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101 ἐγκαταλείπω
ἐγκαταλείπω impf. ἐγκατέλειπον; fut. ἐγκαταλείψω; 1 aor. 3 pl. ἐγκατέλειψαν (TestJob 43:10); 2 aor. ἐγκατέλιπον, subj. ἐγκαταλίπω; perf. ἐγκαταλέλοιπα LXX. Pass.: 1 fut. ἐγκαταλειφθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐγκατελείφθην; perf. 3 sg. ἐγκαταλέλειπται Ps 9:35, ptc. ἐγκαταλελειμμένος LXX, inf. ἐγκαταλελεῖφθαι (s. prec. entry; Hes., Hdt.+)① to cause someth. to remain or to exist after a point in time, leave of posterity Ro 9:29 (Is 1:9.—Cp. Lucian, Dial. Deor. 25, 1 εἰ μὴ ἐγὼ …, οὐδὲ λείψανον ἀνθρώπων ἐπέμεινεν ἄν).② to separate connection with someone or someth., forsake, abandon, desert (Socrat., Ep. 14, 10 [Malherbe p. 258] of soul and body; SIG 364, 88; 97; 495, 135 [III B.C.]; UPZ 71, 8 [152 B.C.]; POxy 281, 21; PTebt 27, 16; LXX; TestJos 2:4) τινά someone (X., Cyr. 8, 8, 4; Polyb. 3, 40, 7; Diod S 11, 68, 3; 18, 7, 6; Appian, Mithrid. 105 §493 desert one who is in danger; Jos, Vi. 205) 2 Ti 4:10, 16. Of feeling or being forsaken by God (TestJos 2:4) Mt 27:46; Mk 15:34 (both Ps 21:2; cp. Billerb. II 574–80; Dalman, Jesus [tr. 204–7]; WHasenzahl, D. Gottverlassenh. des Christus … u. d. christolog. Verständnis des griech. Psalters ’37; FDanker, ZNW 61, ’70, 48–69 [lit.]); 2 Cor 4:9; Hb 13:5 (Josh 1:5; Dt 31:6, 8; 1 Ch 28:20); B 4:14; Hm 9:2 (as Dt 31:6, 8); Hs 2:9; 1 Cl 11:1; abandon the fountain of life B 11:2 (Jer 2:13); God’s commandments D 4:13; B 19:2; ἐ. τὴν ἀγάπην forsake love 1 Cl 33:1 (Dio Chrys. 57 [74], 8 τ. φιλίαν; Jos., Ant. 2, 40 τ. ἀρετήν).— Cease assembling Hb 10:25 (do or carry on someth. in a negligent manner, be remiss is also prob.: Diod S 15, 9, 1 τὴν πολιορκίαν; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 72, 8ff μηδένα δὲ τῶν ἱερέων ἢ ἱερωμένων ἐνκαταλελοιπέναι τὰς θρησκείας).— Leave (Menand., Epitr. 550 τούτοις μή μʼ ἐγκαταλίπῃς), allow to remain (cp. Demosth. 57, 58) τὴν ψυχὴν εἰς ᾅδην the soul in Hades Ac 2:27 (Ps 15:10), 31 (for ἐ. τινὰ εἰς cp. PsSol 2:7).—DELG s.v. λείπω. M-M. Spicq. -
102 ἐλαία
ἐλαία, ας, ἡ① tree that produces olives, olive tree (Hom.+) Ro 11:17, 24 (a variety of Olea Europaea, Zohary 56f; on the imagery s. Straub 74f); pl. Rv 11:4 (cp. Zech 4:3, 11). τὸ ὄρος τῶν ἐλαιῶν (Zech 14:4; ParJer 9:20; cp. Jos., Bell. 2, 262, Ant. 20, 169; Just., D. 103, 1; 2; 7 [Mt 26:30 par.]) the Mount of Olives, a hill east of Jerusalem and known for its olive trees (Dalman, Orte3 277ff [Eng. tr. 320–27]) Mt 21:1; 24:3; 26:30; Mk 11:1; 13:3; 14:26; Lk 19:37; 22:39; J 8:1. For Lk 19:29; 21:37 s. ἐλαιών.② fruit of the olive tree, olive (Aristoph., Pla.+; Diosc.; Plut.; PHib 49, 8 [257 B.C.]; PFay 130, 16; POxy 1494, 16) Js 3:12.—Lit., s. ἀγριέλαιος.—B. 380. OEANE IV 179–84. DELG and Frisk. M-M. -
103 Ἐλύμας
Ἐλύμας, α, ὁ Elymas (PKatz recommends Ἐλυμᾶς. In Diod S [20, 17, 1; 18, 3] as name of a Libyan king Αἰλύμας) a magician of Cyprus Ac 13:8, who was also called Barjesus acc. to vs. 6. Ac obviously considers the two names to be linguistically equiv. to each other; it is hardly correct to assume, w. some, that vs. 8 means to say that the word Elymas=μάγος (but s. Haenchen, Acts, ad loc.). Wendt, e.g., holds that the Arab. verb ˓alima=recognize, gain insight into someth., whence ˓alîm=magician, one who tries to see into the future. Dalman (Gramm.2 162) finds in Ἐ. Ἐλυμαῖος=Ἐλαμίτης; Grimme interprets it as ‘astrologer’, Burkitt as ὁ λοιμός pestilence (s. λοιμός II, 2), Harris, Zahn, Clemen and Wlh. prefer the rdg. Ἕτοιμας, from D, and identify the magician w. the sorcerer Ἄτομος in Jos., Ant. 20, 142. See RHarris, Exp. 1902, I 189ff; FBurkitt, JTS 4, 1903, 127ff; CClemen, Paulus 1904, I 222f; TZahn, NKZ 15, 1904, 195ff, D. Urausgabe der AG des Luk. 1916, 149f; 350ff; HGrimme, OLZ 12, 1909, 207ff; Wlh., Kritische Analyse der AG 1914, 24.—M-M. -
104 ἐλωί̈
ἐλωί̈ (אֱלָהִי; Ἐλωί̈ TestSol 6:8) Aram. for ἠλί, ἡλ(ε)ί my God Mt 27:46 v.l.; Mk 15:34. Cp. EKautzsch, Gramm. d. Bibl.-Aram. 1884, 11; Wlh. on Mk; Dalman, Jesus 184–87; FDanker, ZNW 61, ’70, 52f (lit.). BHHW I, 395f.—M-M. -
105 Ἐμμαοῦς
Ἐμμαοῦς, ἡ (Ἐμμαούς oth. edd.) Emmaus, a village (κώμη) in Judea 60 stades (c. 11.5 km.) fr. Jerusalem Lk 24:13. The site cannot be determined w. certainty. Three are proposed: 1. The old Emmaus of Maccabaean times, not infreq. mentioned by Joseph. (Niese edition, index), later Nicopolis, and now ˓Amwâs; so Eusebius-Jerome, Onomastikon p. 90 Kl.; JBoehmer (Studierstube 6, 1908, 285–89; ET 20, 1909, 186–89; 429); Dalman (Orte3 240–49=Engl. tr. 226–32); LPirot (Dict. de la Bible, Suppl. II ’34, 1049–63); EBishop, ET 55, ’43/44, 152f, et al.; CKopp, The Holy Places of the Gospels, tr. RWalls, ’63, 396–400. It is located rather far fr. Jerusalem for the 60 stades of vs. 13; but F-MAbel (RB 34, 1925, 347–67) prefers to take the v.l. 160 stades as the original (but s. Metzger 184).—2. Since the middle ages some have thought of present-day el-Kubêbe (65 stades fr. Jerusalem; Baedeker, Plummer, Zahn et al., later PViaud, Qoubeibeh Emm. évangélique 1930 [against this HVincent, RB 40, ’31, 57–91]; AdeGuglielmo, CBQ 3, ’41, 293–301).—3. The military colony of Vespasian, about 34 stades west of Jerusalem, called Ἀμμαοῦς in Jos. (Bell. 7, 217, where a v.l. has ἑξήκοντα for τριάκοντα: an assimilation to Lk 24:13?) and presumably identical w. present-day Kaloniye (Buhl 166; 186; Schürer I 512–13, details n. 142; Wlh. et al.). S. also M-JLagrange, Luc 1921, 617ff; HVincent and F-MAbel, Emmaüs, sa Basilique et son Histoire ’32; Geographie II,3 ’67, 314–16; BHHW I 404.—JWanke, Die Emmauserzählung ’73 (lit.). OEANE II 240f. -
106 ἐξέρχομαι
