dē-nigro

Bĭōn (in the class. per. perh. more correctly Bio, analog. to Plato, Meno, Dio, etc.), ōnis, m., = Biôn ho Borusthenitês, Strab.), a very witty philosopher of the Cyrenaic school, born at Borysthenes:

facetum illud Bionis,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 26, 62.—Hence, Bĭōnēus, a, um, adj., Bionian, for witty, satirical, biting:

hic delectatur iambis, Ille Bioneis sermonibus et sale nigro,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 60 Orell. ad loc. (Bioneis sermonibus, lividis jocis, id est, satira, Acro).—

Bion Soleus or Soleusis, a writer on agriculture, Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 8; Plin. 6, 29, 35, § 178.

Bĭōn (in the class. per. perh. more correctly Bio, analog. to Plato, Meno, Dio, etc.), ōnis, m., = Biôn ho Borusthenitês, Strab.), a very witty philosopher of the Cyrenaic school, born at Borysthenes:

facetum illud Bionis,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 26, 62.—Hence, Bĭōnēus, a, um, adj., Bionian, for witty, satirical, biting:

hic delectatur iambis, Ille Bioneis sermonibus et sale nigro,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 60 Orell. ad loc. (Bioneis sermonibus, lividis jocis, id est, satira, Acro).—

Bion Soleus or Soleusis, a writer on agriculture, Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 8; Plin. 6, 29, 35, § 178.

Bĭōn (in the class. per. perh. more correctly Bio, analog. to Plato, Meno, Dio, etc.), ōnis, m., = Biôn ho Borusthenitês, Strab.), a very witty philosopher of the Cyrenaic school, born at Borysthenes:

facetum illud Bionis,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 26, 62.—Hence, Bĭōnēus, a, um, adj., Bionian, for witty, satirical, biting:

hic delectatur iambis, Ille Bioneis sermonibus et sale nigro,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 60 Orell. ad loc. (Bioneis sermonibus, lividis jocis, id est, satira, Acro).—

Bion Soleus or Soleusis, a writer on agriculture, Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 8; Plin. 6, 29, 35, § 178.

collŭvĭo ( conl-), ōnis, and collŭvĭ-es, em, ē (the latter form not freq. before the Aug. per.; but exclusively used by Col., Pliny the elder, and Tac.; a third collat. form collŭvĭum, acc. to Isid. Diff. Verb. 40), f. [colluo], a conflux or collection of filth, washings, sweepings, draff, swill.

Prop.

Colluvies, Dig. 43, 22, 1, §§

2 and 4: cohortis et aedificii,

Col. 2, 15, 8; cf. id. 1, 6, 24; 1, 5, 6:

turbida nigro limo,

Luc. 4, 311; Plin. 24, 19, 116, § 176.—

Colluvio:

colluvionibus sentinarum,

Arn. 5, p. 172.—

More freq. trop., the impure conflux of different objects, dregs, impurities, impure mixture, vile medley, offscourings.

Colluvio:

mixtorum omnis generis animantium,

Liv. 3, 6, 3:

cum ex hac turbā et colluvione discedam,

Cic. Sen. 23, 85; cf. Non. p. 82, 9:

o praeclarum diem, omnium scelerum,

Cic. Sest. 7, 15:

rerum,

Liv. 3, 11, 5:

deterrima verborum,

Gell. 1, 15, 17:

colluvionem gentium adferre,

a polluting mixture, Liv. 4, 2, 5:

mixti ex omni colluvione exsules obaerati, etc.,

id. 26, 40, 17; cf. id. 22, 43, 2:

in colluvione Drusi,

the dregs of the people adhering to him, the rabble, Cic. Vat. 9, 23;

Cod. Th. 13, 3, 7: ordinum hominum,

Curt. 10, 2, 6:

sanguinis peregrini et servilis,

Suet. Aug. 40; Plin. Ep. 5, 8, 11.—

Colluvies, Atticus ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 7:

rerum,

Tac. H. 2, 16 fin.; cf. absol., id. A. 14, 15; 14, 44; id. H. 5, 12:

nationum,

id. A. 2, 55:

collecta populi,

Just. 2, 6, 4.

com-pello ( conp-), pŭli, pulsum, 3, v. a., to drive together to a place, to collect, assemble (opp. expello, Cic. Pis. 7, 16;

to dispellere,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 149;

and to aspellere,

id. Trin. 3, 2, 46; class.).

Lit. of herds, flocks:

tum compellendum (agnos) in gregem ovium,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 18:

armentum in speluncam,

Liv. 1, 7, 5; cf.:

pecoris vim ingentem in saltum avium,

id. 9, 31, 7:

greges in unum,

Verg. E. 7, 2:

pecus totius provinciae,

Cic. Pis. 36, 87: haedorum gregem hibisco ( poet. for ad hibiscum), Verg. E. 2, 30.—Also of other objects:

primordia,

Lucr. 2, 564:

homines unum in locum,

Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 2:

naves (hostium) in portum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 58 fin.:

hostes intra oppida murosque,

id. B. G. 7, 65; so of the driving or forcing of enemies in a body; cf.:

adversarios intra moenia,

Nep. Ages. 5, 3:

hostem fugatum in naves,

Liv. 10, 2, 2:

Dardanos in urbem,

id. 41, 19, 9; Suet. Vit. 15:

oppidanos intra munimenta,

Curt. 8, 11, 1:

hostes in fugam,

Just. 4, 4.—Hence fig.:

bellum Medulliam,

to turn the war thither, Liv. 1, 33, 4:

is (hostes) eo compulit ut locorum angustiis clausi, etc.,

drove them into so close corners, Nep. Ham. 2, 4:

Pompeium domum suam,

Cic. Pis. 7, 16:

ad monumentorum deversoria plebe compulsā,

Suet. Ner. 38: quam (imaginem) virga semel horrida... Nigro compulerit gregi, * Hor. C. 1, 24, 18:

ossa in suas sedes,

Cels. 6, 7 fin. —

Trop.

To bring or press together:

amores nostros dispulsos,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 149:

cur eam tantas in angustias et in Stoicorum dumeta compellimus?

Cic. Ac. 2, 35, 112.—Far more freq.,

To drive, bring, move, impel, incite, urge, compel, force, constrain to something; constr. with ad, in, more rarely with ut, the inf. or absol.

With ad (freq. in Suet.):

aliquem ad virtutem,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 10, 10:

ad arma,

Cic. Marcell. 5, 13:

ad bellum,

Ov. M. 5, 219:

ad deditionem fame,

Suet. Aug. 14; Curt. 9, 1, 19:

ad necem,

Suet. Aug. 66; id. Calig. 23; id. Ner. 35: ad mortem, id. Tib. 56; Quint. 7, 3, 7:

ad confessionem,

Suet. Claud. 15:

ad pugnam,

id. ib. 21:

ad rapinas,

Luc. 7, 99:

ad defectionem,

Curt. 10, 1, 45:

ad laqueum,

Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 12:

ad impudicitiam,

Dig. 1, 6, 2.—

With in:

in hunc sensum compellor injuriis,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 21:

in eundem metum,

Liv. 25, 29, 8:

in socordiam,

Col. 11, 1, 11:

in mortem,

Quint. 7, 3, 7:

in metum,

Tac. H. 2, 27. —

With ut:

callidum senem callidis dolis Conpuli et perpuli, mihi omnia ut crederet,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 4; Suet. Caes. 1; 24; id. Vesp. 2; Tac. Or. 4; Curt. 8, 8, 2. —

With inf.:

aliquem jussa nefanda pati,

Ov. F. 3, 860; Luc. 3, 144; Suet. Tib. 62; id. Dom. 14; Curt. 5, 1, 35; Just. 16, 5; 30, 3; Gai Inst. 2, 237.—

Absol.:

ceteras nationes conterruit, compulit, domuit,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 33:

aliquā indignatione compellendus,

Quint. 9, 4, 138:

ille qui aspellit, is conpellit,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 46; freq. in perf. part.:

periculis compulsus,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 11; Caes. B. C. 3, 41; Liv. 27, 30, 3.

compello ( conp-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [1. compello; cf. 2. appello, āre, from 1. appello, ĕre, and jugare, from root of jungo], to accost one.

Without implying reproach, to accost, address (mostly poet.): exin compellare pater me voce videtur his verbis, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 41 (Ann. v. 45 Vahl.); so, aliquem, id. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 256 ib.):

aliquem voce,

Verg. A. 5, 161; and:

notis vocibus,

id. ib. 6, 499; cf. Ov. M. 14, 839:

blande hominem,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 72; cf. id. Stich. 2, 1, 43:

familiariter,

id. Men. 2, 3, 23: carmine, * Cat. 64, 24:

talibus agrestem com pellat Oreada dictis,

Ov. M. 8, 787; 12, 585:

Tauream nomine,

Liv. 23, 47, 2; Curt. 4, 13, 20:

aliquem multo honore,

Verg. A. 3, 474:

verbis amicis,

id. ib. 2, 372:

aliquam de stupro,

to invite to unchastity, Val. Max. 6, 1, 2; in like sense absol.:

compellare,

Hyg. Fab. 57.—

In a hostile sense, to address one reproachfully or abusively, to reproach, chide, rebuke, upbraid, abuse, to take to task, call to account (good prose).

In gen.:

mimus nominatim Accium poëtam compellavit in scaenā,

Auct. Her. 1, 14, 24:

neque aspexit mater, quin eum fratricidam impiumque detestans compellaret,

Nep. Timol. 1, 5:

pro cunctatore segnem, pro cauto timidum compellabat,

Liv. 22, 12, 12; 34, 2, 8:

ne compellarer inultus,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 297; 1, 7, 31; id. Ep. 1, 7, 34.—

Esp., jurid. t. t., of authorities, to summon one to answer a charge; or of adversaries, to arraign one before a tribunal, to accuse of crime (cf. 2. appello):

Q. Ciceronem compellat edicto,

Cic. Phil. 3, 7, 17; id. Red. in Sen. 5, 12; 13, 52:

Nigidius minari in contione, se judicem, qui non adfuerit, compellaturum,

id. Att. 2, 2, 3; so id. Phil. 3, 7, 17; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 3; Nep. Alcib. 4, 1; Liv. 43, 2, 11; Tac. A. 16, 27; Suet. Caes. 17.

collŭvĭo ( conl-), ōnis, and collŭvĭ-es, em, ē (the latter form not freq. before the Aug. per.; but exclusively used by Col., Pliny the elder, and Tac.; a third collat. form collŭvĭum, acc. to Isid. Diff. Verb. 40), f. [colluo], a conflux or collection of filth, washings, sweepings, draff, swill.

Prop.

