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—

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ăcŭo, ui, ūtum, 3, v. a. ( part. fut. acuturus, not used) [cf. 2. acer], to make sharp or pointed, to sharpen, whet.

Lit.:

ne stridorem quidem serrae audiunt, cum acuitur,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 40; so,

ferrum,

Verg. A. 8, 386; Hor. C. 1, 2, 21:

enses,

Ov. M. 15, 776:

gladium,

Vulg. Deut. 32, 41:

sagittas,

id. Jer. 51, 11.— Poet.:

fulmen,

Lucr. 6, 278:

dentes,

Hor. C. 3, 20, 10; cf. Tib. 4, 3, 3.—

Trop.

First, of the tongue, qs. to whet, i. e. to sharpen, exercise, improve:

acuere linguam exercitatione dicendi,

Cic. Brut. 97:

linguam causis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 23; so Vulg. Psa. 139, 4; so in gen.: se, to exercise one's self, to make one's self ready:

acueram me ad exagitandam hanc ejus legationem,

Cic. Att. 2, 7: mentem, ingenium, prudentiam, etc.; to sharpen:

multa, quae acuant mentem, multa quae obtundant,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 33; so id. Brut. 33; id. Phil. 2, 17; id. de Or. 1, 20.—

Acuere aliquem (with or without ad aliquid), to spur on, incite, stir up, arouse:

ad crudelitatem,

Cic. Lig. 4; id. Fam. 15, 21:

illos sat aetas acuet,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 49; Cic. Rosc. Am. 33, 110:

ita duae res, quae languorem afferunt ceteris, illum acuebant, otium et solitudo,

id. Off. 3, 1; Liv. 28, 19:

curis acuens mortalia corda,

Verg. G. 1, 123:

auditisque lupos acuunt balatibus agni,

id. ib. 4, 435:

quam Juno his acuit verbis,

id. A. 7, 330.—

Aliquid, to rouse up, kindle, excite (mostly poet.):

saevus in armis Aeneas acuit Martem et se suscitat irā,

Verg. A. 12, 108:

iram,

Vulg. Sap. 5, 21:

studia,

Val. Max. 2, 2, no. 3.—

In gramm.: acuere syllabam, to give an acute accent to (opp. gravem ponere), Quint. 1, 5, 22; cf. Prisc. Op. Min. 159 Lind.: accentus acutus ideo inventus est, quod acuat sive elevet syllabam.—Hence, ăcūtus, a, um, P.a., sharpened, made pointed; hence,

Lit., sharp, pointed ( acer denotes natural sharpness, etc.: acutus, that produced by exertion, skill, etc.: sermo acer, impassioned, passionate; sermo acutus, pointed, acute discourse):

vide ut sit acutus culter probe,

Plaut. Mil. 5, 4:

ferrum,

Hor. A. P. 304:

cuspis,

Verg. A. 5, 208:

gladius,

Vulg. Psa. 56, 5:

carex,

Verg. G. 3, 231; elementa, i. e. pointed, jagged atoms (opp. to perplexa, connected), Lucr. 2, 463:

nasus,

Plaut. Cap. 3, 4, 114:

oculi,

of a pointed shape, id. Ps. 4, 7, 121:

aures,

pointed, Hor. C. 2, 19, 4:

saxa,

id. ib. 3, 27, 61; so Verg. A. 1, 45.—

Transf.

Of the senses themselves, sharp, keen:

oculos acrīs atque cicutos,

Cic. Planc. 66:

nares,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 29; Cels. 2, 6.—

Of objects affecting the senses, sharp, acute; of the voice, soprano or treble: inde loci lituus sonitus effudit acutos, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll. (Ann. v. 522 ed. Vahl.):

hinnitu,

Verg. G. 3, 94:

voces,

id. Cir. 107; Ov. M. 3, 224:

stridore,

Hor. C. 1, 34, 15:

vocem ab acutissimo sono usque ad gravissimum sonum recipiunt,

from the highest treble to the lowest base, Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 251; cf. ib. 3, 57, 216; Somn. Scip. 5; Rep. 6, 18.—

In gen., of things affecting the body, of either heat or cold from their similar effects, keen, sharp, violent, severe:

sol,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 17:

radii solis,

Ov. H. 4, 159:

gelu,

Hor. C. 1, 9, 4; cf. Lucr. 1, 495; Verg. G. 1, 93; so,

febris,

Cels. 2, 4:

morbus,

id. 3 (opp. longus), rapid.— Subst. with gen.:

acuta belli,

violent, severe misfortunes of war, Hor. C. 4, 4, 76 (= graves belli molestias).—

Fig.

