4, 2, 12 (cf. P. a., B. 11. infra).—

To dissolve, separate objects which are united, to break up, dismiss.

Of troops, ranks, etc.:

ubi ordines procursando solvissent,

Liv. 42, 65, 8:

incomposito agmine, solutis ordinibus,

Curt. 8, 1, 5; so id. 8, 4, 6:

agmina Diductis solvere choris,

Verg. A. 5, 581:

solvit maniplos,

Juv. 8, 154:

solvuntur laudata cohors,

Stat. Achill. 2, 167.—Hence, to separate armies engaged in battle:

commissas acies ego possum solvere,

Prop. 4 (5), 4, 59.—

Of banquets, assemblies, etc.:

convivio soluto,

Liv. 40, 14 fin.:

convivium solvit,

Curt. 8, 5, 24; 8, 6, 16:

Quid cessas convivia solvere?

Ov. F. 6, 675:

coetuque soluto Discedunt,

id. M. 13, 898.—Hence, urbem (Capuam) solutam ac debilitatam reliquerunt, disfranchised, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91.—

Of the words in discourse, orationem or versum solvere, to break up a sentence or verse:

(discant) versus primo solvere, mox mutatis verbis interpretari,

Quint. 1, 9, 2:

quod cuique visum erit vehementer, dulciter, speciose dictum, solvat ac turbet,

id. 9, 4, 14:

ut partes orationis sibi soluto versu desideret et pedum proprietates,

id. 1, 8, 13:

non, ut si solvas Postquam discordia tetra, etc., invenias etiam disjecti membra poetae,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 60.—

Implying a change for the worse.

To relax, make effeminate, weaken, by ease, luxury, dissipation, etc. (post-Aug.):

Hannibalem hiberna solverunt,

Sen. Ep. 51, 5:

usque eo nimio delicati animi languore solvuntur,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 12, 6:

infantiam statim deliciis solvimus,

Quint. 1, 2, 6:

solutus luxu,

id. 3, 8, 28; so Tac. A. 11, 31.—With in and acc.:

soluti in luxum,

Tac. H. 2, 99:

in lasciviam,

id. ib. 3, 38.— Transf.: versum solvere, to deprive a verse of its proper rhythm:

si quinque continuos dactylos confundas solveris versum,

Quint. 9, 4, 49.—

To relax, benumb the limbs or body;

as by narcotics, terror, sickness, exhaustion: multaque praeterea languentia membra per artus solvunt,

Lucr. 6, 798:

ima Solvuntur latera,

Verg. G. 3, 523:

solvi debilitate corporis,

paralyzed, Val. Max. 1, 7, 4:

ut soluto labitur moriens gradu,

Sen. Hippol. 368.—In mal. part., Hor. Epod. 12, 8; cf. Verg. G. 3, 523.— Poet.:

illum aget, penna metuente solvi, Fama superstes,

Hor. C. 2, 2, 7.—Of the mind:

segnitia (oratoris) solvit animos,

wearies, Quint. 11, 3, 52:

mentes solvere,

to make insane, Plin. 25, 3, 7, § 25.—

By frost ( poet.):

solvuntur illi frigore membra,

Verg. A. 12, 951; 1, 92.—

By sleep ( poet. for sopio):

homines volucresque ferasque Solverat alta quies,

Ov. M. 7, 186:

corpora somnus Solverat,

id. ib. 10, 369:

molli languore solutus,

id. ib. 11, 648;

11, 612: altoque sopore solutum,

id. ib. 8, 817:

somno vinoque solutos,

id. F. 2, 333; Verg. A. 9, 236:

ut membra solvit sopor,

id. ib. 12, 867:

non solvit pectora somnus,

Sen. Agam. 76.—With in:

solvitur in somnos,

Verg. A. 4, 530.— Transf., of the sea:

aequor longa ventorum pace solutum,

lulled to sleep, Stat. Th. 3, 255.—

By death: solvi, to die ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

ipse deus, simulatque volam, me solvet,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 78:

corporibus quae senectus solvit,

Curt. 89, 32 (cf. A. 4. supra):

(corpus) quam nullo negotio solvitur,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 2:

alius inter cenandum solutus est,

id. Ep. 66, 43:

ubicumque arietaveris, solveris,

id. Cons. Marc. 11, 3:

me fata maturo exitu facilique solvant,

Sen. Troad. 605:

solvi inedia,

Petr. 111:

sic morte quasi somno soluta est,

Flor. 2, 21, 11.—Hence,

Of logical dissolution, to refute:

non tradit Epicurus quomodo captiosa solvantur,

how fallacies are refuted, Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 22:

argumentum solvere,

Quint. 2, 17, 34:

solutum scies quod nobis opponitur,

Sen. Const. 12, 3.—

To disperse, dispel, as of a cloud:

deorum beneficia tempestiva ingentes minas interventu suo solventia,

Sen. Ben. 4, 4, 2.

To loose, remove, cancel that which binds any thing.

In a corporeal sense.

In gen., to loose (weaker than rumpo;

post-Aug.): effringere quam aperire, rumpere quam solvere putant robustius,

Quint. 2, 12, 1:

qua convulsa tota operis colligatio solveretur,

Val. Max. 8, 14, 6:

supera compage soluta,

Stat. Th. 8, 31.—

To remove a fetter, bridle, etc.:

nullo solvente catenas,

Ov. M. 3, 700: vincla jugis boum, Tib. 2, 1, 7:

solvere frenum,

Phaedr. 1, 2, 3:

loris solutis,

Ov. A. A. 1, 41.— Transf., of prisons:

qui, solutis ergastulis, exercitus numerum implevit,

Liv. Ep. 56; Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 10, 13; 11, 13, 2.—Of frost:

gelu solvitur,

it thaws, Tac. H. 1, 79:

solvitur acris hiems,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 1.—Of clouds:

facit igitur ventum resoluta nubes, quae plurimis modis solvitur,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 12, 5; 5, 12, 1.—Of the grasp of hands, fingers, etc.:

Aeacides a corpore bracchia solvit,

looses his hold, Ov. M. 11, 246:

indigno non solvit bracchia collo,

Stat. Th. 5, 217:

digitis solutis abjecit jaculum,

id. ib. 8, 585.—

To untie a string, cord, necklace, etc., slacken or unlock an enclosure, open a box, trunk, etc.:

solve vidulum ergo,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 98:

eam solve cistulam,

id. Am. 2, 2, 151:

solve zonam,

untie, id. Truc. 5, 62:

solvisse jugalem ceston fertur,

Stat. Th. 5, 62:

animai nodos a corpore solvit,

Lucr. 2, 950:

nihil interest quomodo (nodi) solvantur,

Curt. 3, 1, 18:

quid boni est, nodos operose solvere, quos ipse ut solveres feceris?

Sen. Ben. 5, 12, 2:

solvere nodum,

Stat. Th. 11, 646:

laqueum quem nec solvere possis, nec abrumpere,

Sen. Tranq. 10, 1:

vix solvi duros a pectore nexus,

Ov. M. 9, 58:

fasciam solve,

Sen. Ep. 80, 10:

solutis fasciis,

Curt. 7, 6, 5:

solvi fasciculum,

Cic. Att. 11, 9, 2:

crinales vittas,

Verg. A. 7, 403:

Parmenion vinculum epistulae solvens,

Curt. 7, 2, 25:

equum empturus solvi jubes stratum,

Sen. Ep. 80, 9:

redimicula solvite collo,

Ov. F. 4, 135:

corollas de fronte,

Prop. 1, 3, 21:

solvere portas,

Stat. Th. 3, 492:

munimina valli,

id. ib. 12, 10:

ille pharetram Solvit,

Ov. M. 5, 380.— Transf., of the veins as enclosures of the blood:

solutis ac patefactis venis,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 15, 5:

venam cultello solvere,

Col. 6, 14; cf.

also: lychnis alvum solvit,

looses the bowels, Plin. 21, 26, 98, § 171; 21, 20, 83, § 140; Suet. Vesp. 24; Tac. A. 12, 67:

ventrem,

Plin. 20, 8, 30, § 74.— Absol. (sc. alvum), Mart. 13, 29:

stomachus solutus = venter solutus,

loose bowels, Petr. 117; Scrib. Comp. 92.—

Trop., to slacken or remove a bond.

Solvere aliquid (aliquod vinculum; cf. I. B. 1. supra).

Of the mouth, etc., to open:

talibus ora solvit verbis,

Ov. M. 15, 74; so id. ib. 1, 181; Tib. 4, 5, 14:

ternis ululatibus ora Solvit,

Ov. M. 7, 191; 9, 427; id. Tr. 3, 11, 20; Stat. Achill. 1, 525:

vix ora solvi patitur etiamnum timor,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 725; so,

os promptius ac solutius,

Val. Max. 8, 7, ext. 1.— Transf., of an abyss:

hic ora solvit Ditis invisi domus,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 664.—

To remove, cancel; to destroy the force of a legal or moral obligation by expiration, death, etc.:

si mors alterutrius interveniat, solvitur mandatum,

Gai. Inst. 3, 160:

cum aliquis renunciaverit societati, societas solvitur,

id. ib. 3, 151; so id. ib. 3, 152:

morte solvetur compromissum,

Dig. 4, 8, 27:

soluto matrimonio,

ib. 24, 3, 2:

solutum conjugium,

Juv. 9, 79:

qui... conjugalia solvit,

Sen. Med. 144:

nec conjugiale solutum Foedus in alitibus,

Ov. M. 11, 743:

(sapiens) invitus beneficium per compensationem injuriae solvet,

cancel the obligation of a favor by the set-off of a wrong, Sen. Ep. 81, 17.—

To efface guilt or wrong:

magnis injuria poenis Solvitur,

Ov. F. 5, 304:

solve nefas, dixit: solvit et ille nefas,

id. ib. 2, 44:

culpa soluta mea est,

id. Tr. 4, 4, 10:

neque tu verbis solves unquam quod mi re male feceris (i. e. injuriam),

Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 10.—

Poenam solvere, to suffer punishment, i. e. to cancel the obligation of suffering, etc. (cf. 3. infra;

less freq. than poenam persolvere, exsolvere): serae, sed justae tamen et debitae poenae solutae sunt,

Cic. Mil. 31, 85:

capite poenas solvit,

Sall. J. 69, 4:

meritas poenas solventem,

Curt. 6, 3, 14:

poenarum solvendi tempus,

Lucr. 5, 1224:

nunc solvo poenas,

Sen. Phoen. 172:

hac manu poenas tibi solvam,

id. Hippol. 1177.—

To remove, relieve, soothe affections, passions, etc.:

atque animi curas e pectore solvat,

Lucr. 4, 908:

curam metumque juvat Dulci Lyaeo solvere,

Hor. Epod. 9, 38:

patrimonii cura solvatur,

Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. §

2: Pyrrhus impetus sui terrore soluto,

Val. Max. 4, 3, 14:

solvite corde metum,

Verg. A. 1, 562; so id. ib. 9, 90:

solve metus animo,

Stat. Th. 2, 356:

solvi pericula et metus narrant,

Plin. 11, 37, 52, § 140: neque adhuc Stheneleius iras Solverat Eurystheus, [p. 1727] Ov. M. 9, 274:

hoc uno solvitur ira modo,

id. A. A. 2, 460:

solvitque pudorem,

Verg. A. 4, 55.—

Of sleep:

quasi clamore solutus Sit sopor,

Ov. M. 3, 6, 30:

nec verba, nec herbae audebunt longae somnum tibi solvere Lethes,

Luc. 6, 768; cf.:

lassitudinem solvere,

Plin. 37, 10, 54, § 143. —

Of any checks and barriers to motion, to remove.