Colluvies, Dig. 43, 22, 1, §§

2 and 4: cohortis et aedificii,

Col. 2, 15, 8; cf. id. 1, 6, 24; 1, 5, 6:

turbida nigro limo,

Luc. 4, 311; Plin. 24, 19, 116, § 176.—

Colluvio:

colluvionibus sentinarum,

Arn. 5, p. 172.—

More freq. trop., the impure conflux of different objects, dregs, impurities, impure mixture, vile medley, offscourings.

Colluvio:

mixtorum omnis generis animantium,

Liv. 3, 6, 3:

cum ex hac turbā et colluvione discedam,

Cic. Sen. 23, 85; cf. Non. p. 82, 9:

o praeclarum diem, omnium scelerum,

Cic. Sest. 7, 15:

rerum,

Liv. 3, 11, 5:

deterrima verborum,

Gell. 1, 15, 17:

colluvionem gentium adferre,

a polluting mixture, Liv. 4, 2, 5:

mixti ex omni colluvione exsules obaerati, etc.,

id. 26, 40, 17; cf. id. 22, 43, 2:

in colluvione Drusi,

the dregs of the people adhering to him, the rabble, Cic. Vat. 9, 23;

Cod. Th. 13, 3, 7: ordinum hominum,

Curt. 10, 2, 6:

sanguinis peregrini et servilis,

Suet. Aug. 40; Plin. Ep. 5, 8, 11.—

Colluvies, Atticus ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 7:

rerum,

Tac. H. 2, 16 fin.; cf. absol., id. A. 14, 15; 14, 44; id. H. 5, 12:

nationum,

id. A. 2, 55:

collecta populi,

Just. 2, 6, 4.

com-pello ( conp-), pŭli, pulsum, 3, v. a., to drive together to a place, to collect, assemble (opp. expello, Cic. Pis. 7, 16;

to dispellere,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 149;

and to aspellere,

id. Trin. 3, 2, 46; class.).

Lit. of herds, flocks:

tum compellendum (agnos) in gregem ovium,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 18:

armentum in speluncam,

Liv. 1, 7, 5; cf.:

pecoris vim ingentem in saltum avium,

id. 9, 31, 7:

greges in unum,

Verg. E. 7, 2:

pecus totius provinciae,

Cic. Pis. 36, 87: haedorum gregem hibisco ( poet. for ad hibiscum), Verg. E. 2, 30.—Also of other objects:

primordia,

Lucr. 2, 564:

homines unum in locum,

Cic. Inv. 1, 2, 2:

naves (hostium) in portum,

Caes. B. C. 1, 58 fin.:

hostes intra oppida murosque,

id. B. G. 7, 65; so of the driving or forcing of enemies in a body; cf.:

adversarios intra moenia,

Nep. Ages. 5, 3:

hostem fugatum in naves,

Liv. 10, 2, 2:

Dardanos in urbem,

id. 41, 19, 9; Suet. Vit. 15:

oppidanos intra munimenta,

Curt. 8, 11, 1:

hostes in fugam,

Just. 4, 4.—Hence fig.:

bellum Medulliam,

to turn the war thither, Liv. 1, 33, 4:

is (hostes) eo compulit ut locorum angustiis clausi, etc.,

drove them into so close corners, Nep. Ham. 2, 4:

Pompeium domum suam,

Cic. Pis. 7, 16:

ad monumentorum deversoria plebe compulsā,

Suet. Ner. 38: quam (imaginem) virga semel horrida... Nigro compulerit gregi, * Hor. C. 1, 24, 18:

ossa in suas sedes,

Cels. 6, 7 fin. —

Trop.

To bring or press together:

amores nostros dispulsos,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 149:

cur eam tantas in angustias et in Stoicorum dumeta compellimus?

Cic. Ac. 2, 35, 112.—Far more freq.,

To drive, bring, move, impel, incite, urge, compel, force, constrain to something; constr. with ad, in, more rarely with ut, the inf. or absol.

With ad (freq. in Suet.):

aliquem ad virtutem,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 10, 10:

ad arma,

Cic. Marcell. 5, 13:

ad bellum,

Ov. M. 5, 219:

ad deditionem fame,

Suet. Aug. 14; Curt. 9, 1, 19:

ad necem,

Suet. Aug. 66; id. Calig. 23; id. Ner. 35: ad mortem, id. Tib. 56; Quint. 7, 3, 7:

ad confessionem,

Suet. Claud. 15:

ad pugnam,

id. ib. 21:

ad rapinas,

Luc. 7, 99:

ad defectionem,

Curt. 10, 1, 45:

ad laqueum,

Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 12:

ad impudicitiam,

Dig. 1, 6, 2.—

With in:

in hunc sensum compellor injuriis,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 21:

in eundem metum,

Liv. 25, 29, 8:

in socordiam,

Col. 11, 1, 11:

in mortem,

Quint. 7, 3, 7:

in metum,

Tac. H. 2, 27. —

With ut:

callidum senem callidis dolis Conpuli et perpuli, mihi omnia ut crederet,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 4; Suet. Caes. 1; 24; id. Vesp. 2; Tac. Or. 4; Curt. 8, 8, 2. —

With inf.:

aliquem jussa nefanda pati,

Ov. F. 3, 860; Luc. 3, 144; Suet. Tib. 62; id. Dom. 14; Curt. 5, 1, 35; Just. 16, 5; 30, 3; Gai Inst. 2, 237.—

Absol.:

ceteras nationes conterruit, compulit, domuit,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 33:

aliquā indignatione compellendus,

Quint. 9, 4, 138:

ille qui aspellit, is conpellit,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 46; freq. in perf. part.:

periculis compulsus,

Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 11; Caes. B. C. 3, 41; Liv. 27, 30, 3.

compello ( conp-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [1. compello; cf. 2. appello, āre, from 1. appello, ĕre, and jugare, from root of jungo], to accost one.

Without implying reproach, to accost, address (mostly poet.): exin compellare pater me voce videtur his verbis, etc., Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 41 (Ann. v. 45 Vahl.); so, aliquem, id. ap. Gell. 12, 4, 4 (Ann. v. 256 ib.):

aliquem voce,

Verg. A. 5, 161; and:

notis vocibus,

id. ib. 6, 499; cf. Ov. M. 14, 839:

blande hominem,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 72; cf. id. Stich. 2, 1, 43:

familiariter,

id. Men. 2, 3, 23: carmine, * Cat. 64, 24:

talibus agrestem com pellat Oreada dictis,

Ov. M. 8, 787; 12, 585:

Tauream nomine,

Liv. 23, 47, 2; Curt. 4, 13, 20:

aliquem multo honore,

Verg. A. 3, 474:

verbis amicis,

id. ib. 2, 372:

aliquam de stupro,

to invite to unchastity, Val. Max. 6, 1, 2; in like sense absol.:

compellare,

Hyg. Fab. 57.—

In a hostile sense, to address one reproachfully or abusively, to reproach, chide, rebuke, upbraid, abuse, to take to task, call to account (good prose).

In gen.:

mimus nominatim Accium poëtam compellavit in scaenā,

Auct. Her. 1, 14, 24:

neque aspexit mater, quin eum fratricidam impiumque detestans compellaret,

Nep. Timol. 1, 5:

pro cunctatore segnem, pro cauto timidum compellabat,

Liv. 22, 12, 12; 34, 2, 8:

ne compellarer inultus,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 297; 1, 7, 31; id. Ep. 1, 7, 34.—

Esp., jurid. t. t., of authorities, to summon one to answer a charge; or of adversaries, to arraign one before a tribunal, to accuse of crime (cf. 2. appello):

Q. Ciceronem compellat edicto,

Cic. Phil. 3, 7, 17; id. Red. in Sen. 5, 12; 13, 52:

Nigidius minari in contione, se judicem, qui non adfuerit, compellaturum,

id. Att. 2, 2, 3; so id. Phil. 3, 7, 17; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12, 3; Nep. Alcib. 4, 1; Liv. 43, 2, 11; Tac. A. 16, 27; Suet. Caes. 17.

ex or ē (ex always before vowels, and elsewh. more freq. than e; e. g. in Cic. Rep. e occurs 19 times, but ex 61 times, before consonants—but no rule can be given for the usage; cf., e. g., ex and e together:

qui ex corporum vinculis tamquam e carcere evolaverunt,

Cic. Rep. 6, 14. But certain expressions have almost constantly the same form, as ex parte, ex sententia, ex senatus consulto, ex lege, ex tempore, etc.; but e regione, e re nata, e vestigio, e medio, and e republica used adverbially; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, 756 sq.), praep. with abl. [kindr. with Gr. ek, ex], denotes out from the interior of a thing, in opposition to in (cf. ab and de init.), out of, from.

In space.

Prop.:

interea e portu nostra navis solvitur, Ubi portu exiimus, etc.,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 54:

quam (sphaeram) M. Marcelli avus captis Syracusis ex urbe locupletissima atque ornatissima sustulisset, cum aliud nihil ex tanta praeda domum suam deportavisset,

Cic. Rep. 1, 14:

influxit non tenuis quidam e Graecia rivulus in hanc urbem,

id. ib. 2, 19:

visam, ecquae advenerit In portum ex Epheso navis mercatoria,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 2; cf. id. ib. 3, 2, 5;

3, 6, 32 al.: magno de flumine malim quam ex hoc fonticulo tantundem sumere,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 56; cf.:

nec vos de paupere mensa Dona nec e puris spernite fictilibus,

Tib. 1, 1, 38:

clanculum ex aedibus me edidi foras,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 9; so freq. with verbs compounded with ex; also with verbs compounded with ab and de, v. abeo, abscedo, amoveo, aveho, etc.; decedo, deduco, defero, deicio, etc.—

In a downward direction, from, down from, from off:

ex spelunca saxum in crura ejus incidisse,

Cic. Fat. 3, 6; cf. Liv. 35, 21:

picis e caelo demissum flumen,

Lucr. 6, 257:

equestribus proeliis saepe ex equis desiliunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 2, 3; cf.:

cecidisse ex equo dicitur,

Cic. Clu. 62 fin.:

e curru trahitur,

id. Rep. 2, 41:

e curru desilit,

Ov. A. A. 1, 559 et saep., v. cado, decido, decurro, deduco, delabor, elabor, etc.—

In an upward direction, from, above:

collis paululum ex planitie editus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8, 3:

globum terrae eminentem e mari,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 28;

and trop.: consilia erigendae ex tam gravi casu rei publicae,

Liv. 6, 2.—

Transf.