ἐξέρχομαι fut. ἐξελεύσομαι (this fut. form M. Ant. 10, 36); 2 aor. ἐξῆλθον (but ἐξῆλθα [as e.g. 2 Km 11:23] J 21:3 D; Ac 16:40; 2 Cor 6:17 [Is 52:11]; 1J 2:19; 3J 7 v.l.; Rv 18:4.—For ἐξήλθοσαν s. Josh 8:19; 1 Ch 2, 53; Jdth 10:6; Mk 8:11 D, cp. schol. on Lycophron vs. 252 ἤλθοσαν); pf. ἐξελήλυθα (s. ἔρχομαι; Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; pseudepigr.; Jos., Bell. 2, 480; Just.; Ar. [JTS 25, 1924, 76 ln. 41]).ⓐ of animate entities go out, come out, go away, retireα. of humansא. freq. w. indication of the place from which, with or without mention of destination ἔκ τινος (Hdt. 8, 75, 1; 9, 12) ἐκ τ. μνημείων Mt 8:28; 27:53. ἐκ γῆς Χαλδαίων Ac 7:4; cp. Mk 7:31; J 4:30 (ἐκ τ. πόλεως as X., Hell. 6, 5, 16); Ac 22:18; Hb 3:16; 1 Cl 10:2. ἐκ τοῦ πλοίου get out Mk 5:2; cp. Rv 14:15, 17f. ἐκ τοῦ σταδίου AcPl Ha 5, 14 (Just., A I, 45, 5 ἀπὸ Ἰ.).—ἀπό τινος (Ps.-Heraclitus, Ep. 5, 3 [=Malherbe p. 196]; Aesop, Fab. 141 P. [248b H.; 202 Ch.; 146a H-H.]; POxy 472, 1; 528, 7; LXX; JosAs 23:16 ἀπʼ αὐτου; Jos., Ant. 12, 407 ἀ. τ. Ἱερος.; Just., A I, 60, 2 ἀπὸ Αἰγύπτου, D. 91, 3 al.) ἀπὸ Βηθανίας Mk 11:12; cp. Lk 17:29; Phil 4:15. ἀπὸ τ. πόλεως Lk 9:5; cp. Mt 24:1; Ac 16:40. ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ leave me Lk 5:8; ἐξ. ἀπὸ τ. ἀνδρός leave her husband Mk 10:12 D.—ἔξω τινός Mt 10:14 (cp. Jdth 14:2); foll. by εἰς w. acc. of place Mt 21:17; Mk 14:68; foll. by παρά w. acc. of place Ac 16:13; foll. by πρός w. acc. of pers. Hb 13:13.—W. εἰς alone ἐξελεύσονται εἰς τὸ σκότος they will have to go out into the darkness Mt 8:12 v.l.—W. gen. alone (Hom. et al.; Longus 4, 23, 2; POxy 942, 4) τ. οἱκίας Mt 13:1 (vv.ll. ἐκ and ἀπό).—ἐκεῖθεν 15:21; Mk 6:1, 10; Lk 9:4; 11:53; J 4:43. οὐ μὴ ἐξέλθῃς ἐκεῖθεν you will never be released from there Mt 5:26; Lk 12:59; D 1:5. ὅθεν ἐξῆλθον Mt 12:44; Lk 11:24b.—εἰσέρχεσθαι καὶ ἐ. J 10:9; Ac 1:21.—Cp. Ac 15:24.ב. Somet. the place fr. which is not expressly named, but can be supplied fr. the context go away fr. region or house, get out (of), disembark (fr.) a ship, etc. Mt 9:31f; 12:14; 14:14; 18:28; Mk 1:35, 45; Lk 4:42; 5:27; J 8:9; 11:31, 44; 13:30f; 18:1, 4; Ac 12:9f, 17; 16:3 (go out); Hb 11:8; D 11:6; AcPl Ha 3, 26; 7, 36; AcPl Ant 13, 2 (=Aa I 236, 6). ἐ. ἔξω (cp. Gen 39:12ff) Mt 26:75; Lk 22:62; J 19:4f; Rv 3:12. Sim. to leave a place and make an appearance at another: appear (Aristoph., Av. 512, Ach. 240) ἐξῆλθον οἱ Φ. the Pharisees appeared Mk 8:11 (so LKoehler, TZ 3, ’47, 471; also KSchmidt and ADebrunner, ibid. 471–73).ג. indication of goal (get up and) go out, get ready of a servant, to fulfill a mission (Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 89, 36) οἱ ἄγγελοι Mt 13:49. Freq. w. εἴς τι (X., Hell. 7, 4, 24 al.) εἰς τὰς ὁδούς into the streets Mt 22:10. εἰς τὸν πυλῶνα 26:71; cp. Mk 14:68. εἰς τὴν ἔρημον Mt 11:7. εἰς τὸ ὄρος τῶν ἐλαιῶν to the Mount of Olives 26:30; Mk 14:26. εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν J 1:43. εἰς Μακεδονίαν Ac 16:10; 2 Cor 2:13. εἰς τὸν λεγόμενον κρανίου τόπον J 19:17. εἰς τὸν κόσμον 1J 4:1; 2J 7 (Just., A I, 39, 3; cp. D 53, 3 εἰς τὴν οἰκουμένην). εἰς ὑπάντησίν τινι to meet someone (Jdth 2:6 v.l. w. gen.; cp. ἐ. εἰς ἀπάντησίν τινι 1 Esdr 1:23; 1 Macc 12:41; TestJob 9:7; or εἰς συνάντησίν τινι Tob 11:16 BA; Jdth 2:6; 1 Macc 3:11, 16; 10:2, 86; JosAs 5:3 [cod. B]; 25:8) Mt 8:34; J 12:13; also εἰς ὑπάντησίν τινος (cp. εἰς ἀπάντησίν τινος 2 Ch 19:2; Tob 11:16 S; 1 Macc 12:41 v.l. [ed. WKappler ’36]; εἰς συνάντησίν τινος 3:11 v.l. [ed. Kappler]) Mt 25:1 (EPeterson, ZST 7, 1930, 682–702); also ἀπάντησιν αὐτου 25:6; cp. Ac 28:15 v.l. πρός τινα (cp. 1 Macc 9:29; Tob 11:10 BA) to someone J 18:29, 38; 2 Cor 8:17. ἐπί τινα go out against someone (PTebt 283, 9 [I B.C.] ἐξελήλυθεν ἐπὶ τ. μητέρα μου; Jdth 2:7) Mt 26:55; Mk 14:48. ἐπί τ. γῆν step out on the land Lk 8:27.ד. w. purpose expressed by the inf. Mt 11:8; 20:1; Mk 3:21; 4:3; Lk 7:25f; 8:35; Ac 20:1; Rv 20:8; GJs 11:1; 18:1; w. gen. of the inf. τοῦ σπείρειν to sow Mt 13:3; Lk 8:5; by the ptc. Rv 6:2; 1 Cl 42:3; w. ἵνα Rv 6:2.β. of transcendent beingsא. in Johannine usage of Jesus, who comes forth from the Father: ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐξῆλθον J 8:42. ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἐξῆλθεν καὶ πρὸς τὸν θεὸν ὑπάγει 13:3. παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐξῆλθον 16:27; cp. 17:8 (for ἐξ. παρά τινος cp. Num 16:35). ἐξῆλθον παρὰ (v.l. ἐκ) τοῦ πατρός 16:28. ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἐξῆλθες vs. 30.ב. of spirits that come or go out of persons (Damasc., Vi. Isid. 56 οὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸ δαιμόνιον τῆς γυναικὸς ἐξελθεῖν; PGM 4, 1243f ἔξελθε, δαῖμον, … καὶ ἀπόστηθι ἀπὸ τοῦ δεῖνα) ἔκ τινος Mk 1:25f; 5:8; 7:29; 9:25; Lk 4:35 twice as v.l.; ἀπό τινος (cp. En 22:7 τὸ πνεῦμα … τὸ ἐξελθὸν ἀπὸ Ἄβελ) Mt 12:43; 17:18; Lk 4:35 twice, 41; 8:29, 33, 35, 38; 11:24; Ac 16:18. Abs. Mk 5:13; 7:30; 9:26, 29; Lk 4:36; Ac 8:7 (text prob. damaged or perh. anacoluthon).γ. an animal: a snake come out Ac 28:3.ⓑ of inanimate entities go out.α. of liquid come out, flow out (Judg 15:19; ViIs, ViEzk, ViHab, ViJer, et al. 3 [p. 69, 7 Sch.]) J 19:34; Rv 14:20; AcPl Ha 11, 2 (s. γάλα a).β. of noise, a message, etc.: a voice rings out Rv 16:17; 19:5 (SyrBar 13:1). The sound of proclamation goes out (cp. Mi 4:2) Ro 10:18 (Ps 18:5); also rumors and reports Mt 9:26; Lk 4:14; 7:17; Mk 1:28; J 21:23; ἡ πίστις τινός the news of someone’s faith 1 Th 1:8; cp. B 11:8; 19:4. A decree goes out (Da 2:13 Theod.) Lk 2:1. ἀφʼ ὑμῶν ὁ λόγος τ. θεοῦ ἐξῆλθεν; did the word of God (Christian proclamation) originate fr. you? 1 Cor 14:36.γ. with the source or place of origin given, of lightning ἐ. ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν goes out fr. the east Mt 24:27. Of words ἐκ τοῦ αὐτοῦ στόματος ἐ. εὐλογία καὶ κατάρα fr. the same mouth come blessing and cursing Js 3:10. ἐκ τῆς καρδίας ἐ. διαλογισμοὶ πονηροί evil thoughts come Mt 15:19; cp. vs. 18. Of a sword ἐ. ἐκ τ. στόματος came out of the mouth Rv 19:21.δ. of time or a condition be gone, disappear (Hippocr. of diseases; X., An. 7, 5, 4 of time; Gen 47:18) ἐξῆλθεν ἡ ἐλπὶς τ. ἐργασίας αὐτῶν their hope of gain was gone Ac 16:19; cp. Mk 5:30.② to depart in death, die ἐ. ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου leave the world as a euphemism for die (so as a Jewish expr. אֲזַל מִן עָלְמָא Targ. Koh. 1:8; TestAbr A 1 p. 78, 8: Stone p. 4 [τὸν κόσμον B 4 p. 109, 6: Stone p. 66]; ParJer 4:10; s. Dalman, Worte 141. S. also HKoch, ZNW 21, 1922, 137f.—The Greeks say ἐξέρχ. τοῦ σώματος: Iambl., Myst. in Stob. 1, 49, 67 p. 457, 9; Sallust. 19, 2 p. 34, 20; also TestAbr B 7 p. 112, 7 [Stone p. 72] and ParJer 6:20 ἐκ τοῦ σώματος; or τοῦ βίου: Himerius, Or. [Ecl.] 2, 14; TestAbr B 1 p. 105, 4 [Stone p. 58]; abs. Ar. [Milne, 76, 41]) 1 Cor 5:10; 2 Cl 5:1; 8:3; AcPl Ha 6, 32. Also ἀπὸ τ. κ. ApcPt 2:5.③ to come fr. by way of ancestry, go out, proceed ἐκ τῆς ὀσφύος τινός fr. someone’s loins = be descended fr. him (Gen 35:11; 2 Ch 6:9) Hb 7:5. W. gen. of source Mt 2:6 (Mi 5:1).④ to discontinue an association, depart ἐξέλθατε ἐκ μέσου αὐτῶν come away from among them 2 Cor 6:17 (Is 52:11). Leave a congregation 1J 2:19.⑤ to get away fr. or out of a difficult situation, escape, ἐξῆλθεν ἐκ τ. χειρὸς αὐτῶν he escaped fr. them J 10:39.—M-M. EDNT. TW. -