To raise a siege:

solutam cernebat obsidionem,

Liv. 36, 10, 14:

soluta obsidione,

id. 36, 31, 7:

ad Locrorum solvendam obsidionem,

id. 27, 28, 17; cf. id. 37, 7, 7; 38, 5, 6; 42, 56 init.; 44, 13, 7; Curt. 4, 4, 1; Tac. A. 4, 24; 4, 73; Just. 9, 2, 10.—

Of passions, etc., to remove restraint:

cujus si talis animus est, solvamus nos ejus vincula, et claustra (i. e. irae) refringamus,

Liv. 36, 7, 13.—

To overthrow, subvert a higher authority, etc.:

quos (milites), soluto imperio, licentia corruperat,

Sall. J. 39, 5:

imperia solvit qui tacet, jussus loqui,

Sen. Oedip. 525:

sonipedes imperia solvunt,

id. Hippol. 1084; cf.:

sanctitas fori ludis solvitur,

Quint. 11, 3, 58.—

Of laws and customs, to abolish, violate:

solvendarum legum id principium esse censebant (post-Aug. for dissolvendarum),

Curt. 10, 2, 5:

solutae a se legis monitus,

Val. Max. 6, 5, ext. 4:

cum plus quam ducentorum annorum morem solveremus,

Liv. 8, 4, 7:

(Tarquinius) morem de omnibus senatum consulendi solvit,

id. 1, 49, 7:

oportebat istum morem solvi,

Curt. 8, 8, 18.—

Esp. with acc. of the bond, etc. (taking the place of the constr. I. B. 1. 2. 3. supra, when the abl. of separation is not admissible).

To subvert discipline:

disciplinam militarem solvisti,

Liv. 8, 7, 16:

luxuria solutam disciplinam militarem esse,

id. 40, 1, 4:

quod cum, ne disciplina solveretur, fecisset,

Front. Strat. 2, 12, 2.—

Of strength, energy, attention, etc., to loosen, impair, weaken, scatter, disperse:

nobilitas factione magis pollebat, plebis vis soluta atque dispersa,

Sall. J. 41, 6:

patrios nervos externarum deliciarum contagione solvi et hebetari noluerunt,

Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:

vires solvere,

Quint. 9, 4, 7:

vis illa dicendi solvitur, et frigescit affectus,

Quint. 11, 3, 133.—

Of affection, etc., to sever, dissolve, destroy:

segnes nodum (amicitiae) solvere Gratiae,

Hor. C. 3, 21, 22;

similarly: solvit (ille deus) amicos,

Prop. 2, 34 (3, 32), 5; so id. 2, 15 (3, 7), 26:

hoc firmos solvit amores,

Ov. A. A. 2, 385:

amores cantibus et herbis solvere,

Tib. 1, 2, 60.—

Of sickness and hunger, to end, remove:

vitex dicitur febres solvere,

Plin. 24, 9, 38, § 60:

solvit jejunia granis,

Ov. F. 4, 607:

quoniam jejunia virgo Solverat,

id. M. 5, 535; cf. Luc. 3, 282; so,

famem,

Sen. Thyest. 64.—

To delay:

hi classis moras hac morte solvi rentur,

Sen. Troad. 1131.—

Of darkness, to dispel:

lux solverat umbras,

Stat. Th. 10, 390.—

Of war, strife, etc., to compose, settle:

aut solve bellum, mater, aut prima excipe,

Sen. Phoen. 406:

electus formae certamina solvere pastor,

Stat. Achill. 2, 337:

jurgia solvere,

Manil. 3, 115:

contradictiones solvere,

Quint. 7, 1, 38.—

Of difficulties, riddles, questions, ambiguities, etc., to solve, explain, remove:

quia quaestionem solvere non posset,

Val. Max. 9, 12, ext. 3:

aenigmata,

Quint. 8, 6, 53:

omnes solvere posse quaestiones,

Suet. Gram. 11:

haec ipsa, quae volvuntur ab illis, solvere malim et expandere,

Sen. Ep. 82, 20; id. Q. N. 7, 14, 1:

unum tantum hoc solvendum est,

that one question, id. ib. 1, 7, 3:

puta nunc me istuc non posse solvere,

id. Ep. 48, 6:

carmina non intellecta Solverat,

Ov. M. 7, 760:

triste carmen alitis solvi ferae,

Sen. Oedip. 102:

nodos juris,

Juv. 8, 50:

proponere aliquid quod solvat quaestionem,

Quint. 5, 10, 96:

plurimas quaestiones illis probationibus solvi solere,

id. 1, 10, 49:

quo solvitur quaestio supra tractata,

id. 3, 7, 3:

ambiguitatem or amphiboliam,

id. 7, 2, 49; 7, 9, 10.—

In partic., of obligations, to fulfil.

Originally, rem solvere, to free one's property and person (rem familiarem) from debts (solutio per aes et libram), according to the ancient formula:

quod ego tibi tot millibus condemnatus sum, me eo nomine... a te solvo liberoque hoc aere aeneaque libra,

Gai. Inst. 3, 174 Huschke; cf.:

inde rem creditori palam populo solvit (i. e. per aes et libram),

Liv. 6, 14, 5:

quas res dari, fieri, solvi oportuit,

id. 1, 32, 11. —Hence, rem solvere, to pay; often with dat. of person:

pro vectura rem solvit?