To indicate the country, and, in gen., the place from or out of which any person or thing comes, from:

ex Aethiopia est usque haec,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 18:

quod erat ex eodem municipio,

Cic. Clu. 17, 49; cf. id. ib. 5, 11.—Freq. without a verb:

Philocrates ex Alide,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 2, 10:

ex Aethiopia ancillula,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 85 Ruhnk.:

negotiator ex Africa,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 5:

Epicurei e Graecia,

id. N. D. 1, 21, 58:

Q. Junius ex Hispania quidam,

Caes. B. G. 5, 27:

ex India elephanti,

Liv. 35, 32:

civis Romanus e conventu Panhormitano,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54 Zumpt; cf. id. ib. 2, 5, 59 fin.:

meretrix e proxumo,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 38; cf. id. Aul. 2, 4, 11:

puer ex aula (sc. regis barbari),

Hor. C. 1, 29, 7:

ex spelunca saxum,

Cic. Fat. 3, 6:

saxum ex capitolio,

Liv. 35, 21, 6:

ex equo cadere,

Cic. Clu. 32, 175; cf. id. Fat. 3, 6; Auct. B. Hisp. 15 et saep.—

To indicate the place from which any thing is done or takes place, from, down from: ibi tum derepente ex alto in altum despexit mare, Enn. ap. Non. 518, 6 (for which:

a summo caelo despicere,

Ov. A. A. 2, 87; and:

de vertice montis despicere,

id. M. 11, 503); cf.:

T. Labienus... ex loco superiore conspicatus, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 26, 4:

ex qua (villa) jam audieram fremitum clientium meorum,

Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 3:

ex hoc ipso loco permulta contra legem eam verba fecisti,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; so id. ib. 8 fin.; cf.:

judices aut e plano aut e quaesitoris tribunali admonebat,

Suet. Tib. 33:

ex equo, ex prora, ex puppi pugnare,

Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 202 and 209; cf. Caes. B. G. 2, 27, 3:

ex vinculis causam dicere,

id. ib. 1, 4, 1; Liv. 29, 19.—Hence the adverbial expressions, ex adverso, ex diverso, ex contrario, e regione, ex parte, e vestigio, etc.; v. the words adversus, diversus, etc.—Also, ex itinere, during or on a journey, on the march, without halting, Cic. Fam. 3, 9; Sall. C. 34, 2; Liv. 35, 24; Caes. B. G. 2, 6, 1; 3, 21, 2; id. B. C. 1, 24, 4; Sall. J. 56, 3 al.; cf.

also: ex fuga,

during the flight, Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 6; id. B. C. 3, 95; 96 fin.; Sall. J. 54, 4 Kritz.; Liv. 6, 29; 28, 23 al.

In time.

From a certain point of time, i. e. immediately after, directly after, after (in this sense more freq. than ab):

Cotta ex consulatu est profectus in Galliam,

Cic. Brut. 92, 318; so,

ex consulatu,

Liv. 4, 31 Drak.; 40, 1 fin.; 22, 49; 27, 34; Vell. 2, 33, 1 al.:

ex praetura,

Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 53; id. Mur. 7, 15; Caes. B. C. 1, 22, 4; 1, 31, 2:

ex dictatura,

Liv. 10, 5 fin.:

ex eo magistratu,

Vell. 2, 31 et saep.; cf.:

Agrippa ex Asia (pro consule eam provinciam annuo imperio tenuerat) Moesiae praepositus est,

Tac. H. 3, 46 fin.:

statim e somno lavantur,

id. G. 22:

tanta repente vilitas annonae ex summa inopia et caritate rei frumentariae consecuta est,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 44; cf. Liv. 21, 39:

ex aliquo graviore actu personam deponere,

Quint. 6, 2, 35:

mulier ex partu si, etc.,

Cels. 2, 8:

ex magnis rupibus nactus planitiem,

Caes. B. C. 1, 70, 3; cf.: ex maximo bello tantum otium totae insulae conciliavit, ut, etc., Nop. Timol. 3, 2; and:

ex magna desperatione tandem saluti redditus,

Just. 12, 10, 1 et saep.:

ex quo obses Romae fuit,

since he was a hostage in Rome, Liv. 40, 5 fin. —So the phrase, aliud ex alio, one thing after another:

me quotidie aliud ex alio impedit,

Cic. Fam. 9, 19 fin.; Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 14 (cf. also, alius, D.):

aliam rem ex alia cogitare,

Ter. Eun. 4, 2, 3:

alia ex aliis iniquiora postulando,

Liv. 4, 2.—So, too, diem ex die exspectabam, one day after another, from day to day, Cic. Att. 7, 26 fin.; cf.:

diem ex die ducere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 5 (v. dies, I. A. b.).—

With names of office or calling, to denote one who has completed his term of office, or has relinquished his vocation. So in class. Lat. very dub.;

for the passage,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46, 4, belongs more correctly under III. B. It is, however, very common in post-class. Lat., esp. in inscriptions—ex consule, ex comite, ex duce, ex equite, ex praefecto, etc.— an ex-consul, etc. (for which, without good MS. authority, the nominatives exconsul, excomes, exdux, etc., are sometimes assumed, in analogy with proconsul, and subvillicus; cf. Schneid. Gram. 1, p. 562, note, and the authors there cited):

vir excelsus ex quaestore et ex consule Tribonianus,

Cod. Just. 1, 17, 2, § 9; cf.:

Pupienus et Balbinus, ambo ex consulibus,

Capitol. Gord. 22:

duo ante ipsam aram a Gallicano ex consulibus et Maecenate ex ducibus interempti sunt,

id. ib.:

mandabat Domitiano, ex comite largitionum, praefecto, ut, etc.,

Amm. 14, 7, 9:

Serenianus ex duce,

id. 14, 7, 7:

INLVSTRIS EX PRAEFECTO praeTORIO ET EX PRAEFECTO VRbis,

Inscr. Orell. 2355 al., v. Inscr. Orell. in Indice, p. 525.—

And of a period of life: quem si Constans Imperator olim ex adulto jamque maturum audiret, etc.,

i. e. who had outgrown the period of youth, and was now a man, Amm. 16, 7.—

From and after a given time, from... onward, from, since (cf. ab, II. A. 2.):

bonus volo jam ex hoc die esse,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 10:

itaque ex eo tempore res esse in vadimonium coepit,

Cic. Quint. 5 fin.:

nec vero usquam discedebam, nec a republica deiciebam oculos, ex eo die, quo, etc.,

id. Phil. 1, 1:

ex aeterno tempore,

id. Fin. 1, 6, 17:

ex hoc die,

id. Rep. 1, 16:

motum ex Metello consule civicum tractas,

from the consulship of Metellus, Hor. C. 2, 1, 1:

C. Pompeius Diogenes ex Kalendis Juliis cenaculum locat,

Petr. 38, 10; so usually in forms of hiring; cf. Garaton. Cic. Phil. 2, 39, 100:

ex ea die ad hanc diem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12 fin.:

memoria tenent, me ex Kalendis Januariis ad hanc horam invigilasse rei publicae,

id. Phil. 14, 7, 20.—Esp.: ex quo (sc. tempore), since: [p. 670] octavus annus est, ex quo, etc., Tac. Agr. 33; id. A. 14, 53:

sextus decimus dies agitur, ex quo,

id. H. 1, 29:

sextus mensis est, ex quo,

Curt. 10, 6, 9; Hor. Ep. 11, 5; so,

ex eo,

Tac. A. 12, 7; Suet. Caes. 22:

ex illo,

Ov. F. 5, 670; Stat. Silv. 1, 2, 81.—

Less freq. in specifying a future date (after which something is to be done), from, after:

Romae vereor ne ex Kal. Jan. magni tumultus sint,

Cic. Fam. 16, 9, 3:

hunc judicem ex Kal. Jan. non habemus... ex Kal. Jan. non judicabunt,

id. Verr. 1, 10:

ex Idibus Mart.... ex Idibus Mai.,

id. Att. 5, 21, 9.

In other relations, and in gen. where a going out or forth, a coming or springing out of any thing is conceivable.

With verbs of taking out, or, in gen., of taking, receiving, deriving (both physically and mentally; so of perceiving, comprehending, inquiring, learning, hoping, etc.), away from, from, out of, of:

solem e mundo tollere videntur, qui amicitiam e vita tollunt,

Cic. Lael. 13, 47:

ex omni populo deligendi potestas,

id. Agr. 2, 9, 23:

agro ex hoste capto,

Liv. 41, 14, 3:

cui cum liceret majores ex otio fructus capere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4:

ex populo Romano bona accipere,

Sall. J. 102:

majorem laetitiam ex desiderio bonorum percepimus, quam ex laetitia improborum dolorem,

Cic. Rep. 1, 4:

quaesierat ex me Scipio,

id. ib. 1, 13:

ex te requirunt,

id. ib. 2, 38:

de quo studeo ex te audire, quid sentias,

id. ib. 1, 11 fin.; 1, 30; 1, 46; 2, 38; cf.:

intellexi ex tuis litteris te ex Turannio audisse, etc.,

id. Att. 6, 9, 3:

ex eo cum ab ineunte ejus aetate bene speravissem,

id. Fam. 13, 16 et saep.; cf.:

ex aliqua re aliquid nominare,

id. N. D. 2, 20, 51:

vocare,

Tac. G. 2, 4; cf. id. ib. 4, 55; Sall. J. 5, 4.—

In specifying a multitude from which something is taken, or of which it forms a part, out of, of:

qui ex civitate in senatum, ex senatu in hoc consilium delecti estis,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 3 fin.:

e vectoribus sorte ductus,

id. Rep. 1, 34:

ecquis est ex tanto populo, qui? etc.,

id. Rab. Post. 17:

homo ex numero disertorum postulabat, ut, etc.,

id. de Or. 1, 37, 168: Q. Fulgentius, ex primo hastato (sc. ordine) legionis XIV., i. e. a soldier of the first division of hastati of the 14 th legion, Caes. B. C. 1, 46;

v. hastatus: e barbaris ipsis nulli erant maritimi,

Cic. Rep. 2, 4:

unus ex illis decemviris,

id. ib. 2, 37:

ex omnibus seculis vix tria aut quatuor nominantur paria amicorum,

id. Lael. 4, 15:

aliquis ex vobis,

id. Cael. 3, 7; id. Fam. 13, 1 fin.: id enim ei ex ovo videbatur aurum declarasse;

reliquum, argentum,

this of the egg, id. Div. 2, 65:

quo e collegio (sc. decemvirorum),

id. Rep. 2, 36:

virgines ex sacerdotio Vestae,

Flor. 1, 13, 12:

alia ex hoc quaestu,

Ter. Hec. 5, 1, 29 Ruhnk.; cf.:

fuit eodem ex studio vir eruditus apud patres nostros,

Cic. Mur. 36; Ov. Am. 2, 5, 54; Sen. Ben. 3, 9; id. Ep. 52, 3:

qui sibi detulerat ex latronibus suis principatum,

Cic. Phil. 2, 3:

est tibi ex his, qui assunt, bella copia,

id. Rep. 2, 40:

Batavi non multum ex ripa, sed insulam Rheni amnis colunt,

Tac. G. 29:

acerrimum autem ex omnibus nostris sensibus esse sensum videndi,

Cic. de Or. 2, 87, 357:

ex tribus istis modis rerum publicarum velim scire quod optimum judices,

id. Rep. 1, 30; cf. id. ib. 1, 35 et saep.—

Sometimes a circumlocution for the subject. gen., of (cf. de):

has (turres) altitudo puppium ex barbaris navibus superabat,

Caes. B. G. 3, 14, 4:

album ex ovo cum rosa mixtum,

Cels. 4, 20:

ex fraxino frondes, ex leguminibus paleae,

Col. 7, 3, 21 sq. —

To indicate the material of which any thing is made or consists, of:

fenestrae e viminibus factae,

Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 6; cf.:

statua ex aere facta,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 21; and:

ex eo auro buculam curasse faciendam,

id. Div. 1, 24:

substramen e palea,

Varr. R. R. 3, 10, 4:

pocula ex auro, vas vinarium ex una gemma pergrandi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 27:

monilia e gemmis,

Suet. Calig. 56:

farina ex faba,

Cels. 5, 28:

potiones ex absinthio,

id. ib. et saep.:

Ennius (i. e. statua ejus) constitutus ex marmore,

Cic. Arch. 9 fin.; cf. id. Ac. 2, 31, 100:

(homo) qui ex animo constet et corpore caduco et infirmo,

id. N. D. 1, 35, 98:

natura concreta ex pluribus naturis,

id. ib. 3, 14; id. Rep. 1, 45; id. Ac. 1, 2, 6: cum Epicuro autem hoc est plus negotii, quod e duplici genere voluptatis conjunctus est, id. Fin. 2, 14, 44 et saep.—

To denote technically the material, out of, i. e. with which any thing to eat or drink, etc., is mixed or prepared (esp. freq. of medical preparations):

resinam ex melle Aegyptiam,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 28:

quo pacto ex jure hesterno panem atrum vorent,

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 17:

bibat jejunus ex aqua castoreum,

Cels. 3, 23:

aqua ex lauro decocta,

id. 4, 2; cf.:

farina tritici ex aceto cocta,

Plin. 22, 25, 57, § 120:

pullum hirundinis servatum ex sale,

Cels. 4, 4:

nuclei pinei ex melle, panis vel elota alica ex aqua mulsa (danda est),

id. 4, 7 et saep.—So of the mixing of colors or flavors:

bacae e viridi rubentes,

Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 127:

frutex ramosus, bacis e nigro rufis,

id. ib. §

132: id solum e rubro lacteum traditur,

id. 12, 14, 30, § 52:

e viridi pallens,

id. 37, 8, 33, § 110:

apes ex aureolo variae,

Col. 9, 3, 2:

sucus ex austero dulcis,

Plin. 13, 9, 18, § 62; 21, 8, 26, § 50:

ex dulci acre,

id. 11, 15, 15, § 39; cf.

trop.: erat totus ex fraude et mendacio factus,

Cic. Clu. 26.—

To indicate the cause or reason of any thing, from, through, by, by reason of, on account of:

cum esset ex aere alieno commota civitas,

Cic. Rep. 2, 33:

ex doctrina nobilis et clarus,

id. Rab. Post. 9, 23:

ex vulnere aeger,

id. Rep. 2, 21; cf.:

ex renibus laborare,

id. Tusc. 2, 25:

ex gravitate loci vulgari morbos,

Liv. 25, 26:

ex vino vacillantes, hesterna ex potatione oscitantes,

Quint. 8, 33, 66:

gravida e Pamphilo est,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 11:

credon' tibi hoc, nunc peperisse hanc e Pamphilo?

id. ib. 3, 2, 17:

ex se nati,

Cic. Rep. 1, 35:

ex quodam conceptus,

id. ib. 2, 21:

ex nimia potentia principum oritur interitus principum,

id. ib. 1, 44:

ex hac maxima libertate tyrannis gignitur,

id. ib. et saep.:

ex te duplex nos afficit sollicitudo,

Cic. Brut. 97, 332; cf.:

quoniam tum ex me doluisti, nunc ut duplicetur tuum ex me gaudium, praestabo,

id. Fam. 16, 21, 3:

in spem victoriae adductus ex opportunitate loci,

Sall. J. 48, 2:

veritus ex anni tempore et inopia aquae, ne siti conficeretur exercitus,

id. ib. 50, 1 et saep.:

ex Transalpinis gentibus triumphare,

Cic. Phil. 8, 6, 18; id. Off. 2, 8, 28; cf. id. Fam. 3, 10, 1:

gens Fabia saepe ex opulentissima Etrusca civitate victoriam tulit,

Liv. 2, 50:

ex tam propinquis stativis parum tuta frumentatio erat,

i. e. on account of the proximity of the two camps, Liv. 31, 36:

qua ex causa cum bellum Romanis Sabini intulissent,

Cic. Rep. 2, 7:

hic mihi (credo equidem ex hoc, quod eramus locuti) Africanus se ostendit,

id. ib. 6, 10:

quod ex eo sciri potest, quia, etc.,

id. Tusc. 1, 18 fin.; cf. id. Leg. 1, 15, 43:

causa... fuit ex eo, quod, etc.,

id. Phil. 6, 1:

ex eo fieri, ut, etc.,

id. Lael. 13, 46:

ex quo fit, ut, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 43:

e quo efficitur, non ut, etc.,

id. Fin. 2, 5, 15 et saep.—Sometimes between two substantives without a verb:

non minor ex aqua postea quam ab hostibus clades,

Flor. 4, 10, 8:

ex nausea vomitus,

Cels. 4, 5:

ex hac clade atrox ira,

Liv. 2, 51, 6:

metus ex imperatore, contemptio ex barbaris,

Tac. A. 11, 20:

ex legato timor,

id. Agr. 16 et saep.—

In partic., to indicate that from which any thing derives its name, from, after, on account of:

cui postea Africano cognomen ex virtute fuit,

Sall. J. 5, 4; cf. Flor. 2, 6, 11:

cui (sc. Tarquinio) cognomen Superbo ex moribus datum,

id. 1, 7, 1:

nomen ex vitio positum,

Ov. F. 2, 601:

quarum ex disparibus motionibus magnum annum mathematici nominaverunt,

Cic. N. D. 2, 20; id. Leg. 1, 8; cf. id. Tusc. 4, 12; Plin. 11, 37, 45, § 123:

holosteon sine duritia est, herba ex adverso appellata a Graecis,

id. 27, 10, 65, § 91:

quam urbem e suo nomine Romam jussit nominari,

Cic. Rep. 2, 7:

e nomine (nominibus),

id. ib. 2, 20; Tac. A. 4, 55; id. G. 2; Just. 15, 4, 8; 20, 5, 9 et saep.—

To indicate a transition, i. e. a change, alteration, from one state or condition to another, from, out of:

si possum tranquillum facere ex irato mihi,

Plaut. Cist. 3, 21:

fierent juvenes subito ex infantibus parvis,

Lucr. 1, 186:

dii ex hominibus facti,

Cic. Rep. 2, 10:

ut exsistat ex rege dominus, ex optimatibus factio, ex populo turba et confusio,

id. ib. 1, 45:

nihil est tam miserabile quam ex beato miser,

id. Part. 17; cf.:

ex exsule consul,

id. Manil. 4, 46:

ex perpetuo annuum placuit, ex singulari duplex,

Flor. 1, 9, 2: tua virtute nobis Romanos ex amicis amicissimos fecisti, Sall. J. 10:

ex alto sapore excitati,

Curt. 7, 11, 18.—

Ex (e) re, ex usu or ex injuria, to or for the advantage or injury of any one:

ex tua re non est, ut ego emoriar,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102; 104; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 76: Cervius haec inter vicinus garrit aniles Ex re fabellas, i. e. fitting, suitable, pertinent (= pro commodo, quae cum re proposita conveniant), Hor. S. 2, 6, 78:

aliquid facere bene et e re publica,

for the good, the safety of the state, Cic. Phil. 10, 11, 25:

e (not ex) re publica,

id. ib. 3, 12, 30; 8, 4, 13; id. de Or. 2, 28, 124; id. Fam. 13, 8, 2; Liv. 23, 24; Suet. Caes. 19 et saep.:

exque re publica,

Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38; 5, 13, 36:

non ex usu nostro est,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 60; Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 10; Caes. B. G. 1, 30, 2; 1, 50 fin.; 5, 6 fin. al.; cf.:

ex utilitate,

Plin. Pan. 67, 4; Tac. A. 15, 43:

ex nullius injuria,

Liv. 45, 44, 11.—

To designate the measure or rule, according to, after, in conformity with which any thing is done:

(majores) primum jurare EX SVI ANIMI SENTENTIA quemque voluerunt,

Cic. Ac. 2, 47 fin. (cf. Beier, Cic. Off. 3, 29, 108, and the references):

ex omnium sententia constitutum est, etc.,

id. Clu. 63, 177; cf.:

ex senatus sententia,

id. Fam. 12, 4:

ex collegii sententia,

Liv. 4, 53:

ex amicorum sententia,

id. 40, 29:

ex consilii sententia,

id. 45, 29 et saep.; cf.

also: ex sententia, i. q. ex voluntate,

according to one's wish, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 96: Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 32; Cic. Fam. 12, 10, 2; id. Att. 5, 21 al.;

and, in a like sense: ex mea sententia,

Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 1; id. Merc. 2, 3, 36:

ex senatus consulto,

Cic. Rep. 3, 18; Sall. C. 42 fin.:

ex edicto, ex decreto,

Cic. Fam. 13, 56 fin.; id. Quint. 8, 30:

ex lege,

id. Div. in Caecil. 5, 19; id. Clu. 37, 103; id. Inv. 1, 38, 68: ex jure, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10, 4 (Ann. v. 276 ed. Vahl.); Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Mull.; Cic. Mur. 12, 26; id. de Or. 1, 10, 41:

ex foedere,

Liv. 1, 23 et saep.:

hunccine erat aequum ex illius more, an illum ex hujus vivere?