107 ἐσθίω
ἐσθίω (Hom.+) and, mainly in the ptc., ἔσθω (Hom., also in other poets, rare in prose [Plut., Mor. p. 101d]; Coan ins, III B.C.: RHerzog, ARW 10, 1907, 400ff; 23; 27; 42; POslo 153, 15 [beg. II A.D.]; PGiss 80, 5; ostraca [BGU 1507, 14; 1508, 3; 4: III B.C.]; LXX; En 98:11 [?]. ἔσθων Lev 17:14; 1 Km 14:30; Sir 20:17; Mk 1:6; Lk 7:33f, 10:7 [the three last v.l.]; μὴ ἔσθετε Lev 19:26. ὅταν ἔσθητε Num 15:19. ἵνα ἔσθητε Lk 22:30. B-D-F §101; W-S. §15; Mlt-H. 238; Schwyzer, I 704 n. 1). Impf. ἤσθιον; fut. ἔδομαι LXX (Mel, P. 12, 80; 13, 83; 93, 697; 1 Cl 39:9; 57:6); 2 aor. ἔφαγον, w. extension of 1 aor. endings (B-D-F §84, 2; Rob. 333; cp. Schwyzer I 753f): 3 pl. ἐφάγοσαν Ps 77:29, 1 pl. ἐφάγαμεν 2 Km 19:43; fut. φάγομαι (B-D-F §74, 2; Mlt-H. 238), 2 sing. φάγεσαι Lk 17:8; Ruth 2:14 (W-S. §13, 6 and 17; B-D-F §87; Mlt-H. 198); pf. pass. ptc. acc. ἐδηδεμένους (Ath., R. 52, 20); pres. 3 sg. ἔσθεται Lev 11:34; Dt 12:22.① to take someth. in through the mouth, usually solids, but also liquids, eat.ⓐ w. acc. of thing (Hom. et al.) τί φάγωσιν (after neg.) anything to eat Mt 15:32; Mk 6:36; 8:1f; cp. Mt 6:25, 31; Lk 12:22 (s. Epict. 1, 9, 8; 19). τοὺς ἄρτους τῆς προθέσεως the consecrated bread Mt 12:4; Mk 2:26; Lk 6:4. Locusts and wild honey Mk 1:6. Manna (Ps 77:24) J 6:31, 49 (Just., D. 20, 4). Vegetables Ro 14:2b. Meat 14:21; 1 Cor 8:13; GEb 308, 31f; 34f (τὰς σάρκας αὐτῶν ‘one’s own flesh’ 4 [6] Esdr; POxy 1010). τὰ εἰδωλόθυτα 1 Cor 8:10; cp. vs. 7; Rv 2:14, 20 (Just., D. 34, 8; 35, 1). τὰς θυσίας (Sir 45:21; Ps 105:28) 1 Cor 10:18. τὰ ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ food from the temple 9:13. τὴν σάρκα τ. υἱοῦ τ. ἀνθρώπου J 6:53 (which passage many interpret as referring to the Eucharist while others explain it as speaking of receiving Christ spiritually through faith). πάντα all kinds of food Ro 14:2a (μὴ πάντα ἐσθίοντες Just., 20, 3). τὰ παρατιθέμενα the food that is set before (one) Lk 10:8; 1 Cor 10:27. τὸ ἐν μακέλλῳ πωλούμενον 10:25. τὸ βιβλαρίδιον Rv 10:10 (cp. Ezk 2:8; 3:3). τὸ πάσχα the Passover meal, esp. the Passover lamb (2 Esdr 6:21; 2 Ch 30:18; ESchürer, Über φαγεῖν τὸ πάσχα 1883; Dalman, Jesus 81f) Mt 26:17; Mk 14:12, 14; Lk 22:8, 11, 15; J 18:28. κυριακὸν δεῖπνον φαγεῖν 1 Cor 11:20. ἄρτον ἐσθίειν eat a meal, w. bread as its main part (Ex 2:20; 1 Km 20:34; 2 Km 9:7; 3 Km 13:15 al.) Mt 15:2; Mk 3:20; 7:2, 5; Lk 14:1 (s. Billerb. IV 611–39: E. altjüd. Gastmahl); of the end-time banquet Lk 14:15 (cp. ἄρτον ζωῆς JosAs 15:4). τὸν ἑαυτοῦ ἄρτον ἐ. eat one’s own bread 2 Th 3:12. ἄρτον φαγεῖν παρά τινος eat someone’s bread vs. 8. τὰ παρά τινος what someone provides Lk 10:7. Neg. οὐκ ἔφαγεν οὐδέν he ate nothing at all Lk 4:2 (cp. Job 21:25 οὐ φαγὼν οὐδὲν ἀγαθόν; En 15:11 πνεύματα … μηδὲν ἐσθίοντα). Of complete abstinence μὴ ἐσθίων ἄρτον μήτε πίνων οἶνον 7:33. οὔτε ἐπὶ τὸ φαγεῖν οὔτε ἐπὶ τὸ πεῖν AcPl Ox 6, 7=Aa 241, 12f. οὐδέποτε ἔφαγον πᾶν κοινόν I have never eaten anything common at all Ac 10:14 (cp. 1 Macc 1:62; Just., D. 20, 3). Allegorical interpretation of Mosaic laws against eating forbidden foods B 10 (cp. Hierocles 26 p. 480 reinterpretation of the Pythagorean laws against forbidden foods as moral laws).—Of animals (Hom. et al.; Aelian, VH 1, 1; 2, 40; 3 Km 13:28; Is 65:25; Da 4:33 Theod.; GrBar 4:5 [δράκων]; 6:11 [Φοῖνιξ): birds τὰς σάρκας τινός eat someone’s flesh (Gen 40:19) Rv 17:16; 19:18. Swine Lk 15:16 (ὧν here is for ἅ by attraction, not a gen. dependent on ἐ., as it prob. is in X., Hell. 3, 3, 6; Ps.-Lucian, Asin. 21; such a constr. would be unique in our lit.).ⓑ w. prepositions, to denote the thing of which one partakes:α. w. ἀπό τινος (Lev 22:6; Num 15:19; Dt 14:12, 19; Pr 13:2; Da 4:33a; ApcSed 4:5; ApcMos 17 al.) dogs: ἐ. ἀπὸ τῶν ψιχίων eat the crumbs Mt 15:27; Mk 7:28 (on the pl. ἐσθίουσιν after the neut. κυνάρια cp. Lk 11:7; 1 Cl 42:2; B-D-F §133; s. Rob. 403f). ἀπὸ τραπέζης partake of a meal D 11:9. ἀπὸ τῆς εὐχαριστίας 9:5.β. w. ἔκ τινος of/from someth. (Jdth 12:2; Sir 11:19; JosAs 16:7f; ApcMos 16f) ἐκ τοῦ ἄρτου eat (some of) the bread (2 Km 12:3; Tob 1:10; TestJob 7:10 ἐκ τῶν ἄρτων μου) 1 Cor 11:28; cp. J 6:26, 50f. ἐκ τῶν καρπῶν αὐτῶν Hs 9, 1, 10. ἐκ τοῦ γάλακτος τῆ ποίμνη get sustenance fr. the milk of the flock 1 Cor 9:7. ἐκ τ. θυσιαστηρίου Hb 13:10. ἐκ τ. ξύλου τ. ζωῆς from the tree of life Rv 2:7 (s. En 32:6); cp. μηκέτι ἐκ σοῦ μηδεὶς καρπὸν φάγοι (v.l. φάγῃ) Mk 11:14.ⓒ used with other prep. expressions ἐ. μετά τινος eat w. someone (1 Km 9:19; Jdth 12:11; Job 1:4; Ezk 47:22; TestAbr B 4 p. 109, 10 [Stone p. 66]) Mt 9:11; 24:49; Mk 2:16; 14:18 (cp. Ps 40:10); Lk 5:30; 7:36. ἐνώπιόν τινος in someone’s presence (cp. ἐναντίον τ. θεοῦ Ex 18:12; Ezk 44:3) 13:26; 24:43. ἐπὶ τ. τραπέζης τινός at someone’s table (2 Km 9:11; cp. vs. 13; Da 11:27) Lk 22:30. διὰ προσκόμματος ἐ. eat with offense (i.e. so that one takes offense in doing so; perh. also so that one gives offense) Ro 14:20.ⓓ abs. Mt 12:1; 14:20; 26:21, 26; Mk 7:3f; 14:18a, 22; Ac 27:35; D 12:3; B 7:5 al. Used w. λαμβάνειν (Gen 3:22) λάβετε φάγετε Mt 26:26b; οἱ ἐσθίοντες 14:21; 15:38. φάγωμεν κ. πίωμεν let us eat and drink 1 Cor 15:32 (Is 22:13; Ath., R. 72, 11). φάγε, πίε, εὐφραίνου Lk 12:19 (Aristobulus of Cass. [III B.C.]: 139 Fgm. 9 Jac. [cited in Strabo 14, 5, 9], statue of Sardanapalus w. the ins ἔσθιε, πῖνε, παῖζε• ὡς τἆλλα τούτου οὐκ ἄξια=‘Eat, drink, have fun. There’s nothing like it.’ This saying of Sardanapalus is also found in Arrian, Anab. 2, 5, 4. A similar thought in the Phrygian grave-ins: IGal 78, 11ff). τὸ φαγεῖν eating Mt 15:20; 1 Cor 11:21. διδόναι τινὶ φαγεῖν give someone someth. to eat (Ex 16:8, 15; Num 11:18, 21) Mt 14:16; 25:35, 42; Mk 5:43; 6:37; Lk 8:55; 9:13; J 6:52; Rv 2:7. φέρειν τινὶ φαγεῖν (cp. 2 Km 17:29) J 4:33. εὐκαιρέω φαγεῖν I find time to eat Mk 6:31. ἔχω βρῶσιν φαγεῖν I have food to eat J 4:32.—With the principle stated in 2 Th 3:10 cp. Lucian, Par. 13: when a pupil progresses well δότε αὐτῷ φαγεῖν; when he does not, μὴ δῶτε.ⓔ ἐ. and πίνω are freq. found together, as in some pass. already quoted (Hom. et al.; very oft. LXX; En 102:9; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010]; TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 16 [Stone p. 10]; B 5 p. 109, 16 [Stone p. 66]; JosAs 9:3 al.; Philo, Det. Pot. ins 113; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 234).α. = receive support 1 Cor 9:4.β. = eat a meal Lk 5:30; 17:8; 1 Cor 11:22; AcPl Ox 6, 7. Of a festive sacrificial meal 1 Cor 10:7 (Ex 32:6).γ. in contrast to fasting—the latter expressed by ἐ. and πίνω w. a neg. (Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 28, 141 οὔτε πίνων οὔτε ἐσθίων) Mt 11:18; Lk 4:2 v.l.; 7:33; Ac 9:9; 23:12, 21—Mt 11:19; Lk 5:33; 7:34; B 7:5.δ. of ordinary daily activities Lk 17:27f.ε. of carefree, even luxurious or dissipated living Mt 24:49; Lk 12:19, 45; 1 Cor 15:32 (cp. Is 22:13).—HRiesenfeld, ConNeot 9, ’44, 10f.② to do away with completely, fig. extension of mng. 1 (Hom. et al.; LXX) consume, devour (of fire Il. 23, 182; Is 10:17; 26:11) πυρὸς ἐσθίειν μέλλοντος τ. ὑπεναντίους fire, which is about to consume the adversaries Hb 10:27 (Is 26:11). ὁ ἰὸς … φάγεται τ. σάρκας ὑμῶν ὡς πῦρ the rust will eat your flesh like fire Js 5:3 (cp. Aeschyl., Fgm. 253 φαγέδαινα [an ulcer] σάρκας ἐσθίει ποδός; Is 30:27 ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ θυμοῦ ὡς πῦρ ἔδεται). B. 327.—DELG s.v. ἔδω. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
108 Ἑβραί̈ς
Ἑβραί̈ς, ί̈δος, ἡ (ἑβρ-S., M.; Ἐβρ-W-H.—Fem. of Ἑβραῖος, Jos., Ant. 2, 225f and of Ἑβραϊκός, Kühner-Bl. II 274, 1) ἡ Ἑ. διάλεκτος (cp. Ἑ. φωνή 4 Macc 12:7; 16:15; Just., A I, 31, 1 and 3 al.) the Hebr. language Ac 21:40; 22:2; 26:14; Papias (2:16). These pass. refer to the Aramaic spoken at that time in Palestine.—Zahn. Einl.3 I 18f; Dalman, Jesus 6ff (Eng. 7ff). But PNepper-Christensen, Das Matthäusevangelium ’58, 101–35 and JGrintz, JBL 79, ’60, 32–47 hold that some form of Hebrew was commonly spoken.—TW. -
109 ἔλαιον
ἔλαιον, ου, τό (Hom.+)① oil extracted from the fruit of the olive tree, olive oilⓐ the general term: Lk 16:6; w. wine and flour (cp. Dt 7:13; 11:14; 28:51; 2 Ch 31:5; Ezk 16:19 al.) Rv 18:13; w. wine Hm 11:15; D 13:6.—For illumination: in lamps (Philo, Aet. M. 91) Mt 25:3f, 8.—For treating of wounds (Is 1:6) Lk 10:34 (used w. wine, as e.g. Theophr., HP 9, 12 ἐν οἴνῳ καὶ ἐλαίῳ; Hobart 28f) and otherw. for healing Mk 6:13; Js 5:14 (on kind of oil New Docs 4, 248; s. on ἀλείφω 1 and cp. SIG 1170, 27.—Artem. 4, 82 a seemingly dead man is brought back to life by being anointed with warm oil).ⓑ esp. used for anointing (Posidon.: 87 Fgm. 10 Jac.; Jos., Bell. 5, 565) Lk 7:46 (cp. 4 Km 9:6; Ps 22:5). Fig. ἔχρισέν σε ὁ θεὸς ἔ. ἀγαλλιάσεως God anointed you w. the oil of gladness Hb 1:9 (Ps 44:8). ἔ. ἁμαρτωλῶν oil of sinners 1 Cl 56:5 (Ps 140:5).② the effect for the cause: olive orchard τὸ ἔ. καὶ τὸν οἶνον μὴ ἀδικήσῃς do not harm the olive orchard and the vineyard Rv 6:6 (s. SReinach, RevArch 3d s. 39, 1901, 350–74; JMoffatt, Exp. 7th ser. 6, 1908, 359–69; SKrauss, ZNW 10, 1909, 81–89; AvHarnack, Erforschtes u. Erlebtes 1924, 53ff).—Dalman, Arbeit, under ἄρτος 1a. BHHW II 1336–39.—B. 380. Frisk. M-M. TW. -
110 ἔμπροσθεν
ἔμπροσθεν (also ἐνπ-; Hdt.+; also in OT quotes w. and against LXX; Mel., P. 61, 444 [ἀπέναντι Dt 28:66]) ἔμπροσθε (SIG 371, 13 [289/288 B.C.]; 915, 27) ApcPt 3:6; orig. adv. of place, then used as prep. (B-D-F §104, 2; 214, 1; 6; Mlt-H. 329).① pert. to a position in front of an objectⓐ gener. adv. as marker of something that is relatively removed in distance in front, ahead (opp. ὄπισθεν, as X., Equ. 1, 3; Polyb. 12, 15, 2; Aelian, VH 12, 21; Palaeph. 29, 2; 2 Ch 13:14; Ezk 2:10) Rv 4:6. As subst.: εἰς τὸ ἔ. toward the front (Diod S 11, 18, 5; 19, 26, 10; 19, 83, 2; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 203) προδραμὼν εἰς τὸ ἔ. he ran ahead Lk 19:4 (where εἰς τὸ ἔ. is pleonast., as Artem. 2, 9 p. 93, 2 προϊέναι εἰς τοὔμπροσθεν; B-D-F §484; Semitism [?]: MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 116); τὰ ἔ. (sc. ὄντα; cp. X., An. 6, 3, 14; 1 Macc 13:27; TestJob 27:1; location in a dialogue Just., D. 126, 6; 140, 4) what lies ahead (as a goal) Phil 3:13.—Forward, ahead πορεύεσθαι ἔ. (X., Cyr. 4, 2, 23) Lk 19:28. αἱ ἔ. ἐκκλησίαι the congregations/churches farther on or principal churches (s. JKleist, tr., ’46, ad loc. w. note) IPol 8:1.ⓑ indicating more immediate presence of the object that is in front, with ἔ. functioning as prep. w. gen. (s. on ἀνά, beg.) in front of, before in a variety of aspectsα. purely local (X., Cyr. 3, 2, 5; Jos., Bell. 6, 366) Hs 9, 2, 7 (opp. ὀπίσω); ἔ. τοῦ ναοῦ before the shrine (Cebes, Tab. 1, 1) 1 Cl 41:2; ἔ. τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου Mt 5:24; ἔ. τοῦ βήματος Ac 18:17; ἔ. τοῦ Ἰησοῦ Lk 5:19; cp. 14:2; ApcPt 3:6; GPt 4:12. γονυπετεῖν ἔ. τινος kneel before someone Mt 27:29; πίπτειν ἔ. τῶν ποδῶν τινος fall at someone’s feet Rv 19:10; 22:8; βάλλειν ἔ. τινος Mt 7:6 (PGM 4, 1229 βάλε ἔ. αὐτοῦ κλῶνας ἐλαίας). μαστιγοῦντες ἑαυτοὺς ἔ. τούτων τῶν εἰδώλων flagellating themselves before these images ApcPt Bodl. (as restored by EWinstedt, s. MJames, JTS 1910, 12, 157).β. of position without ref. to motion toward, before, in the presence of (Gen 45:5) ὁμολογεῖν and ἀρνεῖσθαι Mt 10:32f; 26:70; Lk 12:8; cp. Gal 2:14. Esp. of appearance before a judge Mt 27:11; also before the divine judge 25:32; Lk 21:36; 1 Th 2:19; 3:13; GPt 11:48; cp. 2 Cor 5:10. But the judicial element is not decisive in all the pass. in which pers. stand or come ἔ. τοῦ θεοῦ or ἔ. τ. χυρίου; cp. 1 Th 1:3; 3:9; 1J 3:19.