paid the freight, Plaut. As. 2, 4, 27:

ubi nugivendis res soluta'st omnibus,

id. Aul. 3, 5, 51:

tibi res soluta est recte,

id. Curc. 4, 3, 21:

ego quidem pro istac rem solvo ab tarpessita meo,

id. ib. 5, 2, 20:

rem solvo omnibus quibus dehibeo,

id. ib. 5, 3, 45:

dum te strenuas, res erit soluta,

id. Ps. 2, 2, 35:

res soluta'st, Gripe, ego habeo,

id. Rud. 5, 3, 57.— Trop.: saepe edunt (aves);

semel si captae sunt, rem solvont aucupi,

they repay him, pay for his expenses, Plaut. As. 1, 3, 66.—And to pay by other things than money:

si tergo res solvonda'st,

by a whipping, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 54:

habent hunc morem ut pugnis rem solvant si quis poscat clarius,

id. Curc. 3, 9:

tibi quidem copia'st, dum lingua vivet, qui rem solvas omnibus,

id. Rud. 2, 6, 74.—Hence,

Absol. (sc. rem), to pay; with or without dat. of person:

cujus bona, quod populo non solvebat, publice venierunt,

Cic. Fl. 18, 43:

ei cum solveret, sumpsit a C. M. Fufiis,

id. ib. 20, 46:

misimus qui pro vectura solveret,

id. Att. 1, 3, 2:

qui nimis cito cupit solvere, invitus debet,

Sen. Ben. 4, 40, 5:

ut creditori solvat,

Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 7.— Pass. impers.:

si dare vis mihi, Magis solutum erit quam ipsi dederis,

it will be a more valid payment, Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 46:

numquam vehementius actum est quam me consule, ne solveretur,

to stop payments, Cic. Off. 2, 24, 84:

fraudandi spe sublata solvendi necessitas consecuta est,

id. ib. 2, 24, 84:

cum eo ipso quod necesse erat solvi, facultas solvendi impediretur,

Liv. 6, 34, 1.—Cf. in the two senses, to free from debt, and to pay, in the same sentence:

non succurrere vis illi, sed solvere. Qui sic properat, ipse solvi vult, non solvere,

Sen. Ben. 6, 27, 1.—

With acc. of the debt, to discharge, to pay:

postquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10:

hoc quod debeo peto a te ut... solutum relinquas,

settled, id. Att. 16, 6, 3:

solverat Castricio pecuniam jam diu debitam,

id. Fl. 23, 54:

ex qua (pensione) major pars est ei soluta,

id. Att. 16, 2, 1:

solvi aes alienum Pompejus ex suo fisco jussit,

Val. Max. 6, 2, 11:

aes alienum solvere,

Sen. Ep. 36, 5:

quae jactatio est, solvisse quod debebas?

id. Ben. 4, 17, 1; so,

debitum solvere,

id. ib. 6, 30, 2:

ne pecunias creditas solverent,

Cic. Pis. 35, 86:

ut creditae pecuniae solvantur,

Caes. B. C. 3, 20; 3, 1:

ex thensauris Gallicis creditum solvi posse,

Liv. 6, 15, 5:

ita bona veneant ut solidum suum cuique solvatur,

Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 46.—And of moral debts:

cum patriae quod debes solveris,

Cic. Marcell. 9, 27:

debet vero, solvitque praeclare,

id. Phil. 13, 11, 25:

aliter beneficium, aliter creditum solvitur,

Sen. Ben. 2, 34, 1:

qui grate beneficium accipit, primam ejus pensionem solvit,

id. ib. 2, 22 fin. —

By a confusion of construction, solvere pecuniam, etc., to pay money, etc. (for pecunia rem or debitum solvere); constr. with dat. or absol.:

emi: pecuniam solvi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20, § 43:

pro frumento nihil solvit,

id. ib. 2, 3, 72, §

169: legatis pecuniam pro frumento solvit,

Liv. 44, 16:

hanc pecuniam cum solvere in praesenti non posset,

Nep. Milt. 7, 6:

nisi pecuniam solvisset,

id. Cim. 1, 1:

condiciones pacis dictae ut decem millia talentum argenti... solverent,

Liv. 30, 37 med.:

pro quo (frumento) pretium solveret populus Romanus,

id. 36, 3, 1:

pretium servorum ex aerario solutum est dominis,

id. 32, 26, 14:

pretium pro libris domino esse solvendum,

id. 40, 39 fin.:

meritam mercedem,

id. 8, 22, 3; so id. 8, 11, 4: sorte creditum solvere, by paying the principal (i. e. without interest), id. 6, 36, 12:

quae praemia senatus militibus ante constituit, ea solvantur,

Cic. Phil. 14, 14, 38:

stipendium,

Liv. 28, 32, 1:

dotem mulieri,

Dig. 24, 3, 2:

litem aestimatam,

the amount of a fine, Nep. Cim. 5, 18 fin.:

arbitria funeris,

the expenses of the funeral, Cic. Red. Sen. 7, 18:

solvere dodrantem,

to pay seventy-five per cent., Mart. 8, 9, 1:

dona puer solvit,

paid the promised gifts, Ov. M. 9, 794; so,

munera,

id. ib. 11, 104.— Transf., of the dedication of a book, in return for favors:

et exspectabo ea (munera) quae polliceris, et erunt mihi pergrata si solveris... Non solvam nisi prius a te cavero, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 4, 17 sq. —Of the delivery of slaves:

si quis duos homines promise rit et Stichum solverit,

Dig. 46, 3, 67; 46, 3, 38, § 3.— Transf., poet.: dolorem solvisti, you have paid your grief, i. e. have duly mourned, Stat. S. 2, 6, 98.— Pass. with personal subject:

si (actor) solutus fuisset,

Dig. 12, 1, 31 (cf.: solvere militem, b supra). —

Esp., in certain phrases, to pay:

aliquid praesens solvere,

to pay in cash, Cic. Att. 16, 2, 1; so,

aliquid de praesentibus solvere,

Sen. Ep. 97, 16:

solvere grates (= referre gratiam muneribus): Sulla solvit grates Dianae,

Vell. 2, 25:

quas solvere grates sufficiam?