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 29; so,

ex more,

Sall. J. 61, 3; Verg. A. 5, 244; 8, 186; Ov. M. 14, 156; 15, 593; Plin. Ep. 3, 18; Flor. 4, 2, 79 al.; cf.:

ex consuetudine,

Cic. Clu. 13, 38; Caes. B. G. 1, 52, 4; 4, 32, 1; Sall. J. 71, 4; Quint. 2, 7, 1 al.:

quod esse volunt e virtute, id est honeste vivere,

Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 34:

ex sua libidine moderantur,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 4; cf. Sall. C. 8, 1:

ut magis ex animo rogare nihil possim,

Cic. Fam. 13, 8, 3:

eorum ex ingenio ingenium horum probant,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 42; cf. Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 118; Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A.:

leges ex utilitate communi, non ex scriptione, quae in litteris est, interpretari,

Cic. Inv. 1, 38; cf. id. Lael. 6, 21:

nemo enim illum ex trunco corporis spectabat, sed ex artificio comico aestimabat,

id. Rosc. Com. 10, 28; cf. Sall. C. 10, 5; Caes. B. G. 3, 20, 1; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 4, 2 al.:

ex tuis verbis meum futurum corium pulcrum praedicas,

Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 19; cf. Cic. Fam. 7, 17; id. Att. 1, 3:

nunc quae scribo, scribo ex opinione hominum atque fama,

id. Fam. 12, 4 fin.:

scripsit Tiberio, non ut profugus aut supplex, sed ex memoria prioris fortunae,

Tac. A. 2, 63: quamquam haec quidem res non solum ex domestica est ratione;

attingit etiam bellicam,

Cic. Off. 1, 22, 76; cf. id. Quint. 11; 15 et saep.—E re rata, v. ratus.—

To form adverbial expressions, such as: ex aequo, ex commodo, ex contrario, ex composito, ex confesso, ex destinato, ex diverso, ex facili, etc., ex affluenti, ex continenti;

ex improviso, ex inopinato, etc., v. the words aequus, commodus, etc.

2, 791:

terris ex,

id. 6, 788:

quibus e sumus uniter apti,

id. 3, 839; 5, 949.—E joined with que:

que sacra quercu,

Verg. E. 7, 13.

In composition, ex (cf. dis) before vowels and h, and before c, p, q, t (exagito, exeo, exigo, exoro, exuro, exhaurio; excedo, expello, exquiro, extraho); ef (sometimes ec) before f (effero, effluo, effringo; also in good MSS. ecfero, ecfari, ecfodio), elsewhere e (eblandior, educo, egredior, eicio, eligo, emitto, enitor, evado, eveho). A few exceptions are found, viz., in ex: epoto and epotus as well as expotus, and escendo as well as exscensio; in e: exbibo as well as ebibo; exballisto, exbola; exdorsuo; exfututa as well as effutuo; exfibulo; exlex, etc. After ex in compounds s is [p. 671] often elided in MSS. and edd. Both forms are correct, but the best usage and analogy favor the retaining of the s; so, exsaevio, exsanguis, exscensio, exscindo, exscribo, exsculpo, exseco, exsecror, exsequiae, exsequor, exsero, exsicco, exsilio, exsilium, exsisto, exsolvo, exsomnis, exsorbeo, exsors, exspecto, exspes, exspiro, exspolio, exspuo, exsterno, exstimulo, exstinguo, exstirpo, exsto, exstruo, exsudo, exsugo, exsul, exsulto, exsupero, exsurgo, exsuscito, and some others, with their derivv.; cf. Ribbeck, Prol. Verg. p. 445 sq. Only in escendere and escensio is the elision of x before s sustained by preponderant usage; cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 766.—

Signification.

Primarily and most freq. of place, out or forth: exeo, elabor, educo, evado, etc.; and in an upward direction: emineo, effervesco, effero, erigo, exsurgo, exsulto, extollo, everto, etc.—Hence also, trop., out of ( a former nature), as in effeminare, qs. to change out of his own nature into that of a woman: effero, are, to render wild; thus ex comes to denote privation or negation, Engl. un-: exanimare, excusare, enodare, exonerare, effrenare, egelidus, I., elinguis, elumbis, etc.—

Throughout, to the end: effervesco, effero, elugeo; so in the neuter verbs which in composition (esp. since the Aug. per.) become active: egredior, enavigo, eno, enitor, excedo, etc.—Hence, thoroughly, utterly, completely: elaudare, emori, enecare, evastare, evincere (but eminari and eminatio are false readings for minari and minatio; q. v.); and hence a simple enhancing of the principal idea: edurus, efferus, elamentabilis, egelidus, exacerbo, exaugeo, excolo, edisco, elaboro, etc. In many compounds, however, of post - Aug. and especially of post-class. Latinity this force of ex is no longer distinct; so in appellations of color: exalbidus, exaluminatus, etc.; so in exabusus, exambire, exancillatus, etc. Vid. Hand Turs. II. Pp. 613-662.

foedus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. dhūmas, smoke; cf.: fumus, fīmus, feteo], foul, filthy, loathsome, ugly, unseemly, detestable, abominable, horrible (class.; cf.: deformis, turpis).

Physically:

cimices foedissimum animal,

Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61:

herba odoris foedi,

id. 20, 16, 63, § 171:

odor,

Cels. 2, 8; 5, 28, 3:

facies,

id. 6, 6, 9:

sapor,

Lucr. 2, 401:

species,

id. 2, 421:

nunc eo tibi videtur foedus, quia illam (vestem) non habet,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 17; cf. Quint. 6, 3, 32:

immanissimum et foedissimum monstrum,

Cic. Pis. 14, 31:

foeda fit volucris (sc. bubo),

Ov. M. 5, 549:

caput impexa foedum porrigine,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 126:

foeda nigro simulacra fumo,

id. C. 3, 6, 4:

foeda cicatrix,

id. S. 1, 5, 60:

vulnus,

Ov. M. 12, 366:

tergum recentibus vestigiis vulnerum,

Liv. 2, 23, 7; cf. id. 9, 31, 2:

victus,

Hor. A. P. 392:

loca tetra, inculta, foeda, formidolosa,

Sall. C. 52, 13:

tempestates,

Liv. 25, 7, 7; Verg. G. 1, 323:

foedissima tempestas,

Liv. 29, 18, 5:

incendium,

id. 24, 47, 15.—With dat.:

pestilentia foeda homini, foeda pecori,

destructive, Liv. 3, 32, 2.—In the neutr. absol.:

foedum relatu,

Ov. M. 9, 167; cf.

foediora,

Liv. 3, 69, 2.—

Mentally, disgraceful, base, dishonorable, vile, shameful, infamous, foul, etc.:

quo (tyranno) neque tetrius, neque foedius, nec diis hominibusque invisius animal ullum cogitari potest,

Cic. Rep. 2, 26:

nihil fieri potest miserius, nihil perditius, nihil foedius,

id. Att. 8, 11, 4:

luxuria senectuti foedissima,

id. Off. 1, 34, 123:

homo,

Sall. C. 19, 2:

scriptores carmine foedo Splendida facta linunt,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 236; cf.:

foedissima ludibria,

Quint. 1, 6, 32:

bellum foedissimum,

Cic. Att. 7, 26, 3:

genus interitus,

id. ib. 15, 20, 2:

foedus et perniciosus exitus judicii,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 1:

consilium,

Liv. 26, 38, 4:

facinus,

Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 1:

amor,

Lucr. 4, 1158:

ministeria,

Verg. A. 7, 619:

condiciones,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 15:

fuga ducum,

Val. Fl. 6, 723:

exprobratio,

Plin. 18, 26, 66, § 249:

inconsequentia rerum foedissima,

Quint. 8, 6, 50.—In the neutr. with a subject-clause: ludos vero non facere, quid foedius? (shortly before: quid turpius?) Cic. Att. 15, 10:

versum in oratione fieri multo foedissimum est,

Quint. 9, 4, 72.— Hence, adv.: foede, foully, cruelly, basely, horribly: foede divexarier, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 106 (Trag. Rel. p. 84 Rib.):

aram turparunt sanguine foede,

Lucr. 1, 85:

foede aliquem distrahere,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 1, 14:

laniare crura brachiaque,

Tac. H. 1, 41:

caesa manus juvenum,

Verg. A. 10, 498:

ob admissum foede dictumve superbe,

Lucr. 5, 1224:

servire,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 48: perire Sall. J. 31, 2:

pugnatum est,

Liv. 6, 1, 11:

foedius inde pulsus quam, etc.,

id. 2, 51, 8:

causa agetur foedissime,

Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4.

foedus, ĕris (for foedus, Ennius wrote fidus, acc. to Varr. L. L. 5, § 86 Müll. Archaic form of the gen. plur. foedesum, acc. to Varr. L. L. 7, § 27; v. the letter R), n. [from the root FID; Sanscr. bandh, ligare; v. fido], a league, treaty, compact (cf.: sponsio, pactio).

Polit.:

FOEDERVM, PACIS, BELLI, INDVCIARVM ORATORES FETIALES IVDICESVE SVNTO,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 21; cf. id. Rep. 1, 32:

esse autem tria genera foederum, quibus inter se paciscerentur amicitias civitates regesque,

Liv. 34, 57, 7:

pacem foedusque facere,

Cic. de Sen. 6, 16; cf.:

oratrices pacis et foederis,

id. Rep. 2, 8:

Ambiorigem sibi societate et foedere adjungunt,

Caes. B. G. 6, 2, 2:

ne societates, ne foedera nova acciperemus,

Sall. J. 14, 18:

societatem foedere confirmare,

Cic. Phil. 2, 35, 89:

quibus (foederibus) etiam cum hoste devincitur fides,

id. Off. 3, 31, 111:

amicitiam et foedus petere, Sall J. 104, 4: foedus facere cum aliquibus,

Cic. Inv. 2, 30, 91; so,

foedus facere,

id. Rep. 3, 18; Caes. B. C. 3, 108, 3; Sall. J. 38, 9 al.: ferire, icere, pangere, percutere, v. h. vv.: de foedere decedere, Cato ap. Gell. 10, 1, 10:

foedera negligere, violare, rumpere,

Cic. Balb. 5, 13; cf.:

sociorum nominisque Latini jura negligere ac foedera,

id. Rep. 3, 29:

rumpere,

Auct. Her. 4, 14, 20; Liv. 9, 1; 21, 10:

violare,

Cic. Rep. 1, 19; Liv. 28, 44, 7:

rescindere,

Vell. 2, 90, 3:

solvere,

Verg. A. 10, 91:

turbare,

id. ib. 12, 633:

contra foedus facere,

Cic. Balb. 4, 10; Gell. 10, 1, 10:

foedus aequum dare,

Liv. 23, 5, 9 (for which:

ex aequo venire in amicitiam,

id. 7, 30, 2); cf.:

foedere iniquo alligari,

id. 35, 46, 10:

ex foedere,

according to agreement, id. 1, 23, 7; 8, 39, 13. —

Transf., beyond the polit. sphere, in gen., a compact, covenant, agreement, stipulation, bargain:

foedus fecerunt cum tribuno plebis palam, ut ab eo provincias acciperent, quas ipsi vellent, etc.,

Cic. Sest. 10, 24; cf.:

foedus frangere,

id. Pis. 12, 28:

inter se facere,

id. Fin. 2, 26, 83:

amorum turpissimorum foedera ferire,

id. Cael. 14, 34:

amicitiae,

Ov. Tr. 3, 6, 1:

hospitii,

Just. 7, 3:

thalami,

i. e. marriage contract, marriage, Ov. M. 7, 403; so,

vitae,

Stat. Th. 2, 112:

communia studii,

Ov. P. 4, 13, 43.—

Poet., of inanim. and abstr. things, a law:

continuo has leges aeternaque foedera certis Inposuit natura locis,

Verg. G. 1, 60:

omnes Foedere naturae certo discrimina servant,

Lucr. 5, 924; 5, 57; 6, 906:

foedere certo et premere et laxas dare habenas,

Verg. A. 1, 62:

neve potentis naturae pollue foedus,

Ov. M. 10, 353: caeli foedera, Col. Poët. 10, 219.

fūlīgo, ĭnis, f. [cf. fumus; v. Fick, Vergl. Wörterb. p. 104], soot.