Of intellectual qualities, acute, clear-sighted, intelligent, sagacious (very freq.):

Antisthenes homo acutus magis quam eruditus,

Cic. Att. 12, 37; so id. de Or. 1, 51; id. N. D. 1, 16; Nep. Dion. 8, 1:

homo ingenio prudentiāque acutissimus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 39:

acutae sententiae,

id. Opt. Gen. Or. 2, 5:

motus animorum ad excogitandum acuti,

id. Or. 1, 113:

studia,

id. Gen. 50:

conclusiones,

Quint. 2, 20, 5.—

In gramm.: accentus acutus, the acute accent (opp. gravis), Prisc. p. 159, ed. Lindem.— Comp. Plin. 13, 1, 2.— Adv.: ăcūte, sharply, keenly, acutely:. cernere, Lucr. 4, 804; ib. 811:

conlecta,

Cic. Deiot. 33:

excogitat,

id. Verr. 4, 147:

respondeo,

id. Cael. 17:

scribo,

id. Verr. 3, 20; so, ăcūtum:

cernis,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 26:

resonarent,

ib. 8, 41: and, ăcūta: canis ululat, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 9 Müll. (Ann. 346 Vahl.).— Comp., Cic. Inv. 2, 16.— Sup., Cic. Off. 1, 44; id. Verr. 3, 20.

ăcŭo, ui, ūtum, 3, v. a. ( part. fut. acuturus, not used) [cf. 2. acer], to make sharp or pointed, to sharpen, whet.

Lit.:

ne stridorem quidem serrae audiunt, cum acuitur,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 40; so,

ferrum,

Verg. A. 8, 386; Hor. C. 1, 2, 21:

enses,

Ov. M. 15, 776:

gladium,

Vulg. Deut. 32, 41:

sagittas,

id. Jer. 51, 11.— Poet.:

fulmen,

Lucr. 6, 278:

dentes,

Hor. C. 3, 20, 10; cf. Tib. 4, 3, 3.—

Trop.

First, of the tongue, qs. to whet, i. e. to sharpen, exercise, improve:

acuere linguam exercitatione dicendi,

Cic. Brut. 97:

linguam causis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 23; so Vulg. Psa. 139, 4; so in gen.: se, to exercise one's self, to make one's self ready:

acueram me ad exagitandam hanc ejus legationem,

Cic. Att. 2, 7: mentem, ingenium, prudentiam, etc.; to sharpen:

multa, quae acuant mentem, multa quae obtundant,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 33; so id. Brut. 33; id. Phil. 2, 17; id. de Or. 1, 20.—

Acuere aliquem (with or without ad aliquid), to spur on, incite, stir up, arouse:

ad crudelitatem,

Cic. Lig. 4; id. Fam. 15, 21:

illos sat aetas acuet,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 49; Cic. Rosc. Am. 33, 110:

ita duae res, quae languorem afferunt ceteris, illum acuebant, otium et solitudo,

id. Off. 3, 1; Liv. 28, 19:

curis acuens mortalia corda,

Verg. G. 1, 123:

auditisque lupos acuunt balatibus agni,

id. ib. 4, 435:

quam Juno his acuit verbis,

id. A. 7, 330.—

Aliquid, to rouse up, kindle, excite (mostly poet.):

saevus in armis Aeneas acuit Martem et se suscitat irā,

Verg. A. 12, 108:

iram,

Vulg. Sap. 5, 21:

studia,

Val. Max. 2, 2, no. 3.—

In gramm.: acuere syllabam, to give an acute accent to (opp. gravem ponere), Quint. 1, 5, 22; cf. Prisc. Op. Min. 159 Lind.: accentus acutus ideo inventus est, quod acuat sive elevet syllabam.—Hence, ăcūtus, a, um, P.a., sharpened, made pointed; hence,

Lit., sharp, pointed ( acer denotes natural sharpness, etc.: acutus, that produced by exertion, skill, etc.: sermo acer, impassioned, passionate; sermo acutus, pointed, acute discourse):

vide ut sit acutus culter probe,

Plaut. Mil. 5, 4:

ferrum,

Hor. A. P. 304:

cuspis,

Verg. A. 5, 208:

gladius,

Vulg. Psa. 56, 5:

carex,

Verg. G. 3, 231; elementa, i. e. pointed, jagged atoms (opp. to perplexa, connected), Lucr. 2, 463:

nasus,

Plaut. Cap. 3, 4, 114:

oculi,

of a pointed shape, id. Ps. 4, 7, 121:

aures,

pointed, Hor. C. 2, 19, 4:

saxa,

id. ib. 3, 27, 61; so Verg. A. 1, 45.—

Transf.