Stat. S. 4, 2, 7: cum homo avarus, ut ea (beneficia) solveret sibi imperare non posset, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 1; cf.: non dicimus reposuit beneficium aut solvit;

nullum nobis placuit quod aeri alieno convenit verbum,

Sen. Ep. 81, 9; but v. id. Ben. 2, 18, 5: in debitum solvere, to make a partial payment:

unum haec epistula in debitum solvet,

id. Ep. 7, 10: aliquid solvere ab aliquo (de aliqua re), to pay out of funds supplied by any one ( out of any fund):

Quintus laborat ut tibi quod debet ab Egnatio solvat,

Cic. Att. 7, 18, 4:

homines dicere, se a me solvere,

id. ib. 5, 21, 11:

(summa) erat solvenda de meo,

Plin. Ep. 2, 4, 2:

operas solvere alicui,

to work for somebody, Dig. 40, 7, 39: solvo operam Dianae, I work for Diana, i. e. offer a sacrifice to her, Afran. ap. Non. 12, 21: judicatum solvere, to pay the amount adjudged by the court, for which security (satisdatio) was required:

stipulatio quae appellatur judicatum solvi,

Gai. Inst. 4, 90:

iste postulat ut procurator judicatum solvi satisdaret,

Cic. Quint. 7, 29; so Dig. 3, 2, 28; 3, 3, 15; 2, 8, 8;

2, 8, 14 et saep.: auctio solvendis nummis,

a cash auction, Mart. 14, 35.— Gerund.: solvendo esse, to be solvent; jurid. t. t., to be able to pay, i. e. one's debts; cf.

in full: nec tamen solvendo aeri alieno respublica esset,

Liv. 31, 13:

nemo dubitat solvendo esse eum qui defenditur,

Dig. 50, 17, 105:

qui modo solvendo sint,

Gai. Inst. 1, 3, 121:

si solvendo sint,

Paul. Sent. 1, 20, 1:

nec interest, solvendo sit, necne,

Dig. 30, 1, 49, § 5; so ib. 46, 1, 10; 46, 1, 27, § 2; 46, 1, 51, §§ 1 and 4; 46, 1, 52, § 1; 46, 1, 28; 50, 17, 198 et saep.: non solvendo esse, to be insolvent:

solvendo non erat,

Cic. Att. 13, 10, 3:

cum solvendo civitates non essent,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 2:

tu nec solvendo eras, nec, etc.,

id. Phil. 2, 2, 4:

ne videatur non fuisse solvendo,

id. Off. 2, 22, 79;

and very freq. in the jurists.—So, trop.: quid matri, quid flebili patriae dabis? Solvendo non es,

Sen. Oedip. 941; cf.:

*non esse ad solvendum (i. e. able to pay),

Vitr. 10, 6 fin. —

To fulfil the duty of burial.

Justa solvere; with dat. of the person:

qui nondum omnia paterno funeri justa solvisset,

who had not yet finished the burial ceremonies of his father, Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 23:

justis defunctorum corporibus solutis,

Curt. 3, 12, 15:

proinde corpori quam primum justa solvamus,

id. 10, 6, 7:

ut justa soluta Remo,

Ov. F. 5, 452:

nunc justa nato solve,

Sen. Hippol. 1245.—

Exsequias, inferias or suprema solvere:

exsequiis rite solutis,

Verg. A. 7, 5:

cruor sancto solvit inferias viro,

Sen. Hippol. 1198:

solvere suprema militibus,

Tac. A. 1, 61.—

Votum solvere, to fulfil a vow to the gods.

Alone:

vota ea quae numquam solveret nuncupavit,

Cic. Phil. 3, 4, 11:

quod si factum esset, votum rite solvi non posse,

Liv. 31, 9 fin.:

liberare et se et rempublicam religione votis solvendis,

id. 40, 44, 8:

placatis diis votis rite solvendis,

id. 36, 37 fin.:

petiit ut votum sibi solvere liceret,

id. 45, 44:

animosius a mercatore quam a vectore solvitur votum,

Sen. Ep. 73, 5:

vota pro incolumitate solvebantur,

Tac. A. 2, 69:

vota pater solvit,

Ov. M. 9, 707:

ne votum solvat,

Mart. 12, 91, 6; 8, 4, 2; Val. Max. 6, 9, 5 ext.; 1, 1, 8 ext. — Poet.:

voti debita solvere,

Ov. F. 5, 596; cf.

the abbrev. formula V. S. L. M. (voTVM SOLVIT LIBENS MERITO),

Inscr. Orell. 186; 1296 sq.:

V.S.A.L. (ANIMO LIBENTI),

ib. 2022 et saep.:

sacra solvere (=votum solvere),

Manil. 1, 427.—

With dat.:

ait sese Veneri velle votum solvere,

Plaut. Rud. prol. 60:

vota Jovi solvo,

Ov. M. 7, 652; 8, 153:

sunt vota soluta deae,

id. F. 6, 248:

dis vota solvis,

Sen. Ben. 5, 19, 4:

libamenta Veneri solvere (=votum per libamenta),

Just. 18, 5, 4.—

Fidem solvere, to fulfil a promise (post-class. for fidem praestare, [p. 1728] exsolvere; cf.:

fidem obligatam liberare,

Suet. Claud. 9):

illi, ut fidem solverent, clipeis obruere,

Flor. 1, 1, 12;

similarly: et voti solverat ille fidem (=votum solverat),

Ov. F. 1, 642; but cf.: itane imprudens? tandem inventa'st causa: solvisti fidem, you have found a pretext to evade your promise (cf. II. A. 3.), Ter. And. 4, 1, 18: esset, quam dederas, morte soluta fides, by my death your promise to marry me would have been cancelled (cf. II. B. 1. 6.), Ov. H. 10, 78; similarly: suam fidem (i. e. quam Lepido habuerit) solutam esse, that his faith in Lepidus was broken, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 3.—With a different construction: se depositi fide solvere, to acquit one's self of the duty to return property intrusted to him (cf. I. B. 1. c.), Val. Max. 7, 3, 5 ext.: factique fide data munera solvit, he freed the gift already given from the obligation of an accomplished fact, i. e. he revoked the gifts, although already made, Ov. M. 11, 135.—

Promissum solvere, to fulfil a promise (very rare):

perinde quasi promissum solvens,

Val. Max. 9, 6, 1:

solvitur quod cuique promissum est,

Sen. Cons. Marc. 20 fin.;

similarly: solutum, quod juraverant, rebantur,

what they had promised under oath, Liv. 24, 18, 5.—Hence, sŏlūtus, a, um, P. a., free, loose, at large, unfettered, unbandaged.