Lit.:

os oblitum fuligine,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 36:

quasi fuligine abstersa,

Cic. Phil. 2, 36, 91; Col. 11, 3, 60; Verg. E. 7, 50:

lucubrationum bibenda,

Quint. 11, 3, 23:

(haerens) nigro fuligo Maroni,

Juv. 7, 227.—

Transf., black paint (= stibium):

supercilium madidā fuligine tactum,

Juv. 2, 93.—

Trop., paint:

atra verborum et argutiarum fuligine ob oculos audientium jacta,

Gell. 1, 2, 7.

in-fusco, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to make dark or dusky, to darken, obscure.

Lit.:

humida fulmina non urunt sed infuscant,

Plin. 2, 51, 52, § 137:

aquā infuscatā atramento,

id. 9, 29, 45, § 84;

Vict. Orig. Gentis R. 14: vellera,

Verg. G. 3, 389:

harenam sanie,

id. ib. 493:

rufum colorem nigro,

Gell. 2, 26, 8.— Transf.:

vinum,

to dilute wine, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 21:

saporem,

to spoil the taste, Col. 12, 19, 2: sonum, to obscure or lower the voice, Plin. 10, 29, 43, § 82: vox non infuscata, Sen. praef. Contr. 1 med. —

Trop., to obscure, sully, stain, tarnish:

metuo ne quid infuscaverit,

lest he do some mischief, Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 46:

nec eos aliqua barbaries domestica infuscaverat,

Cic. Brut. 74, 258:

vicinitas non infuscata malevolentiā,

id. Planc. 9, 22:

gloriosam militiam,

Just. 12, 11:

victoriae gloriam saevitiae macula,

id. 12, 5:

jus pietatis,

Calp. Declam. 24.

in-surgo, surrexi, rectum, 3, v. n.

To rise upon, to rise up or to: insurgite remis, rise on your oars, i. e. ply your oars vigorously, Verg. A. 3, 560; 3, 207; 5, 189; so,

remis insurgitur,

Val. Fl. 2, 14:

insurgit transtris,

id. ib. 1, 450:

nigro glomerari pulvere nubem Prospiciunt Teucri, ac tenebras insurgere campis,

Verg. A. 9, 33:

sibilat insurgens capiti,

raising its head, Sil. 10, 546.—

With acc.:

jugum (i. q. in jugum),

App. M. 1, p. 103.—

To raise one ' s self, to rise, mount:

insurgat Aquilo,

Hor. Epod. 10, 7:

si forte prolapsus est, attolli et insurgere haud licitum,

Tac. G. 39, 8:

altior insurgens et cursu concitus heros,

Verg. A. 12, 902:

et (serpens) sibilat ore, Arduus insurgens,

id. ib. 11, 755:

acuta silex Speluncae dorso insurgens,

id. ib. 8, 233:

inde colles insurgunt,

Liv. 22, 4, 2:

pone tergum insurgebat silva,

Tac. A. 2, 16; so in fight, to rise for a blow:

ostendit dextram insurgens Entellus,

Verg. A. 5, 443:

altior,

Sil. 5, 294. —

Transf.

To rise, grow in power: insurgere regnis alicujus, to rise against, i. e. to aim at seizing one ' s kingdom, Ov. M. 9, 444:

Caesar insurgere paulatim,

Tac. A. 1, 2:

Romanas opes insurgere,

id. ib. 11, 16. —

Of waters, floods:

vastius insurgens decimae ruit impetus undae,

Ov. M. 11, 530: Atax usque eo solitus insurgere, ut se ipse non capiat, Mel. 2, 6, 6.—

To arise:

insurgunt fremitus,

Val. Fl. 2, 82. —

To rise up, to rouse or bestir one ' s self:

invigilare publicis utilitatibus et insurgere,

Plin. Pan. 66, 2.—

Of speech, to rise above the level of ordinary language, to become sublime:

Horatius insurgit aliquando,

Quint. 10, 1, 96:

augeri debent sententiae, et insurgere,

id. 9, 4, 23:

haec sunt, quibus mens pariter et oratio insurgant,

id. 12, 2, 28; id. 11, 3, 13.

jūs, jūris, n. [kindred to Sanscr. yūsh, the same; cf. Gr. zômos], broth, soup, sauce (class.):

cum una multa jura confundit cocus,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 120:

quo pacto ex jure hesterno panem atrum vorent,

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 17:

in jus vocat pisces cocus,

Varr. R. R. 3, 9:

negavit, se jure illo nigro delectatum,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98:

in ea cena cocus meus praeter jus fervens nihil potuit imitari,

id. Fam. 9, 20, 2:

tepidum,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 81:

male conditum,

id. ib. 2, 8, 69.—In a sarcastic lusus verbb.: Verrinum, hog-broth, or the justice of Verres, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 121.—

Transf., juice, mixture:

addita creta in jus idem,

the juice of the purple-fish, Plin. 35, 6, 26, § 44.

jūs, jūris ( gen. plur. jurum for jurium, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 86; Cato ap. Charis. p. 72 and 109 P.:

juribus,

Dig. 13, 5, 3, § 1; Charis. p. 19: jure, arch. dat., Liv. 42, 28, 6; Corp. Ins. Lat. 198, 31), n. [kindred with Sanscr. yu, to join; cf. zeugnumi, jungo, qs. the binding, obliging; cf. lex from ligo], right, law, justice.

Lit. (class.; in plur. very rare, except in nom. and acc.), that which is binding or obligatory; that which is binding by its nature, right, justice, duty:

juris praecepta sunt haec, honeste vivere, alterum non laedere, suum cuique tribuere,

Just. Inst. 1, 1, 3: jus naturale est quod natura omnia animalia docuit...videmus etenim cetera quoque animalia istius juris perita censeri, Dig. 1, 1, 1, § 3; Just. Inst. 1, 2 prooem.: omnes boni ipsam aequitatem et jus ipsum amant;

per se jus est appetendum,

Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48: Gy. Amabo, hicine istuc decet? Le. Jusque fasque est, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 20:

jus hic orat,

id. Trin. 5, 2, 37; id. Ps. 1, 5, 123:

omnium legum atque jurium fictor, conditor cluet,

id. Ep. 3, 4, 90:

jus hominum situm est in generis humani societate,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

tenere,

id. Caecin. 11:

obtinere,

to maintain, id. Quint. 9:

de jure alicui respondere,

to lay down the law, id. de Or. 2, 33, 142:

respondere,

id. Leg. 1, 4, 12: dicere, to pronounce judgment, give a judicial decision, as, e. g. the prætor:

a Volcatio, qui Romae jus dicit,

id. Fam. 13, 14; Verg. A. 7, 246; cf.:

jura dare,

id. ib. 1, 507:

praetor quoque jus reddere dicitur, etiam cum inique decernit,

Dig. 1, 1, 11: quid dubitas dare mihi argentum? S. Jus petis, fateor, you ask what is right, reasonable, Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 16:

jus publicum,

common right, Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 65:

jura communia,

equal rights, Cic. Div. 1, 5:

divina ac humana,

id. Off. 1, 26:

belli,

id. Div. 2, 77:

gentium,

the law of nations, id. Off. 3, 5:

quod naturalis ratio inter omnes homines constituit, id apud omnes populos peraeque custoditur, vocaturque jus gentium,

Gai. Inst. 1, 1:

civile,

the civil law, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 109: quod quisque populus ipse sibi jus constituit, id ipsius proprium est vocaturque jus civile, Gai Inst. 1, 1:

pontificium,

Cic. Dom. 13, 34:

praediatorium,

id. Balb. 20:

conjugialia,

Ov. M. 6, 536:

jus est, apponi pernam frigidam,

Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 26:

jus fasque est,

human and divine right, id. Cist. 1, 1, 22:

juris nodos solvere,

Juv. 8, 50.— Abl.: jūrĕ, adverb., with justice, justly:

jure in eum animadverteretur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 8, § 19:

jure ac merito,

id. ib. 2, 5, 67, § 172; id. Cat. 3, 6, 14; Juv. 2, 34:

et jure fortasse,

id. Tusc. 3, 12, 26:

et fortasse suo jure,

id. Fin. 5, 2, 4:

te ipse, jure optimo, merito incuses licet,

with perfect justice, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 24:

optimo jure,

Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf.: pleno jure, Gai Inst. 1, 5, 14:

justo jure,

Liv. 21, 3, 4; cf.

opp. to injuria: non quaero, jure an injuria sint inimici,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 150: summum jus, the extremity or utmost rigor of the law:

non agam summo jure tecum,

id. ib. 2, 5, 2, §

4: ex quo illud, Summum jus, summa injuria, factum est jam tritum sermone proverbium,

id. Off. 1, 10, 33;

so opp. (aequum et bonum habere quod defendant), si contra verbis et litteris, et, ut dici solet, summo jure contenditur,

id. Caecin. 23, 65.

Transf.