γ. of appearance before a large assemblage to discharge an obligation, before, in the sight of (SIG 1173, 14 [138 A.D.] the man who was healed through the intervention of Asklepios ηὐχαρίστησεν ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ δήμου) Mt 5:16; 6:1; 17:2; 23:13 in the face of; Mk 2:12; 9:2; Lk 19:27; J 12:37; Ac 10:4.δ. as a reverential way of expressing oneself, when one is speaking of an eminent pers., and esp. of God, not to connect the subject directly w. what happens, but to say that it took place ‘before someone’ (s. Dalman, Worte 171–74): ἐπακοῦσαι ἔ. αὐτοῦ ἔθνη that the nations should give heed (or obey) (before) God B 12:11 (Is 45:1). ποιεῖν τὸ πονηρὸν ἔ. τοῦ κυρίου Hm 4, 2, 2 (cp. Judg 2:11; 3:12; 4:1). εὐδοκία ἔ. σου pleasing to you Mt 11:26; Lk 10:21; θέλημα ἔ. τ. πατρὸς ὑμῶν Mt 18:14.ε. before, ahead of, w. motion implied ἔ. τινος (UPZ 78, 15 [159 B.C.] ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν ἐπορευόμην) J 10:4; B 11:4 (Is 45:2); προπορεύεσθαι ἔ. τινος 3:4 (Is 58:8); cp. 4:12; ἀποστέλλεσθαι ἔ. τινος (Gen 24:7; 32:4) J 3:28; σαλπίζειν ἔ. τινος blow a trumpet before someone Mt 6:2; τὴν ὁδὸν κατασκευάζειν ἔ. τινος Mt 11:10; Lk 7:27.ζ. of rank (Pla., Leg. 1, 631d; 5, 743e; 7, 805d; Demosth. 56, 50 εἶναι ἔ. τινος; Gen 48:20) ἔ. τινος γίνεσθαι rank before (i.e. higher than) someone J 1:15, 30 (Plut., Pericl. 158 [11, 1] οἱ ἀριστοκρατικοὶ … Περικλέα … πρόσθεν ὁρῶντες γεγονόντα τῶν πολιτῶν). If ἔ. τινος γ. is to be understood temporally here (as 3 Km 3:12; 16:25, 33; 4 Km 18:5; Eccl 1:16; 2:7, 9; Jos, Ant. 1, 109; cp. Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 12 Jac. ἔτει ἑνὶ ἔμπροσθεν)=‘be earlier than someone’, the foll. ὅτι πρῶτός μου ἦν, which gives the reason for it, would simply be an instance of tautology (but s. OCullmann, ConNeot 11, ’47, 31, who holds that the ὅτι-clause refers to the absolute time of the Prologue while the preceding words merely give the order in which the ministries of John and Jesus began). S. on ὀπίσω 2b.② on the front surface of someth., in front (opp. ὄπισθεν, as cp. Ezk 2:10) Rv 4:6.—DELG s.v. πρόσθε(ν). M-M. -
111 Ἰεριχώ
Ἰεριχώ, ἡ (also Ἱερ-, Ἰερειχώ, Ἱερειχώ) indecl. (יְרִיחוֹ; LXX; Just., D. 111, 4. On the word s. W-S. §10, 1a. Joseph. varies betw. Ἱεριχώ, gen.-οῦς and Ἱεριχοῦς, gen.-οῦντος; s. Niese index. Ἰεριχοῦς, -οῦντος also Galen XI 693 K. and Steph. Byz. s.v., but in Strabo 16, 2, 41 Ἰερικοῦς. On the spelling s. B-D-F §38) Jericho, a city in Judea, not far from the ford across the Jordan just north of the Dead Sea Mt 20:29; Mk 10:46; Lk 18:35; Hb 11:30; 1 Cl 12:2. Since a much-traveled road led to Jerusalem, 150 stades (Jos., Bell. 4, 474) or about 30 km. away, a customs house was located here Lk 19:1. The road fr. Jerusalem to Jericho, which leads through desolate mountainous country (Jos., loc. cit. ἔρημον κ. πετρῶδες), was notoriously unsafe Lk 10:30 (AvVeldhuizen, TSt 25, 1907, 41–43).—ESellin and CWatzinger, Jericho 1913; Dalman, Orte3 257ff; PThomsen, Jericho: Reallex. d. Vorgesch. VI 196, 153ff; JPritchard, The 1951 Campaign at Herodian Jer.: BASOR no. 123, ’51, 8–17; JKelso, NT Jericho: BA 14, ’51, 34–43; LMowry, ibid. 15, ’52, 26–42.—BHHW II 816–19. OEANE III 220–24. -
112 Ἰορδάνης
Ἰορδάνης, ου, ὁ (יַרְדֵּן) (Strabo 16, 2, 16; Galen XI 693 K.; Tacitus, Hist. 5, 62; LXX, ParJer; ApcSed 8:3 p. 133, 1 Ja.; EpArist, Philo, Joseph.; Just.; Mel., Fgm. 8b, 42; SibOr 7, 67 [Ἰόρδανος, also found in Joseph. and Paus. 5, 7, 4]; on the use of the art. w. it s. B-D-F §261, 8) the Jordan, chief river of Palestine (EpArist 116). It arises at the foot of Mt. Hermon, flows through the Sea of Galilee, and empties into the Dead Sea Mt 3:5f, 13; 4:15 (Is 8:23), 25; 19:1; Mk 1:5, 9; 3:8; 10:1; Lk 3:3; 4:1; J 1:28; 3:26; 10:40; GEb 13, 74; PEg2 66; HGuthe, RE XIV 573ff, Palästina2 1927; Dalman, Orte3, index; OWaser, V. Flussgott J.: AKaegi Festschr. 1919, 191–217; WvSoden, ZAW n.s. 16, ’39, 153f; NGlueck, The River Jordan 2 ’54.—TW. -
113 Ἰσκαριώθ
Ἰσκαριώθ indecl. (Mk 3:19; 14:10; Lk 6:16; 22:47 D), and Ἰσκαριώτης, ου, ὁ (so all other passages and always t.r.; D mostly Σκαριώθ, Σκαριώτης, q.v. On the suffix YArbeitmann, JBL 99, ’80, 122–24) Iscariot, surname of Judas the informer, as well as of his father (s. Ἰούδας 6). The mng. of the word is obscure; s. Wlh. on Mk 3:19; Dalman, Jesus 26 (Eng. tr. 51f). It is usu. taken to refer to the place of his origin, from Kerioth (in southern Judea; Buhl 182) אִישׁ קְרִיּוֹת (agreeing w. this we have the v.l. ἀπὸ Καρυώτου J 6:71; 12:4 D; 13:2 D, 26 D; 14:22 D). Another interpr. connects it w. σικάριος (q.v.), ‘assassin, bandit’ (among others FSchulthess, D. Problem der Sprache Jesu 1917, 41; 55, ZNW 21, 1922, 250ff). S. also CTorrey, HTR 36, ’43, 51–62 (‘false one’). Mt 10:4; 26:14; Mk 14:43 v.l.; Lk 22:3; J 6:71; 12:4; 13:2, 26; 14:22; GEb 34, 61.—HIngholt, Iscariot: JPedersen Festschr. ’53; BGärtner, D. rätselhafte Termini Nazaräer u. Iskarioth ’57, 37–68; OCullmann, RHPR 42, ’62, 133–40; KLüthi, J. Isk. in d. Geschichte der Auslegung (Reformation to present) ’55.—M-M. -
114 ἱμάτιον