Lit.

(Acc. to I.A. 1. supra.) Pigeat nostrum erum si eximat aut solutos sinat, Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 11:

tibi moram facis quom ego solutus sto,

id. Ep. 5, 2, 25:

reus solutus causam dicis, testes vinctos attines,

id. Truc. 4, 3, 63:

cum eos vinciret quos secum habebat, te solutum Romam mittebat?

Cic. Deiot. 7, 22:

nec quisquam ante Marium solutus dicitur esse sectus,

unbandaged, id. Tusc. 2, 22, 53:

duos (captivos) solutos ire ad Hannibalem jussit,

Liv. 27, 51:

eum interdiu solutum custodes sequebantur, nocte clausum asservabant,

id. 24, 45, 10:

non efficiatis ut solutos verear quos alligatos adduxit,

Val. Max. 6, 2, 3.—

(Acc. to I. A. 2.) Of texture, etc.; esp. of soil, loose, friable (opp spissus;

postAug.): quo solutior terra facilius pateat radicibus,

Sen. Ep. 90, 21;

ordeum nisi solutum et siccum locum non patitur,

Col. 2, 9:

soluta et facilis terra,

id. 3, 14;

solum solutum vel spissum,

id. 2, 2 init.;

seri vult raphanus terra soluta, umida,

Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 83:

hordeum seri non vult, nisi in sicca et soluta terra,

id. 18, 7, 18, § 79:

solutiores ripae,

Front. Aquaed. 15.—Of plants:

mas spissior, femina solutior,

Plin. 25, 9, 57, § 103.—Hence, subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., a state of looseness:

dum vult describere, quem ad modum alia torqueantur fila, alia ex molli solutoque ducantur,

Sen. Ep. 90, 20.—

(Acc. to I. A. 3.) Rarefied, thin, diffused:

turbo, quo celsior eo solutior laxiorque est, et ob hoc diffunditur,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 9, 3:

aer agitatus a sole calefactusque solutior est,

id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

debet aer nec tam spissus esse, nec tam tenuis et solutus, ut, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 2, 11.—

Trop.

(Acc. to I. B. 1.) Of speech, unfettered, fluent, ready:

(orator) solutus in explicandis sententiis,

Cic. Or. 47, 173:

verbis solutus satis,

id. ib. 47, 174:

solutissimus in dicendo,

id. ib. 48, 180.—

Exempt, free from duties, obligations, etc.:

quam ob rem viderer maximis beneficii vinculis obstrictus, cum liber essem et solutus?

Cic. Planc. 30, 72:

soluta (praedia) meliore in causa sunt quam obligata,

unmortgaged, id. Agr. 3, 2, 9:

si reddidi (debitum), solutus sum ac liber,

Sen. Ben. 2, 18, 5;

non ut gratus, sed ut solutus sim,

id. ib. 4, 21, 3;

solutus omni fenore,

Hor. Epod. 2, 4;

nam ea (religione) magister equitum solutus ac liber potuerit esse,

Liv. 8, 32, 5:

Mamertini soli in omni orbe terrarum vacui, expertes soluti ac liberi fuerunt ab omni sumptu, molestia, munere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 10, § 23.—

Free from punishment, not punishable, not liable, etc.: qui mancipia vendunt, certiores faciunt emptores quis fugitivus sit, noxave solutus, Edict. Aedil. ap. Dig. 21, 1, 1, § 1; Gell. 4, 2, 1; cf.:

quod aiunt aediles noxae solutus non sit sic intellegendum est... noxali judicio subjectum non esse,

Dig. 21, 1, 17, § 17:

apud quos libido etiam permissam habet et solutam licentiam,

Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

omne illud tempus habeat per me solutum ac liberum,

i. e. let the crimes then committed be unpunished, id. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 33: antea vacuum id solutumque poena fuerat, Tac. A. 14, 28.—With subj. inf.:

maxime solutum fuit, prodere de iis, etc.,

Tac. A. 4, 35: solutum existimatur esse, alteri male dicere, Caecil. ap. Cic. Fam. 6, 7, 3.—

Free from cares, undistracted:

animo soluto liberoque,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 75, § 185:

sed paulo solutiore tamen animo,

id. ib. 2, 5, 31, § 82.—

At leisure, free from labor, business, etc.:

te rogo ut eum solutum, liberum, confectis ejus negotiis a te, quamprimum ad me remittas,

Cic. Fam. 13, 63, 2:

quo mea ratio facilior et solutior esse possit,

id. ib. 3, 5, 1.—With gen.:

Genium Curabis Cum famulis operum solutis,

Hor. C. 3, 17, 16.—

Unbound, relaxed, merry, jovial:

quam homines soluti ridere non desinant, tristiores autem, etc.,

Cic. Dom. 39, 104:

an tu existimas quemquam soluto vultu et hilari oculo mortem contemnere?