A place where justice is administered, a court of justice:

in jus ambula,

come before a magistrate, Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 22; Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 43:

in jus ire,

Nep. Att. 6, 4:

cum ad praetorem in jus adissemus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 65, § 147:

in jus acres procurrunt,

Hor. S. 1, 7, 20:

aliquem in jus vocare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 76, § 187; Hor. S. 2, 5, 29:

aliquem in jus rapere,

id. ib. 1, 9, 77;

2, 3, 72: trahere,

Juv. 10, 87.—

Justice, justness of a thing:

absolverunt, admiratione magis virtutis, quam jure causae,

Liv. 1, 26.—

Legal right, power, authority, permission:

cum plebe agendi,

Cic. Leg. 2, 12, 31:

materiae caedendae,

Liv. 5, 55.—Of particular rights: jus eundi, a right of way, Gai Inst. 2, 31:

jus agendi, aquamve ducendi,

id. ib.:

altius tollendi vel prospiciendi,

id. ib. 4, 3: jus civitatis, the right to obtain the privileges of citizenship (cf. civitas;

v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 640),

Cic. Arch. 5, 11; id. Caecin. 34, 98; 35, 102; id. Verr. 2, 4, 11,§ 26:

jus capiendi,

Juv. 1, 56:

testandi,

id. 16, 51; cf. 6, 217: jus trium liberorum, Sen. ap. Lact. 1, 16, 10:

patrium,

the power of life and death over their children, Liv. 1, 26:

homines recipere in jus dicionemque,

id. 21, 61:

sub jus judiciumque regis venire,

id. 39, 24:

(homo) sui juris,

his own master, independent, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 7, § 18:

jus ad mulieres,

over the women, Plaut. Cas. 2, 2, 22:

ut eodem jure essent, quo fuissent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 6, § 13; cf.:

melius, quod nil animis in corpora juris natura indulget,

Juv. 2, 139.— The legal forms of the old jurists:

jus Flavianum,

Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 7.

jūs, jūris, n. [kindred to Sanscr. yūsh, the same; cf. Gr. zômos], broth, soup, sauce (class.):

cum una multa jura confundit cocus,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 120:

quo pacto ex jure hesterno panem atrum vorent,

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 17:

in jus vocat pisces cocus,

Varr. R. R. 3, 9:

negavit, se jure illo nigro delectatum,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98:

in ea cena cocus meus praeter jus fervens nihil potuit imitari,

id. Fam. 9, 20, 2:

tepidum,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 81:

male conditum,

id. ib. 2, 8, 69.—In a sarcastic lusus verbb.: Verrinum, hog-broth, or the justice of Verres, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 121.—

Transf., juice, mixture:

addita creta in jus idem,

the juice of the purple-fish, Plin. 35, 6, 26, § 44.

jūs, jūris ( gen. plur. jurum for jurium, Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 86; Cato ap. Charis. p. 72 and 109 P.:

juribus,

Dig. 13, 5, 3, § 1; Charis. p. 19: jure, arch. dat., Liv. 42, 28, 6; Corp. Ins. Lat. 198, 31), n. [kindred with Sanscr. yu, to join; cf. zeugnumi, jungo, qs. the binding, obliging; cf. lex from ligo], right, law, justice.

Lit. (class.; in plur. very rare, except in nom. and acc.), that which is binding or obligatory; that which is binding by its nature, right, justice, duty:

juris praecepta sunt haec, honeste vivere, alterum non laedere, suum cuique tribuere,

Just. Inst. 1, 1, 3: jus naturale est quod natura omnia animalia docuit...videmus etenim cetera quoque animalia istius juris perita censeri, Dig. 1, 1, 1, § 3; Just. Inst. 1, 2 prooem.: omnes boni ipsam aequitatem et jus ipsum amant;

per se jus est appetendum,

Cic. Leg. 1, 18, 48: Gy. Amabo, hicine istuc decet? Le. Jusque fasque est, Plaut. As. 1, 1, 20:

jus hic orat,

id. Trin. 5, 2, 37; id. Ps. 1, 5, 123:

omnium legum atque jurium fictor, conditor cluet,

id. Ep. 3, 4, 90:

jus hominum situm est in generis humani societate,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 26, 64:

tenere,

id. Caecin. 11:

obtinere,

to maintain, id. Quint. 9:

de jure alicui respondere,

to lay down the law, id. de Or. 2, 33, 142:

respondere,

id. Leg. 1, 4, 12: dicere, to pronounce judgment, give a judicial decision, as, e. g. the prætor:

a Volcatio, qui Romae jus dicit,

id. Fam. 13, 14; Verg. A. 7, 246; cf.:

jura dare,

id. ib. 1, 507:

praetor quoque jus reddere dicitur, etiam cum inique decernit,

Dig. 1, 1, 11: quid dubitas dare mihi argentum? S. Jus petis, fateor, you ask what is right, reasonable, Plaut. Ps. 5, 2, 16:

jus publicum,

common right, Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 65:

jura communia,

equal rights, Cic. Div. 1, 5:

divina ac humana,

id. Off. 1, 26:

belli,

id. Div. 2, 77:

gentium,

the law of nations, id. Off. 3, 5:

quod naturalis ratio inter omnes homines constituit, id apud omnes populos peraeque custoditur, vocaturque jus gentium,

Gai. Inst. 1, 1:

civile,

the civil law, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 109: quod quisque populus ipse sibi jus constituit, id ipsius proprium est vocaturque jus civile, Gai Inst. 1, 1:

pontificium,

Cic. Dom. 13, 34:

praediatorium,

id. Balb. 20:

conjugialia,

Ov. M. 6, 536:

jus est, apponi pernam frigidam,

Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 26:

jus fasque est,

human and divine right, id. Cist. 1, 1, 22:

juris nodos solvere,

Juv. 8, 50.— Abl.: jūrĕ, adverb., with justice, justly:

jure in eum animadverteretur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 8, § 19:

jure ac merito,

id. ib. 2, 5, 67, § 172; id. Cat. 3, 6, 14; Juv. 2, 34:

et jure fortasse,

id. Tusc. 3, 12, 26:

et fortasse suo jure,

id. Fin. 5, 2, 4:

te ipse, jure optimo, merito incuses licet,

with perfect justice, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 24:

optimo jure,

Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf.: pleno jure, Gai Inst. 1, 5, 14:

justo jure,

Liv. 21, 3, 4; cf.

opp. to injuria: non quaero, jure an injuria sint inimici,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 61, § 150: summum jus, the extremity or utmost rigor of the law:

non agam summo jure tecum,

id. ib. 2, 5, 2, §

4: ex quo illud, Summum jus, summa injuria, factum est jam tritum sermone proverbium,

id. Off. 1, 10, 33;

so opp. (aequum et bonum habere quod defendant), si contra verbis et litteris, et, ut dici solet, summo jure contenditur,

id. Caecin. 23, 65.

Transf.

A place where justice is administered, a court of justice:

in jus ambula,

come before a magistrate, Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 22; Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 43:

in jus ire,

Nep. Att. 6, 4:

cum ad praetorem in jus adissemus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 65, § 147:

in jus acres procurrunt,

Hor. S. 1, 7, 20:

aliquem in jus vocare,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 76, § 187; Hor. S. 2, 5, 29:

aliquem in jus rapere,

id. ib. 1, 9, 77;

2, 3, 72: trahere,

Juv. 10, 87.—

Justice, justness of a thing:

absolverunt, admiratione magis virtutis, quam jure causae,

Liv. 1, 26.—

Legal right, power, authority, permission:

cum plebe agendi,

Cic. Leg. 2, 12, 31:

materiae caedendae,

Liv. 5, 55.—Of particular rights: jus eundi, a right of way, Gai Inst. 2, 31:

jus agendi, aquamve ducendi,

id. ib.:

altius tollendi vel prospiciendi,

id. ib. 4, 3: jus civitatis, the right to obtain the privileges of citizenship (cf. civitas;

v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 640),

Cic. Arch. 5, 11; id. Caecin. 34, 98; 35, 102; id. Verr. 2, 4, 11,§ 26:

jus capiendi,

Juv. 1, 56:

testandi,

id. 16, 51; cf. 6, 217: jus trium liberorum, Sen. ap. Lact. 1, 16, 10:

patrium,

the power of life and death over their children, Liv. 1, 26:

homines recipere in jus dicionemque,

id. 21, 61:

sub jus judiciumque regis venire,

id. 39, 24:

(homo) sui juris,

his own master, independent, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 7, § 18:

jus ad mulieres,

over the women, Plaut. Cas. 2, 2, 22:

ut eodem jure essent, quo fuissent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 6, § 13; cf.:

melius, quod nil animis in corpora juris natura indulget,

Juv. 2, 139.— The legal forms of the old jurists:

jus Flavianum,

Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 7.

nūbes, is, f. (ante-class. collat. form, nūbis, is, m.:

nubis ater,

Plaut. Merc. 5 2, 38: nubs for nubes, Liv. Andron. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 10, 636; cf. Aus. Idyll. de Monosyll. Hist. 12, 4) [Sanscr. nabhas, vapor, cloud; Gr. nephos, nephelê; Lat. nubilus, nebula; cf. nimbus, nubo], a cloud.

Lit.:

aër concretus in nubes cogitur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 101: id. Ac. 2, 22, 70:

atra nubes Condidit lunam,

Hor. C. 2, 16, 2:

candida,

Vulg. Apoc. 14, 14:

aestivis effusus nubibus imber,

Verg. G. 4, 312; Ov. M. 8, 339:

venti nubes abigunt,

Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 126:

nube deprendere volucrem jaculis,

to bring down a bird from the sky, Sil. 16, 566:

usque ad nubes,

up to heaven, Vulg. Psa. 35, 6; id. Jer. 51, 9.— Poet.:

Sabaeae nubes,

the smoke of frankincense, Stat. S. 4, 8, 2.—

Transf.

A cloud, a dark spot:

sudare nubemque discutere,

i. e. by the breath, Plin. 33, 8, 44, § 127:

crystalla infestantur plurimis vitiis, maculosā nube, etc.,

id. 37, 2, 10, § 28.—

A cloud, thick multitude, dense mass, swarm:

locustarum tantae nubes,

Liv. 42, 10, 7:

Pomptinum velut nubibus locustarum coopertum,

id. 42, 2, 4:

levium telorum,

id. 38, 26:

obruti velut nube jaculorum a Balearibus conjectā,

id. 21, 55, 6:

peditum equitumque,

id. 35, 49:

(volucrum),

Verg. A. 12, 254:

nigro glomeratur pulvere nubes,

id. ib. 9, 33:

muscarum,

Plin. 29, 6, 34, § 106:

pulveris,

Curt. 4, 15, 32:

(volucrum) nubem sonoram,

Juv. 13, 167:

farrea nubes, i. e. porrigo capitis, furfures,

Ser. Samm. 3, 34:

nubes testium,

Vulg. Hebr. 12, 1.— [p. 1222]

Trop.

A cloud, for something unreal or unsubstantial, a phantom:

nubes et inania captare,

Hor. A. P. 230.—

Cloudiness, of a gloomy countenance, of sleep, of drunkenness, of blindness ( poet.):

deme supercilio nubem,

Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 94; Sil. 8, 612:

meri,

Val. Fl. 3, 65:

soporis,

Stat. Achill. 1, 646:

mortis,

id. S. 4, 6, 72:

frontis opacae,

id. Th. 4, 512.—

A gloomy or mournful condition:

pars vitae tristi cetera nube vacet,

Ov. Tr. 5, 5, 22:

omni detersus pectora nube,

Stat. S. 1, 3, 109.—

A veil, obscurity, concealment:

fraudibus obice nubem,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 62.—

A cloud, storm-cloud, i. e. a threatening appearance or approach of misfortune, war:

nubem belli, dum detonet omnis, Sustinet,

Verg. A. 10, 809:

consurgens in Italiā nubes trucis et cruenti belli,

Just. 29, 3.

pulvis, ĕris (nom. pulver, App. Herb. 35; Theod. Prisc. 1, 30; 2, 32; cf. Prisc. p. 707 P.), m. ( fem., Enn. ap. Non. 217, 11 sq.; Prop. 1, 22, 6; 2, 13, 35 (3, 5, 19);

and also,

masc., id. 1, 17, 23; 1, 19, 6; 4 (5), 9, 31).