ἱμάτιον, ου, τό (s. prec. and next entry; since Hipponax 70, Hdt., Aristoph.+) prim. ‘a piece of clothing’① clothing, apparel, gener. of any garment (PRyl 154, 8; PPetr II, 32, 18; PSI 94, 16; LXX) sg. Mt 9:16; Mk 2:21; 5:27; Lk 5:36; 8:27; Hb 1:11f (Ps 101:27); B 6:2 (Is 50:9) al. Pl. clothing (Philo, Leg. All. 3, 239) Mt 11:8 v.l.; 27:31, 35; Mk 5:28, 30; 9:3; 15:20, 24 al.; Lk 7:25; 23:34; J 19:23f; Rv 16:15. The pl. in the foll. pass. is explained by the fact that each one of a number of persons contributed one piece of clothing: Mt 21:7, 8; Mk 11:7, 8; Lk 19:35, 36 (on these pass. s. Plut., Cato Min. 764 [12, 1]); Ac 9:39 (Paradoxogr. Vat. 26 Keller ἱμάτια ἐπιδεικνύναι); Hs 9, 13, 5. ἡ τῶν ἱματίων ἀλαζών she who prides herself on her apparel AcPl Ha 2, 20.—ἀποθέσθαι ἑαυτῷ πάντα τὰ ἱ. take off all one’s (own) clothes MPol 13:2. περιαιρεῖσθαι τὰ ἱ. take off GJs 2:4. ἱ. μαλακά soft clothing Lk 7:25. λευκά white clothing Rv 3:4f, 18; 4:4; cp. Mt 17:2; Mk 9:3. μέλανα ἱ. Hs 9, 15, 1; 3 (in such cases ἱ. can be omitted, as we say ‘dressed in white’ or ‘in black’: J 20:12; Hv 4, 2, 1. Cp. B-D-F §241, 7 and λευκός 2 end). πενθικά … νυμφικά GJs 2:4 (Mel., P. 19, 132 ἱ. πενθικόν). σκυθροπότερα clothing fit for mourners AcPl Ha 2, 16. Ruined by moths Js 5:2. ἱ. κατατρίβεται wear out AcPl Ha 2, 25; 9, 9 (restored). σύνθεσις ἱματίων Hs 6, 1, 5. ἔνδυσις ἱματίων putting on clothing 1 Pt 3:3.② of outer clothing cloak, robe (Lucian, Alex. 11) Mt 9:20f; 23:5 v.l.; 24:18; Mk 5:27; 6:56; 10:50; 13:16; Lk 8:44; 22:36; J 19:2, 5; Rv 19:16. W. χιτών, the undergarment (Diod S 4, 38, 1; Dio Chrys. 13 [7], 61; Diogenes, Ep. 30, 3; Diog. L. 6, 6; SIG 736, 17 [92 B.C.]; PEdg 11=Sb 6717, 9 [257 B.C.]) Ac 9:39; D 1:4; Mt 5:40 (here the order is χιτ. … ἱ.; the situation is that of a lawsuit, in which the defendant is advised to give up not only the indispensable χιτών demanded by the opponent, but the ἱ. as well); Lk 6:29 (here the order is ἱ. … χ., a sequence that suggests highway robbery, in which the robber first deprives a victim of the outer garment. Cp. UPZ 122, 14 [157 B.C.], the report of a robbery: βουλόμενός μου περιελέσθαι τὸ ἱμάτιον. Also PLille 6, 9 ἐξέδυσαν χιτῶνα … ἱμάτιον.—But Lk may have had Dt 24:10–13 in mind [ἱ. as a pledge]. Through nonretaliation the debtor shows the shamelessness of the creditor: FDanker, Jesus and the New Age, ’88, 145). ἱ. περιβάλλειν, περιβάλλεσθαι (PFay 12, 19 [c. 103 B.C.]; Gen 28:20; 1 Km 28:8 al.) J 19:2; Ac 12:8; Rv 19:13. The outer garment was laid off in order to leave the arms free Ac 7:58; 22:20; so perh. also vs. 23. It was torn as a sign of grief (oft. LXX) 14:14, and removed from a person who was to be flogged 16:22.③ Certain pass. fall betw. 1 and 2; they speak of τὰ ἱμάτια, but involve only one person, who obviously is doing someth. to one outer garment (Mussies 83): ὁ ἀρχιερεὺς διέρρηξεν τὰ ἱ. αὐτοῦ Mt 26:65 (cp. Gen 37:29, 34; Josh 7:6; Jdth 14:16 al.). Cp. J 13:4, 12; Ac 18:6.—B 3:4 ἱμάτια is an uncertain rdg.: v.l. ἰάματα; it is a quot. fr. Is 58:8 (s. the variants there, ed. JZiegler).—Dalman, Arbeit V ’37. BHHW II 962–65. B. 395; 416. DELG s.v. ἕννυμι. M-M. TW. -
115 ὁδός
ὁδός, οῦ, ἡ (Hom.+) gener. an established ‘way’ or ‘course’ such as a road or channel of a river.① a way for traveling or moving from one place to another, way, road, highway, used by pers. or impers. entities: Mt 2:12; 21:8ab; Mk 11:8; Lk 3:5 (Is 40:4 v.l.); 19:36 al.; ἑτέρα ὁδ. Js 2:25. ἡ ὁδ. ἡ Καμπανή=Lat. Via Campana the Campanian Way Hv 4, 1, 2 (s. MDibelius, Hdb. ad loc.; Hülsen, Pauly-W. III 1434); described as ἡ ὁδ. ἡ δημοσία the public highway ibid. (s. δημόσιος 1). τὴν βασιλικήν AcPl Ant 13 (τὴν β. ὁδόν Aa I 237, 4). ἡ ὁδ. ἡ καταβαίνουσα ἀπὸ Ἰερουσαλὴμ εἰς Γάζαν Ac 8:26. παρέρχεσθαι διὰ τῆς ὁδ. pass by (a certain place) on the road Mt 8:28 (on διὰ τ. ὁδ. cp. Philo, Abr. 269; ParJer 3:21). πίπτειν εἰς τὴν ὁδ. fall on the road Hv 3, 7, 1a. ἔρχεσθαι εἰς τὴν ὁδ., μένειν ἐν τῇ ὁδ. v 3, 2, 9a. κυλίεσθαι ἐκ τῆς ὁδ. roll off the road 3, 2, 9b and 3, 7, 1b. Of a fig tree ἐπὶ τῆς ὁδοῦ by the roadside Mt 21:19. Of beggars καθῆσθαι παρὰ τὴν ὁδ. sit by the roadside 20:30; Mk 10:46; Lk 18:35 (Stephan. Byz. s.v. Εὔτρησις: κώμη … κεῖται παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν), but along the way also merits attention (cp. παρὰ τὰς ὁδούς Antig. Car. 29). Of seed that is sown πίπτειν παρὰ τὴν ὁδ. fall along the road (Dalman, PJ 22, 1926, 121ff) Mt 13:4; Mk 4:4; Lk 8:5; cp. Mt 13:19; Mk 4:15; Lk 8:12. ἐξέρχεσθαι εἰς τὰς ὁδ. go out into the streets Mt 22:10; Lk 14:23; for διεξόδους τῶν ὁδ. Mt 22:9 s. διέξοδος; καταβαίνειν ἐν τῇ ὁδ. go down the road Lk 10:31. πορεύεσθαι κατὰ τὴν ὁδ. go on along the highway Ac 8:36. AcPl Ant 13, 20 (sc. ὁδόν after AcPlTh 3=Aa I 237, 4). ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ ᾗ ἤρχου (by attraction for ἣν ἤρ.; X., An. 2, 2, 10) 9:17. ἑτοιμάζειν τὴν ὁδ. τινος prepare someone’s way Mt 3:3; Mk 1:3; Lk 3:4 (all after Is 40:3); cp. Lk 1:76 and for the pass. Rv 16:12. Also κατασκευάζειν τὴν ὁδ. τινος Mt 11:10; Mk 1:2; Lk 7:27. εὐθύνειν τὴν ὁδ. τινος J 1:23. κατευθύνειν τὴν ὁδ. τινος 1 Th 3:11 (PsSol 8:6).—W. obj. gen. to indicate direction (Gen 3:24) Mt 10:5 (s. 3a below); Hb 9:8.—The acc. ὁδόν, following the Hebr.דֶּרֶךְ, and contrary to customary Gk. usage (but single cases of ὁδός take on the functions of adverbs or prepositions in the Gk. language as well: cp. Diog. L. 7, 156; Synes., Providence 1, 8 ὁδῷ βαδίζειν=‘go straight forward’; Appian, Hann. 47 §201 ὁδὸν ἐλάσσονα by a shorter [or the shortest] way; Plut., Mor. 371c.—The nearest parallel to the NT usage cited below would be the report of Diog. L. 9, 8 concerning Heraclitus: τὴν μεταβολὴν ὁδὸν ἄνω κάτω γίνεσθαι, if it might be translated: ‘Change [in the universe] is accomplished in an upward and downward direction’.) is used as a prep. toward (Dt 11:30; 3 Km 8:48; 18:43 ὁδὸν τῆς θαλάσσης. Cp. B-D-F §161, 1) ὁδ. θαλάσσης toward the sea Mt 4:15 (Is 8:23 LXX, Aq., Sym.).—LCasson, Travel in the Ancient World ’74; OEANE IV 431–34.② the action of traveling, way, trip, journey, transf. sense of 1 (Hes., Theogon. 754; X., Mem. 3, 13, 5; Herodian 2, 11, 1; JosAs 9:4 al.; Just., D. 85, 5) εἰς (τὴν) ὁδ. for the trip/journey (Jos., Ant. 12, 198) Mt 10:10; Mk 6:8; Lk 9:3; on the way Mk 10:17. ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ on the way (Gen 45:24; Jos., Ant. 6, 55; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 10, 2, end) Mt 15:32; 20:17; Mk 8:3, 27; 9:33f; 10:52; Lk 9:57; 12:58; 24:32; Ac 9:27. τὰ ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ what had happened to them on the way Lk 24:35. εἶναι ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ Mt 5:25; Mk 10:32. ἐξ ὁδοῦ from a trip (Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 91 §418; Damasc., Vi. Isid. 203 p. 138, 8 W.; Jos., Vi. 246; 248 ἐκ τ. ὁδοῦ) Lk 11:6. ἔκαμνον ἐκ τῆς ὁδοῦ GJs 15:1. κατὰ τὴν ὁδ. along the way (Arrian, Anab. 1, 26, 5; 3, 19, 3; PKöln VI, 245, 20 καθʼ ὁδόν ‘on my way’; Jos., Ant. 8, 404; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 10, 2) 10:4; Ac 25:3; 26:13. ἀνὰ μέσον τῆς ὁδοῦ halfway GJs 17:3. τ. ὁδὸν αὐτοῦ πορεύεσθαι go on his way Ac 8:39 (cp. X., Cyr. 5, 2, 22; TestAbr B 2 p. 106, 2 [Stone p. 60]). πορεύεσθαι τῇ ὁδῷ 1 Cl 12:4. ὁδὸν ποιεῖν make one’s way (Judg 17:8) Mk 2:23; s. ὁδοποιέω.