Sen. Ep. 23, 4:

vultus,

Stat. Th. 5, 355:

(mores) naturam sequentium faciles sunt, soluti sunt,

unembarrassed, Sen. Ep. 122, 17.—

Free from the rule of others, uncontrolled, independent:

cum videas civitatis voluntatem solutam, virtutem alligatam,

Cic. Att. 2, 18, 1:

ab omni imperio externo soluta in perpetuum Hispania,

Liv. 29, 1 fin.:

Masinissae ab imperio Romano solutam libertatem tribuit,

Val. Max. 7, 2, 6:

incerti, solutique, et magis sine domino quam in libertate, Vononem in regnum accipiunt,

Tac. A. 2, 4:

quorum (militum) libertas solutior erat,

Just. 13, 2, 2.—Of animals:

rectore solutos (solis) equos,

Stat. Th. 1, 219.—

Free from influence or restraint; hence, independent, unbiassed, unprejudiced:

nec vero deus ipse alio modo intellegi potest, nisi mens soluta quaedam et libera,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 27, 66;

cum animi sine ratione motu ipsi suo soluto ac libero incitarentur,

id. Div. 1, 2, 4:

judicio senatus soluto et libero,

id. Phil. 5, 15, 41:

sum enim ad dignitatem in re publica solutus,

id. Att. 1, 13, 2:

libero tempore cum soluta vobis est eligendi optio,

id. Fin. 1, 10, 33:

si omnia mihi essent solutissima, tamen in re publica non alius essem atque nunc sum,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 21:

liberi enim ad causas solutique veniebant,

uncommitted, id. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 192.—

Free from moral restraint; hence, unbridled, insolent, loose:

amores soluti et liberi,

Cic. Rep. 4, 4, 4:

licentia,

id. ib. 4, 4, 4:

populi quamvis soluti ecfrenatique sint,

id. ib. 1, 34, 53:

quis erat qui sibi solutam P. Clodii praeturam sine maximo metu proponeret? Solutam autem fore videbatis, nisi esset is consul qui eam auderet possetque constringere,

id. Mil. 13, 34:

quominus conspectus, eo solutior erat,

Liv. 27, 31 fin.:

adulescentes aliquot quorum, in regno, libido solutior fuerat,

id. 2, 1, 2:

solutioris vitae primos adulescentiae annos egisse fertur,

a licentious life, Val. Max. 2, 6, 1:

spectandi solutissimum morem corrigere,

Suet. Aug. 44:

mores soluti,

licentious habits, Just. 3, 3, 10.—

Regardless of rules, careless, loose:

orator tam solutus et mollis in gestu,

Cic. Brut. 62, 225:

dicta factaque ejus solutiora, et quandam sui neglegentiam praeferentia,

Tac. A. 16, 18.—

Esp., of style, etc., free from rules of composition.

Oratio soluta, verba soluta, a free style, conversational or epistolary style:

est oratio aliqua vincta atque contexta, soluta alia, qualis in sermone et epistulis,

Quint. 9, 4, 19; 9, 4, 20; 9, 4, 69; 9, 4, 77.—

More freq.: verba soluta, oratio soluta, prose (opp. to verse);

in full: scribere conabar verba soluta modis, Ov Tr. 4, 10, 24: quod (Isocrates) verbis solutis numeros primus adjunxerit,

Cic. Or. 52, 174:

mollis est enim oratio philosophorum... nec vincta numeris, sed soluta liberius,

id. ib. 19, 64; 71, 234;

68, 228: si omnes soluta oratione scripserunt,

Varr. R. R. 4, 1; de heisce rebus treis libros ad te mittere institui;

de oratione soluta duos, de poetica unum,

id. L. L. 6, 11 fin.:

ut in soluta oratione, sic in poemateis,

id. ib. 7, 1:

primus (Isocrates) intellexit. etiam in soluta oratione, dum versum effugeres modum et numerum quemdam debere servari,

Cic. Brut. 8, 32:

Aristoteles judicat heroum numerum grandiorem quam desideret soluta oratio,

id. Or. 57, 192:

et creticus et paeon quam commodissume putatur in solutam orationem illigari,

id. ib. 64, 215:

a modis quibusdam, cantu remoto, soluta esse videatur oratio,

id. ib. 55, 183; 55, 184; id. de Or. 3, 48, 184: historia est quodammodo carmen solutum, Quint. 10, 1, 31.—

Also in reference to a prose rhythm, loose, unrhythmical, inharmonious:

ut verba neque inligata sint, quasi... versus, neque ita soluta ut vagentur,

Cic. de Or. 3, 44, 176; 3, 48, 186:

nec vero haec (Callidii verba) soluta nec diffluentia, sed astricta numeris,

id. Brut. 79, 274:

orator sic illigat sententiam verbis ut eam numero quodam complectatur et astricto et soluto,

id. de Or. 3, 44, 175; but: verba soluta suis figuris, words freed from their proper meaning, i.e. metaphors, Manil. 1, 24.—

Rarely with reference to the thought: soluta oratio, a fragmentary, disconnected style:

soluta oratio, et e singulis non membris, sed frustis, collata, structura caret,

Quint. 8, 5, 27; cf. id. 9, 4, 69:

solutiora componere,

id. 10, 4, 1; 9, 4, 15.—

Effeminate, luxurious (acc. to I. B. 3.):

sinum togae in dextrum umerum reicere, solutum ac delicatum est,

Quint. 11, 3, 146.—

Undisciplined, disorderly:

omnia soluta apud hostes esse,

Liv. 8, 30, 3:

nihil temeritate solutum,

Tac. A. 13, 40:

apud Achaeos neglecta omnia ac soluta fuere,

Just. 34, 2, 2.—

Lax, remiss, weak:

mea lenitas adhuc si cui solutior visa erat,

Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

Ciceronem male audivisse, tamquam solutum et enervem,

Tac. Or. 18:

soluti ac fluentes,

Quint. 1, 2, 8.—Hence:

solutum genus orationis,

a lifeless, dull style, Val. Max. 8, 10, 3:

quanto longius abscederent, eo solutiore cura,

laxer attention, Liv. 3, 8, 8.—

(Acc. to II. B. 3. e supra.) Paid, discharged, only as subst.: sŏlūtum, i, n., that which is paid, a discharged debt, in certain phrases:

aliquid in solutum dare,

to give something in payment, Dig. 46, 3, 45; 46, 3, 46; 46, 3, 60: in solutum accipere, to accept in payment:

qui voluntatem bonam in solutum accipit,

Sen. Ben. 7, 16, 4:

qui rem in solutum accipit,

Dig. 42, 4, 15; 12, 1, 19;

in solutum imputare,

to charge as payment, Sen. Ep. 8, 10; aliquid pro soluto est, is considered as paid or cancelled:

pro soluto id in quo creditor accipiendo moram fecit, oportet esse,

Dig. 46, 3, 72: pro soluto usucapere, to acquire by prescription something given in payment by the debtor, but not belonging to him:

pro soluto usucapit qui rem debiti causa recepit,

Dig. 41, 3, 46.— Adv.: sŏlūtē.