Of the senses themselves, sharp, keen:

oculos acrīs atque cicutos,

Cic. Planc. 66:

nares,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 29; Cels. 2, 6.—

Of objects affecting the senses, sharp, acute; of the voice, soprano or treble: inde loci lituus sonitus effudit acutos, Enn. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 116 Müll. (Ann. v. 522 ed. Vahl.):

hinnitu,

Verg. G. 3, 94:

voces,

id. Cir. 107; Ov. M. 3, 224:

stridore,

Hor. C. 1, 34, 15:

vocem ab acutissimo sono usque ad gravissimum sonum recipiunt,

from the highest treble to the lowest base, Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 251; cf. ib. 3, 57, 216; Somn. Scip. 5; Rep. 6, 18.—

In gen., of things affecting the body, of either heat or cold from their similar effects, keen, sharp, violent, severe:

sol,

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 17:

radii solis,

Ov. H. 4, 159:

gelu,

Hor. C. 1, 9, 4; cf. Lucr. 1, 495; Verg. G. 1, 93; so,

febris,

Cels. 2, 4:

morbus,

id. 3 (opp. longus), rapid.— Subst. with gen.:

acuta belli,

violent, severe misfortunes of war, Hor. C. 4, 4, 76 (= graves belli molestias).—

Fig.

Of intellectual qualities, acute, clear-sighted, intelligent, sagacious (very freq.):

Antisthenes homo acutus magis quam eruditus,

Cic. Att. 12, 37; so id. de Or. 1, 51; id. N. D. 1, 16; Nep. Dion. 8, 1:

homo ingenio prudentiāque acutissimus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 39:

acutae sententiae,

id. Opt. Gen. Or. 2, 5:

motus animorum ad excogitandum acuti,

id. Or. 1, 113:

studia,

id. Gen. 50:

conclusiones,

Quint. 2, 20, 5.—

In gramm.: accentus acutus, the acute accent (opp. gravis), Prisc. p. 159, ed. Lindem.— Comp. Plin. 13, 1, 2.— Adv.: ăcūte, sharply, keenly, acutely:. cernere, Lucr. 4, 804; ib. 811:

conlecta,

Cic. Deiot. 33:

excogitat,

id. Verr. 4, 147:

respondeo,

id. Cael. 17:

scribo,

id. Verr. 3, 20; so, ăcūtum:

cernis,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 26:

resonarent,

ib. 8, 41: and, ăcūta: canis ululat, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 9 Müll. (Ann. 346 Vahl.).— Comp., Cic. Inv. 2, 16.— Sup., Cic. Off. 1, 44; id. Verr. 3, 20.

cortex, ĭcis, m. and rar. f. (cf. Quint. 1, 5, 35) [Sanscr. kart, to cut, split; Gr. keirô; cf. culter], the bark, rind, shell, hull.

Prop., of plants:

obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 120.

In gen.

Masc., Varr. ap. Non. p. 199, 26; Verg. G. 2, 74; id. A. 7, 742; Ov. M. 1, 554; id. F. 2, 649; Plin. 2, 103, 106, § 226 al.; cf. infra.—

Fem., Lucr. 4, 48; Verg. E. 6, 63; Ov. M. 10, 512; 14, 630; Mart. 14, 209; Scrib. Comp. 60.—

In partic., the bark of the cork-tree, cork, used for stoppers, Cato, R. R. 120; ( masc.) Hor. C. 3, 8, 10; in learning to swim;

hence prov.: nare sine cortice,

to need no more assistance, id. S. 1, 4, 120 —From its lightness is borrowed the phrase:

tu levior cortice,

Hor. C. 3, 9, 22; cf.:

ut summā cortex levis innatet undā,

Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 11.—

Transf., of other shells than those of vegetables:

ovi,

Vitr. 8, 3.—

Trop., the outward part, covering, i. e. the body: anima corporeum corticem reliquit, Varr. ap. Non. p. 199, 29.

cultellus, i, m. dim. [culter], a small knife.

Prop., Varr. R. R. 1, 69, 2; id. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 195, 18; Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 51; Plin. 12, 25, 54, § 115 al.—

Lignei, wooden pegs or pins, Vitr. 7, 3.

curvus ( - vŏs), a, um, adj. [root kar-, whence korônê; cf.: circus, varus], crooked, curved, bent (opp. rectus; mostly poet.).