—σαββάτου ὁδός a Sabbath day’s trip could also belong under 1; it signified the distance an Israelite might travel on the Sabbath, two thousand paces or cubits (=about 800 meters.—Mishnah: ˓Erubin 4, 3; 7; 5, 7; Origen, Princ. 4, 17; Schürer II 472f; 484f; Billerb. II 590–94; Moore, Judaism II 32) Ac 1:12. ἡμέρας ὁδός a day’s trip Lk 2:44 (Diod S 19, 17, 3; Appian, Samn. 1 §5; Polyaenus 7, 21, 1; Lucian, Syr. Dea 9; Procop., Aed. 6, 1, 12; cp. Hdt. 4, 101; X., Cyr. 1, 1, 3 παμπόλλων ἡμερῶν ὁδός; Ael. Aristid. 36, 87 K.=48 p. 473 D.: τριῶν ἡμ. ὁδ.; Gen 30:36; 31:23; Ex 3:18; Jdth 2:21; 1 Macc 5:24; 7:45; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 5 Jac.; Jos., Ant. 15, 293).③ course of behavior, way, way of life, fig. ext. of 1 and 2, but oft. w. the picture prominently in mind (SibOr 3, 233; ὁδὸς τις γίνεται one finds a way (out) Did., Gen. 228, 7).ⓐ way εἰς ὁδ. ἐθνῶν μὴ ἀπέλθητε do not go in the way of the Gentiles i.e. do not turn to the Gentiles Mt 10:5 (but s. 1.—JJeremias, Jesu Verheissung für d. Völker, ’56). εὐρύχωρος ἡ ὁδ. ἡ ἀπάγουσα εἰς τὴν ἀπώλειαν 7:13 (Pla., Gorg. 524a τὼ ὁδώ, ἡ μὲν εἰς μακάρων νήσους, ἡ δʼ εἰς Τάρταρον). Also ἡ ὁδ. τῆς ἀπωλείας ApcPt 1:1; ἡ τοῦ μέλανος ὁδ. 20:1. ἡ τοῦ θανάτου ὁδ. (Herm. Wr. 1, 29) D 5:1. Cp. 1:1 (on this Jer 21:8; TestAsh 1:3, 5 ὁδοὶ δύο, καλοῦ κ. κακοῦ; SibOr 8, 399 ὁδοὶ δύο, ζωῆς θανάτου τε; Ael. Aristid. 30 p. 577 D.: δυοῖν ὁδοῖν τὴν μὲν … τὴν δέ.—The two ὁδοί of Heracles: X., Mem. 2, 1, 21ff; Maximus Tyr. 14, 1a; e; k). ὁδ. σκότους 5:4b. Description of the way B 20; D 5:1ff. τεθλιμμένη ἡ ὁδ. ἡ ἀπάγουσα εἰς τὴν ζωήν Mt 7:14 (TestAbr A 2 p. 88, 28 [Stone p. 4]). Also ἡ ὁδ. τῆς ζωῆς D 1:2. ἡ ὁδ. τοῦ φωτός 19:1. Description of the way B 19; D 1–4. ὁδ. εἰρήνης Lk 1:79; Ro 3:17 (Is 59:8; Ps 13:3). ὁδ. ζωῆς Ac 2:28 (Ps 15:11); cp. D 1:2 above. ὁδ. σωτηρίας Ac 16:17. ὁδ. πρόσφατος κ. ζῶσα Hb 10:20. ὁδ. δικαιοσύνης B 1:4; 5:4a (in these two pass. the imagery of ‘way’ is stronger than in Mt 21:32 and 2 Pt 2:21, on the latter two pass. s. below in b). Of love ὁδ. ἡ ἀναφέρουσα εἰς θεόν IEph 9:1 (cp. Orig., C. Cels. 1, 56, 6 [Christ as teacher of the ‘way’]). αὕτη ἡ ὁδ. ἐν ᾗ εὕρομεν τὸ σωτήριον ἡμῶν 1 Cl 36:1.—Christ calls himself ἡ ὁδ. (i.e., to God) J 14:6, cp. 4f (s. Orig., C. Cels. 6, 66, 28; cp. Iren. 1, 15, 2 [Harv. I 149, 6].—Hdb. and Bultmann [p. 466ff—Engl. 603ff w. other lit.]; JPascher, Η ΒΑΣΙΛΙΚΗ ΟΔΟΣ; D. Königsweg. z. Wiedergeb. u. Vergottung b. Philon v. Alex. ’31).ⓑ way of life, way of acting, conduct (Did., Gen. 168, 8) (ἡ) ὁδ. (τῆς) δικαιοσύνης (Pr 21:16, 21; Job 24:13); En 99:10; Mt 21:32 (ἐν ὁδῷ δικ. [cp. Pr 8:20] denotes either the way of life practiced by the Baptist [Zahn; OHoltzmann] or the type of conduct he demanded [described in Just., D. 38, 2 as ἡ τοῦ βαπτίσματο ὁδ.; cp. HHoltzmann; BWeiss; JWeiss; EKlostermann; Schniewind]. S. JKleist, CBQ 8, ’46, 192–96); 2 Pt 2:21. τῇ ὁδ. αὐτοῦ ἐπλανήθη he went astray in his path (=‘in his conduct’) 1 Cl 16:6 (Is 53:6). ἐκ πλάνης ὁδοῦ αὐτοῦ from his misguided way of life Js 5:20. ἡ ὁδ. τῆς ἀληθείας (Ps 118:30) vs. 19 v.l. (cp. 2 Pt 2:2 in c below); 1 Cl 35:5. ἀφιέναι τὴν ὁδ. τὴν ἀληθινήν Hv 3, 7, 1. τῇ ὁδ. τοῦ Κάϊν πορεύεσθαι follow the way of Cain Jd 11. ὁδ. δικαίων, ἀσεβῶν 11:7 (Ps 1:6). (ἡ) ὁδ. (ἡ) δικαία (Jos., Ant. 13, 290) 12:4; 2 Cl 5:7. τὸ δίκαιον ὀρθὴν ὁδ. ἔχει the way of righteousness is a straight one Hm 6, 1, 2. τῇ ὀρθῇ ὁδ. πορεύεσθαι ibid.; cp. 6, 1, 4 (Just., D. 8, 2). Opp. ἡ στρεβλὴ ὁδ. the crooked way 6, 1, 3. θέωμεν τὴν ὁδ. τὴν εὐθεῖαν let us run the straight course 2 Cl 7:3; cp. 2 Pt 2:15. Of life in association w. polytheists αὕτη ἡ ὁδ. ἡδυτέρα αὐτοῖς ἐφαίνετο Hs 8, 9, 1. The basic mng. has disappeared to such a degree that one can speak of καρποὶ τῆς ὁδ. 1 Cl 57:6 (Pr 1:31) and ἔργα τῆς πονηρᾶς ὁδ. 4:10.—Pl. ways, of one’s total conduct Ac 14:16; Ro 3:16 (Is 59:7; Ps 13:3a; PsSol 6:2; 10:4 al.; ApcSed 15:5); Js 1:8; Hv 2, 2, 6. Esp. of the ways of God, referring either to the ways that God initiates: ὡς … ἀνεξιχνίαστοι αἱ ὁδ. αὐτοῦ how inscrutable are his ways Ro 11:33; δίκαιαι καὶ ἀληθιναὶ αἱ ὁδ. σου Rv 15:3; αἱ ὁδ. τῆς εὐλογίας the ways of blessing 1 Cl 31:1; or to the ways that humans should take: οὐκ ἔγνωσαν τὰς ὁδ. μου Hb 3:10 (Ps 94:10). διαστρέφειν τὰς ὁδοὺς τοῦ κυρίου Ac 13:10. διδάσκειν τὰς ὁδ. σου 1 Cl 18:13 (Ps 50:15). Likew. the sing. τὴν ὁδ. τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν ἀληθείᾳ διδάσκειν Mt 22:16; cp. Mk 12:14; Lk 20:21. ἀφιέναι τὴν ὁδ. τοῦ θεοῦ ApcPt 20:34. παρέβησαν ἐκ τῆς ὁδ. 1 Cl 53:2 (Ex 32:8).ⓒ of the whole way of life fr. a moral and spiritual viewpoint, the way, teaching in the most comprehensive sense (Lucian, Hermot. 46 ὁδ. of the doctrine of a philosophical school Just., D. 39, 2 ἀπολείποντας τήν ὁδ. τῆς πλάνης; 142, 3 διὰ ταύτης τῆς ὁδοῦ), and specif. of teaching and manner of life relating to Jesus Christ (SMcCasland, JBL 77, ’58, 222–30: Qumran parallels) κατὰ τὴν ὁδ. ἣν λέγουσιν αἵρεσιν according to the Way, which they call a (heterodox) sect Ac 24:14. ἐάν τινας εὕρῃ τῆς ὁδ. ὄντας if he should find people who belonged to the Way 9:2. ὁδ. κυρίου, θεοῦ of teaching relating to Jesus and God’s purpose 18:25f. κακολογεῖν τὴν ὁδ. ἐνώπιον τοῦ πλήθους 19:9. ταύτην τὴν ὁδ. διώκειν persecute this religion 22:4. ἐγένετο τάραχος περὶ τῆς ὁδ. there arose a disturbance concerning the Way 19:23. τὰ περὶ τῆς ὁδ. (the things) concerning the teaching 24:22. ἡ ὁδὸς τ. ἀληθείας of the true Christian teaching (in contrast to that of dissidents vs. 1) 2 Pt 2:2 (OdeSol 11:3). Of the way of love καθʼ ὑπερβολὴν ὁδ. a far better way 1 Cor 12:31. ἡ ὁδ. τῆς δικαιοσύνης ApcPt 7:22; 13:28. Likew. the pl. (En 104:13 μαθεῖν ἐξ αὐτῶν [τ. βίβλων] πάσας τ. ὁδοὺς τῆς ἀληθείας) τὰς ὁδούς μου ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησου my Christian directives (i.e. instructions, teachings) 1 Cor 4:17.—OBecker, D. Bild des Weges u. verwandte Vorstellungen im frühgriech. Denken ’37; FNötscher, Gotteswege u. Menschenwege in d. Bibel u. in Qumran, ’58; ERepo, D. Weg als Selbstbezeichnung des Urchr., ’64 (but s. CBurchard, Der 13te Zeuge, ’70, 43, n. 10; JPathrapankal, Christianity as a ‘Way’ according to the Acts of the Apostles: Les Actes des Apôtres, Traditions, redaction, théologie, ed. JKremer ’79, 533–39 [reflects Is 40:3 and the emphasis on דרך in CD and 1QS: the ‘dynamism of Christianity’ is ‘Way of Life’]).—B. 717; 720. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