Thinly:

corpora diffusa solute,

Lucr. 4, 53.—

Of speech, fluently:

non refert videre quid dicendum est, nisi id queas solute ac suaviter dicere,

Cic. Brut. 29, 110:

ita facile soluteque volvebat sententias,

id. ib. 81, 280:

quid ipse compositus alias, et velut eluctantium verborum, solutius promptiusque eloquebatur,

Tac. A. 4, 31.—

Irregularly, loosely:

a fabris neglegentius solutiusque composita,

Sen. Q. N. 6, 30, 4.—

Freely, without restraint:

generaliter puto judicem justum... solutius aequitatem sequi,

i. e. without strictly regarding the letter of the law, Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—

Of style, without connection, loosely:

enuntiare,

Quint. 11, 2, 47.—

Of manners and discipline, disorderly, negligently:

praecipue sub imperio Cn. Manlii solute ac neglegenter habiti sunt (exercitus),

Liv. 39, 1, 4:

in stationibus solute ac neglegenter agentes,

id. 23, 37, 6.—

Weakly, tamely, without vigor:

quod ille tam solute egisset, tam leniter, tam oscitanter,

Cic. Brut. 80, 277.—

Of morals, loosely, without restraint:

ventitabat illuc Nero, quo solutius urbem extra lasciviret,

Tac. A. 13, 47.

solvo, solvi, solutum, 3, v. a. ( perf. soluit, trisyll., Cat. 2, 13:

soluisse,

Tib. 4, 5, 16) [for se-luo; cf. socors for se-cords], to loosen an object from any thing, to release or to loose, remove any thing which binds or restrains another.

To loose an object bound, to release, set free, disengage, dissolve, take apart.

In a corporeal sense.

Outwardly, to release.

From fetters or custody, to free, set free, release; absol.:

solvite istas,

i. e. from fetters, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 64:

solvite istum,

id. Mil. 5, 32:

numquam, nisi me orassis, solves,

id. Ep. 5, 2, 62:

jube solvi (eum),

Ter. And. 5, 4, 52:

ad palum adligati repente soluti sunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 5, § 11:

ut vincti solvantur,

id. ib. 2, 5, 6, §

12: qui in compedibus corporis semper fuerunt, etiam cum soluti sunt, tardius ingrediuntur,

id. Tusc. 1, 31, 75:

ita nexi soluti (sunt),

Liv. 8, 28, 9:

solvite me, pueri,

Verg. E. 6, 24:

fore ut brevi solveretur,

Suet. Vesp. 5; id. Tib. 65; id. Vit. 12.—With abl.:

canis solutus catena,

Phaedr. 3, 7, 20. — Transf., from the fetter of frost:

solutis amnibus (i. e. frigoris vinculo),

Stat. Th. 5, 15:

terrae quem (florem) ferunt solutae,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 10.—

From reins, ties, bands, etc.: solve senescentem equum, from the rein, i. e. dismiss him from service, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 8:

solverat sol equos,

unhitched, Stat. Th. 3, 407: currum solvere (i. e. ab equis, poet. for equos a curru), Sen. Thyest. 794: solvere epistulam, i. e. from the string by which it was tied (= to open), Nep. Hann. 11, 3:

et tibi sollicita solvitur illa (epistula) manu,

Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 2:

et jacet in gremio charta soluta meo,

id. H. 11, 4:

praecepit suis ne sarcinas solverent, aut onera deponerent,

Front. Strat. 1, 5, 3.—So of garments and sails, to unfurl, unfold: cum tunica soluta inambularet, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32, 3; Front. Strat. 4, 1, 26:

soluta toga,

Quint. 11, 3, 147:

vela solvere,

Verg. A. 4, 574.—

From any fastening (mostly poet. and post-Aug. prose), to detach from; constr. absol., or with ab or de, and abl.:

Caucasia solvet de rupe Promethei bracchia,

Prop. 2, 1, 69:

fraxinus solvitur,

from the ground, Stat. Th. 9, 498:

ceciditque soluta pinus,

id. ib. 9, 409; cf.:

pinus radice soluta, deficit,

id. S. 5, 1, 152:

solutis radicibus arbusta procumbunt,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 27, 5:

accepi epistulam quam, ut scribis, ancora soluta de phaselo dedisti, i. e. a litore,

detached, Cic. Att. 1, 13, 1 B. and K. (al. sublata;

but soluta is perh. an error of Cic. in the use of a technical term, v Orell. ad loc.).—In the same sense: solvere retinacula classis,

Ov. M. 15, 696; 8, 102:

querno solvunt de stipite funem,

id. F. 4, 333:

fune soluto Currit in immensum carina,

id. Am. 2, 11, 23:

curvo solves viscera cultro (i. e. de corpore ferarum),

Sen. Hippol. 53.—Of rain disengaged from the clouds:

imber caelesti nube solutus,

Ov. A. A. 2, 237: (Lunam) imperfecta vi solvere tantum umorem, disengage only the moisture, i. e. from the earth:

cum solis radii absumant,

Plin. 2, 9, 6, § 45:

solutum a latere pugionem,

detached from his side, Suet. Vit. 15.—

Esp., of ships: navem solvere, to free a ship from the land, i. e. to set sail, weigh anchor, leave land, depart.