Lit., dust, powder: jamque fere pulvis ad caelum vasta videtur, Enn. ap. Non. 217, 11 (Ann. v. 286 Vahl.): fulva, id. ap. Non. 217, 13 (Ann. v. 319 ib.):

si multus erat in calceis pulvis,

Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 47; Lucr. 3, 381:

pulveris nebula,

id. 5, 254:

Romani pulveris vim magnam animadvortunt,

Sall. J. 53, 1; Caes. B. C. 2, 26:

qui (ventus) nubes pulveris vehit,

Liv. 22, 43:

prospectum oculorum nubes pulveris abstulerat,

Curt. 4, 15, 32; 5, 13, 12; Sil. 2, 174:

subitam nigro glomerari pulvere nubem Prospiciunt,

Verg. A. 9, 33:

pulvis collectus turbine,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 31:

pulverem Olympicum Collegisse,

id. C. 1, 1, 3:

crinis pulvere collines,

id. ib. 1, 15, 20:

pulvere sparsi juvenes,

Phaedr. 4, 24, 22:

tum caeco pulvere campus Miscetur,

Verg. A. 12, 444:

pulverem excutere,

Ov. A. A. 1, 150:

sedare,

Phaedr. 2, 5, 18:

movere,

Quint. 5, 10, 81:

excitare,

Col. Arb. 12:

glaebam in pulverem resolvere,

id. 11, 2, 60: eruditus, the dust or sand in which mathematicians drew their figures, Cic. N. D. 2, 18, 48; cf. id. Tusc. 5, 23, 64:

formas in pulvere describere,

Liv. 25, 31; Pers. 1, 131:

amomi,

dust, powder, Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 69:

carbonis,

coal-dust, id. A. A. 3, 628. — Poet.:

Etrusca,

i. e. soil, Prop. 1, 22, 6; so of potters' earth, Mart. 14, 1021; 1141; of volcanic ashes:

Puteolanus,

pozzolana, Stat. S. 4, 3, 53; Sen. Q. N. 3, 20, 3; Plin. 35, 13, 47, § 166.—Of the dust or ashes of the dead:

pulvis et umbra sumus,

Hor. C. 4, 7, 16 al.; cf.:

pulvis es et in pulverem reverteris,

Vulg. Gen. 3, 19:

hibernus,

i. e. a dry winter, Verg. G. 1, 101.—Esp.: pulvis belli, war:

formosus pulvere belli,

Mart. 8, 65, 3:

duces Non indecoro pulvere sordidi,

Hor. C. 2, 1, 22:

in pulverem Martium tractus,

Amm. 16, 1, 5:

exercitus pulvere coalitus Martio,

id. 21, 12, 22.—In plur.:

novendiales,

Hor. Epod. 17, 48:

cineris pulveres,

Pall. 3, 25, 14 (cf. id. 11, 14, 15):

pulverum mole degravante,

Plin. 11, 24, 28, § 83; cf. Gell. 19, 8, 13:

natio ad pulveres Martios erudita,

Amm. 23, 6, 83.—Prov.: sulcos in pulvere ducere, to draw furrows in the sand, i. e. to give one's self useless trouble, Juv. 7, 48: pulverem ob oculos aspergere, to throw dust in one's eyes, i. e. to deceive, Gell. 5, 21, 4.—

Transf.

A place of contest, arena, lists: domitant in pulvere currus, Verg. A. 7, 163; Mart. 12, 83.—

In gen., a scene of action, field (cf. arena):

doctrinam ex umbraculis eruditorum in solem atque pulverem produxit,

i. e. before the public, Cic. Leg. 3, 6, 14; cf. Hor. C. 1, 8, 4:

educenda dictio est in agmen, in pulverem,

Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 157:

forensis pulvis,

Quint. 10, 1, 33:

inque suo noster pulvere currat equus,

on his own field, within his own territory, Ov. F. 2, 360.—

Toil, effort, labor ( poet.):

cui sit condicio dulcis sine pulvere palmae,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 51.

sal, sălis ( neutr. collat. form of the nom. sălĕ, Enn. ap. Gell. 2, 26, or Ann. v. 378 Vahl.; Varr. ap. Non. 223, 17; also, in the regular form sometimes neutr. in sing., v. infra, I.; but plur. always sales, m.; cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 697 sq.; dat. plur.: infusis salis, Fabian. ap. Charis. p. 82 P.), m. [root sal-, to stream, flow; cf. hals; perh. also found in insula, salix].

Lit., salt.

Masc.: ex sale, qui apud Carthaginienses fit, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 659 P.:

salem candidum sic facito,

id. R. R. 88; Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 8; Col. 6, 17, 7; 8, 6 Schneid. N. cr.; 12, 6, 2; 12, 21, 2 al.; Plin. 31, 7, 39, § 73; Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 95; id. Curc. 4, 4, 6; id. Pers. 3, 3, 25; Sall. Fragm. ap. Charis. p. 82 P., and ap. Prisc. p. 644 ib.; Hor. S. 1, 5, 46 et saep.—Prov.:

salem cum pane edit,

Plin. 31, 8, 41, § 89.—

Neutr.: nunc vides in conviviis ita poni et sal et mel, Varr. ap. Charis. p. 82 P.; so, aliud, Fabian. ib. p. 82 P.;

tritum,

Veg. 2, 24, 4 al.; v. also infra, II.—

Doubtful gen.:

multos modios salis,

Cic. Lael. 19, 67:

(caseum) parco sale reponunt,

Verg. G. 3, 403; Caes. B. C. 2, 37:

salis vendendi arbitrium,

Liv. 29, 6; 45, 29; Hor. S. 1, 3, 14; 2, 2, 17; 2, 4, 74; Col. 7, 8, 5; Cels. 2, 24; Plin. 31, 7, 42, § 91.—

Plur.:

quin aspergi solent sales: melior fossilis quam marinus,

Varr. R. R. 2, 11, 6; Col. 7, 4, 8; 8, 6, 1; Pall. 9, 2 Mai; id. Nov. 19; Fabian. ap. Charis. p. 82 P.; Ov. M. 15, 286.—

Meton.

Poet., the salt water, brine, sea.

Sing., Enn. 1. 1.:

supra rorem salis edita pars est remorum,

Lucr. 4, 438:

et sale tabentes artus in litore ponunt,

Verg. A. 1, 173; 1, 35; 3, 385; 5, 848; 5, 866; 6, 697; 10, 214; Ov. P. 1, 1, 70; Val. Fl. 4, 722.—

Plur.:

sales amari,

Ov. M. 15, 286:

aequorei,

Luc. 10, 257.—

A speck on precious stones shaped like a grain of salt. — Sing.:

sal,

Plin. 37, 6, 22, § 83; 37, 8, 37, § 117; 37, 2, 10, § 28.— Plur.:

sales,

Plin. 37, 2, 8, § 22.—

Trop.

Intellectual acuteness, good sense, shrewdness, cunning, wit, facetiousness, sarcasm, a witticism, witty saying (class. in sing. and plur.;

syn.: lepos, facetiae, festivitas): (sal) adeo necessarium elementum est, ut transierit intellectus ad voluptates animi quoque. Nam ita sales appellantur, omnisque vitae lepos et summa hilaritas laborumque requies non alio magis vocabulo constat,

Plin. 31, 7, 41, § 88.

Sing.:

qui habet salem, quod in te est,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 10; cf.:

nulla venustas, Nulla in tam magno est corpore mica salis,

Cat. 86, 4:

Caesar inusitatum nostris oratoribus leporem quendam et salem est consecutus,

Cic. de Or. 2, 23, 98; cf. id. N. D. 2, 29, 74:

sale vero et facetiis Caesar vicit omnis,

id. Off. 1, 37, 133:

(litterae) tum humanitatis sparsae sale,

id. Att. 1, 13, 1:

qui (versus) dum denique habent salem ac leporem,

Cat. 16, 7:

P. Scipio omnes sale facetiisque superabat,

Cic. Brut. 34, 128; cf.:

argutiae facetissimi salis,

Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 117:

salis satis est, sannionum parum, Cic Fam. 9, 16, 10: in quo mihi videtur specimen fuisse humanitatis, salis, suavitatis, leporis,

id. Tusc. 5, 19, 55:

(Lucilius) sale multo Urbem defricuit,

Hor. S. 1, 10, 3; cf.

of the same: acerbitas et abundantia salis,

Quint. 10, 1, 94:

hic delectatur iambis, Ille Bioneïs sermonibus et sale nigro,

i. e. biting wit, sarcasm, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 60; Cat. 13, 5:

qui plurimum in scribendo et salis haberet et fellis nec candoris minus,

Plin. Ep. 3, 21, 1. —

Neutr. (ante-class.): quicquid loquitur, sal merum est, Afran. ap. Prisc. p. 659 P.; so, (puella) Charitôn mia, tota merum sal, Lucr. 4, 1162.—

Plur.:

Romani veteres atque urbani sales,

Cic. Fam. 9, 15, 2:

vestri proavi Plautinos Laudavere sales,

Hor. A. P. 271; Sen. Vit. Beat. 27, 2:

periculosi sales,

id. Tranq. 1, 4:

libaboque tuos, scite Menandre, sales,

Prop. 3 (4), 21, 28:

huic generi orationis aspergentur etiam sales, qui in dicendo minimum quantum valent: quorum duo genera sunt, unum facetiarum, alterum dicacitatis,

Cic. Or. 26, 87; cf. Quint. 6, 3, 15; 10, 1, 117:

(Ciceronem) in salibus aliquando frigidum,

id. 12, 10, 12:

a salibus suffusis felle refugi,

Ov. Tr. 2, 565:

protervi sales,

Stat. S. 1, 6, 6:

salibus vehemens intra pomoeria natis,

Juv. 9, 11.—

(Borrowed from the use of salt as a relish.) Good taste, elegance:

tectum antiquitus constitutum plus salis quam sumptūs habebat,

Nep. Att. 13, 2.—

Sharpness, pungency, stimulus, incentive:

quae (sc. calor, sanguis) aviditatem naturali sale augent,

Plin. 10, 72, 93, § 198.