Prop.:

aratrum,

Lucr. 5, 933; 6, 1253; Verg. G. 1, 170:

rastri,

Cat. 64, 39:

culter,

Sen. Hippol. 53:

falces,

Verg. G. 1, 508:

calamus,

Cat. 63, 22:

arbor,

Ov. M. 5, 536:

arcus,

id. ib. 9, 114:

dens,

id. Am. 3, 10, 14:

ungues,

Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 4; Hor. Epod. 5, 93:

lyra,

id. C. 1, 10, 6; 3, 28, 11:

crinale,

Ov. M. 5, 53:

(equi) alvus,

Verg. A. 2, 51:

carinae,

id. G. 1, 360:

cavernae,

id. A. 3, 674:

rates,

Prop. 3 (4), 7, 29:

litora,

Cat. 64, 74; Verg. A. 3, 223; Hor. C. 4, 5, 14; id. Epod. 10, 21; Ov. M. 11, 352; cf.

spatium,

Sall. H. 4, 20 Dietsch:

flumen,

winding, crooked, Verg. G. 2, 12; Ov. M. 3, 342:

aquae,

id. F. 3, 520:

aequor,

rising on high, boisterous, id. M. 11, 505 al. —Of persons:

ita te adgerundā curvom aquā faciam, ut, etc.,

Plaut. Cas. 1, 1, 36:

arator,

bent, stooping, Verg. E. 3, 42; and of one bent by age:

anus,

Prop. 2 (3), 18, 20:

membra,

Ov. M. 3, 276:

senecta,

id. A. A. 2, 670:

caelator,

Juv. 9, 145:

vel gibberosi vel curvi,

Dig. 21, 1, 3.—

Trop., crooked, wrong, perverse:

mores,

Pers. 3, 52.— Subst.: curvum, i, n., that which is crooked or wrong (opp. rectum):

scilicet ut possem curvo dignoscere rectum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 44:

rectum discernis, ubi inter Curva subit,

Pers. 4, 12:

invenimus qui curva corrigeret,

set every thing right, Plin. Ep. 5, 8 (21), 6:

hic nobis curva corriget?

Sen. Apoc. 8 fin.

curvus ( - vŏs), a, um, adj. [root kar-, whence korônê; cf.: circus, varus], crooked, curved, bent (opp. rectus; mostly poet.).

Prop.:

aratrum,

Lucr. 5, 933; 6, 1253; Verg. G. 1, 170:

rastri,

Cat. 64, 39:

culter,

Sen. Hippol. 53:

falces,

Verg. G. 1, 508:

calamus,

Cat. 63, 22:

arbor,

Ov. M. 5, 536:

arcus,

id. ib. 9, 114:

dens,

id. Am. 3, 10, 14:

ungues,

Varr. R. R. 2, 9, 4; Hor. Epod. 5, 93:

lyra,

id. C. 1, 10, 6; 3, 28, 11:

crinale,

Ov. M. 5, 53:

(equi) alvus,

Verg. A. 2, 51:

carinae,

id. G. 1, 360:

cavernae,

id. A. 3, 674:

rates,

Prop. 3 (4), 7, 29:

litora,

Cat. 64, 74; Verg. A. 3, 223; Hor. C. 4, 5, 14; id. Epod. 10, 21; Ov. M. 11, 352; cf.

spatium,

Sall. H. 4, 20 Dietsch:

flumen,

winding, crooked, Verg. G. 2, 12; Ov. M. 3, 342:

aquae,

id. F. 3, 520:

aequor,

rising on high, boisterous, id. M. 11, 505 al. —Of persons:

ita te adgerundā curvom aquā faciam, ut, etc.,

Plaut. Cas. 1, 1, 36:

arator,

bent, stooping, Verg. E. 3, 42; and of one bent by age:

anus,

Prop. 2 (3), 18, 20:

membra,

Ov. M. 3, 276:

senecta,

id. A. A. 2, 670:

caelator,

Juv. 9, 145:

vel gibberosi vel curvi,

Dig. 21, 1, 3.—

Trop., crooked, wrong, perverse:

mores,

Pers. 3, 52.— Subst.: curvum, i, n., that which is crooked or wrong (opp. rectum):

scilicet ut possem curvo dignoscere rectum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 44:

rectum discernis, ubi inter Curva subit,

Pers. 4, 12:

invenimus qui curva corrigeret,

set every thing right, Plin. Ep. 5, 8 (21), 6:

hic nobis curva corriget?

Sen. Apoc. 8 fin.