116 ὄψιμος
ὄψιμος, ον (ὀψέ; Hom. et al.; pap, LXX; as proper name Ath. 6, 1) prim. pert. to a period of time that is relatively late (Il. 2, 325), and esp. in connection with agricultural activity (s. L-S-J-M s.v.); in our lit. of rain that comes in spring (March to April), after the normal rains of the winter season have passed (מַלְקוֹשׁ Dt 11:14; s. Dalman, Arbeit I 122ff; 302 ff al.) ὑετὸς ὄψιμος (w. πρόϊμος, as Dt 11:14; Jer 5:24 al.) late rain, spring rain Js 5:7 v.l. for the subst. (ὁ) ὄψιμος in the same mng. S. πρόϊμος.—DELG s.v. ὀψέ. M-M. -
117 ὕσσωπος
ὕσσωπος, ου, ἡ and ὁ, also ὕσσωπον, τό (in wr. outside our lit. [Nicander: II B.C., Ther. 872; Alexiph. 603; Chaeremon 44, 6 al.; ins, pap] all three genders are quotable; for the LXX the masc. and fem. are certain; Philo, Vi. Cont. 73 excludes the neut. for that author; in Jos., Bell. 6, 201, Ant. 2, 312; 4, 80 the matter is not clear. In our lit. the neut. is certain only for Barnabas.—אֵזוֹב) the hyssop (acc. to Zohary, Plants 96f = the Origanum Syriacum, not the European Hyssopus), a small bush w. blue flowers and highly aromatic leaves; used in purificatory sacrifices (Ex 12:22; Lev 14:4; Num 19:6, 18.—SIG 1218, 16 [V B.C.], where the word is beyond doubt correctly restored, the hyssop serves to purify a house in which a corpse had lain; Chaeremon also mentions its purifying power) Hb 9:19; 1 Cl 18:7 (Ps 50:9); B 8:1, 6.—In J 19:29 hyssop appears as a plant w. a long, firm stem or stalk, which creates some difficulty. The conjecture by JCamerarius († 1574), ὑσσῷ (=javelin [s. ὑσσός]: ὑσσῷ is actually found in mss. 476 and 1242, both antedating the conjecture) προπεριθέντες, has been accepted by many (e.g. Dalman, Jesus 187; Lagrange, JBernard; Field, Notes 106–8; M-M.; Goodsp., Probs. 115f; Mft.; NEB; w. reserve, Bultmann). Against the rdg. ὑσσός (not accepted by Weymouth, NAB [the margin suggests probability of ‘symbolic’ usage], NRSV, REB [marginal ref. to ‘javelin’]; 20th Century ‘hyssop-stalk’) it has been urged (by WBauer et al.) that the purifying effect of the hyssop (used acc. to Ex 12:22 specif. at the Passover) is the most important consideration here.—ILöw, Die Flora der Juden II 1924, 72f; 84–101, on J 19:29 esp. 99–101; LFonck, Streifzüge durch die biblische Flora 1900, 109; EbNestle, Zum Ysop bei Johannes, Josephus u. Philo: ZNW 14, 1913, 263–65; LBaldensperger and GCrowfoot, Hyssop: PEF 63, ’31, 89–98; Metzger 253f; BHHW III 2197f.—DELG. M-M. -
118 ὡσαννά=Aram.
ὡσαννά=Aram. הוֹשַׁע נָא=Hebr. הוֹשִׁיעָה נָּא (Hebr. Ps 118:25); on the spelling s. W-H., Introd. §408; Tdf., Prol. 107; indecl. a shout of praise, hosanna (lit.=‘help’ or ‘save, I pray’, an appeal that became a liturgical formula; as a part of the Hallel [Ps 113–18 Hebr.] it was familiar to everyone in Israel. In the course of time an acclamation, abs. Mk 11:9 (RGundry, Mark ’93, 630); J 12:13. W. additions: τῷ υἱῷ Δαυίδ Mt 21:9a, 15 (FCoggan, ET 52, ’40/41, 76f; CWood, ibid. 357). τῷ θεῷ Δ. D 10:6. ἐν τοῖς ὑψίστοις Mt 21:9b; Mk 11:10 (s. ὕψιστος 1).—W-S. p. xv; EKautzsch, Gramm. d. Bibl.-Aram. 1884, 173; Dalman, Gramm.2 1905, 249; Billerb. I 1922, 845ff; Zahn, Einl. I3 14; EbNestle, Philol. 68, 1909, 462; FSpitta, ZWT 52, 1910, 307–20; FBurkitt, JTS 17, 1916, 139–49; Elbogen2 138f; 219f; HBornhäuser, Sukka ’35, 106f; EBishop, ET 53, ’42, 212–14; Goodsp., Probs. 34f; EWerner, JBL 65, ’46, 97–122; JKennard, Jr., JBL 67, ’48, 171–76; ELohse, NovT 6, ’63, 183–89.—M-M. EDNT. TW.Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὡσαννά=Aram.
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119 ῥαββί
ῥαββί (from רַב ‘lord, master’, רַבִּי ‘my lord’; also ῥαββεί; on the interchange of ει and ι s. B-D-F §38; W-S. §5, 13a; s. Mlt-H. 76f.—EbNestle, ZNW 7, 1906, 184) properly a form of address, and so throughout our lit., then an honorary title for outstanding teachers of the law: master, sir, rabbi Mt 23:7f (here, too, ῥαββί is a form of address). Of John the Baptist, whom his disciples addressed in this manner J 3:26. Otherw. always of Jesus: Mt 26:25, 49; Mk 9:5; 10:51 v.l.; 11:21; 14:45; J 1:49; 4:31; 6:25; 9:2; 11:8. κύριε ῥ. Mk 10:51 D; s. the apocryphal gospel Fgm. ZNW 22, 1923, 153f=PBerlin 11710 (in the form ῥαμβιού and ῥαμβίς, s. ASyn. 21, 74; 75; 76). With the transl. διδάσκαλε, which paraphrases the sense J 1:38; cp. 3:2.—Schürer II 325f; The Jewish Encyclopedia X 1905, 294ff; Dalman, Worte 272–80; TReinach, REJ 48, 1904, 191–96 (ins fr. Cyprus: εὐχὴ ῥαββὶ Ἀττικοῦ); Billerb. I 916; JNeusner, The Phenomenon of the Rabbi in Later Antiquity, Numen 16, ’69, 1–20; Kl. Pauly IV, 1322f; TRE III, 608; BHHW III 1541ff; ABD V 600–602. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
120 ῥαββουνί
ῥαββουνί (also written ῥαββουνεί, ῥαββονί, ῥαββωνί, ῥαββονεί, s. ῥαββί), properly a heightened form of רַב: רַבָּן and beside it רַבּוֹן w. suffix רַבּוֹנִי or רַבּוּנִי my lord, my master. Jesus is so addressed in Mk 10:51 and J 20:16; in the latter pass. διδάσκαλε is added as a transl.—E Kautzsch, Grammatik des Bibl.-Aramäischen 1884, 10; Dalman, Gramm.2 §35, 2, Worte 267; 279, Jesus 12; Schürer II 326; Billerb. II 25; PKahle, The Cairo Geniza ’47, 129 (exx. fr. Jewish sources); WAlbright, Recent Discoveries in Palestine and J, in CHDodd Festschr. ’56, 158 (‘my dear [or] little master’).—TW.
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